[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163809},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2039},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2032,"extension":2033,"meta":2034,"navigation":148,"path":2035,"seo":2036,"stem":2037,"__hash__":2038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1998},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,55,58,86,92,97,178,181,222,237,244,249,252,294,300,304,307,321,324,327,352,354,373,376,396,400,403,529,531,620,623,630,637,640,643,750,752,813,818,821,897,904,936,957,964,973,980,992,994,1045,1047,1071,1077,1130,1135,1143,1152,1158,1161,1186,1189,1191,1270,1272,1297,1305,1308,1314,1319,1333,1336,1402,1404,1436,1439,1459,1463,1469,1477,1480,1500,1503,1522,1530,1536,1544,1547,1585,1588,1595,1599,1602,1664,1667,1670,1726,1728,1741,1747,1751,1756,1792,1799,1802,1868,1871,1875,1882,1897,1907,1916,1926,1936,1943,1949,1953,1994],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-type-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"type()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,30,17],{}," to:",[33,34,35,39,42,45],"ul",{},[36,37,38],"li",{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,40,41],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,43,44],{},"debug confusing code",[36,46,47,48],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[49,50,52],"a",{"href":51},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,53,54],{},"input()",[20,56,57],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[59,60,65],"pre",{"className":61,"code":62,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","type(object)\n","python","",[15,66,67],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69,72,76,80,83],"span",{"class":70,"line":71},"line",1,[68,73,75],{"class":74},"sZMiF","type",[68,77,79],{"class":78},"sP7_E","(",[68,81,82],{"class":74},"object",[68,84,85],{"class":78},")\n",[20,87,88,89,91],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,90,17],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[93,94,96],"h2",{"id":95},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[59,98,100],{"className":61,"code":99,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,101,102,123,143,150,162],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103,104,108,112,116,120],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105,107],{"class":106},"su5hD","name ",[68,109,111],{"class":110},"smGrS","=",[68,113,115],{"class":114},"sjJ54"," \"",[68,117,119],{"class":118},"s_sjI","Alice",[68,121,122],{"class":114},"\"\n",[68,124,126,130,132,134,136,140],{"class":70,"line":125},2,[68,127,129],{"class":128},"sptTA","print",[68,131,79],{"class":78},[68,133,75],{"class":74},[68,135,79],{"class":78},[68,137,139],{"class":138},"slqww","name",[68,141,142],{"class":78},"))\n",[68,144,146],{"class":70,"line":145},3,[68,147,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},true,"\n",[68,151,153,156,158],{"class":70,"line":152},4,[68,154,155],{"class":106},"number ",[68,157,111],{"class":110},[68,159,161],{"class":160},"srdBf"," 10\n",[68,163,165,167,169,171,173,176],{"class":70,"line":164},5,[68,166,129],{"class":128},[68,168,79],{"class":78},[68,170,75],{"class":74},[68,172,79],{"class":78},[68,174,175],{"class":138},"number",[68,177,142],{"class":78},[20,179,180],{},"Output:",[59,182,184],{"className":61,"code":183,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,185,186,207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,187,188,191,195,198,201,204],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,189,190],{"class":110},"\u003C",[68,192,194],{"class":193},"sbsja","class",[68,196,197],{"class":114}," '",[68,199,200],{"class":118},"str",[68,202,203],{"class":114},"'",[68,205,206],{"class":110},">\n",[68,208,209,211,213,215,218,220],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,210,190],{"class":110},[68,212,194],{"class":193},[68,214,197],{"class":114},[68,216,217],{"class":118},"int",[68,219,203],{"class":114},[68,221,206],{"class":110},[20,223,224,225,228,229,232,233,236],{},"Use ",[15,226,227],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,230,231],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>"," and ",[15,234,235],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",".",[93,238,240,241,243],{"id":239},"what-the-type-function-does","What the ",[15,242,17],{}," function does",[20,245,246,248],{},[15,247,17],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,250,251],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,253,254,259,264,270,276,282],{},[36,255,256,258],{},[15,257,200],{}," for text",[36,260,261,263],{},[15,262,217],{}," for whole numbers",[36,265,266,269],{},[15,267,268],{},"float"," for decimal numbers",[36,271,272,275],{},[15,273,274],{},"list"," for lists",[36,277,278,281],{},[15,279,280],{},"dict"," for dictionaries",[36,283,284,287,288,232,291],{},[15,285,286],{},"bool"," for ",[15,289,290],{},"True",[15,292,293],{},"False",[20,295,296,297,299],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,298,17],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[93,301,303],{"id":302},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,305,306],{},"The main beginner form is:",[59,308,309],{"className":61,"code":62,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,310,311],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,312,313,315,317,319],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,314,75],{"class":74},[68,316,79],{"class":78},[68,318,82],{"class":74},[68,320,85],{"class":78},[20,322,323],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,325,326],{},"Example:",[59,328,330],{"className":61,"code":329,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,331,332],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,333,334,336,338,340,342,345,348,350],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,335,129],{"class":128},[68,337,79],{"class":78},[68,339,75],{"class":74},[68,341,79],{"class":78},[68,343,344],{"class":114},"\"",[68,346,347],{"class":118},"hello",[68,349,344],{"class":114},[68,351,142],{"class":78},[20,353,180],{},[59,355,357],{"className":61,"code":356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,358,359],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,360,361,363,365,367,369,371],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,362,190],{"class":110},[68,364,194],{"class":193},[68,366,197],{"class":114},[68,368,200],{"class":118},[68,370,203],{"class":114},[68,372,206],{"class":110},[20,374,375],{},"You can pass either:",[33,377,378,388],{},[36,379,380,381,384,385],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,382,383],{},"\"hello\""," or ",[15,386,387],{},"42",[36,389,390,391,384,393],{},"a variable such as ",[15,392,139],{},[15,394,395],{},"age",[93,397,399],{"id":398},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[20,401,402],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[59,404,406],{"className":61,"code":405,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,407,408,426,441,456,484,513],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,409,410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,411,129],{"class":128},[68,413,79],{"class":78},[68,415,75],{"class":74},[68,417,79],{"class":78},[68,419,344],{"class":114},[68,421,347],{"class":118},[68,423,344],{"class":114},[68,425,142],{"class":78},[68,427,428,430,432,434,436,439],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,429,129],{"class":128},[68,431,79],{"class":78},[68,433,75],{"class":74},[68,435,79],{"class":78},[68,437,438],{"class":160},"10",[68,440,142],{"class":78},[68,442,443,445,447,449,451,454],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,444,129],{"class":128},[68,446,79],{"class":78},[68,448,75],{"class":74},[68,450,79],{"class":78},[68,452,453],{"class":160},"3.14",[68,455,142],{"class":78},[68,457,458,460,462,464,467,470,473,476,478,481],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,459,129],{"class":128},[68,461,79],{"class":78},[68,463,75],{"class":74},[68,465,466],{"class":78},"([",[68,468,469],{"class":160},"1",[68,471,472],{"class":78},",",[68,474,475],{"class":160}," 2",[68,477,472],{"class":78},[68,479,480],{"class":160}," 3",[68,482,483],{"class":78},"]))\n",[68,485,486,488,490,492,495,497,499,501,504,506,508,510],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,487,129],{"class":128},[68,489,79],{"class":78},[68,491,75],{"class":74},[68,493,494],{"class":78},"({",[68,496,344],{"class":114},[68,498,139],{"class":118},[68,500,344],{"class":114},[68,502,503],{"class":78},":",[68,505,115],{"class":114},[68,507,119],{"class":118},[68,509,344],{"class":114},[68,511,512],{"class":78},"}))\n",[68,514,516,518,520,522,524,527],{"class":70,"line":515},6,[68,517,129],{"class":128},[68,519,79],{"class":78},[68,521,75],{"class":74},[68,523,79],{"class":78},[68,525,290],{"class":526},"s39Yj",[68,528,142],{"class":78},[20,530,180],{},[59,532,534],{"className":61,"code":533,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,535,536,550,564,578,592,606],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,537,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,539,190],{"class":110},[68,541,194],{"class":193},[68,543,197],{"class":114},[68,545,200],{"class":118},[68,547,203],{"class":114},[68,549,206],{"class":110},[68,551,552,554,556,558,560,562],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,553,190],{"class":110},[68,555,194],{"class":193},[68,557,197],{"class":114},[68,559,217],{"class":118},[68,561,203],{"class":114},[68,563,206],{"class":110},[68,565,566,568,570,572,574,576],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,567,190],{"class":110},[68,569,194],{"class":193},[68,571,197],{"class":114},[68,573,268],{"class":118},[68,575,203],{"class":114},[68,577,206],{"class":110},[68,579,580,582,584,586,588,590],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,581,190],{"class":110},[68,583,194],{"class":193},[68,585,197],{"class":114},[68,587,274],{"class":118},[68,589,203],{"class":114},[68,591,206],{"class":110},[68,593,594,596,598,600,602,604],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,595,190],{"class":110},[68,597,194],{"class":193},[68,599,197],{"class":114},[68,601,280],{"class":118},[68,603,203],{"class":114},[68,605,206],{"class":110},[68,607,608,610,612,614,616,618],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,609,190],{"class":110},[68,611,194],{"class":193},[68,613,197],{"class":114},[68,615,286],{"class":118},[68,617,203],{"class":114},[68,619,206],{"class":110},[20,621,622],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,624,625,626,236],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[49,627,629],{"href":628},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F","Python data types overview",[93,631,633,634,636],{"id":632},"using-type-with-variables","Using ",[15,635,17],{}," with variables",[20,638,639],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,641,642],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[59,644,646],{"className":61,"code":645,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,647,648,657,677,681,694,712,716,731],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,649,650,653,655],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,651,652],{"class":106},"value ",[68,654,111],{"class":110},[68,656,161],{"class":160},[68,658,659,661,663,666,668,671,673,675],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,660,129],{"class":128},[68,662,79],{"class":78},[68,664,665],{"class":138},"value",[68,667,472],{"class":78},[68,669,670],{"class":74}," type",[68,672,79],{"class":78},[68,674,665],{"class":138},[68,676,142],{"class":78},[68,678,679],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,680,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,682,683,685,687,689,692],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,684,652],{"class":106},[68,686,111],{"class":110},[68,688,115],{"class":114},[68,690,691],{"class":118},"ten",[68,693,122],{"class":114},[68,695,696,698,700,702,704,706,708,710],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,697,129],{"class":128},[68,699,79],{"class":78},[68,701,665],{"class":138},[68,703,472],{"class":78},[68,705,670],{"class":74},[68,707,79],{"class":78},[68,709,665],{"class":138},[68,711,142],{"class":78},[68,713,714],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,715,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,717,719,721,723,726,728],{"class":70,"line":718},7,[68,720,652],{"class":106},[68,722,111],{"class":110},[68,724,725],{"class":78}," [",[68,727,438],{"class":160},[68,729,730],{"class":78},"]\n",[68,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748],{"class":70,"line":733},8,[68,735,129],{"class":128},[68,737,79],{"class":78},[68,739,665],{"class":138},[68,741,472],{"class":78},[68,743,670],{"class":74},[68,745,79],{"class":78},[68,747,665],{"class":138},[68,749,142],{"class":78},[20,751,180],{},[59,753,755],{"className":61,"code":754,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,756,757,774,791],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,758,759,761,764,766,768,770,772],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,760,438],{"class":160},[68,762,763],{"class":110}," \u003C",[68,765,194],{"class":193},[68,767,197],{"class":114},[68,769,217],{"class":118},[68,771,203],{"class":114},[68,773,206],{"class":110},[68,775,776,779,781,783,785,787,789],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,777,778],{"class":106},"ten ",[68,780,190],{"class":110},[68,782,194],{"class":193},[68,784,197],{"class":114},[68,786,200],{"class":118},[68,788,203],{"class":114},[68,790,206],{"class":110},[68,792,793,796,798,801,803,805,807,809,811],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,794,795],{"class":78},"[",[68,797,438],{"class":160},[68,799,800],{"class":78},"]",[68,802,763],{"class":110},[68,804,194],{"class":193},[68,806,197],{"class":114},[68,808,274],{"class":118},[68,810,203],{"class":114},[68,812,206],{"class":110},[20,814,815,817],{},[15,816,17],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,819,820],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[59,822,824],{"className":61,"code":823,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,825,826,847,862,866,882],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,827,828,831,833,836,838,840,843,845],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,829,830],{"class":106},"user_input ",[68,832,111],{"class":110},[68,834,835],{"class":128}," input",[68,837,79],{"class":78},[68,839,344],{"class":114},[68,841,842],{"class":118},"Enter a number: ",[68,844,344],{"class":114},[68,846,85],{"class":78},[68,848,849,851,853,855,857,860],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,850,129],{"class":128},[68,852,79],{"class":78},[68,854,75],{"class":74},[68,856,79],{"class":78},[68,858,859],{"class":138},"user_input",[68,861,142],{"class":78},[68,863,864],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,865,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,867,868,871,873,876,878,880],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,869,870],{"class":106},"converted ",[68,872,111],{"class":110},[68,874,875],{"class":74}," int",[68,877,79],{"class":78},[68,879,859],{"class":138},[68,881,85],{"class":78},[68,883,884,886,888,890,892,895],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,885,129],{"class":128},[68,887,79],{"class":78},[68,889,75],{"class":74},[68,891,79],{"class":78},[68,893,894],{"class":138},"converted",[68,896,142],{"class":78},[20,898,899,900,903],{},"If the user enters ",[15,901,902],{},"25",", the output will be:",[59,905,906],{"className":61,"code":183,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,907,908,922],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,909,910,912,914,916,918,920],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,911,190],{"class":110},[68,913,194],{"class":193},[68,915,197],{"class":114},[68,917,200],{"class":118},[68,919,203],{"class":114},[68,921,206],{"class":110},[68,923,924,926,928,930,932,934],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,925,190],{"class":110},[68,927,194],{"class":193},[68,929,197],{"class":114},[68,931,217],{"class":118},[68,933,203],{"class":114},[68,935,206],{"class":110},[20,937,938,939,943,944,384,950,956],{},"That happens because ",[49,940,941],{"href":51},[15,942,54],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[49,945,947],{"href":946},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,948,949],{},"int()",[49,951,953],{"href":952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,954,955],{},"float()"," if you need a number.",[20,958,959,960,236],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[49,961,963],{"href":962},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[93,965,967,969,970],{"id":966},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,968,17],{}," vs ",[15,971,972],{},"isinstance()",[20,974,975,232,977,979],{},[15,976,17],{},[15,978,972],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,981,982,987],{},[36,983,984,986],{},[15,985,17],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,988,989,991],{},[15,990,972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,993,326],{},[59,995,997],{"className":61,"code":996,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,998,999,1008,1012,1026],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1000,1001,1003,1005],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1002,652],{"class":106},[68,1004,111],{"class":110},[68,1006,1007],{"class":160}," 5\n",[68,1009,1010],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1011,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1013,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1015,129],{"class":128},[68,1017,79],{"class":78},[68,1019,75],{"class":74},[68,1021,79],{"class":78},[68,1023,665],{"class":138},[68,1025,142],{"class":78},[68,1027,1028,1030,1032,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1029,129],{"class":128},[68,1031,79],{"class":78},[68,1033,1034],{"class":128},"isinstance",[68,1036,79],{"class":78},[68,1038,665],{"class":138},[68,1040,472],{"class":78},[68,1042,875],{"class":74},[68,1044,142],{"class":78},[20,1046,180],{},[59,1048,1050],{"className":61,"code":1049,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,1051,1052,1066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1053,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1055,190],{"class":110},[68,1057,194],{"class":193},[68,1059,197],{"class":114},[68,1061,217],{"class":118},[68,1063,203],{"class":114},[68,1065,206],{"class":110},[68,1067,1068],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1069,1070],{"class":526},"True\n",[20,1072,1073,1074,1076],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,1075,972],{}," is more practical.",[59,1078,1080],{"className":61,"code":1079,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,1081,1082,1090,1094,1114],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1083,1084,1086,1088],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1085,652],{"class":106},[68,1087,111],{"class":110},[68,1089,1007],{"class":160},[68,1091,1092],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1093,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1095,1096,1100,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1097,1099],{"class":1098},"sVHd0","if",[68,1101,1102],{"class":128}," isinstance",[68,1104,79],{"class":78},[68,1106,665],{"class":138},[68,1108,472],{"class":78},[68,1110,875],{"class":74},[68,1112,1113],{"class":78},"):\n",[68,1115,1116,1119,1121,1123,1126,1128],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1117,1118],{"class":128},"    print",[68,1120,79],{"class":78},[68,1122,344],{"class":114},[68,1124,1125],{"class":118},"This is an integer",[68,1127,344],{"class":114},[68,1129,85],{"class":78},[20,1131,224,1132,1134],{},[15,1133,17],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,1136,224,1137,1139,1140,1142],{},[15,1138,972],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,1141,1099],{}," statements.",[20,1144,1145,1146,236],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[49,1147,13,1149,1151],{"href":1148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,1150,972],{}," function explained",[93,1153,1155,1156],{"id":1154},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,1157,17],{},[20,1159,1160],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[59,1162,1164],{"className":61,"code":1163,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,1165,1166],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1167,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1179,1181,1184],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1169,75],{"class":74},[68,1171,79],{"class":78},[68,1173,139],{"class":138},[68,1175,472],{"class":78},[68,1177,1178],{"class":138}," bases",[68,1180,472],{"class":78},[68,1182,1183],{"class":74}," dict",[68,1185,85],{"class":78},[20,1187,1188],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,1190,326],{},[59,1192,1194],{"className":61,"code":1193,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,1195,1196,1241,1245,1255],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1197,1198,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1212,1214,1216,1219,1222,1224,1227,1229,1231,1233,1236,1238],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1199,1200],{"class":106},"Person ",[68,1202,111],{"class":110},[68,1204,670],{"class":74},[68,1206,79],{"class":78},[68,1208,344],{"class":114},[68,1210,1211],{"class":118},"Person",[68,1213,344],{"class":114},[68,1215,472],{"class":78},[68,1217,1218],{"class":78}," (),",[68,1220,1221],{"class":78}," {",[68,1223,344],{"class":114},[68,1225,1226],{"class":118},"species",[68,1228,344],{"class":114},[68,1230,503],{"class":78},[68,1232,115],{"class":114},[68,1234,1235],{"class":118},"human",[68,1237,344],{"class":114},[68,1239,1240],{"class":78},"})\n",[68,1242,1243],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1244,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1246,1247,1249,1251,1253],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1248,129],{"class":128},[68,1250,79],{"class":78},[68,1252,1211],{"class":138},[68,1254,85],{"class":78},[68,1256,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1268],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1258,129],{"class":128},[68,1260,79],{"class":78},[68,1262,1211],{"class":138},[68,1264,236],{"class":78},[68,1266,1226],{"class":1267},"skxfh",[68,1269,85],{"class":78},[20,1271,180],{},[59,1273,1275],{"className":61,"code":1274,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,1276,1277,1292],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285,1288,1290],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1280,190],{"class":110},[68,1282,194],{"class":193},[68,1284,197],{"class":114},[68,1286,1287],{"class":118},"__main__.Person",[68,1289,203],{"class":114},[68,1291,206],{"class":110},[68,1293,1294],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1295,1296],{"class":106},"human\n",[20,1298,1299,1300,1304],{},"Most beginners do ",[1301,1302,1303],"strong",{},"not"," need this form.",[20,1306,1307],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[93,1309,1311,1312],{"id":1310},"when-to-use-type","When to use ",[15,1313,17],{},[20,1315,1316,1318],{},[15,1317,17],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,1320,1321,1324,1327,1330],{},[36,1322,1323],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,1325,1326],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,1328,1329],{},"learn Python data types",[36,1331,1332],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,1334,1335],{},"For example:",[59,1337,1339],{"className":61,"code":1338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,1340,1341,1355,1370,1374,1388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1342,1343,1346,1348,1350,1353],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1344,1345],{"class":106},"text ",[68,1347,111],{"class":110},[68,1349,115],{"class":114},[68,1351,1352],{"class":118},"123",[68,1354,122],{"class":114},[68,1356,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1368],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1358,155],{"class":106},[68,1360,111],{"class":110},[68,1362,875],{"class":74},[68,1364,79],{"class":78},[68,1366,1367],{"class":138},"text",[68,1369,85],{"class":78},[68,1371,1372],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1373,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1375,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1377,129],{"class":128},[68,1379,79],{"class":78},[68,1381,75],{"class":74},[68,1383,79],{"class":78},[68,1385,1367],{"class":138},[68,1387,142],{"class":78},[68,1389,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,1391,129],{"class":128},[68,1393,79],{"class":78},[68,1395,75],{"class":74},[68,1397,79],{"class":78},[68,1399,175],{"class":138},[68,1401,142],{"class":78},[20,1403,180],{},[59,1405,1406],{"className":61,"code":183,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,1407,1408,1422],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1411,190],{"class":110},[68,1413,194],{"class":193},[68,1415,197],{"class":114},[68,1417,200],{"class":118},[68,1419,203],{"class":114},[68,1421,206],{"class":110},[68,1423,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1425,190],{"class":110},[68,1427,194],{"class":193},[68,1429,197],{"class":114},[68,1431,217],{"class":118},[68,1433,203],{"class":114},[68,1435,206],{"class":110},[20,1437,1438],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,1440,1441,1442,1448,1449,1453,1454,1458],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[49,1443,1445],{"href":1444},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[15,1446,1447],{},"str()",", ",[49,1450,1451],{"href":946},[15,1452,949],{},", and ",[49,1455,1456],{"href":952},[15,1457,955],{}," are often the next step.",[93,1460,1462],{"id":1461},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,1464,1465,1466,1468],{},"A few things about ",[15,1467,17],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1470,1471,1473,1476],"h3",{"id":1472},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,1474,1475],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,1478,1479],{},"This:",[59,1481,1483],{"className":61,"code":1482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(5))\n",[15,1484,1485],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1486,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1498],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1488,129],{"class":128},[68,1490,79],{"class":78},[68,1492,75],{"class":74},[68,1494,79],{"class":78},[68,1496,1497],{"class":160},"5",[68,1499,142],{"class":78},[20,1501,1502],{},"prints:",[59,1504,1506],{"className":61,"code":1505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,1507,1508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1509,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1511,190],{"class":110},[68,1513,194],{"class":193},[68,1515,197],{"class":114},[68,1517,217],{"class":118},[68,1519,203],{"class":114},[68,1521,206],{"class":110},[20,1523,1524,1525,1527,1528,236],{},"It does ",[1301,1526,1303],{}," print just ",[15,1529,217],{},[20,1531,1532,1533,1535],{},"That is because ",[15,1534,17],{}," returns a class object.",[1470,1537,1539,1541,1542],{"id":1538},"input-returns-str",[15,1540,54],{}," returns ",[15,1543,200],{},[20,1545,1546],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[59,1548,1550],{"className":61,"code":1549,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,1551,1552,1571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1553,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1567,1569],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1555,652],{"class":106},[68,1557,111],{"class":110},[68,1559,835],{"class":128},[68,1561,79],{"class":78},[68,1563,344],{"class":114},[68,1565,1566],{"class":118},"Enter something: ",[68,1568,344],{"class":114},[68,1570,85],{"class":78},[68,1572,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1574,129],{"class":128},[68,1576,79],{"class":78},[68,1578,75],{"class":74},[68,1580,79],{"class":78},[68,1582,665],{"class":138},[68,1584,142],{"class":78},[20,1586,1587],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,1589,1590,1591,384,1593,236],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,1592,949],{},[15,1594,955],{},[1470,1596,1598],{"id":1597},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,1600,1601],{},"Avoid code like this:",[59,1603,1605],{"className":61,"code":1604,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,1606,1607,1615,1619,1649],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1608,1609,1611,1613],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1610,652],{"class":106},[68,1612,111],{"class":110},[68,1614,1007],{"class":160},[68,1616,1617],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1618,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1620,1621,1623,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1637,1640,1642,1644,1646],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1622,1099],{"class":1098},[68,1624,1625],{"class":74}," str",[68,1627,79],{"class":78},[68,1629,75],{"class":74},[68,1631,79],{"class":78},[68,1633,665],{"class":138},[68,1635,1636],{"class":78},"))",[68,1638,1639],{"class":110}," ==",[68,1641,115],{"class":114},[68,1643,235],{"class":118},[68,1645,344],{"class":114},[68,1647,1648],{"class":78},":\n",[68,1650,1651,1653,1655,1657,1660,1662],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1652,1118],{"class":128},[68,1654,79],{"class":78},[68,1656,344],{"class":114},[68,1658,1659],{"class":118},"It is an int",[68,1661,344],{"class":114},[68,1663,85],{"class":78},[20,1665,1666],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,1668,1669],{},"Better options:",[59,1671,1673],{"className":61,"code":1672,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,1674,1675,1683,1687,1708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1676,1677,1679,1681],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1678,652],{"class":106},[68,1680,111],{"class":110},[68,1682,1007],{"class":160},[68,1684,1685],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1686,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1702,1704,1706],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1690,129],{"class":128},[68,1692,79],{"class":78},[68,1694,75],{"class":74},[68,1696,79],{"class":78},[68,1698,665],{"class":138},[68,1700,1701],{"class":78},")",[68,1703,1639],{"class":110},[68,1705,875],{"class":74},[68,1707,85],{"class":78},[68,1709,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1711,129],{"class":128},[68,1713,79],{"class":78},[68,1715,1034],{"class":128},[68,1717,79],{"class":78},[68,1719,665],{"class":138},[68,1721,472],{"class":78},[68,1723,875],{"class":74},[68,1725,142],{"class":78},[20,1727,180],{},[59,1729,1731],{"className":61,"code":1730,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nTrue\n",[15,1732,1733,1737],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1734,1735],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1736,1070],{"class":526},[68,1738,1739],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1740,1070],{"class":526},[20,1742,1743,1744,1746],{},"In most real code, ",[15,1745,972],{}," is the more useful check.",[93,1748,1750],{"id":1749},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1752,1753,1754,503],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1755,17],{},[33,1757,1758,1768,1779,1789],{},[36,1759,633,1760,1762,1763,1767],{},[15,1761,17],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[49,1764,1765],{"href":51},[15,1766,54],{}," always returns a string",[36,1769,1770,1771,1773,1774,1776,1777],{},"Expecting ",[15,1772,17],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,1775,217],{}," instead of ",[15,1778,235],{},[36,1780,633,1781,1784,1785,1788],{},[15,1782,1783],{},"type(x) == SomeType"," when ",[15,1786,1787],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,1790,1791],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,1793,1794,1795,236],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[49,1796,1798],{"href":1797},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,1800,1801],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[59,1803,1805],{"className":61,"code":1804,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,1806,1807,1821,1831,1846,1857],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,1808,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,1810,129],{"class":128},[68,1812,79],{"class":78},[68,1814,75],{"class":74},[68,1816,79],{"class":78},[68,1818,665],{"class":138},[68,1820,142],{"class":78},[68,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,1824,129],{"class":128},[68,1826,79],{"class":78},[68,1828,665],{"class":138},[68,1830,85],{"class":78},[68,1832,1833,1835,1837,1840,1842,1844],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,1834,129],{"class":128},[68,1836,79],{"class":78},[68,1838,1839],{"class":128},"repr",[68,1841,79],{"class":78},[68,1843,665],{"class":138},[68,1845,142],{"class":78},[68,1847,1848,1851,1853,1855],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,1849,1850],{"class":128},"help",[68,1852,79],{"class":78},[68,1854,75],{"class":74},[68,1856,85],{"class":78},[68,1858,1859,1862,1864,1866],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,1860,1861],{"class":128},"dir",[68,1863,79],{"class":78},[68,1865,665],{"class":138},[68,1867,85],{"class":78},[20,1869,1870],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[93,1872,1874],{"id":1873},"faq","FAQ",[1470,1876,1878,1879,1881],{"id":1877},"what-does-type-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1880,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1883,1884,1885,1448,1887,1448,1889,1891,1892,1894,1895,236],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,1886,200],{},[15,1888,217],{},[15,1890,274],{},", or ",[15,1893,280],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,1896,231],{},[1470,1898,1900,1901,1903,1904,1906],{"id":1899},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance","Is ",[15,1902,17],{}," the same as ",[15,1905,972],{},"?",[20,1908,1909,1910,1912,1913,1915],{},"No. ",[15,1911,17],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,1914,972],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1470,1917,1919,1920,1923,1924,1906],{"id":1918},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str","Why does ",[15,1921,1922],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,1925,200],{},[20,1927,1928,1929,1931,1932,384,1934,956],{},"Because ",[15,1930,54],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,1933,949],{},[15,1935,955],{},[1470,1937,1939,1940,1942],{"id":1938},"can-type-create-classes","Can ",[15,1941,17],{}," create classes?",[20,1944,1945,1946,236],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,1947,1948],{},"type(object)",[93,1950,1952],{"id":1951},"see-also","See also",[33,1954,1955,1959,1965,1971,1976,1982,1988],{},[36,1956,1957],{},[49,1958,629],{"href":628},[36,1960,1961],{},[49,1962,13,1963,1151],{"href":1148},[15,1964,972],{},[36,1966,1967],{},[49,1968,13,1969,1151],{"href":51},[15,1970,54],{},[36,1972,1973],{},[49,1974,1975],{"href":962},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,1977,1978],{},[49,1979,13,1980,1151],{"href":946},[15,1981,949],{},[36,1983,1984],{},[49,1985,13,1986,1151],{"href":952},[15,1987,955],{},[36,1989,1990],{},[49,1991,13,1992,1151],{"href":1444},[15,1993,1447],{},[1995,1996,1997],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":1999},[2000,2001,2003,2004,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013,2020,2021,2031],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":239,"depth":125,"text":2002},"What the type() function does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":398,"depth":125,"text":399},{"id":632,"depth":125,"text":2006},"Using type() with variables",{"id":966,"depth":125,"text":2008},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":1154,"depth":125,"text":2010},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":1310,"depth":125,"text":2012},"When to use type()",{"id":1461,"depth":125,"text":1462,"children":2014},[2015,2017,2019],{"id":1472,"depth":145,"text":2016},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":1538,"depth":145,"text":2018},"input() returns str",{"id":1597,"depth":145,"text":1598},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":2022},[2023,2025,2027,2029],{"id":1877,"depth":145,"text":2024},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":1899,"depth":145,"text":2026},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":1918,"depth":145,"text":2028},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":1938,"depth":145,"text":2030},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2032},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",[2040,3616,5319,7011,9141,11340,12860,15034,17240,19700,21539,24105,26201,28483,30430,32339,34335,35770,37599,40124,42279,43507,44875,46517,48836,50674,52656,54350,55603,57296,59047,61019,62769,64866,66226,68177,69739,71730,73525,75425,77867,79944,82584,84613,86576,88764,90768,93081,94763,96208,97402,98580,100420,102860,104564,106578,108102,109347,110510,111892,113963,115860,117634,119500,121619,123354,124816,126409,128332,130009,131944,133433,136217,137794,139353,141381,143333,144795,145984,147870,149281,150977,152531,153953,155356,157253,159647,161321],{"id":2041,"title":2042,"body":2043,"description":3610,"extension":2033,"meta":3611,"navigation":148,"path":3612,"seo":3613,"stem":3614,"__hash__":3615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2044,"toc":3582},[2045,2048,2055,2058,2069,2072,2076,2141,2143,2163,2168,2172,2177,2180,2196,2199,2224,2227,2229,2232,2248,2251,2274,2276,2334,2336,2351,2361,2371,2375,2378,2431,2433,2453,2456,2479,2486,2490,2495,2501,2503,2539,2541,2550,2556,2574,2577,2589,2593,2598,2602,2605,2626,2628,2685,2687,2695,2698,2702,2734,2736,2744,2747,2751,2756,2804,2806,2814,2818,2878,2880,2888,2891,2893,2897,2900,2923,2932,2943,2994,2996,3011,3021,3025,3028,3055,3062,3066,3071,3112,3114,3125,3128,3171,3173,3181,3185,3190,3212,3214,3223,3232,3236,3241,3263,3265,3335,3337,3384,3387,3390,3393,3470,3472,3502,3504,3508,3511,3515,3518,3522,3525,3529,3541,3545,3548,3550,3579],[10,2046,2042],{"id":2047},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2049,2050,2051,2054],{},"The ",[15,2052,2053],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2056,2057],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,2059,2060,2063,2066],{},[36,2061,2062],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,2064,2065],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,2067,2068],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2070,2071],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[93,2073,2075],{"id":2074},"quick-example","Quick example",[59,2077,2079],{"className":61,"code":2078,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2080,2081,2100,2115],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2082,2083,2085,2087,2090,2092,2095,2098],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2084,129],{"class":128},[68,2086,79],{"class":78},[68,2088,2089],{"class":128},"abs",[68,2091,79],{"class":78},[68,2093,2094],{"class":110},"-",[68,2096,2097],{"class":160},"7",[68,2099,142],{"class":78},[68,2101,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2113],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2103,129],{"class":128},[68,2105,79],{"class":78},[68,2107,2089],{"class":128},[68,2109,79],{"class":78},[68,2111,2112],{"class":160},"3.5",[68,2114,142],{"class":78},[68,2116,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2130,2133,2136,2139],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2118,129],{"class":128},[68,2120,79],{"class":78},[68,2122,2089],{"class":128},[68,2124,79],{"class":78},[68,2126,2094],{"class":110},[68,2128,2129],{"class":160},"2",[68,2131,2132],{"class":110},"+",[68,2134,2135],{"class":160},"3",[68,2137,2138],{"class":193},"j",[68,2140,142],{"class":78},[20,2142,180],{},[59,2144,2146],{"className":61,"code":2145,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2147,2148,2153,2158],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2149,2150],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2151,2152],{"class":160},"7\n",[68,2154,2155],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2156,2157],{"class":160},"3.5\n",[68,2159,2160],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2161,2162],{"class":160},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2164,224,2165,2167],{},[15,2166,2053],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[93,2169,2171],{"id":2170},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2173,2174,2176],{},[15,2175,2053],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2178,2179],{},"That means:",[33,2181,2182,2185,2188],{},[36,2183,2184],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,2186,2187],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,2189,2190,2193,2194],{},[15,2191,2192],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2195,2192],{},[20,2197,2198],{},"Examples:",[33,2200,2201,2209,2217],{},[36,2202,2203,2206,2207],{},[15,2204,2205],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2208,1497],{},[36,2210,2211,2206,2214],{},[15,2212,2213],{},"abs(9)",[15,2215,2216],{},"9",[36,2218,2219,2206,2222],{},[15,2220,2221],{},"abs(0)",[15,2223,2192],{},[20,2225,2226],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[93,2228,303],{"id":302},[20,2230,2231],{},"The syntax is:",[59,2233,2235],{"className":61,"code":2234,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"abs(x)\n",[15,2236,2237],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2238,2239,2241,2243,2246],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2240,2089],{"class":128},[68,2242,79],{"class":78},[68,2244,2245],{"class":138},"x",[68,2247,85],{"class":78},[20,2249,2250],{},"Here:",[33,2252,2253,2266,2271],{},[36,2254,2255,2257,2258,1448,2260,1891,2262,2265],{},[15,2256,2245],{}," is usually an ",[15,2259,217],{},[15,2261,268],{},[15,2263,2264],{},"complex"," number",[36,2267,2268,2270],{},[15,2269,2053],{}," returns a new value",[36,2272,2273],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2275,326],{},[59,2277,2279],{"className":61,"code":2278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2280,2281,2293,2309,2313,2323],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2282,2283,2285,2287,2290],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2284,155],{"class":106},[68,2286,111],{"class":110},[68,2288,2289],{"class":110}," -",[68,2291,2292],{"class":160},"12\n",[68,2294,2295,2298,2300,2303,2305,2307],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2296,2297],{"class":106},"result ",[68,2299,111],{"class":110},[68,2301,2302],{"class":128}," abs",[68,2304,79],{"class":78},[68,2306,175],{"class":138},[68,2308,85],{"class":78},[68,2310,2311],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2312,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,2314,2315,2317,2319,2321],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,2316,129],{"class":128},[68,2318,79],{"class":78},[68,2320,175],{"class":138},[68,2322,85],{"class":78},[68,2324,2325,2327,2329,2332],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,2326,129],{"class":128},[68,2328,79],{"class":78},[68,2330,2331],{"class":138},"result",[68,2333,85],{"class":78},[20,2335,180],{},[59,2337,2339],{"className":61,"code":2338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"-12\n12\n",[15,2340,2341,2347],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2342,2343,2345],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2344,2094],{"class":110},[68,2346,2292],{"class":160},[68,2348,2349],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2350,2292],{"class":160},[20,2352,2353,2354,2356,2357,2360],{},"Notice that ",[15,2355,175],{}," is still ",[15,2358,2359],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2362,2363,2364,2370],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[49,2365,2367,2369],{"href":2366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2368,17],{}," function"," can help.",[93,2372,2374],{"id":2373},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2376,2377],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[59,2379,2381],{"className":61,"code":2380,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2382,2383,2399,2414],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2384,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395,2397],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2386,129],{"class":128},[68,2388,79],{"class":78},[68,2390,2089],{"class":128},[68,2392,79],{"class":78},[68,2394,2094],{"class":110},[68,2396,438],{"class":160},[68,2398,142],{"class":78},[68,2400,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2412],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2402,129],{"class":128},[68,2404,79],{"class":78},[68,2406,2089],{"class":128},[68,2408,79],{"class":78},[68,2410,2411],{"class":160},"8",[68,2413,142],{"class":78},[68,2415,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2429],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2417,129],{"class":128},[68,2419,79],{"class":78},[68,2421,2089],{"class":128},[68,2423,79],{"class":78},[68,2425,2094],{"class":110},[68,2427,2428],{"class":160},"4.2",[68,2430,142],{"class":78},[20,2432,180],{},[59,2434,2436],{"className":61,"code":2435,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2437,2438,2443,2448],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2439,2440],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2441,2442],{"class":160},"10\n",[68,2444,2445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2446,2447],{"class":160},"8\n",[68,2449,2450],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2451,2452],{"class":160},"4.2\n",[20,2454,2455],{},"What each line does:",[33,2457,2458,2465,2472],{},[36,2459,2460,1541,2463],{},[15,2461,2462],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2464,438],{},[36,2466,2467,1541,2470],{},[15,2468,2469],{},"abs(8)",[15,2471,2411],{},[36,2473,2474,1541,2477],{},[15,2475,2476],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2478,2428],{},[20,2480,2481,2482,236],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[49,2483,2485],{"href":2484},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[93,2487,2489],{"id":2488},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2491,2492,2494],{},[15,2493,2053],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2496,2497,2498,2500],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2499,2192],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2502,326],{},[59,2504,2506],{"className":61,"code":2505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2507,2508,2525],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2509,2510,2512,2514,2516,2519,2522],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2511,652],{"class":106},[68,2513,111],{"class":110},[68,2515,480],{"class":160},[68,2517,2518],{"class":110}," +",[68,2520,2521],{"class":160}," 4",[68,2523,2524],{"class":193},"j\n",[68,2526,2527,2529,2531,2533,2535,2537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2528,129],{"class":128},[68,2530,79],{"class":78},[68,2532,2089],{"class":128},[68,2534,79],{"class":78},[68,2536,665],{"class":138},[68,2538,142],{"class":78},[20,2540,180],{},[59,2542,2544],{"className":61,"code":2543,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5.0\n",[15,2545,2546],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2547,2548],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2549,2543],{"class":160},[20,2551,2552,2553,1906],{},"Why ",[15,2554,2555],{},"5.0",[33,2557,2558,2563,2569],{},[36,2559,2560,2561],{},"the real part is ",[15,2562,2135],{},[36,2564,2565,2566],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2567,2568],{},"4",[36,2570,2571,2572],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2573,2555],{},[20,2575,2576],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,2578,2579,2586],{},[36,2580,2581,2583,2584],{},[15,2582,2053],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2585,268],{},[36,2587,2588],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[93,2590,2592],{"id":2591},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2594,2595,2596,236],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2597,2053],{},[1470,2599,2601],{"id":2600},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2603,2604],{},"A very common pattern is:",[59,2606,2608],{"className":61,"code":2607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2609,2610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2611,2612,2614,2616,2619,2621,2624],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2613,2089],{"class":128},[68,2615,79],{"class":78},[68,2617,2618],{"class":138},"a ",[68,2620,2094],{"class":110},[68,2622,2623],{"class":138}," b",[68,2625,85],{"class":78},[20,2627,326],{},[59,2629,2631],{"className":61,"code":2630,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2632,2633,2642,2651,2655,2674],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2634,2635,2637,2639],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2636,2618],{"class":106},[68,2638,111],{"class":110},[68,2640,2641],{"class":160}," 3\n",[68,2643,2644,2647,2649],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2645,2646],{"class":106},"b ",[68,2648,111],{"class":110},[68,2650,161],{"class":160},[68,2652,2653],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2654,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,2656,2657,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670,2672],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,2658,2659],{"class":106},"distance ",[68,2661,111],{"class":110},[68,2663,2302],{"class":128},[68,2665,79],{"class":78},[68,2667,2618],{"class":138},[68,2669,2094],{"class":110},[68,2671,2623],{"class":138},[68,2673,85],{"class":78},[68,2675,2676,2678,2680,2683],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,2677,129],{"class":128},[68,2679,79],{"class":78},[68,2681,2682],{"class":138},"distance",[68,2684,85],{"class":78},[20,2686,180],{},[59,2688,2689],{"className":61,"code":2152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,2690,2691],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2692,2693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2694,2152],{"class":160},[20,2696,2697],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1470,2699,2701],{"id":2700},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[59,2703,2705],{"className":61,"code":2704,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2706,2707,2719],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2708,2709,2712,2714,2716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2710,2711],{"class":106},"temperature_change ",[68,2713,111],{"class":110},[68,2715,2289],{"class":110},[68,2717,2718],{"class":160},"6\n",[68,2720,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729,2732],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2722,129],{"class":128},[68,2724,79],{"class":78},[68,2726,2089],{"class":128},[68,2728,79],{"class":78},[68,2730,2731],{"class":138},"temperature_change",[68,2733,142],{"class":78},[20,2735,180],{},[59,2737,2738],{"className":61,"code":2718,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,2739,2740],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2741,2742],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2743,2718],{"class":160},[20,2745,2746],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1470,2748,2750],{"id":2749},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2752,2753,2754,2370],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2755,2053],{},[59,2757,2759],{"className":61,"code":2758,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2760,2761,2773,2789,2793],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2762,2763,2766,2768,2770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2764,2765],{"class":106},"balance_change ",[68,2767,111],{"class":110},[68,2769,2289],{"class":110},[68,2771,2772],{"class":160},"25\n",[68,2774,2775,2778,2780,2782,2784,2787],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2776,2777],{"class":106},"safe_value ",[68,2779,111],{"class":110},[68,2781,2302],{"class":128},[68,2783,79],{"class":78},[68,2785,2786],{"class":138},"balance_change",[68,2788,85],{"class":78},[68,2790,2791],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2792,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,2794,2795,2797,2799,2802],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,2796,129],{"class":128},[68,2798,79],{"class":78},[68,2800,2801],{"class":138},"safe_value",[68,2803,85],{"class":78},[20,2805,180],{},[59,2807,2808],{"className":61,"code":2772,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,2809,2810],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2811,2812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2813,2772],{"class":160},[1470,2815,2817],{"id":2816},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[59,2819,2821],{"className":61,"code":2820,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2822,2823,2833,2843,2847,2867],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2824,2825,2828,2830],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2826,2827],{"class":106},"guess ",[68,2829,111],{"class":110},[68,2831,2832],{"class":160}," 42\n",[68,2834,2835,2838,2840],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2836,2837],{"class":106},"target ",[68,2839,111],{"class":110},[68,2841,2842],{"class":160}," 50\n",[68,2844,2845],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,2846,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,2848,2849,2852,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2865],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,2850,2851],{"class":106},"difference ",[68,2853,111],{"class":110},[68,2855,2302],{"class":128},[68,2857,79],{"class":78},[68,2859,2827],{"class":138},[68,2861,2094],{"class":110},[68,2863,2864],{"class":138}," target",[68,2866,85],{"class":78},[68,2868,2869,2871,2873,2876],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,2870,129],{"class":128},[68,2872,79],{"class":78},[68,2874,2875],{"class":138},"difference",[68,2877,85],{"class":78},[20,2879,180],{},[59,2881,2882],{"className":61,"code":2447,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,2883,2884],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2885,2886],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2887,2447],{"class":160},[20,2889,2890],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[93,2892,1750],{"id":1749},[1470,2894,2896],{"id":2895},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2898,2899],{},"This causes an error:",[59,2901,2903],{"className":61,"code":2902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2904,2905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2906,2907,2909,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2908,129],{"class":128},[68,2910,79],{"class":78},[68,2912,2089],{"class":128},[68,2914,79],{"class":78},[68,2916,344],{"class":114},[68,2918,1497],{"class":118},[68,2920,344],{"class":114},[68,2922,142],{"class":78},[20,2924,2925,2928,2929,2931],{},[15,2926,2927],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2930,2053],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2933,2934,2935,384,2939,503],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[49,2936,2937],{"href":946},[15,2938,949],{},[49,2940,2941],{"href":952},[15,2942,955],{},[59,2944,2946],{"className":61,"code":2945,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2947,2948,2971],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,2949,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,2951,129],{"class":128},[68,2953,79],{"class":78},[68,2955,2089],{"class":128},[68,2957,79],{"class":78},[68,2959,217],{"class":74},[68,2961,79],{"class":78},[68,2963,344],{"class":114},[68,2965,1497],{"class":118},[68,2967,344],{"class":114},[68,2969,2970],{"class":78},")))\n",[68,2972,2973,2975,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2990,2992],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,2974,129],{"class":128},[68,2976,79],{"class":78},[68,2978,2089],{"class":128},[68,2980,79],{"class":78},[68,2982,268],{"class":74},[68,2984,79],{"class":78},[68,2986,344],{"class":114},[68,2988,2989],{"class":118},"-3.2",[68,2991,344],{"class":114},[68,2993,2970],{"class":78},[20,2995,180],{},[59,2997,2999],{"className":61,"code":2998,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3000,3001,3006],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3002,3003],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3004,3005],{"class":160},"5\n",[68,3007,3008],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3009,3010],{"class":160},"3.2\n",[20,3012,3013,3014,3016,3017,236],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3015,54],{}," always returns a string. See ",[49,3018,3020],{"href":3019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1470,3022,3024],{"id":3023},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3026,3027],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[59,3029,3031],{"className":61,"code":3030,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3032,3033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3034,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3036,129],{"class":128},[68,3038,79],{"class":78},[68,3040,2089],{"class":128},[68,3042,466],{"class":78},[68,3044,469],{"class":160},[68,3046,472],{"class":78},[68,3048,475],{"class":160},[68,3050,472],{"class":78},[68,3052,480],{"class":160},[68,3054,483],{"class":78},[20,3056,3057,3058,3061],{},"This raises a ",[15,3059,3060],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1470,3063,3065],{"id":3064},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3067,3068,3070],{},[15,3069,2053],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[59,3072,3074],{"className":61,"code":3073,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3075,3076,3088,3098,3102],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3077,3078,3081,3083,3085],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3079,3080],{"class":106},"x ",[68,3082,111],{"class":110},[68,3084,2289],{"class":110},[68,3086,3087],{"class":160},"9\n",[68,3089,3090,3092,3094,3096],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3091,2089],{"class":128},[68,3093,79],{"class":78},[68,3095,2245],{"class":138},[68,3097,85],{"class":78},[68,3099,3100],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3101,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,3103,3104,3106,3108,3110],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,3105,129],{"class":128},[68,3107,79],{"class":78},[68,3109,2245],{"class":138},[68,3111,85],{"class":78},[20,3113,180],{},[59,3115,3117],{"className":61,"code":3116,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"-9\n",[15,3118,3119],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3120,3121,3123],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3122,2094],{"class":110},[68,3124,3087],{"class":160},[20,3126,3127],{},"If you want to store the result:",[59,3129,3131],{"className":61,"code":3130,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3132,3133,3143,3157,3161],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3134,3135,3137,3139,3141],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3136,3080],{"class":106},[68,3138,111],{"class":110},[68,3140,2289],{"class":110},[68,3142,3087],{"class":160},[68,3144,3145,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3146,3080],{"class":106},[68,3148,111],{"class":110},[68,3150,2302],{"class":128},[68,3152,79],{"class":78},[68,3154,2245],{"class":138},[68,3156,85],{"class":78},[68,3158,3159],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3160,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,3162,3163,3165,3167,3169],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,3164,129],{"class":128},[68,3166,79],{"class":78},[68,3168,2245],{"class":138},[68,3170,85],{"class":78},[20,3172,180],{},[59,3174,3175],{"className":61,"code":3087,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,3176,3177],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3178,3179],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3180,3087],{"class":160},[1470,3182,3184],{"id":3183},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3186,3187,3189],{},[15,3188,2053],{}," does not round numbers.",[59,3191,3193],{"className":61,"code":3192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3194,3195],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3196,3197,3199,3201,3203,3205,3207,3210],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3198,129],{"class":128},[68,3200,79],{"class":78},[68,3202,2089],{"class":128},[68,3204,79],{"class":78},[68,3206,2094],{"class":110},[68,3208,3209],{"class":160},"4.7",[68,3211,142],{"class":78},[20,3213,180],{},[59,3215,3217],{"className":61,"code":3216,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"4.7\n",[15,3218,3219],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3220,3221],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3222,3216],{"class":160},[20,3224,3225,3226,3228,3229,3231],{},"If you expected ",[15,3227,1497],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3230,2053],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[93,3233,3235],{"id":3234},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3237,3238,3240],{},[15,3239,2053],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,3242,3243,3250,3257],{},[36,3244,3245,3247,3248],{},[15,3246,217],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3249,217],{},[36,3251,3252,3254,3255],{},[15,3253,268],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3256,268],{},[36,3258,3259,3254,3261],{},[15,3260,2264],{},[15,3262,268],{},[20,3264,326],{},[59,3266,3268],{"className":61,"code":3267,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3269,3270,3290,3311],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3271,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280,3282,3284,3286,3288],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3273,129],{"class":128},[68,3275,79],{"class":78},[68,3277,75],{"class":74},[68,3279,79],{"class":78},[68,3281,2089],{"class":128},[68,3283,79],{"class":78},[68,3285,2094],{"class":110},[68,3287,1497],{"class":160},[68,3289,2970],{"class":78},[68,3291,3292,3294,3296,3298,3300,3302,3304,3306,3309],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3293,129],{"class":128},[68,3295,79],{"class":78},[68,3297,75],{"class":74},[68,3299,79],{"class":78},[68,3301,2089],{"class":128},[68,3303,79],{"class":78},[68,3305,2094],{"class":110},[68,3307,3308],{"class":160},"3.2",[68,3310,2970],{"class":78},[68,3312,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331,3333],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3314,129],{"class":128},[68,3316,79],{"class":78},[68,3318,75],{"class":74},[68,3320,79],{"class":78},[68,3322,2089],{"class":128},[68,3324,79],{"class":78},[68,3326,2135],{"class":160},[68,3328,2518],{"class":110},[68,3330,2521],{"class":160},[68,3332,2138],{"class":193},[68,3334,2970],{"class":78},[20,3336,180],{},[59,3338,3340],{"className":61,"code":3339,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3341,3342,3356,3370],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3343,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352,3354],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3345,190],{"class":110},[68,3347,194],{"class":193},[68,3349,197],{"class":114},[68,3351,217],{"class":118},[68,3353,203],{"class":114},[68,3355,206],{"class":110},[68,3357,3358,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3359,190],{"class":110},[68,3361,194],{"class":193},[68,3363,197],{"class":114},[68,3365,268],{"class":118},[68,3367,203],{"class":114},[68,3369,206],{"class":110},[68,3371,3372,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3373,190],{"class":110},[68,3375,194],{"class":193},[68,3377,197],{"class":114},[68,3379,268],{"class":118},[68,3381,203],{"class":114},[68,3383,206],{"class":110},[20,3385,3386],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3388,3389],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3391,3392],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[59,3394,3396],{"className":61,"code":3395,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3397,3398,3411,3421,3435,3439,3452],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3399,3400,3402,3404,3406,3409],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3401,652],{"class":106},[68,3403,111],{"class":110},[68,3405,115],{"class":114},[68,3407,3408],{"class":118},"-5",[68,3410,122],{"class":114},[68,3412,3413,3415,3417,3419],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3414,129],{"class":128},[68,3416,79],{"class":78},[68,3418,665],{"class":138},[68,3420,85],{"class":78},[68,3422,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3424,129],{"class":128},[68,3426,79],{"class":78},[68,3428,75],{"class":74},[68,3430,79],{"class":78},[68,3432,665],{"class":138},[68,3434,142],{"class":78},[68,3436,3437],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,3438,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,3440,3441,3443,3445,3447,3450],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,3442,830],{"class":106},[68,3444,111],{"class":110},[68,3446,115],{"class":114},[68,3448,3449],{"class":118},"-3.7",[68,3451,122],{"class":114},[68,3453,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,3455,129],{"class":128},[68,3457,79],{"class":78},[68,3459,2089],{"class":128},[68,3461,79],{"class":78},[68,3463,268],{"class":74},[68,3465,79],{"class":78},[68,3467,859],{"class":138},[68,3469,2970],{"class":78},[20,3471,180],{},[59,3473,3475],{"className":61,"code":3474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3476,3477,3483,3497],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3478,3479,3481],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3480,2094],{"class":110},[68,3482,3005],{"class":160},[68,3484,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493,3495],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3486,190],{"class":110},[68,3488,194],{"class":193},[68,3490,197],{"class":114},[68,3492,200],{"class":118},[68,3494,203],{"class":114},[68,3496,206],{"class":110},[68,3498,3499],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3500,3501],{"class":160},"3.7\n",[93,3503,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,3505,3507],{"id":3506},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3509,3510],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1470,3512,3514],{"id":3513},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3516,3517],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1470,3519,3521],{"id":3520},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3523,3524],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1470,3526,3528],{"id":3527},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3530,3531,3533,3534,384,3536,3538,3539,236],{},[15,3532,54],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3535,949],{},[15,3537,955],{}," before using ",[15,3540,2053],{},[1470,3542,3544],{"id":3543},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3546,3547],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[93,3549,1952],{"id":1951},[33,3551,3552,3558,3564,3570,3575],{},[36,3553,3554],{},[49,3555,3556,1151],{"href":946},[15,3557,949],{},[36,3559,3560],{},[49,3561,3562,1151],{"href":952},[15,3563,955],{},[36,3565,3566],{},[49,3567,3568,1151],{"href":2366},[15,3569,17],{},[36,3571,3572],{},[49,3573,3574],{"href":3019},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,3576,3577],{},[49,3578,2485],{"href":2484},[1995,3580,3581],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":3583},[3584,3585,3586,3587,3588,3589,3595,3601,3602,3609],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":2170,"depth":125,"text":2171},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":2373,"depth":125,"text":2374},{"id":2488,"depth":125,"text":2489},{"id":2591,"depth":125,"text":2592,"children":3590},[3591,3592,3593,3594],{"id":2600,"depth":145,"text":2601},{"id":2700,"depth":145,"text":2701},{"id":2749,"depth":145,"text":2750},{"id":2816,"depth":145,"text":2817},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":3596},[3597,3598,3599,3600],{"id":2895,"depth":145,"text":2896},{"id":3023,"depth":145,"text":3024},{"id":3064,"depth":145,"text":3065},{"id":3183,"depth":145,"text":3184},{"id":3234,"depth":125,"text":3235},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":3603},[3604,3605,3606,3607,3608],{"id":3506,"depth":145,"text":3507},{"id":3513,"depth":145,"text":3514},{"id":3520,"depth":145,"text":3521},{"id":3527,"depth":145,"text":3528},{"id":3543,"depth":145,"text":3544},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2042,"description":3610},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3617,"title":3618,"body":3619,"description":5313,"extension":2033,"meta":5314,"navigation":148,"path":5315,"seo":5316,"stem":5317,"__hash__":5318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3620,"toc":5277},[3621,3627,3633,3636,3652,3654,3710,3719,3726,3730,3749,3752,3769,3772,3776,3784,3801,3804,3844,3847,3854,3860,3934,3936,3967,3973,3977,3981,4020,4022,4030,4037,4041,4080,4082,4091,4101,4105,4161,4163,4171,4174,4177,4224,4226,4234,4240,4247,4252,4255,4258,4325,4327,4335,4338,4405,4407,4415,4429,4432,4443,4447,4453,4456,4458,4474,4476,4484,4487,4490,4493,4510,4513,4516,4546,4548,4560,4564,4568,4571,4586,4591,4594,4621,4628,4631,4671,4677,4683,4691,4694,4746,4753,4818,4823,4832,4835,4853,4859,4862,5004,5009,5014,5017,5028,5031,5086,5088,5096,5099,5158,5160,5168,5171,5182,5184,5189,5198,5206,5209,5215,5218,5227,5240,5242,5274],[10,3622,13,3624,18],{"id":3623},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3625,3626],{},"all()",[20,3628,3629,3630,3632],{},"Python’s ",[15,3631,3626],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3634,3635],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,3637,3638,3641,3644],{},[36,3639,3640],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,3642,3643],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,3645,3646,1541,3649,3651],{},[15,3647,3648],{},"all([])",[15,3650,290],{},", which often seems strange at first",[93,3653,96],{"id":95},[59,3655,3657],{"className":61,"code":3656,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3658,3659,3680,3696],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3660,3661,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3662,3663],{"class":106},"numbers ",[68,3665,111],{"class":110},[68,3667,725],{"class":78},[68,3669,469],{"class":160},[68,3671,472],{"class":78},[68,3673,475],{"class":160},[68,3675,472],{"class":78},[68,3677,480],{"class":160},[68,3679,730],{"class":78},[68,3681,3682,3684,3686,3689,3691,3694],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3683,2297],{"class":106},[68,3685,111],{"class":110},[68,3687,3688],{"class":128}," all",[68,3690,79],{"class":78},[68,3692,3693],{"class":138},"numbers",[68,3695,85],{"class":78},[68,3697,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3699,129],{"class":128},[68,3701,79],{"class":78},[68,3703,2331],{"class":138},[68,3705,1701],{"class":78},[68,3707,3709],{"class":3708},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3711,3712,1541,3714,3716,3717,236],{},[15,3713,3626],{},[15,3715,290],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3718,293],{},[93,3720,3722,3723,3725],{"id":3721},"what-all-does","What ",[15,3724,3626],{}," does",[20,3727,3728,503],{},[15,3729,3626],{},[33,3731,3732,3735,3741,3746],{},[36,3733,3734],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,3736,3737,3738,3740],{},"returns ",[15,3739,290],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,3742,3737,3743,3745],{},[15,3744,293],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,3747,3748],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3750,3751],{},"Basic syntax:",[59,3753,3755],{"className":61,"code":3754,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3756,3757],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3758,3759,3762,3764,3767],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3760,3761],{"class":128},"all",[68,3763,79],{"class":78},[68,3765,3766],{"class":138},"iterable",[68,3768,85],{"class":78},[20,3770,3771],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[93,3773,3775],{"id":3774},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3777,3778,3779,384,3781,3783],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3780,290],{},[15,3782,293],{}," in conditions.",[33,3785,3786,3794],{},[36,3787,3788,3791,3792],{},[1301,3789,3790],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3793,290],{},[36,3795,3796,3791,3799],{},[1301,3797,3798],{},"Falsy",[15,3800,293],{},[20,3802,3803],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,3805,3806,3810,3815,3820,3825,3829,3834,3839],{},[36,3807,3808],{},[15,3809,2192],{},[36,3811,3812],{},[15,3813,3814],{},"0.0",[36,3816,3817],{},[15,3818,3819],{},"''",[36,3821,3822],{},[15,3823,3824],{},"None",[36,3826,3827],{},[15,3828,293],{},[36,3830,3831],{},[15,3832,3833],{},"[]",[36,3835,3836],{},[15,3837,3838],{},"{}",[36,3840,3841],{},[15,3842,3843],{},"set()",[20,3845,3846],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3848,3849,3850,236],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[49,3851,3853],{"href":3852},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3855,3856,3857,503],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3858,3859],{},"bool()",[59,3861,3863],{"className":61,"code":3862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3864,3865,3901,3905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3866,3867,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878,3881,3883,3886,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896,3899],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3868,3869],{"class":106},"values ",[68,3871,111],{"class":110},[68,3873,725],{"class":78},[68,3875,469],{"class":160},[68,3877,472],{"class":78},[68,3879,3880],{"class":160}," 0",[68,3882,472],{"class":78},[68,3884,3885],{"class":114}," ''",[68,3887,472],{"class":78},[68,3889,197],{"class":114},[68,3891,347],{"class":118},[68,3893,203],{"class":114},[68,3895,472],{"class":78},[68,3897,3898],{"class":526}," None",[68,3900,730],{"class":78},[68,3902,3903],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,3904,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,3906,3907,3909,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3922,3925,3928,3931],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,3908,129],{"class":128},[68,3910,466],{"class":78},[68,3912,286],{"class":74},[68,3914,79],{"class":78},[68,3916,2245],{"class":138},[68,3918,1701],{"class":78},[68,3920,3921],{"class":1098}," for",[68,3923,3924],{"class":138}," x ",[68,3926,3927],{"class":1098},"in",[68,3929,3930],{"class":138}," values",[68,3932,3933],{"class":78},"])\n",[20,3935,180],{},[59,3937,3939],{"className":61,"code":3938,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3940,3941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3942,3943,3945,3947,3949,3952,3954,3956,3958,3961,3963,3965],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3944,795],{"class":78},[68,3946,290],{"class":526},[68,3948,472],{"class":78},[68,3950,3951],{"class":526}," False",[68,3953,472],{"class":78},[68,3955,3951],{"class":526},[68,3957,472],{"class":78},[68,3959,3960],{"class":526}," True",[68,3962,472],{"class":78},[68,3964,3951],{"class":526},[68,3966,730],{"class":78},[20,3968,3969,3970,3972],{},"This matters because ",[15,3971,3626],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[93,3974,3976],{"id":3975},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1470,3978,3980],{"id":3979},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[59,3982,3984],{"className":61,"code":3983,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3985,3986,4006],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,3987,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,3989,3663],{"class":106},[68,3991,111],{"class":110},[68,3993,725],{"class":78},[68,3995,469],{"class":160},[68,3997,472],{"class":78},[68,3999,475],{"class":160},[68,4001,472],{"class":78},[68,4003,480],{"class":160},[68,4005,730],{"class":78},[68,4007,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4009,129],{"class":128},[68,4011,79],{"class":78},[68,4013,3761],{"class":128},[68,4015,79],{"class":78},[68,4017,3693],{"class":138},[68,4019,142],{"class":78},[20,4021,180],{},[59,4023,4024],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4025,4026],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4027,4028],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4029,1070],{"class":526},[20,4031,4032,4033,1541,4035,236],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4034,3626],{},[15,4036,290],{},[1470,4038,4040],{"id":4039},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[59,4042,4044],{"className":61,"code":4043,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4045,4046,4066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4047,4048,4050,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060,4062,4064],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4049,3663],{"class":106},[68,4051,111],{"class":110},[68,4053,725],{"class":78},[68,4055,469],{"class":160},[68,4057,472],{"class":78},[68,4059,3880],{"class":160},[68,4061,472],{"class":78},[68,4063,480],{"class":160},[68,4065,730],{"class":78},[68,4067,4068,4070,4072,4074,4076,4078],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4069,129],{"class":128},[68,4071,79],{"class":78},[68,4073,3761],{"class":128},[68,4075,79],{"class":78},[68,4077,3693],{"class":138},[68,4079,142],{"class":78},[20,4081,180],{},[59,4083,4085],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"False\n",[15,4086,4087],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4088,4089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4090,4084],{"class":526},[20,4092,4093,4094,4096,4097,1541,4099,236],{},"The value ",[15,4095,2192],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4098,3626],{},[15,4100,293],{},[1470,4102,4104],{"id":4103},"example-strings","Example: strings",[59,4106,4108],{"className":61,"code":4107,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4109,4110,4146],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4111,4112,4115,4117,4119,4121,4124,4126,4128,4130,4133,4135,4137,4139,4142,4144],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4113,4114],{"class":106},"words ",[68,4116,111],{"class":110},[68,4118,725],{"class":78},[68,4120,203],{"class":114},[68,4122,4123],{"class":118},"apple",[68,4125,203],{"class":114},[68,4127,472],{"class":78},[68,4129,197],{"class":114},[68,4131,4132],{"class":118},"banana",[68,4134,203],{"class":114},[68,4136,472],{"class":78},[68,4138,197],{"class":114},[68,4140,4141],{"class":118},"cherry",[68,4143,203],{"class":114},[68,4145,730],{"class":78},[68,4147,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4159],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4149,129],{"class":128},[68,4151,79],{"class":78},[68,4153,3761],{"class":128},[68,4155,79],{"class":78},[68,4157,4158],{"class":138},"words",[68,4160,142],{"class":78},[20,4162,180],{},[59,4164,4165],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4166,4167],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4168,4169],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4170,1070],{"class":526},[20,4172,4173],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4175,4176],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[59,4178,4180],{"className":61,"code":4179,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4181,4182,4210],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4183,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4185,4114],{"class":106},[68,4187,111],{"class":110},[68,4189,725],{"class":78},[68,4191,203],{"class":114},[68,4193,4123],{"class":118},[68,4195,203],{"class":114},[68,4197,472],{"class":78},[68,4199,3885],{"class":114},[68,4201,472],{"class":78},[68,4203,197],{"class":114},[68,4205,4141],{"class":118},[68,4207,203],{"class":114},[68,4209,730],{"class":78},[68,4211,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4213,129],{"class":128},[68,4215,79],{"class":78},[68,4217,3761],{"class":128},[68,4219,79],{"class":78},[68,4221,4158],{"class":138},[68,4223,142],{"class":78},[20,4225,180],{},[59,4227,4228],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4229,4230],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4231,4232],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4233,4084],{"class":526},[20,4235,4236,4237,4239],{},"The empty string ",[15,4238,3819],{}," is falsy.",[93,4241,4243,4244,4246],{"id":4242},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4245,3626],{}," works with conditions",[20,4248,4249,4251],{},[15,4250,3626],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4253,4254],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4256,4257],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[59,4259,4261],{"className":61,"code":4260,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4262,4263,4283,4311,4315],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4264,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4266,3663],{"class":106},[68,4268,111],{"class":110},[68,4270,725],{"class":78},[68,4272,469],{"class":160},[68,4274,472],{"class":78},[68,4276,475],{"class":160},[68,4278,472],{"class":78},[68,4280,480],{"class":160},[68,4282,730],{"class":78},[68,4284,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4309],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4286,2297],{"class":106},[68,4288,111],{"class":110},[68,4290,3688],{"class":128},[68,4292,79],{"class":78},[68,4294,3080],{"class":138},[68,4296,4297],{"class":110},">",[68,4299,3880],{"class":160},[68,4301,3921],{"class":1098},[68,4303,3924],{"class":138},[68,4305,3927],{"class":1098},[68,4307,4308],{"class":138}," numbers",[68,4310,85],{"class":78},[68,4312,4313],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,4314,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,4316,4317,4319,4321,4323],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,4318,129],{"class":128},[68,4320,79],{"class":78},[68,4322,2331],{"class":138},[68,4324,85],{"class":78},[20,4326,180],{},[59,4328,4329],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4330,4331],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4332,4333],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4334,1070],{"class":526},[20,4336,4337],{},"Here is one that fails:",[59,4339,4341],{"className":61,"code":4340,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4342,4343,4365,4391,4395],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4344,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4346,3663],{"class":106},[68,4348,111],{"class":110},[68,4350,725],{"class":78},[68,4352,469],{"class":160},[68,4354,472],{"class":78},[68,4356,2289],{"class":110},[68,4358,2129],{"class":160},[68,4360,472],{"class":78},[68,4362,480],{"class":160},[68,4364,730],{"class":78},[68,4366,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4368,2297],{"class":106},[68,4370,111],{"class":110},[68,4372,3688],{"class":128},[68,4374,79],{"class":78},[68,4376,3080],{"class":138},[68,4378,4297],{"class":110},[68,4380,3880],{"class":160},[68,4382,3921],{"class":1098},[68,4384,3924],{"class":138},[68,4386,3927],{"class":1098},[68,4388,4308],{"class":138},[68,4390,85],{"class":78},[68,4392,4393],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,4394,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,4396,4397,4399,4401,4403],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,4398,129],{"class":128},[68,4400,79],{"class":78},[68,4402,2331],{"class":138},[68,4404,85],{"class":78},[20,4406,180],{},[59,4408,4409],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4410,4411],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4412,4413],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4414,4084],{"class":526},[20,4416,4417,4418,4421,4422,4424,4425,1541,4427,236],{},"The expression ",[15,4419,4420],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4423,290],{},", then ",[15,4426,3626],{},[15,4428,290],{},[20,4430,4431],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4433,4434,4435,232,4439,236],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[49,4436,4438],{"href":4437},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[49,4440,4442],{"href":4441},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[93,4444,4446],{"id":4445},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4448,4449,1541,4451,236],{},[15,4450,3648],{},[15,4452,290],{},[20,4454,4455],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4457,326],{},[59,4459,4461],{"className":61,"code":4460,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4462,4463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4464,4465,4467,4469,4471],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4466,129],{"class":128},[68,4468,79],{"class":78},[68,4470,3761],{"class":128},[68,4472,4473],{"class":78},"([]))\n",[20,4475,180],{},[59,4477,4478],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4479,4480],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4481,4482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4483,1070],{"class":526},[20,4485,4486],{},"Why?",[20,4488,4489],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4491,4492],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,4494,4495,4502,4505],{},[36,4496,4497,1541,4499,4501],{},[15,4498,3626],{},[15,4500,293],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,4503,4504],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,4506,4507,4508],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4509,293],{},[20,4511,4512],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4514,4515],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[59,4517,4519],{"className":61,"code":4518,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4520,4521,4532],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4522,4523,4525,4527,4529],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4524,129],{"class":128},[68,4526,79],{"class":78},[68,4528,3761],{"class":128},[68,4530,4531],{"class":78},"(()))\n",[68,4533,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4535,129],{"class":128},[68,4537,79],{"class":78},[68,4539,3761],{"class":128},[68,4541,79],{"class":78},[68,4543,3819],{"class":114},[68,4545,142],{"class":78},[20,4547,180],{},[59,4549,4550],{"className":61,"code":1730,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4551,4552,4556],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4553,4554],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4555,1070],{"class":526},[68,4557,4558],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4559,1070],{"class":526},[93,4561,4563],{"id":4562},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1470,4565,4567],{"id":4566},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4569,4570],{},"This is wrong:",[59,4572,4574],{"className":61,"code":4573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4575,4576,4581],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4577,4578],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4579,4580],{"class":3708},"# Wrong\n",[68,4582,4583],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4584,4585],{"class":3708},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4587,4588,4590],{},[15,4589,3626],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4592,4593],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[59,4595,4597],{"className":61,"code":4596,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4598,4599],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4600,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4602,129],{"class":128},[68,4604,79],{"class":78},[68,4606,3761],{"class":128},[68,4608,466],{"class":78},[68,4610,469],{"class":160},[68,4612,472],{"class":78},[68,4614,475],{"class":160},[68,4616,472],{"class":78},[68,4618,480],{"class":160},[68,4620,483],{"class":78},[1470,4622,4624,4625,4627],{"id":4623},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4626,3626],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4629,4630],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[59,4632,4634],{"className":61,"code":4633,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4635,4636,4657],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4637,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4651,4653,4655],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4639,3663],{"class":106},[68,4641,111],{"class":110},[68,4643,725],{"class":78},[68,4645,1497],{"class":160},[68,4647,472],{"class":78},[68,4649,4650],{"class":160}," 5",[68,4652,472],{"class":78},[68,4654,4650],{"class":160},[68,4656,730],{"class":78},[68,4658,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667,4669],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4660,129],{"class":128},[68,4662,79],{"class":78},[68,4664,3761],{"class":128},[68,4666,79],{"class":78},[68,4668,3693],{"class":138},[68,4670,142],{"class":78},[20,4672,4673,4674,4676],{},"This does ",[1301,4675,1303],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4678,4679,4680,4682],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4681,1497],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[59,4684,4685],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,4686,4687],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4688,4689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4690,1070],{"class":526},[20,4692,4693],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[59,4695,4697],{"className":61,"code":4696,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4698,4699,4719],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4700,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4702,3663],{"class":106},[68,4704,111],{"class":110},[68,4706,725],{"class":78},[68,4708,1497],{"class":160},[68,4710,472],{"class":78},[68,4712,4650],{"class":160},[68,4714,472],{"class":78},[68,4716,4650],{"class":160},[68,4718,730],{"class":78},[68,4720,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4722,129],{"class":128},[68,4724,79],{"class":78},[68,4726,3761],{"class":128},[68,4728,79],{"class":78},[68,4730,3080],{"class":138},[68,4732,4733],{"class":110},"==",[68,4735,4650],{"class":160},[68,4737,3921],{"class":1098},[68,4739,3924],{"class":138},[68,4741,3927],{"class":1098},[68,4743,4308],{"class":138},[68,4745,142],{"class":78},[1470,4747,4749,4750,4752],{"id":4748},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4751,2192],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[59,4754,4756],{"className":61,"code":4755,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4757,4758,4784],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4759,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4781],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4761,129],{"class":128},[68,4763,79],{"class":78},[68,4765,3761],{"class":128},[68,4767,466],{"class":78},[68,4769,469],{"class":160},[68,4771,472],{"class":78},[68,4773,475],{"class":160},[68,4775,472],{"class":78},[68,4777,3880],{"class":160},[68,4779,4780],{"class":78},"]))",[68,4782,4783],{"class":3708},"       # False\n",[68,4785,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4787,129],{"class":128},[68,4789,79],{"class":78},[68,4791,3761],{"class":128},[68,4793,466],{"class":78},[68,4795,203],{"class":114},[68,4797,49],{"class":118},[68,4799,203],{"class":114},[68,4801,472],{"class":78},[68,4803,197],{"class":114},[68,4805,4806],{"class":118},"b",[68,4808,203],{"class":114},[68,4810,472],{"class":78},[68,4812,3885],{"class":114},[68,4814,4780],{"class":78},[68,4816,4817],{"class":3708},"  # False\n",[20,4819,4820,4821,236],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4822,293],{},[1470,4824,4826,4827,4829,4830],{"id":4825},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4828,3648],{}," is ",[15,4831,290],{},[20,4833,4834],{},"This is expected behavior:",[59,4836,4838],{"className":61,"code":4837,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4839,4840],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4841,4842,4844,4846,4848,4851],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4843,129],{"class":128},[68,4845,79],{"class":78},[68,4847,3761],{"class":128},[68,4849,4850],{"class":78},"([]))",[68,4852,3709],{"class":3708},[20,4854,4855,4856,4858],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4857,290],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4860,4861],{},"Useful quick tests:",[59,4863,4865],{"className":61,"code":4864,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4866,4867,4889,4911,4958,4994],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,4868,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,4870,129],{"class":128},[68,4872,79],{"class":78},[68,4874,3761],{"class":128},[68,4876,466],{"class":78},[68,4878,469],{"class":160},[68,4880,472],{"class":78},[68,4882,475],{"class":160},[68,4884,472],{"class":78},[68,4886,480],{"class":160},[68,4888,483],{"class":78},[68,4890,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,4892,129],{"class":128},[68,4894,79],{"class":78},[68,4896,3761],{"class":128},[68,4898,466],{"class":78},[68,4900,469],{"class":160},[68,4902,472],{"class":78},[68,4904,3880],{"class":160},[68,4906,472],{"class":78},[68,4908,480],{"class":160},[68,4910,483],{"class":78},[68,4912,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,4914,129],{"class":128},[68,4916,466],{"class":78},[68,4918,286],{"class":74},[68,4920,79],{"class":78},[68,4922,2245],{"class":138},[68,4924,1701],{"class":78},[68,4926,3921],{"class":1098},[68,4928,3924],{"class":138},[68,4930,3927],{"class":1098},[68,4932,725],{"class":78},[68,4934,469],{"class":160},[68,4936,472],{"class":78},[68,4938,3880],{"class":160},[68,4940,472],{"class":78},[68,4942,3885],{"class":114},[68,4944,472],{"class":78},[68,4946,197],{"class":114},[68,4948,347],{"class":118},[68,4950,203],{"class":114},[68,4952,472],{"class":78},[68,4954,3898],{"class":526},[68,4956,4957],{"class":78},"]])\n",[68,4959,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,4961,129],{"class":128},[68,4963,79],{"class":78},[68,4965,3761],{"class":128},[68,4967,79],{"class":78},[68,4969,3080],{"class":138},[68,4971,4297],{"class":110},[68,4973,3880],{"class":160},[68,4975,3921],{"class":1098},[68,4977,3924],{"class":138},[68,4979,3927],{"class":1098},[68,4981,725],{"class":78},[68,4983,469],{"class":160},[68,4985,472],{"class":78},[68,4987,475],{"class":160},[68,4989,472],{"class":78},[68,4991,480],{"class":160},[68,4993,483],{"class":78},[68,4995,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,4997,129],{"class":128},[68,4999,79],{"class":78},[68,5001,3761],{"class":128},[68,5003,4473],{"class":78},[93,5005,1311,5007],{"id":5006},"when-to-use-all",[15,5008,3626],{},[20,5010,5011,5013],{},[15,5012,3626],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5015,5016],{},"Common use cases:",[33,5018,5019,5022,5025],{},[36,5020,5021],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,5023,5024],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,5026,5027],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5029,5030],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[59,5032,5034],{"className":61,"code":5033,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5035,5036,5071],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5037,5038,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5058,5060,5062,5064,5067,5069],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5039,5040],{"class":106},"names ",[68,5042,111],{"class":110},[68,5044,725],{"class":78},[68,5046,203],{"class":114},[68,5048,119],{"class":118},[68,5050,203],{"class":114},[68,5052,472],{"class":78},[68,5054,197],{"class":114},[68,5056,5057],{"class":118},"Bob",[68,5059,203],{"class":114},[68,5061,472],{"class":78},[68,5063,197],{"class":114},[68,5065,5066],{"class":118},"Charlie",[68,5068,203],{"class":114},[68,5070,730],{"class":78},[68,5072,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5084],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5074,129],{"class":128},[68,5076,79],{"class":78},[68,5078,3761],{"class":128},[68,5080,79],{"class":78},[68,5082,5083],{"class":138},"names",[68,5085,142],{"class":78},[20,5087,180],{},[59,5089,5090],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,5091,5092],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5093,5094],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5095,1070],{"class":526},[20,5097,5098],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[59,5100,5102],{"className":61,"code":5101,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5103,5104,5128],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5105,5106,5109,5111,5113,5116,5118,5121,5123,5126],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5107,5108],{"class":106},"scores ",[68,5110,111],{"class":110},[68,5112,725],{"class":78},[68,5114,5115],{"class":160},"75",[68,5117,472],{"class":78},[68,5119,5120],{"class":160}," 80",[68,5122,472],{"class":78},[68,5124,5125],{"class":160}," 50",[68,5127,730],{"class":78},[68,5129,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5141,5144,5146,5148,5151,5153,5156],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5131,129],{"class":128},[68,5133,79],{"class":78},[68,5135,3761],{"class":128},[68,5137,79],{"class":78},[68,5139,5140],{"class":138},"score ",[68,5142,5143],{"class":110},">=",[68,5145,5125],{"class":160},[68,5147,3921],{"class":1098},[68,5149,5150],{"class":138}," score ",[68,5152,3927],{"class":1098},[68,5154,5155],{"class":138}," scores",[68,5157,142],{"class":78},[20,5159,180],{},[59,5161,5162],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,5163,5164],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5165,5166],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5167,1070],{"class":526},[20,5169,5170],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5172,5173,5174,232,5178,236],{},"For related tasks, see ",[49,5175,5177],{"href":5176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[49,5179,5181],{"href":5180},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[93,5183,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,5185,1878,5187,1881],{"id":5186},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5188,3626],{},[20,5190,5191,5192,5194,5195,5197],{},"It returns ",[15,5193,290],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5196,293],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1470,5199,1919,5201,5203,5204,1906],{"id":5200},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5202,3648],{}," return ",[15,5205,290],{},[20,5207,5208],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1470,5210,1939,5212,5214],{"id":5211},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5213,3626],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5216,5217],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1470,5219,5221,5222,232,5224,1906],{"id":5220},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5223,3626],{},[15,5225,5226],{},"any()",[20,5228,5229,5231,5232,5234,5235,236],{},[15,5230,3626],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5233,5226],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[49,5236,13,5238,1151],{"href":5237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5239,5226],{},[93,5241,1952],{"id":1951},[33,5243,5244,5250,5254,5259,5264,5269],{},[36,5245,5246],{},[49,5247,13,5248,1151],{"href":5237},[15,5249,5226],{},[36,5251,5252],{},[49,5253,3853],{"href":3852},[36,5255,5256],{},[49,5257,5258],{"href":5180},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,5260,5261],{},[49,5262,5263],{"href":5176},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,5265,5266],{},[49,5267,5268],{"href":4437},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,5270,5271],{},[49,5272,5273],{"href":4441},"What is an iterable in Python",[1995,5275,5276],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":5278},[5279,5280,5282,5283,5288,5290,5291,5300,5302,5312],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":3721,"depth":125,"text":5281},"What all() does",{"id":3774,"depth":125,"text":3775},{"id":3975,"depth":125,"text":3976,"children":5284},[5285,5286,5287],{"id":3979,"depth":145,"text":3980},{"id":4039,"depth":145,"text":4040},{"id":4103,"depth":145,"text":4104},{"id":4242,"depth":125,"text":5289},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4445,"depth":125,"text":4446},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":5292},[5293,5294,5296,5298],{"id":4566,"depth":145,"text":4567},{"id":4623,"depth":145,"text":5295},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4748,"depth":145,"text":5297},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4825,"depth":145,"text":5299},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5006,"depth":125,"text":5301},"When to use all()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":5303},[5304,5306,5308,5310],{"id":5186,"depth":145,"text":5305},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5200,"depth":145,"text":5307},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5211,"depth":145,"text":5309},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5220,"depth":145,"text":5311},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3618,"description":5313},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5320,"title":5321,"body":5322,"description":7006,"extension":2033,"meta":7007,"navigation":148,"path":5237,"seo":7008,"stem":7009,"__hash__":7010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5323,"toc":6984},[5324,5327,5335,5338,5355,5363,5406,5415,5419,5424,5427,5444,5447,5458,5470,5474,5477,5492,5497,5500,5512,5514,5597,5600,5621,5627,5629,5637,5651,5653,5687,5689,5692,5753,5755,5772,5775,5802,5804,5812,5824,5828,5831,5870,5872,5880,5882,5898,5906,5909,5952,5954,5962,5967,5971,5979,5982,6009,6012,6015,6089,6091,6099,6106,6130,6141,6144,6223,6225,6233,6240,6244,6249,6264,6266,6274,6277,6283,6286,6332,6334,6351,6355,6360,6371,6374,6485,6488,6547,6553,6555,6560,6564,6566,6585,6591,6594,6613,6617,6626,6653,6655,6663,6671,6675,6681,6704,6706,6714,6720,6724,6727,6778,6781,6832,6835,6837,6841,6848,6852,6859,6863,6871,6875,6878,6900,6902,6952,6954,6981],[10,5325,5321],{"id":5326},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5328,5329,5331,5332,236],{},[15,5330,5226],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1301,5333,5334],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5336,5337],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,5339,5340,5343,5346,5349,5352],{},[36,5341,5342],{},"lists",[36,5344,5345],{},"tuples",[36,5347,5348],{},"sets",[36,5350,5351],{},"strings",[36,5353,5354],{},"generator expressions",[20,5356,5357,5358,384,5360,5362],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5359,290],{},[15,5361,293],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[59,5364,5366],{"className":61,"code":5365,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5367,5368,5388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5369,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384,5386],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5371,3869],{"class":106},[68,5373,111],{"class":110},[68,5375,725],{"class":78},[68,5377,2192],{"class":160},[68,5379,472],{"class":78},[68,5381,3885],{"class":114},[68,5383,472],{"class":78},[68,5385,4650],{"class":160},[68,5387,730],{"class":78},[68,5389,5390,5392,5394,5397,5399,5402,5404],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5391,129],{"class":128},[68,5393,79],{"class":78},[68,5395,5396],{"class":128},"any",[68,5398,79],{"class":78},[68,5400,5401],{"class":138},"values",[68,5403,1636],{"class":78},[68,5405,3709],{"class":3708},[20,5407,224,5408,5411,5412,5414],{},[15,5409,5410],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5413,290],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[93,5416,5418],{"id":5417},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5420,5421,5423],{},[15,5422,5226],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5425,5426],{},"It returns:",[33,5428,5429,5434,5439],{},[36,5430,5431,5433],{},[15,5432,290],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,5435,5436,5438],{},[15,5437,293],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,5440,5441,5443],{},[15,5442,293],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5445,5446],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,5448,5449,5452,5455],{},[36,5450,5451],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,5453,5454],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,5456,5457],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5459,5460,5461,5464,5465,236],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1301,5462,5463],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[49,5466,5468],{"href":5467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5469,3626],{},[93,5471,5473],{"id":5472},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5475,5476],{},"The syntax is simple:",[59,5478,5480],{"className":61,"code":5479,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5481,5482],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5483,5484,5486,5488,5490],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5485,5396],{"class":128},[68,5487,79],{"class":78},[68,5489,3766],{"class":138},[68,5491,85],{"class":78},[20,5493,5494,5495,236],{},"The argument must be an ",[1301,5496,3766],{},[20,5498,5499],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,5501,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510],{},[36,5503,5342],{},[36,5505,5345],{},[36,5507,5348],{},[36,5509,5351],{},[36,5511,5354],{},[20,5513,1335],{},[59,5515,5517],{"className":61,"code":5516,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5518,5519,5542,5561,5579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5520,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5540],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5522,129],{"class":128},[68,5524,79],{"class":78},[68,5526,5396],{"class":128},[68,5528,466],{"class":78},[68,5530,2192],{"class":160},[68,5532,472],{"class":78},[68,5534,3880],{"class":160},[68,5536,472],{"class":78},[68,5538,5539],{"class":160}," 1",[68,5541,483],{"class":78},[68,5543,5544,5546,5548,5550,5553,5555,5557,5559],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5545,129],{"class":128},[68,5547,79],{"class":78},[68,5549,5396],{"class":128},[68,5551,5552],{"class":78},"((",[68,5554,293],{"class":526},[68,5556,472],{"class":78},[68,5558,3951],{"class":526},[68,5560,2970],{"class":78},[68,5562,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575,5577],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,5564,129],{"class":128},[68,5566,79],{"class":78},[68,5568,5396],{"class":128},[68,5570,494],{"class":78},[68,5572,2192],{"class":160},[68,5574,472],{"class":78},[68,5576,475],{"class":160},[68,5578,512],{"class":78},[68,5580,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,5582,129],{"class":128},[68,5584,79],{"class":78},[68,5586,5396],{"class":128},[68,5588,79],{"class":78},[68,5590,344],{"class":114},[68,5592,347],{"class":118},[68,5594,344],{"class":114},[68,5596,142],{"class":78},[20,5598,5599],{},"Expected output:",[59,5601,5603],{"className":61,"code":5602,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5604,5605,5609,5613,5617],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5606,5607],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5608,1070],{"class":526},[68,5610,5611],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5612,4084],{"class":526},[68,5614,5615],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,5616,1070],{"class":526},[68,5618,5619],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,5620,1070],{"class":526},[20,5622,5623,5624,236],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[49,5625,5181],{"href":5626},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[93,5628,3775],{"id":3774},[20,5630,3778,5631,384,5634,3783],{},[1301,5632,5633],{},"truthy",[1301,5635,5636],{},"falsy",[33,5638,5639,5645],{},[36,5640,5641,3791,5643],{},[1301,5642,3790],{},[15,5644,290],{},[36,5646,5647,3791,5649],{},[1301,5648,3798],{},[15,5650,293],{},[20,5652,3803],{},[33,5654,5655,5659,5663,5667,5671,5675,5679,5683],{},[36,5656,5657],{},[15,5658,293],{},[36,5660,5661],{},[15,5662,2192],{},[36,5664,5665],{},[15,5666,3814],{},[36,5668,5669],{},[15,5670,3819],{},[36,5672,5673],{},[15,5674,3833],{},[36,5676,5677],{},[15,5678,3838],{},[36,5680,5681],{},[15,5682,3843],{},[36,5684,5685],{},[15,5686,3824],{},[20,5688,3846],{},[20,5690,5691],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[59,5693,5695],{"className":61,"code":5694,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5696,5697,5711,5729],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5698,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5700,129],{"class":128},[68,5702,79],{"class":78},[68,5704,5396],{"class":128},[68,5706,466],{"class":78},[68,5708,469],{"class":160},[68,5710,483],{"class":78},[68,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5714,129],{"class":128},[68,5716,79],{"class":78},[68,5718,5396],{"class":128},[68,5720,466],{"class":78},[68,5722,203],{"class":114},[68,5724,347],{"class":118},[68,5726,203],{"class":114},[68,5728,483],{"class":78},[68,5730,5731,5733,5735,5737,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748,5750],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,5732,129],{"class":128},[68,5734,79],{"class":78},[68,5736,5396],{"class":128},[68,5738,5739],{"class":78},"([[",[68,5741,469],{"class":160},[68,5743,472],{"class":78},[68,5745,475],{"class":160},[68,5747,472],{"class":78},[68,5749,480],{"class":160},[68,5751,5752],{"class":78},"]]))\n",[20,5754,5599],{},[59,5756,5758],{"className":61,"code":5757,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5759,5760,5764,5768],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5761,5762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5763,1070],{"class":526},[68,5765,5766],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5767,1070],{"class":526},[68,5769,5770],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,5771,1070],{"class":526},[20,5773,5774],{},"And these are all falsy:",[59,5776,5778],{"className":61,"code":5777,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5779,5780],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5781,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5783,129],{"class":128},[68,5785,79],{"class":78},[68,5787,5396],{"class":128},[68,5789,466],{"class":78},[68,5791,2192],{"class":160},[68,5793,472],{"class":78},[68,5795,3885],{"class":114},[68,5797,472],{"class":78},[68,5799,3898],{"class":526},[68,5801,483],{"class":78},[20,5803,5599],{},[59,5805,5806],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,5807,5808],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5809,5810],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5811,4084],{"class":526},[20,5813,5814,5815,232,5818,236],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[49,5816,3853],{"href":5817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[49,5819,5821,5823],{"href":5820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5822,3859],{}," explained",[93,5825,5827],{"id":5826},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5829,5830],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[59,5832,5834],{"className":61,"code":5833,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5835,5836,5856],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5837,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852,5854],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5839,3869],{"class":106},[68,5841,111],{"class":110},[68,5843,725],{"class":78},[68,5845,2192],{"class":160},[68,5847,472],{"class":78},[68,5849,3885],{"class":114},[68,5851,472],{"class":78},[68,5853,4650],{"class":160},[68,5855,730],{"class":78},[68,5857,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5868],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5859,129],{"class":128},[68,5861,79],{"class":78},[68,5863,5396],{"class":128},[68,5865,79],{"class":78},[68,5867,5401],{"class":138},[68,5869,142],{"class":78},[20,5871,180],{},[59,5873,5874],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,5875,5876],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5877,5878],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5879,1070],{"class":526},[20,5881,4486],{},[33,5883,5884,5889,5893],{},[36,5885,5886,5888],{},[15,5887,2192],{}," is falsy",[36,5890,5891,5888],{},[15,5892,3819],{},[36,5894,5895,5897],{},[15,5896,1497],{}," is truthy",[20,5899,5900,5901,1541,5904,236],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5902,5903],{},"any(values)",[15,5905,290],{},[20,5907,5908],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[59,5910,5912],{"className":61,"code":5911,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5913,5914,5938],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5915,5916,5918,5920,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5917,3869],{"class":106},[68,5919,111],{"class":110},[68,5921,725],{"class":78},[68,5923,2192],{"class":160},[68,5925,472],{"class":78},[68,5927,3885],{"class":114},[68,5929,472],{"class":78},[68,5931,3898],{"class":526},[68,5933,472],{"class":78},[68,5935,3951],{"class":526},[68,5937,730],{"class":78},[68,5939,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,5941,129],{"class":128},[68,5943,79],{"class":78},[68,5945,5396],{"class":128},[68,5947,79],{"class":78},[68,5949,5401],{"class":138},[68,5951,142],{"class":78},[20,5953,180],{},[59,5955,5956],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,5957,5958],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5959,5960],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5961,4084],{"class":526},[20,5963,5964,5965,236],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5966,293],{},[93,5968,5970],{"id":5969},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5972,5973,5975,5976,236],{},[15,5974,5226],{}," is often used with a ",[1301,5977,5978],{},"generator expression",[20,5980,5981],{},"This is a common pattern:",[59,5983,5985],{"className":61,"code":5984,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5986,5987],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,5988,5989,5991,5993,5996,5999,6002,6004,6007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,5990,5396],{"class":128},[68,5992,79],{"class":78},[68,5994,5995],{"class":138},"condition ",[68,5997,5998],{"class":1098},"for",[68,6000,6001],{"class":138}," item ",[68,6003,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6005,6006],{"class":138}," items",[68,6008,85],{"class":78},[20,6010,6011],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6013,6014],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[59,6016,6018],{"className":61,"code":6017,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6019,6020,6048,6052,6079],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6046],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6023,3663],{"class":106},[68,6025,111],{"class":110},[68,6027,725],{"class":78},[68,6029,2568],{"class":160},[68,6031,472],{"class":78},[68,6033,6034],{"class":160}," 7",[68,6036,472],{"class":78},[68,6038,2289],{"class":110},[68,6040,2129],{"class":160},[68,6042,472],{"class":78},[68,6044,6045],{"class":160}," 10",[68,6047,730],{"class":78},[68,6049,6050],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6051,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,6053,6054,6056,6058,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,6055,2297],{"class":106},[68,6057,111],{"class":110},[68,6059,6060],{"class":128}," any",[68,6062,79],{"class":78},[68,6064,3080],{"class":138},[68,6066,190],{"class":110},[68,6068,3880],{"class":160},[68,6070,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6072,3924],{"class":138},[68,6074,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6076,4308],{"class":138},[68,6078,85],{"class":78},[68,6080,6081,6083,6085,6087],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,6082,129],{"class":128},[68,6084,79],{"class":78},[68,6086,2331],{"class":138},[68,6088,85],{"class":78},[20,6090,180],{},[59,6092,6093],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6094,6095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6096,6097],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6098,1070],{"class":526},[20,6100,6101,6102,6105],{},"This works because ",[15,6103,6104],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,6107,6108,6116,6123],{},[36,6109,6110,6113,6114],{},[15,6111,6112],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6115,293],{},[36,6117,6118,6113,6121],{},[15,6119,6120],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6122,293],{},[36,6124,6125,6113,6128],{},[15,6126,6127],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6129,290],{},[20,6131,6132,6133,6135,6136,6138,6139,236],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6134,290],{}," result, ",[15,6137,5226],{}," can return ",[15,6140,290],{},[20,6142,6143],{},"Here is another example:",[59,6145,6147],{"className":61,"code":6146,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6148,6149,6178,6182,6212],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6150,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163,6165,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6152,4114],{"class":106},[68,6154,111],{"class":110},[68,6156,725],{"class":78},[68,6158,344],{"class":114},[68,6160,4123],{"class":118},[68,6162,344],{"class":114},[68,6164,472],{"class":78},[68,6166,6167],{"class":114}," \"\"",[68,6169,472],{"class":78},[68,6171,115],{"class":114},[68,6173,4132],{"class":118},[68,6175,344],{"class":114},[68,6177,730],{"class":78},[68,6179,6180],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6181,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,6183,6184,6187,6189,6191,6193,6196,6198,6200,6202,6205,6207,6210],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,6185,6186],{"class":106},"has_empty_string ",[68,6188,111],{"class":110},[68,6190,6060],{"class":128},[68,6192,79],{"class":78},[68,6194,6195],{"class":138},"word ",[68,6197,4733],{"class":110},[68,6199,6167],{"class":114},[68,6201,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6203,6204],{"class":138}," word ",[68,6206,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6208,6209],{"class":138}," words",[68,6211,85],{"class":78},[68,6213,6214,6216,6218,6221],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,6215,129],{"class":128},[68,6217,79],{"class":78},[68,6219,6220],{"class":138},"has_empty_string",[68,6222,85],{"class":78},[20,6224,180],{},[59,6226,6227],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6228,6229],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6230,6231],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6232,1070],{"class":526},[20,6234,6235,6236,236],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[49,6237,6239],{"href":6238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[93,6241,6243],{"id":6242},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6245,6246,6247,503],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6248,293],{},[59,6250,6252],{"className":61,"code":6251,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6253,6254],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6255,6256,6258,6260,6262],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6257,129],{"class":128},[68,6259,79],{"class":78},[68,6261,5396],{"class":128},[68,6263,4473],{"class":78},[20,6265,180],{},[59,6267,6268],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6269,6270],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6271,6272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6273,4084],{"class":526},[20,6275,6276],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6278,6279,6280,6282],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6281,5226],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6284,6285],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[59,6287,6289],{"className":61,"code":6288,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6290,6291,6301,6316],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6292,6293,6295,6297,6299],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6294,129],{"class":128},[68,6296,79],{"class":78},[68,6298,5396],{"class":128},[68,6300,4531],{"class":78},[68,6302,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6314],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6304,129],{"class":128},[68,6306,79],{"class":78},[68,6308,5396],{"class":128},[68,6310,79],{"class":78},[68,6312,6313],{"class":114},"\"\"",[68,6315,142],{"class":78},[68,6317,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6329],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,6319,129],{"class":128},[68,6321,79],{"class":78},[68,6323,5396],{"class":128},[68,6325,79],{"class":78},[68,6327,6328],{"class":74},"set",[68,6330,6331],{"class":78},"()))\n",[20,6333,180],{},[59,6335,6337],{"className":61,"code":6336,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6338,6339,6343,6347],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6340,6341],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6342,4084],{"class":526},[68,6344,6345],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6346,4084],{"class":526},[68,6348,6349],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,6350,4084],{"class":526},[93,6352,6354],{"id":6353},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6356,224,6357,6359],{},[15,6358,5226],{}," when you want to:",[33,6361,6362,6365,6368],{},[36,6363,6364],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,6366,6367],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,6369,6370],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6372,6373],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[59,6375,6377],{"className":61,"code":6376,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6378,6379,6404,6408,6418,6422,6435,6453,6463,6468,6473],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6380,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6402],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6382,3663],{"class":106},[68,6384,111],{"class":110},[68,6386,725],{"class":78},[68,6388,469],{"class":160},[68,6390,472],{"class":78},[68,6392,480],{"class":160},[68,6394,472],{"class":78},[68,6396,4650],{"class":160},[68,6398,472],{"class":78},[68,6400,6401],{"class":160}," 8",[68,6403,730],{"class":78},[68,6405,6406],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6407,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,6409,6410,6413,6415],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,6411,6412],{"class":106},"found_even ",[68,6414,111],{"class":110},[68,6416,6417],{"class":526}," False\n",[68,6419,6420],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,6421,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,6423,6424,6426,6429,6431,6433],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,6425,5998],{"class":1098},[68,6427,6428],{"class":106}," number ",[68,6430,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6432,4308],{"class":106},[68,6434,1648],{"class":78},[68,6436,6437,6440,6442,6445,6447,6449,6451],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,6438,6439],{"class":1098},"    if",[68,6441,6428],{"class":106},[68,6443,6444],{"class":110},"%",[68,6446,475],{"class":160},[68,6448,1639],{"class":110},[68,6450,3880],{"class":160},[68,6452,1648],{"class":78},[68,6454,6455,6458,6460],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,6456,6457],{"class":106},"        found_even ",[68,6459,111],{"class":110},[68,6461,6462],{"class":526}," True\n",[68,6464,6465],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,6466,6467],{"class":1098},"        break\n",[68,6469,6471],{"class":70,"line":6470},9,[68,6472,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,6474,6476,6478,6480,6483],{"class":70,"line":6475},10,[68,6477,129],{"class":128},[68,6479,79],{"class":78},[68,6481,6482],{"class":138},"found_even",[68,6484,85],{"class":78},[20,6486,6487],{},"You can write:",[59,6489,6491],{"className":61,"code":6490,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6492,6493,6517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6494,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6496,3663],{"class":106},[68,6498,111],{"class":110},[68,6500,725],{"class":78},[68,6502,469],{"class":160},[68,6504,472],{"class":78},[68,6506,480],{"class":160},[68,6508,472],{"class":78},[68,6510,4650],{"class":160},[68,6512,472],{"class":78},[68,6514,6401],{"class":160},[68,6516,730],{"class":78},[68,6518,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6520,129],{"class":128},[68,6522,79],{"class":78},[68,6524,5396],{"class":128},[68,6526,79],{"class":78},[68,6528,155],{"class":138},[68,6530,6444],{"class":110},[68,6532,475],{"class":160},[68,6534,1639],{"class":110},[68,6536,3880],{"class":160},[68,6538,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6540,6428],{"class":138},[68,6542,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6544,4308],{"class":138},[68,6546,142],{"class":78},[20,6548,6549,6550,6552],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6551,5226],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[93,6554,4563],{"id":4562},[20,6556,6557,6558,236],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6559,5226],{},[1470,6561,6563],{"id":6562},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6565,4570],{},[59,6567,6569],{"className":61,"code":6568,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6570,6571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6572,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6574,129],{"class":128},[68,6576,79],{"class":78},[68,6578,5396],{"class":128},[68,6580,79],{"class":78},[68,6582,1497],{"class":160},[68,6584,142],{"class":78},[20,6586,6587,6588,6590],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6589,1497],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6592,6593],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[59,6595,6597],{"className":61,"code":6596,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6598,6599],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6600,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6602,129],{"class":128},[68,6604,79],{"class":78},[68,6606,5396],{"class":128},[68,6608,466],{"class":78},[68,6610,1497],{"class":160},[68,6612,483],{"class":78},[1470,6614,6616],{"id":6615},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6618,6619,6621,6622,6625],{},[15,6620,5226],{}," needs only ",[1301,6623,6624],{},"one"," truthy item.",[59,6627,6629],{"className":61,"code":6628,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6630,6631],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6632,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6634,129],{"class":128},[68,6636,79],{"class":78},[68,6638,5396],{"class":128},[68,6640,466],{"class":78},[68,6642,293],{"class":526},[68,6644,472],{"class":78},[68,6646,3951],{"class":526},[68,6648,472],{"class":78},[68,6650,3960],{"class":526},[68,6652,483],{"class":78},[20,6654,180],{},[59,6656,6657],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6658,6659],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6660,6661],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6662,1070],{"class":526},[20,6664,6665,6666,6670],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[49,6667,6668],{"href":5467},[15,6669,3626],{}," instead.",[1470,6672,6674],{"id":6673},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6676,6677,6678,236],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6679,6680],{},"\"True\"",[59,6682,6684],{"className":61,"code":6683,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6685,6686],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6687,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6689,129],{"class":128},[68,6691,79],{"class":78},[68,6693,5396],{"class":128},[68,6695,466],{"class":78},[68,6697,344],{"class":114},[68,6699,293],{"class":118},[68,6701,344],{"class":114},[68,6703,483],{"class":78},[20,6705,180],{},[59,6707,6708],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6709,6710],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6711,6712],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6713,1070],{"class":526},[20,6715,1532,6716,6719],{},[15,6717,6718],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1470,6721,6723],{"id":6722},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6725,6726],{},"This works:",[59,6728,6730],{"className":61,"code":6729,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6731,6732,6752],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6733,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746,6748,6750],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6735,3663],{"class":106},[68,6737,111],{"class":110},[68,6739,725],{"class":78},[68,6741,469],{"class":160},[68,6743,472],{"class":78},[68,6745,475],{"class":160},[68,6747,472],{"class":78},[68,6749,480],{"class":160},[68,6751,730],{"class":78},[68,6753,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772,6774,6776],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6755,129],{"class":128},[68,6757,79],{"class":78},[68,6759,5396],{"class":128},[68,6761,466],{"class":78},[68,6763,3080],{"class":138},[68,6765,4297],{"class":110},[68,6767,475],{"class":160},[68,6769,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6771,3924],{"class":138},[68,6773,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6775,4308],{"class":138},[68,6777,483],{"class":78},[20,6779,6780],{},"But this is usually better:",[59,6782,6784],{"className":61,"code":6783,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6785,6786,6806],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6789,3663],{"class":106},[68,6791,111],{"class":110},[68,6793,725],{"class":78},[68,6795,469],{"class":160},[68,6797,472],{"class":78},[68,6799,475],{"class":160},[68,6801,472],{"class":78},[68,6803,480],{"class":160},[68,6805,730],{"class":78},[68,6807,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6809,129],{"class":128},[68,6811,79],{"class":78},[68,6813,5396],{"class":128},[68,6815,79],{"class":78},[68,6817,3080],{"class":138},[68,6819,4297],{"class":110},[68,6821,475],{"class":160},[68,6823,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6825,3924],{"class":138},[68,6827,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6829,4308],{"class":138},[68,6831,142],{"class":78},[20,6833,6834],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[93,6836,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,6838,6840],{"id":6839},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6842,5191,6843,6845,6846,236],{},[15,6844,290],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6847,293],{},[1470,6849,6851],{"id":6850},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6853,6854,1541,6856,6858],{},[15,6855,5226],{},[15,6857,293],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1470,6860,6862],{"id":6861},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6864,6865,6867,6868,6870],{},[15,6866,5226],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6869,3626],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1470,6872,6874],{"id":6873},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6876,6877],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[59,6879,6880],{"className":61,"code":5984,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6881,6882],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6883,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6885,5396],{"class":128},[68,6887,79],{"class":78},[68,6889,5995],{"class":138},[68,6891,5998],{"class":1098},[68,6893,6001],{"class":138},[68,6895,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6897,6006],{"class":138},[68,6899,85],{"class":78},[20,6901,1335],{},[59,6903,6904],{"className":61,"code":6783,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,6905,6906,6926],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,6907,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,6909,3663],{"class":106},[68,6911,111],{"class":110},[68,6913,725],{"class":78},[68,6915,469],{"class":160},[68,6917,472],{"class":78},[68,6919,475],{"class":160},[68,6921,472],{"class":78},[68,6923,480],{"class":160},[68,6925,730],{"class":78},[68,6927,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,6929,129],{"class":128},[68,6931,79],{"class":78},[68,6933,5396],{"class":128},[68,6935,79],{"class":78},[68,6937,3080],{"class":138},[68,6939,4297],{"class":110},[68,6941,475],{"class":160},[68,6943,3921],{"class":1098},[68,6945,3924],{"class":138},[68,6947,3927],{"class":1098},[68,6949,4308],{"class":138},[68,6951,142],{"class":78},[93,6953,1952],{"id":1951},[33,6955,6956,6962,6966,6970,6975],{},[36,6957,6958],{},[49,6959,6960,1151],{"href":5467},[15,6961,3626],{},[36,6963,6964],{},[49,6965,3853],{"href":5817},[36,6967,6968],{},[49,6969,5258],{"href":5626},[36,6971,6972],{},[49,6973,6974],{"href":6238},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6976,6977],{},[49,6978,6979,1151],{"href":5820},[15,6980,3859],{},[1995,6982,6983],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":6985},[6986,6987,6988,6989,6990,6991,6992,6993,6999,7005],{"id":5417,"depth":125,"text":5418},{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473},{"id":3774,"depth":125,"text":3775},{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":5969,"depth":125,"text":5970},{"id":6242,"depth":125,"text":6243},{"id":6353,"depth":125,"text":6354},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":6994},[6995,6996,6997,6998],{"id":6562,"depth":145,"text":6563},{"id":6615,"depth":145,"text":6616},{"id":6673,"depth":145,"text":6674},{"id":6722,"depth":145,"text":6723},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":7000},[7001,7002,7003,7004],{"id":6839,"depth":145,"text":6840},{"id":6850,"depth":145,"text":6851},{"id":6861,"depth":145,"text":6862},{"id":6873,"depth":145,"text":6874},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5321,"description":7006},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7012,"title":7013,"body":7014,"description":9135,"extension":2033,"meta":9136,"navigation":148,"path":9137,"seo":9138,"stem":9139,"__hash__":9140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7015,"toc":9098},[7016,7019,7028,7037,7039,7136,7138,7167,7183,7187,7192,7195,7205,7210,7216,7232,7234,7242,7249,7253,7256,7271,7276,7294,7299,7301,7349,7351,7368,7372,7378,7381,7416,7418,7524,7526,7563,7567,7575,7577,7597,7599,7719,7721,7750,7753,7776,7778,7786,7794,7798,7804,7808,7851,7853,7861,7864,7892,7894,7902,7906,7934,7936,7944,7976,7978,7986,7990,8041,8043,8051,8059,8063,8066,8118,8120,8140,8147,8151,8157,8160,8168,8190,8192,8200,8208,8231,8233,8241,8246,8251,8262,8264,8304,8315,8319,8328,8331,8334,8392,8395,8447,8450,8455,8471,8477,8479,8484,8492,8495,8517,8519,8527,8532,8535,8570,8572,8580,8584,8589,8627,8639,8642,8697,8705,8709,8712,8734,8743,8746,8787,8789,8812,8818,8824,8839,8841,8860,8863,8882,8884,8903,8907,8913,8992,8995,9009,9014,9016,9020,9027,9031,9035,9039,9044,9048,9053,9057,9064,9066,9095],[10,7017,7013],{"id":7018},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7020,2050,7021,7023,7024,384,7026,236],{},[15,7022,3859],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7025,290],{},[15,7027,293],{},[20,7029,7030,7031,7033,7034,7036],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7032,3859],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7035,1099],{}," statements and other conditions.",[93,7038,96],{"id":95},[59,7040,7042],{"className":61,"code":7041,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7043,7044,7058,7072,7086,7104,7114],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7045,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7047,129],{"class":128},[68,7049,79],{"class":78},[68,7051,286],{"class":74},[68,7053,79],{"class":78},[68,7055,2192],{"class":160},[68,7057,142],{"class":78},[68,7059,7060,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7061,129],{"class":128},[68,7063,79],{"class":78},[68,7065,286],{"class":74},[68,7067,79],{"class":78},[68,7069,469],{"class":160},[68,7071,142],{"class":78},[68,7073,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7075,129],{"class":128},[68,7077,79],{"class":78},[68,7079,286],{"class":74},[68,7081,79],{"class":78},[68,7083,6313],{"class":114},[68,7085,142],{"class":78},[68,7087,7088,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7089,129],{"class":128},[68,7091,79],{"class":78},[68,7093,286],{"class":74},[68,7095,79],{"class":78},[68,7097,344],{"class":114},[68,7099,347],{"class":118},[68,7101,344],{"class":114},[68,7103,142],{"class":78},[68,7105,7106,7108,7110,7112],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7107,129],{"class":128},[68,7109,79],{"class":78},[68,7111,286],{"class":74},[68,7113,4473],{"class":78},[68,7115,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7117,129],{"class":128},[68,7119,79],{"class":78},[68,7121,286],{"class":74},[68,7123,466],{"class":78},[68,7125,469],{"class":160},[68,7127,472],{"class":78},[68,7129,475],{"class":160},[68,7131,472],{"class":78},[68,7133,480],{"class":160},[68,7135,483],{"class":78},[20,7137,5599],{},[59,7139,7141],{"className":61,"code":7140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7142,7143,7147,7151,7155,7159,7163],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7144,7145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7146,4084],{"class":526},[68,7148,7149],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7150,1070],{"class":526},[68,7152,7153],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7154,4084],{"class":526},[68,7156,7157],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7158,1070],{"class":526},[68,7160,7161],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7162,4084],{"class":526},[68,7164,7165],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7166,1070],{"class":526},[20,7168,224,7169,7172,7173,384,7175,7177,7178,7180,7181,236],{},[15,7170,7171],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7174,290],{},[15,7176,293],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7179,293],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7182,290],{},[93,7184,7186],{"id":7185},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7188,7189,7191],{},[15,7190,3859],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7193,7194],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,7196,7197,7201],{},[36,7198,7199],{},[15,7200,290],{},[36,7202,7203],{},[15,7204,293],{},[20,7206,7207,7208,1142],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7209,1099],{},[20,7211,7212,7213,7215],{},"You can also call ",[15,7214,3859],{}," with no argument:",[59,7217,7219],{"className":61,"code":7218,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool())\n",[15,7220,7221],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7222,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7224,129],{"class":128},[68,7226,79],{"class":78},[68,7228,286],{"class":74},[68,7230,7231],{"class":78},"())\n",[20,7233,180],{},[59,7235,7236],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7237,7238],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7239,7240],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7241,4084],{"class":526},[20,7243,7244,7245,236],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[49,7246,7248],{"href":7247},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[93,7250,7252],{"id":7251},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7254,7255],{},"The basic syntax is:",[59,7257,7259],{"className":61,"code":7258,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bool(value)\n",[15,7260,7261],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7262,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7264,286],{"class":74},[68,7266,79],{"class":78},[68,7268,665],{"class":138},[68,7270,85],{"class":78},[20,7272,2050,7273,7275],{},[15,7274,665],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,7277,7278,7280,7282,7284,7286,7289,7291],{},[36,7279,3693],{},[36,7281,5351],{},[36,7283,5342],{},[36,7285,5345],{},[36,7287,7288],{},"dictionaries",[36,7290,5348],{},[36,7292,7293],{},"other objects",[20,7295,7296,7297,236],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7298,293],{},[20,7300,326],{},[59,7302,7304],{"className":61,"code":7303,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7305,7306,7320,7339],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7307,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7309,129],{"class":128},[68,7311,79],{"class":78},[68,7313,286],{"class":74},[68,7315,79],{"class":78},[68,7317,438],{"class":160},[68,7319,142],{"class":78},[68,7321,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7335,7337],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7323,129],{"class":128},[68,7325,79],{"class":78},[68,7327,286],{"class":74},[68,7329,79],{"class":78},[68,7331,344],{"class":114},[68,7333,7334],{"class":118},"Python",[68,7336,344],{"class":114},[68,7338,142],{"class":78},[68,7340,7341,7343,7345,7347],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7342,129],{"class":128},[68,7344,79],{"class":78},[68,7346,286],{"class":74},[68,7348,7231],{"class":78},[20,7350,180],{},[59,7352,7354],{"className":61,"code":7353,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7355,7356,7360,7364],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7357,7358],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7359,1070],{"class":526},[68,7361,7362],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7363,1070],{"class":526},[68,7365,7366],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7367,4084],{"class":526},[93,7369,7371],{"id":7370},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7373,7374,7375,7377],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1301,7376,5636],{}," values.",[20,7379,7380],{},"Common examples:",[33,7382,7383,7387,7391,7395,7399,7404,7408,7412],{},[36,7384,7385],{},[15,7386,2192],{},[36,7388,7389],{},[15,7390,3814],{},[36,7392,7393],{},[15,7394,6313],{},[36,7396,7397],{},[15,7398,3833],{},[36,7400,7401],{},[15,7402,7403],{},"()",[36,7405,7406],{},[15,7407,3838],{},[36,7409,7410],{},[15,7411,3843],{},[36,7413,7414],{},[15,7415,3824],{},[20,7417,326],{},[59,7419,7421],{"className":61,"code":7420,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7422,7423,7437,7451,7465,7475,7485,7496,7510],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7424,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433,7435],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7426,129],{"class":128},[68,7428,79],{"class":78},[68,7430,286],{"class":74},[68,7432,79],{"class":78},[68,7434,2192],{"class":160},[68,7436,142],{"class":78},[68,7438,7439,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7440,129],{"class":128},[68,7442,79],{"class":78},[68,7444,286],{"class":74},[68,7446,79],{"class":78},[68,7448,3814],{"class":160},[68,7450,142],{"class":78},[68,7452,7453,7455,7457,7459,7461,7463],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7454,129],{"class":128},[68,7456,79],{"class":78},[68,7458,286],{"class":74},[68,7460,79],{"class":78},[68,7462,6313],{"class":114},[68,7464,142],{"class":78},[68,7466,7467,7469,7471,7473],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7468,129],{"class":128},[68,7470,79],{"class":78},[68,7472,286],{"class":74},[68,7474,4473],{"class":78},[68,7476,7477,7479,7481,7483],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7478,129],{"class":128},[68,7480,79],{"class":78},[68,7482,286],{"class":74},[68,7484,4531],{"class":78},[68,7486,7487,7489,7491,7493],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7488,129],{"class":128},[68,7490,79],{"class":78},[68,7492,286],{"class":74},[68,7494,7495],{"class":78},"({}))\n",[68,7497,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,7499,129],{"class":128},[68,7501,79],{"class":78},[68,7503,286],{"class":74},[68,7505,79],{"class":78},[68,7507,6328],{"class":74},[68,7509,6331],{"class":78},[68,7511,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,7513,129],{"class":128},[68,7515,79],{"class":78},[68,7517,286],{"class":74},[68,7519,79],{"class":78},[68,7521,3824],{"class":526},[68,7523,142],{"class":78},[20,7525,180],{},[59,7527,7529],{"className":61,"code":7528,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7530,7531,7535,7539,7543,7547,7551,7555,7559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7532,7533],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7534,4084],{"class":526},[68,7536,7537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7538,4084],{"class":526},[68,7540,7541],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7542,4084],{"class":526},[68,7544,7545],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7546,4084],{"class":526},[68,7548,7549],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7550,4084],{"class":526},[68,7552,7553],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7554,4084],{"class":526},[68,7556,7557],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,7558,4084],{"class":526},[68,7560,7561],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,7562,4084],{"class":526},[93,7564,7566],{"id":7565},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7568,7569,7570,7572,7573,7377],{},"Many values become ",[15,7571,290],{},". These are often called ",[1301,7574,5633],{},[20,7576,7380],{},[33,7578,7579,7582,7585,7588,7591,7594],{},[36,7580,7581],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,7583,7584],{},"non-empty strings",[36,7586,7587],{},"non-empty lists",[36,7589,7590],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,7592,7593],{},"non-empty sets",[36,7595,7596],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7598,326],{},[59,7600,7602],{"className":61,"code":7601,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7603,7604,7618,7634,7652,7674,7692],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7605,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7607,129],{"class":128},[68,7609,79],{"class":78},[68,7611,286],{"class":74},[68,7613,79],{"class":78},[68,7615,1497],{"class":160},[68,7617,142],{"class":78},[68,7619,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7621,129],{"class":128},[68,7623,79],{"class":78},[68,7625,286],{"class":74},[68,7627,79],{"class":78},[68,7629,2094],{"class":110},[68,7631,2129],{"class":160},[68,7633,142],{"class":78},[68,7635,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7637,129],{"class":128},[68,7639,79],{"class":78},[68,7641,286],{"class":74},[68,7643,79],{"class":78},[68,7645,344],{"class":114},[68,7647,347],{"class":118},[68,7649,344],{"class":114},[68,7651,142],{"class":78},[68,7653,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7655,129],{"class":128},[68,7657,79],{"class":78},[68,7659,286],{"class":74},[68,7661,466],{"class":78},[68,7663,469],{"class":160},[68,7665,472],{"class":78},[68,7667,475],{"class":160},[68,7669,472],{"class":78},[68,7671,480],{"class":160},[68,7673,483],{"class":78},[68,7675,7676,7678,7680,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7677,129],{"class":128},[68,7679,79],{"class":78},[68,7681,286],{"class":74},[68,7683,5552],{"class":78},[68,7685,469],{"class":160},[68,7687,472],{"class":78},[68,7689,475],{"class":160},[68,7691,2970],{"class":78},[68,7693,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7715,7717],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7695,129],{"class":128},[68,7697,79],{"class":78},[68,7699,286],{"class":74},[68,7701,494],{"class":78},[68,7703,344],{"class":114},[68,7705,139],{"class":118},[68,7707,344],{"class":114},[68,7709,503],{"class":78},[68,7711,115],{"class":114},[68,7713,7714],{"class":118},"Sam",[68,7716,344],{"class":114},[68,7718,512],{"class":78},[20,7720,180],{},[59,7722,7724],{"className":61,"code":7723,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7725,7726,7730,7734,7738,7742,7746],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7727,7728],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7729,1070],{"class":526},[68,7731,7732],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7733,1070],{"class":526},[68,7735,7736],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,7737,1070],{"class":526},[68,7739,7740],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,7741,1070],{"class":526},[68,7743,7744],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,7745,1070],{"class":526},[68,7747,7748],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,7749,1070],{"class":526},[20,7751,7752],{},"One important example is this:",[59,7754,7756],{"className":61,"code":7755,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7757,7758],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7759,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7761,129],{"class":128},[68,7763,79],{"class":78},[68,7765,286],{"class":74},[68,7767,79],{"class":78},[68,7769,344],{"class":114},[68,7771,293],{"class":118},[68,7773,344],{"class":114},[68,7775,142],{"class":78},[20,7777,180],{},[59,7779,7780],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7781,7782],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7783,7784],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7785,1070],{"class":526},[20,7787,7788,7789,7791,7792,236],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7790,6718],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7793,290],{},[93,7795,7797],{"id":7796},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7799,7800,7801,7803],{},"You can use ",[15,7802,3859],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1470,7805,7807],{"id":7806},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[59,7809,7811],{"className":61,"code":7810,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7812,7813,7836],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7814,7815,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826,7829,7831,7834],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7816,7817],{"class":106},"items ",[68,7819,111],{"class":110},[68,7821,725],{"class":78},[68,7823,438],{"class":160},[68,7825,472],{"class":78},[68,7827,7828],{"class":160}," 20",[68,7830,472],{"class":78},[68,7832,7833],{"class":160}," 30",[68,7835,730],{"class":78},[68,7837,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7849],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7839,129],{"class":128},[68,7841,79],{"class":78},[68,7843,286],{"class":74},[68,7845,79],{"class":78},[68,7847,7848],{"class":138},"items",[68,7850,142],{"class":78},[20,7852,180],{},[59,7854,7855],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7856,7857],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7858,7859],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7860,1070],{"class":526},[20,7862,7863],{},"With an empty list:",[59,7865,7867],{"className":61,"code":7866,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7868,7869,7878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7870,7871,7873,7875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7872,7817],{"class":106},[68,7874,111],{"class":110},[68,7876,7877],{"class":78}," []\n",[68,7879,7880,7882,7884,7886,7888,7890],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7881,129],{"class":128},[68,7883,79],{"class":78},[68,7885,286],{"class":74},[68,7887,79],{"class":78},[68,7889,7848],{"class":138},[68,7891,142],{"class":78},[20,7893,180],{},[59,7895,7896],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7897,7898],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7899,7900],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7901,4084],{"class":526},[1470,7903,7905],{"id":7904},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[59,7907,7909],{"className":61,"code":7908,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7910,7911,7920],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7912,7913,7915,7917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7914,107],{"class":106},[68,7916,111],{"class":110},[68,7918,7919],{"class":114}," \"\"\n",[68,7921,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7923,129],{"class":128},[68,7925,79],{"class":78},[68,7927,286],{"class":74},[68,7929,79],{"class":78},[68,7931,139],{"class":138},[68,7933,142],{"class":78},[20,7935,180],{},[59,7937,7938],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7939,7940],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7941,7942],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7943,4084],{"class":526},[59,7945,7947],{"className":61,"code":7946,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7948,7949,7962],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7950,7951,7953,7955,7957,7960],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7952,107],{"class":106},[68,7954,111],{"class":110},[68,7956,115],{"class":114},[68,7958,7959],{"class":118},"Mia",[68,7961,122],{"class":114},[68,7963,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,7965,129],{"class":128},[68,7967,79],{"class":78},[68,7969,286],{"class":74},[68,7971,79],{"class":78},[68,7973,139],{"class":138},[68,7975,142],{"class":78},[20,7977,180],{},[59,7979,7980],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,7981,7982],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7983,7984],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7985,1070],{"class":526},[1470,7987,7989],{"id":7988},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[59,7991,7993],{"className":61,"code":7992,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7994,7995,8009,8026,8030],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,7996,7997,8000,8002,8004,8007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,7998,7999],{"class":106},"username ",[68,8001,111],{"class":110},[68,8003,115],{"class":114},[68,8005,8006],{"class":118},"alex",[68,8008,122],{"class":114},[68,8010,8011,8014,8016,8019,8021,8024],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8012,8013],{"class":106},"has_name ",[68,8015,111],{"class":110},[68,8017,8018],{"class":74}," bool",[68,8020,79],{"class":78},[68,8022,8023],{"class":138},"username",[68,8025,85],{"class":78},[68,8027,8028],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8029,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,8031,8032,8034,8036,8039],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,8033,129],{"class":128},[68,8035,79],{"class":78},[68,8037,8038],{"class":138},"has_name",[68,8040,85],{"class":78},[20,8042,180],{},[59,8044,8045],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8046,8047],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8048,8049],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8050,1070],{"class":526},[20,8052,8053,8054,384,8056,8058],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8055,290],{},[15,8057,293],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1470,8060,8062],{"id":8061},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8064,8065],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[59,8067,8069],{"className":61,"code":8068,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8070,8071,8091,8095,8103],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8072,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8074,3663],{"class":106},[68,8076,111],{"class":110},[68,8078,725],{"class":78},[68,8080,469],{"class":160},[68,8082,472],{"class":78},[68,8084,475],{"class":160},[68,8086,472],{"class":78},[68,8088,480],{"class":160},[68,8090,730],{"class":78},[68,8092,8093],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8094,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,8096,8097,8099,8101],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8098,1099],{"class":1098},[68,8100,4308],{"class":106},[68,8102,1648],{"class":78},[68,8104,8105,8107,8109,8111,8114,8116],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,8106,1118],{"class":128},[68,8108,79],{"class":78},[68,8110,344],{"class":114},[68,8112,8113],{"class":118},"The list is not empty",[68,8115,344],{"class":114},[68,8117,85],{"class":78},[20,8119,180],{},[59,8121,8123],{"className":61,"code":8122,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8124,8125],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8126,8127,8129,8131,8134,8137],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8128,2050],{"class":106},[68,8130,274],{"class":74},[68,8132,8133],{"class":110}," is",[68,8135,8136],{"class":110}," not",[68,8138,8139],{"class":106}," empty\n",[20,8141,8142,8143,236],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[49,8144,8146],{"href":8145},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[93,8148,8150],{"id":8149},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8152,8153,8154,8156],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8155,3859],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8158,8159],{},"It does not do that.",[1470,8161,8163,1541,8166],{"id":8162},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8164,8165],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8167,290],{},[59,8169,8170],{"className":61,"code":7755,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8171,8172],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8173,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8175,129],{"class":128},[68,8177,79],{"class":78},[68,8179,286],{"class":74},[68,8181,79],{"class":78},[68,8183,344],{"class":114},[68,8185,293],{"class":118},[68,8187,344],{"class":114},[68,8189,142],{"class":78},[20,8191,180],{},[59,8193,8194],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8195,8196],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8197,8198],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8199,1070],{"class":526},[1470,8201,8203,1541,8206],{"id":8202},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8204,8205],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8207,290],{},[59,8209,8211],{"className":61,"code":8210,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8212,8213],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8214,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227,8229],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8216,129],{"class":128},[68,8218,79],{"class":78},[68,8220,286],{"class":74},[68,8222,79],{"class":78},[68,8224,344],{"class":114},[68,8226,2192],{"class":118},[68,8228,344],{"class":114},[68,8230,142],{"class":78},[20,8232,180],{},[59,8234,8235],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8236,8237],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8238,8239],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8240,1070],{"class":526},[20,8242,8243,8244,236],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1301,8245,7584],{},[20,8247,8248,8250],{},[15,8249,3859],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8252,8253,8254,8258,8259,8261],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[49,8255,8256],{"href":51},[15,8257,54],{},", because ",[15,8260,54],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8263,326],{},[59,8265,8267],{"className":61,"code":8266,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8268,8269,8289],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8270,8271,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282,8285,8287],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8272,8273],{"class":106},"user_value ",[68,8275,111],{"class":110},[68,8277,835],{"class":128},[68,8279,79],{"class":78},[68,8281,344],{"class":114},[68,8283,8284],{"class":118},"Enter True or False: ",[68,8286,344],{"class":114},[68,8288,85],{"class":78},[68,8290,8291,8293,8295,8297,8299,8302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8292,129],{"class":128},[68,8294,79],{"class":78},[68,8296,286],{"class":74},[68,8298,79],{"class":78},[68,8300,8301],{"class":138},"user_value",[68,8303,142],{"class":78},[20,8305,8306,8307,8309,8310,8258,8312,8314],{},"If the user types ",[15,8308,293],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8311,290],{},[15,8313,6718],{}," is not empty.",[93,8316,8318],{"id":8317},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8320,8321,8322,8324,8325,8327],{},"In many ",[15,8323,1099],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8326,3859],{}," yourself.",[20,8329,8330],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8332,8333],{},"Instead of this:",[59,8335,8337],{"className":61,"code":8336,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8338,8339,8360,8364,8377],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8340,8341,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8342,8343],{"class":106},"my_list ",[68,8345,111],{"class":110},[68,8347,725],{"class":78},[68,8349,469],{"class":160},[68,8351,472],{"class":78},[68,8353,475],{"class":160},[68,8355,472],{"class":78},[68,8357,480],{"class":160},[68,8359,730],{"class":78},[68,8361,8362],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8363,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,8365,8366,8368,8370,8372,8375],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8367,1099],{"class":1098},[68,8369,8018],{"class":74},[68,8371,79],{"class":78},[68,8373,8374],{"class":138},"my_list",[68,8376,1113],{"class":78},[68,8378,8379,8381,8383,8385,8388,8390],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,8380,1118],{"class":128},[68,8382,79],{"class":78},[68,8384,344],{"class":114},[68,8386,8387],{"class":118},"List has items",[68,8389,344],{"class":114},[68,8391,85],{"class":78},[20,8393,8394],{},"You can simply write:",[59,8396,8398],{"className":61,"code":8397,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8399,8400,8420,8424,8433],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8401,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8403,8343],{"class":106},[68,8405,111],{"class":110},[68,8407,725],{"class":78},[68,8409,469],{"class":160},[68,8411,472],{"class":78},[68,8413,475],{"class":160},[68,8415,472],{"class":78},[68,8417,480],{"class":160},[68,8419,730],{"class":78},[68,8421,8422],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8423,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,8425,8426,8428,8431],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8427,1099],{"class":1098},[68,8429,8430],{"class":106}," my_list",[68,8432,1648],{"class":78},[68,8434,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,8436,1118],{"class":128},[68,8438,79],{"class":78},[68,8440,344],{"class":114},[68,8442,8387],{"class":118},[68,8444,344],{"class":114},[68,8446,85],{"class":78},[20,8448,8449],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8451,633,8452,8454],{},[15,8453,3859],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,8456,8457,8460,8468],{},[36,8458,8459],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,8461,8462,8463,384,8465,8467],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8464,290],{},[15,8466,293],{}," value",[36,8469,8470],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8472,8473,8474,236],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[49,8475,8476],{"href":2366},"Python type() function explained",[93,8478,1750],{"id":1749},[20,8480,8481,8482,236],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8483,3859],{},[1470,8485,1770,8487,8489,8490],{"id":8486},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8488,8165],{}," to return ",[15,8491,293],{},[20,8493,8494],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[59,8496,8497],{"className":61,"code":7755,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8498,8499],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8500,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8502,129],{"class":128},[68,8504,79],{"class":78},[68,8506,286],{"class":74},[68,8508,79],{"class":78},[68,8510,344],{"class":114},[68,8512,293],{"class":118},[68,8514,344],{"class":114},[68,8516,142],{"class":78},[20,8518,180],{},[59,8520,8521],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8522,8523],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8524,8525],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8526,1070],{"class":526},[20,8528,8529,8530,6719],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8531,6718],{},[20,8533,8534],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[59,8536,8538],{"className":61,"code":8537,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8539,8540,8552],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8541,8542,8544,8546,8548,8550],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8543,652],{"class":106},[68,8545,111],{"class":110},[68,8547,115],{"class":114},[68,8549,293],{"class":118},[68,8551,122],{"class":114},[68,8553,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566,8568],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8555,129],{"class":128},[68,8557,79],{"class":78},[68,8559,652],{"class":138},[68,8561,4733],{"class":110},[68,8563,115],{"class":114},[68,8565,290],{"class":118},[68,8567,344],{"class":114},[68,8569,85],{"class":78},[20,8571,180],{},[59,8573,8574],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,8575,8576],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8577,8578],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8579,4084],{"class":526},[1470,8581,8583],{"id":8582},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8585,8586,8588],{},[15,8587,54],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[59,8590,8592],{"className":61,"code":8591,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8593,8594,8613],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606,8609,8611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8597,652],{"class":106},[68,8599,111],{"class":110},[68,8601,835],{"class":128},[68,8603,79],{"class":78},[68,8605,344],{"class":114},[68,8607,8608],{"class":118},"Enter yes or no: ",[68,8610,344],{"class":114},[68,8612,85],{"class":78},[68,8614,8615,8617,8619,8621,8623,8625],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8616,129],{"class":128},[68,8618,79],{"class":78},[68,8620,286],{"class":74},[68,8622,79],{"class":78},[68,8624,665],{"class":138},[68,8626,142],{"class":78},[20,8628,8306,8629,8632,8633,8635,8636,8314],{},[15,8630,8631],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8634,290],{}," because ",[15,8637,8638],{},"\"no\"",[20,8640,8641],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[59,8643,8645],{"className":61,"code":8644,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8646,8647,8678],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8648,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8666,8669,8672,8675],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8650,652],{"class":106},[68,8652,111],{"class":110},[68,8654,835],{"class":128},[68,8656,79],{"class":78},[68,8658,344],{"class":114},[68,8660,8608],{"class":118},[68,8662,344],{"class":114},[68,8664,8665],{"class":78},").",[68,8667,8668],{"class":138},"strip",[68,8670,8671],{"class":78},"().",[68,8673,8674],{"class":138},"lower",[68,8676,8677],{"class":78},"()\n",[68,8679,8680,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690,8693,8695],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8681,129],{"class":128},[68,8683,79],{"class":78},[68,8685,652],{"class":138},[68,8687,4733],{"class":110},[68,8689,115],{"class":114},[68,8691,8692],{"class":118},"yes",[68,8694,344],{"class":114},[68,8696,85],{"class":78},[20,8698,8699,8700,8702,8703,236],{},"This gives ",[15,8701,290],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8704,8692],{},[1470,8706,8708],{"id":8707},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8710,8711],{},"These are different:",[33,8713,8714,8718,8722,8726,8730],{},[36,8715,8716],{},[15,8717,293],{},[36,8719,8720],{},[15,8721,2192],{},[36,8723,8724],{},[15,8725,6313],{},[36,8727,8728],{},[15,8729,3833],{},[36,8731,8732],{},[15,8733,3824],{},[20,8735,8736,8737,8739,8740,8742],{},"They all become ",[15,8738,293],{}," with ",[15,8741,3859],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8744,8745],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[59,8747,8749],{"className":61,"code":8748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8750,8751,8759,8773],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8752,8753,8755,8757],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8754,652],{"class":106},[68,8756,111],{"class":110},[68,8758,7877],{"class":78},[68,8760,8761,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8762,129],{"class":128},[68,8764,79],{"class":78},[68,8766,75],{"class":74},[68,8768,79],{"class":78},[68,8770,665],{"class":138},[68,8772,142],{"class":78},[68,8774,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8776,129],{"class":128},[68,8778,79],{"class":78},[68,8780,286],{"class":74},[68,8782,79],{"class":78},[68,8784,665],{"class":138},[68,8786,142],{"class":78},[20,8788,180],{},[59,8790,8792],{"className":61,"code":8791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8793,8794,8808],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8795,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8797,190],{"class":110},[68,8799,194],{"class":193},[68,8801,197],{"class":114},[68,8803,274],{"class":118},[68,8805,203],{"class":114},[68,8807,206],{"class":110},[68,8809,8810],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8811,4084],{"class":526},[1470,8813,633,8815,8817],{"id":8814},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8816,3838],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8819,8820,8821,8823],{},"In Python, ",[15,8822,3838],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[59,8825,8827],{"className":61,"code":8826,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8828,8829],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8830,8831,8833,8835,8837],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8832,129],{"class":128},[68,8834,79],{"class":78},[68,8836,75],{"class":74},[68,8838,7495],{"class":78},[20,8840,180],{},[59,8842,8844],{"className":61,"code":8843,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8845,8846],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8849,190],{"class":110},[68,8851,194],{"class":193},[68,8853,197],{"class":114},[68,8855,280],{"class":118},[68,8857,203],{"class":114},[68,8859,206],{"class":110},[20,8861,8862],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[59,8864,8866],{"className":61,"code":8865,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8867,8868],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8869,8870,8872,8874,8876,8878,8880],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8871,129],{"class":128},[68,8873,79],{"class":78},[68,8875,75],{"class":74},[68,8877,79],{"class":78},[68,8879,6328],{"class":74},[68,8881,6331],{"class":78},[20,8883,180],{},[59,8885,8887],{"className":61,"code":8886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8888,8889],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8890,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8892,190],{"class":110},[68,8894,194],{"class":193},[68,8896,197],{"class":114},[68,8898,6328],{"class":118},[68,8900,203],{"class":114},[68,8902,206],{"class":110},[93,8904,8906],{"id":8905},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8908,8909,8910,8912],{},"If ",[15,8911,3859],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[59,8914,8916],{"className":61,"code":8915,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8917,8918,8932,8946,8956,8974],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,8919,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,8921,129],{"class":128},[68,8923,79],{"class":78},[68,8925,286],{"class":74},[68,8927,79],{"class":78},[68,8929,665],{"class":138},[68,8931,142],{"class":78},[68,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,8935,129],{"class":128},[68,8937,79],{"class":78},[68,8939,75],{"class":74},[68,8941,79],{"class":78},[68,8943,665],{"class":138},[68,8945,142],{"class":78},[68,8947,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,8949,129],{"class":128},[68,8951,79],{"class":78},[68,8953,665],{"class":138},[68,8955,85],{"class":78},[68,8957,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,8959,129],{"class":128},[68,8961,79],{"class":78},[68,8963,652],{"class":138},[68,8965,4733],{"class":110},[68,8967,115],{"class":114},[68,8969,290],{"class":118},[68,8971,344],{"class":114},[68,8973,85],{"class":78},[68,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,8977,129],{"class":128},[68,8979,79],{"class":78},[68,8981,665],{"class":138},[68,8983,236],{"class":78},[68,8985,8668],{"class":138},[68,8987,8671],{"class":78},[68,8989,8674],{"class":138},[68,8991,7231],{"class":78},[20,8993,8994],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,8996,8997,9000,9003,9006],{},[36,8998,8999],{},"what the value really is",[36,9001,9002],{},"whether it is a string",[36,9004,9005],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,9007,9008],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9010,9011,9012,236],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[49,9013,963],{"href":962},[93,9015,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,9017,9019],{"id":9018},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9021,9022,9023,384,9025,236],{},"It returns either ",[15,9024,290],{},[15,9026,293],{},[1470,9028,9030],{"id":9029},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9032,5191,9033,236],{},[15,9034,293],{},[1470,9036,9038],{"id":9037},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9040,9041,9042,236],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9043,290],{},[1470,9045,9047],{"id":9046},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9049,9050,9051,236],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9052,293],{},[1470,9054,9056],{"id":9055},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9058,9059,9060,384,9062,3783],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9061,290],{},[15,9063,293],{},[93,9065,1952],{"id":1951},[33,9067,9068,9073,9077,9082,9086,9090],{},[36,9069,9070],{},[49,9071,9072],{"href":5817},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,9074,9075],{},[49,9076,8146],{"href":8145},[36,9078,9079],{},[49,9080,9081],{"href":51},"Python input() function explained",[36,9083,9084],{},[49,9085,8476],{"href":2366},[36,9087,9088],{},[49,9089,1975],{"href":962},[36,9091,9092],{},[49,9093,9094],{"href":7247},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1995,9096,9097],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":9099},[9100,9101,9102,9103,9104,9105,9111,9117,9118,9126,9127,9134],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":7185,"depth":125,"text":7186},{"id":7251,"depth":125,"text":7252},{"id":7370,"depth":125,"text":7371},{"id":7565,"depth":125,"text":7566},{"id":7796,"depth":125,"text":7797,"children":9106},[9107,9108,9109,9110],{"id":7806,"depth":145,"text":7807},{"id":7904,"depth":145,"text":7905},{"id":7988,"depth":145,"text":7989},{"id":8061,"depth":145,"text":8062},{"id":8149,"depth":125,"text":8150,"children":9112},[9113,9115],{"id":8162,"depth":145,"text":9114},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8202,"depth":145,"text":9116},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8317,"depth":125,"text":8318},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":9119},[9120,9122,9123,9124],{"id":8486,"depth":145,"text":9121},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8582,"depth":145,"text":8583},{"id":8707,"depth":145,"text":8708},{"id":8814,"depth":145,"text":9125},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8905,"depth":125,"text":8906},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":9128},[9129,9130,9131,9132,9133],{"id":9018,"depth":145,"text":9019},{"id":9029,"depth":145,"text":9030},{"id":9037,"depth":145,"text":9038},{"id":9046,"depth":145,"text":9047},{"id":9055,"depth":145,"text":9056},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7013,"description":9135},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9142,"title":9143,"body":9144,"description":11334,"extension":2033,"meta":11335,"navigation":148,"path":11336,"seo":11337,"stem":11338,"__hash__":11339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9145,"toc":11296},[9146,9152,9158,9165,9170,9181,9188,9295,9299,9367,9372,9377,9382,9385,9396,9401,9404,9415,9422,9424,9429,9433,9458,9462,9471,9475,9538,9542,9575,9579,9624,9628,9665,9669,9672,9728,9732,9778,9781,9786,9825,9829,9852,9855,9869,9882,9886,9891,9958,9962,9998,10001,10009,10012,10076,10080,10112,10118,10120,10180,10187,10190,10268,10272,10305,10309,10312,10356,10360,10396,10399,10416,10419,10422,10475,10478,10489,10496,10505,10508,10565,10569,10610,10617,10625,10631,10639,10651,10656,10667,10740,10743,10755,10771,10775,10780,10784,10786,10829,10835,10838,10901,10905,10908,10917,10922,10959,10963,10966,10974,10977,11016,11020,11023,11074,11078,11099,11106,11108,11114,11140,11143,11198,11201,11212,11214,11221,11229,11235,11240,11247,11250,11257,11264,11266,11293],[10,9147,13,9149,18],{"id":9148},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9150,9151],{},"dict()",[20,9153,9154,9155,9157],{},"The built-in ",[15,9156,9151],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9159,9160,9161,9164],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1301,9162,9163],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9166,9167,9169],{},[15,9168,9151],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,9171,9172,9175,9178],{},[36,9173,9174],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,9176,9177],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,9179,9180],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9182,9183,9184,236],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[49,9185,9187],{"href":9186},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[59,9189,9191],{"className":61,"code":9190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9192,9193,9226,9237,9241,9280],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9194,9195,9198,9200,9202,9204,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9220,9222,9224],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9196,9197],{"class":106},"data ",[68,9199,111],{"class":110},[68,9201,1183],{"class":74},[68,9203,79],{"class":78},[68,9205,139],{"class":9206},"s99_P",[68,9208,111],{"class":110},[68,9210,203],{"class":114},[68,9212,119],{"class":118},[68,9214,203],{"class":114},[68,9216,472],{"class":78},[68,9218,9219],{"class":9206}," age",[68,9221,111],{"class":110},[68,9223,902],{"class":160},[68,9225,85],{"class":78},[68,9227,9228,9230,9232,9235],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9229,129],{"class":128},[68,9231,79],{"class":78},[68,9233,9234],{"class":138},"data",[68,9236,85],{"class":78},[68,9238,9239],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,9240,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,9242,9243,9246,9248,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9264,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,9244,9245],{"class":106},"pairs ",[68,9247,111],{"class":110},[68,9249,9250],{"class":78}," [(",[68,9252,203],{"class":114},[68,9254,49],{"class":118},[68,9256,203],{"class":114},[68,9258,472],{"class":78},[68,9260,5539],{"class":160},[68,9262,9263],{"class":78},"),",[68,9265,9266],{"class":78}," (",[68,9268,203],{"class":114},[68,9270,4806],{"class":118},[68,9272,203],{"class":114},[68,9274,472],{"class":78},[68,9276,475],{"class":160},[68,9278,9279],{"class":78},")]\n",[68,9281,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9293],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,9283,129],{"class":128},[68,9285,79],{"class":78},[68,9287,280],{"class":74},[68,9289,79],{"class":78},[68,9291,9292],{"class":138},"pairs",[68,9294,142],{"class":78},[20,9296,9297],{},[1301,9298,180],{},[59,9300,9302],{"className":61,"code":9301,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9303,9304,9339],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9305,9306,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9336],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9307,9308],{"class":78},"{",[68,9310,203],{"class":114},[68,9312,139],{"class":118},[68,9314,203],{"class":114},[68,9316,503],{"class":78},[68,9318,197],{"class":114},[68,9320,119],{"class":118},[68,9322,203],{"class":114},[68,9324,472],{"class":78},[68,9326,197],{"class":114},[68,9328,395],{"class":118},[68,9330,203],{"class":114},[68,9332,503],{"class":78},[68,9334,9335],{"class":160}," 25",[68,9337,9338],{"class":78},"}\n",[68,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9342,9308],{"class":78},[68,9344,203],{"class":114},[68,9346,49],{"class":118},[68,9348,203],{"class":114},[68,9350,503],{"class":78},[68,9352,5539],{"class":160},[68,9354,472],{"class":78},[68,9356,197],{"class":114},[68,9358,4806],{"class":118},[68,9360,203],{"class":114},[68,9362,503],{"class":78},[68,9364,475],{"class":160},[68,9366,9338],{"class":78},[20,9368,224,9369,9371],{},[15,9370,9151],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[93,9373,3722,9375,3725],{"id":9374},"what-dict-does",[15,9376,9151],{},[20,9378,9379,9381],{},[15,9380,9151],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9383,9384],{},"A dictionary:",[33,9386,9387,9390,9393],{},[36,9388,9389],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,9391,9392],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,9394,9395],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9397,9398,9400],{},[15,9399,9151],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9402,9403],{},"Common uses include:",[33,9405,9406,9409,9412],{},[36,9407,9408],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,9410,9411],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,9413,9414],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9416,9417,9418,236],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[49,9419,9421],{"href":9420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[93,9423,303],{"id":302},[20,9425,9426,9428],{},[15,9427,9151],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1470,9430,9432],{"id":9431},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[59,9434,9436],{"className":61,"code":9435,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9437,9438,9448],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9439,9440,9442,9444,9446],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9441,9197],{"class":106},[68,9443,111],{"class":110},[68,9445,1183],{"class":74},[68,9447,8677],{"class":78},[68,9449,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9451,129],{"class":128},[68,9453,79],{"class":78},[68,9455,9234],{"class":138},[68,9457,85],{"class":78},[20,9459,9460],{},[1301,9461,180],{},[59,9463,9465],{"className":61,"code":9464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{}\n",[15,9466,9467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9468,9469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9470,9464],{"class":78},[1470,9472,9474],{"id":9473},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[59,9476,9478],{"className":61,"code":9477,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9479,9480,9514,9528],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9481,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9483,9245],{"class":106},[68,9485,111],{"class":110},[68,9487,9250],{"class":78},[68,9489,203],{"class":114},[68,9491,49],{"class":118},[68,9493,203],{"class":114},[68,9495,472],{"class":78},[68,9497,5539],{"class":160},[68,9499,9263],{"class":78},[68,9501,9266],{"class":78},[68,9503,203],{"class":114},[68,9505,4806],{"class":118},[68,9507,203],{"class":114},[68,9509,472],{"class":78},[68,9511,475],{"class":160},[68,9513,9279],{"class":78},[68,9515,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9517,9197],{"class":106},[68,9519,111],{"class":110},[68,9521,1183],{"class":74},[68,9523,79],{"class":78},[68,9525,9292],{"class":138},[68,9527,85],{"class":78},[68,9529,9530,9532,9534,9536],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,9531,129],{"class":128},[68,9533,79],{"class":78},[68,9535,9234],{"class":138},[68,9537,85],{"class":78},[20,9539,9540],{},[1301,9541,180],{},[59,9543,9545],{"className":61,"code":9544,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9546,9547],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9548,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9550,9308],{"class":78},[68,9552,203],{"class":114},[68,9554,49],{"class":118},[68,9556,203],{"class":114},[68,9558,503],{"class":78},[68,9560,5539],{"class":160},[68,9562,472],{"class":78},[68,9564,197],{"class":114},[68,9566,4806],{"class":118},[68,9568,203],{"class":114},[68,9570,503],{"class":78},[68,9572,475],{"class":160},[68,9574,9338],{"class":78},[1470,9576,9578],{"id":9577},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[59,9580,9582],{"className":61,"code":9581,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9583,9584,9614],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9585,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9587,9197],{"class":106},[68,9589,111],{"class":110},[68,9591,1183],{"class":74},[68,9593,79],{"class":78},[68,9595,139],{"class":9206},[68,9597,111],{"class":110},[68,9599,203],{"class":114},[68,9601,119],{"class":118},[68,9603,203],{"class":114},[68,9605,472],{"class":78},[68,9607,9219],{"class":9206},[68,9609,111],{"class":110},[68,9611,902],{"class":160},[68,9613,85],{"class":78},[68,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9617,129],{"class":128},[68,9619,79],{"class":78},[68,9621,9234],{"class":138},[68,9623,85],{"class":78},[20,9625,9626],{},[1301,9627,180],{},[59,9629,9631],{"className":61,"code":9630,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9632,9633],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9636,9308],{"class":78},[68,9638,203],{"class":114},[68,9640,139],{"class":118},[68,9642,203],{"class":114},[68,9644,503],{"class":78},[68,9646,197],{"class":114},[68,9648,119],{"class":118},[68,9650,203],{"class":114},[68,9652,472],{"class":78},[68,9654,197],{"class":114},[68,9656,395],{"class":118},[68,9658,203],{"class":114},[68,9660,503],{"class":78},[68,9662,9335],{"class":160},[68,9664,9338],{"class":78},[1470,9666,9668],{"id":9667},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9670,9671],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[59,9673,9675],{"className":61,"code":9674,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9676,9677,9718],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9678,9679,9681,9683,9685,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9712,9714,9716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9680,9197],{"class":106},[68,9682,111],{"class":110},[68,9684,1183],{"class":74},[68,9686,9687],{"class":78},"([(",[68,9689,203],{"class":114},[68,9691,49],{"class":118},[68,9693,203],{"class":114},[68,9695,472],{"class":78},[68,9697,5539],{"class":160},[68,9699,9700],{"class":78},")],",[68,9702,2623],{"class":9206},[68,9704,111],{"class":110},[68,9706,2129],{"class":160},[68,9708,472],{"class":78},[68,9710,9711],{"class":9206}," c",[68,9713,111],{"class":110},[68,9715,2135],{"class":160},[68,9717,85],{"class":78},[68,9719,9720,9722,9724,9726],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9721,129],{"class":128},[68,9723,79],{"class":78},[68,9725,9234],{"class":138},[68,9727,85],{"class":78},[20,9729,9730],{},[1301,9731,180],{},[59,9733,9735],{"className":61,"code":9734,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9736,9737],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9738,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9770,9772,9774,9776],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9740,9308],{"class":78},[68,9742,203],{"class":114},[68,9744,49],{"class":118},[68,9746,203],{"class":114},[68,9748,503],{"class":78},[68,9750,5539],{"class":160},[68,9752,472],{"class":78},[68,9754,197],{"class":114},[68,9756,4806],{"class":118},[68,9758,203],{"class":114},[68,9760,503],{"class":78},[68,9762,475],{"class":160},[68,9764,472],{"class":78},[68,9766,197],{"class":114},[68,9768,9769],{"class":118},"c",[68,9771,203],{"class":114},[68,9773,503],{"class":78},[68,9775,480],{"class":160},[68,9777,9338],{"class":78},[93,9779,9432],{"id":9780},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9782,224,9783,9785],{},[15,9784,9151],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[59,9787,9789],{"className":61,"code":9788,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9790,9791,9801,9815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9792,9793,9795,9797,9799],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9794,9197],{"class":106},[68,9796,111],{"class":110},[68,9798,1183],{"class":74},[68,9800,8677],{"class":78},[68,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9804,129],{"class":128},[68,9806,79],{"class":78},[68,9808,75],{"class":74},[68,9810,79],{"class":78},[68,9812,9234],{"class":138},[68,9814,142],{"class":78},[68,9816,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,9818,129],{"class":128},[68,9820,79],{"class":78},[68,9822,9234],{"class":138},[68,9824,85],{"class":78},[20,9826,9827],{},[1301,9828,180],{},[59,9830,9832],{"className":61,"code":9831,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9833,9834,9848],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9835,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9837,190],{"class":110},[68,9839,194],{"class":193},[68,9841,197],{"class":114},[68,9843,280],{"class":118},[68,9845,203],{"class":114},[68,9847,206],{"class":110},[68,9849,9850],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9851,9464],{"class":78},[20,9853,9854],{},"This gives the same result as:",[59,9856,9858],{"className":61,"code":9857,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\n",[15,9859,9860],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9861,9862,9864,9866],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9863,9197],{"class":106},[68,9865,111],{"class":110},[68,9867,9868],{"class":78}," {}\n",[20,9870,9871,9872,9874,9875,9878,9879,9881],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9873,3838],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9876,9877],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9880,9151],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[93,9883,9885],{"id":9884},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9887,9888,9889,236],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9890,9151],{},[59,9892,9894],{"className":61,"code":9893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9895,9896,9934,9948],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9897,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9899,9245],{"class":106},[68,9901,111],{"class":110},[68,9903,9250],{"class":78},[68,9905,203],{"class":114},[68,9907,139],{"class":118},[68,9909,203],{"class":114},[68,9911,472],{"class":78},[68,9913,197],{"class":114},[68,9915,119],{"class":118},[68,9917,203],{"class":114},[68,9919,9263],{"class":78},[68,9921,9266],{"class":78},[68,9923,203],{"class":114},[68,9925,395],{"class":118},[68,9927,203],{"class":114},[68,9929,472],{"class":78},[68,9931,9335],{"class":160},[68,9933,9279],{"class":78},[68,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,9937,9197],{"class":106},[68,9939,111],{"class":110},[68,9941,1183],{"class":74},[68,9943,79],{"class":78},[68,9945,9292],{"class":138},[68,9947,85],{"class":78},[68,9949,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,9951,129],{"class":128},[68,9953,79],{"class":78},[68,9955,9234],{"class":138},[68,9957,85],{"class":78},[20,9959,9960],{},[1301,9961,180],{},[59,9963,9964],{"className":61,"code":9630,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,9965,9966],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,9969,9308],{"class":78},[68,9971,203],{"class":114},[68,9973,139],{"class":118},[68,9975,203],{"class":114},[68,9977,503],{"class":78},[68,9979,197],{"class":114},[68,9981,119],{"class":118},[68,9983,203],{"class":114},[68,9985,472],{"class":78},[68,9987,197],{"class":114},[68,9989,395],{"class":118},[68,9991,203],{"class":114},[68,9993,503],{"class":78},[68,9995,9335],{"class":160},[68,9997,9338],{"class":78},[20,9999,10000],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,10002,10003,10006],{},[36,10004,10005],{},"the first item as the key",[36,10007,10008],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10010,10011],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[59,10013,10015],{"className":61,"code":10014,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10016,10017,10052,10066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10018,10019,10021,10023,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10020,9245],{"class":106},[68,10022,111],{"class":110},[68,10024,10025],{"class":78}," ((",[68,10027,203],{"class":114},[68,10029,49],{"class":118},[68,10031,203],{"class":114},[68,10033,472],{"class":78},[68,10035,5539],{"class":160},[68,10037,9263],{"class":78},[68,10039,9266],{"class":78},[68,10041,203],{"class":114},[68,10043,4806],{"class":118},[68,10045,203],{"class":114},[68,10047,472],{"class":78},[68,10049,475],{"class":160},[68,10051,142],{"class":78},[68,10053,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10055,9197],{"class":106},[68,10057,111],{"class":110},[68,10059,1183],{"class":74},[68,10061,79],{"class":78},[68,10063,9292],{"class":138},[68,10065,85],{"class":78},[68,10067,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,10069,129],{"class":128},[68,10071,79],{"class":78},[68,10073,9234],{"class":138},[68,10075,85],{"class":78},[20,10077,10078],{},[1301,10079,180],{},[59,10081,10082],{"className":61,"code":9544,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,10083,10084],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10085,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10087,9308],{"class":78},[68,10089,203],{"class":114},[68,10091,49],{"class":118},[68,10093,203],{"class":114},[68,10095,503],{"class":78},[68,10097,5539],{"class":160},[68,10099,472],{"class":78},[68,10101,197],{"class":114},[68,10103,4806],{"class":118},[68,10105,203],{"class":114},[68,10107,503],{"class":78},[68,10109,475],{"class":160},[68,10111,9338],{"class":78},[20,10113,10114,10115,236],{},"Each item must contain ",[1301,10116,10117],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10119,2899],{},[59,10121,10123],{"className":61,"code":10122,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10124,10125,10165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10126,10127,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10128,10129],{"class":106},"bad_data ",[68,10131,111],{"class":110},[68,10133,9250],{"class":78},[68,10135,203],{"class":114},[68,10137,49],{"class":118},[68,10139,203],{"class":114},[68,10141,472],{"class":78},[68,10143,5539],{"class":160},[68,10145,472],{"class":78},[68,10147,10148],{"class":160}," 100",[68,10150,9263],{"class":78},[68,10152,9266],{"class":78},[68,10154,203],{"class":114},[68,10156,4806],{"class":118},[68,10158,203],{"class":114},[68,10160,472],{"class":78},[68,10162,475],{"class":160},[68,10164,9279],{"class":78},[68,10166,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10178],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10168,2297],{"class":106},[68,10170,111],{"class":110},[68,10172,1183],{"class":74},[68,10174,79],{"class":78},[68,10176,10177],{"class":138},"bad_data",[68,10179,85],{"class":78},[20,10181,10182,10183,10186],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10184,10185],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10188,10189],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[59,10191,10193],{"className":61,"code":10192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10194,10195,10244,10258],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10196,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10198,9245],{"class":106},[68,10200,111],{"class":110},[68,10202,9250],{"class":78},[68,10204,203],{"class":114},[68,10206,49],{"class":118},[68,10208,203],{"class":114},[68,10210,472],{"class":78},[68,10212,5539],{"class":160},[68,10214,9263],{"class":78},[68,10216,9266],{"class":78},[68,10218,203],{"class":114},[68,10220,49],{"class":118},[68,10222,203],{"class":114},[68,10224,472],{"class":78},[68,10226,10227],{"class":160}," 99",[68,10229,9263],{"class":78},[68,10231,9266],{"class":78},[68,10233,203],{"class":114},[68,10235,4806],{"class":118},[68,10237,203],{"class":114},[68,10239,472],{"class":78},[68,10241,475],{"class":160},[68,10243,9279],{"class":78},[68,10245,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10247,9197],{"class":106},[68,10249,111],{"class":110},[68,10251,1183],{"class":74},[68,10253,79],{"class":78},[68,10255,9292],{"class":138},[68,10257,85],{"class":78},[68,10259,10260,10262,10264,10266],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,10261,129],{"class":128},[68,10263,79],{"class":78},[68,10265,9234],{"class":138},[68,10267,85],{"class":78},[20,10269,10270],{},[1301,10271,180],{},[59,10273,10275],{"className":61,"code":10274,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10276,10277],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10278,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10280,9308],{"class":78},[68,10282,203],{"class":114},[68,10284,49],{"class":118},[68,10286,203],{"class":114},[68,10288,503],{"class":78},[68,10290,10227],{"class":160},[68,10292,472],{"class":78},[68,10294,197],{"class":114},[68,10296,4806],{"class":118},[68,10298,203],{"class":114},[68,10300,503],{"class":78},[68,10302,475],{"class":160},[68,10304,9338],{"class":78},[93,10306,10308],{"id":10307},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10310,10311],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[59,10313,10314],{"className":61,"code":9581,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,10315,10316,10346],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10317,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10319,9197],{"class":106},[68,10321,111],{"class":110},[68,10323,1183],{"class":74},[68,10325,79],{"class":78},[68,10327,139],{"class":9206},[68,10329,111],{"class":110},[68,10331,203],{"class":114},[68,10333,119],{"class":118},[68,10335,203],{"class":114},[68,10337,472],{"class":78},[68,10339,9219],{"class":9206},[68,10341,111],{"class":110},[68,10343,902],{"class":160},[68,10345,85],{"class":78},[68,10347,10348,10350,10352,10354],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10349,129],{"class":128},[68,10351,79],{"class":78},[68,10353,9234],{"class":138},[68,10355,85],{"class":78},[20,10357,10358],{},[1301,10359,180],{},[59,10361,10362],{"className":61,"code":9630,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,10363,10364],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10365,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10367,9308],{"class":78},[68,10369,203],{"class":114},[68,10371,139],{"class":118},[68,10373,203],{"class":114},[68,10375,503],{"class":78},[68,10377,197],{"class":114},[68,10379,119],{"class":118},[68,10381,203],{"class":114},[68,10383,472],{"class":78},[68,10385,197],{"class":114},[68,10387,395],{"class":118},[68,10389,203],{"class":114},[68,10391,503],{"class":78},[68,10393,9335],{"class":160},[68,10395,9338],{"class":78},[20,10397,10398],{},"In this form:",[33,10400,10401,10409],{},[36,10402,10403,10405,10406],{},[15,10404,139],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10407,10408],{},"'name'",[36,10410,10411,10405,10413],{},[15,10412,395],{},[15,10414,10415],{},"'age'",[20,10417,10418],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10420,10421],{},"Valid examples:",[59,10423,10425],{"className":61,"code":10424,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10426,10427,10465],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10428,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10440,10442,10444,10447,10449,10451,10454,10456,10458,10461,10463],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10430,9197],{"class":106},[68,10432,111],{"class":110},[68,10434,1183],{"class":74},[68,10436,79],{"class":78},[68,10438,10439],{"class":9206},"city",[68,10441,111],{"class":110},[68,10443,203],{"class":114},[68,10445,10446],{"class":118},"Paris",[68,10448,203],{"class":114},[68,10450,472],{"class":78},[68,10452,10453],{"class":9206}," country",[68,10455,111],{"class":110},[68,10457,203],{"class":114},[68,10459,10460],{"class":118},"France",[68,10462,203],{"class":114},[68,10464,85],{"class":78},[68,10466,10467,10469,10471,10473],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10468,129],{"class":128},[68,10470,79],{"class":78},[68,10472,9234],{"class":138},[68,10474,85],{"class":78},[20,10476,10477],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,10479,10480,10483,10486],{},[36,10481,10482],{},"spaces",[36,10484,10485],{},"hyphens",[36,10487,10488],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10490,10491,10492,10495],{},"For example, this is ",[1301,10493,10494],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[59,10497,10499],{"className":61,"code":10498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10500,10501],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10502,10503],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10504,10498],{"class":3708},[20,10506,10507],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[59,10509,10511],{"className":61,"code":10510,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10512,10513,10555],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10514,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10516,9197],{"class":106},[68,10518,111],{"class":110},[68,10520,1221],{"class":78},[68,10522,203],{"class":114},[68,10524,10525],{"class":118},"first-name",[68,10527,203],{"class":114},[68,10529,503],{"class":78},[68,10531,197],{"class":114},[68,10533,7714],{"class":118},[68,10535,203],{"class":114},[68,10537,472],{"class":78},[68,10539,197],{"class":114},[68,10541,10542],{"class":118},"first name",[68,10544,203],{"class":114},[68,10546,503],{"class":78},[68,10548,197],{"class":114},[68,10550,7714],{"class":118},[68,10552,203],{"class":114},[68,10554,9338],{"class":78},[68,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10558,129],{"class":128},[68,10560,79],{"class":78},[68,10562,9234],{"class":138},[68,10564,85],{"class":78},[20,10566,10567],{},[1301,10568,180],{},[59,10570,10572],{"className":61,"code":10571,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10573,10574],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10577,9308],{"class":78},[68,10579,203],{"class":114},[68,10581,10525],{"class":118},[68,10583,203],{"class":114},[68,10585,503],{"class":78},[68,10587,197],{"class":114},[68,10589,7714],{"class":118},[68,10591,203],{"class":114},[68,10593,472],{"class":78},[68,10595,197],{"class":114},[68,10597,10542],{"class":118},[68,10599,203],{"class":114},[68,10601,503],{"class":78},[68,10603,197],{"class":114},[68,10605,7714],{"class":118},[68,10607,203],{"class":114},[68,10609,9338],{"class":78},[93,10611,10613,969,10615],{"id":10612},"dict-vs",[15,10614,9151],{},[15,10616,3838],{},[20,10618,10619,10620,232,10622,10624],{},"Both ",[15,10621,9151],{},[15,10623,3838],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1470,10626,224,10628,10630],{"id":10627},"use-when",[15,10629,3838],{}," when:",[33,10632,10633,10636],{},[36,10634,10635],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,10637,10638],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[59,10640,10641],{"className":61,"code":9857,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,10642,10643],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10644,10645,10647,10649],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10646,9197],{"class":106},[68,10648,111],{"class":110},[68,10650,9868],{"class":78},[1470,10652,224,10654,10630],{"id":10653},"use-dict-when",[15,10655,9151],{},[33,10657,10658,10661,10664],{},[36,10659,10660],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,10662,10663],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,10665,10666],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[59,10668,10670],{"className":61,"code":10669,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10671,10672,10709],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10673,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10675,9197],{"class":106},[68,10677,111],{"class":110},[68,10679,1183],{"class":74},[68,10681,9687],{"class":78},[68,10683,203],{"class":114},[68,10685,49],{"class":118},[68,10687,203],{"class":114},[68,10689,472],{"class":78},[68,10691,5539],{"class":160},[68,10693,9263],{"class":78},[68,10695,9266],{"class":78},[68,10697,203],{"class":114},[68,10699,4806],{"class":118},[68,10701,203],{"class":114},[68,10703,472],{"class":78},[68,10705,475],{"class":160},[68,10707,10708],{"class":78},")])\n",[68,10710,10711,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10712,10713],{"class":106},"info ",[68,10715,111],{"class":110},[68,10717,1183],{"class":74},[68,10719,79],{"class":78},[68,10721,139],{"class":9206},[68,10723,111],{"class":110},[68,10725,203],{"class":114},[68,10727,119],{"class":118},[68,10729,203],{"class":114},[68,10731,472],{"class":78},[68,10733,9219],{"class":9206},[68,10735,111],{"class":110},[68,10737,902],{"class":160},[68,10739,85],{"class":78},[20,10741,10742],{},"So:",[33,10744,10745,10750],{},[36,10746,10747,10749],{},[15,10748,3838],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,10751,10752,10754],{},[15,10753,9151],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10756,10757,10758,10762,10763,236],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[49,10759,10761],{"href":10760},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[49,10764,10766,10767,10770],{"href":10765},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10768,10769],{},"get()"," method",[93,10772,10774],{"id":10773},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10776,10777,10778,236],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10779,9151],{},[1470,10781,10783],{"id":10782},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10785,4570],{},[59,10787,10789],{"className":61,"code":10788,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10790,10791,10815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10794,7817],{"class":106},[68,10796,111],{"class":110},[68,10798,725],{"class":78},[68,10800,203],{"class":114},[68,10802,49],{"class":118},[68,10804,203],{"class":114},[68,10806,472],{"class":78},[68,10808,197],{"class":114},[68,10810,4806],{"class":118},[68,10812,203],{"class":114},[68,10814,730],{"class":78},[68,10816,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10818,9197],{"class":106},[68,10820,111],{"class":110},[68,10822,1183],{"class":74},[68,10824,79],{"class":78},[68,10826,7848],{"class":138},[68,10828,85],{"class":78},[20,10830,10831,10832,236],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10833,10834],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10836,10837],{},"Correct version:",[59,10839,10841],{"className":61,"code":10840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10842,10843,10877,10891],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10844,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10846,7817],{"class":106},[68,10848,111],{"class":110},[68,10850,9250],{"class":78},[68,10852,203],{"class":114},[68,10854,49],{"class":118},[68,10856,203],{"class":114},[68,10858,472],{"class":78},[68,10860,5539],{"class":160},[68,10862,9263],{"class":78},[68,10864,9266],{"class":78},[68,10866,203],{"class":114},[68,10868,4806],{"class":118},[68,10870,203],{"class":114},[68,10872,472],{"class":78},[68,10874,475],{"class":160},[68,10876,9279],{"class":78},[68,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10880,9197],{"class":106},[68,10882,111],{"class":110},[68,10884,1183],{"class":74},[68,10886,79],{"class":78},[68,10888,7848],{"class":138},[68,10890,85],{"class":78},[68,10892,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,10894,129],{"class":128},[68,10896,79],{"class":78},[68,10898,9234],{"class":138},[68,10900,85],{"class":78},[1470,10902,10904],{"id":10903},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10906,10907],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[59,10909,10911],{"className":61,"code":10910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10912,10913],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10914,10915],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10916,10910],{"class":3708},[20,10918,10919,10920,503],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10921,111],{},[59,10923,10925],{"className":61,"code":10924,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10926,10927,10949],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10928,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10930,9197],{"class":106},[68,10932,111],{"class":110},[68,10934,1183],{"class":74},[68,10936,79],{"class":78},[68,10938,139],{"class":9206},[68,10940,111],{"class":110},[68,10942,203],{"class":114},[68,10944,119],{"class":118},[68,10946,203],{"class":114},[68,10948,85],{"class":78},[68,10950,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,10952,129],{"class":128},[68,10954,79],{"class":78},[68,10956,9234],{"class":138},[68,10958,85],{"class":78},[1470,10960,10962],{"id":10961},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10964,10965],{},"This will not work:",[59,10967,10968],{"className":61,"code":10498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,10969,10970],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10971,10972],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10973,10498],{"class":3708},[20,10975,10976],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[59,10978,10980],{"className":61,"code":10979,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10981,10982,11006],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,10983,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,10985,9197],{"class":106},[68,10987,111],{"class":110},[68,10989,1221],{"class":78},[68,10991,203],{"class":114},[68,10993,10525],{"class":118},[68,10995,203],{"class":114},[68,10997,503],{"class":78},[68,10999,197],{"class":114},[68,11001,7714],{"class":118},[68,11003,203],{"class":114},[68,11005,9338],{"class":78},[68,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11009,129],{"class":128},[68,11011,79],{"class":78},[68,11013,9234],{"class":138},[68,11015,85],{"class":78},[1470,11017,11019],{"id":11018},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11021,11022],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[59,11024,11026],{"className":61,"code":11025,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11027,11028,11064],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11029,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11031,9197],{"class":106},[68,11033,111],{"class":110},[68,11035,1183],{"class":74},[68,11037,9687],{"class":78},[68,11039,203],{"class":114},[68,11041,2245],{"class":118},[68,11043,203],{"class":114},[68,11045,472],{"class":78},[68,11047,5539],{"class":160},[68,11049,9263],{"class":78},[68,11051,9266],{"class":78},[68,11053,203],{"class":114},[68,11055,2245],{"class":118},[68,11057,203],{"class":114},[68,11059,472],{"class":78},[68,11061,475],{"class":160},[68,11063,10708],{"class":78},[68,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11067,129],{"class":128},[68,11069,79],{"class":78},[68,11071,9234],{"class":138},[68,11073,85],{"class":78},[20,11075,11076],{},[1301,11077,180],{},[59,11079,11081],{"className":61,"code":11080,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11082,11083],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11084,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11086,9308],{"class":78},[68,11088,203],{"class":114},[68,11090,2245],{"class":118},[68,11092,203],{"class":114},[68,11094,503],{"class":78},[68,11096,475],{"class":160},[68,11098,9338],{"class":78},[20,11100,11101,11102,236],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[49,11103,11105],{"href":11104},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[93,11107,1750],{"id":1749},[20,11109,11110,11111,11113],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11112,9151],{}," include:",[33,11115,11116,11125,11131,11134],{},[36,11117,11118,11119,1776,11122],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11120,11121],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11123,11124],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,11126,11127,11128],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11129,11130],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,11132,11133],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,11135,11136,11137,11139],{},"confusing ",[15,11138,9151],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11141,11142],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[59,11144,11146],{"className":61,"code":11145,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11147,11148,11162,11172,11183],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11149,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11151,129],{"class":128},[68,11153,79],{"class":78},[68,11155,75],{"class":74},[68,11157,79],{"class":78},[68,11159,9234],{"class":138},[68,11161,142],{"class":78},[68,11163,11164,11166,11168,11170],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11165,129],{"class":128},[68,11167,79],{"class":78},[68,11169,9234],{"class":138},[68,11171,85],{"class":78},[68,11173,11174,11176,11178,11181],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,11175,129],{"class":128},[68,11177,79],{"class":78},[68,11179,11180],{"class":138},"list_of_pairs",[68,11182,85],{"class":78},[68,11184,11185,11187,11189,11192,11194,11196],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,11186,129],{"class":128},[68,11188,79],{"class":78},[68,11190,11191],{"class":128},"len",[68,11193,79],{"class":78},[68,11195,11180],{"class":138},[68,11197,142],{"class":78},[20,11199,11200],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,11202,11203,11206,11209],{},[36,11204,11205],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,11207,11208],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,11210,11211],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[93,11213,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,11215,5221,11217,232,11219,1906],{"id":11216},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11218,9151],{},[15,11220,3838],{},[20,11222,11223,11225,11226,11228],{},[15,11224,3838],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11227,9151],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1470,11230,1939,11232,11234],{"id":11231},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11233,9151],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11236,11237,11238,236],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11239,11124],{},[1470,11241,1919,11243,11246],{"id":11242},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11244,11245],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11248,11249],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1470,11251,11253,11254,11256],{"id":11252},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11255,9151],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11258,11259,11260,11263],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11261,11262],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[93,11265,1952],{"id":1951},[33,11267,11268,11273,11277,11282,11288],{},[36,11269,11270],{},[49,11271,11272],{"href":9420},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,11274,11275],{},[49,11276,9187],{"href":9186},[36,11278,11279],{},[49,11280,11281],{"href":10760},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,11283,11284],{},[49,11285,10766,11286,10770],{"href":10765},[15,11287,10769],{},[36,11289,11290],{},[49,11291,11292],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1995,11294,11295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":11297},[11298,11300,11306,11307,11308,11309,11316,11322,11323,11333],{"id":9374,"depth":125,"text":11299},"What dict() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":11301},[11302,11303,11304,11305],{"id":9431,"depth":145,"text":9432},{"id":9473,"depth":145,"text":9474},{"id":9577,"depth":145,"text":9578},{"id":9667,"depth":145,"text":9668},{"id":9780,"depth":125,"text":9432},{"id":9884,"depth":125,"text":9885},{"id":10307,"depth":125,"text":10308},{"id":10612,"depth":125,"text":11310,"children":11311},"dict() vs {}",[11312,11314],{"id":10627,"depth":145,"text":11313},"Use {} when:",{"id":10653,"depth":145,"text":11315},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10773,"depth":125,"text":10774,"children":11317},[11318,11319,11320,11321],{"id":10782,"depth":145,"text":10783},{"id":10903,"depth":145,"text":10904},{"id":10961,"depth":145,"text":10962},{"id":11018,"depth":145,"text":11019},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":11324},[11325,11327,11329,11331],{"id":11216,"depth":145,"text":11326},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11231,"depth":145,"text":11328},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11242,"depth":145,"text":11330},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11252,"depth":145,"text":11332},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9143,"description":11334},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11341,"title":11342,"body":11343,"description":12854,"extension":2033,"meta":12855,"navigation":148,"path":12856,"seo":12857,"stem":12858,"__hash__":12859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11344,"toc":12823},[11345,11353,11359,11366,11368,11429,11434,11439,11444,11462,11465,11469,11471,11487,11490,11503,11507,11510,11644,11646,11713,11716,11732,11738,11744,11747,11829,11831,11845,11849,11855,11920,11922,11930,11933,11956,11962,12025,12031,12034,12048,12061,12065,12076,12081,12092,12099,12103,12109,12231,12233,12259,12262,12279,12282,12393,12395,12444,12446,12459,12468,12473,12477,12488,12490,12593,12616,12618,12622,12641,12644,12702,12705,12731,12733,12740,12743,12749,12753,12760,12768,12774,12777,12779,12820],[10,11346,11348,11349,11352],{"id":11347},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11350,11351],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11354,11355,11358],{},[15,11356,11357],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11360,11361,11362,11365],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1301,11363,11364],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[93,11367,2075],{"id":2074},[59,11369,11371],{"className":61,"code":11370,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11372,11373,11405,11416],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11374,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11376,9197],{"class":106},[68,11378,111],{"class":110},[68,11380,1221],{"class":78},[68,11382,344],{"class":114},[68,11384,49],{"class":118},[68,11386,344],{"class":114},[68,11388,503],{"class":78},[68,11390,5539],{"class":160},[68,11392,472],{"class":78},[68,11394,115],{"class":114},[68,11396,4806],{"class":118},[68,11398,344],{"class":114},[68,11400,503],{"class":78},[68,11402,475],{"class":160},[68,11404,9338],{"class":78},[68,11406,11407,11409,11411,11414],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11408,9234],{"class":106},[68,11410,236],{"class":78},[68,11412,11413],{"class":138},"clear",[68,11415,8677],{"class":78},[68,11417,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,11419,129],{"class":128},[68,11421,79],{"class":78},[68,11423,9234],{"class":138},[68,11425,1701],{"class":78},[68,11427,11428],{"class":3708},"  # {}\n",[20,11430,11431,11433],{},[15,11432,11351],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[93,11435,3722,11437,3725],{"id":11436},"what-clear-does",[15,11438,11351],{},[20,11440,2050,11441,11443],{},[15,11442,11351],{}," method:",[33,11445,11446,11449,11452,11457],{},[36,11447,11448],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,11450,11451],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,11453,11454,11455],{},"Returns ",[15,11456,3824],{},[36,11458,11459,11460],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11461,3838],{},[20,11463,11464],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11466,9183,11467,236],{},[49,11468,9187],{"href":9186},[93,11470,303],{"id":302},[59,11472,11474],{"className":61,"code":11473,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11475,11476],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11477,11478,11481,11483,11485],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11479,11480],{"class":106},"my_dict",[68,11482,236],{"class":78},[68,11484,11413],{"class":138},[68,11486,8677],{"class":78},[20,11488,11489],{},"Important points:",[33,11491,11492,11497,11500],{},[36,11493,11494,11496],{},[15,11495,11351],{}," takes no arguments",[36,11498,11499],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,11501,11502],{},"It empties that dictionary",[93,11504,11506],{"id":11505},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11508,11509],{},"Here is a basic example:",[59,11511,11513],{"className":61,"code":11512,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11514,11515,11525,11546,11560,11577,11581,11585,11605,11609,11620,11624],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11516,11517,11520,11522],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11518,11519],{"class":106},"user ",[68,11521,111],{"class":110},[68,11523,11524],{"class":78}," {\n",[68,11526,11527,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11541,11543],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11528,11529],{"class":114},"    \"",[68,11531,139],{"class":118},[68,11533,344],{"class":114},[68,11535,503],{"class":78},[68,11537,115],{"class":114},[68,11539,11540],{"class":118},"Maya",[68,11542,344],{"class":114},[68,11544,11545],{"class":78},",\n",[68,11547,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,11549,11529],{"class":114},[68,11551,395],{"class":118},[68,11553,344],{"class":114},[68,11555,503],{"class":78},[68,11557,9335],{"class":160},[68,11559,11545],{"class":78},[68,11561,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11575],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,11563,11529],{"class":114},[68,11565,10439],{"class":118},[68,11567,344],{"class":114},[68,11569,503],{"class":78},[68,11571,115],{"class":114},[68,11573,11574],{"class":118},"Berlin",[68,11576,122],{"class":114},[68,11578,11579],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,11580,9338],{"class":78},[68,11582,11583],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,11584,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11586,11587,11589,11591,11593,11596,11598,11600,11603],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,11588,129],{"class":128},[68,11590,79],{"class":78},[68,11592,344],{"class":114},[68,11594,11595],{"class":118},"Before:",[68,11597,344],{"class":114},[68,11599,472],{"class":78},[68,11601,11602],{"class":138}," user",[68,11604,85],{"class":78},[68,11606,11607],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,11608,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11610,11611,11614,11616,11618],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,11612,11613],{"class":106},"user",[68,11615,236],{"class":78},[68,11617,11413],{"class":138},[68,11619,8677],{"class":78},[68,11621,11622],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,11623,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11636,11638,11640,11642],{"class":70,"line":11626},11,[68,11628,129],{"class":128},[68,11630,79],{"class":78},[68,11632,344],{"class":114},[68,11634,11635],{"class":118},"After:",[68,11637,344],{"class":114},[68,11639,472],{"class":78},[68,11641,11602],{"class":138},[68,11643,85],{"class":78},[20,11645,5599],{},[59,11647,11649],{"className":61,"code":11648,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11650,11651,11704],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11652,11653,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11654,11655],{"class":106},"Before",[68,11657,503],{"class":78},[68,11659,1221],{"class":78},[68,11661,203],{"class":114},[68,11663,139],{"class":118},[68,11665,203],{"class":114},[68,11667,503],{"class":78},[68,11669,197],{"class":114},[68,11671,11540],{"class":118},[68,11673,203],{"class":114},[68,11675,472],{"class":78},[68,11677,197],{"class":114},[68,11679,395],{"class":118},[68,11681,203],{"class":114},[68,11683,503],{"class":78},[68,11685,9335],{"class":160},[68,11687,472],{"class":78},[68,11689,197],{"class":114},[68,11691,10439],{"class":118},[68,11693,203],{"class":114},[68,11695,503],{"class":78},[68,11697,197],{"class":114},[68,11699,11574],{"class":118},[68,11701,203],{"class":114},[68,11703,9338],{"class":78},[68,11705,11706,11709,11711],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11707,11708],{"class":106},"After",[68,11710,503],{"class":78},[68,11712,9868],{"class":78},[20,11714,11715],{},"What happens here:",[33,11717,11718,11723,11729],{},[36,11719,11720,11722],{},[15,11721,11613],{}," starts with three items",[36,11724,11725,11728],{},[15,11726,11727],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,11730,11731],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[93,11733,3722,11735,11737],{"id":11734},"what-clear-returns",[15,11736,11351],{}," returns",[20,11739,11740,1541,11742,236],{},[15,11741,11351],{},[15,11743,3824],{},[20,11745,11746],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[59,11748,11750],{"className":61,"code":11749,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11751,11752,11786,11790,11805,11809,11819],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11753,11754,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775,11778,11780,11782,11784],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11755,11756],{"class":106},"my_dict ",[68,11758,111],{"class":110},[68,11760,1221],{"class":78},[68,11762,344],{"class":114},[68,11764,2245],{"class":118},[68,11766,344],{"class":114},[68,11768,503],{"class":78},[68,11770,5539],{"class":160},[68,11772,472],{"class":78},[68,11774,115],{"class":114},[68,11776,11777],{"class":118},"y",[68,11779,344],{"class":114},[68,11781,503],{"class":78},[68,11783,475],{"class":160},[68,11785,9338],{"class":78},[68,11787,11788],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11789,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11791,11792,11794,11796,11799,11801,11803],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,11793,2297],{"class":106},[68,11795,111],{"class":110},[68,11797,11798],{"class":106}," my_dict",[68,11800,236],{"class":78},[68,11802,11413],{"class":138},[68,11804,8677],{"class":78},[68,11806,11807],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,11808,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11810,11811,11813,11815,11817],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,11812,129],{"class":128},[68,11814,79],{"class":78},[68,11816,2331],{"class":138},[68,11818,85],{"class":78},[68,11820,11821,11823,11825,11827],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,11822,129],{"class":128},[68,11824,79],{"class":78},[68,11826,11480],{"class":138},[68,11828,85],{"class":78},[20,11830,180],{},[59,11832,11834],{"className":61,"code":11833,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\n{}\n",[15,11835,11836,11841],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11837,11838],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11839,11840],{"class":526},"None\n",[68,11842,11843],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11844,9464],{"class":78},[1470,11846,11848],{"id":11847},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11850,11851,11852,11854],{},"Do ",[1301,11853,1303],{}," do this:",[59,11856,11858],{"className":61,"code":11857,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11859,11860,11892,11906,11910],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11861,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11863,11756],{"class":106},[68,11865,111],{"class":110},[68,11867,1221],{"class":78},[68,11869,344],{"class":114},[68,11871,2245],{"class":118},[68,11873,344],{"class":114},[68,11875,503],{"class":78},[68,11877,5539],{"class":160},[68,11879,472],{"class":78},[68,11881,115],{"class":114},[68,11883,11777],{"class":118},[68,11885,344],{"class":114},[68,11887,503],{"class":78},[68,11889,475],{"class":160},[68,11891,9338],{"class":78},[68,11893,11894,11896,11898,11900,11902,11904],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,11895,11756],{"class":106},[68,11897,111],{"class":110},[68,11899,11798],{"class":106},[68,11901,236],{"class":78},[68,11903,11413],{"class":138},[68,11905,8677],{"class":78},[68,11907,11908],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,11909,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,11911,11912,11914,11916,11918],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,11913,129],{"class":128},[68,11915,79],{"class":78},[68,11917,11480],{"class":138},[68,11919,85],{"class":78},[20,11921,180],{},[59,11923,11924],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,11925,11926],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11927,11928],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11929,11840],{"class":526},[20,11931,11932],{},"Why this happens:",[33,11934,11935,11941,11946],{},[36,11936,11937,11940],{},[15,11938,11939],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,11942,11943,11944],{},"The method returns ",[15,11945,3824],{},[36,11947,11948,11949,11952,11953,11955],{},"Then ",[15,11950,11951],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11954,3824],{}," in the variable",[20,11957,11958,11959,11961],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11960,11351],{}," by itself:",[59,11963,11965],{"className":61,"code":11964,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11966,11967,11999,12009,12013],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,11968,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,11970,11756],{"class":106},[68,11972,111],{"class":110},[68,11974,1221],{"class":78},[68,11976,344],{"class":114},[68,11978,2245],{"class":118},[68,11980,344],{"class":114},[68,11982,503],{"class":78},[68,11984,5539],{"class":160},[68,11986,472],{"class":78},[68,11988,115],{"class":114},[68,11990,11777],{"class":118},[68,11992,344],{"class":114},[68,11994,503],{"class":78},[68,11996,475],{"class":160},[68,11998,9338],{"class":78},[68,12000,12001,12003,12005,12007],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12002,11480],{"class":106},[68,12004,236],{"class":78},[68,12006,11413],{"class":138},[68,12008,8677],{"class":78},[68,12010,12011],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12012,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12014,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12016,129],{"class":128},[68,12018,79],{"class":78},[68,12020,11480],{"class":138},[68,12022,1701],{"class":78},[68,12024,11428],{"class":3708},[93,12026,12028,12030],{"id":12027},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12029,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12032,12033],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[59,12035,12036],{"className":61,"code":11473,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,12037,12038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12039,12040,12042,12044,12046],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12041,11480],{"class":106},[68,12043,236],{"class":78},[68,12045,11413],{"class":138},[68,12047,8677],{"class":78},[59,12049,12051],{"className":61,"code":12050,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12052,12053],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12054,12055,12057,12059],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12056,11756],{"class":106},[68,12058,111],{"class":110},[68,12060,9868],{"class":78},[1470,12062,12063],{"id":11413},[15,12064,11351],{},[33,12066,12067,12070,12073],{},[36,12068,12069],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,12071,12072],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,12074,12075],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1470,12077,12078],{"id":11480},[15,12079,12080],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,12082,12083,12086,12089],{},[36,12084,12085],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,12087,12088],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,12090,12091],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12093,12094,12095,236],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[49,12096,12098],{"href":12097},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[93,12100,12102],{"id":12101},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12104,12105,12106,12108],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12107,11351],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[59,12110,12112],{"className":61,"code":12111,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12113,12114,12147,12157,12161,12172,12176,12196,12216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12115,12116,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143,12145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12117,12118],{"class":106},"original ",[68,12120,111],{"class":110},[68,12122,1221],{"class":78},[68,12124,344],{"class":114},[68,12126,49],{"class":118},[68,12128,344],{"class":114},[68,12130,503],{"class":78},[68,12132,5539],{"class":160},[68,12134,472],{"class":78},[68,12136,115],{"class":114},[68,12138,4806],{"class":118},[68,12140,344],{"class":114},[68,12142,503],{"class":78},[68,12144,475],{"class":160},[68,12146,9338],{"class":78},[68,12148,12149,12152,12154],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12150,12151],{"class":106},"other_ref ",[68,12153,111],{"class":110},[68,12155,12156],{"class":106}," original\n",[68,12158,12159],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12160,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12162,12163,12166,12168,12170],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12164,12165],{"class":106},"original",[68,12167,236],{"class":78},[68,12169,11413],{"class":138},[68,12171,8677],{"class":78},[68,12173,12174],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,12175,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12177,12178,12180,12182,12184,12187,12189,12191,12194],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,12179,129],{"class":128},[68,12181,79],{"class":78},[68,12183,344],{"class":114},[68,12185,12186],{"class":118},"original:",[68,12188,344],{"class":114},[68,12190,472],{"class":78},[68,12192,12193],{"class":138}," original",[68,12195,85],{"class":78},[68,12197,12198,12200,12202,12204,12207,12209,12211,12214],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,12199,129],{"class":128},[68,12201,79],{"class":78},[68,12203,344],{"class":114},[68,12205,12206],{"class":118},"other_ref:",[68,12208,344],{"class":114},[68,12210,472],{"class":78},[68,12212,12213],{"class":138}," other_ref",[68,12215,85],{"class":78},[68,12217,12218,12220,12222,12224,12227,12229],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,12219,129],{"class":128},[68,12221,79],{"class":78},[68,12223,12118],{"class":138},[68,12225,12226],{"class":1098},"is",[68,12228,12213],{"class":138},[68,12230,85],{"class":78},[20,12232,180],{},[59,12234,12236],{"className":61,"code":12235,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12237,12238,12246,12255],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12239,12240,12242,12244],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12241,12165],{"class":106},[68,12243,503],{"class":78},[68,12245,9868],{"class":78},[68,12247,12248,12251,12253],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12249,12250],{"class":106},"other_ref",[68,12252,503],{"class":78},[68,12254,9868],{"class":78},[68,12256,12257],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12258,1070],{"class":526},[20,12260,12261],{},"This shows:",[33,12263,12264,12271,12276],{},[36,12265,12266,232,12268,12270],{},[15,12267,12165],{},[15,12269,12250],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,12272,12273,12275],{},[15,12274,11351],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,12277,12278],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12280,12281],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[59,12283,12285],{"className":61,"code":12284,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12286,12287,12319,12327,12331,12339,12343,12361,12379],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12288,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311,12313,12315,12317],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12290,12118],{"class":106},[68,12292,111],{"class":110},[68,12294,1221],{"class":78},[68,12296,344],{"class":114},[68,12298,49],{"class":118},[68,12300,344],{"class":114},[68,12302,503],{"class":78},[68,12304,5539],{"class":160},[68,12306,472],{"class":78},[68,12308,115],{"class":114},[68,12310,4806],{"class":118},[68,12312,344],{"class":114},[68,12314,503],{"class":78},[68,12316,475],{"class":160},[68,12318,9338],{"class":78},[68,12320,12321,12323,12325],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12322,12151],{"class":106},[68,12324,111],{"class":110},[68,12326,12156],{"class":106},[68,12328,12329],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12330,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12332,12333,12335,12337],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12334,12118],{"class":106},[68,12336,111],{"class":110},[68,12338,9868],{"class":78},[68,12340,12341],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,12342,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12344,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,12346,129],{"class":128},[68,12348,79],{"class":78},[68,12350,344],{"class":114},[68,12352,12186],{"class":118},[68,12354,344],{"class":114},[68,12356,472],{"class":78},[68,12358,12193],{"class":138},[68,12360,85],{"class":78},[68,12362,12363,12365,12367,12369,12371,12373,12375,12377],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,12364,129],{"class":128},[68,12366,79],{"class":78},[68,12368,344],{"class":114},[68,12370,12206],{"class":118},[68,12372,344],{"class":114},[68,12374,472],{"class":78},[68,12376,12213],{"class":138},[68,12378,85],{"class":78},[68,12380,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,12382,129],{"class":128},[68,12384,79],{"class":78},[68,12386,12118],{"class":138},[68,12388,12226],{"class":1098},[68,12390,12213],{"class":138},[68,12392,85],{"class":78},[20,12394,180],{},[59,12396,12398],{"className":61,"code":12397,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12399,12400,12408,12440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12401,12402,12404,12406],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12403,12165],{"class":106},[68,12405,503],{"class":78},[68,12407,9868],{"class":78},[68,12409,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12411,12250],{"class":106},[68,12413,503],{"class":78},[68,12415,1221],{"class":78},[68,12417,203],{"class":114},[68,12419,49],{"class":118},[68,12421,203],{"class":114},[68,12423,503],{"class":78},[68,12425,5539],{"class":160},[68,12427,472],{"class":78},[68,12429,197],{"class":114},[68,12431,4806],{"class":118},[68,12433,203],{"class":114},[68,12435,503],{"class":78},[68,12437,475],{"class":160},[68,12439,9338],{"class":78},[68,12441,12442],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12443,4084],{"class":526},[20,12445,2250],{},[33,12447,12448,12454],{},[36,12449,12450,12453],{},[15,12451,12452],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,12455,12456,12458],{},[15,12457,12250],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12460,12461,12462,236],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[49,12463,12465],{"href":12464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12466,12467],{},"dict.copy()",[93,12469,1311,12471],{"id":12470},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12472,11351],{},[20,12474,12475,1318],{},[15,12476,11351],{},[33,12478,12479,12482,12485],{},[36,12480,12481],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,12483,12484],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,12486,12487],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12489,326],{},[59,12491,12493],{"className":61,"code":12492,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12494,12495,12504,12520,12540,12553,12557,12561,12566,12577,12581],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12496,12497,12500,12502],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12498,12499],{"class":106},"session_data ",[68,12501,111],{"class":110},[68,12503,11524],{"class":78},[68,12505,12506,12508,12511,12513,12515,12518],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12507,11529],{"class":114},[68,12509,12510],{"class":118},"user_id",[68,12512,344],{"class":114},[68,12514,503],{"class":78},[68,12516,12517],{"class":160}," 101",[68,12519,11545],{"class":78},[68,12521,12522,12524,12527,12529,12531,12533,12536,12538],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12523,11529],{"class":114},[68,12525,12526],{"class":118},"theme",[68,12528,344],{"class":114},[68,12530,503],{"class":78},[68,12532,115],{"class":114},[68,12534,12535],{"class":118},"dark",[68,12537,344],{"class":114},[68,12539,11545],{"class":78},[68,12541,12542,12544,12547,12549,12551],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12543,11529],{"class":114},[68,12545,12546],{"class":118},"logged_in",[68,12548,344],{"class":114},[68,12550,503],{"class":78},[68,12552,6462],{"class":526},[68,12554,12555],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,12556,9338],{"class":78},[68,12558,12559],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,12560,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12562,12563],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,12564,12565],{"class":3708},"# Reset for a new session\n",[68,12567,12568,12571,12573,12575],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,12569,12570],{"class":106},"session_data",[68,12572,236],{"class":78},[68,12574,11413],{"class":138},[68,12576,8677],{"class":78},[68,12578,12579],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,12580,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12582,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,12584,129],{"class":128},[68,12586,79],{"class":78},[68,12588,12570],{"class":138},[68,12590,1701],{"class":78},[68,12592,11428],{"class":3708},[20,12594,12595,12596,12602,12603,236,12607,12609,12610,236],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[49,12597,12599],{"href":12598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12600,12601],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[49,12604,12606],{"href":12605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9876,12608],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[49,12611,12613],{"href":12612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12614,12615],{},"dict.popitem()",[93,12617,1750],{"id":1749},[20,12619,10777,12620,503],{},[15,12621,11351],{},[33,12623,12624,12630,12635,12638],{},[36,12625,12626,12627,12629],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12628,11351],{}," to a variable",[36,12631,1770,12632,12634],{},[15,12633,11351],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,12636,12637],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,12639,12640],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12642,12643],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[59,12645,12647],{"className":61,"code":12646,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12648,12649,12659,12673,12688],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12650,12651,12653,12655,12657],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12652,129],{"class":128},[68,12654,79],{"class":78},[68,12656,11480],{"class":138},[68,12658,85],{"class":78},[68,12660,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12662,129],{"class":128},[68,12664,79],{"class":78},[68,12666,75],{"class":74},[68,12668,79],{"class":78},[68,12670,11480],{"class":138},[68,12672,142],{"class":78},[68,12674,12675,12677,12679,12682,12684,12686],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12676,129],{"class":128},[68,12678,79],{"class":78},[68,12680,12681],{"class":128},"id",[68,12683,79],{"class":78},[68,12685,11480],{"class":138},[68,12687,142],{"class":78},[68,12689,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12691,129],{"class":128},[68,12693,79],{"class":78},[68,12695,12151],{"class":138},[68,12697,12226],{"class":1098},[68,12699,11798],{"class":138},[68,12701,85],{"class":78},[20,12703,12704],{},"What these show:",[33,12706,12707,12713,12719,12725],{},[36,12708,12709,12712],{},[15,12710,12711],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,12714,12715,12718],{},[15,12716,12717],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,12720,12721,12724],{},[15,12722,12723],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,12726,12727,12730],{},[15,12728,12729],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[93,12732,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,12734,12736,12737,12739],{"id":12735},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12738,11351],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12741,12742],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1470,12744,1878,12746,12748],{"id":12745},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12747,11357],{}," return?",[20,12750,5191,12751,236],{},[15,12752,3824],{},[1470,12754,5221,12756,232,12758,1906],{"id":12755},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12757,11351],{},[15,12759,3838],{},[20,12761,12762,12764,12765,12767],{},[15,12763,11351],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12766,3838],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1470,12769,12736,12771,12773],{"id":12770},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12772,11351],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12775,12776],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[93,12778,1952],{"id":1951},[33,12780,12781,12785,12789,12796,12803,12810,12815],{},[36,12782,12783],{},[49,12784,9187],{"href":9186},[36,12786,12787],{},[49,12788,11272],{"href":9420},[36,12790,12791],{},[49,12792,10766,12793,10770],{"href":12598},[15,12794,12795],{},"pop()",[36,12797,12798],{},[49,12799,10766,12800,10770],{"href":12612},[15,12801,12802],{},"popitem()",[36,12804,12805],{},[49,12806,10766,12807,10770],{"href":12464},[15,12808,12809],{},"copy()",[36,12811,12812],{},[49,12813,12814],{"href":12097},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12816,12817],{},[49,12818,12819],{"href":12605},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1995,12821,12822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":12824},[12825,12826,12828,12829,12830,12834,12839,12840,12842,12843,12853],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":11436,"depth":125,"text":12827},"What clear() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":11734,"depth":125,"text":12831,"children":12832},"What clear() returns",[12833],{"id":11847,"depth":145,"text":11848},{"id":12027,"depth":125,"text":12835,"children":12836},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12837,12838],{"id":11413,"depth":145,"text":11351},{"id":11480,"depth":145,"text":12080},{"id":12101,"depth":125,"text":12102},{"id":12470,"depth":125,"text":12841},"When to use clear()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":12844},[12845,12847,12849,12851],{"id":12735,"depth":145,"text":12846},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12745,"depth":145,"text":12848},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12755,"depth":145,"text":12850},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12770,"depth":145,"text":12852},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11342,"description":12854},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12861,"title":12862,"body":12863,"description":15028,"extension":2033,"meta":15029,"navigation":148,"path":15030,"seo":15031,"stem":15032,"__hash__":15033},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12864,"toc":15000},[12865,12870,12875,12885,12887,12976,12980,13021,13026,13032,13050,13059,13061,13082,13085,13097,13099,13178,13182,13223,13225,13228,13355,13359,13439,13442,13460,13463,13467,13473,13475,13486,13488,13683,13687,13793,13796,13814,13817,13824,13829,13833,13847,13849,13976,13980,14060,14073,14079,14082,14090,14094,14220,14224,14298,14303,14434,14438,14512,14515,14529,14533,14537,14551,14553,14689,14693,14762,14764,14768,14790,14793,14900,14903,14914,14921,14923,14929,14932,14938,14941,14948,14956,14960,14963,14965,14997],[10,12866,11348,12868,11352],{"id":12867},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12869,12809],{},[20,12871,12872,12874],{},[15,12873,12467],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12876,12877,12878,12880,12881,12884],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12879,12809],{}," makes a ",[1301,12882,12883],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[93,12886,2075],{"id":2074},[59,12888,12890],{"className":61,"code":12889,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12891,12892,12930,12947,12951,12962],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12893,12894,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12895,12896],{"class":106},"student ",[68,12898,111],{"class":110},[68,12900,1221],{"class":78},[68,12902,344],{"class":114},[68,12904,139],{"class":118},[68,12906,344],{"class":114},[68,12908,503],{"class":78},[68,12910,115],{"class":114},[68,12912,12913],{"class":118},"Ana",[68,12915,344],{"class":114},[68,12917,472],{"class":78},[68,12919,115],{"class":114},[68,12921,395],{"class":118},[68,12923,344],{"class":114},[68,12925,503],{"class":78},[68,12927,7828],{"class":160},[68,12929,9338],{"class":78},[68,12931,12932,12935,12937,12940,12942,12945],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,12933,12934],{"class":106},"student_copy ",[68,12936,111],{"class":110},[68,12938,12939],{"class":106}," student",[68,12941,236],{"class":78},[68,12943,12944],{"class":138},"copy",[68,12946,8677],{"class":78},[68,12948,12949],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,12950,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,12952,12953,12955,12957,12960],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,12954,129],{"class":128},[68,12956,79],{"class":78},[68,12958,12959],{"class":138},"student_copy",[68,12961,85],{"class":78},[68,12963,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,12965,129],{"class":128},[68,12967,79],{"class":78},[68,12969,12934],{"class":138},[68,12971,12226],{"class":1098},[68,12973,12939],{"class":138},[68,12975,85],{"class":78},[20,12977,12978],{},[1301,12979,180],{},[59,12981,12983],{"className":61,"code":12982,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12984,12985,13017],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,12986,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,12988,9308],{"class":78},[68,12990,203],{"class":114},[68,12992,139],{"class":118},[68,12994,203],{"class":114},[68,12996,503],{"class":78},[68,12998,197],{"class":114},[68,13000,12913],{"class":118},[68,13002,203],{"class":114},[68,13004,472],{"class":78},[68,13006,197],{"class":114},[68,13008,395],{"class":118},[68,13010,203],{"class":114},[68,13012,503],{"class":78},[68,13014,7828],{"class":160},[68,13016,9338],{"class":78},[68,13018,13019],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13020,4084],{"class":526},[20,13022,224,13023,13025],{},[15,13024,12809],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[93,13027,240,13029,13031],{"id":13028},"what-the-copy-method-does",[15,13030,12809],{}," method does",[33,13033,13034,13039,13042,13047],{},[36,13035,13036,13038],{},[15,13037,12467],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,13040,13041],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,13043,13044,13045],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13046,12809],{},[36,13048,13049],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13051,13052,13053,384,13056,236],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[49,13054,9187],{"href":13055},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[49,13057,9421],{"href":13058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[93,13060,303],{"id":302},[59,13062,13064],{"className":61,"code":13063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13065,13066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13067,13068,13071,13073,13076,13078,13080],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13069,13070],{"class":106},"new_dict ",[68,13072,111],{"class":110},[68,13074,13075],{"class":106}," old_dict",[68,13077,236],{"class":78},[68,13079,12944],{"class":138},[68,13081,8677],{"class":78},[20,13083,13084],{},"Key points:",[33,13086,13087,13091,13094],{},[36,13088,13089,11496],{},[15,13090,12809],{},[36,13092,13093],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,13095,13096],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13098,326],{},[59,13100,13102],{"className":61,"code":13101,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13103,13104,13147,13163,13167],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13105,13106,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13143,13145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13107,13108],{"class":106},"colors ",[68,13110,111],{"class":110},[68,13112,1221],{"class":78},[68,13114,344],{"class":114},[68,13116,49],{"class":118},[68,13118,344],{"class":114},[68,13120,503],{"class":78},[68,13122,115],{"class":114},[68,13124,13125],{"class":118},"red",[68,13127,344],{"class":114},[68,13129,472],{"class":78},[68,13131,115],{"class":114},[68,13133,4806],{"class":118},[68,13135,344],{"class":114},[68,13137,503],{"class":78},[68,13139,115],{"class":114},[68,13141,13142],{"class":118},"blue",[68,13144,344],{"class":114},[68,13146,9338],{"class":78},[68,13148,13149,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13150,13151],{"class":106},"new_colors ",[68,13153,111],{"class":110},[68,13155,13156],{"class":106}," colors",[68,13158,236],{"class":78},[68,13160,12944],{"class":138},[68,13162,8677],{"class":78},[68,13164,13165],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,13166,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13168,13169,13171,13173,13176],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,13170,129],{"class":128},[68,13172,79],{"class":78},[68,13174,13175],{"class":138},"new_colors",[68,13177,85],{"class":78},[20,13179,13180],{},[1301,13181,180],{},[59,13183,13185],{"className":61,"code":13184,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13186,13187],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13188,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13190,9308],{"class":78},[68,13192,203],{"class":114},[68,13194,49],{"class":118},[68,13196,203],{"class":114},[68,13198,503],{"class":78},[68,13200,197],{"class":114},[68,13202,13125],{"class":118},[68,13204,203],{"class":114},[68,13206,472],{"class":78},[68,13208,197],{"class":114},[68,13210,4806],{"class":118},[68,13212,203],{"class":114},[68,13214,503],{"class":78},[68,13216,197],{"class":114},[68,13218,13142],{"class":118},[68,13220,203],{"class":114},[68,13222,9338],{"class":78},[93,13224,11506],{"id":11505},[20,13226,13227],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[59,13229,13231],{"className":61,"code":13230,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13232,13233,13271,13287,13291,13312,13316,13335],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13234,13235,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13236,13237],{"class":106},"person ",[68,13239,111],{"class":110},[68,13241,1221],{"class":78},[68,13243,344],{"class":114},[68,13245,139],{"class":118},[68,13247,344],{"class":114},[68,13249,503],{"class":78},[68,13251,115],{"class":114},[68,13253,13254],{"class":118},"Liam",[68,13256,344],{"class":114},[68,13258,472],{"class":78},[68,13260,115],{"class":114},[68,13262,395],{"class":118},[68,13264,344],{"class":114},[68,13266,503],{"class":78},[68,13268,9335],{"class":160},[68,13270,9338],{"class":78},[68,13272,13273,13276,13278,13281,13283,13285],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13274,13275],{"class":106},"person_copy ",[68,13277,111],{"class":110},[68,13279,13280],{"class":106}," person",[68,13282,236],{"class":78},[68,13284,12944],{"class":138},[68,13286,8677],{"class":78},[68,13288,13289],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,13290,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13292,13293,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13309],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,13294,13295],{"class":106},"person_copy",[68,13297,795],{"class":78},[68,13299,344],{"class":114},[68,13301,395],{"class":118},[68,13303,344],{"class":114},[68,13305,800],{"class":78},[68,13307,13308],{"class":110}," =",[68,13310,13311],{"class":160}," 26\n",[68,13313,13314],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,13315,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13317,13318,13320,13322,13324,13327,13329,13331,13333],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,13319,129],{"class":128},[68,13321,79],{"class":78},[68,13323,344],{"class":114},[68,13325,13326],{"class":118},"Original:",[68,13328,344],{"class":114},[68,13330,472],{"class":78},[68,13332,13280],{"class":138},[68,13334,85],{"class":78},[68,13336,13337,13339,13341,13343,13346,13348,13350,13353],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,13338,129],{"class":128},[68,13340,79],{"class":78},[68,13342,344],{"class":114},[68,13344,13345],{"class":118},"Copy:",[68,13347,344],{"class":114},[68,13349,472],{"class":78},[68,13351,13352],{"class":138}," person_copy",[68,13354,85],{"class":78},[20,13356,13357],{},[1301,13358,180],{},[59,13360,13362],{"className":61,"code":13361,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13363,13364,13401],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13365,13366,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13367,13368],{"class":106},"Original",[68,13370,503],{"class":78},[68,13372,1221],{"class":78},[68,13374,203],{"class":114},[68,13376,139],{"class":118},[68,13378,203],{"class":114},[68,13380,503],{"class":78},[68,13382,197],{"class":114},[68,13384,13254],{"class":118},[68,13386,203],{"class":114},[68,13388,472],{"class":78},[68,13390,197],{"class":114},[68,13392,395],{"class":118},[68,13394,203],{"class":114},[68,13396,503],{"class":78},[68,13398,9335],{"class":160},[68,13400,9338],{"class":78},[68,13402,13403,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13437],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13404,13405],{"class":106},"Copy",[68,13407,503],{"class":78},[68,13409,1221],{"class":78},[68,13411,203],{"class":114},[68,13413,139],{"class":118},[68,13415,203],{"class":114},[68,13417,503],{"class":78},[68,13419,197],{"class":114},[68,13421,13254],{"class":118},[68,13423,203],{"class":114},[68,13425,472],{"class":78},[68,13427,197],{"class":114},[68,13429,395],{"class":118},[68,13431,203],{"class":114},[68,13433,503],{"class":78},[68,13435,13436],{"class":160}," 26",[68,13438,9338],{"class":78},[20,13440,13441],{},"What happened here:",[33,13443,13444,13450,13457],{},[36,13445,13446,13449],{},[15,13447,13448],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,13451,13452,13453,13456],{},"Changing ",[15,13454,13455],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,13458,13459],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13461,13462],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[93,13464,13466],{"id":13465},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13468,13469,12880,13471,236],{},[15,13470,12809],{},[1301,13472,12883],{},[20,13474,2179],{},[33,13476,13477,13480,13483],{},[36,13478,13479],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,13481,13482],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,13484,13485],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13487,326],{},[59,13489,13491],{"className":61,"code":13490,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13492,13493,13501,13519,13542,13546,13550,13564,13568,13593,13597,13615,13634,13649],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13494,13495,13497,13499],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13496,12896],{"class":106},[68,13498,111],{"class":110},[68,13500,11524],{"class":78},[68,13502,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13504,11529],{"class":114},[68,13506,139],{"class":118},[68,13508,344],{"class":114},[68,13510,503],{"class":78},[68,13512,115],{"class":114},[68,13514,12913],{"class":118},[68,13516,344],{"class":114},[68,13518,11545],{"class":78},[68,13520,13521,13523,13526,13528,13530,13532,13535,13537,13540],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,13522,11529],{"class":114},[68,13524,13525],{"class":118},"grades",[68,13527,344],{"class":114},[68,13529,503],{"class":78},[68,13531,725],{"class":78},[68,13533,13534],{"class":160},"90",[68,13536,472],{"class":78},[68,13538,13539],{"class":160}," 85",[68,13541,730],{"class":78},[68,13543,13544],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,13545,9338],{"class":78},[68,13547,13548],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,13549,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13551,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,13553,12934],{"class":106},[68,13555,111],{"class":110},[68,13557,12939],{"class":106},[68,13559,236],{"class":78},[68,13561,12944],{"class":138},[68,13563,8677],{"class":78},[68,13565,13566],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,13567,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13569,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13583,13586,13588,13591],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,13571,12959],{"class":106},[68,13573,795],{"class":78},[68,13575,344],{"class":114},[68,13577,13525],{"class":118},[68,13579,344],{"class":114},[68,13581,13582],{"class":78},"].",[68,13584,13585],{"class":138},"append",[68,13587,79],{"class":78},[68,13589,13590],{"class":160},"100",[68,13592,85],{"class":78},[68,13594,13595],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,13596,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13598,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,13600,129],{"class":128},[68,13602,79],{"class":78},[68,13604,344],{"class":114},[68,13606,13326],{"class":118},[68,13608,344],{"class":114},[68,13610,472],{"class":78},[68,13612,12939],{"class":138},[68,13614,85],{"class":78},[68,13616,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13632],{"class":70,"line":11626},[68,13618,129],{"class":128},[68,13620,79],{"class":78},[68,13622,344],{"class":114},[68,13624,13345],{"class":118},[68,13626,344],{"class":114},[68,13628,472],{"class":78},[68,13630,13631],{"class":138}," student_copy",[68,13633,85],{"class":78},[68,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647],{"class":70,"line":13636},12,[68,13638,129],{"class":128},[68,13640,79],{"class":78},[68,13642,12896],{"class":138},[68,13644,12226],{"class":1098},[68,13646,13631],{"class":138},[68,13648,85],{"class":78},[68,13650,13652,13654,13656,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681],{"class":70,"line":13651},13,[68,13653,129],{"class":128},[68,13655,79],{"class":78},[68,13657,13658],{"class":138},"student",[68,13660,795],{"class":78},[68,13662,344],{"class":114},[68,13664,13525],{"class":118},[68,13666,344],{"class":114},[68,13668,800],{"class":78},[68,13670,8133],{"class":1098},[68,13672,13631],{"class":138},[68,13674,795],{"class":78},[68,13676,344],{"class":114},[68,13678,13525],{"class":118},[68,13680,344],{"class":114},[68,13682,3933],{"class":78},[20,13684,13685],{},[1301,13686,180],{},[59,13688,13690],{"className":61,"code":13689,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13691,13692,13739,13785,13789],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13693,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13695,13368],{"class":106},[68,13697,503],{"class":78},[68,13699,1221],{"class":78},[68,13701,203],{"class":114},[68,13703,139],{"class":118},[68,13705,203],{"class":114},[68,13707,503],{"class":78},[68,13709,197],{"class":114},[68,13711,12913],{"class":118},[68,13713,203],{"class":114},[68,13715,472],{"class":78},[68,13717,197],{"class":114},[68,13719,13525],{"class":118},[68,13721,203],{"class":114},[68,13723,503],{"class":78},[68,13725,725],{"class":78},[68,13727,13534],{"class":160},[68,13729,472],{"class":78},[68,13731,13539],{"class":160},[68,13733,472],{"class":78},[68,13735,10148],{"class":160},[68,13737,13738],{"class":78},"]}\n",[68,13740,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13742,13405],{"class":106},[68,13744,503],{"class":78},[68,13746,1221],{"class":78},[68,13748,203],{"class":114},[68,13750,139],{"class":118},[68,13752,203],{"class":114},[68,13754,503],{"class":78},[68,13756,197],{"class":114},[68,13758,12913],{"class":118},[68,13760,203],{"class":114},[68,13762,472],{"class":78},[68,13764,197],{"class":114},[68,13766,13525],{"class":118},[68,13768,203],{"class":114},[68,13770,503],{"class":78},[68,13772,725],{"class":78},[68,13774,13534],{"class":160},[68,13776,472],{"class":78},[68,13778,13539],{"class":160},[68,13780,472],{"class":78},[68,13782,10148],{"class":160},[68,13784,13738],{"class":78},[68,13786,13787],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,13788,4084],{"class":526},[68,13790,13791],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,13792,1070],{"class":526},[20,13794,13795],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,13797,13798,13806],{},[36,13799,13800,4829,13803,13805],{},[15,13801,13802],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13804,293],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,13807,13808,4829,13811,13813],{},[15,13809,13810],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13812,290],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13815,13816],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13818,13819,13820,236],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[49,13821,13823],{"href":13822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[93,13825,1311,13827],{"id":13826},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13828,12809],{},[20,13830,224,13831,10630],{},[15,13832,12809],{},[33,13834,13835,13838,13841,13844],{},[36,13836,13837],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,13839,13840],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,13842,13843],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,13845,13846],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13848,326],{},[59,13850,13852],{"className":61,"code":13851,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13853,13854,13893,13909,13913,13933,13937,13956],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13855,13856,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13884,13886,13888,13891],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13857,13858],{"class":106},"settings ",[68,13860,111],{"class":110},[68,13862,1221],{"class":78},[68,13864,344],{"class":114},[68,13866,12526],{"class":118},[68,13868,344],{"class":114},[68,13870,503],{"class":78},[68,13872,115],{"class":114},[68,13874,12535],{"class":118},[68,13876,344],{"class":114},[68,13878,472],{"class":78},[68,13880,115],{"class":114},[68,13882,13883],{"class":118},"font_size",[68,13885,344],{"class":114},[68,13887,503],{"class":78},[68,13889,13890],{"class":160}," 14",[68,13892,9338],{"class":78},[68,13894,13895,13898,13900,13903,13905,13907],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,13896,13897],{"class":106},"settings_backup ",[68,13899,111],{"class":110},[68,13901,13902],{"class":106}," settings",[68,13904,236],{"class":78},[68,13906,12944],{"class":138},[68,13908,8677],{"class":78},[68,13910,13911],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,13912,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13914,13915,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,13916,13917],{"class":106},"settings",[68,13919,795],{"class":78},[68,13921,344],{"class":114},[68,13923,13883],{"class":118},[68,13925,344],{"class":114},[68,13927,800],{"class":78},[68,13929,13308],{"class":110},[68,13931,13932],{"class":160}," 16\n",[68,13934,13935],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,13936,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,13938,13939,13941,13943,13945,13948,13950,13952,13954],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,13940,129],{"class":128},[68,13942,79],{"class":78},[68,13944,344],{"class":114},[68,13946,13947],{"class":118},"Current:",[68,13949,344],{"class":114},[68,13951,472],{"class":78},[68,13953,13902],{"class":138},[68,13955,85],{"class":78},[68,13957,13958,13960,13962,13964,13967,13969,13971,13974],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,13959,129],{"class":128},[68,13961,79],{"class":78},[68,13963,344],{"class":114},[68,13965,13966],{"class":118},"Backup:",[68,13968,344],{"class":114},[68,13970,472],{"class":78},[68,13972,13973],{"class":138}," settings_backup",[68,13975,85],{"class":78},[20,13977,13978],{},[1301,13979,180],{},[59,13981,13983],{"className":61,"code":13982,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13984,13985,14023],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,13986,13987,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14021],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,13988,13989],{"class":106},"Current",[68,13991,503],{"class":78},[68,13993,1221],{"class":78},[68,13995,203],{"class":114},[68,13997,12526],{"class":118},[68,13999,203],{"class":114},[68,14001,503],{"class":78},[68,14003,197],{"class":114},[68,14005,12535],{"class":118},[68,14007,203],{"class":114},[68,14009,472],{"class":78},[68,14011,197],{"class":114},[68,14013,13883],{"class":118},[68,14015,203],{"class":114},[68,14017,503],{"class":78},[68,14019,14020],{"class":160}," 16",[68,14022,9338],{"class":78},[68,14024,14025,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14026,14027],{"class":106},"Backup",[68,14029,503],{"class":78},[68,14031,1221],{"class":78},[68,14033,203],{"class":114},[68,14035,12526],{"class":118},[68,14037,203],{"class":114},[68,14039,503],{"class":78},[68,14041,197],{"class":114},[68,14043,12535],{"class":118},[68,14045,203],{"class":114},[68,14047,472],{"class":78},[68,14049,197],{"class":114},[68,14051,13883],{"class":118},[68,14053,203],{"class":114},[68,14055,503],{"class":78},[68,14057,13890],{"class":160},[68,14059,9338],{"class":78},[20,14061,14062,14063,384,14069,236],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[49,14064,14066],{"href":14065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14067,14068],{},"dict.update()",[49,14070,14071],{"href":12856},[15,14072,11357],{},[93,14074,14076,14078],{"id":14075},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14077,12809],{}," vs assignment",[20,14080,14081],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14083,633,14084,14086,14087,14089],{},[15,14085,111],{}," does ",[1301,14088,1303],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1470,14091,14093],{"id":14092},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[59,14095,14097],{"className":61,"code":14096,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14098,14099,14131,14140,14144,14164,14168,14186,14206],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14100,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14102,12118],{"class":106},[68,14104,111],{"class":110},[68,14106,1221],{"class":78},[68,14108,344],{"class":114},[68,14110,2245],{"class":118},[68,14112,344],{"class":114},[68,14114,503],{"class":78},[68,14116,5539],{"class":160},[68,14118,472],{"class":78},[68,14120,115],{"class":114},[68,14122,11777],{"class":118},[68,14124,344],{"class":114},[68,14126,503],{"class":78},[68,14128,475],{"class":160},[68,14130,9338],{"class":78},[68,14132,14133,14136,14138],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14134,14135],{"class":106},"assigned ",[68,14137,111],{"class":110},[68,14139,12156],{"class":106},[68,14141,14142],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14143,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14145,14146,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,14147,14148],{"class":106},"assigned",[68,14150,795],{"class":78},[68,14152,344],{"class":114},[68,14154,2245],{"class":118},[68,14156,344],{"class":114},[68,14158,800],{"class":78},[68,14160,13308],{"class":110},[68,14162,14163],{"class":160}," 99\n",[68,14165,14166],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,14167,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14169,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,14171,129],{"class":128},[68,14173,79],{"class":78},[68,14175,344],{"class":114},[68,14177,13326],{"class":118},[68,14179,344],{"class":114},[68,14181,472],{"class":78},[68,14183,12193],{"class":138},[68,14185,85],{"class":78},[68,14187,14188,14190,14192,14194,14197,14199,14201,14204],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,14189,129],{"class":128},[68,14191,79],{"class":78},[68,14193,344],{"class":114},[68,14195,14196],{"class":118},"Assigned:",[68,14198,344],{"class":114},[68,14200,472],{"class":78},[68,14202,14203],{"class":138}," assigned",[68,14205,85],{"class":78},[68,14207,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,14209,129],{"class":128},[68,14211,79],{"class":78},[68,14213,12118],{"class":138},[68,14215,12226],{"class":1098},[68,14217,14203],{"class":138},[68,14219,85],{"class":78},[20,14221,14222],{},[1301,14223,180],{},[59,14225,14227],{"className":61,"code":14226,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14228,14229,14261,14294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14230,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14232,13368],{"class":106},[68,14234,503],{"class":78},[68,14236,1221],{"class":78},[68,14238,203],{"class":114},[68,14240,2245],{"class":118},[68,14242,203],{"class":114},[68,14244,503],{"class":78},[68,14246,10227],{"class":160},[68,14248,472],{"class":78},[68,14250,197],{"class":114},[68,14252,11777],{"class":118},[68,14254,203],{"class":114},[68,14256,503],{"class":78},[68,14258,475],{"class":160},[68,14260,9338],{"class":78},[68,14262,14263,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14264,14265],{"class":106},"Assigned",[68,14267,503],{"class":78},[68,14269,1221],{"class":78},[68,14271,203],{"class":114},[68,14273,2245],{"class":118},[68,14275,203],{"class":114},[68,14277,503],{"class":78},[68,14279,10227],{"class":160},[68,14281,472],{"class":78},[68,14283,197],{"class":114},[68,14285,11777],{"class":118},[68,14287,203],{"class":114},[68,14289,503],{"class":78},[68,14291,475],{"class":160},[68,14293,9338],{"class":78},[68,14295,14296],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14297,1070],{"class":526},[1470,14299,633,14301],{"id":14300},"using-copy",[15,14302,12809],{},[59,14304,14306],{"className":61,"code":14305,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14307,14308,14340,14355,14359,14378,14382,14400,14420],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14309,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14311,12118],{"class":106},[68,14313,111],{"class":110},[68,14315,1221],{"class":78},[68,14317,344],{"class":114},[68,14319,2245],{"class":118},[68,14321,344],{"class":114},[68,14323,503],{"class":78},[68,14325,5539],{"class":160},[68,14327,472],{"class":78},[68,14329,115],{"class":114},[68,14331,11777],{"class":118},[68,14333,344],{"class":114},[68,14335,503],{"class":78},[68,14337,475],{"class":160},[68,14339,9338],{"class":78},[68,14341,14342,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14343,14344],{"class":106},"copied ",[68,14346,111],{"class":110},[68,14348,12193],{"class":106},[68,14350,236],{"class":78},[68,14352,12944],{"class":138},[68,14354,8677],{"class":78},[68,14356,14357],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14358,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14360,14361,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,14362,14363],{"class":106},"copied",[68,14365,795],{"class":78},[68,14367,344],{"class":114},[68,14369,2245],{"class":118},[68,14371,344],{"class":114},[68,14373,800],{"class":78},[68,14375,13308],{"class":110},[68,14377,14163],{"class":160},[68,14379,14380],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,14381,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14383,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,14385,129],{"class":128},[68,14387,79],{"class":78},[68,14389,344],{"class":114},[68,14391,13326],{"class":118},[68,14393,344],{"class":114},[68,14395,472],{"class":78},[68,14397,12193],{"class":138},[68,14399,85],{"class":78},[68,14401,14402,14404,14406,14408,14411,14413,14415,14418],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,14403,129],{"class":128},[68,14405,79],{"class":78},[68,14407,344],{"class":114},[68,14409,14410],{"class":118},"Copied:",[68,14412,344],{"class":114},[68,14414,472],{"class":78},[68,14416,14417],{"class":138}," copied",[68,14419,85],{"class":78},[68,14421,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,14423,129],{"class":128},[68,14425,79],{"class":78},[68,14427,12118],{"class":138},[68,14429,12226],{"class":1098},[68,14431,14417],{"class":138},[68,14433,85],{"class":78},[20,14435,14436],{},[1301,14437,180],{},[59,14439,14441],{"className":61,"code":14440,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14442,14443,14475,14508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14444,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14446,13368],{"class":106},[68,14448,503],{"class":78},[68,14450,1221],{"class":78},[68,14452,203],{"class":114},[68,14454,2245],{"class":118},[68,14456,203],{"class":114},[68,14458,503],{"class":78},[68,14460,5539],{"class":160},[68,14462,472],{"class":78},[68,14464,197],{"class":114},[68,14466,11777],{"class":118},[68,14468,203],{"class":114},[68,14470,503],{"class":78},[68,14472,475],{"class":160},[68,14474,9338],{"class":78},[68,14476,14477,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14478,14479],{"class":106},"Copied",[68,14481,503],{"class":78},[68,14483,1221],{"class":78},[68,14485,203],{"class":114},[68,14487,2245],{"class":118},[68,14489,203],{"class":114},[68,14491,503],{"class":78},[68,14493,10227],{"class":160},[68,14495,472],{"class":78},[68,14497,197],{"class":114},[68,14499,11777],{"class":118},[68,14501,203],{"class":114},[68,14503,503],{"class":78},[68,14505,475],{"class":160},[68,14507,9338],{"class":78},[68,14509,14510],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14511,4084],{"class":526},[20,14513,14514],{},"Summary:",[33,14516,14517,14523],{},[36,14518,14519,14522],{},[15,14520,14521],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,14524,14525,14528],{},[15,14526,14527],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[93,14530,14532],{"id":14531},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14534,14535,503],{},[15,14536,12809],{},[33,14538,14539,14542,14545,14548],{},[36,14540,14541],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,14543,14544],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,14546,14547],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,14549,14550],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14552,326],{},[59,14554,14556],{"className":61,"code":14555,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14557,14558,14590,14606,14610,14628,14648,14652,14670],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14559,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14561,9197],{"class":106},[68,14563,111],{"class":110},[68,14565,1221],{"class":78},[68,14567,344],{"class":114},[68,14569,49],{"class":118},[68,14571,344],{"class":114},[68,14573,503],{"class":78},[68,14575,5539],{"class":160},[68,14577,472],{"class":78},[68,14579,115],{"class":114},[68,14581,4806],{"class":118},[68,14583,344],{"class":114},[68,14585,503],{"class":78},[68,14587,475],{"class":160},[68,14589,9338],{"class":78},[68,14591,14592,14595,14597,14600,14602,14604],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14593,14594],{"class":106},"data_copy ",[68,14596,111],{"class":110},[68,14598,14599],{"class":106}," data",[68,14601,236],{"class":78},[68,14603,12944],{"class":138},[68,14605,8677],{"class":78},[68,14607,14608],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14609,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14611,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,14613,9234],{"class":106},[68,14615,795],{"class":78},[68,14617,344],{"class":114},[68,14619,49],{"class":118},[68,14621,344],{"class":114},[68,14623,800],{"class":78},[68,14625,13308],{"class":110},[68,14627,161],{"class":160},[68,14629,14630,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,14631,14632],{"class":106},"data_copy",[68,14634,795],{"class":78},[68,14636,344],{"class":114},[68,14638,4806],{"class":118},[68,14640,344],{"class":114},[68,14642,800],{"class":78},[68,14644,13308],{"class":110},[68,14646,14647],{"class":160}," 20\n",[68,14649,14650],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,14651,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,14653,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,14655,129],{"class":128},[68,14657,79],{"class":78},[68,14659,344],{"class":114},[68,14661,13326],{"class":118},[68,14663,344],{"class":114},[68,14665,472],{"class":78},[68,14667,14599],{"class":138},[68,14669,85],{"class":78},[68,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14687],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,14673,129],{"class":128},[68,14675,79],{"class":78},[68,14677,344],{"class":114},[68,14679,13345],{"class":118},[68,14681,344],{"class":114},[68,14683,472],{"class":78},[68,14685,14686],{"class":138}," data_copy",[68,14688,85],{"class":78},[20,14690,14691],{},[1301,14692,180],{},[59,14694,14696],{"className":61,"code":14695,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14697,14698,14730],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14699,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14701,13368],{"class":106},[68,14703,503],{"class":78},[68,14705,1221],{"class":78},[68,14707,203],{"class":114},[68,14709,49],{"class":118},[68,14711,203],{"class":114},[68,14713,503],{"class":78},[68,14715,6045],{"class":160},[68,14717,472],{"class":78},[68,14719,197],{"class":114},[68,14721,4806],{"class":118},[68,14723,203],{"class":114},[68,14725,503],{"class":78},[68,14727,475],{"class":160},[68,14729,9338],{"class":78},[68,14731,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14733,13405],{"class":106},[68,14735,503],{"class":78},[68,14737,1221],{"class":78},[68,14739,203],{"class":114},[68,14741,49],{"class":118},[68,14743,203],{"class":114},[68,14745,503],{"class":78},[68,14747,5539],{"class":160},[68,14749,472],{"class":78},[68,14751,197],{"class":114},[68,14753,4806],{"class":118},[68,14755,203],{"class":114},[68,14757,503],{"class":78},[68,14759,7828],{"class":160},[68,14761,9338],{"class":78},[93,14763,1750],{"id":1749},[20,14765,1753,14766,503],{},[15,14767,12467],{},[33,14769,14770,14777,14782,14787],{},[36,14771,633,14772,1776,14774,14776],{},[15,14773,111],{},[15,14775,12809],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,14778,4624,14779,14781],{},[15,14780,12809],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,14783,14784,14785],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14786,12809],{},[36,14788,14789],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14791,14792],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[59,14794,14796],{"className":61,"code":14795,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14797,14798,14808,14818,14832,14855,14878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,14799,14800,14802,14804,14806],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,14801,129],{"class":128},[68,14803,79],{"class":78},[68,14805,12165],{"class":138},[68,14807,85],{"class":78},[68,14809,14810,14812,14814,14816],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,14811,129],{"class":128},[68,14813,79],{"class":78},[68,14815,14363],{"class":138},[68,14817,85],{"class":78},[68,14819,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,14821,129],{"class":128},[68,14823,79],{"class":78},[68,14825,12118],{"class":138},[68,14827,12226],{"class":1098},[68,14829,14417],{"class":138},[68,14831,85],{"class":78},[68,14833,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14849,14851,14853],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,14835,129],{"class":128},[68,14837,79],{"class":78},[68,14839,12681],{"class":128},[68,14841,79],{"class":78},[68,14843,12165],{"class":138},[68,14845,9263],{"class":78},[68,14847,14848],{"class":128}," id",[68,14850,79],{"class":78},[68,14852,14363],{"class":138},[68,14854,142],{"class":78},[68,14856,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14874,14876],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,14858,129],{"class":128},[68,14860,79],{"class":78},[68,14862,12681],{"class":128},[68,14864,79],{"class":78},[68,14866,12165],{"class":138},[68,14868,795],{"class":78},[68,14870,344],{"class":114},[68,14872,14873],{"class":118},"key",[68,14875,344],{"class":114},[68,14877,483],{"class":78},[68,14879,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,14881,129],{"class":128},[68,14883,79],{"class":78},[68,14885,12681],{"class":128},[68,14887,79],{"class":78},[68,14889,14363],{"class":138},[68,14891,795],{"class":78},[68,14893,344],{"class":114},[68,14895,14873],{"class":118},[68,14897,344],{"class":114},[68,14899,483],{"class":78},[20,14901,14902],{},"What these help you check:",[33,14904,14905,14908,14911],{},[36,14906,14907],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,14909,14910],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,14912,14913],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14915,14916,14917,236],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[49,14918,14920],{"href":14919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[93,14922,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,14924,12736,14926,14928],{"id":14925},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14927,12467],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14930,14931],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1470,14933,1900,14935,14937],{"id":14934},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14936,12467],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14939,14940],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1470,14942,5221,14944,232,14946,1906],{"id":14943},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14945,12809],{},[15,14947,111],{},[20,14949,14950,14952,14953,14955],{},[15,14951,12809],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14954,111],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1470,14957,14959],{"id":14958},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14961,14962],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[93,14964,1952],{"id":1951},[33,14966,14967,14971,14975,14979,14986,14992],{},[36,14968,14969],{},[49,14970,11272],{"href":13058},[36,14972,14973],{},[49,14974,9187],{"href":13055},[36,14976,14977],{},[49,14978,13823],{"href":13822},[36,14980,14981],{},[49,14982,10766,14983,10770],{"href":14065},[15,14984,14985],{},"update()",[36,14987,14988],{},[49,14989,10766,14990,10770],{"href":12856},[15,14991,11351],{},[36,14993,14994],{},[49,14995,14996],{"href":14919},"How to copy a list in Python",[1995,14998,14999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":15001},[15002,15003,15005,15006,15007,15008,15010,15016,15017,15018,15027],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":13028,"depth":125,"text":15004},"What the copy() method does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":13465,"depth":125,"text":13466},{"id":13826,"depth":125,"text":15009},"When to use copy()",{"id":14075,"depth":125,"text":15011,"children":15012},"copy() vs assignment",[15013,15014],{"id":14092,"depth":145,"text":14093},{"id":14300,"depth":145,"text":15015},"Using copy()",{"id":14531,"depth":125,"text":14532},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":15019},[15020,15022,15024,15026],{"id":14925,"depth":145,"text":15021},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14934,"depth":145,"text":15023},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14943,"depth":145,"text":15025},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14958,"depth":145,"text":14959},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12862,"description":15028},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15035,"title":15036,"body":15037,"description":17235,"extension":2033,"meta":17236,"navigation":148,"path":13058,"seo":17237,"stem":17238,"__hash__":17239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15038,"toc":17197},[15039,15042,15048,15057,15059,15135,15139,15188,15191,15195,15209,15212,15216,15229,15232,15265,15279,15282,15294,15298,15301,15309,15389,15393,15446,15450,15468,15470,15552,15555,15557,15560,15563,15586,15610,15614,15622,15625,15629,15638,15643,15701,15705,15738,15744,15750,15753,15808,15812,15862,15865,15871,15874,15882,15884,15929,15934,15943,15946,15949,15996,15998,16003,16006,16100,16104,16157,16160,16216,16219,16223,16226,16240,16244,16310,16314,16339,16342,16346,16424,16428,16431,16434,16454,16457,16510,16514,16517,16520,16533,16535,16624,16631,16634,16645,16647,16650,16670,16674,16677,16686,16689,16728,16732,16734,16743,16752,16754,16792,16796,16843,16847,16868,16872,16875,16987,16992,17090,17111,17113,17117,17124,17128,17134,17138,17141,17145,17148,17155,17163,17165,17191,17194],[10,15040,15036],{"id":15041},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15043,15044,15045,15047],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1301,15046,9163],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15049,15050,15051,384,15053,236],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[49,15052,9187],{"href":9186},[49,15054,15056],{"href":15055},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[93,15058,2075],{"id":2074},[59,15060,15062],{"className":61,"code":15061,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15063,15064,15072,15090,15104,15117,15121,15125],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15065,15066,15068,15070],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15067,12896],{"class":106},[68,15069,111],{"class":110},[68,15071,11524],{"class":78},[68,15073,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15075,11529],{"class":114},[68,15077,139],{"class":118},[68,15079,344],{"class":114},[68,15081,503],{"class":78},[68,15083,115],{"class":114},[68,15085,12913],{"class":118},[68,15087,344],{"class":114},[68,15089,11545],{"class":78},[68,15091,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15093,11529],{"class":114},[68,15095,395],{"class":118},[68,15097,344],{"class":114},[68,15099,503],{"class":78},[68,15101,7828],{"class":160},[68,15103,11545],{"class":78},[68,15105,15106,15108,15111,15113,15115],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,15107,11529],{"class":114},[68,15109,15110],{"class":118},"is_active",[68,15112,344],{"class":114},[68,15114,503],{"class":78},[68,15116,6462],{"class":526},[68,15118,15119],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,15120,9338],{"class":78},[68,15122,15123],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,15124,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,15126,15127,15129,15131,15133],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,15128,129],{"class":128},[68,15130,79],{"class":78},[68,15132,13658],{"class":138},[68,15134,85],{"class":78},[20,15136,15137],{},[1301,15138,180],{},[59,15140,15142],{"className":61,"code":15141,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15143,15144],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15145,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15147,9308],{"class":78},[68,15149,203],{"class":114},[68,15151,139],{"class":118},[68,15153,203],{"class":114},[68,15155,503],{"class":78},[68,15157,197],{"class":114},[68,15159,12913],{"class":118},[68,15161,203],{"class":114},[68,15163,472],{"class":78},[68,15165,197],{"class":114},[68,15167,395],{"class":118},[68,15169,203],{"class":114},[68,15171,503],{"class":78},[68,15173,7828],{"class":160},[68,15175,472],{"class":78},[68,15177,197],{"class":114},[68,15179,15110],{"class":118},[68,15181,203],{"class":114},[68,15183,503],{"class":78},[68,15185,3960],{"class":526},[68,15187,9338],{"class":78},[20,15189,15190],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[93,15192,15194],{"id":15193},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,15196,15197,15200,15203,15206],{},[36,15198,15199],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,15201,15202],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,15204,15205],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,15207,15208],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[93,15210,15199],{"id":15211},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15213,9160,15214,236],{},[1301,15215,9163],{},[33,15217,15218,15224],{},[36,15219,15220,15221,15223],{},"A ",[1301,15222,14873],{}," is the label",[36,15225,15220,15226,15228],{},[1301,15227,665],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15230,15231],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[59,15233,15235],{"className":61,"code":15234,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15236,15237,15245,15261],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15238,15239,15241,15243],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15240,12896],{"class":106},[68,15242,111],{"class":110},[68,15244,11524],{"class":78},[68,15246,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15248,11529],{"class":114},[68,15250,139],{"class":118},[68,15252,344],{"class":114},[68,15254,503],{"class":78},[68,15256,115],{"class":114},[68,15258,12913],{"class":118},[68,15260,122],{"class":114},[68,15262,15263],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15264,9338],{"class":78},[33,15266,15267,15273],{},[36,15268,15269,15272],{},[15,15270,15271],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,15274,15275,15278],{},[15,15276,15277],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15280,15281],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,15283,15284,15286,15288,15291],{},[36,15285,139],{},[36,15287,395],{},[36,15289,15290],{},"email",[36,15292,15293],{},"country",[93,15295,15297],{"id":15296},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15299,15300],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15302,224,15303,15305,15306,236],{},[15,15304,3838],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15307,15308],{},"key: value",[59,15310,15312],{"className":61,"code":15311,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15313,15314,15322,15340,15354,15371,15375,15379],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15315,15316,15318,15320],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15317,12896],{"class":106},[68,15319,111],{"class":110},[68,15321,11524],{"class":78},[68,15323,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15325,11529],{"class":114},[68,15327,139],{"class":118},[68,15329,344],{"class":114},[68,15331,503],{"class":78},[68,15333,115],{"class":114},[68,15335,12913],{"class":118},[68,15337,344],{"class":114},[68,15339,11545],{"class":78},[68,15341,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15343,11529],{"class":114},[68,15345,395],{"class":118},[68,15347,344],{"class":114},[68,15349,503],{"class":78},[68,15351,7828],{"class":160},[68,15353,11545],{"class":78},[68,15355,15356,15358,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,15357,11529],{"class":114},[68,15359,15360],{"class":118},"course",[68,15362,344],{"class":114},[68,15364,503],{"class":78},[68,15366,115],{"class":114},[68,15368,7334],{"class":118},[68,15370,122],{"class":114},[68,15372,15373],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,15374,9338],{"class":78},[68,15376,15377],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,15378,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,15380,15381,15383,15385,15387],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,15382,129],{"class":128},[68,15384,79],{"class":78},[68,15386,13658],{"class":138},[68,15388,85],{"class":78},[20,15390,15391],{},[1301,15392,180],{},[59,15394,15396],{"className":61,"code":15395,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15397,15398],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15399,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15401,9308],{"class":78},[68,15403,203],{"class":114},[68,15405,139],{"class":118},[68,15407,203],{"class":114},[68,15409,503],{"class":78},[68,15411,197],{"class":114},[68,15413,12913],{"class":118},[68,15415,203],{"class":114},[68,15417,472],{"class":78},[68,15419,197],{"class":114},[68,15421,395],{"class":118},[68,15423,203],{"class":114},[68,15425,503],{"class":78},[68,15427,7828],{"class":160},[68,15429,472],{"class":78},[68,15431,197],{"class":114},[68,15433,15360],{"class":118},[68,15435,203],{"class":114},[68,15437,503],{"class":78},[68,15439,197],{"class":114},[68,15441,7334],{"class":118},[68,15443,203],{"class":114},[68,15445,9338],{"class":78},[1470,15447,15449],{"id":15448},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,15451,15452,15457,15462,15465],{},[36,15453,224,15454,15456],{},[15,15455,3838],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,15458,15459,15460],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15461,15308],{},[36,15463,15464],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,15466,15467],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15469,326],{},[59,15471,15473],{"className":61,"code":15472,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15474,15475,15484,15504,15520,15533,15537,15541],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15476,15477,15480,15482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15478,15479],{"class":106},"book ",[68,15481,111],{"class":110},[68,15483,11524],{"class":78},[68,15485,15486,15488,15491,15493,15495,15497,15500,15502],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15487,11529],{"class":114},[68,15489,15490],{"class":118},"title",[68,15492,344],{"class":114},[68,15494,503],{"class":78},[68,15496,115],{"class":114},[68,15498,15499],{"class":118},"Python Basics",[68,15501,344],{"class":114},[68,15503,11545],{"class":78},[68,15505,15506,15508,15511,15513,15515,15518],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15507,11529],{"class":114},[68,15509,15510],{"class":118},"pages",[68,15512,344],{"class":114},[68,15514,503],{"class":78},[68,15516,15517],{"class":160}," 150",[68,15519,11545],{"class":78},[68,15521,15522,15524,15527,15529,15531],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,15523,11529],{"class":114},[68,15525,15526],{"class":118},"available",[68,15528,344],{"class":114},[68,15530,503],{"class":78},[68,15532,6462],{"class":526},[68,15534,15535],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,15536,9338],{"class":78},[68,15538,15539],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,15540,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,15542,15543,15545,15547,15550],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,15544,129],{"class":128},[68,15546,79],{"class":78},[68,15548,15549],{"class":138},"book",[68,15551,85],{"class":78},[20,15553,15554],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[93,15556,9432],{"id":9431},[20,15558,15559],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15561,15562],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[59,15564,15566],{"className":61,"code":15565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15567,15568,15576],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15569,15570,15572,15574],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15571,9197],{"class":106},[68,15573,111],{"class":110},[68,15575,9868],{"class":78},[68,15577,15578,15580,15582,15584],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15579,129],{"class":128},[68,15581,79],{"class":78},[68,15583,9234],{"class":138},[68,15585,85],{"class":78},[59,15587,15588],{"className":61,"code":9435,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,15589,15590,15600],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15591,15592,15594,15596,15598],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15593,9197],{"class":106},[68,15595,111],{"class":110},[68,15597,1183],{"class":74},[68,15599,8677],{"class":78},[68,15601,15602,15604,15606,15608],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15603,129],{"class":128},[68,15605,79],{"class":78},[68,15607,9234],{"class":138},[68,15609,85],{"class":78},[20,15611,15612],{},[1301,15613,180],{},[59,15615,15616],{"className":61,"code":9464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,15617,15618],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15619,15620],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15621,9464],{"class":78},[20,15623,15624],{},"Both are correct.",[1470,15626,15628],{"id":15627},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15630,15631,15633,15634,15637],{},[15,15632,3838],{}," creates an empty ",[1301,15635,15636],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15639,15640,15641,236],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15642,3843],{},[59,15644,15646],{"className":61,"code":15645,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15647,15648,15656,15668,15672,15686],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15649,15650,15652,15654],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15651,11756],{"class":106},[68,15653,111],{"class":110},[68,15655,9868],{"class":78},[68,15657,15658,15661,15663,15666],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15659,15660],{"class":106},"my_set ",[68,15662,111],{"class":110},[68,15664,15665],{"class":74}," set",[68,15667,8677],{"class":78},[68,15669,15670],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15671,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,15673,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,15675,129],{"class":128},[68,15677,79],{"class":78},[68,15679,75],{"class":74},[68,15681,79],{"class":78},[68,15683,11480],{"class":138},[68,15685,142],{"class":78},[68,15687,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15699],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,15689,129],{"class":128},[68,15691,79],{"class":78},[68,15693,75],{"class":74},[68,15695,79],{"class":78},[68,15697,15698],{"class":138},"my_set",[68,15700,142],{"class":78},[20,15702,15703],{},[1301,15704,180],{},[59,15706,15708],{"className":61,"code":15707,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15709,15710,15724],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15711,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15713,190],{"class":110},[68,15715,194],{"class":193},[68,15717,197],{"class":114},[68,15719,280],{"class":118},[68,15721,203],{"class":114},[68,15723,206],{"class":110},[68,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15727,190],{"class":110},[68,15729,194],{"class":193},[68,15731,197],{"class":114},[68,15733,6328],{"class":118},[68,15735,203],{"class":114},[68,15737,206],{"class":110},[93,15739,15741,15742],{"id":15740},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15743,9151],{},[20,15745,15746,15747,15749],{},"You can also use ",[15,15748,9151],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15751,15752],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[59,15754,15756],{"className":61,"code":15755,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15757,15758,15798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15759,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15787,15789,15792,15794,15796],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15761,12896],{"class":106},[68,15763,111],{"class":110},[68,15765,1183],{"class":74},[68,15767,79],{"class":78},[68,15769,139],{"class":9206},[68,15771,111],{"class":110},[68,15773,344],{"class":114},[68,15775,12913],{"class":118},[68,15777,344],{"class":114},[68,15779,472],{"class":78},[68,15781,9219],{"class":9206},[68,15783,111],{"class":110},[68,15785,15786],{"class":160},"20",[68,15788,472],{"class":78},[68,15790,15791],{"class":9206}," active",[68,15793,111],{"class":110},[68,15795,290],{"class":526},[68,15797,85],{"class":78},[68,15799,15800,15802,15804,15806],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15801,129],{"class":128},[68,15803,79],{"class":78},[68,15805,13658],{"class":138},[68,15807,85],{"class":78},[20,15809,15810],{},[1301,15811,180],{},[59,15813,15815],{"className":61,"code":15814,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15816,15817],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15818,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15854,15856,15858,15860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15820,9308],{"class":78},[68,15822,203],{"class":114},[68,15824,139],{"class":118},[68,15826,203],{"class":114},[68,15828,503],{"class":78},[68,15830,197],{"class":114},[68,15832,12913],{"class":118},[68,15834,203],{"class":114},[68,15836,472],{"class":78},[68,15838,197],{"class":114},[68,15840,395],{"class":118},[68,15842,203],{"class":114},[68,15844,503],{"class":78},[68,15846,7828],{"class":160},[68,15848,472],{"class":78},[68,15850,197],{"class":114},[68,15852,15853],{"class":118},"active",[68,15855,203],{"class":114},[68,15857,503],{"class":78},[68,15859,3960],{"class":526},[68,15861,9338],{"class":78},[20,15863,15864],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1470,15866,15868,15869],{"id":15867},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15870,9151],{},[20,15872,15873],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,15875,15876,15879],{},[36,15877,15878],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,15880,15881],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15883,6726],{},[59,15885,15887],{"className":61,"code":15886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15888,15889,15919],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15890,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15892,11519],{"class":106},[68,15894,111],{"class":110},[68,15896,1183],{"class":74},[68,15898,79],{"class":78},[68,15900,139],{"class":9206},[68,15902,111],{"class":110},[68,15904,344],{"class":114},[68,15906,7714],{"class":118},[68,15908,344],{"class":114},[68,15910,472],{"class":78},[68,15912,9219],{"class":9206},[68,15914,111],{"class":110},[68,15916,902],{"class":160},[68,15918,85],{"class":78},[68,15920,15921,15923,15925,15927],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15922,129],{"class":128},[68,15924,79],{"class":78},[68,15926,11613],{"class":138},[68,15928,85],{"class":78},[20,15930,4673,15931,15933],{},[1301,15932,1303],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[59,15935,15937],{"className":61,"code":15936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15938,15939],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15940,15941],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15942,15936],{"class":3708},[20,15944,15945],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15947,15948],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[59,15950,15952],{"className":61,"code":15951,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15953,15954,15962,15978,15982,15986],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,15955,15956,15958,15960],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,15957,11519],{"class":106},[68,15959,111],{"class":110},[68,15961,11524],{"class":78},[68,15963,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,15965,11529],{"class":114},[68,15967,10525],{"class":118},[68,15969,344],{"class":114},[68,15971,503],{"class":78},[68,15973,115],{"class":114},[68,15975,7714],{"class":118},[68,15977,122],{"class":114},[68,15979,15980],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,15981,9338],{"class":78},[68,15983,15984],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,15985,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,15987,15988,15990,15992,15994],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,15989,129],{"class":128},[68,15991,79],{"class":78},[68,15993,11613],{"class":138},[68,15995,85],{"class":78},[93,15997,9474],{"id":9473},[20,15999,16000,16002],{},[15,16001,9151],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16004,16005],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[59,16007,16009],{"className":61,"code":16008,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16010,16011,16068,16072,16086,16090],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16012,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16064,16066],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16014,9245],{"class":106},[68,16016,111],{"class":110},[68,16018,9250],{"class":78},[68,16020,344],{"class":114},[68,16022,139],{"class":118},[68,16024,344],{"class":114},[68,16026,472],{"class":78},[68,16028,115],{"class":114},[68,16030,12913],{"class":118},[68,16032,344],{"class":114},[68,16034,9263],{"class":78},[68,16036,9266],{"class":78},[68,16038,344],{"class":114},[68,16040,395],{"class":118},[68,16042,344],{"class":114},[68,16044,472],{"class":78},[68,16046,7828],{"class":160},[68,16048,9263],{"class":78},[68,16050,9266],{"class":78},[68,16052,344],{"class":114},[68,16054,10439],{"class":118},[68,16056,344],{"class":114},[68,16058,472],{"class":78},[68,16060,115],{"class":114},[68,16062,16063],{"class":118},"Lima",[68,16065,344],{"class":114},[68,16067,9279],{"class":78},[68,16069,16070],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16071,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16073,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16075,12896],{"class":106},[68,16077,111],{"class":110},[68,16079,1183],{"class":74},[68,16081,79],{"class":78},[68,16083,9292],{"class":138},[68,16085,85],{"class":78},[68,16087,16088],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16089,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16091,16092,16094,16096,16098],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16093,129],{"class":128},[68,16095,79],{"class":78},[68,16097,13658],{"class":138},[68,16099,85],{"class":78},[20,16101,16102],{},[1301,16103,180],{},[59,16105,16107],{"className":61,"code":16106,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16108,16109],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16110,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16112,9308],{"class":78},[68,16114,203],{"class":114},[68,16116,139],{"class":118},[68,16118,203],{"class":114},[68,16120,503],{"class":78},[68,16122,197],{"class":114},[68,16124,12913],{"class":118},[68,16126,203],{"class":114},[68,16128,472],{"class":78},[68,16130,197],{"class":114},[68,16132,395],{"class":118},[68,16134,203],{"class":114},[68,16136,503],{"class":78},[68,16138,7828],{"class":160},[68,16140,472],{"class":78},[68,16142,197],{"class":114},[68,16144,10439],{"class":118},[68,16146,203],{"class":114},[68,16148,503],{"class":78},[68,16150,197],{"class":114},[68,16152,16063],{"class":118},[68,16154,203],{"class":114},[68,16156,9338],{"class":78},[20,16158,16159],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[59,16161,16163],{"className":61,"code":16162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16164,16165,16206],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16166,16167,16169,16171,16173,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16168,12896],{"class":106},[68,16170,111],{"class":110},[68,16172,1183],{"class":74},[68,16174,16175],{"class":78},"(((",[68,16177,344],{"class":114},[68,16179,139],{"class":118},[68,16181,344],{"class":114},[68,16183,472],{"class":78},[68,16185,115],{"class":114},[68,16187,12913],{"class":118},[68,16189,344],{"class":114},[68,16191,9263],{"class":78},[68,16193,9266],{"class":78},[68,16195,344],{"class":114},[68,16197,395],{"class":118},[68,16199,344],{"class":114},[68,16201,472],{"class":78},[68,16203,7828],{"class":160},[68,16205,2970],{"class":78},[68,16207,16208,16210,16212,16214],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16209,129],{"class":128},[68,16211,79],{"class":78},[68,16213,13658],{"class":138},[68,16215,85],{"class":78},[20,16217,16218],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[93,16220,16222],{"id":16221},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16224,16225],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,16227,16228,16231,16234,16237],{},[36,16229,16230],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,16232,16233],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,16235,16236],{},"Values can repeat",[36,16238,16239],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1470,16241,16243],{"id":16242},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[59,16245,16247],{"className":61,"code":16246,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16248,16249,16257,16275,16292,16296,16300],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16250,16251,16253,16255],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16252,9197],{"class":106},[68,16254,111],{"class":110},[68,16256,11524],{"class":78},[68,16258,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16260,11529],{"class":114},[68,16262,139],{"class":118},[68,16264,344],{"class":114},[68,16266,503],{"class":78},[68,16268,115],{"class":114},[68,16270,12913],{"class":118},[68,16272,344],{"class":114},[68,16274,11545],{"class":78},[68,16276,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16290],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16278,11529],{"class":114},[68,16280,139],{"class":118},[68,16282,344],{"class":114},[68,16284,503],{"class":78},[68,16286,115],{"class":114},[68,16288,16289],{"class":118},"Maria",[68,16291,122],{"class":114},[68,16293,16294],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16295,9338],{"class":78},[68,16297,16298],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16299,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,16303,129],{"class":128},[68,16305,79],{"class":78},[68,16307,9234],{"class":138},[68,16309,85],{"class":78},[20,16311,16312],{},[1301,16313,180],{},[59,16315,16317],{"className":61,"code":16316,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16318,16319],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16320,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16322,9308],{"class":78},[68,16324,203],{"class":114},[68,16326,139],{"class":118},[68,16328,203],{"class":114},[68,16330,503],{"class":78},[68,16332,197],{"class":114},[68,16334,16289],{"class":118},[68,16336,203],{"class":114},[68,16338,9338],{"class":78},[20,16340,16341],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1470,16343,16345],{"id":16344},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[59,16347,16349],{"className":61,"code":16348,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16350,16351,16359,16375,16391,16405,16409,16413],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16352,16353,16355,16357],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16354,5108],{"class":106},[68,16356,111],{"class":110},[68,16358,11524],{"class":78},[68,16360,16361,16364,16366,16368,16371,16373],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16362,16363],{"class":160},"    1",[68,16365,503],{"class":78},[68,16367,115],{"class":114},[68,16369,16370],{"class":118},"low",[68,16372,344],{"class":114},[68,16374,11545],{"class":78},[68,16376,16377,16380,16382,16384,16387,16389],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16378,16379],{"class":160},"    2",[68,16381,503],{"class":78},[68,16383,115],{"class":114},[68,16385,16386],{"class":118},"medium",[68,16388,344],{"class":114},[68,16390,11545],{"class":78},[68,16392,16393,16396,16398,16400,16403],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16394,16395],{"class":160},"    3",[68,16397,503],{"class":78},[68,16399,115],{"class":114},[68,16401,16402],{"class":118},"high",[68,16404,122],{"class":114},[68,16406,16407],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16408,9338],{"class":78},[68,16410,16411],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,16412,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16414,16415,16417,16419,16422],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,16416,129],{"class":128},[68,16418,79],{"class":78},[68,16420,16421],{"class":138},"scores",[68,16423,85],{"class":78},[1470,16425,16427],{"id":16426},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16429,16430],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16432,16433],{},"This will cause an error:",[59,16435,16437],{"className":61,"code":16436,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16438,16439,16444,16449],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16440,16441],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16442,16443],{"class":3708},"# bad = {\n",[68,16445,16446],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16447,16448],{"class":3708},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[68,16450,16451],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16452,16453],{"class":3708},"# }\n",[20,16455,16456],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[59,16458,16460],{"className":61,"code":16459,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16461,16462,16471,16491,16495,16499],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16463,16464,16467,16469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16465,16466],{"class":106},"good ",[68,16468,111],{"class":110},[68,16470,11524],{"class":78},[68,16472,16473,16476,16478,16480,16482,16485,16487,16489],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16474,16475],{"class":78},"    (",[68,16477,469],{"class":160},[68,16479,472],{"class":78},[68,16481,475],{"class":160},[68,16483,16484],{"class":78},"):",[68,16486,115],{"class":114},[68,16488,3693],{"class":118},[68,16490,122],{"class":114},[68,16492,16493],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16494,9338],{"class":78},[68,16496,16497],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16498,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16500,16501,16503,16505,16508],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16502,129],{"class":128},[68,16504,79],{"class":78},[68,16506,16507],{"class":138},"good",[68,16509,85],{"class":78},[93,16511,16513],{"id":16512},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16515,16516],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16518,16519],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,16521,16522,16525,16527,16530],{},[36,16523,16524],{},"user data",[36,16526,13917],{},[36,16528,16529],{},"counters",[36,16531,16532],{},"lookups",[20,16534,326],{},[59,16536,16538],{"className":61,"code":16537,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16539,16540,16548,16567,16586,16598,16602,16606],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16541,16542,16544,16546],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16543,11519],{"class":106},[68,16545,111],{"class":110},[68,16547,11524],{"class":78},[68,16549,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16563,16565],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16551,11529],{"class":114},[68,16553,8023],{"class":118},[68,16555,344],{"class":114},[68,16557,503],{"class":78},[68,16559,115],{"class":114},[68,16561,16562],{"class":118},"ana123",[68,16564,344],{"class":114},[68,16566,11545],{"class":78},[68,16568,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16582,16584],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16570,11529],{"class":114},[68,16572,15290],{"class":118},[68,16574,344],{"class":114},[68,16576,503],{"class":78},[68,16578,115],{"class":114},[68,16580,16581],{"class":118},"ana@example.com",[68,16583,344],{"class":114},[68,16585,11545],{"class":78},[68,16587,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16589,11529],{"class":114},[68,16591,12546],{"class":118},[68,16593,344],{"class":114},[68,16595,503],{"class":78},[68,16597,6462],{"class":526},[68,16599,16600],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16601,9338],{"class":78},[68,16603,16604],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,16605,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16607,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,16609,129],{"class":128},[68,16611,79],{"class":78},[68,16613,11613],{"class":138},[68,16615,795],{"class":78},[68,16617,344],{"class":114},[68,16619,15290],{"class":118},[68,16621,344],{"class":114},[68,16623,3933],{"class":78},[20,16625,16626,16627,236],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[49,16628,16630],{"href":16629},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16632,16633],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,16635,16636,16639,16642],{},[36,16637,16638],{},"labels are not needed",[36,16640,16641],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,16643,16644],{},"order matters more than named fields",[93,16646,1750],{"id":1749},[20,16648,16649],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,16651,16652,16655,16658,16661,16664],{},[36,16653,16654],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,16656,16657],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,16659,16660],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,16662,16663],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,16665,16666,16667,16669],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16668,3838],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1470,16671,16673],{"id":16672},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16675,16676],{},"Wrong:",[59,16678,16680],{"className":61,"code":16679,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16681,16682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16683,16684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16685,16679],{"class":3708},[20,16687,16688],{},"Correct:",[59,16690,16692],{"className":61,"code":16691,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16693,16694,16718],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16695,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16697,12896],{"class":106},[68,16699,111],{"class":110},[68,16701,1221],{"class":78},[68,16703,344],{"class":114},[68,16705,139],{"class":118},[68,16707,344],{"class":114},[68,16709,503],{"class":78},[68,16711,115],{"class":114},[68,16713,12913],{"class":118},[68,16715,344],{"class":114},[68,16717,9338],{"class":78},[68,16719,16720,16722,16724,16726],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16721,129],{"class":128},[68,16723,79],{"class":78},[68,16725,13658],{"class":138},[68,16727,85],{"class":78},[1470,16729,16731],{"id":16730},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16733,16676],{},[59,16735,16737],{"className":61,"code":16736,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16738,16739],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16740,16741],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16742,16736],{"class":3708},[20,16744,16745,16746,16748,16749,16751],{},"This only works if ",[15,16747,139],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16750,15271],{},", use quotes.",[20,16753,16688],{},[59,16755,16756],{"className":61,"code":16691,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,16757,16758,16782],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16759,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16761,12896],{"class":106},[68,16763,111],{"class":110},[68,16765,1221],{"class":78},[68,16767,344],{"class":114},[68,16769,139],{"class":118},[68,16771,344],{"class":114},[68,16773,503],{"class":78},[68,16775,115],{"class":114},[68,16777,12913],{"class":118},[68,16779,344],{"class":114},[68,16781,9338],{"class":78},[68,16783,16784,16786,16788,16790],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16785,129],{"class":128},[68,16787,79],{"class":78},[68,16789,13658],{"class":138},[68,16791,85],{"class":78},[1470,16793,16795],{"id":16794},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[59,16797,16799],{"className":61,"code":16798,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16800,16801,16833],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16802,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16804,9197],{"class":106},[68,16806,111],{"class":110},[68,16808,1221],{"class":78},[68,16810,344],{"class":114},[68,16812,395],{"class":118},[68,16814,344],{"class":114},[68,16816,503],{"class":78},[68,16818,7828],{"class":160},[68,16820,472],{"class":78},[68,16822,115],{"class":114},[68,16824,395],{"class":118},[68,16826,344],{"class":114},[68,16828,503],{"class":78},[68,16830,7833],{"class":160},[68,16832,9338],{"class":78},[68,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16836,129],{"class":128},[68,16838,79],{"class":78},[68,16840,9234],{"class":138},[68,16842,85],{"class":78},[20,16844,16845],{},[1301,16846,180],{},[59,16848,16850],{"className":61,"code":16849,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16851,16852],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16853,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16855,9308],{"class":78},[68,16857,203],{"class":114},[68,16859,395],{"class":118},[68,16861,203],{"class":114},[68,16863,503],{"class":78},[68,16865,7833],{"class":160},[68,16867,9338],{"class":78},[93,16869,16871],{"id":16870},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16873,16874],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[59,16876,16878],{"className":61,"code":16877,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16879,16880,16916,16920,16930,16944,16959,16973],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16881,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,16883,11756],{"class":106},[68,16885,111],{"class":110},[68,16887,1221],{"class":78},[68,16889,344],{"class":114},[68,16891,139],{"class":118},[68,16893,344],{"class":114},[68,16895,503],{"class":78},[68,16897,115],{"class":114},[68,16899,12913],{"class":118},[68,16901,344],{"class":114},[68,16903,472],{"class":78},[68,16905,115],{"class":114},[68,16907,395],{"class":118},[68,16909,344],{"class":114},[68,16911,503],{"class":78},[68,16913,7828],{"class":160},[68,16915,9338],{"class":78},[68,16917,16918],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,16919,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,16921,16922,16924,16926,16928],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,16923,129],{"class":128},[68,16925,79],{"class":78},[68,16927,11480],{"class":138},[68,16929,85],{"class":78},[68,16931,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,16933,129],{"class":128},[68,16935,79],{"class":78},[68,16937,75],{"class":74},[68,16939,79],{"class":78},[68,16941,11480],{"class":138},[68,16943,142],{"class":78},[68,16945,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16957],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,16947,129],{"class":128},[68,16949,79],{"class":78},[68,16951,11480],{"class":138},[68,16953,236],{"class":78},[68,16955,16956],{"class":138},"keys",[68,16958,7231],{"class":78},[68,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,16962,129],{"class":128},[68,16964,79],{"class":78},[68,16966,11480],{"class":138},[68,16968,236],{"class":78},[68,16970,5401],{"class":138},[68,16972,7231],{"class":78},[68,16974,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,16976,129],{"class":128},[68,16978,79],{"class":78},[68,16980,11191],{"class":128},[68,16982,79],{"class":78},[68,16984,11480],{"class":138},[68,16986,142],{"class":78},[20,16988,16989],{},[1301,16990,16991],{},"Example output:",[59,16993,16995],{"className":61,"code":16994,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16996,16997,17029,17043,17066,17085],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,16998,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17000,9308],{"class":78},[68,17002,203],{"class":114},[68,17004,139],{"class":118},[68,17006,203],{"class":114},[68,17008,503],{"class":78},[68,17010,197],{"class":114},[68,17012,12913],{"class":118},[68,17014,203],{"class":114},[68,17016,472],{"class":78},[68,17018,197],{"class":114},[68,17020,395],{"class":118},[68,17022,203],{"class":114},[68,17024,503],{"class":78},[68,17026,7828],{"class":160},[68,17028,9338],{"class":78},[68,17030,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,17032,190],{"class":110},[68,17034,194],{"class":193},[68,17036,197],{"class":114},[68,17038,280],{"class":118},[68,17040,203],{"class":114},[68,17042,206],{"class":110},[68,17044,17045,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,17046,17047],{"class":138},"dict_keys",[68,17049,466],{"class":78},[68,17051,203],{"class":114},[68,17053,139],{"class":118},[68,17055,203],{"class":114},[68,17057,472],{"class":78},[68,17059,197],{"class":114},[68,17061,395],{"class":118},[68,17063,203],{"class":114},[68,17065,3933],{"class":78},[68,17067,17068,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,17069,17070],{"class":138},"dict_values",[68,17072,466],{"class":78},[68,17074,203],{"class":114},[68,17076,12913],{"class":118},[68,17078,203],{"class":114},[68,17080,472],{"class":78},[68,17082,7828],{"class":160},[68,17084,3933],{"class":78},[68,17086,17087],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,17088,17089],{"class":160},"2\n",[20,17091,17092,17093,1448,17099,1453,17105,236],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[49,17094,10766,17096],{"href":17095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17097,17098],{},"keys()",[49,17100,10766,17102],{"href":17101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17103,17104],{},"values()",[49,17106,10766,17108],{"href":17107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17109,17110],{},"items()",[93,17112,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,17114,17116],{"id":17115},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17118,224,17119,384,17121,17123],{},[15,17120,3838],{},[15,17122,9151],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1470,17125,17127],{"id":17126},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17129,17130,17131,236],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17132,17133],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1470,17135,17137],{"id":17136},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17139,17140],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1470,17142,17144],{"id":17143},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17146,17147],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1470,17149,5221,17151,232,17153,1906],{"id":17150},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17152,3838],{},[15,17154,9151],{},[20,17156,17157,17159,17160,17162],{},[15,17158,3838],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17161,9151],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[93,17164,1952],{"id":1951},[33,17166,17167,17171,17177,17181,17187],{},[36,17168,17169],{},[49,17170,9187],{"href":9186},[36,17172,17173],{},[49,17174,10766,17175,10770],{"href":10765},[15,17176,10769],{},[36,17178,17179],{},[49,17180,11281],{"href":10760},[36,17182,17183],{},[49,17184,17186],{"href":17185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,17188,17189],{},[49,17190,11292],{"href":11104},[20,17192,17193],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1995,17195,17196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":17198},[17199,17200,17201,17202,17205,17208,17213,17214,17219,17220,17225,17226,17234],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":15211,"depth":125,"text":15199},{"id":15296,"depth":125,"text":15297,"children":17203},[17204],{"id":15448,"depth":145,"text":15449},{"id":9431,"depth":125,"text":9432,"children":17206},[17207],{"id":15627,"depth":145,"text":15628},{"id":15740,"depth":125,"text":17209,"children":17210},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17211],{"id":15867,"depth":145,"text":17212},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9473,"depth":125,"text":9474},{"id":16221,"depth":125,"text":16222,"children":17215},[17216,17217,17218],{"id":16242,"depth":145,"text":16243},{"id":16344,"depth":145,"text":16345},{"id":16426,"depth":145,"text":16427},{"id":16512,"depth":125,"text":16513},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":17221},[17222,17223,17224],{"id":16672,"depth":145,"text":16673},{"id":16730,"depth":145,"text":16731},{"id":16794,"depth":145,"text":16795},{"id":16870,"depth":125,"text":16871},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":17227},[17228,17229,17230,17231,17232],{"id":17115,"depth":145,"text":17116},{"id":17126,"depth":145,"text":17127},{"id":17136,"depth":145,"text":17137},{"id":17143,"depth":145,"text":17144},{"id":17150,"depth":145,"text":17233},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15036,"description":17235},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17241,"title":17242,"body":17243,"description":19694,"extension":2033,"meta":19695,"navigation":148,"path":19696,"seo":19697,"stem":19698,"__hash__":19699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17244,"toc":19650},[17245,17251,17257,17260,17263,17265,17347,17353,17358,17362,17380,17392,17397,17401,17424,17428,17440,17448,17452,17458,17460,17463,17538,17540,17585,17587,17604,17609,17615,17620,17694,17696,17741,17744,17755,17757,17876,17878,17931,17938,17942,17945,17962,17968,17972,18070,18072,18124,18131,18135,18141,18144,18147,18174,18179,18183,18186,18290,18292,18337,18340,18343,18348,18353,18364,18366,18427,18487,18493,18501,18507,18512,18517,18577,18581,18648,18651,18655,18726,18729,18742,18749,18751,18755,18759,18830,18832,18869,18872,18875,18938,18945,18948,18990,19000,19003,19072,19078,19083,19167,19169,19218,19225,19231,19276,19278,19311,19316,19320,19326,19365,19409,19477,19520,19522,19528,19531,19535,19540,19544,19547,19551,19553,19614,19616,19642,19647],[10,17246,11348,17248,11352],{"id":17247},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17249,17250],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17252,17253,17256],{},[15,17254,17255],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17258,17259],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17261,17262],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[93,17264,2075],{"id":2074},[59,17266,17268],{"className":61,"code":17267,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17269,17270,17303,17331,17342],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17271,17272,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17273,17274],{"class":106},"keys ",[68,17276,111],{"class":110},[68,17278,725],{"class":78},[68,17280,344],{"class":114},[68,17282,139],{"class":118},[68,17284,344],{"class":114},[68,17286,472],{"class":78},[68,17288,115],{"class":114},[68,17290,395],{"class":118},[68,17292,344],{"class":114},[68,17294,472],{"class":78},[68,17296,115],{"class":114},[68,17298,10439],{"class":118},[68,17300,344],{"class":114},[68,17302,730],{"class":78},[68,17304,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17327,17329],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,17306,13237],{"class":106},[68,17308,111],{"class":110},[68,17310,1183],{"class":74},[68,17312,236],{"class":78},[68,17314,17315],{"class":138},"fromkeys",[68,17317,79],{"class":78},[68,17319,16956],{"class":138},[68,17321,472],{"class":78},[68,17323,115],{"class":114},[68,17325,17326],{"class":118},"unknown",[68,17328,344],{"class":114},[68,17330,85],{"class":78},[68,17332,17333,17335,17337,17340],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,17334,129],{"class":128},[68,17336,79],{"class":78},[68,17338,17339],{"class":138},"person",[68,17341,85],{"class":78},[68,17343,17344],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,17345,17346],{"class":3708},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17348,224,17349,17352],{},[15,17350,17351],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[93,17354,3722,17356,3725],{"id":17355},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17357,17255],{},[20,17359,17360,503],{},[15,17361,17255],{},[33,17363,17364,17367,17370,17373],{},[36,17365,17366],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,17368,17369],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,17371,17372],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,17374,17375,17376,17379],{},"Is called as ",[15,17377,17378],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17381,17382,17383,17385,17386,17388,17389,236],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17384,280],{},", so you write ",[15,17387,17378],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17390,17391],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17393,17394,17395,236],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[49,17396,9187],{"href":13055},[93,17398,17400],{"id":17399},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[59,17402,17404],{"className":61,"code":17403,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17405,17406],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17407,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17409,280],{"class":74},[68,17411,236],{"class":78},[68,17413,17315],{"class":138},[68,17415,79],{"class":78},[68,17417,3766],{"class":138},[68,17419,472],{"class":78},[68,17421,8467],{"class":138},[68,17423,85],{"class":78},[1470,17425,17427],{"id":17426},"parameters","Parameters",[33,17429,17430,17435],{},[36,17431,17432,17434],{},[15,17433,3766],{},": the keys to use",[36,17436,17437,17439],{},[15,17438,665],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17441,17442,17443,17445,17446,236],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17444,665],{},", each key gets ",[15,17447,3824],{},[1470,17449,17451],{"id":17450},"return-value","Return value",[20,17453,17454,17455,236],{},"It returns a ",[1301,17456,17457],{},"new dictionary",[93,17459,5827],{"id":5826},[20,17461,17462],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[59,17464,17466],{"className":61,"code":17465,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17467,17468,17501,17523,17527],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17469,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17471,17274],{"class":106},[68,17473,111],{"class":110},[68,17475,725],{"class":78},[68,17477,344],{"class":114},[68,17479,13125],{"class":118},[68,17481,344],{"class":114},[68,17483,472],{"class":78},[68,17485,115],{"class":114},[68,17487,17488],{"class":118},"green",[68,17490,344],{"class":114},[68,17492,472],{"class":78},[68,17494,115],{"class":114},[68,17496,13142],{"class":118},[68,17498,344],{"class":114},[68,17500,730],{"class":78},[68,17502,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,17504,13108],{"class":106},[68,17506,111],{"class":110},[68,17508,1183],{"class":74},[68,17510,236],{"class":78},[68,17512,17315],{"class":138},[68,17514,79],{"class":78},[68,17516,16956],{"class":138},[68,17518,472],{"class":78},[68,17520,3880],{"class":160},[68,17522,85],{"class":78},[68,17524,17525],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,17526,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,17528,17529,17531,17533,17536],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,17530,129],{"class":128},[68,17532,79],{"class":78},[68,17534,17535],{"class":138},"colors",[68,17537,85],{"class":78},[20,17539,180],{},[59,17541,17543],{"className":61,"code":17542,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17544,17545],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17546,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17548,9308],{"class":78},[68,17550,203],{"class":114},[68,17552,13125],{"class":118},[68,17554,203],{"class":114},[68,17556,503],{"class":78},[68,17558,3880],{"class":160},[68,17560,472],{"class":78},[68,17562,197],{"class":114},[68,17564,17488],{"class":118},[68,17566,203],{"class":114},[68,17568,503],{"class":78},[68,17570,3880],{"class":160},[68,17572,472],{"class":78},[68,17574,197],{"class":114},[68,17576,13142],{"class":118},[68,17578,203],{"class":114},[68,17580,503],{"class":78},[68,17582,3880],{"class":160},[68,17584,9338],{"class":78},[20,17586,11715],{},[33,17588,17589,17594,17599],{},[36,17590,17591,17593],{},[15,17592,16956],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,17595,17596,17598],{},[15,17597,2192],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,17600,17601,17603],{},[15,17602,17255],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17605,17606,17607,236],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[49,17608,9421],{"href":13058},[93,17610,633,17612,17614],{"id":17611},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17613,17250],{}," without a value",[20,17616,17617,17618,236],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17619,3824],{},[59,17621,17623],{"className":61,"code":17622,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17624,17625,17659,17679,17683],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17626,17627,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17655,17657],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17628,17629],{"class":106},"fields ",[68,17631,111],{"class":110},[68,17633,725],{"class":78},[68,17635,344],{"class":114},[68,17637,8023],{"class":118},[68,17639,344],{"class":114},[68,17641,472],{"class":78},[68,17643,115],{"class":114},[68,17645,15290],{"class":118},[68,17647,344],{"class":114},[68,17649,472],{"class":78},[68,17651,115],{"class":114},[68,17653,17654],{"class":118},"password",[68,17656,344],{"class":114},[68,17658,730],{"class":78},[68,17660,17661,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17677],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,17662,17663],{"class":106},"user_data ",[68,17665,111],{"class":110},[68,17667,1183],{"class":74},[68,17669,236],{"class":78},[68,17671,17315],{"class":138},[68,17673,79],{"class":78},[68,17675,17676],{"class":138},"fields",[68,17678,85],{"class":78},[68,17680,17681],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,17682,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,17684,17685,17687,17689,17692],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,17686,129],{"class":128},[68,17688,79],{"class":78},[68,17690,17691],{"class":138},"user_data",[68,17693,85],{"class":78},[20,17695,180],{},[59,17697,17699],{"className":61,"code":17698,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17700,17701],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17702,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17704,9308],{"class":78},[68,17706,203],{"class":114},[68,17708,8023],{"class":118},[68,17710,203],{"class":114},[68,17712,503],{"class":78},[68,17714,3898],{"class":526},[68,17716,472],{"class":78},[68,17718,197],{"class":114},[68,17720,15290],{"class":118},[68,17722,203],{"class":114},[68,17724,503],{"class":78},[68,17726,3898],{"class":526},[68,17728,472],{"class":78},[68,17730,197],{"class":114},[68,17732,17654],{"class":118},[68,17734,203],{"class":114},[68,17736,503],{"class":78},[68,17738,3898],{"class":526},[68,17740,9338],{"class":78},[20,17742,17743],{},"This is useful when:",[33,17745,17746,17749,17752],{},[36,17747,17748],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,17750,17751],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,17753,17754],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17756,326],{},[59,17758,17760],{"className":61,"code":17759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17761,17762,17794,17812,17816,17839,17862,17866],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17763,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17765,17629],{"class":106},[68,17767,111],{"class":110},[68,17769,725],{"class":78},[68,17771,344],{"class":114},[68,17773,8023],{"class":118},[68,17775,344],{"class":114},[68,17777,472],{"class":78},[68,17779,115],{"class":114},[68,17781,15290],{"class":118},[68,17783,344],{"class":114},[68,17785,472],{"class":78},[68,17787,115],{"class":114},[68,17789,17654],{"class":118},[68,17791,344],{"class":114},[68,17793,730],{"class":78},[68,17795,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,17797,17663],{"class":106},[68,17799,111],{"class":110},[68,17801,1183],{"class":74},[68,17803,236],{"class":78},[68,17805,17315],{"class":138},[68,17807,79],{"class":78},[68,17809,17676],{"class":138},[68,17811,85],{"class":78},[68,17813,17814],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,17815,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,17817,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17837],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,17819,17691],{"class":106},[68,17821,795],{"class":78},[68,17823,344],{"class":114},[68,17825,8023],{"class":118},[68,17827,344],{"class":114},[68,17829,800],{"class":78},[68,17831,13308],{"class":110},[68,17833,115],{"class":114},[68,17835,17836],{"class":118},"alice",[68,17838,122],{"class":114},[68,17840,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17860],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,17842,17691],{"class":106},[68,17844,795],{"class":78},[68,17846,344],{"class":114},[68,17848,15290],{"class":118},[68,17850,344],{"class":114},[68,17852,800],{"class":78},[68,17854,13308],{"class":110},[68,17856,115],{"class":114},[68,17858,17859],{"class":118},"alice@example.com",[68,17861,122],{"class":114},[68,17863,17864],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,17865,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,17869,129],{"class":128},[68,17871,79],{"class":78},[68,17873,17691],{"class":138},[68,17875,85],{"class":78},[20,17877,180],{},[59,17879,17881],{"className":61,"code":17880,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17882,17883],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17884,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17886,9308],{"class":78},[68,17888,203],{"class":114},[68,17890,8023],{"class":118},[68,17892,203],{"class":114},[68,17894,503],{"class":78},[68,17896,197],{"class":114},[68,17898,17836],{"class":118},[68,17900,203],{"class":114},[68,17902,472],{"class":78},[68,17904,197],{"class":114},[68,17906,15290],{"class":118},[68,17908,203],{"class":114},[68,17910,503],{"class":78},[68,17912,197],{"class":114},[68,17914,17859],{"class":118},[68,17916,203],{"class":114},[68,17918,472],{"class":78},[68,17920,197],{"class":114},[68,17922,17654],{"class":118},[68,17924,203],{"class":114},[68,17926,503],{"class":78},[68,17928,3898],{"class":526},[68,17930,9338],{"class":78},[20,17932,17933,17934,236],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[49,17935,17937],{"href":17936},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[93,17939,17941],{"id":17940},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17943,17944],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,17946,17947,17952,17957],{},[36,17948,17949,17951],{},[15,17950,3833],{}," (list)",[36,17953,17954,17956],{},[15,17955,3838],{}," (dictionary)",[36,17958,17959,17961],{},[15,17960,3843],{}," (set)",[20,17963,17964,17965,236],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1301,17966,17967],{},"same object",[1470,17969,17971],{"id":17970},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[59,17973,17975],{"className":61,"code":17974,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17976,17977,18009,18030,18034,18056,18060],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,17978,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,17980,17274],{"class":106},[68,17982,111],{"class":110},[68,17984,725],{"class":78},[68,17986,344],{"class":114},[68,17988,49],{"class":118},[68,17990,344],{"class":114},[68,17992,472],{"class":78},[68,17994,115],{"class":114},[68,17996,4806],{"class":118},[68,17998,344],{"class":114},[68,18000,472],{"class":78},[68,18002,115],{"class":114},[68,18004,9769],{"class":118},[68,18006,344],{"class":114},[68,18008,730],{"class":78},[68,18010,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18012,9197],{"class":106},[68,18014,111],{"class":110},[68,18016,1183],{"class":74},[68,18018,236],{"class":78},[68,18020,17315],{"class":138},[68,18022,79],{"class":78},[68,18024,16956],{"class":138},[68,18026,472],{"class":78},[68,18028,18029],{"class":78}," [])\n",[68,18031,18032],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18033,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,18035,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,18037,9234],{"class":106},[68,18039,795],{"class":78},[68,18041,344],{"class":114},[68,18043,49],{"class":118},[68,18045,344],{"class":114},[68,18047,13582],{"class":78},[68,18049,13585],{"class":138},[68,18051,79],{"class":78},[68,18053,469],{"class":160},[68,18055,85],{"class":78},[68,18057,18058],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,18059,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,18061,18062,18064,18066,18068],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,18063,129],{"class":128},[68,18065,79],{"class":78},[68,18067,9234],{"class":138},[68,18069,85],{"class":78},[20,18071,180],{},[59,18073,18075],{"className":61,"code":18074,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18076,18077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18078,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18080,9308],{"class":78},[68,18082,203],{"class":114},[68,18084,49],{"class":118},[68,18086,203],{"class":114},[68,18088,503],{"class":78},[68,18090,725],{"class":78},[68,18092,469],{"class":160},[68,18094,18095],{"class":78},"],",[68,18097,197],{"class":114},[68,18099,4806],{"class":118},[68,18101,203],{"class":114},[68,18103,503],{"class":78},[68,18105,725],{"class":78},[68,18107,469],{"class":160},[68,18109,18095],{"class":78},[68,18111,197],{"class":114},[68,18113,9769],{"class":118},[68,18115,203],{"class":114},[68,18117,503],{"class":78},[68,18119,725],{"class":78},[68,18121,469],{"class":160},[68,18123,13738],{"class":78},[20,18125,18126,18127,18130],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18128,18129],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1470,18132,18134],{"id":18133},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18136,18137,18140],{},[15,18138,18139],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18142,18143],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18145,18146],{},"So this:",[59,18148,18150],{"className":61,"code":18149,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18151,18152],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18153,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18155,9234],{"class":106},[68,18157,795],{"class":78},[68,18159,344],{"class":114},[68,18161,49],{"class":118},[68,18163,344],{"class":114},[68,18165,13582],{"class":78},[68,18167,13585],{"class":138},[68,18169,79],{"class":78},[68,18171,469],{"class":160},[68,18173,85],{"class":78},[20,18175,18176,18177,236],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18178,18129],{},[1470,18180,18182],{"id":18181},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18184,18185],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[59,18187,18189],{"className":61,"code":18188,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18190,18191,18223,18250,18254,18276,18280],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18192,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18194,17274],{"class":106},[68,18196,111],{"class":110},[68,18198,725],{"class":78},[68,18200,344],{"class":114},[68,18202,49],{"class":118},[68,18204,344],{"class":114},[68,18206,472],{"class":78},[68,18208,115],{"class":114},[68,18210,4806],{"class":118},[68,18212,344],{"class":114},[68,18214,472],{"class":78},[68,18216,115],{"class":114},[68,18218,9769],{"class":118},[68,18220,344],{"class":114},[68,18222,730],{"class":78},[68,18224,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18238,18240,18243,18245,18248],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18226,9197],{"class":106},[68,18228,111],{"class":110},[68,18230,1221],{"class":78},[68,18232,14873],{"class":106},[68,18234,503],{"class":78},[68,18236,18237],{"class":78}," []",[68,18239,3921],{"class":1098},[68,18241,18242],{"class":106}," key ",[68,18244,3927],{"class":1098},[68,18246,18247],{"class":106}," keys",[68,18249,9338],{"class":78},[68,18251,18252],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18253,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,18255,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,18257,9234],{"class":106},[68,18259,795],{"class":78},[68,18261,344],{"class":114},[68,18263,49],{"class":118},[68,18265,344],{"class":114},[68,18267,13582],{"class":78},[68,18269,13585],{"class":138},[68,18271,79],{"class":78},[68,18273,469],{"class":160},[68,18275,85],{"class":78},[68,18277,18278],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,18279,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,18281,18282,18284,18286,18288],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,18283,129],{"class":128},[68,18285,79],{"class":78},[68,18287,9234],{"class":138},[68,18289,85],{"class":78},[20,18291,180],{},[59,18293,18295],{"className":61,"code":18294,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18296,18297],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18298,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18300,9308],{"class":78},[68,18302,203],{"class":114},[68,18304,49],{"class":118},[68,18306,203],{"class":114},[68,18308,503],{"class":78},[68,18310,725],{"class":78},[68,18312,469],{"class":160},[68,18314,18095],{"class":78},[68,18316,197],{"class":114},[68,18318,4806],{"class":118},[68,18320,203],{"class":114},[68,18322,503],{"class":78},[68,18324,18325],{"class":78}," [],",[68,18327,197],{"class":114},[68,18329,9769],{"class":118},[68,18331,203],{"class":114},[68,18333,503],{"class":78},[68,18335,18336],{"class":78}," []}\n",[20,18338,18339],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18341,18342],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[93,18344,1311,18346],{"id":18345},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18347,17250],{},[20,18349,18350,18352],{},[15,18351,17255],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,18354,18355,18358,18361],{},[36,18356,18357],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,18359,18360],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,18362,18363],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18365,2198],{},[59,18367,18369],{"className":61,"code":18368,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18370,18371,18416],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18372,18373,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18408,18410,18412,18414],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18374,18375],{"class":106},"flags ",[68,18377,111],{"class":110},[68,18379,1183],{"class":74},[68,18381,236],{"class":78},[68,18383,17315],{"class":138},[68,18385,466],{"class":78},[68,18387,344],{"class":114},[68,18389,18390],{"class":118},"is_admin",[68,18392,344],{"class":114},[68,18394,472],{"class":78},[68,18396,115],{"class":114},[68,18398,15110],{"class":118},[68,18400,344],{"class":114},[68,18402,472],{"class":78},[68,18404,115],{"class":114},[68,18406,18407],{"class":118},"is_verified",[68,18409,344],{"class":114},[68,18411,18095],{"class":78},[68,18413,3951],{"class":526},[68,18415,85],{"class":78},[68,18417,18418,18420,18422,18425],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18419,129],{"class":128},[68,18421,79],{"class":78},[68,18423,18424],{"class":138},"flags",[68,18426,85],{"class":78},[59,18428,18430],{"className":61,"code":18429,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18431,18432,18477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18433,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18451,18453,18455,18457,18460,18462,18464,18466,18469,18471,18473,18475],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18435,5108],{"class":106},[68,18437,111],{"class":110},[68,18439,1183],{"class":74},[68,18441,236],{"class":78},[68,18443,17315],{"class":138},[68,18445,466],{"class":78},[68,18447,344],{"class":114},[68,18449,18450],{"class":118},"math",[68,18452,344],{"class":114},[68,18454,472],{"class":78},[68,18456,115],{"class":114},[68,18458,18459],{"class":118},"science",[68,18461,344],{"class":114},[68,18463,472],{"class":78},[68,18465,115],{"class":114},[68,18467,18468],{"class":118},"history",[68,18470,344],{"class":114},[68,18472,18095],{"class":78},[68,18474,3880],{"class":160},[68,18476,85],{"class":78},[68,18478,18479,18481,18483,18485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18480,129],{"class":128},[68,18482,79],{"class":78},[68,18484,16421],{"class":138},[68,18486,85],{"class":78},[20,18488,18489,18490,18492],{},"It is ",[1301,18491,1303],{}," the best choice when:",[33,18494,18495,18498],{},[36,18496,18497],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,18499,18500],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[93,18502,18504,18506],{"id":18503},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18505,17250],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18508,18509,18511],{},[15,18510,17250],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1470,18513,633,18515],{"id":18514},"using-fromkeys",[15,18516,17250],{},[59,18518,18520],{"className":61,"code":18519,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18521,18522,18567],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18523,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18541,18543,18545,18547,18550,18552,18554,18556,18559,18561,18563,18565],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18525,13858],{"class":106},[68,18527,111],{"class":110},[68,18529,1183],{"class":74},[68,18531,236],{"class":78},[68,18533,17315],{"class":138},[68,18535,466],{"class":78},[68,18537,344],{"class":114},[68,18539,18540],{"class":118},"sound",[68,18542,344],{"class":114},[68,18544,472],{"class":78},[68,18546,115],{"class":114},[68,18548,18549],{"class":118},"music",[68,18551,344],{"class":114},[68,18553,472],{"class":78},[68,18555,115],{"class":114},[68,18557,18558],{"class":118},"notifications",[68,18560,344],{"class":114},[68,18562,18095],{"class":78},[68,18564,3960],{"class":526},[68,18566,85],{"class":78},[68,18568,18569,18571,18573,18575],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18570,129],{"class":128},[68,18572,79],{"class":78},[68,18574,13917],{"class":138},[68,18576,85],{"class":78},[1470,18578,18580],{"id":18579},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[59,18582,18584],{"className":61,"code":18583,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18585,18586,18594,18608,18622,18634,18638],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18587,18588,18590,18592],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18589,13858],{"class":106},[68,18591,111],{"class":110},[68,18593,11524],{"class":78},[68,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18597,11529],{"class":114},[68,18599,18540],{"class":118},[68,18601,344],{"class":114},[68,18603,503],{"class":78},[68,18605,3960],{"class":526},[68,18607,11545],{"class":78},[68,18609,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18611,11529],{"class":114},[68,18613,18549],{"class":118},[68,18615,344],{"class":114},[68,18617,503],{"class":78},[68,18619,3951],{"class":526},[68,18621,11545],{"class":78},[68,18623,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,18625,11529],{"class":114},[68,18627,18558],{"class":118},[68,18629,344],{"class":114},[68,18631,503],{"class":78},[68,18633,6462],{"class":526},[68,18635,18636],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,18637,9338],{"class":78},[68,18639,18640,18642,18644,18646],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,18641,129],{"class":128},[68,18643,79],{"class":78},[68,18645,13917],{"class":138},[68,18647,85],{"class":78},[20,18649,18650],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1470,18652,18654],{"id":18653},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[59,18656,18658],{"className":61,"code":18657,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18659,18660,18692,18716],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18661,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18663,17274],{"class":106},[68,18665,111],{"class":110},[68,18667,725],{"class":78},[68,18669,344],{"class":114},[68,18671,49],{"class":118},[68,18673,344],{"class":114},[68,18675,472],{"class":78},[68,18677,115],{"class":114},[68,18679,4806],{"class":118},[68,18681,344],{"class":114},[68,18683,472],{"class":78},[68,18685,115],{"class":114},[68,18687,9769],{"class":118},[68,18689,344],{"class":114},[68,18691,730],{"class":78},[68,18693,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18695,9197],{"class":106},[68,18697,111],{"class":110},[68,18699,1221],{"class":78},[68,18701,14873],{"class":106},[68,18703,503],{"class":78},[68,18705,18237],{"class":78},[68,18707,3921],{"class":1098},[68,18709,18242],{"class":106},[68,18711,3927],{"class":1098},[68,18713,18247],{"class":106},[68,18715,9338],{"class":78},[68,18717,18718,18720,18722,18724],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18719,129],{"class":128},[68,18721,79],{"class":78},[68,18723,9234],{"class":138},[68,18725,85],{"class":78},[20,18727,18728],{},"Use:",[33,18730,18731,18736,18739],{},[36,18732,18733,18735],{},[15,18734,17250],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,18737,18738],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,18740,18741],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18743,18744,18745,236],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[49,18746,10766,18747,10770],{"href":14065},[15,18748,14985],{},[93,18750,1750],{"id":1749},[20,18752,1753,18753,236],{},[15,18754,17255],{},[1470,18756,18758],{"id":18757},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[59,18760,18762],{"className":61,"code":18761,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18763,18764,18797,18820],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18765,18766,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18767,18768],{"class":106},"d ",[68,18770,111],{"class":110},[68,18772,1183],{"class":74},[68,18774,236],{"class":78},[68,18776,17315],{"class":138},[68,18778,466],{"class":78},[68,18780,344],{"class":114},[68,18782,49],{"class":118},[68,18784,344],{"class":114},[68,18786,472],{"class":78},[68,18788,115],{"class":114},[68,18790,4806],{"class":118},[68,18792,344],{"class":114},[68,18794,18095],{"class":78},[68,18796,18029],{"class":78},[68,18798,18799,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18800,18801],{"class":106},"d",[68,18803,795],{"class":78},[68,18805,344],{"class":114},[68,18807,49],{"class":118},[68,18809,344],{"class":114},[68,18811,13582],{"class":78},[68,18813,13585],{"class":138},[68,18815,79],{"class":78},[68,18817,469],{"class":160},[68,18819,85],{"class":78},[68,18821,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18823,129],{"class":128},[68,18825,79],{"class":78},[68,18827,18801],{"class":138},[68,18829,85],{"class":78},[20,18831,180],{},[59,18833,18835],{"className":61,"code":18834,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18836,18837],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18838,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18840,9308],{"class":78},[68,18842,203],{"class":114},[68,18844,49],{"class":118},[68,18846,203],{"class":114},[68,18848,503],{"class":78},[68,18850,725],{"class":78},[68,18852,469],{"class":160},[68,18854,18095],{"class":78},[68,18856,197],{"class":114},[68,18858,4806],{"class":118},[68,18860,203],{"class":114},[68,18862,503],{"class":78},[68,18864,725],{"class":78},[68,18866,469],{"class":160},[68,18868,13738],{"class":78},[20,18870,18871],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18873,18874],{},"Use this instead:",[59,18876,18878],{"className":61,"code":18877,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18879,18880,18904,18928],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18881,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18883,17274],{"class":106},[68,18885,111],{"class":110},[68,18887,725],{"class":78},[68,18889,344],{"class":114},[68,18891,49],{"class":118},[68,18893,344],{"class":114},[68,18895,472],{"class":78},[68,18897,115],{"class":114},[68,18899,4806],{"class":118},[68,18901,344],{"class":114},[68,18903,730],{"class":78},[68,18905,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18907,18768],{"class":106},[68,18909,111],{"class":110},[68,18911,1221],{"class":78},[68,18913,14873],{"class":106},[68,18915,503],{"class":78},[68,18917,18237],{"class":78},[68,18919,3921],{"class":1098},[68,18921,18242],{"class":106},[68,18923,3927],{"class":1098},[68,18925,18247],{"class":106},[68,18927,9338],{"class":78},[68,18929,18930,18932,18934,18936],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,18931,129],{"class":128},[68,18933,79],{"class":78},[68,18935,18801],{"class":138},[68,18937,85],{"class":78},[1470,18939,18941,18942,18944],{"id":18940},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18943,17250],{}," on a list",[20,18946,18947],{},"Wrong idea:",[59,18949,18951],{"className":61,"code":18950,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18952,18953,18985],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,18954,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,18956,17274],{"class":106},[68,18958,111],{"class":110},[68,18960,725],{"class":78},[68,18962,344],{"class":114},[68,18964,49],{"class":118},[68,18966,344],{"class":114},[68,18968,472],{"class":78},[68,18970,115],{"class":114},[68,18972,4806],{"class":118},[68,18974,344],{"class":114},[68,18976,472],{"class":78},[68,18978,115],{"class":114},[68,18980,9769],{"class":118},[68,18982,344],{"class":114},[68,18984,730],{"class":78},[68,18986,18987],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,18988,18989],{"class":3708},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18991,18992,18994,18995,18997,18998,236],{},[15,18993,17250],{}," belongs to ",[15,18996,280],{},", not ",[15,18999,274],{},[20,19001,19002],{},"Correct usage:",[59,19004,19006],{"className":61,"code":19005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19007,19008,19040,19062],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19011,17274],{"class":106},[68,19013,111],{"class":110},[68,19015,725],{"class":78},[68,19017,344],{"class":114},[68,19019,49],{"class":118},[68,19021,344],{"class":114},[68,19023,472],{"class":78},[68,19025,115],{"class":114},[68,19027,4806],{"class":118},[68,19029,344],{"class":114},[68,19031,472],{"class":78},[68,19033,115],{"class":114},[68,19035,9769],{"class":118},[68,19037,344],{"class":114},[68,19039,730],{"class":78},[68,19041,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19043,18768],{"class":106},[68,19045,111],{"class":110},[68,19047,1183],{"class":74},[68,19049,236],{"class":78},[68,19051,17315],{"class":138},[68,19053,79],{"class":78},[68,19055,16956],{"class":138},[68,19057,472],{"class":78},[68,19059,3880],{"class":160},[68,19061,85],{"class":78},[68,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,19065,129],{"class":128},[68,19067,79],{"class":78},[68,19069,18801],{"class":138},[68,19071,85],{"class":78},[1470,19073,1770,19075,19077],{"id":19074},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19076,17250],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19079,19080,19082],{},[15,19081,17255],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[59,19084,19086],{"className":61,"code":19085,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19087,19088,19108,19142,19146,19156],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19089,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19091,12118],{"class":106},[68,19093,111],{"class":110},[68,19095,1221],{"class":78},[68,19097,344],{"class":114},[68,19099,2245],{"class":118},[68,19101,344],{"class":114},[68,19103,503],{"class":78},[68,19105,5539],{"class":160},[68,19107,9338],{"class":78},[68,19109,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19111,13070],{"class":106},[68,19113,111],{"class":110},[68,19115,1183],{"class":74},[68,19117,236],{"class":78},[68,19119,17315],{"class":138},[68,19121,466],{"class":78},[68,19123,344],{"class":114},[68,19125,49],{"class":118},[68,19127,344],{"class":114},[68,19129,472],{"class":78},[68,19131,115],{"class":114},[68,19133,4806],{"class":118},[68,19135,344],{"class":114},[68,19137,18095],{"class":78},[68,19139,3880],{"class":160},[68,19141,85],{"class":78},[68,19143,19144],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,19145,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,19147,19148,19150,19152,19154],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,19149,129],{"class":128},[68,19151,79],{"class":78},[68,19153,12165],{"class":138},[68,19155,85],{"class":78},[68,19157,19158,19160,19162,19165],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,19159,129],{"class":128},[68,19161,79],{"class":78},[68,19163,19164],{"class":138},"new_dict",[68,19166,85],{"class":78},[20,19168,180],{},[59,19170,19172],{"className":61,"code":19171,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19173,19174,19190],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19177,9308],{"class":78},[68,19179,203],{"class":114},[68,19181,2245],{"class":118},[68,19183,203],{"class":114},[68,19185,503],{"class":78},[68,19187,5539],{"class":160},[68,19189,9338],{"class":78},[68,19191,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19193,9308],{"class":78},[68,19195,203],{"class":114},[68,19197,49],{"class":118},[68,19199,203],{"class":114},[68,19201,503],{"class":78},[68,19203,3880],{"class":160},[68,19205,472],{"class":78},[68,19207,197],{"class":114},[68,19209,4806],{"class":118},[68,19211,203],{"class":114},[68,19213,503],{"class":78},[68,19215,3880],{"class":160},[68,19217,9338],{"class":78},[20,19219,19220,19221,236],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[49,19222,10766,19223,10770],{"href":14065},[15,19224,14985],{},[1470,19226,19228,19229],{"id":19227},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19230,3824],{},[59,19232,19234],{"className":61,"code":19233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19235,19236,19266],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19237,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19239,18768],{"class":106},[68,19241,111],{"class":110},[68,19243,1183],{"class":74},[68,19245,236],{"class":78},[68,19247,17315],{"class":138},[68,19249,466],{"class":78},[68,19251,344],{"class":114},[68,19253,2245],{"class":118},[68,19255,344],{"class":114},[68,19257,472],{"class":78},[68,19259,115],{"class":114},[68,19261,11777],{"class":118},[68,19263,344],{"class":114},[68,19265,3933],{"class":78},[68,19267,19268,19270,19272,19274],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19269,129],{"class":128},[68,19271,79],{"class":78},[68,19273,18801],{"class":138},[68,19275,85],{"class":78},[20,19277,180],{},[59,19279,19281],{"className":61,"code":19280,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19282,19283],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19284,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19286,9308],{"class":78},[68,19288,203],{"class":114},[68,19290,2245],{"class":118},[68,19292,203],{"class":114},[68,19294,503],{"class":78},[68,19296,3898],{"class":526},[68,19298,472],{"class":78},[68,19300,197],{"class":114},[68,19302,11777],{"class":118},[68,19304,203],{"class":114},[68,19306,503],{"class":78},[68,19308,3898],{"class":526},[68,19310,9338],{"class":78},[20,19312,19313,19314,236],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19315,3824],{},[93,19317,19319],{"id":19318},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19321,19322,19323,19325],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19324,17250],{}," works.",[59,19327,19329],{"className":61,"code":19328,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19330,19331],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19332,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19334,129],{"class":128},[68,19336,79],{"class":78},[68,19338,280],{"class":74},[68,19340,236],{"class":78},[68,19342,17315],{"class":138},[68,19344,466],{"class":78},[68,19346,344],{"class":114},[68,19348,49],{"class":118},[68,19350,344],{"class":114},[68,19352,472],{"class":78},[68,19354,115],{"class":114},[68,19356,4806],{"class":118},[68,19358,344],{"class":114},[68,19360,18095],{"class":78},[68,19362,3880],{"class":160},[68,19364,142],{"class":78},[59,19366,19367],{"className":61,"code":19233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,19368,19369,19399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19372,18768],{"class":106},[68,19374,111],{"class":110},[68,19376,1183],{"class":74},[68,19378,236],{"class":78},[68,19380,17315],{"class":138},[68,19382,466],{"class":78},[68,19384,344],{"class":114},[68,19386,2245],{"class":118},[68,19388,344],{"class":114},[68,19390,472],{"class":78},[68,19392,115],{"class":114},[68,19394,11777],{"class":118},[68,19396,344],{"class":114},[68,19398,3933],{"class":78},[68,19400,19401,19403,19405,19407],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19402,129],{"class":128},[68,19404,79],{"class":78},[68,19406,18801],{"class":138},[68,19408,85],{"class":78},[59,19410,19411],{"className":61,"code":18761,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,19412,19413,19445,19467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19416,18768],{"class":106},[68,19418,111],{"class":110},[68,19420,1183],{"class":74},[68,19422,236],{"class":78},[68,19424,17315],{"class":138},[68,19426,466],{"class":78},[68,19428,344],{"class":114},[68,19430,49],{"class":118},[68,19432,344],{"class":114},[68,19434,472],{"class":78},[68,19436,115],{"class":114},[68,19438,4806],{"class":118},[68,19440,344],{"class":114},[68,19442,18095],{"class":78},[68,19444,18029],{"class":78},[68,19446,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19448,18801],{"class":106},[68,19450,795],{"class":78},[68,19452,344],{"class":114},[68,19454,49],{"class":118},[68,19456,344],{"class":114},[68,19458,13582],{"class":78},[68,19460,13585],{"class":138},[68,19462,79],{"class":78},[68,19464,469],{"class":160},[68,19466,85],{"class":78},[68,19468,19469,19471,19473,19475],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,19470,129],{"class":128},[68,19472,79],{"class":78},[68,19474,18801],{"class":138},[68,19476,85],{"class":78},[59,19478,19480],{"className":61,"code":19479,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19481,19482],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19485,129],{"class":128},[68,19487,79],{"class":78},[68,19489,75],{"class":74},[68,19491,79],{"class":78},[68,19493,280],{"class":74},[68,19495,236],{"class":78},[68,19497,17315],{"class":138},[68,19499,466],{"class":78},[68,19501,469],{"class":160},[68,19503,472],{"class":78},[68,19505,475],{"class":160},[68,19507,472],{"class":78},[68,19509,480],{"class":160},[68,19511,18095],{"class":78},[68,19513,115],{"class":114},[68,19515,665],{"class":118},[68,19517,344],{"class":114},[68,19519,2970],{"class":78},[93,19521,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,19523,12736,19525,19527],{"id":19524},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19526,17250],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19529,19530],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1470,19532,19534],{"id":19533},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19536,19537,19538,236],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19539,3824],{},[1470,19541,19543],{"id":19542},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19545,19546],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1470,19548,19550],{"id":19549},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19552,18185],{},[59,19554,19556],{"className":61,"code":19555,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19557,19558,19590],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19559,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19561,17274],{"class":106},[68,19563,111],{"class":110},[68,19565,725],{"class":78},[68,19567,344],{"class":114},[68,19569,49],{"class":118},[68,19571,344],{"class":114},[68,19573,472],{"class":78},[68,19575,115],{"class":114},[68,19577,4806],{"class":118},[68,19579,344],{"class":114},[68,19581,472],{"class":78},[68,19583,115],{"class":114},[68,19585,9769],{"class":118},[68,19587,344],{"class":114},[68,19589,730],{"class":78},[68,19591,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19593,9197],{"class":106},[68,19595,111],{"class":110},[68,19597,1221],{"class":78},[68,19599,14873],{"class":106},[68,19601,503],{"class":78},[68,19603,18237],{"class":78},[68,19605,3921],{"class":1098},[68,19607,18242],{"class":106},[68,19609,3927],{"class":1098},[68,19611,18247],{"class":106},[68,19613,9338],{"class":78},[93,19615,1952],{"id":1951},[33,19617,19618,19622,19626,19630,19636],{},[36,19619,19620],{},[49,19621,11272],{"href":13058},[36,19623,19624],{},[49,19625,9187],{"href":13055},[36,19627,19628],{},[49,19629,11281],{"href":17936},[36,19631,19632],{},[49,19633,10766,19634,10770],{"href":14065},[15,19635,14985],{},[36,19637,19638],{},[49,19639,10766,19640,10770],{"href":15030},[15,19641,12809],{},[20,19643,224,19644,19646],{},[15,19645,17255],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1995,19648,19649],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":19651},[19652,19653,19655,19659,19660,19662,19667,19669,19676,19685,19686,19693],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":17355,"depth":125,"text":19654},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17399,"depth":125,"text":17400,"children":19656},[19657,19658],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":17450,"depth":145,"text":17451},{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":17611,"depth":125,"text":19661},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17940,"depth":125,"text":17941,"children":19663},[19664,19665,19666],{"id":17970,"depth":145,"text":17971},{"id":18133,"depth":145,"text":18134},{"id":18181,"depth":145,"text":18182},{"id":18345,"depth":125,"text":19668},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18503,"depth":125,"text":19670,"children":19671},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19672,19674,19675],{"id":18514,"depth":145,"text":19673},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18579,"depth":145,"text":18580},{"id":18653,"depth":145,"text":18654},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":19677},[19678,19679,19681,19683],{"id":18757,"depth":145,"text":18758},{"id":18940,"depth":145,"text":19680},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19074,"depth":145,"text":19682},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19227,"depth":145,"text":19684},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19318,"depth":125,"text":19319},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":19687},[19688,19690,19691,19692],{"id":19524,"depth":145,"text":19689},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19533,"depth":145,"text":19534},{"id":19542,"depth":145,"text":19543},{"id":19549,"depth":145,"text":19550},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17242,"description":19694},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19701,"title":19702,"body":19703,"description":21533,"extension":2033,"meta":21534,"navigation":148,"path":21535,"seo":21536,"stem":21537,"__hash__":21538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19704,"toc":21500},[19705,19710,19716,19727,19857,19864,19869,19873,19889,19891,19989,19992,20009,20013,20015,20020,20058,20061,20079,20081,20199,20204,20208,20224,20227,20363,20366,20371,20377,20380,20417,20420,20424,20429,20505,20509,20514,20596,20598,20614,20619,20623,20629,20698,20701,20718,20721,20803,20809,20812,20832,20836,20841,20847,20853,20924,20927,20933,20936,21010,21017,21023,21031,21041,21043,21138,21144,21149,21236,21242,21244,21249,21271,21274,21369,21372,21403,21416,21418,21426,21432,21438,21441,21447,21452,21459,21464,21466,21497],[10,19706,11348,19708,11352],{"id":19707},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19709,10769],{},[20,19711,19712,19713,19715],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19714,10769],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19717,19718,19719,1448,19722,1541,19724,19726],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19720,19721],{},"KeyError",[15,19723,10769],{},[15,19725,3824],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[59,19728,19730],{"className":61,"code":19729,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19731,19732,19768,19772,19798,19823],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19733,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19735,13237],{"class":106},[68,19737,111],{"class":110},[68,19739,1221],{"class":78},[68,19741,344],{"class":114},[68,19743,139],{"class":118},[68,19745,344],{"class":114},[68,19747,503],{"class":78},[68,19749,115],{"class":114},[68,19751,12913],{"class":118},[68,19753,344],{"class":114},[68,19755,472],{"class":78},[68,19757,115],{"class":114},[68,19759,395],{"class":118},[68,19761,344],{"class":114},[68,19763,503],{"class":78},[68,19765,9335],{"class":160},[68,19767,9338],{"class":78},[68,19769,19770],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19771,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,19773,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,19775,129],{"class":128},[68,19777,79],{"class":78},[68,19779,17339],{"class":138},[68,19781,236],{"class":78},[68,19783,19784],{"class":138},"get",[68,19786,79],{"class":78},[68,19788,344],{"class":114},[68,19790,139],{"class":118},[68,19792,344],{"class":114},[68,19794,1636],{"class":78},[68,19796,19797],{"class":3708},"           # Ana\n",[68,19799,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,19801,129],{"class":128},[68,19803,79],{"class":78},[68,19805,17339],{"class":138},[68,19807,236],{"class":78},[68,19809,19784],{"class":138},[68,19811,79],{"class":78},[68,19813,344],{"class":114},[68,19815,10439],{"class":118},[68,19817,344],{"class":114},[68,19819,1636],{"class":78},[68,19821,19822],{"class":3708},"           # None\n",[68,19824,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19850,19852,19854],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,19826,129],{"class":128},[68,19828,79],{"class":78},[68,19830,17339],{"class":138},[68,19832,236],{"class":78},[68,19834,19784],{"class":138},[68,19836,79],{"class":78},[68,19838,344],{"class":114},[68,19840,10439],{"class":118},[68,19842,344],{"class":114},[68,19844,472],{"class":78},[68,19846,115],{"class":114},[68,19848,19849],{"class":118},"N\u002FA",[68,19851,344],{"class":114},[68,19853,1636],{"class":78},[68,19855,19856],{"class":3708},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19858,224,19859,19861,19862,236],{},[15,19860,10769],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19863,19721],{},[93,19865,3722,19867,3725],{"id":19866},"what-get-does",[15,19868,10769],{},[20,19870,2050,19871,11443],{},[15,19872,10769],{},[33,19874,19875,19878,19883,19886],{},[36,19876,19877],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,19879,11454,19880,19882],{},[15,19881,3824],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,19884,19885],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,19887,19888],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19890,326],{},[59,19892,19894],{"className":61,"code":19893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19895,19896,19935,19939,19964],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,19897,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19917,19919,19921,19923,19926,19928,19930,19933],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,19899,12896],{"class":106},[68,19901,111],{"class":110},[68,19903,1221],{"class":78},[68,19905,344],{"class":114},[68,19907,139],{"class":118},[68,19909,344],{"class":114},[68,19911,503],{"class":78},[68,19913,115],{"class":114},[68,19915,19916],{"class":118},"Lina",[68,19918,344],{"class":114},[68,19920,472],{"class":78},[68,19922,115],{"class":114},[68,19924,19925],{"class":118},"grade",[68,19927,344],{"class":114},[68,19929,503],{"class":78},[68,19931,19932],{"class":160}," 90",[68,19934,9338],{"class":78},[68,19936,19937],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,19938,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,19940,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,19942,129],{"class":128},[68,19944,79],{"class":78},[68,19946,13658],{"class":138},[68,19948,236],{"class":78},[68,19950,19784],{"class":138},[68,19952,79],{"class":78},[68,19954,344],{"class":114},[68,19956,139],{"class":118},[68,19958,344],{"class":114},[68,19960,1636],{"class":78},[68,19962,19963],{"class":3708},"     # Lina\n",[68,19965,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,19967,129],{"class":128},[68,19969,79],{"class":78},[68,19971,13658],{"class":138},[68,19973,236],{"class":78},[68,19975,19784],{"class":138},[68,19977,79],{"class":78},[68,19979,344],{"class":114},[68,19981,15290],{"class":118},[68,19983,344],{"class":114},[68,19985,1636],{"class":78},[68,19987,19988],{"class":3708},"    # None\n",[20,19990,19991],{},"In this example:",[33,19993,19994,19999],{},[36,19995,19996,19998],{},[15,19997,15271],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,20000,20001,20004,20005,1541,20007],{},[15,20002,20003],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20006,10769],{},[15,20008,3824],{},[20,20010,13052,20011,236],{},[49,20012,9187],{"href":9186},[93,20014,303],{"id":302},[20,20016,20017,20018,503],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20019,10769],{},[59,20021,20023],{"className":61,"code":20022,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20024,20025,20039],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20026,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20028,15636],{"class":106},[68,20030,236],{"class":78},[68,20032,19784],{"class":138},[68,20034,79],{"class":78},[68,20036,14873],{"class":138},[68,20038,85],{"class":78},[68,20040,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20056],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20042,15636],{"class":106},[68,20044,236],{"class":78},[68,20046,19784],{"class":138},[68,20048,79],{"class":78},[68,20050,14873],{"class":138},[68,20052,472],{"class":78},[68,20054,20055],{"class":138}," default_value",[68,20057,85],{"class":78},[20,20059,20060],{},"What each part means:",[33,20062,20063,20068,20074],{},[36,20064,20065,20067],{},[15,20066,14873],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,20069,20070,20073],{},[15,20071,20072],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,20075,20076,20077],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20078,3824],{},[20,20080,326],{},[59,20082,20084],{"className":61,"code":20083,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20085,20086,20110,20114,20139,20165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20087,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20089,13858],{"class":106},[68,20091,111],{"class":110},[68,20093,1221],{"class":78},[68,20095,344],{"class":114},[68,20097,12526],{"class":118},[68,20099,344],{"class":114},[68,20101,503],{"class":78},[68,20103,115],{"class":114},[68,20105,12535],{"class":118},[68,20107,344],{"class":114},[68,20109,9338],{"class":78},[68,20111,20112],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20113,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20115,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20117,129],{"class":128},[68,20119,79],{"class":78},[68,20121,13917],{"class":138},[68,20123,236],{"class":78},[68,20125,19784],{"class":138},[68,20127,79],{"class":78},[68,20129,344],{"class":114},[68,20131,12526],{"class":118},[68,20133,344],{"class":114},[68,20135,1636],{"class":78},[68,20137,20138],{"class":3708},"            # dark\n",[68,20140,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20158,20160,20162],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20142,129],{"class":128},[68,20144,79],{"class":78},[68,20146,13917],{"class":138},[68,20148,236],{"class":78},[68,20150,19784],{"class":138},[68,20152,79],{"class":78},[68,20154,344],{"class":114},[68,20156,20157],{"class":118},"language",[68,20159,344],{"class":114},[68,20161,1636],{"class":78},[68,20163,20164],{"class":3708},"         # None\n",[68,20166,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20192,20194,20196],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,20168,129],{"class":128},[68,20170,79],{"class":78},[68,20172,13917],{"class":138},[68,20174,236],{"class":78},[68,20176,19784],{"class":138},[68,20178,79],{"class":78},[68,20180,344],{"class":114},[68,20182,20157],{"class":118},[68,20184,344],{"class":114},[68,20186,472],{"class":78},[68,20188,115],{"class":114},[68,20190,20191],{"class":118},"en",[68,20193,344],{"class":114},[68,20195,1636],{"class":78},[68,20197,20198],{"class":3708},"   # en\n",[93,20200,1311,20202],{"id":20201},"when-to-use-get",[15,20203,10769],{},[20,20205,224,20206,10630],{},[15,20207,10769],{},[33,20209,20210,20213,20218,20221],{},[36,20211,20212],{},"A key might not exist",[36,20214,20215,20216],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20217,19721],{},[36,20219,20220],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,20222,20223],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20225,20226],{},"Example with optional user data:",[59,20228,20230],{"className":61,"code":20229,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20231,20232,20274,20278,20303,20329],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20233,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20270,20272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20235,11519],{"class":106},[68,20237,111],{"class":110},[68,20239,1221],{"class":78},[68,20241,344],{"class":114},[68,20243,8023],{"class":118},[68,20245,344],{"class":114},[68,20247,503],{"class":78},[68,20249,115],{"class":114},[68,20251,20252],{"class":118},"sam",[68,20254,344],{"class":114},[68,20256,472],{"class":78},[68,20258,115],{"class":114},[68,20260,15290],{"class":118},[68,20262,344],{"class":114},[68,20264,503],{"class":78},[68,20266,115],{"class":114},[68,20268,20269],{"class":118},"sam@example.com",[68,20271,344],{"class":114},[68,20273,9338],{"class":78},[68,20275,20276],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20277,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20279,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20281,129],{"class":128},[68,20283,79],{"class":78},[68,20285,11613],{"class":138},[68,20287,236],{"class":78},[68,20289,19784],{"class":138},[68,20291,79],{"class":78},[68,20293,344],{"class":114},[68,20295,8023],{"class":118},[68,20297,344],{"class":114},[68,20299,1636],{"class":78},[68,20301,20302],{"class":3708},"              # sam\n",[68,20304,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20322,20324,20326],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20306,129],{"class":128},[68,20308,79],{"class":78},[68,20310,11613],{"class":138},[68,20312,236],{"class":78},[68,20314,19784],{"class":138},[68,20316,79],{"class":78},[68,20318,344],{"class":114},[68,20320,20321],{"class":118},"phone",[68,20323,344],{"class":114},[68,20325,1636],{"class":78},[68,20327,20328],{"class":3708},"                 # None\n",[68,20330,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20356,20358,20360],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,20332,129],{"class":128},[68,20334,79],{"class":78},[68,20336,11613],{"class":138},[68,20338,236],{"class":78},[68,20340,19784],{"class":138},[68,20342,79],{"class":78},[68,20344,344],{"class":114},[68,20346,20321],{"class":118},[68,20348,344],{"class":114},[68,20350,472],{"class":78},[68,20352,115],{"class":114},[68,20354,20355],{"class":118},"Not provided",[68,20357,344],{"class":114},[68,20359,1636],{"class":78},[68,20361,20362],{"class":3708}," # Not provided\n",[20,20364,20365],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20367,20368,20369,236],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[49,20370,16630],{"href":16629},[93,20372,20374,20376],{"id":20373},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20375,10769],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20378,20379],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[59,20381,20383],{"className":61,"code":20382,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20384,20385,20399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20386,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20388,9234],{"class":106},[68,20390,795],{"class":78},[68,20392,344],{"class":114},[68,20394,14873],{"class":118},[68,20396,344],{"class":114},[68,20398,730],{"class":78},[68,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20402,9234],{"class":106},[68,20404,236],{"class":78},[68,20406,19784],{"class":138},[68,20408,79],{"class":78},[68,20410,344],{"class":114},[68,20412,14873],{"class":118},[68,20414,344],{"class":114},[68,20416,85],{"class":78},[20,20418,20419],{},"The difference is important.",[1470,20421,20423],{"id":20422},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20425,20426,20427,236],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20428,19721],{},[59,20430,20432],{"className":61,"code":20431,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20433,20434,20458,20462,20484],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20435,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20437,9197],{"class":106},[68,20439,111],{"class":110},[68,20441,1221],{"class":78},[68,20443,344],{"class":114},[68,20445,139],{"class":118},[68,20447,344],{"class":114},[68,20449,503],{"class":78},[68,20451,115],{"class":114},[68,20453,12913],{"class":118},[68,20455,344],{"class":114},[68,20457,9338],{"class":78},[68,20459,20460],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20461,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20463,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20481],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20465,129],{"class":128},[68,20467,79],{"class":78},[68,20469,9234],{"class":138},[68,20471,795],{"class":78},[68,20473,344],{"class":114},[68,20475,139],{"class":118},[68,20477,344],{"class":114},[68,20479,20480],{"class":78},"])",[68,20482,20483],{"class":3708},"   # Ana\n",[68,20485,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20487,129],{"class":128},[68,20489,79],{"class":78},[68,20491,9234],{"class":138},[68,20493,795],{"class":78},[68,20495,344],{"class":114},[68,20497,10439],{"class":118},[68,20499,344],{"class":114},[68,20501,20480],{"class":78},[68,20503,20504],{"class":3708},"   # KeyError\n",[1470,20506,20507],{"id":19784},[15,20508,10769],{},[20,20510,20511,20513],{},[15,20512,10769],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[59,20515,20517],{"className":61,"code":20516,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20518,20519,20543,20547,20571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20520,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20522,9197],{"class":106},[68,20524,111],{"class":110},[68,20526,1221],{"class":78},[68,20528,344],{"class":114},[68,20530,139],{"class":118},[68,20532,344],{"class":114},[68,20534,503],{"class":78},[68,20536,115],{"class":114},[68,20538,12913],{"class":118},[68,20540,344],{"class":114},[68,20542,9338],{"class":78},[68,20544,20545],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20546,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20548,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20550,129],{"class":128},[68,20552,79],{"class":78},[68,20554,9234],{"class":138},[68,20556,236],{"class":78},[68,20558,19784],{"class":138},[68,20560,79],{"class":78},[68,20562,344],{"class":114},[68,20564,139],{"class":118},[68,20566,344],{"class":114},[68,20568,1636],{"class":78},[68,20570,20483],{"class":3708},[68,20572,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20574,129],{"class":128},[68,20576,79],{"class":78},[68,20578,9234],{"class":138},[68,20580,236],{"class":78},[68,20582,19784],{"class":138},[68,20584,79],{"class":78},[68,20586,344],{"class":114},[68,20588,10439],{"class":118},[68,20590,344],{"class":114},[68,20592,1636],{"class":78},[68,20594,20595],{"class":3708},"   # None\n",[20,20597,18728],{},[33,20599,20600,20606],{},[36,20601,20602,20603],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1301,20604,20605],{},"must exist",[36,20607,20608,20610,20611],{},[15,20609,10769],{}," when the key is ",[1301,20612,20613],{},"optional",[20,20615,20616,20617,236],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[49,20618,11292],{"href":11104},[93,20620,20622],{"id":20621},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20624,20625,20626,20628],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20627,10769],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[59,20630,20632],{"className":61,"code":20631,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20633,20634,20659,20663],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20635,20636,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20637,20638],{"class":106},"profile ",[68,20640,111],{"class":110},[68,20642,1221],{"class":78},[68,20644,344],{"class":114},[68,20646,139],{"class":118},[68,20648,344],{"class":114},[68,20650,503],{"class":78},[68,20652,115],{"class":114},[68,20654,7959],{"class":118},[68,20656,344],{"class":114},[68,20658,9338],{"class":78},[68,20660,20661],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20662,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20664,20665,20667,20669,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20691,20693,20695],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20666,129],{"class":128},[68,20668,79],{"class":78},[68,20670,20671],{"class":138},"profile",[68,20673,236],{"class":78},[68,20675,19784],{"class":138},[68,20677,79],{"class":78},[68,20679,344],{"class":114},[68,20681,15293],{"class":118},[68,20683,344],{"class":114},[68,20685,472],{"class":78},[68,20687,115],{"class":114},[68,20689,20690],{"class":118},"Unknown",[68,20692,344],{"class":114},[68,20694,1636],{"class":78},[68,20696,20697],{"class":3708},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20699,20700],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,20702,20703,20708,20713],{},[36,20704,20705],{},[15,20706,20707],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,20709,20710],{},[15,20711,20712],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,20714,20715],{},[15,20716,20717],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20719,20720],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[59,20722,20724],{"className":61,"code":20723,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20725,20726,20758,20762,20789],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20727,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20729,5108],{"class":106},[68,20731,111],{"class":110},[68,20733,1221],{"class":78},[68,20735,344],{"class":114},[68,20737,18450],{"class":118},[68,20739,344],{"class":114},[68,20741,503],{"class":78},[68,20743,6045],{"class":160},[68,20745,472],{"class":78},[68,20747,115],{"class":114},[68,20749,18459],{"class":118},[68,20751,344],{"class":114},[68,20753,503],{"class":78},[68,20755,6401],{"class":160},[68,20757,9338],{"class":78},[68,20759,20760],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20761,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20763,20764,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20765,20766],{"class":106},"total_history ",[68,20768,111],{"class":110},[68,20770,5155],{"class":106},[68,20772,236],{"class":78},[68,20774,19784],{"class":138},[68,20776,79],{"class":78},[68,20778,344],{"class":114},[68,20780,18468],{"class":118},[68,20782,344],{"class":114},[68,20784,472],{"class":78},[68,20786,3880],{"class":160},[68,20788,85],{"class":78},[68,20790,20791,20793,20795,20798,20800],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20792,129],{"class":128},[68,20794,79],{"class":78},[68,20796,20797],{"class":138},"total_history",[68,20799,1701],{"class":78},[68,20801,20802],{"class":3708},"   # 0\n",[20,20804,20805,20806,20808],{},"Here, ",[15,20807,2192],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20810,20811],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,20813,20814,20817,20822,20827],{},[36,20815,20816],{},"Use a string for text",[36,20818,224,20819,20821],{},[15,20820,2192],{}," for numbers",[36,20823,224,20824,20826],{},[15,20825,3833],{}," for lists if needed",[36,20828,224,20829,20831],{},[15,20830,3838],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[93,20833,20835],{"id":20834},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20837,20838,20839,236],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20840,10769],{},[1470,20842,20844,20846],{"id":20843},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20845,10769],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20848,20849,20850,20852],{},"This code does ",[1301,20851,1303],{}," create a new key:",[59,20854,20856],{"className":61,"code":20855,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20857,20858,20882,20886,20911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20859,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20861,13237],{"class":106},[68,20863,111],{"class":110},[68,20865,1221],{"class":78},[68,20867,344],{"class":114},[68,20869,139],{"class":118},[68,20871,344],{"class":114},[68,20873,503],{"class":78},[68,20875,115],{"class":114},[68,20877,12913],{"class":118},[68,20879,344],{"class":114},[68,20881,9338],{"class":78},[68,20883,20884],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20885,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20887,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20889,129],{"class":128},[68,20891,79],{"class":78},[68,20893,17339],{"class":138},[68,20895,236],{"class":78},[68,20897,19784],{"class":138},[68,20899,79],{"class":78},[68,20901,344],{"class":114},[68,20903,10439],{"class":118},[68,20905,344],{"class":114},[68,20907,1636],{"class":78},[68,20909,20910],{"class":3708},"  # None\n",[68,20912,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,20914,129],{"class":128},[68,20916,79],{"class":78},[68,20918,17339],{"class":138},[68,20920,1701],{"class":78},[68,20922,20923],{"class":3708},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20925,20926],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1470,20928,20930,20932],{"id":20929},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20931,10769],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20934,20935],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[59,20937,20939],{"className":61,"code":20938,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20940,20941,20967,20971,20997],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,20942,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20954,20956,20958,20960,20963,20965],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,20944,13858],{"class":106},[68,20946,111],{"class":110},[68,20948,1221],{"class":78},[68,20950,344],{"class":114},[68,20952,20953],{"class":118},"mode",[68,20955,344],{"class":114},[68,20957,503],{"class":78},[68,20959,115],{"class":114},[68,20961,20962],{"class":118},"light",[68,20964,344],{"class":114},[68,20966,9338],{"class":78},[68,20968,20969],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,20970,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,20972,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,20974,13917],{"class":106},[68,20976,236],{"class":78},[68,20978,19784],{"class":138},[68,20980,79],{"class":78},[68,20982,344],{"class":114},[68,20984,12526],{"class":118},[68,20986,344],{"class":114},[68,20988,472],{"class":78},[68,20990,115],{"class":114},[68,20992,12535],{"class":118},[68,20994,344],{"class":114},[68,20996,85],{"class":78},[68,20998,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21000,129],{"class":128},[68,21002,79],{"class":78},[68,21004,13917],{"class":138},[68,21006,1701],{"class":78},[68,21008,21009],{"class":3708},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21011,21012,21013,21016],{},"Even though ",[15,21014,21015],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1470,21018,21020,21021],{"id":21019},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21022,3824],{},[20,21024,21025,21026,1541,21028,21030],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21027,10769],{},[15,21029,3824],{}," because:",[33,21032,21033,21036],{},[36,21034,21035],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,21037,21038,21039],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21040,3824],{},[20,21042,326],{},[59,21044,21046],{"className":61,"code":21045,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21047,21048,21085,21089,21113],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21049,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21077,21079,21081,21083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21051,9197],{"class":106},[68,21053,111],{"class":110},[68,21055,1221],{"class":78},[68,21057,344],{"class":114},[68,21059,139],{"class":118},[68,21061,344],{"class":114},[68,21063,503],{"class":78},[68,21065,115],{"class":114},[68,21067,12913],{"class":118},[68,21069,344],{"class":114},[68,21071,472],{"class":78},[68,21073,115],{"class":114},[68,21075,21076],{"class":118},"nickname",[68,21078,344],{"class":114},[68,21080,503],{"class":78},[68,21082,3898],{"class":526},[68,21084,9338],{"class":78},[68,21086,21087],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21088,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21090,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21092,129],{"class":128},[68,21094,79],{"class":78},[68,21096,9234],{"class":138},[68,21098,236],{"class":78},[68,21100,19784],{"class":138},[68,21102,79],{"class":78},[68,21104,344],{"class":114},[68,21106,21076],{"class":118},[68,21108,344],{"class":114},[68,21110,1636],{"class":78},[68,21112,20910],{"class":3708},[68,21114,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21116,129],{"class":128},[68,21118,79],{"class":78},[68,21120,9234],{"class":138},[68,21122,236],{"class":78},[68,21124,19784],{"class":138},[68,21126,79],{"class":78},[68,21128,344],{"class":114},[68,21130,10439],{"class":118},[68,21132,344],{"class":114},[68,21134,1636],{"class":78},[68,21136,21137],{"class":3708},"      # None\n",[20,21139,21140,21141,21143],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21142,3824],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21145,21146,21147,503],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21148,3927],{},[59,21150,21152],{"className":61,"code":21151,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21153,21154,21190,21194,21215],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21155,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21157,9197],{"class":106},[68,21159,111],{"class":110},[68,21161,1221],{"class":78},[68,21163,344],{"class":114},[68,21165,139],{"class":118},[68,21167,344],{"class":114},[68,21169,503],{"class":78},[68,21171,115],{"class":114},[68,21173,12913],{"class":118},[68,21175,344],{"class":114},[68,21177,472],{"class":78},[68,21179,115],{"class":114},[68,21181,21076],{"class":118},[68,21183,344],{"class":114},[68,21185,503],{"class":78},[68,21187,3898],{"class":526},[68,21189,9338],{"class":78},[68,21191,21192],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21193,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21195,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21209,21211,21213],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21197,129],{"class":128},[68,21199,79],{"class":78},[68,21201,344],{"class":114},[68,21203,21076],{"class":118},[68,21205,344],{"class":114},[68,21207,21208],{"class":1098}," in",[68,21210,14599],{"class":138},[68,21212,1701],{"class":78},[68,21214,3709],{"class":3708},[68,21216,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21218,129],{"class":128},[68,21220,79],{"class":78},[68,21222,344],{"class":114},[68,21224,10439],{"class":118},[68,21226,344],{"class":114},[68,21228,21208],{"class":1098},[68,21230,14599],{"class":138},[68,21232,1701],{"class":78},[68,21234,21235],{"class":3708},"      # False\n",[20,21237,21238,21239,236],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[49,21240,21241],{"href":17185},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[93,21243,1750],{"id":1749},[20,21245,21246,21247,503],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21248,10769],{},[33,21250,21251,21256,21263,21268],{},[36,21252,21253,21254],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21255,19721],{},[36,21257,4749,21258,1541,21260,21262],{},[15,21259,10769],{},[15,21261,3824],{}," if no default is provided",[36,21264,4624,21265,21267],{},[15,21266,10769],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,21269,21270],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21272,21273],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[59,21275,21277],{"className":61,"code":21276,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21278,21279,21289,21303,21321,21343],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21280,21281,21283,21285,21287],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21282,129],{"class":128},[68,21284,79],{"class":78},[68,21286,11480],{"class":138},[68,21288,85],{"class":78},[68,21290,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21292,129],{"class":128},[68,21294,79],{"class":78},[68,21296,11480],{"class":138},[68,21298,236],{"class":78},[68,21300,16956],{"class":138},[68,21302,7231],{"class":78},[68,21304,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21306,129],{"class":128},[68,21308,79],{"class":78},[68,21310,203],{"class":114},[68,21312,139],{"class":118},[68,21314,203],{"class":114},[68,21316,21208],{"class":1098},[68,21318,11798],{"class":138},[68,21320,85],{"class":78},[68,21322,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21324,129],{"class":128},[68,21326,79],{"class":78},[68,21328,11480],{"class":138},[68,21330,236],{"class":78},[68,21332,19784],{"class":138},[68,21334,79],{"class":78},[68,21336,203],{"class":114},[68,21338,139],{"class":118},[68,21340,203],{"class":114},[68,21342,142],{"class":78},[68,21344,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,21346,129],{"class":128},[68,21348,79],{"class":78},[68,21350,75],{"class":74},[68,21352,79],{"class":78},[68,21354,11480],{"class":138},[68,21356,236],{"class":78},[68,21358,19784],{"class":138},[68,21360,79],{"class":78},[68,21362,203],{"class":114},[68,21364,139],{"class":118},[68,21366,203],{"class":114},[68,21368,2970],{"class":78},[20,21370,21371],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,21373,21374,21379,21385,21391,21397],{},[36,21375,21376,21378],{},[15,21377,12711],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,21380,21381,21384],{},[15,21382,21383],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,21386,21387,21390],{},[15,21388,21389],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,21392,21393,21396],{},[15,21394,21395],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,21398,21399,21402],{},[15,21400,21401],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21404,21405,21406,232,21411,21415],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[49,21407,21408,21409,10770],{"href":17095},"the dictionary ",[15,21410,17098],{},[49,21412,21408,21413,10770],{"href":17107},[15,21414,17110],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[93,21417,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,21419,12736,21421,21423,21424,1906],{"id":21420},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21422,10769],{}," raise ",[15,21425,19721],{},[20,21427,21428,21429,21431],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21430,3824],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1470,21433,12736,21435,21437],{"id":21434},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21436,10769],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21439,21440],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1470,21442,21444,21445,1906],{"id":21443},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21446,10769],{},[20,21448,21449,21451],{},[15,21450,3824],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1470,21453,21455,21456,21458],{"id":21454},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21457,10769],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21460,224,21461,21463],{},[15,21462,10769],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[93,21465,1952],{"id":1951},[33,21467,21468,21472,21478,21484,21488,21493],{},[36,21469,21470],{},[49,21471,9187],{"href":9186},[36,21473,21474],{},[49,21475,10766,21476,10770],{"href":17095},[15,21477,17098],{},[36,21479,21480],{},[49,21481,10766,21482,10770],{"href":17107},[15,21483,17110],{},[36,21485,21486],{},[49,21487,17186],{"href":17185},[36,21489,21490],{},[49,21491,21492],{"href":16629},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,21494,21495],{},[49,21496,11292],{"href":11104},[1995,21498,21499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":21501},[21502,21504,21505,21507,21512,21513,21521,21522,21532],{"id":19866,"depth":125,"text":21503},"What get() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":20201,"depth":125,"text":21506},"When to use get()",{"id":20373,"depth":125,"text":21508,"children":21509},"get() vs square brackets",[21510,21511],{"id":20422,"depth":145,"text":20423},{"id":19784,"depth":145,"text":10769},{"id":20621,"depth":125,"text":20622},{"id":20834,"depth":125,"text":20835,"children":21514},[21515,21517,21519],{"id":20843,"depth":145,"text":21516},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20929,"depth":145,"text":21518},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21019,"depth":145,"text":21520},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":21523},[21524,21526,21528,21530],{"id":21420,"depth":145,"text":21525},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21434,"depth":145,"text":21527},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21443,"depth":145,"text":21529},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21454,"depth":145,"text":21531},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19702,"description":21533},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21540,"title":21541,"body":21542,"description":24099,"extension":2033,"meta":24100,"navigation":148,"path":24101,"seo":24102,"stem":24103,"__hash__":24104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21543,"toc":24065},[21544,21549,21555,21561,21563,21645,21649,21666,21671,21676,21681,21683,21697,21699,21762,21766,21806,21814,21816,21818,21833,21836,21849,21851,21930,21934,22000,22002,22006,22014,22016,22027,22029,22139,22143,22222,22228,22234,22239,22352,22356,22388,22391,22498,22504,22511,22515,22518,22621,22625,22686,22689,22692,22703,22712,22715,22732,22734,22833,22837,22912,22915,22938,22943,22948,22965,22967,23088,23092,23126,23128,23133,23140,23150,23152,23230,23233,23304,23314,23317,23349,23352,23391,23397,23404,23407,23498,23502,23583,23589,23592,23595,23700,23703,23706,23828,23832,23835,23902,23906,23943,23949,23951,23957,23962,23968,23975,23981,23984,24023,24029,24032,24034,24062],[10,21545,11348,21547,11352],{"id":21546},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21548,17110],{},[20,21550,2050,21551,21554],{},[15,21552,21553],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21556,21557,21558,21560],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21559,17110],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[93,21562,2075],{"id":2074},[59,21564,21566],{"className":61,"code":21565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21567,21568,21604,21608,21631],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21569,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21571,13237],{"class":106},[68,21573,111],{"class":110},[68,21575,1221],{"class":78},[68,21577,344],{"class":114},[68,21579,139],{"class":118},[68,21581,344],{"class":114},[68,21583,503],{"class":78},[68,21585,115],{"class":114},[68,21587,12913],{"class":118},[68,21589,344],{"class":114},[68,21591,472],{"class":78},[68,21593,115],{"class":114},[68,21595,395],{"class":118},[68,21597,344],{"class":114},[68,21599,503],{"class":78},[68,21601,9335],{"class":160},[68,21603,9338],{"class":78},[68,21605,21606],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21607,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21609,21610,21612,21615,21617,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21611,5998],{"class":1098},[68,21613,21614],{"class":106}," key",[68,21616,472],{"class":78},[68,21618,21619],{"class":106}," value ",[68,21621,3927],{"class":1098},[68,21623,13280],{"class":106},[68,21625,236],{"class":78},[68,21627,7848],{"class":138},[68,21629,21630],{"class":78},"():\n",[68,21632,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21634,1118],{"class":128},[68,21636,79],{"class":78},[68,21638,14873],{"class":138},[68,21640,472],{"class":78},[68,21642,8467],{"class":138},[68,21644,85],{"class":78},[20,21646,21647],{},[1301,21648,180],{},[59,21650,21652],{"className":61,"code":21651,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21653,21654,21659],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21655,21656],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21657,21658],{"class":106},"name Ana\n",[68,21660,21661,21664],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21662,21663],{"class":106},"age ",[68,21665,2772],{"class":160},[20,21667,224,21668,21670],{},[15,21669,17110],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[93,21672,3722,21674,3725],{"id":21673},"what-items-does",[15,21675,17110],{},[20,21677,21678,21680],{},[15,21679,17110],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21682,11489],{},[33,21684,21685,21691,21694],{},[36,21686,21687,21688],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21689,21690],{},"(key, value)",[36,21692,21693],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,21695,21696],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21698,326],{},[59,21700,21702],{"className":61,"code":21701,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21703,21704,21740,21744],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21705,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21707,13237],{"class":106},[68,21709,111],{"class":110},[68,21711,1221],{"class":78},[68,21713,344],{"class":114},[68,21715,139],{"class":118},[68,21717,344],{"class":114},[68,21719,503],{"class":78},[68,21721,115],{"class":114},[68,21723,12913],{"class":118},[68,21725,344],{"class":114},[68,21727,472],{"class":78},[68,21729,115],{"class":114},[68,21731,395],{"class":118},[68,21733,344],{"class":114},[68,21735,503],{"class":78},[68,21737,9335],{"class":160},[68,21739,9338],{"class":78},[68,21741,21742],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21743,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21745,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21747,129],{"class":128},[68,21749,79],{"class":78},[68,21751,274],{"class":74},[68,21753,79],{"class":78},[68,21755,17339],{"class":138},[68,21757,236],{"class":78},[68,21759,7848],{"class":138},[68,21761,6331],{"class":78},[20,21763,21764],{},[1301,21765,180],{},[59,21767,21769],{"className":61,"code":21768,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21770,21771],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21772,21773,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21774,21775],{"class":78},"[(",[68,21777,203],{"class":114},[68,21779,139],{"class":118},[68,21781,203],{"class":114},[68,21783,472],{"class":78},[68,21785,197],{"class":114},[68,21787,12913],{"class":118},[68,21789,203],{"class":114},[68,21791,9263],{"class":78},[68,21793,9266],{"class":78},[68,21795,203],{"class":114},[68,21797,395],{"class":118},[68,21799,203],{"class":114},[68,21801,472],{"class":78},[68,21803,9335],{"class":160},[68,21805,9279],{"class":78},[20,21807,21808,21809,384,21811,236],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[49,21810,9187],{"href":13055},[49,21812,15056],{"href":21813},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[93,21815,303],{"id":302},[20,21817,5476],{},[59,21819,21821],{"className":61,"code":21820,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21822,21823],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21824,21825,21827,21829,21831],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21826,11480],{"class":106},[68,21828,236],{"class":78},[68,21830,7848],{"class":138},[68,21832,8677],{"class":78},[20,21834,21835],{},"Things to remember:",[33,21837,21838,21843,21846],{},[36,21839,21840,21842],{},[15,21841,17110],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,21844,21845],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,21847,21848],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21850,326],{},[59,21852,21854],{"className":61,"code":21853,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21855,21856,21888,21892,21906,21910,21920],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21857,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21859,5108],{"class":106},[68,21861,111],{"class":110},[68,21863,1221],{"class":78},[68,21865,344],{"class":114},[68,21867,119],{"class":118},[68,21869,344],{"class":114},[68,21871,503],{"class":78},[68,21873,19932],{"class":160},[68,21875,472],{"class":78},[68,21877,115],{"class":114},[68,21879,5057],{"class":118},[68,21881,344],{"class":114},[68,21883,503],{"class":78},[68,21885,13539],{"class":160},[68,21887,9338],{"class":78},[68,21889,21890],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21891,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21893,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,21895,2297],{"class":106},[68,21897,111],{"class":110},[68,21899,5155],{"class":106},[68,21901,236],{"class":78},[68,21903,7848],{"class":138},[68,21905,8677],{"class":78},[68,21907,21908],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,21909,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,21911,21912,21914,21916,21918],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,21913,129],{"class":128},[68,21915,79],{"class":78},[68,21917,2331],{"class":138},[68,21919,85],{"class":78},[68,21921,21922,21924,21926,21928],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,21923,129],{"class":128},[68,21925,79],{"class":78},[68,21927,16421],{"class":138},[68,21929,85],{"class":78},[20,21931,21932],{},[1301,21933,180],{},[59,21935,21937],{"className":61,"code":21936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21938,21939,21972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,21940,21941,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,21942,21943],{"class":138},"dict_items",[68,21945,9687],{"class":78},[68,21947,203],{"class":114},[68,21949,119],{"class":118},[68,21951,203],{"class":114},[68,21953,472],{"class":78},[68,21955,19932],{"class":160},[68,21957,9263],{"class":78},[68,21959,9266],{"class":78},[68,21961,203],{"class":114},[68,21963,5057],{"class":118},[68,21965,203],{"class":114},[68,21967,472],{"class":78},[68,21969,13539],{"class":160},[68,21971,10708],{"class":78},[68,21973,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,21975,9308],{"class":78},[68,21977,203],{"class":114},[68,21979,119],{"class":118},[68,21981,203],{"class":114},[68,21983,503],{"class":78},[68,21985,19932],{"class":160},[68,21987,472],{"class":78},[68,21989,197],{"class":114},[68,21991,5057],{"class":118},[68,21993,203],{"class":114},[68,21995,503],{"class":78},[68,21997,13539],{"class":160},[68,21999,9338],{"class":78},[20,22001,20926],{},[93,22003,22005],{"id":22004},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22007,22008,22010,22011,22013],{},[15,22009,17110],{}," returns a ",[15,22012,21943],{}," view object.",[20,22015,2179],{},[33,22017,22018,22021,22024],{},[36,22019,22020],{},"You can loop over it",[36,22022,22023],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,22025,22026],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22028,326],{},[59,22030,22032],{"className":61,"code":22031,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22033,22034,22066,22080,22084,22098,22102,22121,22125],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22035,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22037,9197],{"class":106},[68,22039,111],{"class":110},[68,22041,1221],{"class":78},[68,22043,344],{"class":114},[68,22045,2245],{"class":118},[68,22047,344],{"class":114},[68,22049,503],{"class":78},[68,22051,5539],{"class":160},[68,22053,472],{"class":78},[68,22055,115],{"class":114},[68,22057,11777],{"class":118},[68,22059,344],{"class":114},[68,22061,503],{"class":78},[68,22063,475],{"class":160},[68,22065,9338],{"class":78},[68,22067,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22069,9245],{"class":106},[68,22071,111],{"class":110},[68,22073,14599],{"class":106},[68,22075,236],{"class":78},[68,22077,7848],{"class":138},[68,22079,8677],{"class":78},[68,22081,22082],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22083,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22085,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,22087,129],{"class":128},[68,22089,79],{"class":78},[68,22091,274],{"class":74},[68,22093,79],{"class":78},[68,22095,9292],{"class":138},[68,22097,142],{"class":78},[68,22099,22100],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,22101,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22103,22104,22106,22108,22110,22113,22115,22117,22119],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,22105,9234],{"class":106},[68,22107,795],{"class":78},[68,22109,344],{"class":114},[68,22111,22112],{"class":118},"z",[68,22114,344],{"class":114},[68,22116,800],{"class":78},[68,22118,13308],{"class":110},[68,22120,2641],{"class":160},[68,22122,22123],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,22124,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22126,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,22128,129],{"class":128},[68,22130,79],{"class":78},[68,22132,274],{"class":74},[68,22134,79],{"class":78},[68,22136,9292],{"class":138},[68,22138,142],{"class":78},[20,22140,22141],{},[1301,22142,180],{},[59,22144,22146],{"className":61,"code":22145,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22147,22148,22178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22149,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22151,21775],{"class":78},[68,22153,203],{"class":114},[68,22155,2245],{"class":118},[68,22157,203],{"class":114},[68,22159,472],{"class":78},[68,22161,5539],{"class":160},[68,22163,9263],{"class":78},[68,22165,9266],{"class":78},[68,22167,203],{"class":114},[68,22169,11777],{"class":118},[68,22171,203],{"class":114},[68,22173,472],{"class":78},[68,22175,475],{"class":160},[68,22177,9279],{"class":78},[68,22179,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22181,21775],{"class":78},[68,22183,203],{"class":114},[68,22185,2245],{"class":118},[68,22187,203],{"class":114},[68,22189,472],{"class":78},[68,22191,5539],{"class":160},[68,22193,9263],{"class":78},[68,22195,9266],{"class":78},[68,22197,203],{"class":114},[68,22199,11777],{"class":118},[68,22201,203],{"class":114},[68,22203,472],{"class":78},[68,22205,475],{"class":160},[68,22207,9263],{"class":78},[68,22209,9266],{"class":78},[68,22211,203],{"class":114},[68,22213,22112],{"class":118},[68,22215,203],{"class":114},[68,22217,472],{"class":78},[68,22219,480],{"class":160},[68,22221,9279],{"class":78},[20,22223,22224,22225,22227],{},"This happens because ",[15,22226,9292],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[93,22229,22231,22232],{"id":22230},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22233,17110],{},[20,22235,22236,22237,503],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22238,17110],{},[59,22240,22242],{"className":61,"code":22241,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22243,22244,22297,22301,22321],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22245,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22247,12896],{"class":106},[68,22249,111],{"class":110},[68,22251,1221],{"class":78},[68,22253,344],{"class":114},[68,22255,139],{"class":118},[68,22257,344],{"class":114},[68,22259,503],{"class":78},[68,22261,115],{"class":114},[68,22263,7959],{"class":118},[68,22265,344],{"class":114},[68,22267,472],{"class":78},[68,22269,115],{"class":114},[68,22271,19925],{"class":118},[68,22273,344],{"class":114},[68,22275,503],{"class":78},[68,22277,115],{"class":114},[68,22279,22280],{"class":118},"A",[68,22282,344],{"class":114},[68,22284,472],{"class":78},[68,22286,115],{"class":114},[68,22288,395],{"class":118},[68,22290,344],{"class":114},[68,22292,503],{"class":78},[68,22294,13890],{"class":160},[68,22296,9338],{"class":78},[68,22298,22299],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22300,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22302,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22304,5998],{"class":1098},[68,22306,21614],{"class":106},[68,22308,472],{"class":78},[68,22310,21619],{"class":106},[68,22312,3927],{"class":1098},[68,22314,12939],{"class":106},[68,22316,236],{"class":78},[68,22318,7848],{"class":138},[68,22320,21630],{"class":78},[68,22322,22323,22325,22327,22330,22332,22334,22336,22339,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,22324,1118],{"class":128},[68,22326,79],{"class":78},[68,22328,22329],{"class":193},"f",[68,22331,344],{"class":118},[68,22333,9308],{"class":160},[68,22335,14873],{"class":138},[68,22337,22338],{"class":160},"}",[68,22340,22341],{"class":118},": ",[68,22343,9308],{"class":160},[68,22345,665],{"class":138},[68,22347,22338],{"class":160},[68,22349,344],{"class":118},[68,22351,85],{"class":78},[20,22353,22354],{},[1301,22355,180],{},[59,22357,22359],{"className":61,"code":22358,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22360,22361,22370,22379],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22362,22363,22365,22367],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22364,139],{"class":106},[68,22366,503],{"class":78},[68,22368,22369],{"class":106}," Mia\n",[68,22371,22372,22374,22376],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22373,19925],{"class":106},[68,22375,503],{"class":78},[68,22377,22378],{"class":106}," A\n",[68,22380,22381,22383,22385],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22382,395],{"class":106},[68,22384,503],{"class":78},[68,22386,22387],{"class":160}," 14\n",[20,22389,22390],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[59,22392,22394],{"className":61,"code":22393,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22395,22396,22448,22452,22464],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22397,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22399,12896],{"class":106},[68,22401,111],{"class":110},[68,22403,1221],{"class":78},[68,22405,344],{"class":114},[68,22407,139],{"class":118},[68,22409,344],{"class":114},[68,22411,503],{"class":78},[68,22413,115],{"class":114},[68,22415,7959],{"class":118},[68,22417,344],{"class":114},[68,22419,472],{"class":78},[68,22421,115],{"class":114},[68,22423,19925],{"class":118},[68,22425,344],{"class":114},[68,22427,503],{"class":78},[68,22429,115],{"class":114},[68,22431,22280],{"class":118},[68,22433,344],{"class":114},[68,22435,472],{"class":78},[68,22437,115],{"class":114},[68,22439,395],{"class":118},[68,22441,344],{"class":114},[68,22443,503],{"class":78},[68,22445,13890],{"class":160},[68,22447,9338],{"class":78},[68,22449,22450],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22451,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22453,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22455,5998],{"class":1098},[68,22457,18242],{"class":106},[68,22459,3927],{"class":1098},[68,22461,12939],{"class":106},[68,22463,1648],{"class":78},[68,22465,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,22467,1118],{"class":128},[68,22469,79],{"class":78},[68,22471,22329],{"class":193},[68,22473,344],{"class":118},[68,22475,9308],{"class":160},[68,22477,14873],{"class":138},[68,22479,22338],{"class":160},[68,22481,22341],{"class":118},[68,22483,9308],{"class":160},[68,22485,13658],{"class":138},[68,22487,795],{"class":78},[68,22489,14873],{"class":138},[68,22491,800],{"class":78},[68,22493,22338],{"class":160},[68,22495,344],{"class":118},[68,22497,85],{"class":78},[20,22499,6549,22500,22503],{},[15,22501,22502],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22505,22506,22507,236],{},"For a full guide, see ",[49,22508,22510],{"href":22509},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[93,22512,22514],{"id":22513},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22516,22517],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[59,22519,22521],{"className":61,"code":22520,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22522,22523,22582,22586,22606,22610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22524,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22560,22562,22564,22566,22569,22571,22573,22575,22578,22580],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22526,13108],{"class":106},[68,22528,111],{"class":110},[68,22530,1221],{"class":78},[68,22532,344],{"class":114},[68,22534,4123],{"class":118},[68,22536,344],{"class":114},[68,22538,503],{"class":78},[68,22540,115],{"class":114},[68,22542,13125],{"class":118},[68,22544,344],{"class":114},[68,22546,472],{"class":78},[68,22548,115],{"class":114},[68,22550,4132],{"class":118},[68,22552,344],{"class":114},[68,22554,503],{"class":78},[68,22556,115],{"class":114},[68,22558,22559],{"class":118},"yellow",[68,22561,344],{"class":114},[68,22563,472],{"class":78},[68,22565,115],{"class":114},[68,22567,22568],{"class":118},"grape",[68,22570,344],{"class":114},[68,22572,503],{"class":78},[68,22574,115],{"class":114},[68,22576,22577],{"class":118},"purple",[68,22579,344],{"class":114},[68,22581,9338],{"class":78},[68,22583,22584],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22585,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22587,22588,22591,22593,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22589,22590],{"class":106},"pairs_list ",[68,22592,111],{"class":110},[68,22594,22595],{"class":74}," list",[68,22597,79],{"class":78},[68,22599,17535],{"class":138},[68,22601,236],{"class":78},[68,22603,7848],{"class":138},[68,22605,7231],{"class":78},[68,22607,22608],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,22609,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22611,22612,22614,22616,22619],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,22613,129],{"class":128},[68,22615,79],{"class":78},[68,22617,22618],{"class":138},"pairs_list",[68,22620,85],{"class":78},[20,22622,22623],{},[1301,22624,180],{},[59,22626,22628],{"className":61,"code":22627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22629,22630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22631,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22633,21775],{"class":78},[68,22635,203],{"class":114},[68,22637,4123],{"class":118},[68,22639,203],{"class":114},[68,22641,472],{"class":78},[68,22643,197],{"class":114},[68,22645,13125],{"class":118},[68,22647,203],{"class":114},[68,22649,9263],{"class":78},[68,22651,9266],{"class":78},[68,22653,203],{"class":114},[68,22655,4132],{"class":118},[68,22657,203],{"class":114},[68,22659,472],{"class":78},[68,22661,197],{"class":114},[68,22663,22559],{"class":118},[68,22665,203],{"class":114},[68,22667,9263],{"class":78},[68,22669,9266],{"class":78},[68,22671,203],{"class":114},[68,22673,22568],{"class":118},[68,22675,203],{"class":114},[68,22677,472],{"class":78},[68,22679,197],{"class":114},[68,22681,22577],{"class":118},[68,22683,203],{"class":114},[68,22685,9279],{"class":78},[20,22687,22688],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22690,22691],{},"Use this when:",[33,22693,22694,22697,22700],{},[36,22695,22696],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,22698,22699],{},"You need list behavior",[36,22701,22702],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[93,22704,22706,969,22708,969,22710],{"id":22705},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22707,17110],{},[15,22709,17098],{},[15,22711,17104],{},[20,22713,22714],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,22716,22717,22722,22727],{},[36,22718,22719,22721],{},[15,22720,17110],{}," gives both key and value",[36,22723,22724,22726],{},[15,22725,17098],{}," gives only keys",[36,22728,22729,22731],{},[15,22730,17104],{}," gives only values",[20,22733,326],{},[59,22735,22737],{"className":61,"code":22736,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22738,22739,22775,22779,22797,22815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22740,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22742,13237],{"class":106},[68,22744,111],{"class":110},[68,22746,1221],{"class":78},[68,22748,344],{"class":114},[68,22750,139],{"class":118},[68,22752,344],{"class":114},[68,22754,503],{"class":78},[68,22756,115],{"class":114},[68,22758,12913],{"class":118},[68,22760,344],{"class":114},[68,22762,472],{"class":78},[68,22764,115],{"class":114},[68,22766,395],{"class":118},[68,22768,344],{"class":114},[68,22770,503],{"class":78},[68,22772,9335],{"class":160},[68,22774,9338],{"class":78},[68,22776,22777],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22778,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,22780,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22782,129],{"class":128},[68,22784,79],{"class":78},[68,22786,274],{"class":74},[68,22788,79],{"class":78},[68,22790,17339],{"class":138},[68,22792,236],{"class":78},[68,22794,16956],{"class":138},[68,22796,6331],{"class":78},[68,22798,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,22800,129],{"class":128},[68,22802,79],{"class":78},[68,22804,274],{"class":74},[68,22806,79],{"class":78},[68,22808,17339],{"class":138},[68,22810,236],{"class":78},[68,22812,5401],{"class":138},[68,22814,6331],{"class":78},[68,22816,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,22818,129],{"class":128},[68,22820,79],{"class":78},[68,22822,274],{"class":74},[68,22824,79],{"class":78},[68,22826,17339],{"class":138},[68,22828,236],{"class":78},[68,22830,7848],{"class":138},[68,22832,6331],{"class":78},[20,22834,22835],{},[1301,22836,180],{},[59,22838,22840],{"className":61,"code":22839,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22841,22842,22862,22878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22845,795],{"class":78},[68,22847,203],{"class":114},[68,22849,139],{"class":118},[68,22851,203],{"class":114},[68,22853,472],{"class":78},[68,22855,197],{"class":114},[68,22857,395],{"class":118},[68,22859,203],{"class":114},[68,22861,730],{"class":78},[68,22863,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22865,795],{"class":78},[68,22867,203],{"class":114},[68,22869,12913],{"class":118},[68,22871,203],{"class":114},[68,22873,472],{"class":78},[68,22875,9335],{"class":160},[68,22877,730],{"class":78},[68,22879,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,22881,21775],{"class":78},[68,22883,203],{"class":114},[68,22885,139],{"class":118},[68,22887,203],{"class":114},[68,22889,472],{"class":78},[68,22891,197],{"class":114},[68,22893,12913],{"class":118},[68,22895,203],{"class":114},[68,22897,9263],{"class":78},[68,22899,9266],{"class":78},[68,22901,203],{"class":114},[68,22903,395],{"class":118},[68,22905,203],{"class":114},[68,22907,472],{"class":78},[68,22909,9335],{"class":160},[68,22911,9279],{"class":78},[20,22913,22914],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,22916,22917,22925,22933],{},[36,22918,22919,22920],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[49,22921,22923],{"href":22922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22924,17098],{},[36,22926,22927,22928],{},"Need just values? Use ",[49,22929,22931],{"href":22930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22932,17104],{},[36,22934,22935,22936],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22937,17110],{},[93,22939,1311,22941],{"id":22940},"when-to-use-items",[15,22942,17110],{},[20,22944,22945,22947],{},[15,22946,17110],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,22949,22950,22953,22956,22959,22962],{},[36,22951,22952],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,22954,22955],{},"Building formatted output",[36,22957,22958],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,22960,22961],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,22963,22964],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22966,326],{},[59,22968,22970],{"className":61,"code":22969,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22971,22972,22980,22998,23017,23029,23033,23037,23058],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,22973,22974,22976,22978],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,22975,13858],{"class":106},[68,22977,111],{"class":110},[68,22979,11524],{"class":78},[68,22981,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,22983,11529],{"class":114},[68,22985,12526],{"class":118},[68,22987,344],{"class":114},[68,22989,503],{"class":78},[68,22991,115],{"class":114},[68,22993,12535],{"class":118},[68,22995,344],{"class":114},[68,22997,11545],{"class":78},[68,22999,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23013,23015],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23001,11529],{"class":114},[68,23003,20157],{"class":118},[68,23005,344],{"class":114},[68,23007,503],{"class":78},[68,23009,115],{"class":114},[68,23011,23012],{"class":118},"English",[68,23014,344],{"class":114},[68,23016,11545],{"class":78},[68,23018,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23020,11529],{"class":114},[68,23022,18558],{"class":118},[68,23024,344],{"class":114},[68,23026,503],{"class":78},[68,23028,6462],{"class":526},[68,23030,23031],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,23032,9338],{"class":78},[68,23034,23035],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,23036,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23038,23039,23041,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,23040,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23042,23043],{"class":106}," setting",[68,23045,472],{"class":78},[68,23047,21619],{"class":106},[68,23049,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23051,13902],{"class":106},[68,23053,236],{"class":78},[68,23055,7848],{"class":138},[68,23057,21630],{"class":78},[68,23059,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23073,23075,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,23061,1118],{"class":128},[68,23063,79],{"class":78},[68,23065,22329],{"class":193},[68,23067,344],{"class":118},[68,23069,9308],{"class":160},[68,23071,23072],{"class":138},"setting",[68,23074,22338],{"class":160},[68,23076,23077],{"class":118}," = ",[68,23079,9308],{"class":160},[68,23081,665],{"class":138},[68,23083,22338],{"class":160},[68,23085,344],{"class":118},[68,23087,85],{"class":78},[20,23089,23090],{},[1301,23091,180],{},[59,23093,23095],{"className":61,"code":23094,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23096,23097,23107,23117],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23098,23099,23102,23104],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23100,23101],{"class":106},"theme ",[68,23103,111],{"class":110},[68,23105,23106],{"class":106}," dark\n",[68,23108,23109,23112,23114],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23110,23111],{"class":106},"language ",[68,23113,111],{"class":110},[68,23115,23116],{"class":106}," English\n",[68,23118,23119,23122,23124],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23120,23121],{"class":106},"notifications ",[68,23123,111],{"class":110},[68,23125,6462],{"class":526},[93,23127,1750],{"id":1749},[20,23129,23130,23131,236],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23132,17110],{},[1470,23134,23136,23137,23139],{"id":23135},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23138,17110],{}," incorrectly",[20,23141,23142,23143,23145,23146,23149],{},"Each result from ",[15,23144,17110],{}," has ",[1301,23147,23148],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23151,6726],{},[59,23153,23154],{"className":61,"code":21565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,23155,23156,23192,23196,23216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23157,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23159,13237],{"class":106},[68,23161,111],{"class":110},[68,23163,1221],{"class":78},[68,23165,344],{"class":114},[68,23167,139],{"class":118},[68,23169,344],{"class":114},[68,23171,503],{"class":78},[68,23173,115],{"class":114},[68,23175,12913],{"class":118},[68,23177,344],{"class":114},[68,23179,472],{"class":78},[68,23181,115],{"class":114},[68,23183,395],{"class":118},[68,23185,344],{"class":114},[68,23187,503],{"class":78},[68,23189,9335],{"class":160},[68,23191,9338],{"class":78},[68,23193,23194],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23195,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23197,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23199,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23201,21614],{"class":106},[68,23203,472],{"class":78},[68,23205,21619],{"class":106},[68,23207,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23209,13280],{"class":106},[68,23211,236],{"class":78},[68,23213,7848],{"class":138},[68,23215,21630],{"class":78},[68,23217,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23219,1118],{"class":128},[68,23221,79],{"class":78},[68,23223,14873],{"class":138},[68,23225,472],{"class":78},[68,23227,8467],{"class":138},[68,23229,85],{"class":78},[20,23231,23232],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[59,23234,23236],{"className":61,"code":23235,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23237,23238,23274,23278,23294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23239,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23241,13237],{"class":106},[68,23243,111],{"class":110},[68,23245,1221],{"class":78},[68,23247,344],{"class":114},[68,23249,139],{"class":118},[68,23251,344],{"class":114},[68,23253,503],{"class":78},[68,23255,115],{"class":114},[68,23257,12913],{"class":118},[68,23259,344],{"class":114},[68,23261,472],{"class":78},[68,23263,115],{"class":114},[68,23265,395],{"class":118},[68,23267,344],{"class":114},[68,23269,503],{"class":78},[68,23271,9335],{"class":160},[68,23273,9338],{"class":78},[68,23275,23276],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23277,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23279,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23281,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23283,18242],{"class":106},[68,23285,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23287,13280],{"class":106},[68,23289,236],{"class":78},[68,23291,7848],{"class":138},[68,23293,21630],{"class":78},[68,23295,23296,23298,23300,23302],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23297,1118],{"class":128},[68,23299,79],{"class":78},[68,23301,14873],{"class":138},[68,23303,85],{"class":78},[20,23305,23306,23307,23309,23310,23313],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23308,14873],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23311,23312],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23315,23316],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[59,23318,23320],{"className":61,"code":23319,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23321,23322,23338],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23323,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23325,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23327,6001],{"class":106},[68,23329,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23331,13280],{"class":106},[68,23333,236],{"class":78},[68,23335,7848],{"class":138},[68,23337,21630],{"class":78},[68,23339,23340,23342,23344,23347],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23341,1118],{"class":128},[68,23343,79],{"class":78},[68,23345,23346],{"class":138},"item",[68,23348,85],{"class":78},[20,23350,23351],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[59,23353,23355],{"className":61,"code":23354,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23356,23357,23377],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23360,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23362,21614],{"class":106},[68,23364,472],{"class":78},[68,23366,21619],{"class":106},[68,23368,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23370,13280],{"class":106},[68,23372,236],{"class":78},[68,23374,7848],{"class":138},[68,23376,21630],{"class":78},[68,23378,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23380,1118],{"class":128},[68,23382,79],{"class":78},[68,23384,14873],{"class":138},[68,23386,472],{"class":78},[68,23388,8467],{"class":138},[68,23390,85],{"class":78},[1470,23392,1770,23394,23396],{"id":23393},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23395,17110],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23398,23399,22010,23401,23403],{},[15,23400,17110],{},[15,23402,21943],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23405,23406],{},"Check it:",[59,23408,23410],{"className":61,"code":23409,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23411,23412,23444,23448,23462,23480],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23413,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23415,11756],{"class":106},[68,23417,111],{"class":110},[68,23419,1221],{"class":78},[68,23421,344],{"class":114},[68,23423,49],{"class":118},[68,23425,344],{"class":114},[68,23427,503],{"class":78},[68,23429,5539],{"class":160},[68,23431,472],{"class":78},[68,23433,115],{"class":114},[68,23435,4806],{"class":118},[68,23437,344],{"class":114},[68,23439,503],{"class":78},[68,23441,475],{"class":160},[68,23443,9338],{"class":78},[68,23445,23446],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23447,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23451,129],{"class":128},[68,23453,79],{"class":78},[68,23455,11480],{"class":138},[68,23457,236],{"class":78},[68,23459,7848],{"class":138},[68,23461,7231],{"class":78},[68,23463,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23465,129],{"class":128},[68,23467,79],{"class":78},[68,23469,75],{"class":74},[68,23471,79],{"class":78},[68,23473,11480],{"class":138},[68,23475,236],{"class":78},[68,23477,7848],{"class":138},[68,23479,6331],{"class":78},[68,23481,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,23483,129],{"class":128},[68,23485,79],{"class":78},[68,23487,274],{"class":74},[68,23489,79],{"class":78},[68,23491,11480],{"class":138},[68,23493,236],{"class":78},[68,23495,7848],{"class":138},[68,23497,6331],{"class":78},[20,23499,23500],{},[1301,23501,180],{},[59,23503,23505],{"className":61,"code":23504,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23506,23507,23539,23553],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23508,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23510,21943],{"class":138},[68,23512,9687],{"class":78},[68,23514,203],{"class":114},[68,23516,49],{"class":118},[68,23518,203],{"class":114},[68,23520,472],{"class":78},[68,23522,5539],{"class":160},[68,23524,9263],{"class":78},[68,23526,9266],{"class":78},[68,23528,203],{"class":114},[68,23530,4806],{"class":118},[68,23532,203],{"class":114},[68,23534,472],{"class":78},[68,23536,475],{"class":160},[68,23538,10708],{"class":78},[68,23540,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23542,190],{"class":110},[68,23544,194],{"class":193},[68,23546,197],{"class":114},[68,23548,21943],{"class":118},[68,23550,203],{"class":114},[68,23552,206],{"class":110},[68,23554,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23556,21775],{"class":78},[68,23558,203],{"class":114},[68,23560,49],{"class":118},[68,23562,203],{"class":114},[68,23564,472],{"class":78},[68,23566,5539],{"class":160},[68,23568,9263],{"class":78},[68,23570,9266],{"class":78},[68,23572,203],{"class":114},[68,23574,4806],{"class":118},[68,23576,203],{"class":114},[68,23578,472],{"class":78},[68,23580,475],{"class":160},[68,23582,9279],{"class":78},[1470,23584,23586,23587],{"id":23585},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23588,17110],{},[20,23590,23591],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23593,23594],{},"Problem example:",[59,23596,23598],{"className":61,"code":23597,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23599,23600,23644,23648,23668,23680],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23601,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23603,3663],{"class":106},[68,23605,111],{"class":110},[68,23607,1221],{"class":78},[68,23609,344],{"class":114},[68,23611,49],{"class":118},[68,23613,344],{"class":114},[68,23615,503],{"class":78},[68,23617,5539],{"class":160},[68,23619,472],{"class":78},[68,23621,115],{"class":114},[68,23623,4806],{"class":118},[68,23625,344],{"class":114},[68,23627,503],{"class":78},[68,23629,475],{"class":160},[68,23631,472],{"class":78},[68,23633,115],{"class":114},[68,23635,9769],{"class":118},[68,23637,344],{"class":114},[68,23639,503],{"class":78},[68,23641,480],{"class":160},[68,23643,9338],{"class":78},[68,23645,23646],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23647,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23649,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23651,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23653,21614],{"class":106},[68,23655,472],{"class":78},[68,23657,21619],{"class":106},[68,23659,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23661,4308],{"class":106},[68,23663,236],{"class":78},[68,23665,7848],{"class":138},[68,23667,21630],{"class":78},[68,23669,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23671,6439],{"class":1098},[68,23673,21619],{"class":106},[68,23675,4733],{"class":110},[68,23677,475],{"class":160},[68,23679,1648],{"class":78},[68,23681,23682,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,23683,23684],{"class":106},"        numbers",[68,23686,795],{"class":78},[68,23688,344],{"class":114},[68,23690,18801],{"class":118},[68,23692,344],{"class":114},[68,23694,800],{"class":78},[68,23696,13308],{"class":110},[68,23698,23699],{"class":160}," 4\n",[20,23701,23702],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23704,23705],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[59,23707,23709],{"className":61,"code":23708,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23710,23711,23755,23759,23784,23796,23814,23818],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23712,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23714,3663],{"class":106},[68,23716,111],{"class":110},[68,23718,1221],{"class":78},[68,23720,344],{"class":114},[68,23722,49],{"class":118},[68,23724,344],{"class":114},[68,23726,503],{"class":78},[68,23728,5539],{"class":160},[68,23730,472],{"class":78},[68,23732,115],{"class":114},[68,23734,4806],{"class":118},[68,23736,344],{"class":114},[68,23738,503],{"class":78},[68,23740,475],{"class":160},[68,23742,472],{"class":78},[68,23744,115],{"class":114},[68,23746,9769],{"class":118},[68,23748,344],{"class":114},[68,23750,503],{"class":78},[68,23752,480],{"class":160},[68,23754,9338],{"class":78},[68,23756,23757],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23758,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23760,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23762,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23764,21614],{"class":106},[68,23766,472],{"class":78},[68,23768,21619],{"class":106},[68,23770,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23772,22595],{"class":74},[68,23774,79],{"class":78},[68,23776,3693],{"class":138},[68,23778,236],{"class":78},[68,23780,7848],{"class":138},[68,23782,23783],{"class":78},"()):\n",[68,23785,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23787,6439],{"class":1098},[68,23789,21619],{"class":106},[68,23791,4733],{"class":110},[68,23793,475],{"class":160},[68,23795,1648],{"class":78},[68,23797,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,23799,23684],{"class":106},[68,23801,795],{"class":78},[68,23803,344],{"class":114},[68,23805,18801],{"class":118},[68,23807,344],{"class":114},[68,23809,800],{"class":78},[68,23811,13308],{"class":110},[68,23813,23699],{"class":160},[68,23815,23816],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,23817,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23819,23820,23822,23824,23826],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,23821,129],{"class":128},[68,23823,79],{"class":78},[68,23825,3693],{"class":138},[68,23827,85],{"class":78},[1470,23829,23831],{"id":23830},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23833,23834],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[59,23836,23838],{"className":61,"code":23837,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23839,23840,23872,23876,23892],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23841,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23843,9197],{"class":106},[68,23845,111],{"class":110},[68,23847,1221],{"class":78},[68,23849,344],{"class":114},[68,23851,2245],{"class":118},[68,23853,344],{"class":114},[68,23855,503],{"class":78},[68,23857,6045],{"class":160},[68,23859,472],{"class":78},[68,23861,115],{"class":114},[68,23863,11777],{"class":118},[68,23865,344],{"class":114},[68,23867,503],{"class":78},[68,23869,7828],{"class":160},[68,23871,9338],{"class":78},[68,23873,23874],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23875,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,23877,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,23879,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23881,6001],{"class":106},[68,23883,3927],{"class":1098},[68,23885,14599],{"class":106},[68,23887,236],{"class":78},[68,23889,7848],{"class":138},[68,23891,21630],{"class":78},[68,23893,23894,23896,23898,23900],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,23895,1118],{"class":128},[68,23897,79],{"class":78},[68,23899,23346],{"class":138},[68,23901,85],{"class":78},[20,23903,23904],{},[1301,23905,180],{},[59,23907,23909],{"className":61,"code":23908,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23910,23911,23927],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23914,79],{"class":78},[68,23916,203],{"class":114},[68,23918,2245],{"class":118},[68,23920,203],{"class":114},[68,23922,472],{"class":78},[68,23924,6045],{"class":160},[68,23926,85],{"class":78},[68,23928,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,23930,79],{"class":78},[68,23932,203],{"class":114},[68,23934,11777],{"class":118},[68,23936,203],{"class":114},[68,23938,472],{"class":78},[68,23940,7828],{"class":160},[68,23942,85],{"class":78},[20,23944,23945,23946,23948],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23947,21690],{}," pair.",[93,23950,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,23952,23954,23955,1881],{"id":23953},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23956,17110],{},[20,23958,17454,23959,23961],{},[15,23960,21943],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1470,23963,12736,23965,23967],{"id":23964},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23966,17110],{}," return a list?",[20,23969,23970,23971,23974],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23972,23973],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1470,23976,23978,23979,1906],{"id":23977},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23980,17110],{},[20,23982,23983],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[59,23985,23987],{"className":61,"code":23986,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23988,23989,24009],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,23990,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,23992,5998],{"class":1098},[68,23994,21614],{"class":106},[68,23996,472],{"class":78},[68,23998,21619],{"class":106},[68,24000,3927],{"class":1098},[68,24002,11798],{"class":106},[68,24004,236],{"class":78},[68,24006,7848],{"class":138},[68,24008,21630],{"class":78},[68,24010,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24012,1118],{"class":128},[68,24014,79],{"class":78},[68,24016,14873],{"class":138},[68,24018,472],{"class":78},[68,24020,8467],{"class":138},[68,24022,85],{"class":78},[1470,24024,12736,24026,24028],{"id":24025},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24027,17110],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24030,24031],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[93,24033,1952],{"id":1951},[33,24035,24036,24042,24048,24053,24057],{},[36,24037,24038],{},[49,24039,10766,24040,10770],{"href":22922},[15,24041,17098],{},[36,24043,24044],{},[49,24045,10766,24046,10770],{"href":22930},[15,24047,17104],{},[36,24049,24050],{},[49,24051,24052],{"href":22509},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,24054,24055],{},[49,24056,9187],{"href":13055},[36,24058,24059],{},[49,24060,24061],{"href":21813},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1995,24063,24064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":24066},[24067,24068,24070,24071,24072,24074,24075,24077,24079,24088,24098],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":21673,"depth":125,"text":24069},"What items() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":22004,"depth":125,"text":22005},{"id":22230,"depth":125,"text":24073},"Looping with items()",{"id":22513,"depth":125,"text":22514},{"id":22705,"depth":125,"text":24076},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22940,"depth":125,"text":24078},"When to use items()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":24080},[24081,24083,24085,24087],{"id":23135,"depth":145,"text":24082},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23393,"depth":145,"text":24084},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23585,"depth":145,"text":24086},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23830,"depth":145,"text":23831},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":24089},[24090,24092,24094,24096],{"id":23953,"depth":145,"text":24091},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23964,"depth":145,"text":24093},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23977,"depth":145,"text":24095},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24025,"depth":145,"text":24097},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21541,"description":24099},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24106,"title":24107,"body":24108,"description":26196,"extension":2033,"meta":26197,"navigation":148,"path":22922,"seo":26198,"stem":26199,"__hash__":26200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24109,"toc":26162},[24110,24115,24121,24124,24135,24142,24144,24227,24231,24278,24283,24288,24293,24295,24311,24313,24412,24416,24473,24476,24478,24481,24574,24578,24641,24644,24660,24665,24667,24669,24684,24686,24697,24699,24742,24745,24788,24791,24793,24800,24803,24820,24822,24915,24919,24960,24972,24976,24979,25067,25071,25091,25094,25121,25128,25133,25137,25148,25150,25254,25258,25284,25287,25354,25359,25362,25385,25390,25392,25397,25403,25408,25410,25465,25469,25496,25503,25509,25512,25537,25543,25569,25572,25647,25654,25659,25661,25700,25718,25722,25725,25768,25771,25773,25792,25794,25799,25824,25827,25897,25900,25973,25977,25979,26040,26043,26059,26061,26066,26071,26078,26087,26093,26099,26106,26112,26116,26121,26123,26159],[10,24111,11348,24113,11352],{"id":24112},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24114,17098],{},[20,24116,24117,24118,24120],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24119,17098],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24122,24123],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,24125,24126,24129,24132],{},[36,24127,24128],{},"view the available keys",[36,24130,24131],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,24133,24134],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24136,24137,24139,24140,236],{},[15,24138,17098],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24141,17047],{},[93,24143,2075],{"id":2074},[59,24145,24147],{"className":61,"code":24146,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24148,24149,24185,24199,24203,24213],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24150,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24152,12896],{"class":106},[68,24154,111],{"class":110},[68,24156,1221],{"class":78},[68,24158,344],{"class":114},[68,24160,139],{"class":118},[68,24162,344],{"class":114},[68,24164,503],{"class":78},[68,24166,115],{"class":114},[68,24168,12913],{"class":118},[68,24170,344],{"class":114},[68,24172,472],{"class":78},[68,24174,115],{"class":114},[68,24176,395],{"class":118},[68,24178,344],{"class":114},[68,24180,503],{"class":78},[68,24182,7828],{"class":160},[68,24184,9338],{"class":78},[68,24186,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24188,17274],{"class":106},[68,24190,111],{"class":110},[68,24192,12939],{"class":106},[68,24194,236],{"class":78},[68,24196,16956],{"class":138},[68,24198,8677],{"class":78},[68,24200,24201],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,24202,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24204,24205,24207,24209,24211],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,24206,129],{"class":128},[68,24208,79],{"class":78},[68,24210,16956],{"class":138},[68,24212,85],{"class":78},[68,24214,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,24216,129],{"class":128},[68,24218,79],{"class":78},[68,24220,274],{"class":74},[68,24222,79],{"class":78},[68,24224,16956],{"class":138},[68,24226,142],{"class":78},[20,24228,24229],{},[1301,24230,180],{},[59,24232,24234],{"className":61,"code":24233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24235,24236,24258],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24239,17047],{"class":138},[68,24241,466],{"class":78},[68,24243,203],{"class":114},[68,24245,139],{"class":118},[68,24247,203],{"class":114},[68,24249,472],{"class":78},[68,24251,197],{"class":114},[68,24253,395],{"class":118},[68,24255,203],{"class":114},[68,24257,3933],{"class":78},[68,24259,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24261,795],{"class":78},[68,24263,203],{"class":114},[68,24265,139],{"class":118},[68,24267,203],{"class":114},[68,24269,472],{"class":78},[68,24271,197],{"class":114},[68,24273,395],{"class":118},[68,24275,203],{"class":114},[68,24277,730],{"class":78},[20,24279,224,24280,24282],{},[15,24281,17098],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[93,24284,3722,24286,3725],{"id":24285},"what-keys-does",[15,24287,17098],{},[20,24289,24290,24292],{},[15,24291,17098],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24294,11489],{},[33,24296,24297,24300,24303,24308],{},[36,24298,24299],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,24301,24302],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,24304,17454,24305,24307],{},[15,24306,17047],{}," view object, not a list",[36,24309,24310],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24312,326],{},[59,24314,24316],{"className":61,"code":24315,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24317,24318,24354,24358,24372,24376,24398],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24319,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24321,13237],{"class":106},[68,24323,111],{"class":110},[68,24325,1221],{"class":78},[68,24327,344],{"class":114},[68,24329,139],{"class":118},[68,24331,344],{"class":114},[68,24333,503],{"class":78},[68,24335,115],{"class":114},[68,24337,13254],{"class":118},[68,24339,344],{"class":114},[68,24341,472],{"class":78},[68,24343,115],{"class":114},[68,24345,395],{"class":118},[68,24347,344],{"class":114},[68,24349,503],{"class":78},[68,24351,9335],{"class":160},[68,24353,9338],{"class":78},[68,24355,24356],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24357,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24359,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,24361,129],{"class":128},[68,24363,79],{"class":78},[68,24365,17339],{"class":138},[68,24367,236],{"class":78},[68,24369,16956],{"class":138},[68,24371,7231],{"class":78},[68,24373,24374],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,24375,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,24379,17339],{"class":106},[68,24381,795],{"class":78},[68,24383,344],{"class":114},[68,24385,10439],{"class":118},[68,24387,344],{"class":114},[68,24389,800],{"class":78},[68,24391,13308],{"class":110},[68,24393,115],{"class":114},[68,24395,10446],{"class":118},[68,24397,122],{"class":114},[68,24399,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,24401,129],{"class":128},[68,24403,79],{"class":78},[68,24405,17339],{"class":138},[68,24407,236],{"class":78},[68,24409,16956],{"class":138},[68,24411,7231],{"class":78},[20,24413,24414],{},[1301,24415,180],{},[59,24417,24419],{"className":61,"code":24418,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24420,24421,24443],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24424,17047],{"class":138},[68,24426,466],{"class":78},[68,24428,203],{"class":114},[68,24430,139],{"class":118},[68,24432,203],{"class":114},[68,24434,472],{"class":78},[68,24436,197],{"class":114},[68,24438,395],{"class":118},[68,24440,203],{"class":114},[68,24442,3933],{"class":78},[68,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24446,17047],{"class":138},[68,24448,466],{"class":78},[68,24450,203],{"class":114},[68,24452,139],{"class":118},[68,24454,203],{"class":114},[68,24456,472],{"class":78},[68,24458,197],{"class":114},[68,24460,395],{"class":118},[68,24462,203],{"class":114},[68,24464,472],{"class":78},[68,24466,197],{"class":114},[68,24468,10439],{"class":118},[68,24470,203],{"class":114},[68,24472,3933],{"class":78},[20,24474,24475],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[93,24477,5827],{"id":5826},[20,24479,24480],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[59,24482,24484],{"className":61,"code":24483,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24485,24486,24538,24542,24556],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24487,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24489,9197],{"class":106},[68,24491,111],{"class":110},[68,24493,1221],{"class":78},[68,24495,344],{"class":114},[68,24497,139],{"class":118},[68,24499,344],{"class":114},[68,24501,503],{"class":78},[68,24503,115],{"class":114},[68,24505,12913],{"class":118},[68,24507,344],{"class":114},[68,24509,472],{"class":78},[68,24511,115],{"class":114},[68,24513,395],{"class":118},[68,24515,344],{"class":114},[68,24517,503],{"class":78},[68,24519,7828],{"class":160},[68,24521,472],{"class":78},[68,24523,115],{"class":114},[68,24525,19925],{"class":118},[68,24527,344],{"class":114},[68,24529,503],{"class":78},[68,24531,115],{"class":114},[68,24533,22280],{"class":118},[68,24535,344],{"class":114},[68,24537,9338],{"class":78},[68,24539,24540],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24541,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24543,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,24545,129],{"class":128},[68,24547,79],{"class":78},[68,24549,9234],{"class":138},[68,24551,236],{"class":78},[68,24553,16956],{"class":138},[68,24555,7231],{"class":78},[68,24557,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,24559,129],{"class":128},[68,24561,79],{"class":78},[68,24563,274],{"class":74},[68,24565,79],{"class":78},[68,24567,9234],{"class":138},[68,24569,236],{"class":78},[68,24571,16956],{"class":138},[68,24573,6331],{"class":78},[20,24575,24576],{},[1301,24577,180],{},[59,24579,24581],{"className":61,"code":24580,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24582,24583,24613],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24584,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24586,17047],{"class":138},[68,24588,466],{"class":78},[68,24590,203],{"class":114},[68,24592,139],{"class":118},[68,24594,203],{"class":114},[68,24596,472],{"class":78},[68,24598,197],{"class":114},[68,24600,395],{"class":118},[68,24602,203],{"class":114},[68,24604,472],{"class":78},[68,24606,197],{"class":114},[68,24608,19925],{"class":118},[68,24610,203],{"class":114},[68,24612,3933],{"class":78},[68,24614,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24616,795],{"class":78},[68,24618,203],{"class":114},[68,24620,139],{"class":118},[68,24622,203],{"class":114},[68,24624,472],{"class":78},[68,24626,197],{"class":114},[68,24628,395],{"class":118},[68,24630,203],{"class":114},[68,24632,472],{"class":78},[68,24634,197],{"class":114},[68,24636,19925],{"class":118},[68,24638,203],{"class":114},[68,24640,730],{"class":78},[20,24642,24643],{},"This shows two things:",[33,24645,24646,24654],{},[36,24647,24648,22010,24651,24653],{},[15,24649,24650],{},"data.keys()",[15,24652,17047],{}," object",[36,24655,24656,24659],{},[15,24657,24658],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24661,9183,24662,236],{},[49,24663,24664],{"href":9420},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[93,24666,5473],{"id":5472},[20,24668,2231],{},[59,24670,24672],{"className":61,"code":24671,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24673,24674],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24675,24676,24678,24680,24682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24677,11480],{"class":106},[68,24679,236],{"class":78},[68,24681,16956],{"class":138},[68,24683,8677],{"class":78},[20,24685,21835],{},[33,24687,24688,24691,24694],{},[36,24689,24690],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,24692,24693],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,24695,24696],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24698,16688],{},[59,24700,24702],{"className":61,"code":24701,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24703,24704,24728],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24705,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24707,12896],{"class":106},[68,24709,111],{"class":110},[68,24711,1221],{"class":78},[68,24713,344],{"class":114},[68,24715,139],{"class":118},[68,24717,344],{"class":114},[68,24719,503],{"class":78},[68,24721,115],{"class":114},[68,24723,12913],{"class":118},[68,24725,344],{"class":114},[68,24727,9338],{"class":78},[68,24729,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24731,129],{"class":128},[68,24733,79],{"class":78},[68,24735,13658],{"class":138},[68,24737,236],{"class":78},[68,24739,16956],{"class":138},[68,24741,7231],{"class":78},[20,24743,24744],{},"Incorrect:",[59,24746,24748],{"className":61,"code":24747,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24749,24750,24774],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24751,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24753,12896],{"class":106},[68,24755,111],{"class":110},[68,24757,1221],{"class":78},[68,24759,344],{"class":114},[68,24761,139],{"class":118},[68,24763,344],{"class":114},[68,24765,503],{"class":78},[68,24767,115],{"class":114},[68,24769,12913],{"class":118},[68,24771,344],{"class":114},[68,24773,9338],{"class":78},[68,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24777,129],{"class":128},[68,24779,79],{"class":78},[68,24781,13658],{"class":138},[68,24783,236],{"class":78},[68,24785,16956],{"class":1267},[68,24787,85],{"class":78},[20,24789,24790],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[93,24792,17451],{"id":17450},[20,24794,24795,22010,24797,24799],{},[15,24796,17098],{},[15,24798,17047],{}," object.",[20,24801,24802],{},"This object:",[33,24804,24805,24808,24811,24817],{},[36,24806,24807],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,24809,24810],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,24812,24813,24814],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24815,24816],{},"list()",[36,24818,24819],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24821,326],{},[59,24823,24825],{"className":61,"code":24824,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24826,24827,24868,24872,24887,24891,24901],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24828,24829,24832,24834,24836,24838,24841,24843,24845,24847,24850,24852,24854,24856,24859,24861,24863,24866],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24830,24831],{"class":106},"car ",[68,24833,111],{"class":110},[68,24835,1221],{"class":78},[68,24837,344],{"class":114},[68,24839,24840],{"class":118},"brand",[68,24842,344],{"class":114},[68,24844,503],{"class":78},[68,24846,115],{"class":114},[68,24848,24849],{"class":118},"Toyota",[68,24851,344],{"class":114},[68,24853,472],{"class":78},[68,24855,115],{"class":114},[68,24857,24858],{"class":118},"year",[68,24860,344],{"class":114},[68,24862,503],{"class":78},[68,24864,24865],{"class":160}," 2020",[68,24867,9338],{"class":78},[68,24869,24870],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24871,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24873,24874,24876,24878,24881,24883,24885],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,24875,2297],{"class":106},[68,24877,111],{"class":110},[68,24879,24880],{"class":106}," car",[68,24882,236],{"class":78},[68,24884,16956],{"class":138},[68,24886,8677],{"class":78},[68,24888,24889],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,24890,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,24892,24893,24895,24897,24899],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,24894,129],{"class":128},[68,24896,79],{"class":78},[68,24898,2331],{"class":138},[68,24900,85],{"class":78},[68,24902,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,24904,129],{"class":128},[68,24906,79],{"class":78},[68,24908,75],{"class":74},[68,24910,79],{"class":78},[68,24912,2331],{"class":138},[68,24914,142],{"class":78},[20,24916,24917],{},[1301,24918,180],{},[59,24920,24922],{"className":61,"code":24921,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24923,24924,24946],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24925,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24927,17047],{"class":138},[68,24929,466],{"class":78},[68,24931,203],{"class":114},[68,24933,24840],{"class":118},[68,24935,203],{"class":114},[68,24937,472],{"class":78},[68,24939,197],{"class":114},[68,24941,24858],{"class":118},[68,24943,203],{"class":114},[68,24945,3933],{"class":78},[68,24947,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,24949,190],{"class":110},[68,24951,194],{"class":193},[68,24953,197],{"class":114},[68,24955,17047],{"class":118},[68,24957,203],{"class":114},[68,24959,206],{"class":110},[20,24961,24962,24963,24967,24968,236],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[49,24964,10766,24965,10770],{"href":17101},[15,24966,17104],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[49,24969,10766,24970,10770],{"href":17107},[15,24971,17110],{},[93,24973,24975],{"id":24974},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24977,24978],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[59,24980,24982],{"className":61,"code":24981,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24983,24984,25037,25041,25057],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,24985,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25033,25035],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,24987,12896],{"class":106},[68,24989,111],{"class":110},[68,24991,1221],{"class":78},[68,24993,344],{"class":114},[68,24995,139],{"class":118},[68,24997,344],{"class":114},[68,24999,503],{"class":78},[68,25001,115],{"class":114},[68,25003,12913],{"class":118},[68,25005,344],{"class":114},[68,25007,472],{"class":78},[68,25009,115],{"class":114},[68,25011,395],{"class":118},[68,25013,344],{"class":114},[68,25015,503],{"class":78},[68,25017,7828],{"class":160},[68,25019,472],{"class":78},[68,25021,115],{"class":114},[68,25023,15360],{"class":118},[68,25025,344],{"class":114},[68,25027,503],{"class":78},[68,25029,115],{"class":114},[68,25031,25032],{"class":118},"Math",[68,25034,344],{"class":114},[68,25036,9338],{"class":78},[68,25038,25039],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25040,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25042,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25044,5998],{"class":1098},[68,25046,18242],{"class":106},[68,25048,3927],{"class":1098},[68,25050,12939],{"class":106},[68,25052,236],{"class":78},[68,25054,16956],{"class":138},[68,25056,21630],{"class":78},[68,25058,25059,25061,25063,25065],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25060,1118],{"class":128},[68,25062,79],{"class":78},[68,25064,14873],{"class":138},[68,25066,85],{"class":78},[20,25068,25069],{},[1301,25070,180],{},[59,25072,25074],{"className":61,"code":25073,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25075,25076,25081,25086],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25077,25078],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25079,25080],{"class":106},"name\n",[68,25082,25083],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25084,25085],{"class":106},"age\n",[68,25087,25088],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25089,25090],{"class":106},"course\n",[20,25092,25093],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[59,25095,25097],{"className":61,"code":25096,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25098,25099,25111],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25100,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25102,5998],{"class":1098},[68,25104,18242],{"class":106},[68,25106,3927],{"class":1098},[68,25108,12939],{"class":106},[68,25110,1648],{"class":78},[68,25112,25113,25115,25117,25119],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25114,1118],{"class":128},[68,25116,79],{"class":78},[68,25118,14873],{"class":138},[68,25120,85],{"class":78},[20,25122,25123,25124,25127],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25125,25126],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[93,25129,1311,25131],{"id":25130},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25132,17098],{},[20,25134,224,25135,10630],{},[15,25136,17098],{},[33,25138,25139,25142,25145],{},[36,25140,25141],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,25143,25144],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,25146,25147],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25149,326],{},[59,25151,25153],{"className":61,"code":25152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25154,25155,25208,25212,25227,25244],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25156,25157,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25177,25179,25181,25183,25186,25188,25190,25193,25195,25197,25200,25202,25204,25206],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25158,25159],{"class":106},"product ",[68,25161,111],{"class":110},[68,25163,1221],{"class":78},[68,25165,344],{"class":114},[68,25167,139],{"class":118},[68,25169,344],{"class":114},[68,25171,503],{"class":78},[68,25173,115],{"class":114},[68,25175,25176],{"class":118},"Book",[68,25178,344],{"class":114},[68,25180,472],{"class":78},[68,25182,115],{"class":114},[68,25184,25185],{"class":118},"price",[68,25187,344],{"class":114},[68,25189,503],{"class":78},[68,25191,25192],{"class":160}," 12.99",[68,25194,472],{"class":78},[68,25196,115],{"class":114},[68,25198,25199],{"class":118},"stock",[68,25201,344],{"class":114},[68,25203,503],{"class":78},[68,25205,4650],{"class":160},[68,25207,9338],{"class":78},[68,25209,25210],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25211,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25213,25214,25216,25218,25220,25223,25225],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25215,129],{"class":128},[68,25217,79],{"class":78},[68,25219,344],{"class":114},[68,25221,25222],{"class":118},"Available fields:",[68,25224,344],{"class":114},[68,25226,85],{"class":78},[68,25228,25229,25231,25233,25235,25238,25240,25242],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25230,5998],{"class":1098},[68,25232,18242],{"class":106},[68,25234,3927],{"class":1098},[68,25236,25237],{"class":106}," product",[68,25239,236],{"class":78},[68,25241,16956],{"class":138},[68,25243,21630],{"class":78},[68,25245,25246,25248,25250,25252],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,25247,1118],{"class":128},[68,25249,79],{"class":78},[68,25251,14873],{"class":138},[68,25253,85],{"class":78},[20,25255,25256],{},[1301,25257,180],{},[59,25259,25261],{"className":61,"code":25260,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25262,25263,25270,25274,25279],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25264,25265,25268],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25266,25267],{"class":106},"Available fields",[68,25269,1648],{"class":78},[68,25271,25272],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25273,25080],{"class":106},[68,25275,25276],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25277,25278],{"class":106},"price\n",[68,25280,25281],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25282,25283],{"class":106},"stock\n",[20,25285,25286],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[59,25288,25290],{"className":61,"code":25289,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25291,25292,25328,25332],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25295,25159],{"class":106},[68,25297,111],{"class":110},[68,25299,1221],{"class":78},[68,25301,344],{"class":114},[68,25303,139],{"class":118},[68,25305,344],{"class":114},[68,25307,503],{"class":78},[68,25309,115],{"class":114},[68,25311,25176],{"class":118},[68,25313,344],{"class":114},[68,25315,472],{"class":78},[68,25317,115],{"class":114},[68,25319,25185],{"class":118},[68,25321,344],{"class":114},[68,25323,503],{"class":78},[68,25325,25192],{"class":160},[68,25327,9338],{"class":78},[68,25329,25330],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25331,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25333,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25335,129],{"class":128},[68,25337,79],{"class":78},[68,25339,344],{"class":114},[68,25341,139],{"class":118},[68,25343,344],{"class":114},[68,25345,21208],{"class":1098},[68,25347,25237],{"class":138},[68,25349,236],{"class":78},[68,25351,16956],{"class":138},[68,25353,7231],{"class":78},[20,25355,25356,25357,236],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25358,290],{},[20,25360,25361],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[59,25363,25365],{"className":61,"code":25364,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25366,25367],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25368,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25370,129],{"class":128},[68,25372,79],{"class":78},[68,25374,344],{"class":114},[68,25376,139],{"class":118},[68,25378,344],{"class":114},[68,25380,21208],{"class":1098},[68,25382,25237],{"class":138},[68,25384,85],{"class":78},[20,25386,25387,25388,236],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[49,25389,21241],{"href":17185},[93,25391,1462],{"id":1461},[20,25393,25394,25395,236],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25396,17098],{},[1470,25398,1770,25400,25402],{"id":25399},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25401,17098],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25404,25405,25407],{},[15,25406,17098],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25409,326],{},[59,25411,25413],{"className":61,"code":25412,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25414,25415,25451],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25416,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25418,9197],{"class":106},[68,25420,111],{"class":110},[68,25422,1221],{"class":78},[68,25424,344],{"class":114},[68,25426,139],{"class":118},[68,25428,344],{"class":114},[68,25430,503],{"class":78},[68,25432,115],{"class":114},[68,25434,12913],{"class":118},[68,25436,344],{"class":114},[68,25438,472],{"class":78},[68,25440,115],{"class":114},[68,25442,395],{"class":118},[68,25444,344],{"class":114},[68,25446,503],{"class":78},[68,25448,7828],{"class":160},[68,25450,9338],{"class":78},[68,25452,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25454,129],{"class":128},[68,25456,79],{"class":78},[68,25458,9234],{"class":138},[68,25460,236],{"class":78},[68,25462,16956],{"class":138},[68,25464,7231],{"class":78},[20,25466,25467],{},[1301,25468,180],{},[59,25470,25472],{"className":61,"code":25471,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25473,25474],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25475,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25477,17047],{"class":138},[68,25479,466],{"class":78},[68,25481,203],{"class":114},[68,25483,139],{"class":118},[68,25485,203],{"class":114},[68,25487,472],{"class":78},[68,25489,197],{"class":114},[68,25491,395],{"class":118},[68,25493,203],{"class":114},[68,25495,3933],{"class":78},[20,25497,25498,25499,236],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[49,25500,25501],{"href":17107},[15,25502,17110],{},[1470,25504,25506,25507],{"id":25505},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25508,17047],{},[20,25510,25511],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[59,25513,25515],{"className":61,"code":25514,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25516,25517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25518,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25520,795],{"class":78},[68,25522,203],{"class":114},[68,25524,139],{"class":118},[68,25526,203],{"class":114},[68,25528,472],{"class":78},[68,25530,197],{"class":114},[68,25532,395],{"class":118},[68,25534,203],{"class":114},[68,25536,730],{"class":78},[20,25538,25539,25540,25542],{},"But ",[15,25541,17098],{}," returns:",[59,25544,25545],{"className":61,"code":25471,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,25546,25547],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25548,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25550,17047],{"class":138},[68,25552,466],{"class":78},[68,25554,203],{"class":114},[68,25556,139],{"class":118},[68,25558,203],{"class":114},[68,25560,472],{"class":78},[68,25562,197],{"class":114},[68,25564,395],{"class":118},[68,25566,203],{"class":114},[68,25568,3933],{"class":78},[20,25570,25571],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[59,25573,25575],{"className":61,"code":25574,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25576,25577,25613,25632,25636],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25578,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25580,9197],{"class":106},[68,25582,111],{"class":110},[68,25584,1221],{"class":78},[68,25586,344],{"class":114},[68,25588,139],{"class":118},[68,25590,344],{"class":114},[68,25592,503],{"class":78},[68,25594,115],{"class":114},[68,25596,12913],{"class":118},[68,25598,344],{"class":114},[68,25600,472],{"class":78},[68,25602,115],{"class":114},[68,25604,395],{"class":118},[68,25606,344],{"class":114},[68,25608,503],{"class":78},[68,25610,7828],{"class":160},[68,25612,9338],{"class":78},[68,25614,25615,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25616,25617],{"class":106},"key_list ",[68,25619,111],{"class":110},[68,25621,22595],{"class":74},[68,25623,79],{"class":78},[68,25625,9234],{"class":138},[68,25627,236],{"class":78},[68,25629,16956],{"class":138},[68,25631,7231],{"class":78},[68,25633,25634],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25635,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25637,25638,25640,25642,25645],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25639,129],{"class":128},[68,25641,79],{"class":78},[68,25643,25644],{"class":138},"key_list",[68,25646,85],{"class":78},[1470,25648,25650,25651,25653],{"id":25649},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25652,17098],{}," on a list or string",[20,25655,25656,25658],{},[15,25657,17098],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25660,2899],{},[59,25662,25664],{"className":61,"code":25663,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25665,25666,25686],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25667,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25669,3663],{"class":106},[68,25671,111],{"class":110},[68,25673,725],{"class":78},[68,25675,469],{"class":160},[68,25677,472],{"class":78},[68,25679,475],{"class":160},[68,25681,472],{"class":78},[68,25683,480],{"class":160},[68,25685,730],{"class":78},[68,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25689,129],{"class":128},[68,25691,79],{"class":78},[68,25693,3693],{"class":138},[68,25695,236],{"class":78},[68,25697,16956],{"class":138},[68,25699,7231],{"class":78},[20,25701,25702,25703,25706,25707,25709,25710,236],{},"You may get an ",[15,25704,25705],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25708,17098],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[49,25711,25713,25714,25717],{"href":25712},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25715,25716],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1470,25719,25721],{"id":25720},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25723,25724],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[59,25726,25728],{"className":61,"code":25727,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25729,25730,25754],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25731,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25733,9197],{"class":106},[68,25735,111],{"class":110},[68,25737,1221],{"class":78},[68,25739,344],{"class":114},[68,25741,139],{"class":118},[68,25743,344],{"class":114},[68,25745,503],{"class":78},[68,25747,115],{"class":114},[68,25749,12913],{"class":118},[68,25751,344],{"class":114},[68,25753,9338],{"class":78},[68,25755,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25757,129],{"class":128},[68,25759,79],{"class":78},[68,25761,9234],{"class":138},[68,25763,236],{"class":78},[68,25765,16956],{"class":1267},[68,25767,85],{"class":78},[20,25769,25770],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25772,18728],{},[59,25774,25776],{"className":61,"code":25775,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25777,25778],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25779,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25781,129],{"class":128},[68,25783,79],{"class":78},[68,25785,9234],{"class":138},[68,25787,236],{"class":78},[68,25789,16956],{"class":138},[68,25791,7231],{"class":78},[93,25793,1750],{"id":1749},[20,25795,25796,25797,503],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25798,17098],{},[33,25800,25801,25806,25812,25818],{},[36,25802,633,25803,25805],{},[15,25804,17098],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,25807,25808,25809,25811],{},"Thinking ",[15,25810,17098],{}," returns values too",[36,25813,25814,25815,25817],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25816,17047],{}," like a normal list",[36,25819,25820,25821,25823],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25822,17047],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25825,25826],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[59,25828,25830],{"className":61,"code":25829,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25831,25832,25864,25878,25882,25892],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25833,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25835,9197],{"class":106},[68,25837,111],{"class":110},[68,25839,1221],{"class":78},[68,25841,344],{"class":114},[68,25843,49],{"class":118},[68,25845,344],{"class":114},[68,25847,503],{"class":78},[68,25849,5539],{"class":160},[68,25851,472],{"class":78},[68,25853,115],{"class":114},[68,25855,4806],{"class":118},[68,25857,344],{"class":114},[68,25859,503],{"class":78},[68,25861,475],{"class":160},[68,25863,9338],{"class":78},[68,25865,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25867,17274],{"class":106},[68,25869,111],{"class":110},[68,25871,14599],{"class":106},[68,25873,236],{"class":78},[68,25875,16956],{"class":138},[68,25877,8677],{"class":78},[68,25879,25880],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25881,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25883,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25885,129],{"class":128},[68,25887,79],{"class":78},[68,25889,16956],{"class":138},[68,25891,85],{"class":78},[68,25893,25894],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,25895,25896],{"class":3708},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25898,25899],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[59,25901,25903],{"className":61,"code":25902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25904,25905,25937,25955,25959],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25908,9197],{"class":106},[68,25910,111],{"class":110},[68,25912,1221],{"class":78},[68,25914,344],{"class":114},[68,25916,49],{"class":118},[68,25918,344],{"class":114},[68,25920,503],{"class":78},[68,25922,5539],{"class":160},[68,25924,472],{"class":78},[68,25926,115],{"class":114},[68,25928,4806],{"class":118},[68,25930,344],{"class":114},[68,25932,503],{"class":78},[68,25934,475],{"class":160},[68,25936,9338],{"class":78},[68,25938,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,25940,17274],{"class":106},[68,25942,111],{"class":110},[68,25944,22595],{"class":74},[68,25946,79],{"class":78},[68,25948,9234],{"class":138},[68,25950,236],{"class":78},[68,25952,16956],{"class":138},[68,25954,7231],{"class":78},[68,25956,25957],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,25958,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,25960,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,25962,129],{"class":128},[68,25964,79],{"class":78},[68,25966,16956],{"class":138},[68,25968,795],{"class":78},[68,25970,2192],{"class":160},[68,25972,3933],{"class":78},[93,25974,25976],{"id":25975},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25978,11142],{},[59,25980,25982],{"className":61,"code":25981,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25983,25984,25998,26008,26022],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,25987,129],{"class":128},[68,25989,79],{"class":78},[68,25991,75],{"class":74},[68,25993,79],{"class":78},[68,25995,11480],{"class":138},[68,25997,142],{"class":78},[68,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26001,129],{"class":128},[68,26003,79],{"class":78},[68,26005,11480],{"class":138},[68,26007,85],{"class":78},[68,26009,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26011,129],{"class":128},[68,26013,79],{"class":78},[68,26015,11480],{"class":138},[68,26017,236],{"class":78},[68,26019,16956],{"class":138},[68,26021,7231],{"class":78},[68,26023,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26025,129],{"class":128},[68,26027,79],{"class":78},[68,26029,274],{"class":74},[68,26031,79],{"class":78},[68,26033,11480],{"class":138},[68,26035,236],{"class":78},[68,26037,16956],{"class":138},[68,26039,6331],{"class":78},[20,26041,26042],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,26044,26045,26048,26051,26056],{},[36,26046,26047],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,26049,26050],{},"what data it contains",[36,26052,26053,26054,11737],{},"what ",[15,26055,17098],{},[36,26057,26058],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[93,26060,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,26062,23954,26064,1881],{"id":26063},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26065,17098],{},[20,26067,17454,26068,26070],{},[15,26069,17047],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1470,26072,1900,26074,26077],{"id":26073},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26075,26076],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26079,26080,26081,26083,26084,236],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26082,17047],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26085,26086],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1470,26088,26090,26091,1906],{"id":26089},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26092,26076],{},[20,26094,26095,26096,26098],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26097,5998],{}," loop.",[1470,26100,26102,26103,26105],{"id":26101},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26104,17098],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26107,26108,26109,26111],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26110,17098],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1470,26113,26115],{"id":26114},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26117,224,26118,236],{},[15,26119,26120],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[93,26122,1952],{"id":1951},[33,26124,26125,26130,26136,26142,26148,26152],{},[36,26126,26127],{},[49,26128,26129],{"href":9420},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,26131,26132],{},[49,26133,10766,26134,10770],{"href":17101},[15,26135,17104],{},[36,26137,26138],{},[49,26139,10766,26140,10770],{"href":17107},[15,26141,17110],{},[36,26143,26144],{},[49,26145,26147],{"href":26146},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,26149,26150],{},[49,26151,17186],{"href":17185},[36,26153,26154],{},[49,26155,26156,26157,25717],{"href":25712},"How to fix ",[15,26158,25716],{},[1995,26160,26161],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":26163},[26164,26165,26167,26168,26169,26170,26171,26173,26182,26183,26184,26195],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":24285,"depth":125,"text":26166},"What keys() does",{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":24974,"depth":125,"text":24975},{"id":25130,"depth":125,"text":26172},"When to use keys()",{"id":1461,"depth":125,"text":1462,"children":26174},[26175,26177,26179,26181],{"id":25399,"depth":145,"text":26176},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25505,"depth":145,"text":26178},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25649,"depth":145,"text":26180},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25720,"depth":145,"text":25721},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":25975,"depth":125,"text":25976},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":26185},[26186,26188,26190,26192,26194],{"id":26063,"depth":145,"text":26187},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26073,"depth":145,"text":26189},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26089,"depth":145,"text":26191},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26101,"depth":145,"text":26193},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26114,"depth":145,"text":26115},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24107,"description":26196},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26202,"title":26203,"body":26204,"description":28477,"extension":2033,"meta":28478,"navigation":148,"path":28479,"seo":28480,"stem":28481,"__hash__":28482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26205,"toc":28430},[26206,26211,26216,26219,26221,26367,26380,26385,26389,26403,26405,26508,26517,26519,26522,26560,26585,26587,26694,26696,26703,26706,26714,26716,26857,26865,26870,26874,26885,26887,27049,27052,27060,27067,27073,27170,27176,27253,27256,27268,27273,27279,27282,27286,27375,27378,27382,27486,27493,27580,27589,27591,27596,27602,27605,27651,27654,27720,27729,27735,27828,27834,27840,27883,27886,27951,27957,28049,28052,28056,28062,28087,28090,28186,28193,28195,28200,28291,28293,28321,28326,28328,28335,28338,28342,28352,28357,28360,28367,28377,28384,28392,28394,28427],[10,26207,11348,26209,11352],{"id":26208},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26210,12795],{},[20,26212,26213,26215],{},[15,26214,12601],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26217,26218],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[93,26220,96],{"id":95},[59,26222,26224],{"className":61,"code":26223,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26225,26226,26262,26286,26300,26313,26317,26322,26354],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26227,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26229,13237],{"class":106},[68,26231,111],{"class":110},[68,26233,1221],{"class":78},[68,26235,344],{"class":114},[68,26237,139],{"class":118},[68,26239,344],{"class":114},[68,26241,503],{"class":78},[68,26243,115],{"class":114},[68,26245,12913],{"class":118},[68,26247,344],{"class":114},[68,26249,472],{"class":78},[68,26251,115],{"class":114},[68,26253,395],{"class":118},[68,26255,344],{"class":114},[68,26257,503],{"class":78},[68,26259,9335],{"class":160},[68,26261,9338],{"class":78},[68,26263,26264,26267,26269,26271,26273,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26265,26266],{"class":106},"removed_age ",[68,26268,111],{"class":110},[68,26270,13280],{"class":106},[68,26272,236],{"class":78},[68,26274,26275],{"class":138},"pop",[68,26277,79],{"class":78},[68,26279,344],{"class":114},[68,26281,395],{"class":118},[68,26283,344],{"class":114},[68,26285,85],{"class":78},[68,26287,26288,26290,26292,26295,26297],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26289,129],{"class":128},[68,26291,79],{"class":78},[68,26293,26294],{"class":138},"removed_age",[68,26296,1701],{"class":78},[68,26298,26299],{"class":3708},"   # 25\n",[68,26301,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26303,129],{"class":128},[68,26305,79],{"class":78},[68,26307,17339],{"class":138},[68,26309,1701],{"class":78},[68,26311,26312],{"class":3708},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[68,26314,26315],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,26316,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26318,26319],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,26320,26321],{"class":3708},"# Safe version with default value\n",[68,26323,26324,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26350,26352],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,26325,26326],{"class":106},"country ",[68,26328,111],{"class":110},[68,26330,13280],{"class":106},[68,26332,236],{"class":78},[68,26334,26275],{"class":138},[68,26336,79],{"class":78},[68,26338,344],{"class":114},[68,26340,15293],{"class":118},[68,26342,344],{"class":114},[68,26344,472],{"class":78},[68,26346,115],{"class":114},[68,26348,26349],{"class":118},"Not found",[68,26351,344],{"class":114},[68,26353,85],{"class":78},[68,26355,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,26357,129],{"class":128},[68,26359,79],{"class":78},[68,26361,15293],{"class":138},[68,26363,1701],{"class":78},[68,26365,26366],{"class":3708},"       # Not found\n",[20,26368,224,26369,26372,26373,26376,26377,26379],{},[15,26370,26371],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26374,26375],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26378,19721],{}," when the key might not exist.",[93,26381,3722,26383,3725],{"id":26382},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26384,12601],{},[20,26386,26387,503],{},[15,26388,12601],{},[33,26390,26391,26394,26397,26400],{},[36,26392,26393],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,26395,26396],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,26398,26399],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,26401,26402],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26404,326],{},[59,26406,26408],{"className":61,"code":26407,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26409,26410,26450,26454,26477,26481,26495],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26411,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26413,11519],{"class":106},[68,26415,111],{"class":110},[68,26417,1221],{"class":78},[68,26419,344],{"class":114},[68,26421,139],{"class":118},[68,26423,344],{"class":114},[68,26425,503],{"class":78},[68,26427,115],{"class":114},[68,26429,13254],{"class":118},[68,26431,344],{"class":114},[68,26433,472],{"class":78},[68,26435,115],{"class":114},[68,26437,10439],{"class":118},[68,26439,344],{"class":114},[68,26441,503],{"class":78},[68,26443,115],{"class":114},[68,26445,10446],{"class":118},[68,26447,344],{"class":114},[68,26449,9338],{"class":78},[68,26451,26452],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26453,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26455,26456,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26457,26458],{"class":106},"removed_city ",[68,26460,111],{"class":110},[68,26462,11602],{"class":106},[68,26464,236],{"class":78},[68,26466,26275],{"class":138},[68,26468,79],{"class":78},[68,26470,344],{"class":114},[68,26472,10439],{"class":118},[68,26474,344],{"class":114},[68,26476,85],{"class":78},[68,26478,26479],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26480,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26482,26483,26485,26487,26490,26492],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,26484,129],{"class":128},[68,26486,79],{"class":78},[68,26488,26489],{"class":138},"removed_city",[68,26491,1701],{"class":78},[68,26493,26494],{"class":3708},"  # Paris\n",[68,26496,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,26498,129],{"class":128},[68,26500,79],{"class":78},[68,26502,11613],{"class":138},[68,26504,1701],{"class":78},[68,26506,26507],{"class":3708},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26509,20805,26510,26513,26514,236],{},[15,26511,26512],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26515,26516],{},"\"Paris\"",[93,26518,303],{"id":302},[20,26520,26521],{},"There are two common forms:",[59,26523,26525],{"className":61,"code":26524,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26526,26527,26541],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26530,11480],{"class":106},[68,26532,236],{"class":78},[68,26534,26275],{"class":138},[68,26536,79],{"class":78},[68,26538,14873],{"class":138},[68,26540,85],{"class":78},[68,26542,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26558],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26544,11480],{"class":106},[68,26546,236],{"class":78},[68,26548,26275],{"class":138},[68,26550,79],{"class":78},[68,26552,14873],{"class":138},[68,26554,472],{"class":78},[68,26556,26557],{"class":138}," default",[68,26559,85],{"class":78},[33,26561,26562,26568,26576,26582],{},[36,26563,26564,26567],{},[15,26565,26566],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,26569,26570,26572,26573,26575],{},[15,26571,26566],{}," raises ",[15,26574,19721],{}," if the key is missing",[36,26577,26578,26581],{},[15,26579,26580],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,26583,26584],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26586,326],{},[59,26588,26590],{"className":61,"code":26589,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26591,26592,26624,26628,26653,26681],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26593,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26595,5108],{"class":106},[68,26597,111],{"class":110},[68,26599,1221],{"class":78},[68,26601,344],{"class":114},[68,26603,18450],{"class":118},[68,26605,344],{"class":114},[68,26607,503],{"class":78},[68,26609,19932],{"class":160},[68,26611,472],{"class":78},[68,26613,115],{"class":114},[68,26615,18459],{"class":118},[68,26617,344],{"class":114},[68,26619,503],{"class":78},[68,26621,13539],{"class":160},[68,26623,9338],{"class":78},[68,26625,26626],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26627,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26629,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26631,129],{"class":128},[68,26633,79],{"class":78},[68,26635,16421],{"class":138},[68,26637,236],{"class":78},[68,26639,26275],{"class":138},[68,26641,79],{"class":78},[68,26643,344],{"class":114},[68,26645,18450],{"class":118},[68,26647,344],{"class":114},[68,26649,1636],{"class":78},[68,26651,26652],{"class":3708},"         # 90\n",[68,26654,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26656,129],{"class":128},[68,26658,79],{"class":78},[68,26660,16421],{"class":138},[68,26662,236],{"class":78},[68,26664,26275],{"class":138},[68,26666,79],{"class":78},[68,26668,344],{"class":114},[68,26670,18468],{"class":118},[68,26672,344],{"class":114},[68,26674,472],{"class":78},[68,26676,3880],{"class":160},[68,26678,1636],{"class":78},[68,26680,20802],{"class":3708},[68,26682,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,26684,129],{"class":128},[68,26686,79],{"class":78},[68,26688,16421],{"class":138},[68,26690,1701],{"class":78},[68,26692,26693],{"class":3708},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[93,26695,17451],{"id":17450},[20,26697,26698,14086,26700,26702],{},[15,26699,12795],{},[1301,26701,1303],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26704,26705],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,26707,26708,26711],{},[36,26709,26710],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,26712,26713],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26715,326],{},[59,26717,26719],{"className":61,"code":26718,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26720,26721,26753,26757,26780,26812,26816,26830,26844],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26722,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26724,9197],{"class":106},[68,26726,111],{"class":110},[68,26728,1221],{"class":78},[68,26730,344],{"class":114},[68,26732,49],{"class":118},[68,26734,344],{"class":114},[68,26736,503],{"class":78},[68,26738,6045],{"class":160},[68,26740,472],{"class":78},[68,26742,115],{"class":114},[68,26744,4806],{"class":118},[68,26746,344],{"class":114},[68,26748,503],{"class":78},[68,26750,7828],{"class":160},[68,26752,9338],{"class":78},[68,26754,26755],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26756,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26758,26759,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26760,26761],{"class":106},"result1 ",[68,26763,111],{"class":110},[68,26765,14599],{"class":106},[68,26767,236],{"class":78},[68,26769,26275],{"class":138},[68,26771,79],{"class":78},[68,26773,344],{"class":114},[68,26775,49],{"class":118},[68,26777,344],{"class":114},[68,26779,85],{"class":78},[68,26781,26782,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26808,26810],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26783,26784],{"class":106},"result2 ",[68,26786,111],{"class":110},[68,26788,14599],{"class":106},[68,26790,236],{"class":78},[68,26792,26275],{"class":138},[68,26794,79],{"class":78},[68,26796,344],{"class":114},[68,26798,9769],{"class":118},[68,26800,344],{"class":114},[68,26802,472],{"class":78},[68,26804,115],{"class":114},[68,26806,26807],{"class":118},"missing",[68,26809,344],{"class":114},[68,26811,85],{"class":78},[68,26813,26814],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,26815,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26817,26818,26820,26822,26825,26827],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,26819,129],{"class":128},[68,26821,79],{"class":78},[68,26823,26824],{"class":138},"result1",[68,26826,1701],{"class":78},[68,26828,26829],{"class":3708},"  # 10\n",[68,26831,26832,26834,26836,26839,26841],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,26833,129],{"class":128},[68,26835,79],{"class":78},[68,26837,26838],{"class":138},"result2",[68,26840,1701],{"class":78},[68,26842,26843],{"class":3708},"  # missing\n",[68,26845,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,26847,129],{"class":128},[68,26849,79],{"class":78},[68,26851,9234],{"class":138},[68,26853,1701],{"class":78},[68,26855,26856],{"class":3708},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26858,26859,26860,6670],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[49,26861,26862],{"href":10765},[15,26863,26864],{},"dict.get()",[93,26866,1311,26868],{"id":26867},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26869,12795],{},[20,26871,224,26872,10630],{},[15,26873,12795],{},[33,26875,26876,26879,26882],{},[36,26877,26878],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,26880,26881],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,26883,26884],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26886,326],{},[59,26888,26890],{"className":61,"code":26889,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26891,26892,26944,26948,26975,26979,27003,27007,27021,27035],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,26893,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26928,26930,26932,26935,26937,26939,26942],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,26895,25159],{"class":106},[68,26897,111],{"class":110},[68,26899,1221],{"class":78},[68,26901,344],{"class":114},[68,26903,139],{"class":118},[68,26905,344],{"class":114},[68,26907,503],{"class":78},[68,26909,115],{"class":114},[68,26911,26912],{"class":118},"Laptop",[68,26914,344],{"class":114},[68,26916,472],{"class":78},[68,26918,115],{"class":114},[68,26920,25185],{"class":118},[68,26922,344],{"class":114},[68,26924,503],{"class":78},[68,26926,26927],{"class":160}," 1200",[68,26929,472],{"class":78},[68,26931,115],{"class":114},[68,26933,26934],{"class":118},"discount",[68,26936,344],{"class":114},[68,26938,503],{"class":78},[68,26940,26941],{"class":160}," 200",[68,26943,9338],{"class":78},[68,26945,26946],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,26947,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26949,26950,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,26951,26952],{"class":106},"discount_amount ",[68,26954,111],{"class":110},[68,26956,25237],{"class":106},[68,26958,236],{"class":78},[68,26960,26275],{"class":138},[68,26962,79],{"class":78},[68,26964,344],{"class":114},[68,26966,26934],{"class":118},[68,26968,344],{"class":114},[68,26970,472],{"class":78},[68,26972,3880],{"class":160},[68,26974,85],{"class":78},[68,26976,26977],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,26978,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,26980,26981,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,26982,26983],{"class":106},"final_price ",[68,26985,111],{"class":110},[68,26987,25237],{"class":106},[68,26989,795],{"class":78},[68,26991,344],{"class":114},[68,26993,25185],{"class":118},[68,26995,344],{"class":114},[68,26997,800],{"class":78},[68,26999,2289],{"class":110},[68,27001,27002],{"class":106}," discount_amount\n",[68,27004,27005],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27006,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27008,27009,27011,27013,27016,27018],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,27010,129],{"class":128},[68,27012,79],{"class":78},[68,27014,27015],{"class":138},"discount_amount",[68,27017,1701],{"class":78},[68,27019,27020],{"class":3708},"  # 200\n",[68,27022,27023,27025,27027,27030,27032],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,27024,129],{"class":128},[68,27026,79],{"class":78},[68,27028,27029],{"class":138},"final_price",[68,27031,1701],{"class":78},[68,27033,27034],{"class":3708},"      # 1000\n",[68,27036,27037,27039,27041,27044,27046],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,27038,129],{"class":128},[68,27040,79],{"class":78},[68,27042,27043],{"class":138},"product",[68,27045,1701],{"class":78},[68,27047,27048],{"class":3708},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27050,27051],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[93,27053,27055,969,27057],{"id":27054},"pop-vs-del",[15,27056,12795],{},[15,27058,27059],{},"del",[20,27061,10619,27062,232,27064,27066],{},[15,27063,12795],{},[15,27065,27059],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1470,27068,224,27070,27072],{"id":27069},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27071,12795],{}," when you need the removed value",[59,27074,27076],{"className":61,"code":27075,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27077,27078,27114,27118,27140,27144,27157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27079,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27081,13237],{"class":106},[68,27083,111],{"class":110},[68,27085,1221],{"class":78},[68,27087,344],{"class":114},[68,27089,139],{"class":118},[68,27091,344],{"class":114},[68,27093,503],{"class":78},[68,27095,115],{"class":114},[68,27097,12913],{"class":118},[68,27099,344],{"class":114},[68,27101,472],{"class":78},[68,27103,115],{"class":114},[68,27105,395],{"class":118},[68,27107,344],{"class":114},[68,27109,503],{"class":78},[68,27111,9335],{"class":160},[68,27113,9338],{"class":78},[68,27115,27116],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27117,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27121,21663],{"class":106},[68,27123,111],{"class":110},[68,27125,13280],{"class":106},[68,27127,236],{"class":78},[68,27129,26275],{"class":138},[68,27131,79],{"class":78},[68,27133,344],{"class":114},[68,27135,395],{"class":118},[68,27137,344],{"class":114},[68,27139,85],{"class":78},[68,27141,27142],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27143,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27145,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27147,129],{"class":128},[68,27149,79],{"class":78},[68,27151,395],{"class":138},[68,27153,1701],{"class":78},[68,27155,27156],{"class":3708},"     # 25\n",[68,27158,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27160,129],{"class":128},[68,27162,79],{"class":78},[68,27164,17339],{"class":138},[68,27166,1701],{"class":78},[68,27168,27169],{"class":3708},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1470,27171,224,27173,27175],{"id":27172},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27174,27059],{}," when you only want deletion",[59,27177,27179],{"className":61,"code":27178,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27180,27181,27217,27221,27237,27241],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27184,13237],{"class":106},[68,27186,111],{"class":110},[68,27188,1221],{"class":78},[68,27190,344],{"class":114},[68,27192,139],{"class":118},[68,27194,344],{"class":114},[68,27196,503],{"class":78},[68,27198,115],{"class":114},[68,27200,12913],{"class":118},[68,27202,344],{"class":114},[68,27204,472],{"class":78},[68,27206,115],{"class":114},[68,27208,395],{"class":118},[68,27210,344],{"class":114},[68,27212,503],{"class":78},[68,27214,9335],{"class":160},[68,27216,9338],{"class":78},[68,27218,27219],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27220,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27222,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27224,27059],{"class":1098},[68,27226,13280],{"class":106},[68,27228,795],{"class":78},[68,27230,344],{"class":114},[68,27232,395],{"class":118},[68,27234,344],{"class":114},[68,27236,730],{"class":78},[68,27238,27239],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27240,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27242,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27244,129],{"class":128},[68,27246,79],{"class":78},[68,27248,17339],{"class":138},[68,27250,1701],{"class":78},[68,27252,27169],{"class":3708},[20,27254,27255],{},"Difference:",[33,27257,27258,27263],{},[36,27259,27260,27262],{},[15,27261,12795],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,27264,27265,27267],{},[15,27266,27059],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27269,27270,27271,236],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[49,27272,12606],{"href":12605},[93,27274,27276,27277],{"id":27275},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27278,19721],{},[20,27280,27281],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1470,27283,27285],{"id":27284},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[59,27287,27289],{"className":61,"code":27288,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27290,27291,27316,27320,27346,27350,27362],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27292,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27312,27314],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27294,11756],{"class":106},[68,27296,111],{"class":110},[68,27298,1221],{"class":78},[68,27300,344],{"class":114},[68,27302,139],{"class":118},[68,27304,344],{"class":114},[68,27306,503],{"class":78},[68,27308,115],{"class":114},[68,27310,27311],{"class":118},"Sara",[68,27313,344],{"class":114},[68,27315,9338],{"class":78},[68,27317,27318],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27319,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27321,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27323,652],{"class":106},[68,27325,111],{"class":110},[68,27327,11798],{"class":106},[68,27329,236],{"class":78},[68,27331,26275],{"class":138},[68,27333,79],{"class":78},[68,27335,344],{"class":114},[68,27337,395],{"class":118},[68,27339,344],{"class":114},[68,27341,472],{"class":78},[68,27343,3898],{"class":526},[68,27345,85],{"class":78},[68,27347,27348],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27349,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27351,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27353,129],{"class":128},[68,27355,79],{"class":78},[68,27357,665],{"class":138},[68,27359,1701],{"class":78},[68,27361,20595],{"class":3708},[68,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27365,129],{"class":128},[68,27367,79],{"class":78},[68,27369,11480],{"class":138},[68,27371,1701],{"class":78},[68,27373,27374],{"class":3708}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27376,27377],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1470,27379,27381],{"id":27380},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[59,27383,27385],{"className":61,"code":27384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27386,27387,27411,27415,27431,27454,27464,27471],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27388,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27390,11756],{"class":106},[68,27392,111],{"class":110},[68,27394,1221],{"class":78},[68,27396,344],{"class":114},[68,27398,139],{"class":118},[68,27400,344],{"class":114},[68,27402,503],{"class":78},[68,27404,115],{"class":114},[68,27406,27311],{"class":118},[68,27408,344],{"class":114},[68,27410,9338],{"class":78},[68,27412,27413],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27414,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27416,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27418,1099],{"class":1098},[68,27420,115],{"class":114},[68,27422,395],{"class":118},[68,27424,344],{"class":114},[68,27426,21208],{"class":110},[68,27428,11798],{"class":106},[68,27430,1648],{"class":78},[68,27432,27433,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27434,27435],{"class":106},"    value ",[68,27437,111],{"class":110},[68,27439,11798],{"class":106},[68,27441,236],{"class":78},[68,27443,26275],{"class":138},[68,27445,79],{"class":78},[68,27447,344],{"class":114},[68,27449,395],{"class":118},[68,27451,344],{"class":114},[68,27453,85],{"class":78},[68,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27457,1118],{"class":128},[68,27459,79],{"class":78},[68,27461,665],{"class":138},[68,27463,85],{"class":78},[68,27465,27466,27469],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27467,27468],{"class":1098},"else",[68,27470,1648],{"class":78},[68,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27482,27484],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,27474,1118],{"class":128},[68,27476,79],{"class":78},[68,27478,344],{"class":114},[68,27480,27481],{"class":118},"Key not found",[68,27483,344],{"class":114},[68,27485,85],{"class":78},[1470,27487,27489,27490,27492],{"id":27488},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27491,10769],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[59,27494,27496],{"className":61,"code":27495,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27497,27498,27522,27526,27552,27556,27568],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27499,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27501,11756],{"class":106},[68,27503,111],{"class":110},[68,27505,1221],{"class":78},[68,27507,344],{"class":114},[68,27509,139],{"class":118},[68,27511,344],{"class":114},[68,27513,503],{"class":78},[68,27515,115],{"class":114},[68,27517,27311],{"class":118},[68,27519,344],{"class":114},[68,27521,9338],{"class":78},[68,27523,27524],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27525,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27529,652],{"class":106},[68,27531,111],{"class":110},[68,27533,11798],{"class":106},[68,27535,236],{"class":78},[68,27537,19784],{"class":138},[68,27539,79],{"class":78},[68,27541,344],{"class":114},[68,27543,395],{"class":118},[68,27545,344],{"class":114},[68,27547,472],{"class":78},[68,27549,3898],{"class":526},[68,27551,85],{"class":78},[68,27553,27554],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27555,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27557,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27559,129],{"class":128},[68,27561,79],{"class":78},[68,27563,665],{"class":138},[68,27565,1701],{"class":78},[68,27567,20595],{"class":3708},[68,27569,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27571,129],{"class":128},[68,27573,79],{"class":78},[68,27575,11480],{"class":138},[68,27577,1701],{"class":78},[68,27579,27374],{"class":3708},[20,27581,224,27582,27586,27587,236],{},[49,27583,27584],{"href":10765},[15,27585,26864],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[49,27588,11292],{"href":11104},[93,27590,4563],{"id":4562},[20,27592,27593,27594,236],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27595,12601],{},[1470,27597,25808,27599,27601],{"id":27598},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27600,12795],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27603,27604],{},"Lists use indexes:",[59,27606,27608],{"className":61,"code":27607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27609,27610,27630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27611,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27613,3663],{"class":106},[68,27615,111],{"class":110},[68,27617,725],{"class":78},[68,27619,438],{"class":160},[68,27621,472],{"class":78},[68,27623,7828],{"class":160},[68,27625,472],{"class":78},[68,27627,7833],{"class":160},[68,27629,730],{"class":78},[68,27631,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27633,129],{"class":128},[68,27635,79],{"class":78},[68,27637,3693],{"class":138},[68,27639,236],{"class":78},[68,27641,26275],{"class":138},[68,27643,79],{"class":78},[68,27645,469],{"class":160},[68,27647,1636],{"class":78},[68,27649,27650],{"class":3708},"  # 20\n",[20,27652,27653],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[59,27655,27657],{"className":61,"code":27656,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27658,27659,27695],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27662,13237],{"class":106},[68,27664,111],{"class":110},[68,27666,1221],{"class":78},[68,27668,344],{"class":114},[68,27670,139],{"class":118},[68,27672,344],{"class":114},[68,27674,503],{"class":78},[68,27676,115],{"class":114},[68,27678,12913],{"class":118},[68,27680,344],{"class":114},[68,27682,472],{"class":78},[68,27684,115],{"class":114},[68,27686,395],{"class":118},[68,27688,344],{"class":114},[68,27690,503],{"class":78},[68,27692,9335],{"class":160},[68,27694,9338],{"class":78},[68,27696,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27698,129],{"class":128},[68,27700,79],{"class":78},[68,27702,17339],{"class":138},[68,27704,236],{"class":78},[68,27706,26275],{"class":138},[68,27708,79],{"class":78},[68,27710,344],{"class":114},[68,27712,395],{"class":118},[68,27714,344],{"class":114},[68,27716,1636],{"class":78},[68,27718,27719],{"class":3708},"  # 25\n",[20,27721,27722,27723,27725,27726,27728],{},"A dictionary does ",[1301,27724,1303],{}," use positions with ",[15,27727,12795],{},". It uses keys.",[1470,27730,4749,27732,27734],{"id":27731},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27733,12795],{}," changes the original dictionary",[59,27736,27738],{"className":61,"code":27737,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27739,27740,27772,27776,27798,27802,27815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27741,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27743,9197],{"class":106},[68,27745,111],{"class":110},[68,27747,1221],{"class":78},[68,27749,344],{"class":114},[68,27751,2245],{"class":118},[68,27753,344],{"class":114},[68,27755,503],{"class":78},[68,27757,5539],{"class":160},[68,27759,472],{"class":78},[68,27761,115],{"class":114},[68,27763,11777],{"class":118},[68,27765,344],{"class":114},[68,27767,503],{"class":78},[68,27769,475],{"class":160},[68,27771,9338],{"class":78},[68,27773,27774],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27775,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27777,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27779,652],{"class":106},[68,27781,111],{"class":110},[68,27783,14599],{"class":106},[68,27785,236],{"class":78},[68,27787,26275],{"class":138},[68,27789,79],{"class":78},[68,27791,344],{"class":114},[68,27793,2245],{"class":118},[68,27795,344],{"class":114},[68,27797,85],{"class":78},[68,27799,27800],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27801,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27803,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,27805,129],{"class":128},[68,27807,79],{"class":78},[68,27809,665],{"class":138},[68,27811,1701],{"class":78},[68,27813,27814],{"class":3708},"  # 1\n",[68,27816,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,27818,129],{"class":128},[68,27820,79],{"class":78},[68,27822,9234],{"class":138},[68,27824,1701],{"class":78},[68,27826,27827],{"class":3708},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27829,27830,27831,27833],{},"After ",[15,27832,12795],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1470,27835,633,27837,27839],{"id":27836},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27838,12795],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[59,27841,27843],{"className":61,"code":27842,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27844,27845,27869,27873,27878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27846,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27848,9197],{"class":106},[68,27850,111],{"class":110},[68,27852,1221],{"class":78},[68,27854,344],{"class":114},[68,27856,139],{"class":118},[68,27858,344],{"class":114},[68,27860,503],{"class":78},[68,27862,115],{"class":114},[68,27864,7959],{"class":118},[68,27866,344],{"class":114},[68,27868,9338],{"class":78},[68,27870,27871],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27872,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27874,27875],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27876,27877],{"class":3708},"# This causes an error\n",[68,27879,27880],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,27881,27882],{"class":3708},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27884,27885],{},"Safer version:",[59,27887,27889],{"className":61,"code":27888,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27890,27891,27915,27919],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27894,9197],{"class":106},[68,27896,111],{"class":110},[68,27898,1221],{"class":78},[68,27900,344],{"class":114},[68,27902,139],{"class":118},[68,27904,344],{"class":114},[68,27906,503],{"class":78},[68,27908,115],{"class":114},[68,27910,7959],{"class":118},[68,27912,344],{"class":114},[68,27914,9338],{"class":78},[68,27916,27917],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27918,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27920,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,27922,129],{"class":128},[68,27924,79],{"class":78},[68,27926,9234],{"class":138},[68,27928,236],{"class":78},[68,27930,26275],{"class":138},[68,27932,79],{"class":78},[68,27934,344],{"class":114},[68,27936,395],{"class":118},[68,27938,344],{"class":114},[68,27940,472],{"class":78},[68,27942,115],{"class":114},[68,27944,26807],{"class":118},[68,27946,344],{"class":114},[68,27948,1636],{"class":78},[68,27950,26843],{"class":3708},[1470,27952,1770,27954,27956],{"id":27953},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27955,12795],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[59,27958,27960],{"className":61,"code":27959,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27961,27962,27994,27998,28020,28024,28036],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,27963,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,27965,9197],{"class":106},[68,27967,111],{"class":110},[68,27969,1221],{"class":78},[68,27971,344],{"class":114},[68,27973,49],{"class":118},[68,27975,344],{"class":114},[68,27977,503],{"class":78},[68,27979,5539],{"class":160},[68,27981,472],{"class":78},[68,27983,115],{"class":114},[68,27985,4806],{"class":118},[68,27987,344],{"class":114},[68,27989,503],{"class":78},[68,27991,475],{"class":160},[68,27993,9338],{"class":78},[68,27995,27996],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,27997,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,27999,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28001,2297],{"class":106},[68,28003,111],{"class":110},[68,28005,14599],{"class":106},[68,28007,236],{"class":78},[68,28009,26275],{"class":138},[68,28011,79],{"class":78},[68,28013,344],{"class":114},[68,28015,49],{"class":118},[68,28017,344],{"class":114},[68,28019,85],{"class":78},[68,28021,28022],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28023,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,28027,129],{"class":128},[68,28029,79],{"class":78},[68,28031,2331],{"class":138},[68,28033,1701],{"class":78},[68,28035,27814],{"class":3708},[68,28037,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,28039,129],{"class":128},[68,28041,79],{"class":78},[68,28043,9234],{"class":138},[68,28045,1701],{"class":78},[68,28047,28048],{"class":3708},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28050,28051],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[93,28053,28055],{"id":28054},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28057,28058,28059,28061],{},"Problems with ",[15,28060,12601],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,28063,28064,28067,28076,28079],{},[36,28065,28066],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,28068,28069,28070,28073,28074],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28071,28072],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28075,26371],{},[36,28077,28078],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,28080,28081,28082,1776,28084],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28083,469],{},[15,28085,28086],{},"\"1\"",[20,28088,28089],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[59,28091,28093],{"className":61,"code":28092,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28094,28095,28119,28123,28153],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28096,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28098,9197],{"class":106},[68,28100,111],{"class":110},[68,28102,1221],{"class":78},[68,28104,344],{"class":114},[68,28106,469],{"class":118},[68,28108,344],{"class":114},[68,28110,503],{"class":78},[68,28112,115],{"class":114},[68,28114,6624],{"class":118},[68,28116,344],{"class":114},[68,28118,9338],{"class":78},[68,28120,28121],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28122,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28124,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28146,28148,28150],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28126,129],{"class":128},[68,28128,79],{"class":78},[68,28130,9234],{"class":138},[68,28132,236],{"class":78},[68,28134,26275],{"class":138},[68,28136,79],{"class":78},[68,28138,469],{"class":160},[68,28140,472],{"class":78},[68,28142,115],{"class":114},[68,28144,28145],{"class":118},"not found",[68,28147,344],{"class":114},[68,28149,1636],{"class":78},[68,28151,28152],{"class":3708},"    # not found\n",[68,28154,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28156,129],{"class":128},[68,28158,79],{"class":78},[68,28160,9234],{"class":138},[68,28162,236],{"class":78},[68,28164,26275],{"class":138},[68,28166,79],{"class":78},[68,28168,344],{"class":114},[68,28170,469],{"class":118},[68,28172,344],{"class":114},[68,28174,472],{"class":78},[68,28176,115],{"class":114},[68,28178,28145],{"class":118},[68,28180,344],{"class":114},[68,28182,1636],{"class":78},[68,28184,28185],{"class":3708},"  # one\n",[20,28187,28188,232,28190,28192],{},[15,28189,469],{},[15,28191,28086],{}," are different keys.",[93,28194,8906],{"id":8905},[20,28196,8909,28197,28199],{},[15,28198,12795],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[59,28201,28203],{"className":61,"code":28202,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28204,28205,28215,28229,28247,28277],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28206,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28208,129],{"class":128},[68,28210,79],{"class":78},[68,28212,11480],{"class":138},[68,28214,85],{"class":78},[68,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28218,129],{"class":128},[68,28220,79],{"class":78},[68,28222,11480],{"class":138},[68,28224,236],{"class":78},[68,28226,16956],{"class":138},[68,28228,7231],{"class":78},[68,28230,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28232,129],{"class":128},[68,28234,79],{"class":78},[68,28236,203],{"class":114},[68,28238,139],{"class":118},[68,28240,203],{"class":114},[68,28242,21208],{"class":1098},[68,28244,11798],{"class":138},[68,28246,85],{"class":78},[68,28248,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28250,129],{"class":128},[68,28252,79],{"class":78},[68,28254,11480],{"class":138},[68,28256,236],{"class":78},[68,28258,26275],{"class":138},[68,28260,79],{"class":78},[68,28262,203],{"class":114},[68,28264,139],{"class":118},[68,28266,203],{"class":114},[68,28268,472],{"class":78},[68,28270,197],{"class":114},[68,28272,26807],{"class":118},[68,28274,203],{"class":114},[68,28276,142],{"class":78},[68,28278,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,28280,129],{"class":128},[68,28282,79],{"class":78},[68,28284,75],{"class":74},[68,28286,79],{"class":78},[68,28288,11480],{"class":138},[68,28290,142],{"class":78},[20,28292,21371],{},[33,28294,28295,28300,28305,28310,28316],{},[36,28296,28297,28299],{},[15,28298,12711],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,28301,28302,28304],{},[15,28303,21383],{}," shows all available keys",[36,28306,28307,28309],{},[15,28308,21389],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,28311,28312,28315],{},[15,28313,28314],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,28317,28318,28320],{},[15,28319,12717],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28322,28323,28324,236],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[49,28325,9421],{"href":9420},[93,28327,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,28329,28331,28332,28334],{"id":28330},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28333,12795],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28336,28337],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1470,28339,28341],{"id":28340},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28343,28344,26572,28346,28348,28349,28351],{},[15,28345,26371],{},[15,28347,19721],{},". ",[15,28350,26375],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1470,28353,12736,28355,14928],{"id":28354},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28356,12795],{},[20,28358,28359],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1470,28361,28363,28364,28366],{"id":28362},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28365,12795],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28368,28369,28370,28372,28373,236],{},"Not with ",[15,28371,12601],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[49,28374,28375],{"href":12612},[15,28376,12802],{},[1470,28378,5221,28380,232,28382,1906],{"id":28379},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28381,10769],{},[15,28383,12795],{},[20,28385,28386,28388,28389,28391],{},[15,28387,10769],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28390,12795],{}," reads and removes it.",[93,28393,1952],{"id":1951},[33,28395,28396,28402,28409,28413,28417,28421],{},[36,28397,28398],{},[49,28399,28400],{"href":10765},[15,28401,19702],{},[36,28403,28404],{},[49,28405,28406],{"href":12612},[15,28407,28408],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,28410,28411],{},[49,28412,12819],{"href":12605},[36,28414,28415],{},[49,28416,21492],{"href":16629},[36,28418,28419],{},[49,28420,11292],{"href":11104},[36,28422,28423],{},[49,28424,28426],{"href":28425},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1995,28428,28429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":28431},[28432,28433,28435,28436,28437,28439,28446,28453,28463,28464,28465,28476],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":26382,"depth":125,"text":28434},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":26867,"depth":125,"text":28438},"When to use pop()",{"id":27054,"depth":125,"text":28440,"children":28441},"pop() vs del",[28442,28444],{"id":27069,"depth":145,"text":28443},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27172,"depth":145,"text":28445},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27275,"depth":125,"text":28447,"children":28448},"How to avoid KeyError",[28449,28450,28451],{"id":27284,"depth":145,"text":27285},{"id":27380,"depth":145,"text":27381},{"id":27488,"depth":145,"text":28452},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":28454},[28455,28457,28459,28461],{"id":27598,"depth":145,"text":28456},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27731,"depth":145,"text":28458},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27836,"depth":145,"text":28460},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27953,"depth":145,"text":28462},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28054,"depth":125,"text":28055},{"id":8905,"depth":125,"text":8906},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":28466},[28467,28469,28470,28472,28474],{"id":28330,"depth":145,"text":28468},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28340,"depth":145,"text":28341},{"id":28354,"depth":145,"text":28471},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28362,"depth":145,"text":28473},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28379,"depth":145,"text":28475},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26203,"description":28477},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28484,"title":28408,"body":28485,"description":30424,"extension":2033,"meta":30425,"navigation":148,"path":30426,"seo":30427,"stem":30428,"__hash__":30429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28486,"toc":30388},[28487,28492,28497,28500,28508,28518,28520,28609,28613,28662,28667,28672,28676,28692,28695,28697,28712,28714,28730,28737,28741,28747,28756,28758,28827,28831,28852,28855,28874,28877,28900,28902,28905,29020,29024,29083,29090,29094,29099,29224,29228,29278,29281,29285,29292,29294,29357,29361,29382,29385,29394,29409,29417,29424,29428,29440,29444,29455,29457,29603,29607,29666,29673,29678,29682,29688,29711,29716,29735,29739,29810,29817,29890,29899,29904,29909,29920,29923,30060,30065,30097,30102,30104,30108,30168,30171,30228,30231,30274,30276,30281,30287,30293,30296,30303,30311,30316,30319,30326,30334,30336,30385],[10,28488,11348,28490,11352],{"id":28489},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28491,12802],{},[20,28493,2050,28494,28496],{},[15,28495,12802],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28498,28499],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,28501,28502,28505],{},[36,28503,28504],{},"remove an item",[36,28506,28507],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28509,28510,28511,28513,28514,28517],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28512,12802],{}," removes the ",[1301,28515,28516],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[93,28519,2075],{"id":2074},[59,28521,28523],{"className":61,"code":28522,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28524,28525,28569,28585,28589,28599],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28526,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28528,9197],{"class":106},[68,28530,111],{"class":110},[68,28532,1221],{"class":78},[68,28534,344],{"class":114},[68,28536,49],{"class":118},[68,28538,344],{"class":114},[68,28540,503],{"class":78},[68,28542,5539],{"class":160},[68,28544,472],{"class":78},[68,28546,115],{"class":114},[68,28548,4806],{"class":118},[68,28550,344],{"class":114},[68,28552,503],{"class":78},[68,28554,475],{"class":160},[68,28556,472],{"class":78},[68,28558,115],{"class":114},[68,28560,9769],{"class":118},[68,28562,344],{"class":114},[68,28564,503],{"class":78},[68,28566,480],{"class":160},[68,28568,9338],{"class":78},[68,28570,28571,28574,28576,28578,28580,28583],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28572,28573],{"class":106},"item ",[68,28575,111],{"class":110},[68,28577,14599],{"class":106},[68,28579,236],{"class":78},[68,28581,28582],{"class":138},"popitem",[68,28584,8677],{"class":78},[68,28586,28587],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28588,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28590,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28592,129],{"class":128},[68,28594,79],{"class":78},[68,28596,23346],{"class":138},[68,28598,85],{"class":78},[68,28600,28601,28603,28605,28607],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,28602,129],{"class":128},[68,28604,79],{"class":78},[68,28606,9234],{"class":138},[68,28608,85],{"class":78},[20,28610,28611],{},[1301,28612,180],{},[59,28614,28616],{"className":61,"code":28615,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28617,28618,28634],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28619,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28621,79],{"class":78},[68,28623,203],{"class":114},[68,28625,9769],{"class":118},[68,28627,203],{"class":114},[68,28629,472],{"class":78},[68,28631,480],{"class":160},[68,28633,85],{"class":78},[68,28635,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28637,9308],{"class":78},[68,28639,203],{"class":114},[68,28641,49],{"class":118},[68,28643,203],{"class":114},[68,28645,503],{"class":78},[68,28647,5539],{"class":160},[68,28649,472],{"class":78},[68,28651,197],{"class":114},[68,28653,4806],{"class":118},[68,28655,203],{"class":114},[68,28657,503],{"class":78},[68,28659,475],{"class":160},[68,28661,9338],{"class":78},[20,28663,28664,28666],{},[15,28665,12802],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[93,28668,3722,28670,3725],{"id":28669},"what-popitem-does",[15,28671,12802],{},[20,28673,28674,503],{},[15,28675,12802],{},[33,28677,28678,28681,28686,28689],{},[36,28679,28680],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,28682,28683,28684],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28685,21690],{},[36,28687,28688],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,28690,28691],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28693,28694],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[93,28696,303],{"id":302},[59,28698,28700],{"className":61,"code":28699,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28701,28702],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28703,28704,28706,28708,28710],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28705,15636],{"class":106},[68,28707,236],{"class":78},[68,28709,28582],{"class":138},[68,28711,8677],{"class":78},[20,28713,11489],{},[33,28715,28716,28724,28727],{},[36,28717,28718,28720,28721],{},[15,28719,12802],{}," takes ",[1301,28722,28723],{},"no arguments",[36,28725,28726],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,28728,28729],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28731,28732,28733,6670],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[49,28734,28735],{"href":12598},[15,28736,12795],{},[93,28738,28740],{"id":28739},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28742,28743,28744,28746],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28745,12802],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28748,28749,28750,28753],"ol",{},[36,28751,28752],{},"the key",[36,28754,28755],{},"the value",[20,28757,326],{},[59,28759,28761],{"className":61,"code":28760,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28762,28763,28799,28813,28817],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28764,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28766,13237],{"class":106},[68,28768,111],{"class":110},[68,28770,1221],{"class":78},[68,28772,344],{"class":114},[68,28774,139],{"class":118},[68,28776,344],{"class":114},[68,28778,503],{"class":78},[68,28780,115],{"class":114},[68,28782,119],{"class":118},[68,28784,344],{"class":114},[68,28786,472],{"class":78},[68,28788,115],{"class":114},[68,28790,395],{"class":118},[68,28792,344],{"class":114},[68,28794,503],{"class":78},[68,28796,9335],{"class":160},[68,28798,9338],{"class":78},[68,28800,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28802,2297],{"class":106},[68,28804,111],{"class":110},[68,28806,13280],{"class":106},[68,28808,236],{"class":78},[68,28810,28582],{"class":138},[68,28812,8677],{"class":78},[68,28814,28815],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28816,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28818,28819,28821,28823,28825],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28820,129],{"class":128},[68,28822,79],{"class":78},[68,28824,2331],{"class":138},[68,28826,85],{"class":78},[20,28828,28829],{},[1301,28830,180],{},[59,28832,28834],{"className":61,"code":28833,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28835,28836],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28837,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28839,79],{"class":78},[68,28841,203],{"class":114},[68,28843,395],{"class":118},[68,28845,203],{"class":114},[68,28847,472],{"class":78},[68,28849,9335],{"class":160},[68,28851,85],{"class":78},[20,28853,28854],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[59,28856,28858],{"className":61,"code":28857,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28859,28860],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28861,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28863,2297],{"class":106},[68,28865,111],{"class":110},[68,28867,13280],{"class":106},[68,28869,236],{"class":78},[68,28871,28582],{"class":138},[68,28873,8677],{"class":78},[20,28875,28876],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[59,28878,28880],{"className":61,"code":28879,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28881,28882],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28883,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28885,14873],{"class":106},[68,28887,472],{"class":78},[68,28889,21619],{"class":106},[68,28891,111],{"class":110},[68,28893,13280],{"class":106},[68,28895,236],{"class":78},[68,28897,28582],{"class":138},[68,28899,8677],{"class":78},[93,28901,11506],{"id":11505},[20,28903,28904],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[59,28906,28908],{"className":61,"code":28907,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28909,28910,28958,28962,28977,28981,29001],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,28911,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28942,28944,28946,28949,28951,28953,28956],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,28913,5108],{"class":106},[68,28915,111],{"class":110},[68,28917,1221],{"class":78},[68,28919,344],{"class":114},[68,28921,28922],{"class":118},"Tom",[68,28924,344],{"class":114},[68,28926,503],{"class":78},[68,28928,5120],{"class":160},[68,28930,472],{"class":78},[68,28932,115],{"class":114},[68,28934,12913],{"class":118},[68,28936,344],{"class":114},[68,28938,503],{"class":78},[68,28940,28941],{"class":160}," 95",[68,28943,472],{"class":78},[68,28945,115],{"class":114},[68,28947,28948],{"class":118},"Leo",[68,28950,344],{"class":114},[68,28952,503],{"class":78},[68,28954,28955],{"class":160}," 88",[68,28957,9338],{"class":78},[68,28959,28960],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,28961,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28963,28964,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,28965,28966],{"class":106},"removed_pair ",[68,28968,111],{"class":110},[68,28970,5155],{"class":106},[68,28972,236],{"class":78},[68,28974,28582],{"class":138},[68,28976,8677],{"class":78},[68,28978,28979],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,28980,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,28982,28983,28985,28987,28989,28992,28994,28996,28999],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,28984,129],{"class":128},[68,28986,79],{"class":78},[68,28988,344],{"class":114},[68,28990,28991],{"class":118},"Removed:",[68,28993,344],{"class":114},[68,28995,472],{"class":78},[68,28997,28998],{"class":138}," removed_pair",[68,29000,85],{"class":78},[68,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29012,29014,29016,29018],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,29004,129],{"class":128},[68,29006,79],{"class":78},[68,29008,344],{"class":114},[68,29010,29011],{"class":118},"After removal:",[68,29013,344],{"class":114},[68,29015,472],{"class":78},[68,29017,5155],{"class":138},[68,29019,85],{"class":78},[20,29021,29022],{},[1301,29023,180],{},[59,29025,29027],{"className":61,"code":29026,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29028,29029,29050],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29030,29031,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29032,29033],{"class":106},"Removed",[68,29035,503],{"class":78},[68,29037,9266],{"class":78},[68,29039,203],{"class":114},[68,29041,28948],{"class":118},[68,29043,203],{"class":114},[68,29045,472],{"class":78},[68,29047,28955],{"class":160},[68,29049,85],{"class":78},[68,29051,29052,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29053,29054],{"class":106},"After removal",[68,29056,503],{"class":78},[68,29058,1221],{"class":78},[68,29060,203],{"class":114},[68,29062,28922],{"class":118},[68,29064,203],{"class":114},[68,29066,503],{"class":78},[68,29068,5120],{"class":160},[68,29070,472],{"class":78},[68,29072,197],{"class":114},[68,29074,12913],{"class":118},[68,29076,203],{"class":114},[68,29078,503],{"class":78},[68,29080,28941],{"class":160},[68,29082,9338],{"class":78},[20,29084,29085,29086,29089],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29087,29088],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[93,29091,29093],{"id":29092},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29095,1928,29096,29098],{},[15,29097,12802],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[59,29100,29102],{"className":61,"code":29101,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29103,29104,29140,29144,29163,29167,29186,29205],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29105,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29107,15479],{"class":106},[68,29109,111],{"class":110},[68,29111,1221],{"class":78},[68,29113,344],{"class":114},[68,29115,15490],{"class":118},[68,29117,344],{"class":114},[68,29119,503],{"class":78},[68,29121,115],{"class":114},[68,29123,15499],{"class":118},[68,29125,344],{"class":114},[68,29127,472],{"class":78},[68,29129,115],{"class":114},[68,29131,15510],{"class":118},[68,29133,344],{"class":114},[68,29135,503],{"class":78},[68,29137,26941],{"class":160},[68,29139,9338],{"class":78},[68,29141,29142],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29143,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29145,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29157,29159,29161],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29147,14873],{"class":106},[68,29149,472],{"class":78},[68,29151,21619],{"class":106},[68,29153,111],{"class":110},[68,29155,29156],{"class":106}," book",[68,29158,236],{"class":78},[68,29160,28582],{"class":138},[68,29162,8677],{"class":78},[68,29164,29165],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,29166,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29168,29169,29171,29173,29175,29178,29180,29182,29184],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,29170,129],{"class":128},[68,29172,79],{"class":78},[68,29174,344],{"class":114},[68,29176,29177],{"class":118},"Key:",[68,29179,344],{"class":114},[68,29181,472],{"class":78},[68,29183,21614],{"class":138},[68,29185,85],{"class":78},[68,29187,29188,29190,29192,29194,29197,29199,29201,29203],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,29189,129],{"class":128},[68,29191,79],{"class":78},[68,29193,344],{"class":114},[68,29195,29196],{"class":118},"Value:",[68,29198,344],{"class":114},[68,29200,472],{"class":78},[68,29202,8467],{"class":138},[68,29204,85],{"class":78},[68,29206,29207,29209,29211,29213,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,29208,129],{"class":128},[68,29210,79],{"class":78},[68,29212,344],{"class":114},[68,29214,29215],{"class":118},"Dictionary:",[68,29217,344],{"class":114},[68,29219,472],{"class":78},[68,29221,29156],{"class":138},[68,29223,85],{"class":78},[20,29225,29226],{},[1301,29227,180],{},[59,29229,29231],{"className":61,"code":29230,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29232,29233,29243,29253],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29234,29235,29238,29240],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29236,29237],{"class":106},"Key",[68,29239,503],{"class":78},[68,29241,29242],{"class":106}," pages\n",[68,29244,29245,29248,29250],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29246,29247],{"class":106},"Value",[68,29249,503],{"class":78},[68,29251,29252],{"class":160}," 200\n",[68,29254,29255,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29256,29257],{"class":106},"Dictionary",[68,29259,503],{"class":78},[68,29261,1221],{"class":78},[68,29263,203],{"class":114},[68,29265,15490],{"class":118},[68,29267,203],{"class":114},[68,29269,503],{"class":78},[68,29271,197],{"class":114},[68,29273,15499],{"class":118},[68,29275,203],{"class":114},[68,29277,9338],{"class":78},[20,29279,29280],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[93,29282,29284],{"id":29283},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29286,29287,29288,28513,29290,236],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29289,12802],{},[1301,29291,28516],{},[20,29293,326],{},[59,29295,29297],{"className":61,"code":29296,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29298,29299,29343],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29300,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29302,9197],{"class":106},[68,29304,111],{"class":110},[68,29306,1221],{"class":78},[68,29308,344],{"class":114},[68,29310,2245],{"class":118},[68,29312,344],{"class":114},[68,29314,503],{"class":78},[68,29316,5539],{"class":160},[68,29318,472],{"class":78},[68,29320,115],{"class":114},[68,29322,11777],{"class":118},[68,29324,344],{"class":114},[68,29326,503],{"class":78},[68,29328,475],{"class":160},[68,29330,472],{"class":78},[68,29332,115],{"class":114},[68,29334,22112],{"class":118},[68,29336,344],{"class":114},[68,29338,503],{"class":78},[68,29340,480],{"class":160},[68,29342,9338],{"class":78},[68,29344,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29346,129],{"class":128},[68,29348,79],{"class":78},[68,29350,9234],{"class":138},[68,29352,236],{"class":78},[68,29354,28582],{"class":138},[68,29356,7231],{"class":78},[20,29358,29359],{},[1301,29360,180],{},[59,29362,29364],{"className":61,"code":29363,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29365,29366],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29367,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29369,79],{"class":78},[68,29371,203],{"class":114},[68,29373,22112],{"class":118},[68,29375,203],{"class":114},[68,29377,472],{"class":78},[68,29379,480],{"class":160},[68,29381,85],{"class":78},[20,29383,29384],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29386,29387,29388,29390,29391,29393],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1301,29389,1303],{}," think of ",[15,29392,12802],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29395,29396,29397,1448,29401,1453,29405,236],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[49,29398,29399],{"href":17107},[15,29400,17110],{},[49,29402,29403],{"href":17095},[15,29404,17098],{},[49,29406,29407],{"href":17101},[15,29408,17104],{},[93,29410,29412,29413,232,29415],{"id":29411},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29414,12802],{},[15,29416,12795],{},[20,29418,29419,232,29421,29423],{},[15,29420,12802],{},[15,29422,12795],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1470,29425,29426],{"id":28582},[15,29427,12802],{},[33,29429,29430,29433,29436],{},[36,29431,29432],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,29434,29435],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,29437,3737,29438],{},[15,29439,21690],{},[1470,29441,29442],{"id":26275},[15,29443,12795],{},[33,29445,29446,29449,29452],{},[36,29447,29448],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,29450,29451],{},"needs the key name",[36,29453,29454],{},"returns only the value",[20,29456,326],{},[59,29458,29460],{"className":61,"code":29459,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29461,29462,29506,29510,29524,29544,29548,29570,29589,29593],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29463,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29465,9197],{"class":106},[68,29467,111],{"class":110},[68,29469,1221],{"class":78},[68,29471,344],{"class":114},[68,29473,49],{"class":118},[68,29475,344],{"class":114},[68,29477,503],{"class":78},[68,29479,5539],{"class":160},[68,29481,472],{"class":78},[68,29483,115],{"class":114},[68,29485,4806],{"class":118},[68,29487,344],{"class":114},[68,29489,503],{"class":78},[68,29491,475],{"class":160},[68,29493,472],{"class":78},[68,29495,115],{"class":114},[68,29497,9769],{"class":118},[68,29499,344],{"class":114},[68,29501,503],{"class":78},[68,29503,480],{"class":160},[68,29505,9338],{"class":78},[68,29507,29508],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29509,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29511,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29513,28573],{"class":106},[68,29515,111],{"class":110},[68,29517,14599],{"class":106},[68,29519,236],{"class":78},[68,29521,28582],{"class":138},[68,29523,8677],{"class":78},[68,29525,29526,29528,29530,29532,29535,29537,29539,29542],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,29527,129],{"class":128},[68,29529,79],{"class":78},[68,29531,344],{"class":114},[68,29533,29534],{"class":118},"popitem():",[68,29536,344],{"class":114},[68,29538,472],{"class":78},[68,29540,29541],{"class":138}," item",[68,29543,85],{"class":78},[68,29545,29546],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,29547,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29549,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,29551,652],{"class":106},[68,29553,111],{"class":110},[68,29555,14599],{"class":106},[68,29557,236],{"class":78},[68,29559,26275],{"class":138},[68,29561,79],{"class":78},[68,29563,344],{"class":114},[68,29565,49],{"class":118},[68,29567,344],{"class":114},[68,29569,85],{"class":78},[68,29571,29572,29574,29576,29578,29581,29583,29585,29587],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,29573,129],{"class":128},[68,29575,79],{"class":78},[68,29577,344],{"class":114},[68,29579,29580],{"class":118},"pop('a'):",[68,29582,344],{"class":114},[68,29584,472],{"class":78},[68,29586,8467],{"class":138},[68,29588,85],{"class":78},[68,29590,29591],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,29592,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29594,29595,29597,29599,29601],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,29596,129],{"class":128},[68,29598,79],{"class":78},[68,29600,9234],{"class":138},[68,29602,85],{"class":78},[20,29604,29605],{},[1301,29606,180],{},[59,29608,29610],{"className":61,"code":29609,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29611,29612,29633,29650],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29613,29614,29616,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29615,28582],{"class":138},[68,29617,29618],{"class":78},"():",[68,29620,9266],{"class":78},[68,29622,203],{"class":114},[68,29624,9769],{"class":118},[68,29626,203],{"class":114},[68,29628,472],{"class":78},[68,29630,480],{"class":160},[68,29632,85],{"class":78},[68,29634,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29636,26275],{"class":138},[68,29638,79],{"class":78},[68,29640,203],{"class":114},[68,29642,49],{"class":118},[68,29644,203],{"class":114},[68,29646,16484],{"class":78},[68,29648,29649],{"class":160}," 1\n",[68,29651,29652,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29653,9308],{"class":78},[68,29655,203],{"class":114},[68,29657,4806],{"class":118},[68,29659,203],{"class":114},[68,29661,503],{"class":78},[68,29663,475],{"class":160},[68,29665,9338],{"class":78},[20,29667,224,29668,29672],{},[49,29669,29670],{"href":12598},[15,29671,12795],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29674,224,29675,29677],{},[15,29676,12802],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[93,29679,29681],{"id":29680},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29683,29684,29685,29687],{},"Calling ",[15,29686,12802],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[59,29689,29691],{"className":61,"code":29690,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29692,29693,29701],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29694,29695,29697,29699],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29696,9197],{"class":106},[68,29698,111],{"class":110},[68,29700,9868],{"class":78},[68,29702,29703,29705,29707,29709],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29704,9234],{"class":106},[68,29706,236],{"class":78},[68,29708,28582],{"class":138},[68,29710,8677],{"class":78},[20,29712,29713],{},[1301,29714,29715],{},"Error:",[59,29717,29719],{"className":61,"code":29718,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29720,29721],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29722,29723,29725,29727,29729,29732],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29724,19721],{"class":74},[68,29726,503],{"class":78},[68,29728,197],{"class":114},[68,29730,29731],{"class":118},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[68,29733,29734],{"class":114},"'\n",[1470,29736,29738],{"id":29737},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[59,29740,29742],{"className":61,"code":29741,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29743,29744,29752,29756,29764,29779,29789,29795],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29745,29746,29748,29750],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29747,9197],{"class":106},[68,29749,111],{"class":110},[68,29751,9868],{"class":78},[68,29753,29754],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29755,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29757,29758,29760,29762],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29759,1099],{"class":1098},[68,29761,14599],{"class":106},[68,29763,1648],{"class":78},[68,29765,29766,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,29767,29768],{"class":106},"    item ",[68,29770,111],{"class":110},[68,29772,14599],{"class":106},[68,29774,236],{"class":78},[68,29776,28582],{"class":138},[68,29778,8677],{"class":78},[68,29780,29781,29783,29785,29787],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,29782,1118],{"class":128},[68,29784,79],{"class":78},[68,29786,23346],{"class":138},[68,29788,85],{"class":78},[68,29790,29791,29793],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,29792,27468],{"class":1098},[68,29794,1648],{"class":78},[68,29796,29797,29799,29801,29803,29806,29808],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,29798,1118],{"class":128},[68,29800,79],{"class":78},[68,29802,344],{"class":114},[68,29804,29805],{"class":118},"Dictionary is empty",[68,29807,344],{"class":114},[68,29809,85],{"class":78},[1470,29811,29813,29814],{"id":29812},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29815,29816],{},"try-except",[59,29818,29820],{"className":61,"code":29819,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29821,29822,29830,29834,29841,29855,29865,29875],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29823,29824,29826,29828],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29825,9197],{"class":106},[68,29827,111],{"class":110},[68,29829,9868],{"class":78},[68,29831,29832],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29833,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,29835,29836,29839],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29837,29838],{"class":1098},"try",[68,29840,1648],{"class":78},[68,29842,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,29844,29768],{"class":106},[68,29846,111],{"class":110},[68,29848,14599],{"class":106},[68,29850,236],{"class":78},[68,29852,28582],{"class":138},[68,29854,8677],{"class":78},[68,29856,29857,29859,29861,29863],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,29858,1118],{"class":128},[68,29860,79],{"class":78},[68,29862,23346],{"class":138},[68,29864,85],{"class":78},[68,29866,29867,29870,29873],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,29868,29869],{"class":1098},"except",[68,29871,29872],{"class":74}," KeyError",[68,29874,1648],{"class":78},[68,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883,29886,29888],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,29878,1118],{"class":128},[68,29880,79],{"class":78},[68,29882,344],{"class":114},[68,29884,29885],{"class":118},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[68,29887,344],{"class":114},[68,29889,85],{"class":78},[20,29891,29892,29893,236],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[49,29894,25713,29896],{"href":29895},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29897,29898],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[93,29900,1311,29902],{"id":29901},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29903,12802],{},[20,29905,29906,29908],{},[15,29907,12802],{}," is useful when:",[33,29910,29911,29914,29917],{},[36,29912,29913],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,29915,29916],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,29918,29919],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29921,29922],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[59,29924,29926],{"className":61,"code":29925,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29927,29928,29937,29957,29977,29995,29999,30003,30013,30032],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,29929,29930,29933,29935],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,29931,29932],{"class":106},"tasks ",[68,29934,111],{"class":110},[68,29936,11524],{"class":78},[68,29938,29939,29941,29944,29946,29948,29950,29953,29955],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,29940,11529],{"class":114},[68,29942,29943],{"class":118},"first",[68,29945,344],{"class":114},[68,29947,503],{"class":78},[68,29949,115],{"class":114},[68,29951,29952],{"class":118},"wash dishes",[68,29954,344],{"class":114},[68,29956,11545],{"class":78},[68,29958,29959,29961,29964,29966,29968,29970,29973,29975],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,29960,11529],{"class":114},[68,29962,29963],{"class":118},"second",[68,29965,344],{"class":114},[68,29967,503],{"class":78},[68,29969,115],{"class":114},[68,29971,29972],{"class":118},"do homework",[68,29974,344],{"class":114},[68,29976,11545],{"class":78},[68,29978,29979,29981,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,29980,11529],{"class":114},[68,29982,29983],{"class":118},"third",[68,29985,344],{"class":114},[68,29987,503],{"class":78},[68,29989,115],{"class":114},[68,29991,29992],{"class":118},"read book",[68,29994,122],{"class":114},[68,29996,29997],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,29998,9338],{"class":78},[68,30000,30001],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,30002,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,30004,30005,30008,30011],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,30006,30007],{"class":1098},"while",[68,30009,30010],{"class":106}," tasks",[68,30012,1648],{"class":78},[68,30014,30015,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,30016,30017],{"class":106},"    key",[68,30019,472],{"class":78},[68,30021,21619],{"class":106},[68,30023,111],{"class":110},[68,30025,30010],{"class":106},[68,30027,236],{"class":78},[68,30029,28582],{"class":138},[68,30031,8677],{"class":78},[68,30033,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,30035,1118],{"class":128},[68,30037,79],{"class":78},[68,30039,22329],{"class":193},[68,30041,344],{"class":118},[68,30043,9308],{"class":160},[68,30045,14873],{"class":138},[68,30047,22338],{"class":160},[68,30049,22341],{"class":118},[68,30051,9308],{"class":160},[68,30053,665],{"class":138},[68,30055,22338],{"class":160},[68,30057,344],{"class":118},[68,30059,85],{"class":78},[20,30061,30062],{},[1301,30063,30064],{},"Possible output:",[59,30066,30068],{"className":61,"code":30067,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30069,30070,30079,30088],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30071,30072,30074,30076],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30073,29983],{"class":106},[68,30075,503],{"class":78},[68,30077,30078],{"class":106}," read book\n",[68,30080,30081,30083,30085],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30082,29963],{"class":106},[68,30084,503],{"class":78},[68,30086,30087],{"class":106}," do homework\n",[68,30089,30090,30092,30094],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30091,29943],{"class":106},[68,30093,503],{"class":78},[68,30095,30096],{"class":106}," wash dishes\n",[20,30098,1928,30099,30101],{},[15,30100,12802],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[93,30103,1750],{"id":1749},[20,30105,1753,30106,503],{},[15,30107,12802],{},[33,30109,30110,30124,30143,30154],{},[36,30111,30112,30117],{},[1301,30113,29684,30114,30116],{},[15,30115,12802],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,30118,30119],{},[36,30120,30121,30122,236],{},"This raises ",[15,30123,19721],{},[36,30125,30126,30131],{},[1301,30127,1770,30128,30130],{},[15,30129,12802],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,30132,30133,30136],{},[36,30134,30135],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,30137,224,30138,30142],{},[49,30139,30140],{"href":12598},[15,30141,12795],{}," if you need that.",[36,30144,30145,30149],{},[1301,30146,4749,30147,27734],{},[15,30148,12802],{},[33,30150,30151],{},[36,30152,30153],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,30155,30156,30159],{},[1301,30157,30158],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,30160,30161],{},[36,30162,30163,22010,30165,30167],{},[15,30164,12802],{},[15,30166,21690],{}," tuple.",[20,30169,30170],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[59,30172,30174],{"className":61,"code":30173,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30175,30176,30186,30200,30204,30218],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30177,30178,30180,30182,30184],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30179,129],{"class":128},[68,30181,79],{"class":78},[68,30183,11480],{"class":138},[68,30185,85],{"class":78},[68,30187,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30189,129],{"class":128},[68,30191,79],{"class":78},[68,30193,11191],{"class":128},[68,30195,79],{"class":78},[68,30197,11480],{"class":138},[68,30199,142],{"class":78},[68,30201,30202],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30203,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,30205,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,30207,28573],{"class":106},[68,30209,111],{"class":110},[68,30211,11798],{"class":106},[68,30213,236],{"class":78},[68,30215,28582],{"class":138},[68,30217,8677],{"class":78},[68,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,30221,129],{"class":128},[68,30223,79],{"class":78},[68,30225,23346],{"class":138},[68,30227,85],{"class":78},[20,30229,30230],{},"Or with unpacking:",[59,30232,30234],{"className":61,"code":30233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30235,30236,30254,30264],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30237,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30239,14873],{"class":106},[68,30241,472],{"class":78},[68,30243,21619],{"class":106},[68,30245,111],{"class":110},[68,30247,11798],{"class":106},[68,30249,236],{"class":78},[68,30251,28582],{"class":138},[68,30253,8677],{"class":78},[68,30255,30256,30258,30260,30262],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30257,129],{"class":128},[68,30259,79],{"class":78},[68,30261,14873],{"class":138},[68,30263,85],{"class":78},[68,30265,30266,30268,30270,30272],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30267,129],{"class":128},[68,30269,79],{"class":78},[68,30271,665],{"class":138},[68,30273,85],{"class":78},[93,30275,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,30277,1878,30279,1881],{"id":30278},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30280,12802],{},[20,30282,30283,30284,236],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30285,30286],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1470,30288,12736,30290,30292],{"id":30289},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30291,12802],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30294,30295],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1470,30297,30299,30300,30302],{"id":30298},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30301,12802],{}," removes?",[20,30304,30305,30306,30310],{},"No. Use ",[49,30307,30308],{"href":12598},[15,30309,12795],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1470,30312,12736,30314,14928],{"id":30313},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30315,12802],{},[20,30317,30318],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1470,30320,30322,30323,30325],{"id":30321},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30324,12802],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30327,30328,30329,30331,30332,236],{},"It raises ",[15,30330,19721],{}," with the message ",[15,30333,29731],{},[93,30335,1952],{"id":1951},[33,30337,30338,30345,30351,30357,30363,30370,30374,30378],{},[36,30339,30340],{},[49,30341,30342,30344],{"href":12598},[15,30343,12795],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,30346,30347],{},[49,30348,30349,30344],{"href":17107},[15,30350,17110],{},[36,30352,30353],{},[49,30354,30355,30344],{"href":17095},[15,30356,17098],{},[36,30358,30359],{},[49,30360,30361,30344],{"href":17101},[15,30362,17104],{},[36,30364,30365],{},[49,30366,30368,30344],{"href":30367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30369,11351],{},[36,30371,30372],{},[49,30373,12819],{"href":12605},[36,30375,30376],{},[49,30377,21492],{"href":16629},[36,30379,30380],{},[49,30381,30382,30383],{"href":29895},"Fix ",[15,30384,29898],{},[1995,30386,30387],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":30389},[30390,30391,30393,30394,30395,30396,30397,30398,30403,30408,30410,30411,30423],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":28669,"depth":125,"text":30392},"What popitem() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":28739,"depth":125,"text":28740},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":29092,"depth":125,"text":29093},{"id":29283,"depth":125,"text":29284},{"id":29411,"depth":125,"text":30399,"children":30400},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30401,30402],{"id":28582,"depth":145,"text":12802},{"id":26275,"depth":145,"text":12795},{"id":29680,"depth":125,"text":29681,"children":30404},[30405,30406],{"id":29737,"depth":145,"text":29738},{"id":29812,"depth":145,"text":30407},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29901,"depth":125,"text":30409},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":30412},[30413,30415,30417,30419,30421],{"id":30278,"depth":145,"text":30414},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30289,"depth":145,"text":30416},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30298,"depth":145,"text":30418},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30313,"depth":145,"text":30420},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30321,"depth":145,"text":30422},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28408,"description":30424},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30431,"title":30432,"body":30433,"description":32334,"extension":2033,"meta":32335,"navigation":148,"path":14065,"seo":32336,"stem":32337,"__hash__":32338},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30434,"toc":32306},[30435,30440,30445,30448,30450,30546,30551,30556,30561,30564,30572,30575,30590,30592,30692,30694,30751,30755,30757,30760,30780,30785,30796,30799,30826,30829,30831,30888,30890,30911,30917,30922,30925,30936,30938,31046,31048,31101,31103,31115,31122,31128,31133,31136,31224,31226,31271,31274,31282,31285,31288,31357,31360,31363,31367,31370,31441,31443,31496,31499,31502,31505,31520,31523,31535,31538,31601,31603,31609,31611,31613,31692,31694,31735,31737,31802,31804,31841,31846,31851,31855,31869,31872,31995,31997,32082,32087,32089,32093,32115,32118,32197,32200,32219,32224,32226,32232,32237,32243,32246,32252,32255,32261,32266,32272,32278,32280,32303],[10,30436,11348,30438,11352],{"id":30437},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30439,14985],{},[20,30441,2050,30442,30444],{},[15,30443,14985],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30446,30447],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[93,30449,2075],{"id":2074},[59,30451,30453],{"className":61,"code":30452,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30454,30455,30491,30531,30541],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30456,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30458,13237],{"class":106},[68,30460,111],{"class":110},[68,30462,1221],{"class":78},[68,30464,344],{"class":114},[68,30466,139],{"class":118},[68,30468,344],{"class":114},[68,30470,503],{"class":78},[68,30472,115],{"class":114},[68,30474,12913],{"class":118},[68,30476,344],{"class":114},[68,30478,472],{"class":78},[68,30480,115],{"class":114},[68,30482,395],{"class":118},[68,30484,344],{"class":114},[68,30486,503],{"class":78},[68,30488,7828],{"class":160},[68,30490,9338],{"class":78},[68,30492,30493,30495,30497,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30494,17339],{"class":106},[68,30496,236],{"class":78},[68,30498,30499],{"class":138},"update",[68,30501,494],{"class":78},[68,30503,344],{"class":114},[68,30505,395],{"class":118},[68,30507,344],{"class":114},[68,30509,503],{"class":78},[68,30511,30512],{"class":160}," 21",[68,30514,472],{"class":78},[68,30516,115],{"class":114},[68,30518,10439],{"class":118},[68,30520,344],{"class":114},[68,30522,503],{"class":78},[68,30524,115],{"class":114},[68,30526,16063],{"class":118},[68,30528,344],{"class":114},[68,30530,1240],{"class":78},[68,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30534,129],{"class":128},[68,30536,79],{"class":78},[68,30538,17339],{"class":138},[68,30540,85],{"class":78},[68,30542,30543],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,30544,30545],{"class":3708},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30547,224,30548,30550],{},[15,30549,14985],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[93,30552,3722,30554,3725],{"id":30553},"what-update-does",[15,30555,14985],{},[20,30557,30558,30560],{},[15,30559,14985],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30562,30563],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,30565,30566,30569],{},[36,30567,30568],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,30570,30571],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30573,30574],{},"Important things to know:",[33,30576,30577,30580,30583,30587],{},[36,30578,30579],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,30581,30582],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,30584,5191,30585],{},[15,30586,3824],{},[36,30588,30589],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30591,326],{},[59,30593,30595],{"className":61,"code":30594,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30596,30597,30639,30682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30598,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30635,30637],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30600,12896],{"class":106},[68,30602,111],{"class":110},[68,30604,1221],{"class":78},[68,30606,344],{"class":114},[68,30608,139],{"class":118},[68,30610,344],{"class":114},[68,30612,503],{"class":78},[68,30614,115],{"class":114},[68,30616,30617],{"class":118},"Mira",[68,30619,344],{"class":114},[68,30621,472],{"class":78},[68,30623,115],{"class":114},[68,30625,19925],{"class":118},[68,30627,344],{"class":114},[68,30629,503],{"class":78},[68,30631,115],{"class":114},[68,30633,30634],{"class":118},"B",[68,30636,344],{"class":114},[68,30638,9338],{"class":78},[68,30640,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30678,30680],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30642,13658],{"class":106},[68,30644,236],{"class":78},[68,30646,30499],{"class":138},[68,30648,494],{"class":78},[68,30650,344],{"class":114},[68,30652,19925],{"class":118},[68,30654,344],{"class":114},[68,30656,503],{"class":78},[68,30658,115],{"class":114},[68,30660,22280],{"class":118},[68,30662,344],{"class":114},[68,30664,472],{"class":78},[68,30666,115],{"class":114},[68,30668,10439],{"class":118},[68,30670,344],{"class":114},[68,30672,503],{"class":78},[68,30674,115],{"class":114},[68,30676,30677],{"class":118},"Quito",[68,30679,344],{"class":114},[68,30681,1240],{"class":78},[68,30683,30684,30686,30688,30690],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30685,129],{"class":128},[68,30687,79],{"class":78},[68,30689,13658],{"class":138},[68,30691,85],{"class":78},[20,30693,180],{},[59,30695,30697],{"className":61,"code":30696,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30698,30699],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30700,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30702,9308],{"class":78},[68,30704,203],{"class":114},[68,30706,139],{"class":118},[68,30708,203],{"class":114},[68,30710,503],{"class":78},[68,30712,197],{"class":114},[68,30714,30617],{"class":118},[68,30716,203],{"class":114},[68,30718,472],{"class":78},[68,30720,197],{"class":114},[68,30722,19925],{"class":118},[68,30724,203],{"class":114},[68,30726,503],{"class":78},[68,30728,197],{"class":114},[68,30730,22280],{"class":118},[68,30732,203],{"class":114},[68,30734,472],{"class":78},[68,30736,197],{"class":114},[68,30738,10439],{"class":118},[68,30740,203],{"class":114},[68,30742,503],{"class":78},[68,30744,197],{"class":114},[68,30746,30677],{"class":118},[68,30748,203],{"class":114},[68,30750,9338],{"class":78},[20,30752,9183,30753,236],{},[49,30754,24664],{"href":9420},[93,30756,303],{"id":302},[20,30758,30759],{},"The basic form is:",[59,30761,30763],{"className":61,"code":30762,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30764,30765],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30766,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30778],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30768,15636],{"class":106},[68,30770,236],{"class":78},[68,30772,30499],{"class":138},[68,30774,79],{"class":78},[68,30776,30777],{"class":138},"other",[68,30779,85],{"class":78},[20,30781,30782,30784],{},[15,30783,30777],{}," can be:",[33,30786,30787,30790,30793],{},[36,30788,30789],{},"Another dictionary",[36,30791,30792],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,30794,30795],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30797,30798],{},"You can also use:",[59,30800,30802],{"className":61,"code":30801,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30803,30804],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30805,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30807,15636],{"class":106},[68,30809,236],{"class":78},[68,30811,30499],{"class":138},[68,30813,79],{"class":78},[68,30815,139],{"class":9206},[68,30817,111],{"class":110},[68,30819,344],{"class":114},[68,30821,7714],{"class":118},[68,30823,344],{"class":114},[68,30825,85],{"class":78},[20,30827,30828],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30830,326],{},[59,30832,30834],{"className":61,"code":30833,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30835,30836,30856,30878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30837,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30839,9197],{"class":106},[68,30841,111],{"class":110},[68,30843,1221],{"class":78},[68,30845,344],{"class":114},[68,30847,49],{"class":118},[68,30849,344],{"class":114},[68,30851,503],{"class":78},[68,30853,5539],{"class":160},[68,30855,9338],{"class":78},[68,30857,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30859,9234],{"class":106},[68,30861,236],{"class":78},[68,30863,30499],{"class":138},[68,30865,494],{"class":78},[68,30867,344],{"class":114},[68,30869,49],{"class":118},[68,30871,344],{"class":114},[68,30873,503],{"class":78},[68,30875,6045],{"class":160},[68,30877,1240],{"class":78},[68,30879,30880,30882,30884,30886],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,30881,129],{"class":128},[68,30883,79],{"class":78},[68,30885,9234],{"class":138},[68,30887,85],{"class":78},[20,30889,180],{},[59,30891,30893],{"className":61,"code":30892,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30894,30895],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30896,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30898,9308],{"class":78},[68,30900,203],{"class":114},[68,30902,49],{"class":118},[68,30904,203],{"class":114},[68,30906,503],{"class":78},[68,30908,6045],{"class":160},[68,30910,9338],{"class":78},[93,30912,633,30914,30916],{"id":30913},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30915,14985],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30918,30919,30920,236],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30921,14985],{},[20,30923,30924],{},"It is useful when:",[33,30926,30927,30930,30933],{},[36,30928,30929],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,30931,30932],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,30934,30935],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30937,326],{},[59,30939,30941],{"className":61,"code":30940,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30942,30943,30980,31017,31021,31036],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,30944,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30978],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,30946,13858],{"class":106},[68,30948,111],{"class":110},[68,30950,1221],{"class":78},[68,30952,344],{"class":114},[68,30954,12526],{"class":118},[68,30956,344],{"class":114},[68,30958,503],{"class":78},[68,30960,115],{"class":114},[68,30962,20962],{"class":118},[68,30964,344],{"class":114},[68,30966,472],{"class":78},[68,30968,115],{"class":114},[68,30970,13883],{"class":118},[68,30972,344],{"class":114},[68,30974,503],{"class":78},[68,30976,30977],{"class":160}," 12",[68,30979,9338],{"class":78},[68,30981,30982,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,30983,30984],{"class":106},"new_settings ",[68,30986,111],{"class":110},[68,30988,1221],{"class":78},[68,30990,344],{"class":114},[68,30992,13883],{"class":118},[68,30994,344],{"class":114},[68,30996,503],{"class":78},[68,30998,13890],{"class":160},[68,31000,472],{"class":78},[68,31002,115],{"class":114},[68,31004,20157],{"class":118},[68,31006,344],{"class":114},[68,31008,503],{"class":78},[68,31010,115],{"class":114},[68,31012,20191],{"class":118},[68,31014,344],{"class":114},[68,31016,9338],{"class":78},[68,31018,31019],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31020,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31022,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31034],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31024,13917],{"class":106},[68,31026,236],{"class":78},[68,31028,30499],{"class":138},[68,31030,79],{"class":78},[68,31032,31033],{"class":138},"new_settings",[68,31035,85],{"class":78},[68,31037,31038,31040,31042,31044],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,31039,129],{"class":128},[68,31041,79],{"class":78},[68,31043,13917],{"class":138},[68,31045,85],{"class":78},[20,31047,180],{},[59,31049,31051],{"className":61,"code":31050,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31052,31053],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31054,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31056,9308],{"class":78},[68,31058,203],{"class":114},[68,31060,12526],{"class":118},[68,31062,203],{"class":114},[68,31064,503],{"class":78},[68,31066,197],{"class":114},[68,31068,20962],{"class":118},[68,31070,203],{"class":114},[68,31072,472],{"class":78},[68,31074,197],{"class":114},[68,31076,13883],{"class":118},[68,31078,203],{"class":114},[68,31080,503],{"class":78},[68,31082,13890],{"class":160},[68,31084,472],{"class":78},[68,31086,197],{"class":114},[68,31088,20157],{"class":118},[68,31090,203],{"class":114},[68,31092,503],{"class":78},[68,31094,197],{"class":114},[68,31096,20191],{"class":118},[68,31098,203],{"class":114},[68,31100,9338],{"class":78},[20,31102,13441],{},[33,31104,31105,31110],{},[36,31106,31107,31109],{},[15,31108,13883],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,31111,31112,31114],{},[15,31113,20157],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31116,31117,31118,236],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[49,31119,31121],{"href":31120},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[93,31123,633,31125,31127],{"id":31124},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31126,14985],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31129,31130,31132],{},[15,31131,14985],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31134,31135],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[59,31137,31139],{"className":61,"code":31138,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31140,31141,31161,31196,31200,31214],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31144,5108],{"class":106},[68,31146,111],{"class":110},[68,31148,1221],{"class":78},[68,31150,344],{"class":114},[68,31152,18450],{"class":118},[68,31154,344],{"class":114},[68,31156,503],{"class":78},[68,31158,19932],{"class":160},[68,31160,9338],{"class":78},[68,31162,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31188,31190,31192,31194],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31164,9245],{"class":106},[68,31166,111],{"class":110},[68,31168,9250],{"class":78},[68,31170,344],{"class":114},[68,31172,18459],{"class":118},[68,31174,344],{"class":114},[68,31176,472],{"class":78},[68,31178,13539],{"class":160},[68,31180,9263],{"class":78},[68,31182,9266],{"class":78},[68,31184,344],{"class":114},[68,31186,31187],{"class":118},"english",[68,31189,344],{"class":114},[68,31191,472],{"class":78},[68,31193,28955],{"class":160},[68,31195,9279],{"class":78},[68,31197,31198],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31199,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31201,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31203,16421],{"class":106},[68,31205,236],{"class":78},[68,31207,30499],{"class":138},[68,31209,79],{"class":78},[68,31211,9292],{"class":138},[68,31213,85],{"class":78},[68,31215,31216,31218,31220,31222],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,31217,129],{"class":128},[68,31219,79],{"class":78},[68,31221,16421],{"class":138},[68,31223,85],{"class":78},[20,31225,180],{},[59,31227,31229],{"className":61,"code":31228,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31230,31231],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31232,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31234,9308],{"class":78},[68,31236,203],{"class":114},[68,31238,18450],{"class":118},[68,31240,203],{"class":114},[68,31242,503],{"class":78},[68,31244,19932],{"class":160},[68,31246,472],{"class":78},[68,31248,197],{"class":114},[68,31250,18459],{"class":118},[68,31252,203],{"class":114},[68,31254,503],{"class":78},[68,31256,13539],{"class":160},[68,31258,472],{"class":78},[68,31260,197],{"class":114},[68,31262,31187],{"class":118},[68,31264,203],{"class":114},[68,31266,503],{"class":78},[68,31268,28955],{"class":160},[68,31270,9338],{"class":78},[20,31272,31273],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,31275,31276,31279],{},[36,31277,31278],{},"The key",[36,31280,31281],{},"The value",[20,31283,31284],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31286,31287],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[59,31289,31291],{"className":61,"code":31290,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31292,31293,31313,31338,31342],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31294,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31296,9197],{"class":106},[68,31298,111],{"class":110},[68,31300,1221],{"class":78},[68,31302,344],{"class":114},[68,31304,49],{"class":118},[68,31306,344],{"class":114},[68,31308,503],{"class":78},[68,31310,5539],{"class":160},[68,31312,9338],{"class":78},[68,31314,31315,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31316,31317],{"class":106},"bad_pairs ",[68,31319,111],{"class":110},[68,31321,9250],{"class":78},[68,31323,344],{"class":114},[68,31325,4806],{"class":118},[68,31327,344],{"class":114},[68,31329,472],{"class":78},[68,31331,475],{"class":160},[68,31333,472],{"class":78},[68,31335,480],{"class":160},[68,31337,9279],{"class":78},[68,31339,31340],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31341,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31343,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31355],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31345,9234],{"class":106},[68,31347,236],{"class":78},[68,31349,30499],{"class":138},[68,31351,79],{"class":78},[68,31353,31354],{"class":138},"bad_pairs",[68,31356,85],{"class":78},[20,31358,31359],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31361,31362],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[93,31364,31366],{"id":31365},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31368,31369],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[59,31371,31373],{"className":61,"code":31372,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31374,31375,31399,31431],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31376,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31378,11519],{"class":106},[68,31380,111],{"class":110},[68,31382,1221],{"class":78},[68,31384,344],{"class":114},[68,31386,139],{"class":118},[68,31388,344],{"class":114},[68,31390,503],{"class":78},[68,31392,115],{"class":114},[68,31394,28948],{"class":118},[68,31396,344],{"class":114},[68,31398,9338],{"class":78},[68,31400,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31420,31422,31424,31427,31429],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31402,11613],{"class":106},[68,31404,236],{"class":78},[68,31406,30499],{"class":138},[68,31408,79],{"class":78},[68,31410,395],{"class":9206},[68,31412,111],{"class":110},[68,31414,902],{"class":160},[68,31416,472],{"class":78},[68,31418,31419],{"class":9206}," city",[68,31421,111],{"class":110},[68,31423,344],{"class":114},[68,31425,31426],{"class":118},"Madrid",[68,31428,344],{"class":114},[68,31430,85],{"class":78},[68,31432,31433,31435,31437,31439],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31434,129],{"class":128},[68,31436,79],{"class":78},[68,31438,11613],{"class":138},[68,31440,85],{"class":78},[20,31442,180],{},[59,31444,31446],{"className":61,"code":31445,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31447,31448],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31451,9308],{"class":78},[68,31453,203],{"class":114},[68,31455,139],{"class":118},[68,31457,203],{"class":114},[68,31459,503],{"class":78},[68,31461,197],{"class":114},[68,31463,28948],{"class":118},[68,31465,203],{"class":114},[68,31467,472],{"class":78},[68,31469,197],{"class":114},[68,31471,395],{"class":118},[68,31473,203],{"class":114},[68,31475,503],{"class":78},[68,31477,9335],{"class":160},[68,31479,472],{"class":78},[68,31481,197],{"class":114},[68,31483,10439],{"class":118},[68,31485,203],{"class":114},[68,31487,503],{"class":78},[68,31489,197],{"class":114},[68,31491,31426],{"class":118},[68,31493,203],{"class":114},[68,31495,9338],{"class":78},[20,31497,31498],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31500,31501],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31503,31504],{},"These work:",[33,31506,31507,31511,31515],{},[36,31508,31509],{},[15,31510,395],{},[36,31512,31513],{},[15,31514,10439],{},[36,31516,31517],{},[15,31518,31519],{},"first_name",[20,31521,31522],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,31524,31525,31530],{},[36,31526,31527],{},[15,31528,31529],{},"\"first name\"",[36,31531,31532],{},[15,31533,31534],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31536,31537],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[59,31539,31541],{"className":61,"code":31540,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31542,31543,31551,31591],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31544,31545,31547,31549],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31546,11519],{"class":106},[68,31548,111],{"class":110},[68,31550,9868],{"class":78},[68,31552,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31582,31584,31586,31589],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31554,11613],{"class":106},[68,31556,236],{"class":78},[68,31558,30499],{"class":138},[68,31560,494],{"class":78},[68,31562,344],{"class":114},[68,31564,10542],{"class":118},[68,31566,344],{"class":114},[68,31568,503],{"class":78},[68,31570,115],{"class":114},[68,31572,28948],{"class":118},[68,31574,344],{"class":114},[68,31576,472],{"class":78},[68,31578,115],{"class":114},[68,31580,31581],{"class":118},"user-id",[68,31583,344],{"class":114},[68,31585,503],{"class":78},[68,31587,31588],{"class":160}," 1001",[68,31590,1240],{"class":78},[68,31592,31593,31595,31597,31599],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31594,129],{"class":128},[68,31596,79],{"class":78},[68,31598,11613],{"class":138},[68,31600,85],{"class":78},[93,31602,17451],{"id":17450},[20,31604,31605,1541,31607,236],{},[15,31606,14985],{},[15,31608,3824],{},[20,31610,14081],{},[20,31612,24744],{},[59,31614,31616],{"className":61,"code":31615,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31617,31618,31642,31668,31672,31682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31619,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31621,13237],{"class":106},[68,31623,111],{"class":110},[68,31625,1221],{"class":78},[68,31627,344],{"class":114},[68,31629,139],{"class":118},[68,31631,344],{"class":114},[68,31633,503],{"class":78},[68,31635,115],{"class":114},[68,31637,12913],{"class":118},[68,31639,344],{"class":114},[68,31641,9338],{"class":78},[68,31643,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31645,2297],{"class":106},[68,31647,111],{"class":110},[68,31649,13280],{"class":106},[68,31651,236],{"class":78},[68,31653,30499],{"class":138},[68,31655,494],{"class":78},[68,31657,344],{"class":114},[68,31659,395],{"class":118},[68,31661,344],{"class":114},[68,31663,503],{"class":78},[68,31665,7828],{"class":160},[68,31667,1240],{"class":78},[68,31669,31670],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31671,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31673,31674,31676,31678,31680],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31675,129],{"class":128},[68,31677,79],{"class":78},[68,31679,2331],{"class":138},[68,31681,85],{"class":78},[68,31683,31684,31686,31688,31690],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,31685,129],{"class":128},[68,31687,79],{"class":78},[68,31689,17339],{"class":138},[68,31691,85],{"class":78},[20,31693,180],{},[59,31695,31697],{"className":61,"code":31696,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31698,31699,31703],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31700,31701],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31702,11840],{"class":526},[68,31704,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31706,9308],{"class":78},[68,31708,203],{"class":114},[68,31710,139],{"class":118},[68,31712,203],{"class":114},[68,31714,503],{"class":78},[68,31716,197],{"class":114},[68,31718,12913],{"class":118},[68,31720,203],{"class":114},[68,31722,472],{"class":78},[68,31724,197],{"class":114},[68,31726,395],{"class":118},[68,31728,203],{"class":114},[68,31730,503],{"class":78},[68,31732,7828],{"class":160},[68,31734,9338],{"class":78},[20,31736,16688],{},[59,31738,31740],{"className":61,"code":31739,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31741,31742,31766,31788,31792],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31743,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31745,13237],{"class":106},[68,31747,111],{"class":110},[68,31749,1221],{"class":78},[68,31751,344],{"class":114},[68,31753,139],{"class":118},[68,31755,344],{"class":114},[68,31757,503],{"class":78},[68,31759,115],{"class":114},[68,31761,12913],{"class":118},[68,31763,344],{"class":114},[68,31765,9338],{"class":78},[68,31767,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31769,17339],{"class":106},[68,31771,236],{"class":78},[68,31773,30499],{"class":138},[68,31775,494],{"class":78},[68,31777,344],{"class":114},[68,31779,395],{"class":118},[68,31781,344],{"class":114},[68,31783,503],{"class":78},[68,31785,7828],{"class":160},[68,31787,1240],{"class":78},[68,31789,31790],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31791,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31795,129],{"class":128},[68,31797,79],{"class":78},[68,31799,17339],{"class":138},[68,31801,85],{"class":78},[20,31803,180],{},[59,31805,31807],{"className":61,"code":31806,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31808,31809],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31810,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31812,9308],{"class":78},[68,31814,203],{"class":114},[68,31816,139],{"class":118},[68,31818,203],{"class":114},[68,31820,503],{"class":78},[68,31822,197],{"class":114},[68,31824,12913],{"class":118},[68,31826,203],{"class":114},[68,31828,472],{"class":78},[68,31830,197],{"class":114},[68,31832,395],{"class":118},[68,31834,203],{"class":114},[68,31836,503],{"class":78},[68,31838,7828],{"class":160},[68,31840,9338],{"class":78},[20,31842,31843,31844,236],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[49,31845,17937],{"href":10760},[93,31847,1311,31849],{"id":31848},"when-to-use-update",[15,31850,14985],{},[20,31852,224,31853,10630],{},[15,31854,14985],{},[33,31856,31857,31860,31863,31866],{},[36,31858,31859],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,31861,31862],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,31864,31865],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,31867,31868],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31870,31871],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[59,31873,31875],{"className":61,"code":31874,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31876,31877,31913,31928,31932,31971,31975,31985],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,31878,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,31880,12118],{"class":106},[68,31882,111],{"class":110},[68,31884,1221],{"class":78},[68,31886,344],{"class":114},[68,31888,139],{"class":118},[68,31890,344],{"class":114},[68,31892,503],{"class":78},[68,31894,115],{"class":114},[68,31896,12913],{"class":118},[68,31898,344],{"class":114},[68,31900,472],{"class":78},[68,31902,115],{"class":114},[68,31904,395],{"class":118},[68,31906,344],{"class":114},[68,31908,503],{"class":78},[68,31910,7828],{"class":160},[68,31912,9338],{"class":78},[68,31914,31915,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,31916,31917],{"class":106},"updated ",[68,31919,111],{"class":110},[68,31921,12193],{"class":106},[68,31923,236],{"class":78},[68,31925,12944],{"class":138},[68,31927,8677],{"class":78},[68,31929,31930],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,31931,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31933,31934,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,31935,31936],{"class":106},"updated",[68,31938,236],{"class":78},[68,31940,30499],{"class":138},[68,31942,494],{"class":78},[68,31944,344],{"class":114},[68,31946,395],{"class":118},[68,31948,344],{"class":114},[68,31950,503],{"class":78},[68,31952,30512],{"class":160},[68,31954,472],{"class":78},[68,31956,115],{"class":114},[68,31958,10439],{"class":118},[68,31960,344],{"class":114},[68,31962,503],{"class":78},[68,31964,115],{"class":114},[68,31966,16063],{"class":118},[68,31968,344],{"class":114},[68,31970,1240],{"class":78},[68,31972,31973],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,31974,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,31976,31977,31979,31981,31983],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,31978,129],{"class":128},[68,31980,79],{"class":78},[68,31982,12165],{"class":138},[68,31984,85],{"class":78},[68,31986,31987,31989,31991,31993],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,31988,129],{"class":128},[68,31990,79],{"class":78},[68,31992,31936],{"class":138},[68,31994,85],{"class":78},[20,31996,180],{},[59,31998,32000],{"className":61,"code":31999,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32001,32002,32034],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32003,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32005,9308],{"class":78},[68,32007,203],{"class":114},[68,32009,139],{"class":118},[68,32011,203],{"class":114},[68,32013,503],{"class":78},[68,32015,197],{"class":114},[68,32017,12913],{"class":118},[68,32019,203],{"class":114},[68,32021,472],{"class":78},[68,32023,197],{"class":114},[68,32025,395],{"class":118},[68,32027,203],{"class":114},[68,32029,503],{"class":78},[68,32031,7828],{"class":160},[68,32033,9338],{"class":78},[68,32035,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32037,9308],{"class":78},[68,32039,203],{"class":114},[68,32041,139],{"class":118},[68,32043,203],{"class":114},[68,32045,503],{"class":78},[68,32047,197],{"class":114},[68,32049,12913],{"class":118},[68,32051,203],{"class":114},[68,32053,472],{"class":78},[68,32055,197],{"class":114},[68,32057,395],{"class":118},[68,32059,203],{"class":114},[68,32061,503],{"class":78},[68,32063,30512],{"class":160},[68,32065,472],{"class":78},[68,32067,197],{"class":114},[68,32069,10439],{"class":118},[68,32071,203],{"class":114},[68,32073,503],{"class":78},[68,32075,197],{"class":114},[68,32077,16063],{"class":118},[68,32079,203],{"class":114},[68,32081,9338],{"class":78},[20,32083,32084,32085,236],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[49,32086,16630],{"href":16629},[93,32088,1750],{"id":1749},[20,32090,10777,32091,503],{},[15,32092,14985],{},[33,32094,32095,32102,32106,32109,32112],{},[36,32096,12626,32097,32099,32100],{},[15,32098,14985],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32101,3824],{},[36,32103,1770,32104,12634],{},[15,32105,14985],{},[36,32107,32108],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,32110,32111],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,32113,32114],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32116,32117],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[59,32119,32121],{"className":61,"code":32120,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32122,32123,32133,32147,32161,32183],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32124,32125,32127,32129,32131],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32126,129],{"class":128},[68,32128,79],{"class":78},[68,32130,11480],{"class":138},[68,32132,85],{"class":78},[68,32134,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32136,129],{"class":128},[68,32138,79],{"class":78},[68,32140,75],{"class":74},[68,32142,79],{"class":78},[68,32144,9234],{"class":138},[68,32146,142],{"class":78},[68,32148,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,32150,129],{"class":128},[68,32152,79],{"class":78},[68,32154,274],{"class":74},[68,32156,79],{"class":78},[68,32158,9234],{"class":138},[68,32160,142],{"class":78},[68,32162,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,32164,129],{"class":128},[68,32166,79],{"class":78},[68,32168,11480],{"class":138},[68,32170,236],{"class":78},[68,32172,19784],{"class":138},[68,32174,79],{"class":78},[68,32176,203],{"class":114},[68,32178,14873],{"class":118},[68,32180,203],{"class":114},[68,32182,142],{"class":78},[68,32184,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,32186,1850],{"class":128},[68,32188,79],{"class":78},[68,32190,280],{"class":74},[68,32192,236],{"class":78},[68,32194,30499],{"class":1267},[68,32196,85],{"class":78},[20,32198,32199],{},"These can help you check:",[33,32201,32202,32205,32210,32213,32216],{},[36,32203,32204],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,32206,32207,32208],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32209,14985],{},[36,32211,32212],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,32214,32215],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,32217,32218],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32220,32221,32222,236],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[49,32223,11292],{"href":11104},[93,32225,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,32227,12736,32229,32231],{"id":32228},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32230,14985],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32233,32234,32235,236],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32236,3824],{},[1470,32238,12736,32240,32242],{"id":32239},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32241,14985],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32244,32245],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1470,32247,1939,32249,32251],{"id":32248},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32250,14985],{}," add new keys?",[20,32253,32254],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1470,32256,28363,32258,32260],{"id":32257},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32259,14985],{}," with a list?",[20,32262,32263,32264,236],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32265,11124],{},[1470,32267,5221,32269,32271],{"id":32268},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32270,14985],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32273,32274,32275,32277],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32276,14985],{}," can change many keys at once.",[93,32279,1952],{"id":1951},[33,32281,32282,32286,32290,32295,32299],{},[36,32283,32284],{},[49,32285,26129],{"href":9420},[36,32287,32288],{},[49,32289,11281],{"href":10760},[36,32291,32292],{},[49,32293,32294],{"href":31120},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,32296,32297],{},[49,32298,21492],{"href":16629},[36,32300,32301],{},[49,32302,11292],{"href":11104},[1995,32304,32305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":32307},[32308,32309,32311,32312,32314,32316,32317,32318,32320,32321,32333],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":30553,"depth":125,"text":32310},"What update() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":30913,"depth":125,"text":32313},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31124,"depth":125,"text":32315},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31365,"depth":125,"text":31366},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":31848,"depth":125,"text":32319},"When to use update()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":32322},[32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"id":32228,"depth":145,"text":32324},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32239,"depth":145,"text":32326},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32248,"depth":145,"text":32328},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32257,"depth":145,"text":32330},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32268,"depth":145,"text":32332},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30432,"description":32334},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32340,"title":32341,"body":32342,"description":34330,"extension":2033,"meta":34331,"navigation":148,"path":22930,"seo":34332,"stem":34333,"__hash__":34334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32343,"toc":34293},[32344,32349,32355,32358,32360,32459,32461,32516,32521,32526,32540,32545,32547,32562,32564,32578,32591,32596,32602,32609,32611,32718,32720,32769,32775,32850,32852,32873,32875,32878,32983,32985,33040,33042,33070,33074,33079,33158,33160,33180,33182,33193,33203,33207,33212,33316,33318,33343,33346,33357,33362,33371,33374,33391,33393,33480,33482,33545,33547,33570,33572,33577,33583,33588,33590,33629,33635,33638,33657,33668,33674,33677,33750,33752,33771,33776,33779,33802,33808,33811,33875,33878,33955,33962,33965,34024,34030,34032,34051,34055,34058,34109,34112,34132,34134,34195,34197,34202,34207,34212,34217,34222,34227,34233,34236,34245,34253,34255,34290],[10,32345,11348,32347,11352],{"id":32346},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32348,17104],{},[20,32350,22,32351,32354],{},[15,32352,32353],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32356,32357],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[93,32359,2075],{"id":2074},[59,32361,32363],{"className":61,"code":32362,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32364,32365,32417,32431,32435,32445],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32366,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32368,12896],{"class":106},[68,32370,111],{"class":110},[68,32372,1221],{"class":78},[68,32374,344],{"class":114},[68,32376,139],{"class":118},[68,32378,344],{"class":114},[68,32380,503],{"class":78},[68,32382,115],{"class":114},[68,32384,12913],{"class":118},[68,32386,344],{"class":114},[68,32388,472],{"class":78},[68,32390,115],{"class":114},[68,32392,395],{"class":118},[68,32394,344],{"class":114},[68,32396,503],{"class":78},[68,32398,7828],{"class":160},[68,32400,472],{"class":78},[68,32402,115],{"class":114},[68,32404,10439],{"class":118},[68,32406,344],{"class":114},[68,32408,503],{"class":78},[68,32410,115],{"class":114},[68,32412,16063],{"class":118},[68,32414,344],{"class":114},[68,32416,9338],{"class":78},[68,32418,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32420,3869],{"class":106},[68,32422,111],{"class":110},[68,32424,12939],{"class":106},[68,32426,236],{"class":78},[68,32428,5401],{"class":138},[68,32430,8677],{"class":78},[68,32432,32433],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,32434,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32436,32437,32439,32441,32443],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,32438,129],{"class":128},[68,32440,79],{"class":78},[68,32442,5401],{"class":138},[68,32444,85],{"class":78},[68,32446,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,32448,129],{"class":128},[68,32450,79],{"class":78},[68,32452,274],{"class":74},[68,32454,79],{"class":78},[68,32456,5401],{"class":138},[68,32458,142],{"class":78},[20,32460,180],{},[59,32462,32464],{"className":61,"code":32463,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32465,32466,32492],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32467,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32469,17070],{"class":138},[68,32471,466],{"class":78},[68,32473,203],{"class":114},[68,32475,12913],{"class":118},[68,32477,203],{"class":114},[68,32479,472],{"class":78},[68,32481,7828],{"class":160},[68,32483,472],{"class":78},[68,32485,197],{"class":114},[68,32487,16063],{"class":118},[68,32489,203],{"class":114},[68,32491,3933],{"class":78},[68,32493,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32495,795],{"class":78},[68,32497,203],{"class":114},[68,32499,12913],{"class":118},[68,32501,203],{"class":114},[68,32503,472],{"class":78},[68,32505,7828],{"class":160},[68,32507,472],{"class":78},[68,32509,197],{"class":114},[68,32511,16063],{"class":118},[68,32513,203],{"class":114},[68,32515,730],{"class":78},[20,32517,32518,32520],{},[15,32519,17104],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[93,32522,3722,32524,3725],{"id":32523},"what-values-does",[15,32525,17104],{},[33,32527,32528,32531,32534,32537],{},[36,32529,32530],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,32532,32533],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,32535,32536],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,32538,32539],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32541,32542,32543,236],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[49,32544,9421],{"href":9420},[93,32546,303],{"id":302},[59,32548,32550],{"className":61,"code":32549,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32551,32552],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32553,32554,32556,32558,32560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32555,11480],{"class":106},[68,32557,236],{"class":78},[68,32559,5401],{"class":138},[68,32561,8677],{"class":78},[20,32563,13084],{},[33,32565,32566,32570,32573],{},[36,32567,32568,11496],{},[15,32569,17104],{},[36,32571,32572],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,32574,32575,32576],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32577,17104],{},[20,32579,32580,32581,232,32586,236],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[49,32582,32583,32585],{"href":17095},[15,32584,17098],{}," for dictionary keys",[49,32587,32588,32590],{"href":17107},[15,32589,17110],{}," for key-value pairs",[93,32592,3722,32594,11737],{"id":32593},"what-values-returns",[15,32595,17104],{},[20,32597,32598,22010,32600,24799],{},[15,32599,17104],{},[15,32601,17070],{},[20,32603,32604,32605,32608],{},"This object is a ",[1301,32606,32607],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32610,326],{},[59,32612,32614],{"className":61,"code":32613,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32615,32616,32652,32656,32671,32682,32686,32708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32617,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32619,13237],{"class":106},[68,32621,111],{"class":110},[68,32623,1221],{"class":78},[68,32625,344],{"class":114},[68,32627,139],{"class":118},[68,32629,344],{"class":114},[68,32631,503],{"class":78},[68,32633,115],{"class":114},[68,32635,7959],{"class":118},[68,32637,344],{"class":114},[68,32639,472],{"class":78},[68,32641,115],{"class":114},[68,32643,395],{"class":118},[68,32645,344],{"class":114},[68,32647,503],{"class":78},[68,32649,9335],{"class":160},[68,32651,9338],{"class":78},[68,32653,32654],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32655,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32657,32658,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,32659,32660],{"class":106},"values_view ",[68,32662,111],{"class":110},[68,32664,13280],{"class":106},[68,32666,236],{"class":78},[68,32668,5401],{"class":138},[68,32670,8677],{"class":78},[68,32672,32673,32675,32677,32680],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,32674,129],{"class":128},[68,32676,79],{"class":78},[68,32678,32679],{"class":138},"values_view",[68,32681,85],{"class":78},[68,32683,32684],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,32685,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32687,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,32689,17339],{"class":106},[68,32691,795],{"class":78},[68,32693,344],{"class":114},[68,32695,10439],{"class":118},[68,32697,344],{"class":114},[68,32699,800],{"class":78},[68,32701,13308],{"class":110},[68,32703,115],{"class":114},[68,32705,30677],{"class":118},[68,32707,122],{"class":114},[68,32709,32710,32712,32714,32716],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,32711,129],{"class":128},[68,32713,79],{"class":78},[68,32715,32679],{"class":138},[68,32717,85],{"class":78},[20,32719,180],{},[59,32721,32723],{"className":61,"code":32722,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32724,32725,32743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32726,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32728,17070],{"class":138},[68,32730,466],{"class":78},[68,32732,203],{"class":114},[68,32734,7959],{"class":118},[68,32736,203],{"class":114},[68,32738,472],{"class":78},[68,32740,9335],{"class":160},[68,32742,3933],{"class":78},[68,32744,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32746,17070],{"class":138},[68,32748,466],{"class":78},[68,32750,203],{"class":114},[68,32752,7959],{"class":118},[68,32754,203],{"class":114},[68,32756,472],{"class":78},[68,32758,9335],{"class":160},[68,32760,472],{"class":78},[68,32762,197],{"class":114},[68,32764,30677],{"class":118},[68,32766,203],{"class":114},[68,32768,3933],{"class":78},[20,32770,32771,32772,236],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32773,32774],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[59,32776,32778],{"className":61,"code":32777,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32779,32780,32816,32835,32839],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32781,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32783,13237],{"class":106},[68,32785,111],{"class":110},[68,32787,1221],{"class":78},[68,32789,344],{"class":114},[68,32791,139],{"class":118},[68,32793,344],{"class":114},[68,32795,503],{"class":78},[68,32797,115],{"class":114},[68,32799,7959],{"class":118},[68,32801,344],{"class":114},[68,32803,472],{"class":78},[68,32805,115],{"class":114},[68,32807,395],{"class":118},[68,32809,344],{"class":114},[68,32811,503],{"class":78},[68,32813,9335],{"class":160},[68,32815,9338],{"class":78},[68,32817,32818,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32819,32820],{"class":106},"values_list ",[68,32822,111],{"class":110},[68,32824,22595],{"class":74},[68,32826,79],{"class":78},[68,32828,17339],{"class":138},[68,32830,236],{"class":78},[68,32832,5401],{"class":138},[68,32834,7231],{"class":78},[68,32836,32837],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,32838,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32840,32841,32843,32845,32848],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,32842,129],{"class":128},[68,32844,79],{"class":78},[68,32846,32847],{"class":138},"values_list",[68,32849,85],{"class":78},[20,32851,180],{},[59,32853,32855],{"className":61,"code":32854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32856,32857],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32858,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32860,795],{"class":78},[68,32862,203],{"class":114},[68,32864,7959],{"class":118},[68,32866,203],{"class":114},[68,32868,472],{"class":78},[68,32870,9335],{"class":160},[68,32872,730],{"class":78},[93,32874,11506],{"id":11505},[20,32876,32877],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[59,32879,32881],{"className":61,"code":32880,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32882,32883,32937,32941,32955,32959,32969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32884,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32918,32920,32922,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32886,24831],{"class":106},[68,32888,111],{"class":110},[68,32890,1221],{"class":78},[68,32892,344],{"class":114},[68,32894,24840],{"class":118},[68,32896,344],{"class":114},[68,32898,503],{"class":78},[68,32900,115],{"class":114},[68,32902,24849],{"class":118},[68,32904,344],{"class":114},[68,32906,472],{"class":78},[68,32908,115],{"class":114},[68,32910,24858],{"class":118},[68,32912,344],{"class":114},[68,32914,503],{"class":78},[68,32916,32917],{"class":160}," 2022",[68,32919,472],{"class":78},[68,32921,115],{"class":114},[68,32923,32924],{"class":118},"color",[68,32926,344],{"class":114},[68,32928,503],{"class":78},[68,32930,115],{"class":114},[68,32932,13142],{"class":118},[68,32934,344],{"class":114},[68,32936,9338],{"class":78},[68,32938,32939],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,32940,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32942,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,32944,2297],{"class":106},[68,32946,111],{"class":110},[68,32948,24880],{"class":106},[68,32950,236],{"class":78},[68,32952,5401],{"class":138},[68,32954,8677],{"class":78},[68,32956,32957],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,32958,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,32960,32961,32963,32965,32967],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,32962,129],{"class":128},[68,32964,79],{"class":78},[68,32966,2331],{"class":138},[68,32968,85],{"class":78},[68,32970,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,32972,129],{"class":128},[68,32974,79],{"class":78},[68,32976,274],{"class":74},[68,32978,79],{"class":78},[68,32980,2331],{"class":138},[68,32982,142],{"class":78},[20,32984,180],{},[59,32986,32988],{"className":61,"code":32987,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32989,32990,33016],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,32991,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,32993,17070],{"class":138},[68,32995,466],{"class":78},[68,32997,203],{"class":114},[68,32999,24849],{"class":118},[68,33001,203],{"class":114},[68,33003,472],{"class":78},[68,33005,32917],{"class":160},[68,33007,472],{"class":78},[68,33009,197],{"class":114},[68,33011,13142],{"class":118},[68,33013,203],{"class":114},[68,33015,3933],{"class":78},[68,33017,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33019,795],{"class":78},[68,33021,203],{"class":114},[68,33023,24849],{"class":118},[68,33025,203],{"class":114},[68,33027,472],{"class":78},[68,33029,32917],{"class":160},[68,33031,472],{"class":78},[68,33033,197],{"class":114},[68,33035,13142],{"class":118},[68,33037,203],{"class":114},[68,33039,730],{"class":78},[20,33041,11715],{},[33,33043,33044,33050,33056,33064],{},[36,33045,33046,33049],{},[15,33047,33048],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,33051,33052,33055],{},[15,33053,33054],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,33057,33058,33061,33062,24653],{},[15,33059,33060],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33063,17070],{},[36,33065,33066,33069],{},[15,33067,33068],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[93,33071,33073],{"id":33072},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33075,33076,33077,26098],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33078,5998],{},[59,33080,33082],{"className":61,"code":33081,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33083,33084,33128,33132,33148],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33085,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33087,5108],{"class":106},[68,33089,111],{"class":110},[68,33091,1221],{"class":78},[68,33093,344],{"class":114},[68,33095,18450],{"class":118},[68,33097,344],{"class":114},[68,33099,503],{"class":78},[68,33101,19932],{"class":160},[68,33103,472],{"class":78},[68,33105,115],{"class":114},[68,33107,31187],{"class":118},[68,33109,344],{"class":114},[68,33111,503],{"class":78},[68,33113,13539],{"class":160},[68,33115,472],{"class":78},[68,33117,115],{"class":114},[68,33119,18459],{"class":118},[68,33121,344],{"class":114},[68,33123,503],{"class":78},[68,33125,28955],{"class":160},[68,33127,9338],{"class":78},[68,33129,33130],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33131,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33133,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33135,5998],{"class":1098},[68,33137,21619],{"class":106},[68,33139,3927],{"class":1098},[68,33141,5155],{"class":106},[68,33143,236],{"class":78},[68,33145,5401],{"class":138},[68,33147,21630],{"class":78},[68,33149,33150,33152,33154,33156],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33151,1118],{"class":128},[68,33153,79],{"class":78},[68,33155,665],{"class":138},[68,33157,85],{"class":78},[20,33159,180],{},[59,33161,33163],{"className":61,"code":33162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33164,33165,33170,33175],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33166,33167],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33168,33169],{"class":160},"90\n",[68,33171,33172],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33173,33174],{"class":160},"85\n",[68,33176,33177],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33178,33179],{"class":160},"88\n",[20,33181,17743],{},[33,33183,33184,33187,33190],{},[36,33185,33186],{},"You only need the values",[36,33188,33189],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,33191,33192],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33194,33195,33196,384,33200,236],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[49,33197,10766,33198,10770],{"href":17107},[15,33199,17110],{},[49,33201,22510],{"href":33202},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[93,33204,33206],{"id":33205},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33208,224,33209,33211],{},[15,33210,32774],{}," when you need a list.",[59,33213,33215],{"className":61,"code":33214,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33216,33217,33263,33267,33287,33291,33302],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33218,33219,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33255,33257,33259,33261],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33220,33221],{"class":106},"fruit_prices ",[68,33223,111],{"class":110},[68,33225,1221],{"class":78},[68,33227,344],{"class":114},[68,33229,4123],{"class":118},[68,33231,344],{"class":114},[68,33233,503],{"class":78},[68,33235,475],{"class":160},[68,33237,472],{"class":78},[68,33239,115],{"class":114},[68,33241,4132],{"class":118},[68,33243,344],{"class":114},[68,33245,503],{"class":78},[68,33247,5539],{"class":160},[68,33249,472],{"class":78},[68,33251,115],{"class":114},[68,33253,33254],{"class":118},"orange",[68,33256,344],{"class":114},[68,33258,503],{"class":78},[68,33260,480],{"class":160},[68,33262,9338],{"class":78},[68,33264,33265],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33266,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33268,33269,33272,33274,33276,33278,33281,33283,33285],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33270,33271],{"class":106},"price_list ",[68,33273,111],{"class":110},[68,33275,22595],{"class":74},[68,33277,79],{"class":78},[68,33279,33280],{"class":138},"fruit_prices",[68,33282,236],{"class":78},[68,33284,5401],{"class":138},[68,33286,7231],{"class":78},[68,33288,33289],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33290,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33292,33293,33295,33297,33300],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,33294,129],{"class":128},[68,33296,79],{"class":78},[68,33298,33299],{"class":138},"price_list",[68,33301,85],{"class":78},[68,33303,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,33305,129],{"class":128},[68,33307,79],{"class":78},[68,33309,33299],{"class":138},[68,33311,795],{"class":78},[68,33313,2192],{"class":160},[68,33315,3933],{"class":78},[20,33317,180],{},[59,33319,33321],{"className":61,"code":33320,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33322,33323,33339],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33324,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33326,795],{"class":78},[68,33328,2129],{"class":160},[68,33330,472],{"class":78},[68,33332,5539],{"class":160},[68,33334,472],{"class":78},[68,33336,480],{"class":160},[68,33338,730],{"class":78},[68,33340,33341],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33342,17089],{"class":160},[20,33344,33345],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,33347,33348,33351,33354],{},[36,33349,33350],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,33352,33353],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,33355,33356],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33358,3969,33359,33361],{},[15,33360,17070],{}," is not the same as a list.",[93,33363,33365,969,33367,969,33369],{"id":33364},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33366,17104],{},[15,33368,17098],{},[15,33370,17110],{},[20,33372,33373],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,33375,33376,33381,33386],{},[36,33377,33378,33380],{},[15,33379,17104],{}," returns only the values",[36,33382,33383,33385],{},[15,33384,17098],{}," returns only the keys",[36,33387,33388,33390],{},[15,33389,17110],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33392,2198],{},[59,33394,33396],{"className":61,"code":33395,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33397,33398,33434,33438,33452,33466],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33399,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33401,12896],{"class":106},[68,33403,111],{"class":110},[68,33405,1221],{"class":78},[68,33407,344],{"class":114},[68,33409,139],{"class":118},[68,33411,344],{"class":114},[68,33413,503],{"class":78},[68,33415,115],{"class":114},[68,33417,12913],{"class":118},[68,33419,344],{"class":114},[68,33421,472],{"class":78},[68,33423,115],{"class":114},[68,33425,395],{"class":118},[68,33427,344],{"class":114},[68,33429,503],{"class":78},[68,33431,7828],{"class":160},[68,33433,9338],{"class":78},[68,33435,33436],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33437,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33439,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33441,129],{"class":128},[68,33443,79],{"class":78},[68,33445,13658],{"class":138},[68,33447,236],{"class":78},[68,33449,16956],{"class":138},[68,33451,7231],{"class":78},[68,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33455,129],{"class":128},[68,33457,79],{"class":78},[68,33459,13658],{"class":138},[68,33461,236],{"class":78},[68,33463,5401],{"class":138},[68,33465,7231],{"class":78},[68,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,33469,129],{"class":128},[68,33471,79],{"class":78},[68,33473,13658],{"class":138},[68,33475,236],{"class":78},[68,33477,7848],{"class":138},[68,33479,7231],{"class":78},[20,33481,180],{},[59,33483,33485],{"className":61,"code":33484,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33486,33487,33509,33527],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33490,17047],{"class":138},[68,33492,466],{"class":78},[68,33494,203],{"class":114},[68,33496,139],{"class":118},[68,33498,203],{"class":114},[68,33500,472],{"class":78},[68,33502,197],{"class":114},[68,33504,395],{"class":118},[68,33506,203],{"class":114},[68,33508,3933],{"class":78},[68,33510,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33512,17070],{"class":138},[68,33514,466],{"class":78},[68,33516,203],{"class":114},[68,33518,12913],{"class":118},[68,33520,203],{"class":114},[68,33522,472],{"class":78},[68,33524,7828],{"class":160},[68,33526,3933],{"class":78},[68,33528,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33530,21943],{"class":138},[68,33532,9687],{"class":78},[68,33534,203],{"class":114},[68,33536,139],{"class":118},[68,33538,203],{"class":114},[68,33540,472],{"class":78},[68,33542,7828],{"class":160},[68,33544,10708],{"class":78},[20,33546,18728],{},[33,33548,33549,33556,33563],{},[36,33550,33551,33555],{},[49,33552,33553],{"href":17095},[15,33554,17098],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,33557,33558,33562],{},[49,33559,33560],{"href":17101},[15,33561,17104],{}," when you need just the values",[36,33564,33565,33569],{},[49,33566,33567],{"href":17107},[15,33568,17110],{}," when you need both",[93,33571,4563],{"id":4562},[20,33573,33574,33575,236],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33576,17104],{},[1470,33578,29684,33580,33582],{"id":33579},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33581,17104],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33584,33585,33587],{},[15,33586,17104],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33589,16676],{},[59,33591,33593],{"className":61,"code":33592,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33594,33595,33615],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33598,8343],{"class":106},[68,33600,111],{"class":110},[68,33602,725],{"class":78},[68,33604,469],{"class":160},[68,33606,472],{"class":78},[68,33608,475],{"class":160},[68,33610,472],{"class":78},[68,33612,480],{"class":160},[68,33614,730],{"class":78},[68,33616,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33618,129],{"class":128},[68,33620,79],{"class":78},[68,33622,8374],{"class":138},[68,33624,236],{"class":78},[68,33626,5401],{"class":138},[68,33628,7231],{"class":78},[20,33630,33631,33632,33634],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33633,17104],{}," method.",[20,33636,33637],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[59,33639,33641],{"className":61,"code":33640,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33642,33643],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33644,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33646,129],{"class":128},[68,33648,79],{"class":78},[68,33650,75],{"class":74},[68,33652,79],{"class":78},[68,33654,8374],{"class":138},[68,33656,142],{"class":78},[20,33658,33659,33660,33662,33663,236],{},"If you get an ",[15,33661,25705],{},", see ",[49,33664,25713,33665,33667],{"href":25712},[15,33666,25716],{}," errors",[1470,33669,4624,33671,33673],{"id":33670},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33672,17104],{}," returns a list",[20,33675,33676],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[59,33678,33680],{"className":61,"code":33679,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33681,33682,33718,33732,33736],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33683,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33685,12896],{"class":106},[68,33687,111],{"class":110},[68,33689,1221],{"class":78},[68,33691,344],{"class":114},[68,33693,139],{"class":118},[68,33695,344],{"class":114},[68,33697,503],{"class":78},[68,33699,115],{"class":114},[68,33701,12913],{"class":118},[68,33703,344],{"class":114},[68,33705,472],{"class":78},[68,33707,115],{"class":114},[68,33709,395],{"class":118},[68,33711,344],{"class":114},[68,33713,503],{"class":78},[68,33715,7828],{"class":160},[68,33717,9338],{"class":78},[68,33719,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33721,3869],{"class":106},[68,33723,111],{"class":110},[68,33725,12939],{"class":106},[68,33727,236],{"class":78},[68,33729,5401],{"class":138},[68,33731,8677],{"class":78},[68,33733,33734],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33735,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33737,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33739,129],{"class":128},[68,33741,79],{"class":78},[68,33743,75],{"class":74},[68,33745,79],{"class":78},[68,33747,5401],{"class":138},[68,33749,142],{"class":78},[20,33751,180],{},[59,33753,33755],{"className":61,"code":33754,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33756,33757],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33758,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33760,190],{"class":110},[68,33762,194],{"class":193},[68,33764,197],{"class":114},[68,33766,17070],{"class":118},[68,33768,203],{"class":114},[68,33770,206],{"class":110},[20,33772,5191,33773,33775],{},[15,33774,17070],{},", not a list.",[20,33777,33778],{},"If you need a list:",[59,33780,33782],{"className":61,"code":33781,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33783,33784],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33785,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33787,3869],{"class":106},[68,33789,111],{"class":110},[68,33791,22595],{"class":74},[68,33793,79],{"class":78},[68,33795,13658],{"class":138},[68,33797,236],{"class":78},[68,33799,5401],{"class":138},[68,33801,7231],{"class":78},[1470,33803,33805,33806],{"id":33804},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33807,17070],{},[20,33809,33810],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[59,33812,33814],{"className":61,"code":33813,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33815,33816,33852,33866,33870],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33817,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33819,12896],{"class":106},[68,33821,111],{"class":110},[68,33823,1221],{"class":78},[68,33825,344],{"class":114},[68,33827,139],{"class":118},[68,33829,344],{"class":114},[68,33831,503],{"class":78},[68,33833,115],{"class":114},[68,33835,12913],{"class":118},[68,33837,344],{"class":114},[68,33839,472],{"class":78},[68,33841,115],{"class":114},[68,33843,395],{"class":118},[68,33845,344],{"class":114},[68,33847,503],{"class":78},[68,33849,7828],{"class":160},[68,33851,9338],{"class":78},[68,33853,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33855,3869],{"class":106},[68,33857,111],{"class":110},[68,33859,12939],{"class":106},[68,33861,236],{"class":78},[68,33863,5401],{"class":138},[68,33865,8677],{"class":78},[68,33867,33868],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33869,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33871,33872],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33873,33874],{"class":3708},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33876,33877],{},"Convert to a list first:",[59,33879,33881],{"className":61,"code":33880,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33882,33883,33919,33937,33941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33884,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33886,12896],{"class":106},[68,33888,111],{"class":110},[68,33890,1221],{"class":78},[68,33892,344],{"class":114},[68,33894,139],{"class":118},[68,33896,344],{"class":114},[68,33898,503],{"class":78},[68,33900,115],{"class":114},[68,33902,12913],{"class":118},[68,33904,344],{"class":114},[68,33906,472],{"class":78},[68,33908,115],{"class":114},[68,33910,395],{"class":118},[68,33912,344],{"class":114},[68,33914,503],{"class":78},[68,33916,7828],{"class":160},[68,33918,9338],{"class":78},[68,33920,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,33922,3869],{"class":106},[68,33924,111],{"class":110},[68,33926,22595],{"class":74},[68,33928,79],{"class":78},[68,33930,13658],{"class":138},[68,33932,236],{"class":78},[68,33934,5401],{"class":138},[68,33936,7231],{"class":78},[68,33938,33939],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,33940,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,33944,129],{"class":128},[68,33946,79],{"class":78},[68,33948,5401],{"class":138},[68,33950,795],{"class":78},[68,33952,2192],{"class":160},[68,33954,3933],{"class":78},[1470,33956,633,33958,1776,33960],{"id":33957},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33959,5401],{},[15,33961,17104],{},[20,33963,33964],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[59,33966,33968],{"className":61,"code":33967,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33969,33970,34006,34010],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,33971,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,33973,12896],{"class":106},[68,33975,111],{"class":110},[68,33977,1221],{"class":78},[68,33979,344],{"class":114},[68,33981,139],{"class":118},[68,33983,344],{"class":114},[68,33985,503],{"class":78},[68,33987,115],{"class":114},[68,33989,12913],{"class":118},[68,33991,344],{"class":114},[68,33993,472],{"class":78},[68,33995,115],{"class":114},[68,33997,395],{"class":118},[68,33999,344],{"class":114},[68,34001,503],{"class":78},[68,34003,7828],{"class":160},[68,34005,9338],{"class":78},[68,34007,34008],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34009,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,34011,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,34013,129],{"class":128},[68,34015,79],{"class":78},[68,34017,13658],{"class":138},[68,34019,236],{"class":78},[68,34021,5401],{"class":1267},[68,34023,85],{"class":78},[20,34025,34026,34029],{},[15,34027,34028],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34031,18728],{},[59,34033,34035],{"className":61,"code":34034,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34036,34037],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34038,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34040,129],{"class":128},[68,34042,79],{"class":78},[68,34044,13658],{"class":138},[68,34046,236],{"class":78},[68,34048,5401],{"class":138},[68,34050,7231],{"class":78},[1470,34052,34054],{"id":34053},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34056,34057],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[59,34059,34061],{"className":61,"code":34060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34062,34063,34095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34066,9197],{"class":106},[68,34068,111],{"class":110},[68,34070,1221],{"class":78},[68,34072,344],{"class":114},[68,34074,49],{"class":118},[68,34076,344],{"class":114},[68,34078,503],{"class":78},[68,34080,5539],{"class":160},[68,34082,472],{"class":78},[68,34084,115],{"class":114},[68,34086,4806],{"class":118},[68,34088,344],{"class":114},[68,34090,503],{"class":78},[68,34092,475],{"class":160},[68,34094,9338],{"class":78},[68,34096,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34098,129],{"class":128},[68,34100,79],{"class":78},[68,34102,9234],{"class":138},[68,34104,236],{"class":78},[68,34106,5401],{"class":138},[68,34108,7231],{"class":78},[20,34110,34111],{},"Not like this:",[59,34113,34115],{"className":61,"code":34114,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34116,34117,34122,34127],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34118,34119],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34120,34121],{"class":3708},"# Wrong examples:\n",[68,34123,34124],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34125,34126],{"class":3708},"# data().values()\n",[68,34128,34129],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,34130,34131],{"class":3708},"# values(data)\n",[20,34133,3392],{},[59,34135,34137],{"className":61,"code":34136,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34138,34139,34153,34163,34177],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34140,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34142,129],{"class":128},[68,34144,79],{"class":78},[68,34146,75],{"class":74},[68,34148,79],{"class":78},[68,34150,11480],{"class":138},[68,34152,142],{"class":78},[68,34154,34155,34157,34159,34161],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34156,129],{"class":128},[68,34158,79],{"class":78},[68,34160,11480],{"class":138},[68,34162,85],{"class":78},[68,34164,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,34166,129],{"class":128},[68,34168,79],{"class":78},[68,34170,11480],{"class":138},[68,34172,236],{"class":78},[68,34174,5401],{"class":138},[68,34176,7231],{"class":78},[68,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,34180,129],{"class":128},[68,34182,79],{"class":78},[68,34184,274],{"class":74},[68,34186,79],{"class":78},[68,34188,11480],{"class":138},[68,34190,236],{"class":78},[68,34192,5401],{"class":138},[68,34194,6331],{"class":78},[93,34196,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,34198,1878,34200,1881],{"id":34199},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34201,32353],{},[20,34203,17454,34204,34206],{},[15,34205,17070],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1470,34208,12736,34210,23967],{"id":34209},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34211,17104],{},[20,34213,23970,34214,23974],{},[15,34215,34216],{},"list(...)",[1470,34218,26090,34220,1906],{"id":34219},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34221,32353],{},[20,34223,34224,34225,26098],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34226,5998],{},[1470,34228,12736,34230,34232],{"id":34229},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34231,32353],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34234,34235],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1470,34237,34239,34240,34242,34243,1906],{"id":34238},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34241,17104],{}," different from ",[15,34244,17110],{},[20,34246,34247,34249,34250,34252],{},[15,34248,17104],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34251,17110],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[93,34254,1952],{"id":1951},[33,34256,34257,34263,34269,34273,34279,34283],{},[36,34258,34259],{},[49,34260,10766,34261,10770],{"href":17095},[15,34262,17098],{},[36,34264,34265],{},[49,34266,10766,34267,10770],{"href":17107},[15,34268,17110],{},[36,34270,34271],{},[49,34272,11272],{"href":9420},[36,34274,34275],{},[49,34276,34278],{"href":34277},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,34280,34281],{},[49,34282,24052],{"href":33202},[36,34284,34285],{},[49,34286,30382,34287],{"href":25712},[15,34288,34289],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1995,34291,34292],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":34294},[34295,34296,34298,34299,34301,34302,34303,34304,34306,34317,34329],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":32523,"depth":125,"text":34297},"What values() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":32593,"depth":125,"text":34300},"What values() returns",{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":33072,"depth":125,"text":33073},{"id":33205,"depth":125,"text":33206},{"id":33364,"depth":125,"text":34305},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":34307},[34308,34310,34312,34314,34316],{"id":33579,"depth":145,"text":34309},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33670,"depth":145,"text":34311},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33804,"depth":145,"text":34313},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33957,"depth":145,"text":34315},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34053,"depth":145,"text":34054},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":34318},[34319,34321,34323,34325,34327],{"id":34199,"depth":145,"text":34320},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34209,"depth":145,"text":34322},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34219,"depth":145,"text":34324},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34229,"depth":145,"text":34326},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34238,"depth":145,"text":34328},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32341,"description":34330},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34336,"title":34337,"body":34338,"description":35764,"extension":2033,"meta":35765,"navigation":148,"path":35766,"seo":35767,"stem":35768,"__hash__":35769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34339,"toc":35716},[34340,34346,34351,34354,34370,34379,34381,34412,34418,34421,34516,34519,34524,34529,34532,34543,34545,34559,34565,34567,34572,34578,34581,34620,34628,34633,34636,34681,34684,34696,34702,34708,34712,34743,34746,34764,34767,34771,34810,34812,34832,34835,34846,34851,34857,34860,34914,34917,34928,34931,34942,34945,34949,34955,34957,34987,34990,35005,35008,35011,35030,35033,35049,35058,35060,35091,35097,35102,35105,35112,35143,35146,35168,35171,35174,35188,35192,35223,35238,35245,35252,35256,35264,35268,35276,35279,35328,35339,35341,35344,35350,35355,35365,35369,35372,35375,35379,35382,35384,35405,35409,35415,35426,35432,35434,35440,35464,35467,35530,35533,35561,35564,35626,35628,35633,35636,35643,35651,35658,35661,35669,35675,35677,35704,35713],[10,34341,13,34343,18],{"id":34342},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34344,34345],{},"dir()",[20,34347,22,34348,34350],{},[15,34349,34345],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34352,34353],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,34355,34356,34359,34362,34367],{},[36,34357,34358],{},"learning Python",[36,34360,34361],{},"exploring a new object",[36,34363,34364,34365],{},"debugging an ",[15,34366,25705],{},[36,34368,34369],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34371,34372,34373,34375,34376],{},"In short, ",[15,34374,34345],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1301,34377,34378],{},"“What can I use here?”",[93,34380,2075],{"id":2074},[59,34382,34384],{"className":61,"code":34383,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34385,34386,34398],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34389,107],{"class":106},[68,34391,111],{"class":110},[68,34393,115],{"class":114},[68,34395,347],{"class":118},[68,34397,122],{"class":114},[68,34399,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34401,129],{"class":128},[68,34403,79],{"class":78},[68,34405,1861],{"class":128},[68,34407,79],{"class":78},[68,34409,139],{"class":138},[68,34411,142],{"class":78},[20,34413,224,34414,34417],{},[15,34415,34416],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34419,34420],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[59,34422,34424],{"className":61,"code":34423,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34425,34426],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34427,34428,34430,34432,34435,34437,34439,34441,34444,34446,34448,34450,34453,34455,34457,34459,34462,34464,34466,34468,34471,34473,34475,34477,34480,34482,34484,34488,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34503,34505,34507,34509,34512,34514],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34429,795],{"class":78},[68,34431,203],{"class":114},[68,34433,34434],{"class":118},"__add__",[68,34436,203],{"class":114},[68,34438,472],{"class":78},[68,34440,197],{"class":114},[68,34442,34443],{"class":118},"__class__",[68,34445,203],{"class":114},[68,34447,472],{"class":78},[68,34449,197],{"class":114},[68,34451,34452],{"class":118},"__contains__",[68,34454,203],{"class":114},[68,34456,472],{"class":78},[68,34458,197],{"class":114},[68,34460,34461],{"class":118},"__delattr__",[68,34463,203],{"class":114},[68,34465,472],{"class":78},[68,34467,197],{"class":114},[68,34469,34470],{"class":118},"__dir__",[68,34472,203],{"class":114},[68,34474,472],{"class":78},[68,34476,197],{"class":114},[68,34478,34479],{"class":118},"__doc__",[68,34481,203],{"class":114},[68,34483,472],{"class":78},[68,34485,34487],{"class":34486},"s_hVV"," ...",[68,34489,472],{"class":78},[68,34491,197],{"class":114},[68,34493,8674],{"class":118},[68,34495,203],{"class":114},[68,34497,472],{"class":78},[68,34499,197],{"class":114},[68,34501,34502],{"class":118},"split",[68,34504,203],{"class":114},[68,34506,472],{"class":78},[68,34508,197],{"class":114},[68,34510,34511],{"class":118},"upper",[68,34513,203],{"class":114},[68,34515,730],{"class":78},[20,34517,34518],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[93,34520,3722,34522,3725],{"id":34521},"what-dir-does",[15,34523,34345],{},[20,34525,34526,34528],{},[15,34527,34345],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34530,34531],{},"It usually includes:",[33,34533,34534,34537,34540],{},[36,34535,34536],{},"attributes",[36,34538,34539],{},"methods",[36,34541,34542],{},"special Python names",[20,34544,11489],{},[33,34546,34547,34553,34556],{},[36,34548,34549,34550],{},"The result is a ",[1301,34551,34552],{},"list of strings",[36,34554,34555],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,34557,34558],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34560,34561,34562,34564],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34563,34345],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[93,34566,303],{"id":302},[20,34568,34569,34571],{},[15,34570,34345],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1470,34573,34575,34577],{"id":34574},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34576,34345],{}," with no argument",[20,34579,34580],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[59,34582,34584],{"className":61,"code":34583,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34585,34586,34594,34606,34610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34587,34588,34590,34592],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34589,3080],{"class":106},[68,34591,111],{"class":110},[68,34593,161],{"class":160},[68,34595,34596,34598,34600,34602,34604],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34597,107],{"class":106},[68,34599,111],{"class":110},[68,34601,115],{"class":114},[68,34603,7714],{"class":118},[68,34605,122],{"class":114},[68,34607,34608],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,34609,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,34611,34612,34614,34616,34618],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,34613,129],{"class":128},[68,34615,79],{"class":78},[68,34617,1861],{"class":128},[68,34619,7231],{"class":78},[20,34621,34622,34623,232,34625,34627],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34624,2245],{},[15,34626,139],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1470,34629,34631],{"id":34630},"dirobject",[15,34632,34416],{},[20,34634,34635],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[59,34637,34639],{"className":61,"code":34638,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34640,34641,34659],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34642,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34644,129],{"class":128},[68,34646,79],{"class":78},[68,34648,1861],{"class":128},[68,34650,79],{"class":78},[68,34652,344],{"class":114},[68,34654,347],{"class":118},[68,34656,344],{"class":114},[68,34658,142],{"class":78},[68,34660,34661,34663,34665,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34662,129],{"class":128},[68,34664,79],{"class":78},[68,34666,1861],{"class":128},[68,34668,466],{"class":78},[68,34670,469],{"class":160},[68,34672,472],{"class":78},[68,34674,475],{"class":160},[68,34676,472],{"class":78},[68,34678,480],{"class":160},[68,34680,483],{"class":78},[20,34682,34683],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,34685,34686,34688,34690,34693],{},[36,34687,5351],{},[36,34689,5342],{},[36,34691,34692],{},"modules",[36,34694,34695],{},"custom objects",[93,34697,633,34699,34701],{"id":34698},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34700,34345],{}," with a value",[20,34703,34704,34705,34707],{},"A common use of ",[15,34706,34345],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1470,34709,34711],{"id":34710},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[59,34713,34715],{"className":61,"code":34714,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34716,34717,34729],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34718,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34720,1345],{"class":106},[68,34722,111],{"class":110},[68,34724,115],{"class":114},[68,34726,347],{"class":118},[68,34728,122],{"class":114},[68,34730,34731,34733,34735,34737,34739,34741],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34732,129],{"class":128},[68,34734,79],{"class":78},[68,34736,1861],{"class":128},[68,34738,79],{"class":78},[68,34740,1367],{"class":138},[68,34742,142],{"class":78},[20,34744,34745],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,34747,34748,34752,34756,34760],{},[36,34749,34750],{},[15,34751,8674],{},[36,34753,34754],{},[15,34755,34511],{},[36,34757,34758],{},[15,34759,34502],{},[36,34761,34762],{},[15,34763,8668],{},[20,34765,34766],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1470,34768,34770],{"id":34769},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[59,34772,34774],{"className":61,"code":34773,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34775,34776,34796],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34777,34778,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790,34792,34794],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34779,3663],{"class":106},[68,34781,111],{"class":110},[68,34783,725],{"class":78},[68,34785,469],{"class":160},[68,34787,472],{"class":78},[68,34789,475],{"class":160},[68,34791,472],{"class":78},[68,34793,480],{"class":160},[68,34795,730],{"class":78},[68,34797,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34799,129],{"class":128},[68,34801,79],{"class":78},[68,34803,1861],{"class":128},[68,34805,79],{"class":78},[68,34807,3693],{"class":138},[68,34809,142],{"class":78},[20,34811,34745],{},[33,34813,34814,34818,34822,34827],{},[36,34815,34816],{},[15,34817,13585],{},[36,34819,34820],{},[15,34821,26275],{},[36,34823,34824],{},[15,34825,34826],{},"remove",[36,34828,34829],{},[15,34830,34831],{},"sort",[20,34833,34834],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34836,34837,34838,34842,34843,34845],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[49,34839,34840],{"href":2035},[15,34841,17],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34844,34345],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[93,34847,633,34849,34577],{"id":34848},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34850,34345],{},[20,34852,34853,34854,34856],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34855,34345],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34858,34859],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[59,34861,34863],{"className":61,"code":34862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34864,34865,34873,34877,34888,34900,34904],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34866,34867,34869,34871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34868,3080],{"class":106},[68,34870,111],{"class":110},[68,34872,1007],{"class":160},[68,34874,34875],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34876,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,34878,34879,34882,34886],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,34880,34881],{"class":193},"def",[68,34883,34885],{"class":34884},"sGLFI"," greet",[68,34887,21630],{"class":78},[68,34889,34890,34893,34895,34898],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,34891,34892],{"class":1098},"    return",[68,34894,115],{"class":114},[68,34896,34897],{"class":118},"Hello",[68,34899,122],{"class":114},[68,34901,34902],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,34903,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,34905,34906,34908,34910,34912],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,34907,129],{"class":128},[68,34909,79],{"class":78},[68,34911,1861],{"class":128},[68,34913,7231],{"class":78},[20,34915,34916],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,34918,34919,34923],{},[36,34920,34921],{},[15,34922,2245],{},[36,34924,34925],{},[15,34926,34927],{},"greet",[20,34929,34930],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,34932,34933,34936,34939],{},[36,34934,34935],{},"what variables exist",[36,34937,34938],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,34940,34941],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34943,34944],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[93,34946,34948],{"id":34947},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34950,34951,34952,34954],{},"When you first use ",[15,34953,34345],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34956,326],{},[59,34958,34959],{"className":61,"code":34714,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,34960,34961,34973],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,34962,34963,34965,34967,34969,34971],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,34964,1345],{"class":106},[68,34966,111],{"class":110},[68,34968,115],{"class":114},[68,34970,347],{"class":118},[68,34972,122],{"class":114},[68,34974,34975,34977,34979,34981,34983,34985],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,34976,129],{"class":128},[68,34978,79],{"class":78},[68,34980,1861],{"class":128},[68,34982,79],{"class":78},[68,34984,1367],{"class":138},[68,34986,142],{"class":78},[20,34988,34989],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,34991,34992,34996,35000],{},[36,34993,34994],{},[15,34995,34443],{},[36,34997,34998],{},[15,34999,34479],{},[36,35001,35002],{},[15,35003,35004],{},"__len__",[20,35006,35007],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35009,35010],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,35012,35013,35017,35021,35025],{},[36,35014,35015],{},[15,35016,34511],{},[36,35018,35019],{},[15,35020,8674],{},[36,35022,35023],{},[15,35024,34502],{},[36,35026,35027],{},[15,35028,35029],{},"replace",[20,35031,35032],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,35034,35035,35043],{},[36,35036,35037,35039,35040],{},[15,35038,34345],{}," lists ",[1301,35041,35042],{},"names only",[36,35044,35045,35046,35048],{},"it does ",[1301,35047,1303],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35050,35051,35052,236],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[49,35053,35055],{"href":35054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35056,35057],{},"help()",[20,35059,1335],{},[59,35061,35063],{"className":61,"code":35062,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35064,35065,35077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35066,35067,35069,35071,35073,35075],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35068,107],{"class":106},[68,35070,111],{"class":110},[68,35072,115],{"class":114},[68,35074,347],{"class":118},[68,35076,122],{"class":114},[68,35078,35079,35081,35083,35085,35087,35089],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35080,1850],{"class":128},[68,35082,79],{"class":78},[68,35084,139],{"class":138},[68,35086,236],{"class":78},[68,35088,34511],{"class":1267},[68,35090,85],{"class":78},[93,35092,35094,35096],{"id":35093},"dir-on-modules",[15,35095,34345],{}," on modules",[20,35098,15746,35099,35101],{},[15,35100,34345],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35103,35104],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1470,35106,35108,35109,35111],{"id":35107},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35110,18450],{}," module",[59,35113,35115],{"className":61,"code":35114,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35116,35117,35125,35129],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35118,35119,35122],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35120,35121],{"class":1098},"import",[68,35123,35124],{"class":106}," math\n",[68,35126,35127],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35128,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35130,35131,35133,35135,35137,35139,35141],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35132,129],{"class":128},[68,35134,79],{"class":78},[68,35136,1861],{"class":128},[68,35138,79],{"class":78},[68,35140,18450],{"class":138},[68,35142,142],{"class":78},[20,35144,35145],{},"You may see names like:",[33,35147,35148,35153,35158,35163],{},[36,35149,35150],{},[15,35151,35152],{},"sqrt",[36,35154,35155],{},[15,35156,35157],{},"ceil",[36,35159,35160],{},[15,35161,35162],{},"floor",[36,35164,35165],{},[15,35166,35167],{},"pi",[20,35169,35170],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35172,35173],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,35175,35176,35182],{},[36,35177,35178],{},[49,35179,35181],{"href":35180},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,35183,35184],{},[49,35185,35187],{"href":35186},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1470,35189,35191],{"id":35190},"another-example","Another example",[59,35193,35195],{"className":61,"code":35194,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35196,35197,35204,35208],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35198,35199,35201],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35200,35121],{"class":1098},[68,35202,35203],{"class":106}," json\n",[68,35205,35206],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35207,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35209,35210,35212,35214,35216,35218,35221],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35211,129],{"class":128},[68,35213,79],{"class":78},[68,35215,1861],{"class":128},[68,35217,79],{"class":78},[68,35219,35220],{"class":138},"json",[68,35222,142],{"class":78},[20,35224,35225,35226,1448,35229,1448,35232,1453,35235,236],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35227,35228],{},"dump",[15,35230,35231],{},"dumps",[15,35233,35234],{},"load",[15,35236,35237],{},"loads",[93,35239,35241,969,35243],{"id":35240},"dir-vs-help",[15,35242,34345],{},[15,35244,35057],{},[20,35246,35247,232,35249,35251],{},[15,35248,34345],{},[15,35250,35057],{}," are often used together.",[1470,35253,35254],{"id":1861},[15,35255,34345],{},[33,35257,35258,35261],{},[36,35259,35260],{},"shows available names",[36,35262,35263],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1470,35265,35266],{"id":1850},[15,35267,35057],{},[33,35269,35270,35273],{},[36,35271,35272],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,35274,35275],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35277,35278],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[59,35280,35282],{"className":61,"code":35281,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35283,35284,35296,35300,35314],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35285,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35287,107],{"class":106},[68,35289,111],{"class":110},[68,35291,115],{"class":114},[68,35293,347],{"class":118},[68,35295,122],{"class":114},[68,35297,35298],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35299,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35301,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310,35312],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35303,129],{"class":128},[68,35305,79],{"class":78},[68,35307,1861],{"class":128},[68,35309,79],{"class":78},[68,35311,139],{"class":138},[68,35313,142],{"class":78},[68,35315,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,35317,1850],{"class":128},[68,35319,79],{"class":78},[68,35321,139],{"class":138},[68,35323,236],{"class":78},[68,35325,34511],{"class":1267},[68,35327,85],{"class":78},[20,35329,224,35330,35332,35333,35335,35336,35338],{},[15,35331,34345],{}," first to find a method name.",[9876,35334],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35337,35057],{}," to understand how to use it.",[93,35340,1462],{"id":1461},[20,35342,35343],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1470,35345,35347,35349],{"id":35346},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35348,34345],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35351,35352,35354],{},[15,35353,34345],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35356,35357,35358,35360,35361,35364],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35359,34511],{}," in ",[15,35362,35363],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1470,35366,35368],{"id":35367},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35370,35371],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35373,35374],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1470,35376,35378],{"id":35377},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35380,35381],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35383,1335],{},[33,35385,35386,35391,35397],{},[36,35387,35388,35390],{},[15,35389,35363],{}," shows string-related names",[36,35392,35393,35396],{},[15,35394,35395],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,35398,35399,35402,35403,35111],{},[15,35400,35401],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35404,18450],{},[1470,35406,35408],{"id":35407},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35410,35411,35412,35414],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35413,34345],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,35416,35417,35420,35423],{},[36,35418,35419],{},"what it does",[36,35421,35422],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,35424,35425],{},"what it returns",[20,35427,35428,35429,35431],{},"That is why ",[15,35430,35057],{}," is the natural next step.",[93,35433,1750],{"id":1749},[20,35435,35436,35437,35439],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35438,34345],{}," in these situations:",[33,35441,35442,35445,35454,35457],{},[36,35443,35444],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,35446,35447,35448,35453],{},"Seeing an ",[49,35449,35451],{"href":35450},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35452,25705],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,35455,35456],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,35458,633,35459,35461,35462],{},[15,35460,34345],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35463,35057],{},[20,35465,35466],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[59,35468,35470],{"className":61,"code":35469,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35471,35472,35484,35488,35502,35516],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35473,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35475,107],{"class":106},[68,35477,111],{"class":110},[68,35479,115],{"class":114},[68,35481,347],{"class":118},[68,35483,122],{"class":114},[68,35485,35486],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35487,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35489,35490,35492,35494,35496,35498,35500],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35491,129],{"class":128},[68,35493,79],{"class":78},[68,35495,75],{"class":74},[68,35497,79],{"class":78},[68,35499,139],{"class":138},[68,35501,142],{"class":78},[68,35503,35504,35506,35508,35510,35512,35514],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,35505,129],{"class":128},[68,35507,79],{"class":78},[68,35509,1861],{"class":128},[68,35511,79],{"class":78},[68,35513,139],{"class":138},[68,35515,142],{"class":78},[68,35517,35518,35520,35522,35524,35526,35528],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,35519,1850],{"class":128},[68,35521,79],{"class":78},[68,35523,139],{"class":138},[68,35525,236],{"class":78},[68,35527,34511],{"class":1267},[68,35529,85],{"class":78},[20,35531,35532],{},"And for modules:",[59,35534,35535],{"className":61,"code":35114,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,35536,35537,35543,35547],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35538,35539,35541],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35540,35121],{"class":1098},[68,35542,35124],{"class":106},[68,35544,35545],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35546,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35548,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35550,129],{"class":128},[68,35552,79],{"class":78},[68,35554,1861],{"class":128},[68,35556,79],{"class":78},[68,35558,18450],{"class":138},[68,35560,142],{"class":78},[20,35562,35563],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[59,35565,35567],{"className":61,"code":35566,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35568,35569,35574,35586,35596,35610,35616],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35570,35571],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35572,35573],{"class":106},"python\n",[68,35575,35576,35578,35580,35582,35584],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35577,107],{"class":106},[68,35579,111],{"class":110},[68,35581,115],{"class":114},[68,35583,347],{"class":118},[68,35585,122],{"class":114},[68,35587,35588,35590,35592,35594],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35589,1861],{"class":128},[68,35591,79],{"class":78},[68,35593,139],{"class":138},[68,35595,85],{"class":78},[68,35597,35598,35600,35602,35604,35606,35608],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,35599,1850],{"class":128},[68,35601,79],{"class":78},[68,35603,139],{"class":138},[68,35605,236],{"class":78},[68,35607,34511],{"class":1267},[68,35609,85],{"class":78},[68,35611,35612,35614],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,35613,35121],{"class":1098},[68,35615,35124],{"class":106},[68,35617,35618,35620,35622,35624],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,35619,1861],{"class":128},[68,35621,79],{"class":78},[68,35623,18450],{"class":138},[68,35625,85],{"class":78},[93,35627,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,35629,1878,35631,1881],{"id":35630},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35632,34345],{},[20,35634,35635],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1470,35637,5221,35639,232,35641,1906],{"id":35638},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35640,34345],{},[15,35642,35057],{},[20,35644,35645,35647,35648,35650],{},[15,35646,34345],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35649,35057],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1470,35652,35654,35655,35657],{"id":35653},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35656,34345],{}," output?",[20,35659,35660],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1470,35662,1939,35664,35666,35667,1906],{"id":35663},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35665,34345],{}," help fix ",[15,35668,25705],{},[20,35670,35671,35672,236],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[49,35673,35674],{"href":35450},"object has no attribute",[93,35676,1952],{"id":1951},[33,35678,35679,35685,35690,35694,35698],{},[36,35680,35681],{},[49,35682,13,35683,1151],{"href":35054},[15,35684,35057],{},[36,35686,35687],{},[49,35688,35689],{"href":35450},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,35691,35692],{},[49,35693,35181],{"href":35180},[36,35695,35696],{},[49,35697,35187],{"href":35186},[36,35699,35700],{},[49,35701,13,35702,1151],{"href":2035},[15,35703,17],{},[20,35705,35706,35707,35709,35710,35712],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35708,34345],{}," together with ",[15,35711,35057],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1995,35714,35715],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":35717},[35718,35719,35721,35726,35731,35733,35734,35740,35745,35752,35753,35763],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":34521,"depth":125,"text":35720},"What dir() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":35722},[35723,35725],{"id":34574,"depth":145,"text":35724},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34630,"depth":145,"text":34416},{"id":34698,"depth":125,"text":35727,"children":35728},"Using dir() with a value",[35729,35730],{"id":34710,"depth":145,"text":34711},{"id":34769,"depth":145,"text":34770},{"id":34848,"depth":125,"text":35732},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34947,"depth":125,"text":34948},{"id":35093,"depth":125,"text":35735,"children":35736},"dir() on modules",[35737,35739],{"id":35107,"depth":145,"text":35738},"Example: math module",{"id":35190,"depth":145,"text":35191},{"id":35240,"depth":125,"text":35741,"children":35742},"dir() vs help()",[35743,35744],{"id":1861,"depth":145,"text":34345},{"id":1850,"depth":145,"text":35057},{"id":1461,"depth":125,"text":1462,"children":35746},[35747,35749,35750,35751],{"id":35346,"depth":145,"text":35748},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35367,"depth":145,"text":35368},{"id":35377,"depth":145,"text":35378},{"id":35407,"depth":145,"text":35408},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":35754},[35755,35757,35759,35761],{"id":35630,"depth":145,"text":35756},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35638,"depth":145,"text":35758},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35653,"depth":145,"text":35760},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35663,"depth":145,"text":35762},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34337,"description":35764},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35771,"title":35772,"body":35773,"description":37593,"extension":2033,"meta":37594,"navigation":148,"path":37595,"seo":37596,"stem":37597,"__hash__":37598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35774,"toc":37562},[35775,35781,35786,35789,35797,35803,35805,35885,35887,35913,35918,35923,35928,35931,35942,35945,35947,36026,36028,36054,36061,36063,36065,36090,36093,36106,36111,36113,36194,36196,36222,36231,36236,36244,36250,36257,36260,36262,36341,36344,36401,36403,36440,36446,36451,36456,36459,36473,36475,36578,36580,36623,36632,36642,36649,36655,36662,36745,36747,36770,36773,36776,36778,36782,36786,36789,36852,36875,36878,36882,36888,36890,36957,36960,37037,37042,37048,37051,37054,37100,37102,37126,37131,37135,37140,37146,37209,37212,37214,37217,37242,37245,37380,37382,37483,37485,37490,37493,37499,37509,37517,37522,37528,37534,37536,37559],[10,35776,13,35778,18],{"id":35777},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35779,35780],{},"enumerate()",[20,35782,35783,35785],{},[15,35784,35780],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35787,35788],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,35790,35791,35794],{},[36,35792,35793],{},"the item itself",[36,35795,35796],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35798,35799,35800,35802],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35801,35780],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[93,35804,2075],{"id":2074},[59,35806,35808],{"className":61,"code":35807,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35809,35810,35842,35846,35869],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35811,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838,35840],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35813,13108],{"class":106},[68,35815,111],{"class":110},[68,35817,725],{"class":78},[68,35819,344],{"class":114},[68,35821,13125],{"class":118},[68,35823,344],{"class":114},[68,35825,472],{"class":78},[68,35827,115],{"class":114},[68,35829,17488],{"class":118},[68,35831,344],{"class":114},[68,35833,472],{"class":78},[68,35835,115],{"class":114},[68,35837,13142],{"class":118},[68,35839,344],{"class":114},[68,35841,730],{"class":78},[68,35843,35844],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35845,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35847,35848,35850,35853,35855,35858,35860,35863,35865,35867],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35849,5998],{"class":1098},[68,35851,35852],{"class":106}," index",[68,35854,472],{"class":78},[68,35856,35857],{"class":106}," color ",[68,35859,3927],{"class":1098},[68,35861,35862],{"class":128}," enumerate",[68,35864,79],{"class":78},[68,35866,17535],{"class":138},[68,35868,1113],{"class":78},[68,35870,35871,35873,35875,35878,35880,35883],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,35872,1118],{"class":128},[68,35874,79],{"class":78},[68,35876,35877],{"class":138},"index",[68,35879,472],{"class":78},[68,35881,35882],{"class":138}," color",[68,35884,85],{"class":78},[20,35886,180],{},[59,35888,35890],{"className":61,"code":35889,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35891,35892,35899,35906],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35893,35894,35896],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35895,2192],{"class":160},[68,35897,35898],{"class":106}," red\n",[68,35900,35901,35903],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35902,469],{"class":160},[68,35904,35905],{"class":106}," green\n",[68,35907,35908,35910],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35909,2129],{"class":160},[68,35911,35912],{"class":106}," blue\n",[20,35914,224,35915,35917],{},[15,35916,35780],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[93,35919,3722,35921,3725],{"id":35920},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35922,35780],{},[20,35924,35925,35927],{},[15,35926,35780],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35929,35930],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,35932,35933,35935,35937,35939],{},[36,35934,5342],{},[36,35936,5345],{},[36,35938,5351],{},[36,35940,35941],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35943,35944],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35946,326],{},[59,35948,35950],{"className":61,"code":35949,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35951,35952,35986,35990,36011],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,35953,35954,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35973,35975,35977,35979,35982,35984],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,35955,5040],{"class":106},[68,35957,111],{"class":110},[68,35959,725],{"class":78},[68,35961,344],{"class":114},[68,35963,12913],{"class":118},[68,35965,344],{"class":114},[68,35967,472],{"class":78},[68,35969,115],{"class":114},[68,35971,35972],{"class":118},"Ben",[68,35974,344],{"class":114},[68,35976,472],{"class":78},[68,35978,115],{"class":114},[68,35980,35981],{"class":118},"Cara",[68,35983,344],{"class":114},[68,35985,730],{"class":78},[68,35987,35988],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,35989,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,35991,35992,35994,35996,35998,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,35993,5998],{"class":1098},[68,35995,35852],{"class":106},[68,35997,472],{"class":78},[68,35999,36000],{"class":106}," name ",[68,36002,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36004,35862],{"class":128},[68,36006,79],{"class":78},[68,36008,5083],{"class":138},[68,36010,1113],{"class":78},[68,36012,36013,36015,36017,36019,36021,36024],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36014,1118],{"class":128},[68,36016,79],{"class":78},[68,36018,35877],{"class":138},[68,36020,472],{"class":78},[68,36022,36023],{"class":138}," name",[68,36025,85],{"class":78},[20,36027,180],{},[59,36029,36031],{"className":61,"code":36030,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36032,36033,36040,36047],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36034,36035,36037],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36036,2192],{"class":160},[68,36038,36039],{"class":106}," Ana\n",[68,36041,36042,36044],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36043,469],{"class":160},[68,36045,36046],{"class":106}," Ben\n",[68,36048,36049,36051],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36050,2129],{"class":160},[68,36052,36053],{"class":106}," Cara\n",[20,36055,36056,36057,236],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[49,36058,36060],{"href":36059},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[93,36062,303],{"id":302},[20,36064,2231],{},[59,36066,36068],{"className":61,"code":36067,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36069,36070],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36071,36072,36075,36077,36079,36081,36084,36086,36088],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36073,36074],{"class":128},"enumerate",[68,36076,79],{"class":78},[68,36078,3766],{"class":138},[68,36080,472],{"class":78},[68,36082,36083],{"class":9206}," start",[68,36085,111],{"class":110},[68,36087,2192],{"class":160},[68,36089,85],{"class":78},[20,36091,36092],{},"It has two parts:",[33,36094,36095,36100],{},[36,36096,36097,36099],{},[15,36098,3766],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,36101,36102,36105],{},[15,36103,36104],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36107,36108,36109,236],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36110,2192],{},[20,36112,326],{},[59,36114,36116],{"className":61,"code":36115,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36117,36118,36151,36155,36178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36119,36120,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147,36149],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36121,36122],{"class":106},"letters ",[68,36124,111],{"class":110},[68,36126,725],{"class":78},[68,36128,344],{"class":114},[68,36130,49],{"class":118},[68,36132,344],{"class":114},[68,36134,472],{"class":78},[68,36136,115],{"class":114},[68,36138,4806],{"class":118},[68,36140,344],{"class":114},[68,36142,472],{"class":78},[68,36144,115],{"class":114},[68,36146,9769],{"class":118},[68,36148,344],{"class":114},[68,36150,730],{"class":78},[68,36152,36153],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36154,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36156,36157,36159,36162,36164,36167,36169,36171,36173,36176],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36158,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36160,36161],{"class":106}," i",[68,36163,472],{"class":78},[68,36165,36166],{"class":106}," letter ",[68,36168,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36170,35862],{"class":128},[68,36172,79],{"class":78},[68,36174,36175],{"class":138},"letters",[68,36177,1113],{"class":78},[68,36179,36180,36182,36184,36187,36189,36192],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36181,1118],{"class":128},[68,36183,79],{"class":78},[68,36185,36186],{"class":138},"i",[68,36188,472],{"class":78},[68,36190,36191],{"class":138}," letter",[68,36193,85],{"class":78},[20,36195,180],{},[59,36197,36199],{"className":61,"code":36198,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36200,36201,36208,36215],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36202,36203,36205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36204,2192],{"class":160},[68,36206,36207],{"class":106}," a\n",[68,36209,36210,36212],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36211,469],{"class":160},[68,36213,36214],{"class":106}," b\n",[68,36216,36217,36219],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36218,2129],{"class":160},[68,36220,36221],{"class":106}," c\n",[20,36223,36224,36225,236],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[49,36226,13,36228,1151],{"href":36227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36229,36230],{},"range()",[93,36232,3722,36234,11737],{"id":36233},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36235,35780],{},[20,36237,36238,36240,36241,236],{},[15,36239,35780],{}," returns an ",[1301,36242,36243],{},"enumerate object",[20,36245,36246,36247,36249],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36248,5998],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,36251,36252],{},[36,36253,36254],{},[15,36255,36256],{},"(index, item)",[20,36258,36259],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36261,326],{},[59,36263,36265],{"className":61,"code":36264,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36266,36267,36300,36304,36326],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36268,36269,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36270,36271],{"class":106},"fruits ",[68,36273,111],{"class":110},[68,36275,725],{"class":78},[68,36277,344],{"class":114},[68,36279,4123],{"class":118},[68,36281,344],{"class":114},[68,36283,472],{"class":78},[68,36285,115],{"class":114},[68,36287,4132],{"class":118},[68,36289,344],{"class":114},[68,36291,472],{"class":78},[68,36293,115],{"class":114},[68,36295,33254],{"class":118},[68,36297,344],{"class":114},[68,36299,730],{"class":78},[68,36301,36302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36303,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36305,36306,36308,36310,36312,36315,36317,36319,36321,36324],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36307,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36309,35852],{"class":106},[68,36311,472],{"class":78},[68,36313,36314],{"class":106}," fruit ",[68,36316,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36318,35862],{"class":128},[68,36320,79],{"class":78},[68,36322,36323],{"class":138},"fruits",[68,36325,1113],{"class":78},[68,36327,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336,36339],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36329,1118],{"class":128},[68,36331,79],{"class":78},[68,36333,35877],{"class":138},[68,36335,472],{"class":78},[68,36337,36338],{"class":138}," fruit",[68,36340,85],{"class":78},[20,36342,36343],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[59,36345,36347],{"className":61,"code":36346,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36348,36349,36369,36373,36391],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36350,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36352,3663],{"class":106},[68,36354,111],{"class":110},[68,36356,725],{"class":78},[68,36358,438],{"class":160},[68,36360,472],{"class":78},[68,36362,7828],{"class":160},[68,36364,472],{"class":78},[68,36366,7833],{"class":160},[68,36368,730],{"class":78},[68,36370,36371],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36372,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36374,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36376,2297],{"class":106},[68,36378,111],{"class":110},[68,36380,22595],{"class":74},[68,36382,79],{"class":78},[68,36384,36074],{"class":128},[68,36386,79],{"class":78},[68,36388,3693],{"class":138},[68,36390,142],{"class":78},[68,36392,36393,36395,36397,36399],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36394,129],{"class":128},[68,36396,79],{"class":78},[68,36398,2331],{"class":138},[68,36400,85],{"class":78},[20,36402,180],{},[59,36404,36406],{"className":61,"code":36405,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36407,36408],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36409,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36411,21775],{"class":78},[68,36413,2192],{"class":160},[68,36415,472],{"class":78},[68,36417,6045],{"class":160},[68,36419,9263],{"class":78},[68,36421,9266],{"class":78},[68,36423,469],{"class":160},[68,36425,472],{"class":78},[68,36427,7828],{"class":160},[68,36429,9263],{"class":78},[68,36431,9266],{"class":78},[68,36433,2129],{"class":160},[68,36435,472],{"class":78},[68,36437,7833],{"class":160},[68,36439,9279],{"class":78},[20,36441,36442,36443,36445],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36444,35780],{}," produces.",[93,36447,1311,36449],{"id":36448},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36450,35780],{},[20,36452,224,36453,36455],{},[15,36454,35780],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36457,36458],{},"Common cases:",[33,36460,36461,36464,36467,36470],{},[36,36462,36463],{},"printing numbered output",[36,36465,36466],{},"building menus",[36,36468,36469],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,36471,36472],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36474,326],{},[59,36476,36478],{"className":61,"code":36477,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36479,36480,36515,36519,36549],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36481,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36493,36495,36497,36499,36502,36504,36506,36508,36511,36513],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36483,29932],{"class":106},[68,36485,111],{"class":110},[68,36487,725],{"class":78},[68,36489,344],{"class":114},[68,36491,36492],{"class":118},"Wash dishes",[68,36494,344],{"class":114},[68,36496,472],{"class":78},[68,36498,115],{"class":114},[68,36500,36501],{"class":118},"Study Python",[68,36503,344],{"class":114},[68,36505,472],{"class":78},[68,36507,115],{"class":114},[68,36509,36510],{"class":118},"Go for a walk",[68,36512,344],{"class":114},[68,36514,730],{"class":78},[68,36516,36517],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36518,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36520,36521,36523,36525,36527,36530,36532,36534,36536,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36522,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36524,2265],{"class":106},[68,36526,472],{"class":78},[68,36528,36529],{"class":106}," task ",[68,36531,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36533,35862],{"class":128},[68,36535,79],{"class":78},[68,36537,36538],{"class":138},"tasks",[68,36540,472],{"class":78},[68,36542,36083],{"class":9206},[68,36544,111],{"class":110},[68,36546,469],{"class":160},[68,36548,1113],{"class":78},[68,36550,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36572,36574,36576],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36552,1118],{"class":128},[68,36554,79],{"class":78},[68,36556,22329],{"class":193},[68,36558,344],{"class":118},[68,36560,9308],{"class":160},[68,36562,175],{"class":138},[68,36564,22338],{"class":160},[68,36566,28348],{"class":118},[68,36568,9308],{"class":160},[68,36570,36571],{"class":138},"task",[68,36573,22338],{"class":160},[68,36575,344],{"class":118},[68,36577,85],{"class":78},[20,36579,180],{},[59,36581,36583],{"className":61,"code":36582,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36584,36585,36597,36609],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36586,36587,36589,36591,36594],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36588,469],{"class":160},[68,36590,236],{"class":78},[68,36592,36593],{"class":1267}," Wash",[68,36595,36596],{"class":106}," dishes\n",[68,36598,36599,36601,36603,36606],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36600,2129],{"class":160},[68,36602,236],{"class":78},[68,36604,36605],{"class":1267}," Study",[68,36607,36608],{"class":106}," Python\n",[68,36610,36611,36613,36615,36618,36620],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36612,2135],{"class":160},[68,36614,236],{"class":78},[68,36616,36617],{"class":1267}," Go",[68,36619,3921],{"class":1098},[68,36621,36622],{"class":106}," a walk\n",[20,36624,36625,36626,36628,36629,236],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36627,35780],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36630,36631],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36633,36634,36635,236],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[49,36636,36638,36639,36641],{"href":36637},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36640,35780],{}," in Python",[93,36643,36645,36646,36648],{"id":36644},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36647,36104],{}," argument",[20,36650,36651,36652,36654],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36653,36104],{}," argument.",[20,36656,36657,36658,1776,36660,503],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36659,469],{},[15,36661,2192],{},[59,36663,36665],{"className":61,"code":36664,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36666,36667,36699,36703,36731],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36670,13108],{"class":106},[68,36672,111],{"class":110},[68,36674,725],{"class":78},[68,36676,344],{"class":114},[68,36678,13125],{"class":118},[68,36680,344],{"class":114},[68,36682,472],{"class":78},[68,36684,115],{"class":114},[68,36686,17488],{"class":118},[68,36688,344],{"class":114},[68,36690,472],{"class":78},[68,36692,115],{"class":114},[68,36694,13142],{"class":118},[68,36696,344],{"class":114},[68,36698,730],{"class":78},[68,36700,36701],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36702,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36704,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36706,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36708,35852],{"class":106},[68,36710,472],{"class":78},[68,36712,35857],{"class":106},[68,36714,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36716,35862],{"class":128},[68,36718,79],{"class":78},[68,36720,17535],{"class":138},[68,36722,472],{"class":78},[68,36724,36083],{"class":9206},[68,36726,111],{"class":110},[68,36728,469],{"class":160},[68,36730,1113],{"class":78},[68,36732,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36734,1118],{"class":128},[68,36736,79],{"class":78},[68,36738,35877],{"class":138},[68,36740,472],{"class":78},[68,36742,35882],{"class":138},[68,36744,85],{"class":78},[20,36746,180],{},[59,36748,36750],{"className":61,"code":36749,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36751,36752,36758,36764],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36753,36754,36756],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36755,469],{"class":160},[68,36757,35898],{"class":106},[68,36759,36760,36762],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36761,2129],{"class":160},[68,36763,35905],{"class":106},[68,36765,36766,36768],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36767,2135],{"class":160},[68,36769,35912],{"class":106},[20,36771,36772],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36774,36775],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[93,36777,1462],{"id":1461},[20,36779,25394,36780,236],{},[15,36781,35780],{},[1470,36783,36785],{"id":36784},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36787,36788],{},"In this loop:",[59,36790,36792],{"className":61,"code":36791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36793,36794,36814,36818,36838],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36795,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36797,3663],{"class":106},[68,36799,111],{"class":110},[68,36801,725],{"class":78},[68,36803,438],{"class":160},[68,36805,472],{"class":78},[68,36807,7828],{"class":160},[68,36809,472],{"class":78},[68,36811,7833],{"class":160},[68,36813,730],{"class":78},[68,36815,36816],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36817,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36819,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36821,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36823,35852],{"class":106},[68,36825,472],{"class":78},[68,36827,21619],{"class":106},[68,36829,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36831,35862],{"class":128},[68,36833,79],{"class":78},[68,36835,3693],{"class":138},[68,36837,1113],{"class":78},[68,36839,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36841,1118],{"class":128},[68,36843,79],{"class":78},[68,36845,35877],{"class":138},[68,36847,472],{"class":78},[68,36849,8467],{"class":138},[68,36851,85],{"class":78},[33,36853,36854,36864],{},[36,36855,36856,4829,36858,1448,36860,1448,36862],{},[15,36857,35877],{},[15,36859,2192],{},[15,36861,469],{},[15,36863,2129],{},[36,36865,36866,4829,36868,1448,36870,1448,36872],{},[15,36867,665],{},[15,36869,438],{},[15,36871,15786],{},[15,36873,36874],{},"30",[20,36876,36877],{},"These are different things.",[1470,36879,36881],{"id":36880},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36883,36884,36885,36887],{},"Each item from ",[15,36886,35780],{}," is a pair.",[20,36889,6726],{},[59,36891,36893],{"className":61,"code":36892,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36894,36895,36919,36923,36943],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36896,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36898,7817],{"class":106},[68,36900,111],{"class":110},[68,36902,725],{"class":78},[68,36904,344],{"class":114},[68,36906,2245],{"class":118},[68,36908,344],{"class":114},[68,36910,472],{"class":78},[68,36912,115],{"class":114},[68,36914,11777],{"class":118},[68,36916,344],{"class":114},[68,36918,730],{"class":78},[68,36920,36921],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36922,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36924,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36926,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36928,36161],{"class":106},[68,36930,472],{"class":78},[68,36932,6001],{"class":106},[68,36934,3927],{"class":1098},[68,36936,35862],{"class":128},[68,36938,79],{"class":78},[68,36940,7848],{"class":138},[68,36942,1113],{"class":78},[68,36944,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,36946,1118],{"class":128},[68,36948,79],{"class":78},[68,36950,36186],{"class":138},[68,36952,472],{"class":78},[68,36954,29541],{"class":138},[68,36956,85],{"class":78},[20,36958,36959],{},"But this causes an error:",[59,36961,36963],{"className":61,"code":36962,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36964,36965,36989,36993,37018],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,36968,7817],{"class":106},[68,36970,111],{"class":110},[68,36972,725],{"class":78},[68,36974,344],{"class":114},[68,36976,2245],{"class":118},[68,36978,344],{"class":114},[68,36980,472],{"class":78},[68,36982,115],{"class":114},[68,36984,11777],{"class":118},[68,36986,344],{"class":114},[68,36988,730],{"class":78},[68,36990,36991],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,36992,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,36994,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,36996,5998],{"class":1098},[68,36998,36161],{"class":106},[68,37000,472],{"class":78},[68,37002,29541],{"class":106},[68,37004,472],{"class":78},[68,37006,37007],{"class":106}," extra ",[68,37009,3927],{"class":1098},[68,37011,35862],{"class":128},[68,37013,79],{"class":78},[68,37015,7848],{"class":138},[68,37017,1113],{"class":78},[68,37019,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37035],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,37021,1118],{"class":128},[68,37023,79],{"class":78},[68,37025,36186],{"class":138},[68,37027,472],{"class":78},[68,37029,29541],{"class":138},[68,37031,472],{"class":78},[68,37033,37034],{"class":138}," extra",[68,37036,85],{"class":78},[20,37038,1928,37039,37041],{},[15,37040,35780],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1470,37043,37045,37047],{"id":37044},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37046,35780],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37049,37050],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37052,37053],{},"Example with a string:",[59,37055,37057],{"className":61,"code":37056,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37058,37059,37085],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37060,37061,37063,37065,37067,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37081,37083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37062,5998],{"class":1098},[68,37064,35852],{"class":106},[68,37066,472],{"class":78},[68,37068,37069],{"class":106}," char ",[68,37071,3927],{"class":1098},[68,37073,35862],{"class":128},[68,37075,79],{"class":78},[68,37077,344],{"class":114},[68,37079,37080],{"class":118},"cat",[68,37082,344],{"class":114},[68,37084,1113],{"class":78},[68,37086,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37098],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37088,1118],{"class":128},[68,37090,79],{"class":78},[68,37092,35877],{"class":138},[68,37094,472],{"class":78},[68,37096,37097],{"class":138}," char",[68,37099,85],{"class":78},[20,37101,180],{},[59,37103,37105],{"className":61,"code":37104,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37106,37107,37113,37119],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37108,37109,37111],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37110,2192],{"class":160},[68,37112,36221],{"class":106},[68,37114,37115,37117],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37116,469],{"class":160},[68,37118,36207],{"class":106},[68,37120,37121,37123],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37122,2129],{"class":160},[68,37124,37125],{"class":106}," t\n",[20,37127,37128,37129,236],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[49,37130,5181],{"href":5626},[1470,37132,37134],{"id":37133},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37136,37137,37138,236],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37139,35780],{},[20,37141,37142,37143,37145],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37144,5998],{}," loop:",[59,37147,37149],{"className":61,"code":37148,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37150,37151,37183,37187,37199],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37152,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37154,13108],{"class":106},[68,37156,111],{"class":110},[68,37158,725],{"class":78},[68,37160,344],{"class":114},[68,37162,13125],{"class":118},[68,37164,344],{"class":114},[68,37166,472],{"class":78},[68,37168,115],{"class":114},[68,37170,17488],{"class":118},[68,37172,344],{"class":114},[68,37174,472],{"class":78},[68,37176,115],{"class":114},[68,37178,13142],{"class":118},[68,37180,344],{"class":114},[68,37182,730],{"class":78},[68,37184,37185],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37186,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,37188,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37190,5998],{"class":1098},[68,37192,35857],{"class":106},[68,37194,3927],{"class":1098},[68,37196,13156],{"class":106},[68,37198,1648],{"class":78},[68,37200,37201,37203,37205,37207],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,37202,1118],{"class":128},[68,37204,79],{"class":78},[68,37206,32924],{"class":138},[68,37208,85],{"class":78},[20,37210,37211],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[93,37213,1750],{"id":1749},[20,37215,37216],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,37218,37219,37224,37230,37235],{},[36,37220,23136,37221,37223],{},[15,37222,35780],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,37225,37226,37227,37229],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37228,2192],{}," by default",[36,37231,633,37232,37234],{},[15,37233,35780],{}," when only values are needed",[36,37236,37237,37238,8739,37240],{},"Confusing ",[15,37239,35780],{},[15,37241,36230],{},[20,37243,37244],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[59,37246,37248],{"className":61,"code":37247,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37249,37250,37272,37299,37333,37366],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37251,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37253,129],{"class":128},[68,37255,79],{"class":78},[68,37257,36074],{"class":128},[68,37259,466],{"class":78},[68,37261,438],{"class":160},[68,37263,472],{"class":78},[68,37265,7828],{"class":160},[68,37267,472],{"class":78},[68,37269,7833],{"class":160},[68,37271,483],{"class":78},[68,37273,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37275,129],{"class":128},[68,37277,79],{"class":78},[68,37279,274],{"class":74},[68,37281,79],{"class":78},[68,37283,36074],{"class":128},[68,37285,466],{"class":78},[68,37287,438],{"class":160},[68,37289,472],{"class":78},[68,37291,7828],{"class":160},[68,37293,472],{"class":78},[68,37295,7833],{"class":160},[68,37297,37298],{"class":78},"])))\n",[68,37300,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37302,129],{"class":128},[68,37304,79],{"class":78},[68,37306,274],{"class":74},[68,37308,79],{"class":78},[68,37310,36074],{"class":128},[68,37312,466],{"class":78},[68,37314,438],{"class":160},[68,37316,472],{"class":78},[68,37318,7828],{"class":160},[68,37320,472],{"class":78},[68,37322,7833],{"class":160},[68,37324,18095],{"class":78},[68,37326,36083],{"class":9206},[68,37328,111],{"class":110},[68,37330,469],{"class":160},[68,37332,2970],{"class":78},[68,37334,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,37336,5998],{"class":1098},[68,37338,36161],{"class":106},[68,37340,472],{"class":78},[68,37342,21619],{"class":106},[68,37344,3927],{"class":1098},[68,37346,35862],{"class":128},[68,37348,466],{"class":78},[68,37350,203],{"class":114},[68,37352,49],{"class":118},[68,37354,203],{"class":114},[68,37356,472],{"class":78},[68,37358,197],{"class":114},[68,37360,4806],{"class":118},[68,37362,203],{"class":114},[68,37364,37365],{"class":78},"]):\n",[68,37367,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,37369,1118],{"class":128},[68,37371,79],{"class":78},[68,37373,36186],{"class":138},[68,37375,472],{"class":78},[68,37377,8467],{"class":138},[68,37379,85],{"class":78},[20,37381,16991],{},[59,37383,37385],{"className":61,"code":37384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37386,37387,37407,37439,37471,37477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37388,37389,37391,37393,37395,37398,37402,37405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37390,190],{"class":110},[68,37392,36074],{"class":128},[68,37394,24653],{"class":74},[68,37396,37397],{"class":106}," at ",[68,37399,37401],{"class":37400},"srjyR","0x",[68,37403,37404],{"class":34486},"...",[68,37406,206],{"class":110},[68,37408,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37410,21775],{"class":78},[68,37412,2192],{"class":160},[68,37414,472],{"class":78},[68,37416,6045],{"class":160},[68,37418,9263],{"class":78},[68,37420,9266],{"class":78},[68,37422,469],{"class":160},[68,37424,472],{"class":78},[68,37426,7828],{"class":160},[68,37428,9263],{"class":78},[68,37430,9266],{"class":78},[68,37432,2129],{"class":160},[68,37434,472],{"class":78},[68,37436,7833],{"class":160},[68,37438,9279],{"class":78},[68,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37442,21775],{"class":78},[68,37444,469],{"class":160},[68,37446,472],{"class":78},[68,37448,6045],{"class":160},[68,37450,9263],{"class":78},[68,37452,9266],{"class":78},[68,37454,2129],{"class":160},[68,37456,472],{"class":78},[68,37458,7828],{"class":160},[68,37460,9263],{"class":78},[68,37462,9266],{"class":78},[68,37464,2135],{"class":160},[68,37466,472],{"class":78},[68,37468,7833],{"class":160},[68,37470,9279],{"class":78},[68,37472,37473,37475],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,37474,2192],{"class":160},[68,37476,36207],{"class":106},[68,37478,37479,37481],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,37480,469],{"class":160},[68,37482,36214],{"class":106},[93,37484,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,37486,1878,37488,1881],{"id":37487},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37489,35780],{},[20,37491,37492],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1470,37494,12736,37496,37498],{"id":37495},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37497,35780],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37500,37501,37502,37504,37505,37508],{},"It starts at ",[15,37503,2192],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37506,37507],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1470,37510,21455,37512,1776,37514,1906],{"id":37511},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37513,35780],{},[15,37515,37516],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37518,36625,37519,37521],{},[15,37520,35780],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1470,37523,1939,37525,37527],{"id":37524},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37526,35780],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37529,37530,37531,37533],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37532,35780],{}," can return each character with its index.",[93,37535,1952],{"id":1951},[33,37537,37538,37542,37548,37555],{},[36,37539,37540],{},[49,37541,36060],{"href":36059},[36,37543,37544],{},[49,37545,13,37546,1151],{"href":36227},[15,37547,36230],{},[36,37549,37550],{},[49,37551,37552,37553,36641],{"href":36637},"How to use ",[15,37554,35780],{},[36,37556,37557],{},[49,37558,5258],{"href":5626},[1995,37560,37561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":37563},[37564,37565,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37581,37582,37592],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":35920,"depth":125,"text":37566},"What enumerate() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":36233,"depth":125,"text":37569},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36448,"depth":125,"text":37571},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36644,"depth":125,"text":37573},"Using the start argument",{"id":1461,"depth":125,"text":1462,"children":37575},[37576,37577,37578,37580],{"id":36784,"depth":145,"text":36785},{"id":36880,"depth":145,"text":36881},{"id":37044,"depth":145,"text":37579},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37133,"depth":145,"text":37134},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":37583},[37584,37586,37588,37590],{"id":37487,"depth":145,"text":37585},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37495,"depth":145,"text":37587},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37511,"depth":145,"text":37589},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37524,"depth":145,"text":37591},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35772,"description":37593},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37600,"title":37601,"body":37602,"description":40118,"extension":2033,"meta":40119,"navigation":148,"path":40120,"seo":40121,"stem":40122,"__hash__":40123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37603,"toc":40075},[37604,37610,37615,37618,37626,37640,37642,37733,37741,37746,37751,37753,37769,37771,37850,37852,37869,37875,37879,37881,37902,37906,37909,37921,37925,37928,37931,37948,37951,38027,38029,38046,38051,38055,38063,38066,38081,38083,38172,38174,38219,38222,38226,38229,38308,38310,38332,38335,38342,38347,38350,38453,38455,38480,38483,38490,38496,38501,38504,38515,38621,38623,38644,38652,38659,38665,38684,38689,38692,38711,38713,38798,38800,38829,38832,38837,38842,38845,38856,38858,38947,38949,38969,38975,39081,39083,39103,39106,39190,39192,39212,39219,39221,39225,39231,39234,39291,39294,39297,39358,39367,39370,39373,39401,39404,39464,39466,39483,39487,39490,39568,39570,39590,39593,39668,39672,39675,39677,39686,39691,39693,39744,39752,39764,39769,39830,39832,39849,39853,39916,39918,39943,39951,39953,39959,39965,39972,39980,39986,39989,39996,40006,40012,40018,40021,40038,40044,40046,40072],[10,37605,13,37607,18],{"id":37606},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37608,37609],{},"filter()",[20,37611,37612,37614],{},[15,37613,37609],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37616,37617],{},"It takes:",[33,37619,37620,37623],{},[36,37621,37622],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,37624,37625],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37627,37628,37629,37632,37633,37636,37637,37639],{},"The result is ",[1301,37630,37631],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37634,37635],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37638,24816],{}," to see the values.",[93,37641,2075],{"id":2074},[59,37643,37645],{"className":61,"code":37644,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37646,37647,37680,37716],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37648,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37678],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37650,3663],{"class":106},[68,37652,111],{"class":110},[68,37654,725],{"class":78},[68,37656,469],{"class":160},[68,37658,472],{"class":78},[68,37660,475],{"class":160},[68,37662,472],{"class":78},[68,37664,480],{"class":160},[68,37666,472],{"class":78},[68,37668,2521],{"class":160},[68,37670,472],{"class":78},[68,37672,4650],{"class":160},[68,37674,472],{"class":78},[68,37676,37677],{"class":160}," 6",[68,37679,730],{"class":78},[68,37681,37682,37684,37686,37689,37691,37694,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37683,2297],{"class":106},[68,37685,111],{"class":110},[68,37687,37688],{"class":128}," filter",[68,37690,79],{"class":78},[68,37692,37693],{"class":193},"lambda",[68,37695,37697],{"class":37696},"sFwrP"," x",[68,37699,503],{"class":78},[68,37701,3924],{"class":138},[68,37703,6444],{"class":110},[68,37705,475],{"class":160},[68,37707,1639],{"class":110},[68,37709,3880],{"class":160},[68,37711,472],{"class":78},[68,37713,4308],{"class":138},[68,37715,85],{"class":78},[68,37717,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37719,129],{"class":128},[68,37721,79],{"class":78},[68,37723,274],{"class":74},[68,37725,79],{"class":78},[68,37727,2331],{"class":138},[68,37729,1636],{"class":78},[68,37731,37732],{"class":3708},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37734,37735,37737,37738,37740],{},[15,37736,37609],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37739,24816],{}," to see the results.",[93,37742,3722,37744,3725],{"id":37743},"what-filter-does",[15,37745,37609],{},[20,37747,37748,37750],{},[15,37749,37609],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37752,2179],{},[33,37754,37755,37758,37764],{},[36,37756,37757],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,37759,37760,37761,37763],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37762,290],{},", the item is kept",[36,37765,37760,37766,37768],{},[15,37767,293],{},", the item is removed",[20,37770,326],{},[59,37772,37774],{"className":61,"code":37773,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37775,37776,37804,37808,37836],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37777,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37779,3663],{"class":106},[68,37781,111],{"class":110},[68,37783,725],{"class":78},[68,37785,469],{"class":160},[68,37787,472],{"class":78},[68,37789,475],{"class":160},[68,37791,472],{"class":78},[68,37793,480],{"class":160},[68,37795,472],{"class":78},[68,37797,2521],{"class":160},[68,37799,472],{"class":78},[68,37801,4650],{"class":160},[68,37803,730],{"class":78},[68,37805,37806],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37807,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,37809,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37811,2297],{"class":106},[68,37813,111],{"class":110},[68,37815,37688],{"class":128},[68,37817,79],{"class":78},[68,37819,37693],{"class":193},[68,37821,37697],{"class":37696},[68,37823,503],{"class":78},[68,37825,3924],{"class":138},[68,37827,4297],{"class":110},[68,37829,480],{"class":160},[68,37831,472],{"class":78},[68,37833,4308],{"class":138},[68,37835,85],{"class":78},[68,37837,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,37839,129],{"class":128},[68,37841,79],{"class":78},[68,37843,274],{"class":74},[68,37845,79],{"class":78},[68,37847,2331],{"class":138},[68,37849,142],{"class":78},[20,37851,180],{},[59,37853,37855],{"className":61,"code":37854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37856,37857],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37860,795],{"class":78},[68,37862,2568],{"class":160},[68,37864,472],{"class":78},[68,37866,4650],{"class":160},[68,37868,730],{"class":78},[20,37870,37871,37872,37874],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37873,2135],{}," are kept.",[93,37876,37878],{"id":37877},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37880,2231],{},[59,37882,37884],{"className":61,"code":37883,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37885,37886],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37887,37888,37890,37892,37895,37897,37900],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37889,37635],{"class":128},[68,37891,79],{"class":78},[68,37893,37894],{"class":138},"function",[68,37896,472],{"class":78},[68,37898,37899],{"class":138}," iterable",[68,37901,85],{"class":78},[1470,37903,37904],{"id":37894},[15,37905,37894],{},[20,37907,37908],{},"This is the test function.",[33,37910,37911,37914],{},[36,37912,37913],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,37915,37916,37917,384,37919],{},"It should return ",[15,37918,290],{},[15,37920,293],{},[1470,37922,37923],{"id":3766},[15,37924,3766],{},[20,37926,37927],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37929,37930],{},"It can be:",[33,37932,37933,37936,37939,37942,37945],{},[36,37934,37935],{},"a list",[36,37937,37938],{},"a tuple",[36,37940,37941],{},"a string",[36,37943,37944],{},"a set",[36,37946,37947],{},"another iterable object",[20,37949,37950],{},"Example with a tuple:",[59,37952,37954],{"className":61,"code":37953,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37955,37956,37981,37985,38013],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,37957,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,37959,3663],{"class":106},[68,37961,111],{"class":110},[68,37963,9266],{"class":78},[68,37965,438],{"class":160},[68,37967,472],{"class":78},[68,37969,37970],{"class":160}," 15",[68,37972,472],{"class":78},[68,37974,7828],{"class":160},[68,37976,472],{"class":78},[68,37978,9335],{"class":160},[68,37980,85],{"class":78},[68,37982,37983],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,37984,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,37986,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,37988,2297],{"class":106},[68,37990,111],{"class":110},[68,37992,37688],{"class":128},[68,37994,79],{"class":78},[68,37996,37693],{"class":193},[68,37998,37697],{"class":37696},[68,38000,503],{"class":78},[68,38002,3924],{"class":138},[68,38004,5143],{"class":110},[68,38006,7828],{"class":160},[68,38008,472],{"class":78},[68,38010,4308],{"class":138},[68,38012,85],{"class":78},[68,38014,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38016,129],{"class":128},[68,38018,79],{"class":78},[68,38020,274],{"class":74},[68,38022,79],{"class":78},[68,38024,2331],{"class":138},[68,38026,142],{"class":78},[20,38028,180],{},[59,38030,38032],{"className":61,"code":38031,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38033,38034],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38035,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38037,795],{"class":78},[68,38039,15786],{"class":160},[68,38041,472],{"class":78},[68,38043,9335],{"class":160},[68,38045,730],{"class":78},[20,38047,38048,38049,236],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[49,38050,5181],{"href":5626},[93,38052,38054],{"id":38053},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38056,38057,38058,22010,38060,236],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38059,37609],{},[1301,38061,38062],{},"filter object",[20,38064,38065],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,38067,38068,38071,38076],{},[36,38069,38070],{},"loop through it",[36,38072,38073,38074],{},"convert it with ",[15,38075,24816],{},[36,38077,38073,38078],{},[15,38079,38080],{},"tuple()",[20,38082,326],{},[59,38084,38086],{"className":61,"code":38085,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38087,38088,38130,38134,38144,38158],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38089,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38091,2297],{"class":106},[68,38093,111],{"class":110},[68,38095,37688],{"class":128},[68,38097,79],{"class":78},[68,38099,37693],{"class":193},[68,38101,37697],{"class":37696},[68,38103,503],{"class":78},[68,38105,3924],{"class":138},[68,38107,4297],{"class":110},[68,38109,475],{"class":160},[68,38111,472],{"class":78},[68,38113,725],{"class":78},[68,38115,469],{"class":160},[68,38117,472],{"class":78},[68,38119,475],{"class":160},[68,38121,472],{"class":78},[68,38123,480],{"class":160},[68,38125,472],{"class":78},[68,38127,2521],{"class":160},[68,38129,3933],{"class":78},[68,38131,38132],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38133,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38135,38136,38138,38140,38142],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38137,129],{"class":128},[68,38139,79],{"class":78},[68,38141,2331],{"class":138},[68,38143,85],{"class":78},[68,38145,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38147,129],{"class":128},[68,38149,79],{"class":78},[68,38151,75],{"class":74},[68,38153,79],{"class":78},[68,38155,2331],{"class":138},[68,38157,142],{"class":78},[68,38159,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,38161,129],{"class":128},[68,38163,79],{"class":78},[68,38165,274],{"class":74},[68,38167,79],{"class":78},[68,38169,2331],{"class":138},[68,38171,142],{"class":78},[20,38173,180],{},[59,38175,38177],{"className":61,"code":38176,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38178,38179,38193,38207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38180,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38182,190],{"class":110},[68,38184,37635],{"class":128},[68,38186,24653],{"class":74},[68,38188,37397],{"class":106},[68,38190,37404],{"class":34486},[68,38192,206],{"class":110},[68,38194,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38196,190],{"class":110},[68,38198,194],{"class":193},[68,38200,197],{"class":114},[68,38202,37635],{"class":118},[68,38204,203],{"class":114},[68,38206,206],{"class":110},[68,38208,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38210,795],{"class":78},[68,38212,2135],{"class":160},[68,38214,472],{"class":78},[68,38216,2521],{"class":160},[68,38218,730],{"class":78},[20,38220,38221],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1470,38223,38225],{"id":38224},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38227,38228],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[59,38230,38232],{"className":61,"code":38231,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38233,38234,38276,38280,38294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38235,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38237,2297],{"class":106},[68,38239,111],{"class":110},[68,38241,37688],{"class":128},[68,38243,79],{"class":78},[68,38245,37693],{"class":193},[68,38247,37697],{"class":37696},[68,38249,503],{"class":78},[68,38251,3924],{"class":138},[68,38253,4297],{"class":110},[68,38255,475],{"class":160},[68,38257,472],{"class":78},[68,38259,725],{"class":78},[68,38261,469],{"class":160},[68,38263,472],{"class":78},[68,38265,475],{"class":160},[68,38267,472],{"class":78},[68,38269,480],{"class":160},[68,38271,472],{"class":78},[68,38273,2521],{"class":160},[68,38275,3933],{"class":78},[68,38277,38278],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38279,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38281,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38283,129],{"class":128},[68,38285,79],{"class":78},[68,38287,274],{"class":74},[68,38289,79],{"class":78},[68,38291,2331],{"class":138},[68,38293,142],{"class":78},[68,38295,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38297,129],{"class":128},[68,38299,79],{"class":78},[68,38301,274],{"class":74},[68,38303,79],{"class":78},[68,38305,2331],{"class":138},[68,38307,142],{"class":78},[20,38309,180],{},[59,38311,38313],{"className":61,"code":38312,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38314,38315,38327],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38316,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38318,795],{"class":78},[68,38320,2135],{"class":160},[68,38322,472],{"class":78},[68,38324,2521],{"class":160},[68,38326,730],{"class":78},[68,38328,38329],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38330,38331],{"class":78},"[]\n",[20,38333,38334],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[93,38336,633,38338,8739,38340],{"id":38337},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38339,37609],{},[15,38341,37693],{},[20,38343,15220,38344,38346],{},[15,38345,37693],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38348,38349],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[59,38351,38353],{"className":61,"code":38352,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38354,38355,38397,38401,38439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38356,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38393,38395],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38358,4114],{"class":106},[68,38360,111],{"class":110},[68,38362,725],{"class":78},[68,38364,344],{"class":114},[68,38366,4123],{"class":118},[68,38368,344],{"class":114},[68,38370,472],{"class":78},[68,38372,115],{"class":114},[68,38374,38375],{"class":118},"kiwi",[68,38377,344],{"class":114},[68,38379,472],{"class":78},[68,38381,115],{"class":114},[68,38383,4132],{"class":118},[68,38385,344],{"class":114},[68,38387,472],{"class":78},[68,38389,115],{"class":114},[68,38391,38392],{"class":118},"fig",[68,38394,344],{"class":114},[68,38396,730],{"class":78},[68,38398,38399],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38400,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38416,38418,38421,38423,38426,38428,38431,38433,38435,38437],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38404,2297],{"class":106},[68,38406,111],{"class":110},[68,38408,37688],{"class":128},[68,38410,79],{"class":78},[68,38412,37693],{"class":193},[68,38414,38415],{"class":37696}," word",[68,38417,503],{"class":78},[68,38419,38420],{"class":128}," len",[68,38422,79],{"class":78},[68,38424,38425],{"class":138},"word",[68,38427,1701],{"class":78},[68,38429,38430],{"class":110}," >",[68,38432,2521],{"class":160},[68,38434,472],{"class":78},[68,38436,6209],{"class":138},[68,38438,85],{"class":78},[68,38440,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38442,129],{"class":128},[68,38444,79],{"class":78},[68,38446,274],{"class":74},[68,38448,79],{"class":78},[68,38450,2331],{"class":138},[68,38452,142],{"class":78},[20,38454,180],{},[59,38456,38458],{"className":61,"code":38457,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38459,38460],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38461,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38463,795],{"class":78},[68,38465,203],{"class":114},[68,38467,4123],{"class":118},[68,38469,203],{"class":114},[68,38471,472],{"class":78},[68,38473,197],{"class":114},[68,38475,4132],{"class":118},[68,38477,203],{"class":114},[68,38479,730],{"class":78},[20,38481,38482],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38484,38485,38486,236],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[49,38487,38489],{"href":38488},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[93,38491,633,38493,38495],{"id":38492},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38494,37609],{}," with a named function",[20,38497,38498,38499,236],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38500,37693],{},[20,38502,38503],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,38505,38506,38509,38512],{},[36,38507,38508],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,38510,38511],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,38513,38514],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[59,38516,38518],{"className":61,"code":38517,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38519,38520,38533,38548,38552,38584,38603,38607],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38521,38522,38524,38527,38529,38531],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38523,34881],{"class":193},[68,38525,38526],{"class":34884}," is_even",[68,38528,79],{"class":78},[68,38530,175],{"class":37696},[68,38532,1113],{"class":78},[68,38534,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38536,34892],{"class":1098},[68,38538,6428],{"class":106},[68,38540,6444],{"class":110},[68,38542,475],{"class":160},[68,38544,1639],{"class":110},[68,38546,38547],{"class":160}," 0\n",[68,38549,38550],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38551,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38553,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38555,3663],{"class":106},[68,38557,111],{"class":110},[68,38559,725],{"class":78},[68,38561,469],{"class":160},[68,38563,472],{"class":78},[68,38565,475],{"class":160},[68,38567,472],{"class":78},[68,38569,480],{"class":160},[68,38571,472],{"class":78},[68,38573,2521],{"class":160},[68,38575,472],{"class":78},[68,38577,4650],{"class":160},[68,38579,472],{"class":78},[68,38581,37677],{"class":160},[68,38583,730],{"class":78},[68,38585,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38597,38599,38601],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,38587,2297],{"class":106},[68,38589,111],{"class":110},[68,38591,37688],{"class":128},[68,38593,79],{"class":78},[68,38595,38596],{"class":138},"is_even",[68,38598,472],{"class":78},[68,38600,4308],{"class":138},[68,38602,85],{"class":78},[68,38604,38605],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,38606,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,38610,129],{"class":128},[68,38612,79],{"class":78},[68,38614,274],{"class":74},[68,38616,79],{"class":78},[68,38618,2331],{"class":138},[68,38620,142],{"class":78},[20,38622,180],{},[59,38624,38626],{"className":61,"code":38625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38627,38628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38629,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38631,795],{"class":78},[68,38633,2129],{"class":160},[68,38635,472],{"class":78},[68,38637,2521],{"class":160},[68,38639,472],{"class":78},[68,38641,37677],{"class":160},[68,38643,730],{"class":78},[20,38645,20805,38646,1541,38649,38651],{},[15,38647,38648],{},"is_even()",[15,38650,290],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[93,38653,633,38655,8739,38657],{"id":38654},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38656,3824],{},[15,38658,37609],{},[20,38660,38661,38662,38664],{},"You can pass ",[15,38663,3824],{}," as the first argument:",[59,38666,38668],{"className":61,"code":38667,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38669,38670],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38671,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38673,37635],{"class":128},[68,38675,79],{"class":78},[68,38677,3824],{"class":526},[68,38679,472],{"class":78},[68,38681,37899],{"class":138},[68,38683,85],{"class":78},[20,38685,38686,38687,7377],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1301,38688,5636],{},[20,38690,38691],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,38693,38694,38698,38703,38707],{},[36,38695,38696],{},[15,38697,2192],{},[36,38699,38700,38702],{},[15,38701,3819],{}," (empty string)",[36,38704,38705],{},[15,38706,3824],{},[36,38708,38709],{},[15,38710,293],{},[20,38712,326],{},[59,38714,38716],{"className":61,"code":38715,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38717,38718,38762,38766,38784],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38719,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38721,7817],{"class":106},[68,38723,111],{"class":110},[68,38725,725],{"class":78},[68,38727,2192],{"class":160},[68,38729,472],{"class":78},[68,38731,5539],{"class":160},[68,38733,472],{"class":78},[68,38735,6167],{"class":114},[68,38737,472],{"class":78},[68,38739,115],{"class":114},[68,38741,347],{"class":118},[68,38743,344],{"class":114},[68,38745,472],{"class":78},[68,38747,3898],{"class":526},[68,38749,472],{"class":78},[68,38751,3960],{"class":526},[68,38753,472],{"class":78},[68,38755,3951],{"class":526},[68,38757,472],{"class":78},[68,38759,4650],{"class":160},[68,38761,730],{"class":78},[68,38763,38764],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38765,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38767,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38769,2297],{"class":106},[68,38771,111],{"class":110},[68,38773,37688],{"class":128},[68,38775,79],{"class":78},[68,38777,3824],{"class":526},[68,38779,472],{"class":78},[68,38781,6006],{"class":138},[68,38783,85],{"class":78},[68,38785,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38787,129],{"class":128},[68,38789,79],{"class":78},[68,38791,274],{"class":74},[68,38793,79],{"class":78},[68,38795,2331],{"class":138},[68,38797,142],{"class":78},[20,38799,180],{},[59,38801,38803],{"className":61,"code":38802,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38804,38805],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38808,795],{"class":78},[68,38810,469],{"class":160},[68,38812,472],{"class":78},[68,38814,197],{"class":114},[68,38816,347],{"class":118},[68,38818,203],{"class":114},[68,38820,472],{"class":78},[68,38822,3960],{"class":526},[68,38824,472],{"class":78},[68,38826,4650],{"class":160},[68,38828,730],{"class":78},[20,38830,38831],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[93,38833,1311,38835],{"id":38834},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38836,37609],{},[20,38838,224,38839,38841],{},[15,38840,37609],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38843,38844],{},"It works well for:",[33,38846,38847,38850,38853],{},[36,38848,38849],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,38851,38852],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,38854,38855],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38857,326],{},[59,38859,38861],{"className":61,"code":38860,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38862,38863,38895,38928,38932],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38866,3663],{"class":106},[68,38868,111],{"class":110},[68,38870,725],{"class":78},[68,38872,469],{"class":160},[68,38874,472],{"class":78},[68,38876,475],{"class":160},[68,38878,472],{"class":78},[68,38880,480],{"class":160},[68,38882,472],{"class":78},[68,38884,2521],{"class":160},[68,38886,472],{"class":78},[68,38888,4650],{"class":160},[68,38890,472],{"class":78},[68,38892,37677],{"class":160},[68,38894,730],{"class":78},[68,38896,38897,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,38898,38899],{"class":106},"evens ",[68,38901,111],{"class":110},[68,38903,37688],{"class":128},[68,38905,79],{"class":78},[68,38907,37693],{"class":193},[68,38909,37697],{"class":37696},[68,38911,503],{"class":78},[68,38913,3924],{"class":138},[68,38915,6444],{"class":110},[68,38917,475],{"class":160},[68,38919,1639],{"class":110},[68,38921,3880],{"class":160},[68,38923,472],{"class":78},[68,38925,4308],{"class":138},[68,38927,85],{"class":78},[68,38929,38930],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,38931,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,38933,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38945],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,38935,129],{"class":128},[68,38937,79],{"class":78},[68,38939,274],{"class":74},[68,38941,79],{"class":78},[68,38943,38944],{"class":138},"evens",[68,38946,142],{"class":78},[20,38948,180],{},[59,38950,38951],{"className":61,"code":38625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,38952,38953],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38954,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38956,795],{"class":78},[68,38958,2129],{"class":160},[68,38960,472],{"class":78},[68,38962,2521],{"class":160},[68,38964,472],{"class":78},[68,38966,37677],{"class":160},[68,38968,730],{"class":78},[20,38970,38971,38972,38974],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38973,5998],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[59,38976,38978],{"className":61,"code":38977,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38979,38980,39012,39020,39024,39036,39052,39067,39071],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,38981,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,38983,3663],{"class":106},[68,38985,111],{"class":110},[68,38987,725],{"class":78},[68,38989,469],{"class":160},[68,38991,472],{"class":78},[68,38993,475],{"class":160},[68,38995,472],{"class":78},[68,38997,480],{"class":160},[68,38999,472],{"class":78},[68,39001,2521],{"class":160},[68,39003,472],{"class":78},[68,39005,4650],{"class":160},[68,39007,472],{"class":78},[68,39009,37677],{"class":160},[68,39011,730],{"class":78},[68,39013,39014,39016,39018],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39015,38899],{"class":106},[68,39017,111],{"class":110},[68,39019,7877],{"class":78},[68,39021,39022],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,39023,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,39025,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,39027,5998],{"class":1098},[68,39029,6428],{"class":106},[68,39031,3927],{"class":1098},[68,39033,4308],{"class":106},[68,39035,1648],{"class":78},[68,39037,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,39039,6439],{"class":1098},[68,39041,6428],{"class":106},[68,39043,6444],{"class":110},[68,39045,475],{"class":160},[68,39047,1639],{"class":110},[68,39049,3880],{"class":160},[68,39051,1648],{"class":78},[68,39053,39054,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,39055,39056],{"class":106},"        evens",[68,39058,236],{"class":78},[68,39060,13585],{"class":138},[68,39062,79],{"class":78},[68,39064,175],{"class":138},[68,39066,85],{"class":78},[68,39068,39069],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,39070,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,39072,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,39074,129],{"class":128},[68,39076,79],{"class":78},[68,39078,38944],{"class":138},[68,39080,85],{"class":78},[20,39082,180],{},[59,39084,39085],{"className":61,"code":38625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,39086,39087],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39088,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39090,795],{"class":78},[68,39092,2129],{"class":160},[68,39094,472],{"class":78},[68,39096,2521],{"class":160},[68,39098,472],{"class":78},[68,39100,37677],{"class":160},[68,39102,730],{"class":78},[20,39104,39105],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[59,39107,39109],{"className":61,"code":39108,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39110,39111,39143,39176,39180],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39112,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39114,3663],{"class":106},[68,39116,111],{"class":110},[68,39118,725],{"class":78},[68,39120,469],{"class":160},[68,39122,472],{"class":78},[68,39124,475],{"class":160},[68,39126,472],{"class":78},[68,39128,480],{"class":160},[68,39130,472],{"class":78},[68,39132,2521],{"class":160},[68,39134,472],{"class":78},[68,39136,4650],{"class":160},[68,39138,472],{"class":78},[68,39140,37677],{"class":160},[68,39142,730],{"class":78},[68,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39146,38899],{"class":106},[68,39148,111],{"class":110},[68,39150,725],{"class":78},[68,39152,155],{"class":106},[68,39154,5998],{"class":1098},[68,39156,6428],{"class":106},[68,39158,3927],{"class":1098},[68,39160,39161],{"class":106}," numbers ",[68,39163,1099],{"class":1098},[68,39165,6428],{"class":106},[68,39167,6444],{"class":110},[68,39169,475],{"class":160},[68,39171,1639],{"class":110},[68,39173,3880],{"class":160},[68,39175,730],{"class":78},[68,39177,39178],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,39179,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,39181,39182,39184,39186,39188],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,39183,129],{"class":128},[68,39185,79],{"class":78},[68,39187,38944],{"class":138},[68,39189,85],{"class":78},[20,39191,180],{},[59,39193,39194],{"className":61,"code":38625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,39195,39196],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39199,795],{"class":78},[68,39201,2129],{"class":160},[68,39203,472],{"class":78},[68,39205,2521],{"class":160},[68,39207,472],{"class":78},[68,39209,37677],{"class":160},[68,39211,730],{"class":78},[20,39213,39214,39215,236],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[49,39216,39218],{"href":39217},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[93,39220,1750],{"id":1749},[20,39222,1753,39223,236],{},[15,39224,37609],{},[1470,39226,1770,39228,39230],{"id":39227},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39229,37609],{}," to return a list",[20,39232,39233],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[59,39235,39237],{"className":61,"code":39236,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39238,39239,39281],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39240,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39242,2297],{"class":106},[68,39244,111],{"class":110},[68,39246,37688],{"class":128},[68,39248,79],{"class":78},[68,39250,37693],{"class":193},[68,39252,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39254,503],{"class":78},[68,39256,3924],{"class":138},[68,39258,4297],{"class":110},[68,39260,475],{"class":160},[68,39262,472],{"class":78},[68,39264,725],{"class":78},[68,39266,469],{"class":160},[68,39268,472],{"class":78},[68,39270,475],{"class":160},[68,39272,472],{"class":78},[68,39274,480],{"class":160},[68,39276,472],{"class":78},[68,39278,2521],{"class":160},[68,39280,3933],{"class":78},[68,39282,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39284,129],{"class":128},[68,39286,79],{"class":78},[68,39288,2331],{"class":138},[68,39290,85],{"class":78},[20,39292,39293],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39295,39296],{},"Fix:",[59,39298,39300],{"className":61,"code":39299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39301,39302,39344],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39303,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39305,2297],{"class":106},[68,39307,111],{"class":110},[68,39309,37688],{"class":128},[68,39311,79],{"class":78},[68,39313,37693],{"class":193},[68,39315,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39317,503],{"class":78},[68,39319,3924],{"class":138},[68,39321,4297],{"class":110},[68,39323,475],{"class":160},[68,39325,472],{"class":78},[68,39327,725],{"class":78},[68,39329,469],{"class":160},[68,39331,472],{"class":78},[68,39333,475],{"class":160},[68,39335,472],{"class":78},[68,39337,480],{"class":160},[68,39339,472],{"class":78},[68,39341,2521],{"class":160},[68,39343,3933],{"class":78},[68,39345,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39347,129],{"class":128},[68,39349,79],{"class":78},[68,39351,274],{"class":74},[68,39353,79],{"class":78},[68,39355,2331],{"class":138},[68,39357,142],{"class":78},[1470,39359,39361,39362,384,39364,39366],{"id":39360},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39363,290],{},[15,39365,293],{}," clearly",[20,39368,39369],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39371,39372],{},"Good example:",[59,39374,39376],{"className":61,"code":39375,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39377,39378,39391],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39379,39380,39382,39385,39387,39389],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39381,34881],{"class":193},[68,39383,39384],{"class":34884}," is_positive",[68,39386,79],{"class":78},[68,39388,175],{"class":37696},[68,39390,1113],{"class":78},[68,39392,39393,39395,39397,39399],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39394,34892],{"class":1098},[68,39396,6428],{"class":106},[68,39398,4297],{"class":110},[68,39400,38547],{"class":160},[20,39402,39403],{},"Then use it with:",[59,39405,39407],{"className":61,"code":39406,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39408,39409,39441],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39410,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39412,3663],{"class":106},[68,39414,111],{"class":110},[68,39416,725],{"class":78},[68,39418,2094],{"class":110},[68,39420,2129],{"class":160},[68,39422,472],{"class":78},[68,39424,2289],{"class":110},[68,39426,469],{"class":160},[68,39428,472],{"class":78},[68,39430,3880],{"class":160},[68,39432,472],{"class":78},[68,39434,5539],{"class":160},[68,39436,472],{"class":78},[68,39438,475],{"class":160},[68,39440,730],{"class":78},[68,39442,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39458,39460,39462],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39444,129],{"class":128},[68,39446,79],{"class":78},[68,39448,274],{"class":74},[68,39450,79],{"class":78},[68,39452,37635],{"class":128},[68,39454,79],{"class":78},[68,39456,39457],{"class":138},"is_positive",[68,39459,472],{"class":78},[68,39461,4308],{"class":138},[68,39463,2970],{"class":78},[20,39465,180],{},[59,39467,39469],{"className":61,"code":39468,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39470,39471],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39472,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39474,795],{"class":78},[68,39476,469],{"class":160},[68,39478,472],{"class":78},[68,39480,475],{"class":160},[68,39482,730],{"class":78},[1470,39484,39486],{"id":39485},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39488,39489],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[59,39491,39492],{"className":61,"code":38231,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,39493,39494,39536,39540,39554],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39497,2297],{"class":106},[68,39499,111],{"class":110},[68,39501,37688],{"class":128},[68,39503,79],{"class":78},[68,39505,37693],{"class":193},[68,39507,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39509,503],{"class":78},[68,39511,3924],{"class":138},[68,39513,4297],{"class":110},[68,39515,475],{"class":160},[68,39517,472],{"class":78},[68,39519,725],{"class":78},[68,39521,469],{"class":160},[68,39523,472],{"class":78},[68,39525,475],{"class":160},[68,39527,472],{"class":78},[68,39529,480],{"class":160},[68,39531,472],{"class":78},[68,39533,2521],{"class":160},[68,39535,3933],{"class":78},[68,39537,39538],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39539,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,39541,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,39543,129],{"class":128},[68,39545,79],{"class":78},[68,39547,274],{"class":74},[68,39549,79],{"class":78},[68,39551,2331],{"class":138},[68,39553,142],{"class":78},[68,39555,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,39557,129],{"class":128},[68,39559,79],{"class":78},[68,39561,274],{"class":74},[68,39563,79],{"class":78},[68,39565,2331],{"class":138},[68,39567,142],{"class":78},[20,39569,180],{},[59,39571,39572],{"className":61,"code":38312,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,39573,39574,39586],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39577,795],{"class":78},[68,39579,2135],{"class":160},[68,39581,472],{"class":78},[68,39583,2521],{"class":160},[68,39585,730],{"class":78},[68,39587,39588],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39589,38331],{"class":78},[20,39591,39592],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[59,39594,39596],{"className":61,"code":39595,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39597,39598,39644,39648,39658],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39599,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39601,2297],{"class":106},[68,39603,111],{"class":110},[68,39605,22595],{"class":74},[68,39607,79],{"class":78},[68,39609,37635],{"class":128},[68,39611,79],{"class":78},[68,39613,37693],{"class":193},[68,39615,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39617,503],{"class":78},[68,39619,3924],{"class":138},[68,39621,4297],{"class":110},[68,39623,475],{"class":160},[68,39625,472],{"class":78},[68,39627,725],{"class":78},[68,39629,469],{"class":160},[68,39631,472],{"class":78},[68,39633,475],{"class":160},[68,39635,472],{"class":78},[68,39637,480],{"class":160},[68,39639,472],{"class":78},[68,39641,2521],{"class":160},[68,39643,483],{"class":78},[68,39645,39646],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39647,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,39649,39650,39652,39654,39656],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,39651,129],{"class":128},[68,39653,79],{"class":78},[68,39655,2331],{"class":138},[68,39657,85],{"class":78},[68,39659,39660,39662,39664,39666],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,39661,129],{"class":128},[68,39663,79],{"class":78},[68,39665,2331],{"class":138},[68,39667,85],{"class":78},[1470,39669,39671],{"id":39670},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39673,39674],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39676,16676],{},[59,39678,39680],{"className":61,"code":39679,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39681,39682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39683,39684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39685,39679],{"class":3708},[20,39687,39688,39689,6590],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39690,438],{},[20,39692,16688],{},[59,39694,39696],{"className":61,"code":39695,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39697,39698],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39699,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39701,129],{"class":128},[68,39703,79],{"class":78},[68,39705,274],{"class":74},[68,39707,79],{"class":78},[68,39709,37635],{"class":128},[68,39711,79],{"class":78},[68,39713,37693],{"class":193},[68,39715,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39717,503],{"class":78},[68,39719,3924],{"class":138},[68,39721,4297],{"class":110},[68,39723,475],{"class":160},[68,39725,472],{"class":78},[68,39727,725],{"class":78},[68,39729,469],{"class":160},[68,39731,472],{"class":78},[68,39733,475],{"class":160},[68,39735,472],{"class":78},[68,39737,480],{"class":160},[68,39739,472],{"class":78},[68,39741,2521],{"class":160},[68,39743,37298],{"class":78},[1470,39745,37237,39747,8739,39749],{"id":39746},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39748,37609],{},[15,39750,39751],{},"map()",[33,39753,39754,39759],{},[36,39755,39756,39758],{},[15,39757,37609],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,39760,39761,39763],{},[15,39762,39751],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39765,39766,39767,503],{},"Example of ",[15,39768,37609],{},[59,39770,39772],{"className":61,"code":39771,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39773,39774,39798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39775,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39777,3663],{"class":106},[68,39779,111],{"class":110},[68,39781,725],{"class":78},[68,39783,469],{"class":160},[68,39785,472],{"class":78},[68,39787,475],{"class":160},[68,39789,472],{"class":78},[68,39791,480],{"class":160},[68,39793,472],{"class":78},[68,39795,2521],{"class":160},[68,39797,730],{"class":78},[68,39799,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39801,129],{"class":128},[68,39803,79],{"class":78},[68,39805,274],{"class":74},[68,39807,79],{"class":78},[68,39809,37635],{"class":128},[68,39811,79],{"class":78},[68,39813,37693],{"class":193},[68,39815,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39817,503],{"class":78},[68,39819,3924],{"class":138},[68,39821,4297],{"class":110},[68,39823,475],{"class":160},[68,39825,472],{"class":78},[68,39827,4308],{"class":138},[68,39829,2970],{"class":78},[20,39831,180],{},[59,39833,39835],{"className":61,"code":39834,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39836,39837],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39838,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39840,795],{"class":78},[68,39842,2135],{"class":160},[68,39844,472],{"class":78},[68,39846,2521],{"class":160},[68,39848,730],{"class":78},[20,39850,39766,39851,503],{},[15,39852,39751],{},[59,39854,39856],{"className":61,"code":39855,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39857,39858,39882],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39859,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39861,3663],{"class":106},[68,39863,111],{"class":110},[68,39865,725],{"class":78},[68,39867,469],{"class":160},[68,39869,472],{"class":78},[68,39871,475],{"class":160},[68,39873,472],{"class":78},[68,39875,480],{"class":160},[68,39877,472],{"class":78},[68,39879,2521],{"class":160},[68,39881,730],{"class":78},[68,39883,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39908,39910,39912,39914],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,39885,129],{"class":128},[68,39887,79],{"class":78},[68,39889,274],{"class":74},[68,39891,79],{"class":78},[68,39893,39894],{"class":128},"map",[68,39896,79],{"class":78},[68,39898,37693],{"class":193},[68,39900,37697],{"class":37696},[68,39902,503],{"class":78},[68,39904,3924],{"class":138},[68,39906,39907],{"class":110},"*",[68,39909,475],{"class":160},[68,39911,472],{"class":78},[68,39913,4308],{"class":138},[68,39915,2970],{"class":78},[20,39917,180],{},[59,39919,39921],{"className":61,"code":39920,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39922,39923],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,39924,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,39926,795],{"class":78},[68,39928,2129],{"class":160},[68,39930,472],{"class":78},[68,39932,2521],{"class":160},[68,39934,472],{"class":78},[68,39936,37677],{"class":160},[68,39938,472],{"class":78},[68,39940,6401],{"class":160},[68,39942,730],{"class":78},[20,39944,39945,39946,236],{},"For the related function, see ",[49,39947,13,39949,1151],{"href":39948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39950,39751],{},[93,39952,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,39954,12736,39956,39958],{"id":39955},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39957,37609],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39960,39961,39962,39964],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39963,24816],{}," if needed.",[1470,39966,39968,39969,39971],{"id":39967},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39970,37609],{}," need to return?",[20,39973,37916,39974,39976,39977,39979],{},[15,39975,290],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39978,293],{}," to remove it.",[1470,39981,28363,39983,39985],{"id":39982},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39984,37609],{}," without lambda?",[20,39987,39988],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1470,39990,1878,39992,39995],{"id":39991},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39993,39994],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39997,39998,39999,40001,40002,1453,40004,236],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40000,2192],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40003,3824],{},[15,40005,293],{},[1470,40007,21455,40009,40011],{"id":40008},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40010,37609],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40013,40014,40015,40017],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40016,5998],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40019,40020],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,40022,40023,40029,40035],{},[36,40024,40025,40026,40028],{},"use ",[15,40027,37609],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,40030,40031,40032,40034],{},"use a ",[15,40033,5998],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,40036,40037],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40039,40040,40041,236],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[49,40042,5177],{"href":40043},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[93,40045,1952],{"id":1951},[33,40047,40048,40053,40057,40062,40068],{},[36,40049,40050],{},[49,40051,40052],{"href":38488},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,40054,40055],{},[49,40056,5263],{"href":40043},[36,40058,40059],{},[49,40060,40061],{"href":39217},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,40063,40064],{},[49,40065,13,40066,1151],{"href":39948},[15,40067,39751],{},[36,40069,40070],{},[49,40071,5258],{"href":5626},[1995,40073,40074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":40076},[40077,40078,40080,40084,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40105,40117],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":37743,"depth":125,"text":40079},"What filter() does",{"id":37877,"depth":125,"text":37878,"children":40081},[40082,40083],{"id":37894,"depth":145,"text":37894},{"id":3766,"depth":145,"text":3766},{"id":38053,"depth":125,"text":38054,"children":40085},[40086],{"id":38224,"depth":145,"text":38225},{"id":38337,"depth":125,"text":40088},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38492,"depth":125,"text":40090},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38654,"depth":125,"text":40092},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38834,"depth":125,"text":40094},"When to use filter()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":40096},[40097,40099,40101,40102,40103],{"id":39227,"depth":145,"text":40098},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39360,"depth":145,"text":40100},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39485,"depth":145,"text":39486},{"id":39670,"depth":145,"text":39671},{"id":39746,"depth":145,"text":40104},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":40106},[40107,40109,40111,40113,40115],{"id":39955,"depth":145,"text":40108},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39967,"depth":145,"text":40110},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39982,"depth":145,"text":40112},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39991,"depth":145,"text":40114},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40008,"depth":145,"text":40116},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37601,"description":40118},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40125,"title":40126,"body":40127,"description":42273,"extension":2033,"meta":42274,"navigation":148,"path":42275,"seo":42276,"stem":42277,"__hash__":42278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40128,"toc":42227},[40129,40132,40137,40143,40145,40196,40198,40217,40222,40226,40231,40234,40249,40252,40274,40276,40325,40327,40351,40353,40355,40370,40375,40383,40398,40400,40409,40412,40447,40451,40456,40460,40467,40502,40504,40520,40524,40527,40568,40570,40584,40588,40591,40615,40617,40626,40630,40633,40666,40668,40681,40685,40691,40710,40712,40720,40724,40729,40733,40739,40762,40764,40793,40796,40815,40819,40822,40849,40851,40885,40889,40892,40916,40920,40931,40933,40938,40943,40945,41029,41031,41073,41076,41080,41087,41096,41152,41157,41166,41171,41175,41246,41248,41257,41261,41264,41308,41310,41319,41323,41329,41379,41383,41388,41392,41416,41418,41427,41431,41455,41457,41468,41472,41496,41498,41507,41510,41527,41533,41537,41543,41546,41551,41554,41575,41577,41609,41612,41617,41619,41630,41632,41676,41680,41687,41739,41741,41750,41754,41757,41849,41852,41876,41880,41883,41974,41979,41983,41990,41995,42019,42021,42030,42035,42058,42060,42068,42075,42098,42106,42108,42121,42131,42133,42137,42144,42148,42157,42161,42168,42172,42176,42180,42193,42195,42224],[10,40130,40126],{"id":40131},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40133,9154,40134,40136],{},[15,40135,955],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40138,40139,40140,40142],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40141,955],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[93,40144,2075],{"id":2074},[59,40146,40148],{"className":61,"code":40147,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40149,40150,40164,40182],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40151,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40153,129],{"class":128},[68,40155,79],{"class":78},[68,40157,268],{"class":74},[68,40159,79],{"class":78},[68,40161,1497],{"class":160},[68,40163,142],{"class":78},[68,40165,40166,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178,40180],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40167,129],{"class":128},[68,40169,79],{"class":78},[68,40171,268],{"class":74},[68,40173,79],{"class":78},[68,40175,344],{"class":114},[68,40177,453],{"class":118},[68,40179,344],{"class":114},[68,40181,142],{"class":78},[68,40183,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,40185,129],{"class":128},[68,40187,79],{"class":78},[68,40189,268],{"class":74},[68,40191,79],{"class":78},[68,40193,290],{"class":526},[68,40195,142],{"class":78},[20,40197,180],{},[59,40199,40201],{"className":61,"code":40200,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40202,40203,40207,40212],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40204,40205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40206,2543],{"class":160},[68,40208,40209],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40210,40211],{"class":160},"3.14\n",[68,40213,40214],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,40215,40216],{"class":160},"1.0\n",[20,40218,224,40219,40221],{},[15,40220,955],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[93,40223,40225],{"id":40224},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40227,40228,40230],{},[15,40229,955],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40232,40233],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,40235,40236,40240,40244],{},[36,40237,40238],{},[15,40239,2555],{},[36,40241,40242],{},[15,40243,453],{},[36,40245,40246],{},[15,40247,40248],{},"0.5",[20,40250,40251],{},"A few key points:",[33,40253,40254,40261,40264,40267],{},[36,40255,40256,40258,40259],{},[15,40257,955],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40260,268],{},[36,40262,40263],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,40265,40266],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,40268,40269,40270],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[49,40271,40272],{"href":51},[15,40273,54],{},[20,40275,326],{},[59,40277,40279],{"className":61,"code":40278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40280,40281,40301,40311],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40282,40283,40285,40287,40290,40292,40294,40297,40299],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40284,155],{"class":106},[68,40286,111],{"class":110},[68,40288,40289],{"class":74}," float",[68,40291,79],{"class":78},[68,40293,344],{"class":114},[68,40295,40296],{"class":118},"2.75",[68,40298,344],{"class":114},[68,40300,85],{"class":78},[68,40302,40303,40305,40307,40309],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40304,129],{"class":128},[68,40306,79],{"class":78},[68,40308,175],{"class":138},[68,40310,85],{"class":78},[68,40312,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,40314,129],{"class":128},[68,40316,79],{"class":78},[68,40318,75],{"class":74},[68,40320,79],{"class":78},[68,40322,175],{"class":138},[68,40324,142],{"class":78},[20,40326,180],{},[59,40328,40330],{"className":61,"code":40329,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40331,40332,40337],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40333,40334],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40335,40336],{"class":160},"2.75\n",[68,40338,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40349],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40340,190],{"class":110},[68,40342,194],{"class":193},[68,40344,197],{"class":114},[68,40346,268],{"class":118},[68,40348,203],{"class":114},[68,40350,206],{"class":110},[93,40352,303],{"id":302},[20,40354,7255],{},[59,40356,40358],{"className":61,"code":40357,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"float(value)\n",[15,40359,40360],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40361,40362,40364,40366,40368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40363,268],{"class":74},[68,40365,79],{"class":78},[68,40367,665],{"class":138},[68,40369,85],{"class":78},[20,40371,40372,40373,236],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40374,955],{},[20,40376,40377,40378,40380,40381,503],{},"If you call ",[15,40379,955],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40382,3814],{},[59,40384,40386],{"className":61,"code":40385,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float())\n",[15,40387,40388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40389,40390,40392,40394,40396],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40391,129],{"class":128},[68,40393,79],{"class":78},[68,40395,268],{"class":74},[68,40397,7231],{"class":78},[20,40399,180],{},[59,40401,40403],{"className":61,"code":40402,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0.0\n",[15,40404,40405],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40406,40407],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40408,40402],{"class":160},[20,40410,40411],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[59,40413,40415],{"className":61,"code":40414,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40416,40417,40437],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40418,40419,40422,40424,40426,40428,40430,40433,40435],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40420,40421],{"class":106},"price ",[68,40423,111],{"class":110},[68,40425,40289],{"class":74},[68,40427,79],{"class":78},[68,40429,344],{"class":114},[68,40431,40432],{"class":118},"19.99",[68,40434,344],{"class":114},[68,40436,85],{"class":78},[68,40438,40439,40441,40443,40445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40440,129],{"class":128},[68,40442,79],{"class":78},[68,40444,25185],{"class":138},[68,40446,85],{"class":78},[93,40448,40450],{"id":40449},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40452,40453,40455],{},[15,40454,955],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1470,40457,40459],{"id":40458},"integers","Integers",[20,40461,40462,40463,40466],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40464,40465],{},".0"," added:",[59,40468,40470],{"className":61,"code":40469,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40471,40472,40486],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40473,40474,40476,40478,40480,40482,40484],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40475,129],{"class":128},[68,40477,79],{"class":78},[68,40479,268],{"class":74},[68,40481,79],{"class":78},[68,40483,1497],{"class":160},[68,40485,142],{"class":78},[68,40487,40488,40490,40492,40494,40496,40498,40500],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40489,129],{"class":128},[68,40491,79],{"class":78},[68,40493,268],{"class":74},[68,40495,79],{"class":78},[68,40497,2094],{"class":110},[68,40499,2129],{"class":160},[68,40501,142],{"class":78},[20,40503,180],{},[59,40505,40507],{"className":61,"code":40506,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40508,40509,40513],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40510,40511],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40512,2543],{"class":160},[68,40514,40515,40517],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40516,2094],{"class":110},[68,40518,40519],{"class":160},"2.0\n",[1470,40521,40523],{"id":40522},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40525,40526],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[59,40528,40530],{"className":61,"code":40529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40531,40532,40550],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40533,40534,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40535,129],{"class":128},[68,40537,79],{"class":78},[68,40539,268],{"class":74},[68,40541,79],{"class":78},[68,40543,344],{"class":114},[68,40545,453],{"class":118},[68,40547,344],{"class":114},[68,40549,142],{"class":78},[68,40551,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564,40566],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40553,129],{"class":128},[68,40555,79],{"class":78},[68,40557,268],{"class":74},[68,40559,79],{"class":78},[68,40561,344],{"class":114},[68,40563,438],{"class":118},[68,40565,344],{"class":114},[68,40567,142],{"class":78},[20,40569,180],{},[59,40571,40573],{"className":61,"code":40572,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40574,40575,40579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40576,40577],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40578,40211],{"class":160},[68,40580,40581],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40582,40583],{"class":160},"10.0\n",[1470,40585,40587],{"id":40586},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40589,40590],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[59,40592,40594],{"className":61,"code":40593,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40595,40596],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40597,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40611,40613],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40599,129],{"class":128},[68,40601,79],{"class":78},[68,40603,268],{"class":74},[68,40605,79],{"class":78},[68,40607,344],{"class":114},[68,40609,40610],{"class":118},"  8.5  ",[68,40612,344],{"class":114},[68,40614,142],{"class":78},[20,40616,180],{},[59,40618,40620],{"className":61,"code":40619,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"8.5\n",[15,40621,40622],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40623,40624],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40625,40619],{"class":160},[1470,40627,40629],{"id":40628},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40631,40632],{},"Boolean values also work:",[59,40634,40636],{"className":61,"code":40635,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40637,40638,40652],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40639,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40641,129],{"class":128},[68,40643,79],{"class":78},[68,40645,268],{"class":74},[68,40647,79],{"class":78},[68,40649,290],{"class":526},[68,40651,142],{"class":78},[68,40653,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40655,129],{"class":128},[68,40657,79],{"class":78},[68,40659,268],{"class":74},[68,40661,79],{"class":78},[68,40663,293],{"class":526},[68,40665,142],{"class":78},[20,40667,180],{},[59,40669,40671],{"className":61,"code":40670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40672,40673,40677],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40674,40675],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40676,40216],{"class":160},[68,40678,40679],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40680,40402],{"class":160},[1470,40682,40684],{"id":40683},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40686,40687,40688,40690],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40689,955],{}," returns a float version of it:",[59,40692,40694],{"className":61,"code":40693,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40695,40696],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40697,40698,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40699,129],{"class":128},[68,40701,79],{"class":78},[68,40703,268],{"class":74},[68,40705,79],{"class":78},[68,40707,2428],{"class":160},[68,40709,142],{"class":78},[20,40711,180],{},[59,40713,40714],{"className":61,"code":2452,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,40715,40716],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40717,40718],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40719,2452],{"class":160},[93,40721,40723],{"id":40722},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40725,40726,40727,236],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40728,955],{},[1470,40730,40732],{"id":40731},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40734,40735,40736,503],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40737,40738],{},"ValueError",[59,40740,40742],{"className":61,"code":40741,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40743,40744],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40747,129],{"class":128},[68,40749,79],{"class":78},[68,40751,268],{"class":74},[68,40753,79],{"class":78},[68,40755,344],{"class":114},[68,40757,347],{"class":118},[68,40759,344],{"class":114},[68,40761,142],{"class":78},[20,40763,29715],{},[59,40765,40767],{"className":61,"code":40766,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40768,40769],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40770,40771,40773,40775,40778,40780,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40772,40738],{"class":74},[68,40774,503],{"class":78},[68,40776,40777],{"class":106}," could ",[68,40779,1303],{"class":110},[68,40781,40782],{"class":106}," convert string to ",[68,40784,268],{"class":74},[68,40786,503],{"class":78},[68,40788,197],{"class":114},[68,40790,347],{"class":118},[68,40792,29734],{"class":114},[20,40794,40795],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[59,40797,40799],{"className":61,"code":40798,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40800,40801],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40804,129],{"class":128},[68,40806,79],{"class":78},[68,40808,268],{"class":74},[68,40810,79],{"class":78},[68,40812,6313],{"class":114},[68,40814,142],{"class":78},[1470,40816,40818],{"id":40817},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40820,40821],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[59,40823,40825],{"className":61,"code":40824,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40826,40827],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40828,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40830,129],{"class":128},[68,40832,79],{"class":78},[68,40834,268],{"class":74},[68,40836,466],{"class":78},[68,40838,469],{"class":160},[68,40840,472],{"class":78},[68,40842,475],{"class":160},[68,40844,472],{"class":78},[68,40846,480],{"class":160},[68,40848,483],{"class":78},[20,40850,29715],{},[59,40852,40854],{"className":61,"code":40853,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40855,40856],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40857,40858,40860,40862,40864,40866,40869,40872,40875,40877,40879,40881,40883],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40859,3060],{"class":74},[68,40861,503],{"class":78},[68,40863,40289],{"class":74},[68,40865,7403],{"class":78},[68,40867,40868],{"class":106}," argument must be a string ",[68,40870,40871],{"class":110},"or",[68,40873,40874],{"class":106}," a real number",[68,40876,472],{"class":78},[68,40878,8136],{"class":110},[68,40880,197],{"class":114},[68,40882,274],{"class":118},[68,40884,29734],{"class":114},[1470,40886,40888],{"id":40887},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40890,40891],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[59,40893,40895],{"className":61,"code":40894,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40896,40897],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40898,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909,40912,40914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40900,129],{"class":128},[68,40902,79],{"class":78},[68,40904,268],{"class":74},[68,40906,79],{"class":78},[68,40908,344],{"class":114},[68,40910,40911],{"class":118},"3,14",[68,40913,344],{"class":114},[68,40915,142],{"class":78},[20,40917,3057,40918,236],{},[15,40919,40738],{},[20,40921,40922,40923,232,40927,236],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[49,40924,40926],{"href":40925},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[49,40928,40930],{"href":40929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[93,40932,17451],{"id":17450},[20,40934,40935,40937],{},[15,40936,955],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40939,1524,40940,40942],{},[1301,40941,1303],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40944,326],{},[59,40946,40948],{"className":61,"code":40947,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40949,40950,40963,40977,40981,40991,41001,41015],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,40951,40952,40954,40956,40958,40961],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,40953,1345],{"class":106},[68,40955,111],{"class":110},[68,40957,115],{"class":114},[68,40959,40960],{"class":118},"6.5",[68,40962,122],{"class":114},[68,40964,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,40966,155],{"class":106},[68,40968,111],{"class":110},[68,40970,40289],{"class":74},[68,40972,79],{"class":78},[68,40974,1367],{"class":138},[68,40976,85],{"class":78},[68,40978,40979],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,40980,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,40982,40983,40985,40987,40989],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,40984,129],{"class":128},[68,40986,79],{"class":78},[68,40988,1367],{"class":138},[68,40990,85],{"class":78},[68,40992,40993,40995,40997,40999],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,40994,129],{"class":128},[68,40996,79],{"class":78},[68,40998,175],{"class":138},[68,41000,85],{"class":78},[68,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,41004,129],{"class":128},[68,41006,79],{"class":78},[68,41008,75],{"class":74},[68,41010,79],{"class":78},[68,41012,1367],{"class":138},[68,41014,142],{"class":78},[68,41016,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41027],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,41018,129],{"class":128},[68,41020,79],{"class":78},[68,41022,75],{"class":74},[68,41024,79],{"class":78},[68,41026,175],{"class":138},[68,41028,142],{"class":78},[20,41030,180],{},[59,41032,41034],{"className":61,"code":41033,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41035,41036,41041,41045,41059],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41037,41038],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41039,41040],{"class":160},"6.5\n",[68,41042,41043],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41044,41040],{"class":160},[68,41046,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41048,190],{"class":110},[68,41050,194],{"class":193},[68,41052,197],{"class":114},[68,41054,200],{"class":118},[68,41056,203],{"class":114},[68,41058,206],{"class":110},[68,41060,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41062,190],{"class":110},[68,41064,194],{"class":193},[68,41066,197],{"class":114},[68,41068,268],{"class":118},[68,41070,203],{"class":114},[68,41072,206],{"class":110},[20,41074,41075],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[93,41077,41079],{"id":41078},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1470,41081,41083,41084,41086],{"id":41082},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41085,54],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41088,2050,41089,41093,41094,236],{},[49,41090,41091,2369],{"href":51},[15,41092,54],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41095,955],{},[59,41097,41099],{"className":61,"code":41098,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41100,41101,41120,41134,41138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41102,41103,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113,41116,41118],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41104,8273],{"class":106},[68,41106,111],{"class":110},[68,41108,835],{"class":128},[68,41110,79],{"class":78},[68,41112,344],{"class":114},[68,41114,41115],{"class":118},"Enter a price: ",[68,41117,344],{"class":114},[68,41119,85],{"class":78},[68,41121,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130,41132],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41123,40421],{"class":106},[68,41125,111],{"class":110},[68,41127,40289],{"class":74},[68,41129,79],{"class":78},[68,41131,8301],{"class":138},[68,41133,85],{"class":78},[68,41135,41136],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41137,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41139,41140,41142,41144,41146,41148,41150],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41141,129],{"class":128},[68,41143,79],{"class":78},[68,41145,40421],{"class":138},[68,41147,39907],{"class":110},[68,41149,475],{"class":160},[68,41151,85],{"class":78},[20,41153,899,41154,903],{},[15,41155,41156],{},"4.5",[59,41158,41160],{"className":61,"code":41159,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"9.0\n",[15,41161,41162],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41163,41164],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41165,41159],{"class":160},[20,41167,41168,41169,236],{},"For more help with this, see ",[49,41170,963],{"href":962},[1470,41172,41174],{"id":41173},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[59,41176,41178],{"className":61,"code":41177,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41179,41180,41193,41206,41210,41235],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41181,41182,41184,41186,41188,41191],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41183,2618],{"class":106},[68,41185,111],{"class":110},[68,41187,115],{"class":114},[68,41189,41190],{"class":118},"2.5",[68,41192,122],{"class":114},[68,41194,41195,41197,41199,41201,41204],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41196,2646],{"class":106},[68,41198,111],{"class":110},[68,41200,115],{"class":114},[68,41202,41203],{"class":118},"1.5",[68,41205,122],{"class":114},[68,41207,41208],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41209,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41211,41212,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227,41229,41231,41233],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41213,41214],{"class":106},"total ",[68,41216,111],{"class":110},[68,41218,40289],{"class":74},[68,41220,79],{"class":78},[68,41222,49],{"class":138},[68,41224,1701],{"class":78},[68,41226,2518],{"class":110},[68,41228,40289],{"class":74},[68,41230,79],{"class":78},[68,41232,4806],{"class":138},[68,41234,85],{"class":78},[68,41236,41237,41239,41241,41244],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,41238,129],{"class":128},[68,41240,79],{"class":78},[68,41242,41243],{"class":138},"total",[68,41245,85],{"class":78},[20,41247,180],{},[59,41249,41251],{"className":61,"code":41250,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"4.0\n",[15,41252,41253],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41254,41255],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41256,41250],{"class":160},[1470,41258,41260],{"id":41259},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41262,41263],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[59,41265,41267],{"className":61,"code":41266,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41268,41269,41279,41294,41298],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41270,41271,41274,41276],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41272,41273],{"class":106},"count ",[68,41275,111],{"class":110},[68,41277,41278],{"class":160}," 7\n",[68,41280,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289,41292],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41282,2297],{"class":106},[68,41284,111],{"class":110},[68,41286,40289],{"class":74},[68,41288,79],{"class":78},[68,41290,41291],{"class":138},"count",[68,41293,85],{"class":78},[68,41295,41296],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41297,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41299,41300,41302,41304,41306],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41301,129],{"class":128},[68,41303,79],{"class":78},[68,41305,2331],{"class":138},[68,41307,85],{"class":78},[20,41309,180],{},[59,41311,41313],{"className":61,"code":41312,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"7.0\n",[15,41314,41315],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41316,41317],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41318,41312],{"class":160},[1470,41320,41322],{"id":41321},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41324,41325,41326,41328],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41327,955],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[59,41330,41332],{"className":61,"code":41331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41333,41334,41348,41364,41368],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41335,41336,41339,41341,41343,41346],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41337,41338],{"class":106},"temperature_text ",[68,41340,111],{"class":110},[68,41342,115],{"class":114},[68,41344,41345],{"class":118},"21.8",[68,41347,122],{"class":114},[68,41349,41350,41353,41355,41357,41359,41362],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41351,41352],{"class":106},"temperature ",[68,41354,111],{"class":110},[68,41356,40289],{"class":74},[68,41358,79],{"class":78},[68,41360,41361],{"class":138},"temperature_text",[68,41363,85],{"class":78},[68,41365,41366],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41367,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41369,41370,41372,41374,41377],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41371,129],{"class":128},[68,41373,79],{"class":78},[68,41375,41376],{"class":138},"temperature",[68,41378,85],{"class":78},[93,41380,41382],{"id":41381},"special-values","Special values",[20,41384,41385,41387],{},[15,41386,955],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1470,41389,41391],{"id":41390},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[59,41393,41395],{"className":61,"code":41394,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41396,41397],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41398,41399,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41412,41414],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41400,129],{"class":128},[68,41402,79],{"class":78},[68,41404,268],{"class":74},[68,41406,79],{"class":78},[68,41408,344],{"class":114},[68,41410,41411],{"class":118},"inf",[68,41413,344],{"class":114},[68,41415,142],{"class":78},[20,41417,180],{},[59,41419,41421],{"className":61,"code":41420,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"inf\n",[15,41422,41423],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41424,41425],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41426,41420],{"class":106},[1470,41428,41430],{"id":41429},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[59,41432,41434],{"className":61,"code":41433,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41435,41436],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41437,41438,41440,41442,41444,41446,41448,41451,41453],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41439,129],{"class":128},[68,41441,79],{"class":78},[68,41443,268],{"class":74},[68,41445,79],{"class":78},[68,41447,344],{"class":114},[68,41449,41450],{"class":118},"-inf",[68,41452,344],{"class":114},[68,41454,142],{"class":78},[20,41456,180],{},[59,41458,41460],{"className":61,"code":41459,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"-inf\n",[15,41461,41462],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41463,41464,41466],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41465,2094],{"class":110},[68,41467,41420],{"class":106},[1470,41469,41471],{"id":41470},"not-a-number","Not a number",[59,41473,41475],{"className":61,"code":41474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41476,41477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41478,41479,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489,41492,41494],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41480,129],{"class":128},[68,41482,79],{"class":78},[68,41484,268],{"class":74},[68,41486,79],{"class":78},[68,41488,344],{"class":114},[68,41490,41491],{"class":118},"nan",[68,41493,344],{"class":114},[68,41495,142],{"class":78},[20,41497,180],{},[59,41499,41501],{"className":61,"code":41500,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"nan\n",[15,41502,41503],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41504,41505],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41506,41500],{"class":106},[20,41508,41509],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,41511,41512,41517,41522],{},[36,41513,41514,41516],{},[15,41515,41411],{}," means positive infinity",[36,41518,41519,41521],{},[15,41520,41450],{}," means negative infinity",[36,41523,41524,41526],{},[15,41525,41491],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41528,41529,41530,41532],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41531,955],{}," accepts them.",[93,41534,41536],{"id":41535},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41538,41539,41540,41542],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41541,955],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1470,41544,40738],{"id":41545},"valueerror",[20,41547,15220,41548,41550],{},[15,41549,40738],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41552,41553],{},"Common causes:",[33,41555,41556,41562,41565,41568],{},[36,41557,41558,41559],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41560,41561],{},"\"abc\"",[36,41563,41564],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,41566,41567],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,41569,4749,41570],{},[49,41571,41572,41574],{"href":51},[15,41573,54],{}," returns a string",[20,41576,326],{},[59,41578,41580],{"className":61,"code":41579,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41581,41582,41595],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41583,41584,41586,41588,41590,41593],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41585,652],{"class":106},[68,41587,111],{"class":110},[68,41589,115],{"class":114},[68,41591,41592],{"class":118},"abc",[68,41594,122],{"class":114},[68,41596,41597,41599,41601,41603,41605,41607],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41598,129],{"class":128},[68,41600,79],{"class":78},[68,41602,268],{"class":74},[68,41604,79],{"class":78},[68,41606,665],{"class":138},[68,41608,142],{"class":78},[1470,41610,3060],{"id":41611},"typeerror",[20,41613,15220,41614,41616],{},[15,41615,3060],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41618,41553],{},[33,41620,41621,41624,41627],{},[36,41622,41623],{},"Passing a list",[36,41625,41626],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,41628,41629],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41631,326],{},[59,41633,41635],{"className":61,"code":41634,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41636,41637,41662],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41638,41639,41641,41643,41645,41647,41649,41651,41653,41655,41658,41660],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41640,652],{"class":106},[68,41642,111],{"class":110},[68,41644,1221],{"class":78},[68,41646,344],{"class":114},[68,41648,25185],{"class":118},[68,41650,344],{"class":114},[68,41652,503],{"class":78},[68,41654,115],{"class":114},[68,41656,41657],{"class":118},"9.99",[68,41659,344],{"class":114},[68,41661,9338],{"class":78},[68,41663,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672,41674],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41665,129],{"class":128},[68,41667,79],{"class":78},[68,41669,268],{"class":74},[68,41671,79],{"class":78},[68,41673,665],{"class":138},[68,41675,142],{"class":78},[1470,41677,41679],{"id":41678},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41681,41682,41683,41686],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41684,41685],{},"strip()"," can help:",[59,41688,41690],{"className":61,"code":41689,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41691,41692,41705,41720,41724],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41693,41694,41696,41698,41700,41703],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41695,652],{"class":106},[68,41697,111],{"class":110},[68,41699,115],{"class":114},[68,41701,41702],{"class":118},"  7.25  ",[68,41704,122],{"class":114},[68,41706,41707,41710,41712,41714,41716,41718],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41708,41709],{"class":106},"clean_value ",[68,41711,111],{"class":110},[68,41713,8467],{"class":106},[68,41715,236],{"class":78},[68,41717,8668],{"class":138},[68,41719,8677],{"class":78},[68,41721,41722],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41723,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41725,41726,41728,41730,41732,41734,41737],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41727,129],{"class":128},[68,41729,79],{"class":78},[68,41731,268],{"class":74},[68,41733,79],{"class":78},[68,41735,41736],{"class":138},"clean_value",[68,41738,142],{"class":78},[20,41740,180],{},[59,41742,41744],{"className":61,"code":41743,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"7.25\n",[15,41745,41746],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41747,41748],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41749,41743],{"class":160},[1470,41751,41753],{"id":41752},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41755,41756],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[59,41758,41760],{"className":61,"code":41759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41761,41762,41775,41779,41789,41803,41817,41821,41835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41763,41764,41766,41768,41770,41773],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41765,652],{"class":106},[68,41767,111],{"class":110},[68,41769,115],{"class":114},[68,41771,41772],{"class":118}," 3.5 ",[68,41774,122],{"class":114},[68,41776,41777],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41778,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41780,41781,41783,41785,41787],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41782,129],{"class":128},[68,41784,79],{"class":78},[68,41786,665],{"class":138},[68,41788,85],{"class":78},[68,41790,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799,41801],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41792,129],{"class":128},[68,41794,79],{"class":78},[68,41796,75],{"class":74},[68,41798,79],{"class":78},[68,41800,665],{"class":138},[68,41802,142],{"class":78},[68,41804,41805,41807,41809,41811,41813,41815],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,41806,129],{"class":128},[68,41808,79],{"class":78},[68,41810,1839],{"class":128},[68,41812,79],{"class":78},[68,41814,665],{"class":138},[68,41816,142],{"class":78},[68,41818,41819],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,41820,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41822,41823,41825,41827,41829,41831,41833],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,41824,41709],{"class":106},[68,41826,111],{"class":110},[68,41828,8467],{"class":106},[68,41830,236],{"class":78},[68,41832,8668],{"class":138},[68,41834,8677],{"class":78},[68,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845,41847],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,41838,129],{"class":128},[68,41840,79],{"class":78},[68,41842,268],{"class":74},[68,41844,79],{"class":78},[68,41846,41736],{"class":138},[68,41848,142],{"class":78},[20,41850,41851],{},"Why this helps:",[33,41853,41854,41860,41865,41871],{},[36,41855,41856,41859],{},[15,41857,41858],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,41861,41862,21402],{},[15,41863,41864],{},"print(type(value))",[36,41866,41867,41870],{},[15,41868,41869],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,41872,41873,41875],{},[15,41874,41685],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1470,41877,41879],{"id":41878},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41881,41882],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[59,41884,41886],{"className":61,"code":41885,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41887,41888,41906,41910,41916,41931,41950,41959],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,41889,41890,41892,41894,41896,41898,41900,41902,41904],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,41891,652],{"class":106},[68,41893,111],{"class":110},[68,41895,835],{"class":128},[68,41897,79],{"class":78},[68,41899,344],{"class":114},[68,41901,842],{"class":118},[68,41903,344],{"class":114},[68,41905,85],{"class":78},[68,41907,41908],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,41909,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,41911,41912,41914],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,41913,29838],{"class":1098},[68,41915,1648],{"class":78},[68,41917,41918,41921,41923,41925,41927,41929],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,41919,41920],{"class":106},"    number ",[68,41922,111],{"class":110},[68,41924,40289],{"class":74},[68,41926,79],{"class":78},[68,41928,665],{"class":138},[68,41930,85],{"class":78},[68,41932,41933,41935,41937,41939,41942,41944,41946,41948],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,41934,1118],{"class":128},[68,41936,79],{"class":78},[68,41938,344],{"class":114},[68,41940,41941],{"class":118},"Converted:",[68,41943,344],{"class":114},[68,41945,472],{"class":78},[68,41947,2265],{"class":138},[68,41949,85],{"class":78},[68,41951,41952,41954,41957],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,41953,29869],{"class":1098},[68,41955,41956],{"class":74}," ValueError",[68,41958,1648],{"class":78},[68,41960,41961,41963,41965,41967,41970,41972],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,41962,1118],{"class":128},[68,41964,79],{"class":78},[68,41966,344],{"class":114},[68,41968,41969],{"class":118},"That is not a valid number.",[68,41971,344],{"class":114},[68,41973,85],{"class":78},[20,41975,41976,41977,236],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[49,41978,40930],{"href":40929},[93,41980,41982],{"id":41981},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41984,10619,41985,232,41987,41989],{},[15,41986,955],{},[15,41988,949],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41991,41992,41994],{},[15,41993,955],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[59,41996,41998],{"className":61,"code":41997,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41999,42000],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42001,42002,42004,42006,42008,42010,42012,42015,42017],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42003,129],{"class":128},[68,42005,79],{"class":78},[68,42007,268],{"class":74},[68,42009,79],{"class":78},[68,42011,344],{"class":114},[68,42013,42014],{"class":118},"3.9",[68,42016,344],{"class":114},[68,42018,142],{"class":78},[20,42020,180],{},[59,42022,42024],{"className":61,"code":42023,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.9\n",[15,42025,42026],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42027,42028],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42029,42023],{"class":160},[20,42031,42032,42034],{},[15,42033,949],{}," creates whole numbers:",[59,42036,42038],{"className":61,"code":42037,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42039,42040],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42041,42042,42044,42046,42048,42050,42052,42054,42056],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42043,129],{"class":128},[68,42045,79],{"class":78},[68,42047,217],{"class":74},[68,42049,79],{"class":78},[68,42051,344],{"class":114},[68,42053,438],{"class":118},[68,42055,344],{"class":114},[68,42057,142],{"class":78},[20,42059,180],{},[59,42061,42062],{"className":61,"code":2442,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,42063,42064],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42065,42066],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42067,2442],{"class":160},[20,42069,42070,42071,42074],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42072,42073],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[59,42076,42078],{"className":61,"code":42077,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42079,42080],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092,42094,42096],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42083,129],{"class":128},[68,42085,79],{"class":78},[68,42087,217],{"class":74},[68,42089,79],{"class":78},[68,42091,344],{"class":114},[68,42093,42014],{"class":118},[68,42095,344],{"class":114},[68,42097,142],{"class":78},[20,42099,3057,42100,8635,42102,42105],{},[15,42101,40738],{},[15,42103,42104],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42107,10742],{},[33,42109,42110,42116],{},[36,42111,42112,42115],{},[15,42113,42114],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,42117,42118,42120],{},[15,42119,42073],{}," fails",[20,42122,42123,42124,42127,42128,42130],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[49,42125,42126],{"href":946},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[49,42129,2485],{"href":2484}," helpful.",[93,42132,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,42134,42136],{"id":42135},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42138,42139,42140,384,42142,236],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42141,2555],{},[15,42143,453],{},[1470,42145,42147],{"id":42146},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42149,42150,42151,384,42154,236],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42152,42153],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42155,42156],{},"\"10\"",[1470,42158,42160],{"id":42159},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42162,1928,42163,42165,42166,236],{},[15,42164,41561],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42167,40738],{},[1470,42169,42171],{"id":42170},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42173,5191,42174,236],{},[15,42175,3814],{},[1470,42177,42179],{"id":42178},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42181,42182,42183,42185,42186,232,42189,42185,42191,236],{},"Yes. ",[15,42184,290],{}," becomes ",[15,42187,42188],{},"1.0",[15,42190,293],{},[15,42192,3814],{},[93,42194,1952],{"id":1951},[33,42196,42197,42201,42206,42211,42215,42219],{},[36,42198,42199],{},[49,42200,42126],{"href":946},[36,42202,42203],{},[49,42204,42205],{"href":1444},"Python str() Function Explained",[36,42207,42208],{},[49,42209,42210],{"href":40925},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,42212,42213],{},[49,42214,1975],{"href":962},[36,42216,42217],{},[49,42218,40930],{"href":40929},[36,42220,42221],{},[49,42222,42223],{"href":51},"Python input() Function Explained",[1995,42225,42226],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":42228},[42229,42230,42231,42232,42239,42244,42245,42252,42257,42264,42265,42272],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":40224,"depth":125,"text":40225},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":40449,"depth":125,"text":40450,"children":42233},[42234,42235,42236,42237,42238],{"id":40458,"depth":145,"text":40459},{"id":40522,"depth":145,"text":40523},{"id":40586,"depth":145,"text":40587},{"id":40628,"depth":145,"text":40629},{"id":40683,"depth":145,"text":40684},{"id":40722,"depth":125,"text":40723,"children":42240},[42241,42242,42243],{"id":40731,"depth":145,"text":40732},{"id":40817,"depth":145,"text":40818},{"id":40887,"depth":145,"text":40888},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":41078,"depth":125,"text":41079,"children":42246},[42247,42249,42250,42251],{"id":41082,"depth":145,"text":42248},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41173,"depth":145,"text":41174},{"id":41259,"depth":145,"text":41260},{"id":41321,"depth":145,"text":41322},{"id":41381,"depth":125,"text":41382,"children":42253},[42254,42255,42256],{"id":41390,"depth":145,"text":41391},{"id":41429,"depth":145,"text":41430},{"id":41470,"depth":145,"text":41471},{"id":41535,"depth":125,"text":41536,"children":42258},[42259,42260,42261,42262,42263],{"id":41545,"depth":145,"text":40738},{"id":41611,"depth":145,"text":3060},{"id":41678,"depth":145,"text":41679},{"id":41752,"depth":145,"text":41753},{"id":41878,"depth":145,"text":41879},{"id":41981,"depth":125,"text":41982},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":42266},[42267,42268,42269,42270,42271],{"id":42135,"depth":145,"text":42136},{"id":42146,"depth":145,"text":42147},{"id":42159,"depth":145,"text":42160},{"id":42170,"depth":145,"text":42171},{"id":42178,"depth":145,"text":42179},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40126,"description":42273},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42280,"title":42281,"body":42282,"description":43502,"extension":2033,"meta":43503,"navigation":148,"path":35054,"seo":43504,"stem":43505,"__hash__":43506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42283,"toc":43468},[42284,42287,42292,42295,42297,42336,42350,42354,42359,42362,42379,42382,42392,42407,42410,42412,42415,42430,42433,42436,42456,42460,42471,42474,42478,42482,42496,42531,42535,42546,42581,42584,42586,42594,42627,42643,42645,42655,42676,42687,42689,42694,42697,42711,42713,42732,42735,42748,42751,42755,42759,42773,42776,42794,42797,42812,42816,42821,42835,42841,42843,42900,42902,42935,42938,42954,42958,42965,42969,42974,42977,42988,42992,42997,43012,43021,43026,43045,43048,43060,43062,43067,43077,43080,43109,43114,43123,43127,43132,43135,43139,43144,43146,43176,43179,43186,43191,43196,43200,43203,43211,43214,43292,43295,43317,43319,43323,43326,43330,43336,43399,43403,43411,43415,43418,43420,43445,43465],[10,42285,42281],{"id":42286},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42288,3629,42289,42291],{},[15,42290,35057],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42293,42294],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[93,42296,2075],{"id":2074},[59,42298,42300],{"className":61,"code":42299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42301,42302,42312,42322],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42303,42304,42306,42308,42310],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42305,1850],{"class":128},[68,42307,79],{"class":78},[68,42309,11191],{"class":128},[68,42311,85],{"class":78},[68,42313,42314,42316,42318,42320],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42315,1850],{"class":128},[68,42317,79],{"class":78},[68,42319,200],{"class":74},[68,42321,85],{"class":78},[68,42323,42324,42326,42328,42330,42332,42334],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,42325,1850],{"class":128},[68,42327,79],{"class":78},[68,42329,203],{"class":114},[68,42331,34692],{"class":118},[68,42333,203],{"class":114},[68,42335,85],{"class":78},[20,42337,224,42338,42340,42341,384,42343,42345,42346,42349],{},[15,42339,35057],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42342,11191],{},[15,42344,200],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42347,42348],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[93,42351,42353],{"id":42352},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42355,42356,42358],{},[15,42357,35057],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42360,42361],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,42363,42364,42367,42370,42373,42376],{},[36,42365,42366],{},"Functions",[36,42368,42369],{},"Classes",[36,42371,42372],{},"Methods",[36,42374,42375],{},"Modules",[36,42377,42378],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42380,42381],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42383,42384,42385,42391],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[49,42386,42388],{"href":42387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42389,42390],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[59,42393,42395],{"className":61,"code":42394,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(len)\n",[15,42396,42397],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42398,42399,42401,42403,42405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42400,1850],{"class":128},[68,42402,79],{"class":78},[68,42404,11191],{"class":128},[68,42406,85],{"class":78},[20,42408,42409],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[93,42411,303],{"id":302},[20,42413,42414],{},"The main form is:",[59,42416,42418],{"className":61,"code":42417,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(object)\n",[15,42419,42420],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42421,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42423,1850],{"class":128},[68,42425,79],{"class":78},[68,42427,82],{"class":74},[68,42429,85],{"class":78},[20,42431,42432],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42434,42435],{},"Common examples include:",[33,42437,42438,42442,42447,42451],{},[36,42439,42440],{},[15,42441,11191],{},[36,42443,42444],{},[15,42445,42446],{},"list.append",[36,42448,42449],{},[15,42450,200],{},[36,42452,42453],{},[15,42454,42455],{},"open",[20,42457,7212,42458,7215],{},[15,42459,35057],{},[59,42461,42463],{"className":61,"code":42462,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help()\n",[15,42464,42465],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42466,42467,42469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42468,1850],{"class":128},[68,42470,8677],{"class":78},[20,42472,42473],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[93,42475,42477],{"id":42476},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1470,42479,42481],{"id":42480},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42483,42484,42485,1448,42487,1448,42489,1453,42492,236],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42486,11191],{},[15,42488,129],{},[15,42490,42491],{},"input",[49,42493,42494],{"href":2366},[15,42495,17],{},[59,42497,42499],{"className":61,"code":42498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42500,42501,42511,42521],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42502,42503,42505,42507,42509],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42504,1850],{"class":128},[68,42506,79],{"class":78},[68,42508,129],{"class":128},[68,42510,85],{"class":78},[68,42512,42513,42515,42517,42519],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42514,1850],{"class":128},[68,42516,79],{"class":78},[68,42518,42491],{"class":128},[68,42520,85],{"class":78},[68,42522,42523,42525,42527,42529],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,42524,1850],{"class":128},[68,42526,79],{"class":78},[68,42528,75],{"class":74},[68,42530,85],{"class":78},[1470,42532,42534],{"id":42533},"data-types","Data types",[20,42536,42537,42538,1448,42540,1448,42542,1453,42544,236],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42539,200],{},[15,42541,274],{},[15,42543,280],{},[15,42545,6328],{},[59,42547,42549],{"className":61,"code":42548,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42550,42551,42561,42571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42552,42553,42555,42557,42559],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42554,1850],{"class":128},[68,42556,79],{"class":78},[68,42558,200],{"class":74},[68,42560,85],{"class":78},[68,42562,42563,42565,42567,42569],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42564,1850],{"class":128},[68,42566,79],{"class":78},[68,42568,274],{"class":74},[68,42570,85],{"class":78},[68,42572,42573,42575,42577,42579],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,42574,1850],{"class":128},[68,42576,79],{"class":78},[68,42578,280],{"class":74},[68,42580,85],{"class":78},[20,42582,42583],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1470,42585,42372],{"id":34539},[20,42587,42588,42589,232,42592,236],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42590,42591],{},"str.split",[15,42593,42446],{},[59,42595,42597],{"className":61,"code":42596,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42598,42599,42613],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42600,42601,42603,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42602,1850],{"class":128},[68,42604,79],{"class":78},[68,42606,200],{"class":74},[68,42608,236],{"class":78},[68,42610,34502],{"class":1267},[68,42612,85],{"class":78},[68,42614,42615,42617,42619,42621,42623,42625],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42616,1850],{"class":128},[68,42618,79],{"class":78},[68,42620,274],{"class":74},[68,42622,236],{"class":78},[68,42624,13585],{"class":1267},[68,42626,85],{"class":78},[20,42628,42629,42630,8739,42632,28348,42637,42639,42640,42642],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42631,35057],{},[49,42633,42635],{"href":42634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42636,34345],{},[15,42638,34345],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42641,35057],{}," explains one of them.",[1470,42644,42375],{"id":34692},[20,42646,42647,42648,1448,42650,1453,42652,236],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42649,18450],{},[15,42651,35220],{},[15,42653,42654],{},"os",[59,42656,42658],{"className":61,"code":42657,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42659,42660,42666],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42661,42662,42664],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42663,35121],{"class":1098},[68,42665,35124],{"class":106},[68,42667,42668,42670,42672,42674],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42669,1850],{"class":128},[68,42671,79],{"class":78},[68,42673,18450],{"class":138},[68,42675,85],{"class":78},[20,42677,42678,42679,42683,42684,236],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[49,42680,42682],{"href":42681},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[49,42685,35187],{"href":42686},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[93,42688,34948],{"id":34947},[20,42690,42691,42693],{},[15,42692,35057],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42695,42696],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,42698,42699,42702,42705,42708],{},[36,42700,42701],{},"The function signature",[36,42703,42704],{},"The short description",[36,42706,42707],{},"Parameter names",[36,42709,42710],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42712,1335],{},[59,42714,42716],{"className":61,"code":42715,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42717,42718],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42719,42720,42722,42724,42726,42728,42730],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42721,1850],{"class":128},[68,42723,79],{"class":78},[68,42725,200],{"class":74},[68,42727,236],{"class":78},[68,42729,34502],{"class":1267},[68,42731,85],{"class":78},[20,42733,42734],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,42736,42737,42740,42743,42745],{},[36,42738,42739],{},"What object this is",[36,42741,42742],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,42744,22005],{},[36,42746,42747],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42749,42750],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[93,42752,42754],{"id":42753},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42756,42757,29908],{},[15,42758,35057],{},[33,42760,42761,42764,42767,42770],{},[36,42762,42763],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,42765,42766],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,42768,42769],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,42771,42772],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42774,42775],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[59,42777,42778],{"className":61,"code":42715,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,42779,42780],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42781,42782,42784,42786,42788,42790,42792],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42783,1850],{"class":128},[68,42785,79],{"class":78},[68,42787,200],{"class":74},[68,42789,236],{"class":78},[68,42791,34502],{"class":1267},[68,42793,85],{"class":78},[20,42795,42796],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[59,42798,42800],{"className":61,"code":42799,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(open)\n",[15,42801,42802],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42803,42804,42806,42808,42810],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42805,1850],{"class":128},[68,42807,79],{"class":78},[68,42809,42455],{"class":128},[68,42811,85],{"class":78},[93,42813,42815],{"id":42814},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42817,42818,42820],{},[15,42819,35057],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,42822,42823,42826,42829,42832],{},[36,42824,42825],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,42827,42828],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,42830,42831],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,42833,42834],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42836,42837,42838,42840],{},"So, ",[15,42839,35057],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42842,1335],{},[59,42844,42846],{"className":61,"code":42845,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42847,42848,42861,42885,42889],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42849,42850,42852,42854,42856,42859],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42851,1345],{"class":106},[68,42853,111],{"class":110},[68,42855,115],{"class":114},[68,42857,42858],{"class":118},"a,b,c",[68,42860,122],{"class":114},[68,42862,42863,42866,42868,42871,42873,42875,42877,42879,42881,42883],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,42864,42865],{"class":106},"parts ",[68,42867,111],{"class":110},[68,42869,42870],{"class":106}," text",[68,42872,236],{"class":78},[68,42874,34502],{"class":138},[68,42876,79],{"class":78},[68,42878,344],{"class":114},[68,42880,472],{"class":118},[68,42882,344],{"class":114},[68,42884,85],{"class":78},[68,42886,42887],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,42888,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,42890,42891,42893,42895,42898],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,42892,129],{"class":128},[68,42894,79],{"class":78},[68,42896,42897],{"class":138},"parts",[68,42899,85],{"class":78},[20,42901,5599],{},[59,42903,42905],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42906,42907],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,42908,42909,42911,42913,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925,42927,42929,42931,42933],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,42910,795],{"class":78},[68,42912,203],{"class":114},[68,42914,49],{"class":118},[68,42916,203],{"class":114},[68,42918,472],{"class":78},[68,42920,197],{"class":114},[68,42922,4806],{"class":118},[68,42924,203],{"class":114},[68,42926,472],{"class":78},[68,42928,197],{"class":114},[68,42930,9769],{"class":118},[68,42932,203],{"class":114},[68,42934,730],{"class":78},[20,42936,42937],{},"A good workflow is:",[28748,42939,42940,42945,42948,42951],{},[36,42941,224,42942,42944],{},[15,42943,35057],{}," to inspect something",[36,42946,42947],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,42949,42950],{},"Check the result",[36,42952,42953],{},"Repeat",[93,42955,42957],{"id":42956},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42959,42960,232,42962,42964],{},[15,42961,35057],{},[15,42963,34345],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1470,42966,42967],{"id":1850},[15,42968,35057],{},[20,42970,224,42971,42973],{},[15,42972,35057],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42975,42976],{},"It tells you:",[33,42978,42979,42982,42985],{},[36,42980,42981],{},"What something is",[36,42983,42984],{},"How to use it",[36,42986,42987],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1470,42989,42990],{"id":1861},[15,42991,34345],{},[20,42993,224,42994,42996],{},[15,42995,34345],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[59,42998,43000],{"className":61,"code":42999,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dir(str)\n",[15,43001,43002],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43003,43004,43006,43008,43010],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43005,1861],{"class":128},[68,43007,79],{"class":78},[68,43009,200],{"class":74},[68,43011,85],{"class":78},[20,43013,43014,43015,1448,43017,1453,43019,236],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43016,34502],{},[15,43018,8668],{},[15,43020,8674],{},[20,43022,43023,43024,503],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43025,35057],{},[59,43027,43029],{"className":61,"code":43028,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43030,43031],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43032,43033,43035,43037,43039,43041,43043],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43034,1850],{"class":128},[68,43036,79],{"class":78},[68,43038,200],{"class":74},[68,43040,236],{"class":78},[68,43042,8674],{"class":1267},[68,43044,85],{"class":78},[20,43046,43047],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,43049,43050,43055],{},[36,43051,224,43052,43054],{},[15,43053,34345],{}," to discover options",[36,43056,224,43057,43059],{},[15,43058,35057],{}," to understand one option",[93,43061,1750],{"id":1749},[20,43063,43064,43065,236],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43066,35057],{},[1470,43068,633,43070,43073,43074],{"id":43069},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43071,43072],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43075,43076],{},"help(len)",[20,43078,43079],{},"These are not always the same.",[59,43081,43083],{"className":61,"code":43082,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43084,43085,43095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43086,43087,43089,43091,43093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43088,1850],{"class":128},[68,43090,79],{"class":78},[68,43092,11191],{"class":128},[68,43094,85],{"class":78},[68,43096,43097,43099,43101,43103,43105,43107],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43098,1850],{"class":128},[68,43100,79],{"class":78},[68,43102,203],{"class":114},[68,43104,11191],{"class":118},[68,43106,203],{"class":114},[68,43108,85],{"class":78},[20,43110,43111,43113],{},[15,43112,43076],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43115,43116,43118,43119,43122],{},[15,43117,43072],{}," treats ",[15,43120,43121],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1470,43124,43126],{"id":43125},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43128,43129,43131],{},[15,43130,35057],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43133,43134],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1470,43136,43138],{"id":43137},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43140,40377,43141,43143],{},[15,43142,35057],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43145,326],{},[59,43147,43149],{"className":61,"code":43148,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43150,43151,43161],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43152,43153,43155,43157,43159],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43154,1850],{"class":128},[68,43156,79],{"class":78},[68,43158,11191],{"class":128},[68,43160,85],{"class":78},[68,43162,43163,43165,43167,43169,43172,43174],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43164,129],{"class":128},[68,43166,79],{"class":78},[68,43168,344],{"class":114},[68,43170,43171],{"class":118},"Done",[68,43173,344],{"class":114},[68,43175,85],{"class":78},[20,43177,43178],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1470,43180,37237,43182,8739,43184],{"id":43181},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43183,35057],{},[15,43185,34345],{},[20,43187,43188,43189,236],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43190,34345],{},[20,43192,43193,43194,236],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43195,35057],{},[93,43197,43199],{"id":43198},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43201,43202],{},"Open Python:",[59,43204,43205],{"className":61,"code":35573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,43206,43207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43208,43209],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43210,35573],{"class":106},[20,43212,43213],{},"Then test these commands:",[59,43215,43217],{"className":61,"code":43216,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43218,43219,43229,43243,43257,43267,43282],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43220,43221,43223,43225,43227],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43222,1850],{"class":128},[68,43224,79],{"class":78},[68,43226,11191],{"class":128},[68,43228,85],{"class":78},[68,43230,43231,43233,43235,43237,43239,43241],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43232,1850],{"class":128},[68,43234,79],{"class":78},[68,43236,200],{"class":74},[68,43238,236],{"class":78},[68,43240,34502],{"class":1267},[68,43242,85],{"class":78},[68,43244,43245,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,43246,1850],{"class":128},[68,43248,79],{"class":78},[68,43250,274],{"class":74},[68,43252,236],{"class":78},[68,43254,13585],{"class":1267},[68,43256,85],{"class":78},[68,43258,43259,43261,43263,43265],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,43260,1850],{"class":128},[68,43262,79],{"class":78},[68,43264,42455],{"class":128},[68,43266,85],{"class":78},[68,43268,43269,43271,43273,43275,43278,43280],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,43270,1850],{"class":128},[68,43272,79],{"class":78},[68,43274,203],{"class":114},[68,43276,43277],{"class":118},"keywords",[68,43279,203],{"class":114},[68,43281,85],{"class":78},[68,43283,43284,43286,43288,43290],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,43285,1861],{"class":128},[68,43287,79],{"class":78},[68,43289,200],{"class":74},[68,43291,85],{"class":78},[20,43293,43294],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,43296,43297,43300,43303,43306,43309,43312],{},[36,43298,43299],{},"A built-in function",[36,43301,43302],{},"A string method",[36,43304,43305],{},"A list method",[36,43307,43308],{},"A built-in file function",[36,43310,43311],{},"A special help topic",[36,43313,15220,43314,43316],{},[15,43315,34345],{}," example for comparison",[93,43318,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,43320,43322],{"id":43321},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43324,43325],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1470,43327,43329],{"id":43328},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43331,43332,43333,43335],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43334,35057],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[59,43337,43339],{"className":61,"code":43338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43340,43341,43353,43366,43385,43389],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43342,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43344,34881],{"class":193},[68,43346,34885],{"class":34884},[68,43348,79],{"class":78},[68,43350,139],{"class":37696},[68,43352,1113],{"class":78},[68,43354,43355,43359,43363],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43356,43358],{"class":43357},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[68,43360,43362],{"class":43361},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[68,43364,43365],{"class":43357},"\"\"\"\n",[68,43367,43368,43370,43373,43376,43378,43380,43382],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,43369,34892],{"class":1098},[68,43371,43372],{"class":193}," f",[68,43374,43375],{"class":118},"\"Hello, ",[68,43377,9308],{"class":160},[68,43379,139],{"class":106},[68,43381,22338],{"class":160},[68,43383,43384],{"class":118},"!\"\n",[68,43386,43387],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,43388,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,43392,1850],{"class":128},[68,43394,79],{"class":78},[68,43396,34927],{"class":138},[68,43398,85],{"class":78},[1470,43400,43402],{"id":43401},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43404,43405,43407,43408,43410],{},[15,43406,43076],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43409,43072],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1470,43412,43414],{"id":43413},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43416,43417],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[93,43419,1952],{"id":1951},[33,43421,43422,43427,43431,43436,43441],{},[36,43423,43424],{},[49,43425,43426],{"href":42634},"Python dir() function explained",[36,43428,43429],{},[49,43430,8476],{"href":2366},[36,43432,43433],{},[49,43434,43435],{"href":42387},"Python len() function explained",[36,43437,43438],{},[49,43439,43440],{"href":42681},"How import works in Python",[36,43442,43443],{},[49,43444,35187],{"href":42686},[20,43446,43447,43448,43450,43451,1448,43453,1453,43455,43457,43458,384,43461,43464],{},"Try ",[15,43449,35057],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43452,11191],{},[15,43454,129],{},[15,43456,42491],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43459,43460],{},"dir(str)",[15,43462,43463],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1995,43466,43467],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":43469},[43470,43471,43472,43473,43479,43480,43481,43482,43486,43494,43495,43501],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":42352,"depth":125,"text":42353},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":42476,"depth":125,"text":42477,"children":43474},[43475,43476,43477,43478],{"id":42480,"depth":145,"text":42481},{"id":42533,"depth":145,"text":42534},{"id":34539,"depth":145,"text":42372},{"id":34692,"depth":145,"text":42375},{"id":34947,"depth":125,"text":34948},{"id":42753,"depth":125,"text":42754},{"id":42814,"depth":125,"text":42815},{"id":42956,"depth":125,"text":42957,"children":43483},[43484,43485],{"id":1850,"depth":145,"text":35057},{"id":1861,"depth":145,"text":34345},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":43487},[43488,43490,43491,43492],{"id":43069,"depth":145,"text":43489},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43125,"depth":145,"text":43126},{"id":43137,"depth":145,"text":43138},{"id":43181,"depth":145,"text":43493},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43198,"depth":125,"text":43199},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":43496},[43497,43498,43499,43500],{"id":43321,"depth":145,"text":43322},{"id":43328,"depth":145,"text":43329},{"id":43401,"depth":145,"text":43402},{"id":43413,"depth":145,"text":43414},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42281,"description":43502},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43508,"title":43509,"body":43510,"description":44869,"extension":2033,"meta":44870,"navigation":148,"path":44871,"seo":44872,"stem":44873,"__hash__":44874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43511,"toc":44842},[43512,43518,43523,43529,43539,43598,43608,43619,43624,43630,43632,43650,43658,43660,43662,43677,43680,43691,43693,43784,43787,43791,43796,43817,43819,43930,43932,43959,43970,43974,43977,44060,44062,44070,44076,44082,44086,44089,44199,44201,44214,44217,44231,44239,44246,44251,44265,44271,44384,44386,44447,44450,44456,44462,44465,44487,44490,44560,44563,44595,44602,44604,44607,44625,44628,44640,44646,44648,44653,44678,44681,44753,44755,44761,44764,44770,44773,44779,44789,44795,44798,44805,44808,44810,44839],[10,43513,13,43515,18],{"id":43514},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43516,43517],{},"id()",[20,43519,22,43520,43522],{},[15,43521,43517],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43524,43525,43526,43528],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43527,43517],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43530,224,43531,43533,43534,43536,43537,236],{},[15,43532,43517],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1301,43535,1303],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43538,4733],{},[59,43540,43542],{"className":61,"code":43541,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43543,43544,43556,43570,43574,43584],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43545,43546,43548,43550,43552,43554],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43547,107],{"class":106},[68,43549,111],{"class":110},[68,43551,115],{"class":114},[68,43553,7334],{"class":118},[68,43555,122],{"class":114},[68,43557,43558,43560,43562,43564,43566,43568],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43559,129],{"class":128},[68,43561,79],{"class":78},[68,43563,12681],{"class":128},[68,43565,79],{"class":78},[68,43567,139],{"class":138},[68,43569,142],{"class":78},[68,43571,43572],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,43573,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,43575,43576,43579,43581],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,43577,43578],{"class":106},"other ",[68,43580,111],{"class":110},[68,43582,43583],{"class":106}," name\n",[68,43585,43586,43588,43590,43592,43594,43596],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,43587,129],{"class":128},[68,43589,79],{"class":78},[68,43591,12681],{"class":128},[68,43593,79],{"class":78},[68,43595,30777],{"class":138},[68,43597,142],{"class":78},[20,43599,43600,43601,43604,43605,43607],{},"In this example, ",[15,43602,43603],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43606,43517],{}," values match.",[43609,43610,43611],"blockquote",{},[20,43612,224,43613,43615,43616,43618],{},[15,43614,43517],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43617,4733],{}," for value comparison.",[93,43620,3722,43622,3725],{"id":43621},"what-id-does",[15,43623,43517],{},[20,43625,43626,43629],{},[15,43627,43628],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43631,13084],{},[33,43633,43634,43637,43644,43647],{},[36,43635,43636],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,43638,43639,43640,43643],{},"It shows ",[1301,43641,43642],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,43645,43646],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,43648,43649],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43651,43652,43653,43657],{},"This is closely related to how ",[49,43654,43656],{"href":43655},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[93,43659,303],{"id":302},[20,43661,5476],{},[59,43663,43665],{"className":61,"code":43664,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"id(object)\n",[15,43666,43667],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43668,43669,43671,43673,43675],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43670,12681],{"class":128},[68,43672,79],{"class":78},[68,43674,82],{"class":74},[68,43676,85],{"class":78},[20,43678,43679],{},"Important details:",[33,43681,43682,43685,43688],{},[36,43683,43684],{},"It takes one argument",[36,43686,43687],{},"It returns an integer",[36,43689,43690],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43692,326],{},[59,43694,43696],{"className":61,"code":43695,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43697,43698,43710,43718,43738,43742,43756,43770],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43699,43700,43702,43704,43706,43708],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43701,1345],{"class":106},[68,43703,111],{"class":110},[68,43705,115],{"class":114},[68,43707,347],{"class":118},[68,43709,122],{"class":114},[68,43711,43712,43714,43716],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43713,155],{"class":106},[68,43715,111],{"class":110},[68,43717,2832],{"class":160},[68,43719,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,43721,7817],{"class":106},[68,43723,111],{"class":110},[68,43725,725],{"class":78},[68,43727,469],{"class":160},[68,43729,472],{"class":78},[68,43731,475],{"class":160},[68,43733,472],{"class":78},[68,43735,480],{"class":160},[68,43737,730],{"class":78},[68,43739,43740],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,43741,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,43743,43744,43746,43748,43750,43752,43754],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,43745,129],{"class":128},[68,43747,79],{"class":78},[68,43749,12681],{"class":128},[68,43751,79],{"class":78},[68,43753,1367],{"class":138},[68,43755,142],{"class":78},[68,43757,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,43759,129],{"class":128},[68,43761,79],{"class":78},[68,43763,12681],{"class":128},[68,43765,79],{"class":78},[68,43767,175],{"class":138},[68,43769,142],{"class":78},[68,43771,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,43773,129],{"class":128},[68,43775,79],{"class":78},[68,43777,12681],{"class":128},[68,43779,79],{"class":78},[68,43781,7848],{"class":138},[68,43783,142],{"class":78},[20,43785,43786],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[93,43788,43790],{"id":43789},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43792,43793,43794,236],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43795,43517],{},[33,43797,43798,43805,43812],{},[36,43799,43800,43802,43803],{},[15,43801,4733],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1301,43804,665],{},[36,43806,43807,43809,43810],{},[15,43808,12226],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1301,43811,82],{},[36,43813,43814,43816],{},[15,43815,43517],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43818,326],{},[59,43820,43822],{"className":61,"code":43821,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43823,43824,43844,43864,43868,43885,43902,43916],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43825,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838,43840,43842],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43827,2618],{"class":106},[68,43829,111],{"class":110},[68,43831,725],{"class":78},[68,43833,469],{"class":160},[68,43835,472],{"class":78},[68,43837,475],{"class":160},[68,43839,472],{"class":78},[68,43841,480],{"class":160},[68,43843,730],{"class":78},[68,43845,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,43847,2646],{"class":106},[68,43849,111],{"class":110},[68,43851,725],{"class":78},[68,43853,469],{"class":160},[68,43855,472],{"class":78},[68,43857,475],{"class":160},[68,43859,472],{"class":78},[68,43861,480],{"class":160},[68,43863,730],{"class":78},[68,43865,43866],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,43867,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,43869,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,43871,129],{"class":128},[68,43873,79],{"class":78},[68,43875,2618],{"class":138},[68,43877,4733],{"class":110},[68,43879,2623],{"class":138},[68,43881,1701],{"class":78},[68,43883,43884],{"class":3708},"   # True\n",[68,43886,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,43888,129],{"class":128},[68,43890,79],{"class":78},[68,43892,2618],{"class":138},[68,43894,12226],{"class":1098},[68,43896,2623],{"class":138},[68,43898,1701],{"class":78},[68,43900,43901],{"class":3708},"   # False\n",[68,43903,43904,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,43905,129],{"class":128},[68,43907,79],{"class":78},[68,43909,12681],{"class":128},[68,43911,79],{"class":78},[68,43913,49],{"class":138},[68,43915,142],{"class":78},[68,43917,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,43919,129],{"class":128},[68,43921,79],{"class":78},[68,43923,12681],{"class":128},[68,43925,79],{"class":78},[68,43927,4806],{"class":138},[68,43929,142],{"class":78},[20,43931,2250],{},[33,43933,43934,43942,43950],{},[36,43935,43936,4829,43939,43941],{},[15,43937,43938],{},"a == b",[15,43940,290],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,43943,43944,4829,43947,43949],{},[15,43945,43946],{},"a is b",[15,43948,293],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,43951,43952,232,43955,43958],{},[15,43953,43954],{},"id(a)",[15,43956,43957],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43960,43961,43962,232,43966,236],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[49,43963,43965],{"href":43964},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[49,43967,43969],{"href":43968},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[93,43971,43973],{"id":43972},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43975,43976],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[59,43978,43980],{"className":61,"code":43979,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43981,43982,44002,44012,44016,44030,44045],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,43983,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,43985,3663],{"class":106},[68,43987,111],{"class":110},[68,43989,725],{"class":78},[68,43991,438],{"class":160},[68,43993,472],{"class":78},[68,43995,7828],{"class":160},[68,43997,472],{"class":78},[68,43999,7833],{"class":160},[68,44001,730],{"class":78},[68,44003,44004,44007,44009],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44005,44006],{"class":106},"other_numbers ",[68,44008,111],{"class":110},[68,44010,44011],{"class":106}," numbers\n",[68,44013,44014],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,44015,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,44017,44018,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,44019,129],{"class":128},[68,44021,79],{"class":78},[68,44023,12681],{"class":128},[68,44025,79],{"class":78},[68,44027,3693],{"class":138},[68,44029,142],{"class":78},[68,44031,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040,44043],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,44033,129],{"class":128},[68,44035,79],{"class":78},[68,44037,12681],{"class":128},[68,44039,79],{"class":78},[68,44041,44042],{"class":138},"other_numbers",[68,44044,142],{"class":78},[68,44046,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44058],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,44048,129],{"class":128},[68,44050,79],{"class":78},[68,44052,3663],{"class":138},[68,44054,12226],{"class":1098},[68,44056,44057],{"class":138}," other_numbers",[68,44059,85],{"class":78},[20,44061,5599],{},[59,44063,44064],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,44065,44066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44067,44068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44069,1070],{"class":526},[20,44071,44072,44073,44075],{},"The two ",[15,44074,43517],{}," values will also match.",[20,44077,22224,44078,44081],{},[15,44079,44080],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[93,44083,44085],{"id":44084},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44087,44088],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[59,44090,44092],{"className":61,"code":44091,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44093,44094,44115,44136,44140,44155,44169,44184],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44095,44096,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44097,44098],{"class":106},"list_a ",[68,44100,111],{"class":110},[68,44102,725],{"class":78},[68,44104,469],{"class":160},[68,44106,472],{"class":78},[68,44108,475],{"class":160},[68,44110,472],{"class":78},[68,44112,480],{"class":160},[68,44114,730],{"class":78},[68,44116,44117,44120,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44118,44119],{"class":106},"list_b ",[68,44121,111],{"class":110},[68,44123,725],{"class":78},[68,44125,469],{"class":160},[68,44127,472],{"class":78},[68,44129,475],{"class":160},[68,44131,472],{"class":78},[68,44133,480],{"class":160},[68,44135,730],{"class":78},[68,44137,44138],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,44139,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44153],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,44143,129],{"class":128},[68,44145,79],{"class":78},[68,44147,44098],{"class":138},[68,44149,4733],{"class":110},[68,44151,44152],{"class":138}," list_b",[68,44154,85],{"class":78},[68,44156,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165,44167],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,44158,129],{"class":128},[68,44160,79],{"class":78},[68,44162,44098],{"class":138},[68,44164,12226],{"class":1098},[68,44166,44152],{"class":138},[68,44168,85],{"class":78},[68,44170,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44182],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,44172,129],{"class":128},[68,44174,79],{"class":78},[68,44176,12681],{"class":128},[68,44178,79],{"class":78},[68,44180,44181],{"class":138},"list_a",[68,44183,142],{"class":78},[68,44185,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44197],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,44187,129],{"class":128},[68,44189,79],{"class":78},[68,44191,12681],{"class":128},[68,44193,79],{"class":78},[68,44195,44196],{"class":138},"list_b",[68,44198,142],{"class":78},[20,44200,5599],{},[59,44202,44204],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44205,44206,44210],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44207,44208],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44209,1070],{"class":526},[68,44211,44212],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44213,4084],{"class":526},[20,44215,44216],{},"What this means:",[33,44218,44219,44222,44225],{},[36,44220,44221],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,44223,44224],{},"They are not the same object",[36,44226,44227,44228,44230],{},"Their ",[15,44229,43517],{}," values are usually different",[20,44232,44233,44234,44236,44237,236],{},"This is why ",[15,44235,43517],{}," should not replace ",[15,44238,4733],{},[93,44240,44242,44243,44245],{"id":44241},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44244,43517],{}," is useful",[20,44247,44248,44250],{},[15,44249,43517],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,44252,44253,44256,44259,44262],{},[36,44254,44255],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,44257,44258],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,44260,44261],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,44263,44264],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44266,44267,44268,44270],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44269,43517],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[59,44272,44274],{"className":61,"code":44273,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44275,44276,44300,44309,44313,44332,44336,44346,44356,44370],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44277,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44279,12118],{"class":106},[68,44281,111],{"class":110},[68,44283,725],{"class":78},[68,44285,344],{"class":114},[68,44287,49],{"class":118},[68,44289,344],{"class":114},[68,44291,472],{"class":78},[68,44293,115],{"class":114},[68,44295,4806],{"class":118},[68,44297,344],{"class":114},[68,44299,730],{"class":78},[68,44301,44302,44305,44307],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44303,44304],{"class":106},"copy_ref ",[68,44306,111],{"class":110},[68,44308,12156],{"class":106},[68,44310,44311],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,44312,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,44314,44315,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,44316,44317],{"class":106},"copy_ref",[68,44319,236],{"class":78},[68,44321,13585],{"class":138},[68,44323,79],{"class":78},[68,44325,344],{"class":114},[68,44327,9769],{"class":118},[68,44329,344],{"class":114},[68,44331,85],{"class":78},[68,44333,44334],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,44335,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,44337,44338,44340,44342,44344],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,44339,129],{"class":128},[68,44341,79],{"class":78},[68,44343,12165],{"class":138},[68,44345,85],{"class":78},[68,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,44349,129],{"class":128},[68,44351,79],{"class":78},[68,44353,44317],{"class":138},[68,44355,85],{"class":78},[68,44357,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,44359,129],{"class":128},[68,44361,79],{"class":78},[68,44363,12681],{"class":128},[68,44365,79],{"class":78},[68,44367,12165],{"class":138},[68,44369,142],{"class":78},[68,44371,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,44373,129],{"class":128},[68,44375,79],{"class":78},[68,44377,12681],{"class":128},[68,44379,79],{"class":78},[68,44381,44317],{"class":138},[68,44383,142],{"class":78},[20,44385,5599],{},[59,44387,44389],{"className":61,"code":44388,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44390,44391,44419],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44392,44393,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44394,795],{"class":78},[68,44396,203],{"class":114},[68,44398,49],{"class":118},[68,44400,203],{"class":114},[68,44402,472],{"class":78},[68,44404,197],{"class":114},[68,44406,4806],{"class":118},[68,44408,203],{"class":114},[68,44410,472],{"class":78},[68,44412,197],{"class":114},[68,44414,9769],{"class":118},[68,44416,203],{"class":114},[68,44418,730],{"class":78},[68,44420,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44422,795],{"class":78},[68,44424,203],{"class":114},[68,44426,49],{"class":118},[68,44428,203],{"class":114},[68,44430,472],{"class":78},[68,44432,197],{"class":114},[68,44434,4806],{"class":118},[68,44436,203],{"class":114},[68,44438,472],{"class":78},[68,44440,197],{"class":114},[68,44442,9769],{"class":118},[68,44444,203],{"class":114},[68,44446,730],{"class":78},[20,44448,44449],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[93,44451,44453,44454],{"id":44452},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44455,43517],{},[20,44457,44458,44459,44461],{},"Do not use ",[15,44460,43517],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44463,44464],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,44466,44467,44473,44479,44482],{},[36,44468,44469,44470,44472],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44471,4733],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,44474,44475,44476,44478],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44477,43517],{}," values across program runs",[36,44480,44481],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,44483,44484,44485],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44486,43517],{},[20,44488,44489],{},"Bad example:",[59,44491,44493],{"className":61,"code":44492,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44494,44495,44507,44519,44523,44545],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44496,44497,44499,44501,44503,44505],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44498,2618],{"class":106},[68,44500,111],{"class":110},[68,44502,115],{"class":114},[68,44504,37080],{"class":118},[68,44506,122],{"class":114},[68,44508,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44510,2646],{"class":106},[68,44512,111],{"class":110},[68,44514,115],{"class":114},[68,44516,37080],{"class":118},[68,44518,122],{"class":114},[68,44520,44521],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,44522,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,44524,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,44526,1099],{"class":1098},[68,44528,14848],{"class":128},[68,44530,79],{"class":78},[68,44532,49],{"class":138},[68,44534,1701],{"class":78},[68,44536,1639],{"class":110},[68,44538,14848],{"class":128},[68,44540,79],{"class":78},[68,44542,4806],{"class":138},[68,44544,1113],{"class":78},[68,44546,44547,44549,44551,44553,44556,44558],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,44548,1118],{"class":128},[68,44550,79],{"class":78},[68,44552,344],{"class":114},[68,44554,44555],{"class":118},"The values are equal",[68,44557,344],{"class":114},[68,44559,85],{"class":78},[20,44561,44562],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[59,44564,44566],{"className":61,"code":44565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44567,44568,44581],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44569,44570,44572,44575,44577,44579],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44571,1099],{"class":1098},[68,44573,44574],{"class":106}," a ",[68,44576,4733],{"class":110},[68,44578,2623],{"class":106},[68,44580,1648],{"class":78},[68,44582,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591,44593],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44584,1118],{"class":128},[68,44586,79],{"class":78},[68,44588,344],{"class":114},[68,44590,44555],{"class":118},[68,44592,344],{"class":114},[68,44594,85],{"class":78},[20,44596,224,44597,384,44599,44601],{},[15,44598,12226],{},[15,44600,43517],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[93,44603,20835],{"id":20834},[20,44605,44606],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,44608,44609,44612,44615,44620],{},[36,44610,44611],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,44613,44614],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,44616,44617,44618],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44619,43517],{},[36,44621,44622,44623],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44624,43517],{},[20,44626,44627],{},"The important rule is:",[33,44629,44630,44635],{},[36,44631,224,44632,44634],{},[15,44633,4733],{}," to check value",[36,44636,224,44637,44639],{},[15,44638,12226],{}," to check identity",[20,44641,44642,44643,44645],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44644,43517],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[93,44647,1750],{"id":1749},[20,44649,44650,44651,503],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44652,43517],{},[33,44654,44655,44662,44665,44668,44673],{},[36,44656,633,44657,1784,44659,44661],{},[15,44658,43517],{},[15,44660,4733],{}," should be used",[36,44663,44664],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,44666,44667],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,44669,44670,44671],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44672,43517],{},[36,44674,633,44675,44677],{},[15,44676,43517],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44679,44680],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[59,44682,44684],{"className":61,"code":44683,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44685,44686,44701,44715,44729,44743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44687,44688,44690,44692,44694,44696,44699],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44689,129],{"class":128},[68,44691,79],{"class":78},[68,44693,12681],{"class":128},[68,44695,79],{"class":78},[68,44697,44698],{"class":138},"my_object",[68,44700,142],{"class":78},[68,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44704,129],{"class":128},[68,44706,79],{"class":78},[68,44708,2618],{"class":138},[68,44710,4733],{"class":110},[68,44712,2623],{"class":138},[68,44714,85],{"class":78},[68,44716,44717,44719,44721,44723,44725,44727],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,44718,129],{"class":128},[68,44720,79],{"class":78},[68,44722,2618],{"class":138},[68,44724,12226],{"class":1098},[68,44726,2623],{"class":138},[68,44728,85],{"class":78},[68,44730,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,44732,129],{"class":128},[68,44734,79],{"class":78},[68,44736,75],{"class":74},[68,44738,79],{"class":78},[68,44740,44698],{"class":138},[68,44742,142],{"class":78},[68,44744,44745,44747,44749,44751],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,44746,1850],{"class":128},[68,44748,79],{"class":78},[68,44750,12681],{"class":128},[68,44752,85],{"class":78},[93,44754,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,44756,44758,44759,12748],{"id":44757},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44760,43517],{},[20,44762,44763],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1470,44765,1900,44767,44769],{"id":44766},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44768,43517],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44771,44772],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1470,44774,21455,44776,44778],{"id":44775},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44777,43517],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44780,30305,44781,44783,44784,384,44786,44788],{},[15,44782,4733],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44785,43517],{},[15,44787,12226],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1470,44790,44792,44793,1906],{"id":44791},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44794,43517],{},[20,44796,44797],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1470,44799,44801,44802,44804],{"id":44800},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44803,43517],{}," values?",[20,44806,44807],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[93,44809,1952],{"id":1951},[33,44811,44812,44817,44822,44826,44833],{},[36,44813,44814],{},[49,44815,44816],{"href":43655},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,44818,44819],{},[49,44820,44821],{"href":43964},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,44823,44824],{},[49,44825,629],{"href":43968},[36,44827,44828],{},[49,44829,13,44831,1151],{"href":44830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44832,972],{},[36,44834,44835],{},[49,44836,44838],{"href":44837},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1995,44840,44841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":44843},[44844,44846,44847,44848,44849,44850,44852,44854,44855,44856,44868],{"id":43621,"depth":125,"text":44845},"What id() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":43789,"depth":125,"text":43790},{"id":43972,"depth":125,"text":43973},{"id":44084,"depth":125,"text":44085},{"id":44241,"depth":125,"text":44851},"When id() is useful",{"id":44452,"depth":125,"text":44853},"When not to use id()",{"id":20834,"depth":125,"text":20835},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":44857},[44858,44860,44862,44864,44866],{"id":44757,"depth":145,"text":44859},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44766,"depth":145,"text":44861},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44775,"depth":145,"text":44863},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44791,"depth":145,"text":44865},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44800,"depth":145,"text":44867},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43509,"description":44869},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44876,"title":42223,"body":44877,"description":46511,"extension":2033,"meta":46512,"navigation":148,"path":46513,"seo":46514,"stem":46515,"__hash__":46516},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44878,"toc":46477},[44879,44884,44889,44892,44894,44937,44942,44945,44950,44955,44958,44974,44976,45020,45022,45049,45051,45066,45068,45070,45072,45088,45090,45102,45105,45139,45142,45167,45172,45174,45179,45183,45186,45188,45236,45238,45271,45277,45288,45290,45341,45343,45374,45376,45380,45384,45427,45433,45439,45491,45499,45504,45508,45599,45601,45634,45637,45639,45699,45701,45727,45736,45738,45742,45747,45752,45754,45791,45793,45811,45814,45818,45821,45877,45889,45898,45900,45927,45934,45941,45945,45948,45985,45988,45994,46031,46033,46037,46043,46061,46066,46114,46118,46207,46210,46217,46219,46221,46226,46244,46246,46289,46295,46312,46314,46375,46377,46379,46385,46392,46398,46404,46413,46423,46427,46435,46437,46439,46474],[10,44880,13,44882,18],{"id":44881},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44883,54],{},[20,44885,2050,44886,44888],{},[15,44887,54],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44890,44891],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[93,44893,2075],{"id":2074},[59,44895,44897],{"className":61,"code":44896,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44898,44899,44918],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44900,44901,44903,44905,44907,44909,44911,44914,44916],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44902,107],{"class":106},[68,44904,111],{"class":110},[68,44906,835],{"class":128},[68,44908,79],{"class":78},[68,44910,344],{"class":114},[68,44912,44913],{"class":118},"Enter your name: ",[68,44915,344],{"class":114},[68,44917,85],{"class":78},[68,44919,44920,44922,44924,44926,44929,44931,44933,44935],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,44921,129],{"class":128},[68,44923,79],{"class":78},[68,44925,344],{"class":114},[68,44927,44928],{"class":118},"Hello, ",[68,44930,344],{"class":114},[68,44932,2518],{"class":110},[68,44934,36023],{"class":138},[68,44936,85],{"class":78},[20,44938,224,44939,44941],{},[15,44940,54],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44943,44944],"hr",{},[93,44946,3722,44948,3725],{"id":44947},"what-input-does",[15,44949,54],{},[20,44951,44952,44954],{},[15,44953,54],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44956,44957],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,44959,44960,44965,44968,44971],{},[36,44961,44962,44964],{},[15,44963,54],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,44966,44967],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,44969,44970],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,44972,44973],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44975,326],{},[59,44977,44979],{"className":61,"code":44978,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44980,44981,45001],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,44982,44983,44986,44988,44990,44992,44994,44997,44999],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,44984,44985],{"class":106},"color ",[68,44987,111],{"class":110},[68,44989,835],{"class":128},[68,44991,79],{"class":78},[68,44993,344],{"class":114},[68,44995,44996],{"class":118},"What is your favorite color? ",[68,44998,344],{"class":114},[68,45000,85],{"class":78},[68,45002,45003,45005,45007,45009,45012,45014,45016,45018],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45004,129],{"class":128},[68,45006,79],{"class":78},[68,45008,344],{"class":114},[68,45010,45011],{"class":118},"Your favorite color is",[68,45013,344],{"class":114},[68,45015,472],{"class":78},[68,45017,35882],{"class":138},[68,45019,85],{"class":78},[20,45021,30064],{},[59,45023,45025],{"className":61,"code":45024,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45026,45027,45040],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45028,45029,45031,45033,45036,45038],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45030,3722],{"class":106},[68,45032,12226],{"class":110},[68,45034,45035],{"class":106}," your favorite color",[68,45037,1906],{"class":37400},[68,45039,35912],{"class":106},[68,45041,45042,45045,45047],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45043,45044],{"class":106},"Your favorite color ",[68,45046,12226],{"class":110},[68,45048,35912],{"class":106},[20,45050,19991],{},[33,45052,45053,45058,45063],{},[36,45054,45055,45056],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45057,44996],{},[36,45059,45060,45061],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45062,32924],{},[36,45064,45065],{},"That value is then printed",[44943,45067],{},[93,45069,303],{"id":302},[20,45071,7255],{},[59,45073,45075],{"className":61,"code":45074,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45076,45077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45078,45079,45081,45083,45086],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45080,42491],{"class":128},[68,45082,79],{"class":78},[68,45084,45085],{"class":138},"prompt",[68,45087,85],{"class":78},[20,45089,11489],{},[33,45091,45092,45096,45099],{},[36,45093,2050,45094,20073],{},[15,45095,45085],{},[36,45097,45098],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,45100,45101],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45103,45104],{},"Example with a prompt:",[59,45106,45108],{"className":61,"code":45107,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45109,45110,45129],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45111,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45122,45125,45127],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45113,7999],{"class":106},[68,45115,111],{"class":110},[68,45117,835],{"class":128},[68,45119,79],{"class":78},[68,45121,344],{"class":114},[68,45123,45124],{"class":118},"Enter your username: ",[68,45126,344],{"class":114},[68,45128,85],{"class":78},[68,45130,45131,45133,45135,45137],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45132,129],{"class":128},[68,45134,79],{"class":78},[68,45136,8023],{"class":138},[68,45138,85],{"class":78},[20,45140,45141],{},"Example without a prompt:",[59,45143,45145],{"className":61,"code":45144,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45146,45147,45157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45148,45149,45151,45153,45155],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45150,652],{"class":106},[68,45152,111],{"class":110},[68,45154,835],{"class":128},[68,45156,8677],{"class":78},[68,45158,45159,45161,45163,45165],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45160,129],{"class":128},[68,45162,79],{"class":78},[68,45164,665],{"class":138},[68,45166,85],{"class":78},[20,45168,7800,45169,45171],{},[15,45170,54],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44943,45173],{},[93,45175,3722,45177,11737],{"id":45176},"what-input-returns",[15,45178,54],{},[20,45180,45181,8261],{},[15,45182,54],{},[20,45184,45185],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45187,326],{},[59,45189,45191],{"className":61,"code":45190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45192,45193,45212,45222],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45194,45195,45197,45199,45201,45203,45205,45208,45210],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45196,21663],{"class":106},[68,45198,111],{"class":110},[68,45200,835],{"class":128},[68,45202,79],{"class":78},[68,45204,344],{"class":114},[68,45206,45207],{"class":118},"Enter your age: ",[68,45209,344],{"class":114},[68,45211,85],{"class":78},[68,45213,45214,45216,45218,45220],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45215,129],{"class":128},[68,45217,79],{"class":78},[68,45219,395],{"class":138},[68,45221,85],{"class":78},[68,45223,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45225,129],{"class":128},[68,45227,79],{"class":78},[68,45229,75],{"class":74},[68,45231,79],{"class":78},[68,45233,395],{"class":138},[68,45235,142],{"class":78},[20,45237,30064],{},[59,45239,45241],{"className":61,"code":45240,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45242,45243,45253,45257],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45244,45245,45248,45250],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45246,45247],{"class":106},"Enter your age",[68,45249,503],{"class":78},[68,45251,45252],{"class":160}," 25\n",[68,45254,45255],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45256,2772],{"class":160},[68,45258,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45260,190],{"class":110},[68,45262,194],{"class":193},[68,45264,197],{"class":114},[68,45266,200],{"class":118},[68,45268,203],{"class":114},[68,45270,206],{"class":110},[20,45272,45273,45274,45276],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45275,902],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45278,45279,45280,384,45284,236],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[49,45281,45282],{"href":946},[15,45283,949],{},[49,45285,45286],{"href":952},[15,45287,955],{},[20,45289,326],{},[59,45291,45293],{"className":61,"code":45292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45294,45295,45317,45327],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45296,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45298,21663],{"class":106},[68,45300,111],{"class":110},[68,45302,875],{"class":74},[68,45304,79],{"class":78},[68,45306,42491],{"class":128},[68,45308,79],{"class":78},[68,45310,344],{"class":114},[68,45312,45207],{"class":118},[68,45314,344],{"class":114},[68,45316,142],{"class":78},[68,45318,45319,45321,45323,45325],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45320,129],{"class":128},[68,45322,79],{"class":78},[68,45324,395],{"class":138},[68,45326,85],{"class":78},[68,45328,45329,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45330,129],{"class":128},[68,45332,79],{"class":78},[68,45334,75],{"class":74},[68,45336,79],{"class":78},[68,45338,395],{"class":138},[68,45340,142],{"class":78},[20,45342,30064],{},[59,45344,45346],{"className":61,"code":45345,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45347,45348,45356,45360],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45349,45350,45352,45354],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45351,45247],{"class":106},[68,45353,503],{"class":78},[68,45355,45252],{"class":160},[68,45357,45358],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45359,2772],{"class":160},[68,45361,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45363,190],{"class":110},[68,45365,194],{"class":193},[68,45367,197],{"class":114},[68,45369,217],{"class":118},[68,45371,203],{"class":114},[68,45373,206],{"class":110},[44943,45375],{},[93,45377,45379],{"id":45378},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1470,45381,45383],{"id":45382},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[59,45385,45387],{"className":61,"code":45386,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45388,45389,45408],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45390,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401,45404,45406],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45392,107],{"class":106},[68,45394,111],{"class":110},[68,45396,835],{"class":128},[68,45398,79],{"class":78},[68,45400,344],{"class":114},[68,45402,45403],{"class":118},"What is your name? ",[68,45405,344],{"class":114},[68,45407,85],{"class":78},[68,45409,45410,45412,45414,45416,45419,45421,45423,45425],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45411,129],{"class":128},[68,45413,79],{"class":78},[68,45415,344],{"class":114},[68,45417,45418],{"class":118},"Hello,",[68,45420,344],{"class":114},[68,45422,472],{"class":78},[68,45424,36023],{"class":138},[68,45426,85],{"class":78},[20,45428,45429,45430,45432],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45431,139],{}," and prints it.",[1470,45434,45436,45437],{"id":45435},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45438,949],{},[59,45440,45442],{"className":61,"code":45441,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45443,45444,45467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45445,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45463,45465],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45447,21663],{"class":106},[68,45449,111],{"class":110},[68,45451,875],{"class":74},[68,45453,79],{"class":78},[68,45455,42491],{"class":128},[68,45457,79],{"class":78},[68,45459,344],{"class":114},[68,45461,45462],{"class":118},"How old are you? ",[68,45464,344],{"class":114},[68,45466,142],{"class":78},[68,45468,45469,45471,45473,45475,45478,45480,45482,45485,45487,45489],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45470,129],{"class":128},[68,45472,79],{"class":78},[68,45474,344],{"class":114},[68,45476,45477],{"class":118},"Next year you will be",[68,45479,344],{"class":114},[68,45481,472],{"class":78},[68,45483,45484],{"class":138}," age ",[68,45486,2132],{"class":110},[68,45488,5539],{"class":160},[68,45490,85],{"class":78},[20,45492,6101,45493,45495,45496,45498],{},[15,45494,949],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45497,54],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45500,45501,45502,236],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[49,45503,963],{"href":962},[1470,45505,45507],{"id":45506},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[59,45509,45511],{"className":61,"code":45510,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45512,45513,45537,45561,45575,45579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45514,45515,45518,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45533,45535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45516,45517],{"class":106},"num1 ",[68,45519,111],{"class":110},[68,45521,875],{"class":74},[68,45523,79],{"class":78},[68,45525,42491],{"class":128},[68,45527,79],{"class":78},[68,45529,344],{"class":114},[68,45531,45532],{"class":118},"Enter the first number: ",[68,45534,344],{"class":114},[68,45536,142],{"class":78},[68,45538,45539,45542,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45557,45559],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45540,45541],{"class":106},"num2 ",[68,45543,111],{"class":110},[68,45545,875],{"class":74},[68,45547,79],{"class":78},[68,45549,42491],{"class":128},[68,45551,79],{"class":78},[68,45553,344],{"class":114},[68,45555,45556],{"class":118},"Enter the second number: ",[68,45558,344],{"class":114},[68,45560,142],{"class":78},[68,45562,45563,45565,45567,45570,45572],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45564,41214],{"class":106},[68,45566,111],{"class":110},[68,45568,45569],{"class":106}," num1 ",[68,45571,2132],{"class":110},[68,45573,45574],{"class":106}," num2\n",[68,45576,45577],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,45578,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,45580,45581,45583,45585,45587,45590,45592,45594,45597],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,45582,129],{"class":128},[68,45584,79],{"class":78},[68,45586,344],{"class":114},[68,45588,45589],{"class":118},"Total:",[68,45591,344],{"class":114},[68,45593,472],{"class":78},[68,45595,45596],{"class":138}," total",[68,45598,85],{"class":78},[20,45600,30064],{},[59,45602,45604],{"className":61,"code":45603,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45605,45606,45616,45625],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45607,45608,45611,45613],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45609,45610],{"class":106},"Enter the first number",[68,45612,503],{"class":78},[68,45614,45615],{"class":160}," 2\n",[68,45617,45618,45621,45623],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45619,45620],{"class":106},"Enter the second number",[68,45622,503],{"class":78},[68,45624,2641],{"class":160},[68,45626,45627,45630,45632],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45628,45629],{"class":106},"Total",[68,45631,503],{"class":78},[68,45633,1007],{"class":160},[20,45635,45636],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45638,326],{},[59,45640,45642],{"className":61,"code":45641,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45643,45644,45662,45680,45684],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45645,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45647,45517],{"class":106},[68,45649,111],{"class":110},[68,45651,835],{"class":128},[68,45653,79],{"class":78},[68,45655,344],{"class":114},[68,45657,45532],{"class":118},[68,45659,344],{"class":114},[68,45661,85],{"class":78},[68,45663,45664,45666,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45665,45541],{"class":106},[68,45667,111],{"class":110},[68,45669,835],{"class":128},[68,45671,79],{"class":78},[68,45673,344],{"class":114},[68,45675,45556],{"class":118},[68,45677,344],{"class":114},[68,45679,85],{"class":78},[68,45681,45682],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45683,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,45685,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694,45697],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,45687,129],{"class":128},[68,45689,79],{"class":78},[68,45691,45517],{"class":138},[68,45693,2132],{"class":110},[68,45695,45696],{"class":138}," num2",[68,45698,85],{"class":78},[20,45700,30064],{},[59,45702,45704],{"className":61,"code":45703,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45705,45706,45714,45722],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45707,45708,45710,45712],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45709,45610],{"class":106},[68,45711,503],{"class":78},[68,45713,45615],{"class":160},[68,45715,45716,45718,45720],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45717,45620],{"class":106},[68,45719,503],{"class":78},[68,45721,2641],{"class":160},[68,45723,45724],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45725,45726],{"class":160},"23\n",[20,45728,938,45729,45732,45733,236],{},[15,45730,45731],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45734,45735],{},"\"23\"",[44943,45737],{},[93,45739,45741],{"id":45740},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45743,45744,45745,236],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45746,54],{},[1470,45748,4749,45750,41574],{"id":45749},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45751,54],{},[20,45753,39233],{},[59,45755,45757],{"className":61,"code":45756,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45758,45759,45777],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45760,45761,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45762,652],{"class":106},[68,45764,111],{"class":110},[68,45766,835],{"class":128},[68,45768,79],{"class":78},[68,45770,344],{"class":114},[68,45772,842],{"class":118},[68,45774,344],{"class":114},[68,45776,85],{"class":78},[68,45778,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787,45789],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45780,129],{"class":128},[68,45782,79],{"class":78},[68,45784,75],{"class":74},[68,45786,79],{"class":78},[68,45788,665],{"class":138},[68,45790,142],{"class":78},[20,45792,180],{},[59,45794,45795],{"className":61,"code":356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,45796,45797],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45798,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807,45809],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45800,190],{"class":110},[68,45802,194],{"class":193},[68,45804,197],{"class":114},[68,45806,200],{"class":118},[68,45808,203],{"class":114},[68,45810,206],{"class":110},[20,45812,45813],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1470,45815,45817],{"id":45816},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45819,45820],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[59,45822,45824],{"className":61,"code":45823,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45825,45826,45844,45863],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45827,45828,45830,45832,45834,45836,45838,45840,45842],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45829,2618],{"class":106},[68,45831,111],{"class":110},[68,45833,835],{"class":128},[68,45835,79],{"class":78},[68,45837,344],{"class":114},[68,45839,842],{"class":118},[68,45841,344],{"class":114},[68,45843,85],{"class":78},[68,45845,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45859,45861],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45847,2646],{"class":106},[68,45849,111],{"class":110},[68,45851,835],{"class":128},[68,45853,79],{"class":78},[68,45855,344],{"class":114},[68,45857,45858],{"class":118},"Enter another number: ",[68,45860,344],{"class":114},[68,45862,85],{"class":78},[68,45864,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,45866,129],{"class":128},[68,45868,79],{"class":78},[68,45870,2618],{"class":138},[68,45872,2132],{"class":110},[68,45874,2623],{"class":138},[68,45876,85],{"class":78},[20,45878,899,45879,232,45881,45883,45884,18997,45887,236],{},[15,45880,2568],{},[15,45882,1497],{},", the result is ",[15,45885,45886],{},"45",[15,45888,2216],{},[1470,45890,45892,45893,45895,45896],{"id":45891},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45894,40738],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45897,949],{},[20,45899,326],{},[59,45901,45903],{"className":61,"code":45902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45904,45905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45908,21663],{"class":106},[68,45910,111],{"class":110},[68,45912,875],{"class":74},[68,45914,79],{"class":78},[68,45916,42491],{"class":128},[68,45918,79],{"class":78},[68,45920,344],{"class":114},[68,45922,45207],{"class":118},[68,45924,344],{"class":114},[68,45926,142],{"class":78},[20,45928,8306,45929,45931,45932,236],{},[15,45930,691],{},", Python raises a ",[15,45933,40738],{},[20,45935,45936,45937,236],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[49,45938,45940],{"href":45939},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1470,45942,45944],{"id":45943},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45946,45947],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[59,45949,45951],{"className":61,"code":45950,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45952,45953,45971],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,45954,45955,45957,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,45956,107],{"class":106},[68,45958,111],{"class":110},[68,45960,835],{"class":128},[68,45962,79],{"class":78},[68,45964,344],{"class":114},[68,45966,44913],{"class":118},[68,45968,344],{"class":114},[68,45970,85],{"class":78},[68,45972,45973,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,45974,129],{"class":128},[68,45976,79],{"class":78},[68,45978,1839],{"class":128},[68,45980,79],{"class":78},[68,45982,139],{"class":138},[68,45984,142],{"class":78},[20,45986,45987],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45989,45990,45991,503],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45992,45993],{},".strip()",[59,45995,45997],{"className":61,"code":45996,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45998,45999,46021],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46000,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46002,107],{"class":106},[68,46004,111],{"class":110},[68,46006,835],{"class":128},[68,46008,79],{"class":78},[68,46010,344],{"class":114},[68,46012,44913],{"class":118},[68,46014,344],{"class":114},[68,46016,8665],{"class":78},[68,46018,8668],{"class":138},[68,46020,8677],{"class":78},[68,46022,46023,46025,46027,46029],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46024,129],{"class":128},[68,46026,79],{"class":78},[68,46028,139],{"class":138},[68,46030,85],{"class":78},[44943,46032],{},[93,46034,46036],{"id":46035},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46038,46039,46040,46042],{},"These habits make ",[15,46041,54],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,46044,46045,46048,46053,46056],{},[36,46046,46047],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,46049,224,46050,46052],{},[15,46051,45993],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,46054,46055],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,46057,224,46058,46060],{},[15,46059,29816],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46062,46063,46064,503],{},"Example with ",[15,46065,45993],{},[59,46067,46069],{"className":61,"code":46068,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46070,46071,46095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46072,46073,46076,46078,46080,46082,46084,46087,46089,46091,46093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46074,46075],{"class":106},"city ",[68,46077,111],{"class":110},[68,46079,835],{"class":128},[68,46081,79],{"class":78},[68,46083,344],{"class":114},[68,46085,46086],{"class":118},"Enter your city: ",[68,46088,344],{"class":114},[68,46090,8665],{"class":78},[68,46092,8668],{"class":138},[68,46094,8677],{"class":78},[68,46096,46097,46099,46101,46103,46106,46108,46110,46112],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46098,129],{"class":128},[68,46100,79],{"class":78},[68,46102,344],{"class":114},[68,46104,46105],{"class":118},"City:",[68,46107,344],{"class":114},[68,46109,472],{"class":78},[68,46111,31419],{"class":138},[68,46113,85],{"class":78},[20,46115,46063,46116,503],{},[15,46117,29816],{},[59,46119,46121],{"className":61,"code":46120,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46122,46123,46129,46152,46184,46192],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46124,46125,46127],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46126,29838],{"class":1098},[68,46128,1648],{"class":78},[68,46130,46131,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148,46150],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46132,46133],{"class":106},"    age ",[68,46135,111],{"class":110},[68,46137,875],{"class":74},[68,46139,79],{"class":78},[68,46141,42491],{"class":128},[68,46143,79],{"class":78},[68,46145,344],{"class":114},[68,46147,45207],{"class":118},[68,46149,344],{"class":114},[68,46151,142],{"class":78},[68,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160,46163,46165,46167,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46180,46182],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46155,1118],{"class":128},[68,46157,79],{"class":78},[68,46159,344],{"class":114},[68,46161,46162],{"class":118},"You will be",[68,46164,344],{"class":114},[68,46166,472],{"class":78},[68,46168,45484],{"class":138},[68,46170,2132],{"class":110},[68,46172,5539],{"class":160},[68,46174,472],{"class":78},[68,46176,115],{"class":114},[68,46178,46179],{"class":118},"next year",[68,46181,344],{"class":114},[68,46183,85],{"class":78},[68,46185,46186,46188,46190],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,46187,29869],{"class":1098},[68,46189,41956],{"class":74},[68,46191,1648],{"class":78},[68,46193,46194,46196,46198,46200,46203,46205],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,46195,1118],{"class":128},[68,46197,79],{"class":78},[68,46199,344],{"class":114},[68,46201,46202],{"class":118},"Please enter a whole number.",[68,46204,344],{"class":114},[68,46206,85],{"class":78},[20,46208,46209],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46211,46212,46213,236],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[49,46214,46216],{"href":46215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44943,46218],{},[93,46220,1750],{"id":1749},[20,46222,46223,46224,503],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46225,54],{},[33,46227,46228,46235,46238,46241],{},[36,46229,46230,46231,384,46233],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46232,949],{},[15,46234,955],{},[36,46236,46237],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,46239,46240],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,46242,46243],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46245,32117],{},[59,46247,46249],{"className":61,"code":46248,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46250,46251,46261,46275],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46252,46253,46255,46257,46259],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46254,129],{"class":128},[68,46256,79],{"class":78},[68,46258,665],{"class":138},[68,46260,85],{"class":78},[68,46262,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46264,129],{"class":128},[68,46266,79],{"class":78},[68,46268,75],{"class":74},[68,46270,79],{"class":78},[68,46272,665],{"class":138},[68,46274,142],{"class":78},[68,46276,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46278,129],{"class":128},[68,46280,79],{"class":78},[68,46282,1839],{"class":128},[68,46284,79],{"class":78},[68,46286,665],{"class":138},[68,46288,142],{"class":78},[20,46290,46291,46292,46294],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46293,54],{}," actually returned:",[33,46296,46297,46302,46307],{},[36,46298,46299,46301],{},[15,46300,41858],{}," shows the value",[36,46303,46304,46306],{},[15,46305,41864],{}," shows the data type",[36,46308,46309,46311],{},[15,46310,41869],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46313,326],{},[59,46315,46317],{"className":61,"code":46316,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46318,46319,46337,46347,46361],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46320,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46322,652],{"class":106},[68,46324,111],{"class":110},[68,46326,835],{"class":128},[68,46328,79],{"class":78},[68,46330,344],{"class":114},[68,46332,1566],{"class":118},[68,46334,344],{"class":114},[68,46336,85],{"class":78},[68,46338,46339,46341,46343,46345],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46340,129],{"class":128},[68,46342,79],{"class":78},[68,46344,665],{"class":138},[68,46346,85],{"class":78},[68,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46350,129],{"class":128},[68,46352,79],{"class":78},[68,46354,75],{"class":74},[68,46356,79],{"class":78},[68,46358,665],{"class":138},[68,46360,142],{"class":78},[68,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,46364,129],{"class":128},[68,46366,79],{"class":78},[68,46368,1839],{"class":128},[68,46370,79],{"class":78},[68,46372,665],{"class":138},[68,46374,142],{"class":78},[44943,46376],{},[93,46378,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,46380,12736,46382,46384],{"id":46381},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46383,54],{}," return an integer?",[20,46386,1909,46387,46389,46390,39964],{},[15,46388,54],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46391,949],{},[1470,46393,46395,46396,1906],{"id":46394},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46397,54],{},[20,46399,46400,46401,46403],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46402,54],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1470,46405,1919,46407,46410,46411,1906],{"id":46406},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46408,46409],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46412,54],{},[20,46414,1928,46415,46417,46418,42185,46420,46422],{},[15,46416,54],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46419,45731],{},[15,46421,45735],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1470,46424,46426],{"id":46425},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46428,224,46429,46431,46432,236],{},[15,46430,45993],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46433,46434],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44943,46436],{},[93,46438,1952],{"id":1951},[33,46440,46441,46446,46450,46456,46462,46466],{},[36,46442,46443],{},[49,46444,46445],{"href":46215},"How to get user input in Python",[36,46447,46448],{},[49,46449,1975],{"href":962},[36,46451,46452],{},[49,46453,13,46454,1151],{"href":946},[15,46455,949],{},[36,46457,46458],{},[49,46459,13,46460,1151],{"href":952},[15,46461,955],{},[36,46463,46464],{},[49,46465,45940],{"href":45939},[36,46467,46468],{},[49,46469,13,46471,1151],{"href":46470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46472,46473],{},"print()",[1995,46475,46476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":46478},[46479,46480,46482,46483,46485,46491,46499,46500,46501,46510],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":44947,"depth":125,"text":46481},"What input() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":45176,"depth":125,"text":46484},"What input() returns",{"id":45378,"depth":125,"text":45379,"children":46486},[46487,46488,46490],{"id":45382,"depth":145,"text":45383},{"id":45435,"depth":145,"text":46489},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45506,"depth":145,"text":45507},{"id":45740,"depth":125,"text":45741,"children":46492},[46493,46495,46496,46498],{"id":45749,"depth":145,"text":46494},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45816,"depth":145,"text":45817},{"id":45891,"depth":145,"text":46497},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45943,"depth":145,"text":45944},{"id":46035,"depth":125,"text":46036},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":46502},[46503,46505,46507,46509],{"id":46381,"depth":145,"text":46504},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46394,"depth":145,"text":46506},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46406,"depth":145,"text":46508},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46425,"depth":145,"text":46426},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42223,"description":46511},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46518,"title":42126,"body":46519,"description":48830,"extension":2033,"meta":48831,"navigation":148,"path":48832,"seo":48833,"stem":48834,"__hash__":48835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46520,"toc":48782},[46521,46526,46531,46536,46556,46559,46561,46621,46623,46642,46647,46652,46657,46659,46672,46674,46757,46759,46800,46806,46808,46838,46844,46847,46864,46866,46918,46920,46938,46944,46950,46953,46971,46973,47046,47048,47067,47074,47080,47085,47088,47148,47150,47169,47172,47175,47190,47196,47200,47261,47263,47284,47288,47417,47419,47549,47559,47565,47571,47579,47645,47647,47672,47675,47692,47704,47710,47713,47746,47748,47761,47764,47807,47809,47817,47824,47828,47835,47839,47866,47868,47876,47882,47899,47904,47908,47935,47937,47945,47949,47954,47957,47983,47986,47995,48003,48007,48017,48021,48024,48026,48077,48079,48109,48119,48146,48148,48156,48166,48170,48173,48175,48223,48225,48269,48275,48326,48328,48347,48352,48357,48360,48379,48382,48434,48436,48445,48447,48451,48455,48458,48467,48474,48476,48503,48507,48509,48518,48521,48528,48534,48594,48598,48600,48608,48611,48637,48643,48646,48666,48668,48677,48685,48687,48693,48698,48705,48715,48721,48729,48733,48736,48738,48779],[10,46522,13,46524,18],{"id":46523},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46525,949],{},[20,46527,22,46528,46530],{},[15,46529,949],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46532,35436,46533,46535],{},[15,46534,949],{}," when they want to:",[33,46537,46538,46547,46550,46553],{},[36,46539,46540,46541,46544,46545],{},"turn text like ",[15,46542,46543],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46546,387],{},[36,46548,46549],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,46551,46552],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,46554,46555],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46557,46558],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[93,46560,2075],{"id":2074},[59,46562,46564],{"className":61,"code":46563,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46565,46566,46584,46598],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46567,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580,46582],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46569,129],{"class":128},[68,46571,79],{"class":78},[68,46573,217],{"class":74},[68,46575,79],{"class":78},[68,46577,344],{"class":114},[68,46579,387],{"class":118},[68,46581,344],{"class":114},[68,46583,142],{"class":78},[68,46585,46586,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46587,129],{"class":128},[68,46589,79],{"class":78},[68,46591,217],{"class":74},[68,46593,79],{"class":78},[68,46595,42014],{"class":160},[68,46597,142],{"class":78},[68,46599,46600,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46613,46615,46617,46619],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46601,129],{"class":128},[68,46603,79],{"class":78},[68,46605,217],{"class":74},[68,46607,79],{"class":78},[68,46609,344],{"class":114},[68,46611,46612],{"class":118},"101",[68,46614,344],{"class":114},[68,46616,472],{"class":78},[68,46618,475],{"class":160},[68,46620,142],{"class":78},[20,46622,180],{},[59,46624,46626],{"className":61,"code":46625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46627,46628,46633,46638],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46629,46630],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46631,46632],{"class":160},"42\n",[68,46634,46635],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46636,46637],{"class":160},"3\n",[68,46639,46640],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46641,3005],{"class":160},[20,46643,224,46644,46646],{},[15,46645,949],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[93,46648,3722,46650,3725],{"id":46649},"what-int-does",[15,46651,949],{},[20,46653,46654,46656],{},[15,46655,949],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46658,13084],{},[33,46660,46661,46666,46669],{},[36,46662,46663,46664,7377],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46665,217],{},[36,46667,46668],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,46670,46671],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46673,326],{},[59,46675,46677],{"className":61,"code":46676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46678,46679,46691,46705,46709,46719,46729,46743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46680,46681,46683,46685,46687,46689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46682,1345],{"class":106},[68,46684,111],{"class":110},[68,46686,115],{"class":114},[68,46688,902],{"class":118},[68,46690,122],{"class":114},[68,46692,46693,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46694,155],{"class":106},[68,46696,111],{"class":110},[68,46698,875],{"class":74},[68,46700,79],{"class":78},[68,46702,1367],{"class":138},[68,46704,85],{"class":78},[68,46706,46707],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46708,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,46710,46711,46713,46715,46717],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,46712,129],{"class":128},[68,46714,79],{"class":78},[68,46716,1367],{"class":138},[68,46718,85],{"class":78},[68,46720,46721,46723,46725,46727],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,46722,129],{"class":128},[68,46724,79],{"class":78},[68,46726,175],{"class":138},[68,46728,85],{"class":78},[68,46730,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,46732,129],{"class":128},[68,46734,79],{"class":78},[68,46736,75],{"class":74},[68,46738,79],{"class":78},[68,46740,1367],{"class":138},[68,46742,142],{"class":78},[68,46744,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,46746,129],{"class":128},[68,46748,79],{"class":78},[68,46750,75],{"class":74},[68,46752,79],{"class":78},[68,46754,175],{"class":138},[68,46756,142],{"class":78},[20,46758,180],{},[59,46760,46762],{"className":61,"code":46761,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46763,46764,46768,46772,46786],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46765,46766],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46767,2772],{"class":160},[68,46769,46770],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46771,2772],{"class":160},[68,46773,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46784],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46775,190],{"class":110},[68,46777,194],{"class":193},[68,46779,197],{"class":114},[68,46781,200],{"class":118},[68,46783,203],{"class":114},[68,46785,206],{"class":110},[68,46787,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,46789,190],{"class":110},[68,46791,194],{"class":193},[68,46793,197],{"class":114},[68,46795,217],{"class":118},[68,46797,203],{"class":114},[68,46799,206],{"class":110},[20,46801,46802,46803,46805],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46804,949],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[93,46807,303],{"id":302},[59,46809,46811],{"className":61,"code":46810,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46812,46813,46823],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46814,46815,46817,46819,46821],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46816,217],{"class":74},[68,46818,79],{"class":78},[68,46820,2245],{"class":138},[68,46822,85],{"class":78},[68,46824,46825,46827,46829,46831,46833,46836],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46826,217],{"class":74},[68,46828,79],{"class":78},[68,46830,2245],{"class":138},[68,46832,472],{"class":78},[68,46834,46835],{"class":138}," base",[68,46837,85],{"class":78},[1470,46839,46841],{"id":46840},"intx",[15,46842,46843],{},"int(x)",[20,46845,46846],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,46848,46849,46854,46859],{},[36,46850,46851,46852],{},"a string such as ",[15,46853,42156],{},[36,46855,46856,46857],{},"a float such as ",[15,46858,42014],{},[36,46860,46861,46862],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46863,290],{},[20,46865,326],{},[59,46867,46869],{"className":61,"code":46868,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46870,46871,46889,46904],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46872,46873,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46874,129],{"class":128},[68,46876,79],{"class":78},[68,46878,217],{"class":74},[68,46880,79],{"class":78},[68,46882,344],{"class":114},[68,46884,438],{"class":118},[68,46886,344],{"class":114},[68,46888,142],{"class":78},[68,46890,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46902],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46892,129],{"class":128},[68,46894,79],{"class":78},[68,46896,217],{"class":74},[68,46898,79],{"class":78},[68,46900,46901],{"class":160},"8.7",[68,46903,142],{"class":78},[68,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46907,129],{"class":128},[68,46909,79],{"class":78},[68,46911,217],{"class":74},[68,46913,79],{"class":78},[68,46915,290],{"class":526},[68,46917,142],{"class":78},[20,46919,180],{},[59,46921,46923],{"className":61,"code":46922,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46924,46925,46929,46933],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46926,46927],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46928,2442],{"class":160},[68,46930,46931],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,46932,2447],{"class":160},[68,46934,46935],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,46936,46937],{"class":160},"1\n",[1470,46939,46941],{"id":46940},"intx-base",[15,46942,46943],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46945,46946,46947,46949],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46948,2245],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46951,46952],{},"Common bases:",[33,46954,46955,46960,46965],{},[36,46956,46957,46959],{},[15,46958,2129],{}," for binary",[36,46961,46962,46964],{},[15,46963,2411],{}," for octal",[36,46966,46967,46970],{},[15,46968,46969],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46972,326],{},[59,46974,46976],{"className":61,"code":46975,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46977,46978,47000,47023],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,46979,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,46981,129],{"class":128},[68,46983,79],{"class":78},[68,46985,217],{"class":74},[68,46987,79],{"class":78},[68,46989,344],{"class":114},[68,46991,46612],{"class":118},[68,46993,344],{"class":114},[68,46995,472],{"class":78},[68,46997,475],{"class":160},[68,46999,142],{"class":78},[68,47001,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47015,47017,47019,47021],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47003,129],{"class":128},[68,47005,79],{"class":78},[68,47007,217],{"class":74},[68,47009,79],{"class":78},[68,47011,344],{"class":114},[68,47013,47014],{"class":118},"17",[68,47016,344],{"class":114},[68,47018,472],{"class":78},[68,47020,6401],{"class":160},[68,47022,142],{"class":78},[68,47024,47025,47027,47029,47031,47033,47035,47038,47040,47042,47044],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47026,129],{"class":128},[68,47028,79],{"class":78},[68,47030,217],{"class":74},[68,47032,79],{"class":78},[68,47034,344],{"class":114},[68,47036,47037],{"class":118},"1A",[68,47039,344],{"class":114},[68,47041,472],{"class":78},[68,47043,14020],{"class":160},[68,47045,142],{"class":78},[20,47047,180],{},[59,47049,47051],{"className":61,"code":47050,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47052,47053,47057,47062],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47054,47055],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47056,3005],{"class":160},[68,47058,47059],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47060,47061],{"class":160},"15\n",[68,47063,47064],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47065,47066],{"class":160},"26\n",[20,47068,47069,47070,236],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[49,47071,47072,2369],{"href":952},[15,47073,955],{},[93,47075,633,47077,47079],{"id":47076},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47078,949],{}," with strings",[20,47081,47082,47084],{},[15,47083,949],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47086,47087],{},"Examples that work:",[59,47089,47091],{"className":61,"code":47090,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47092,47093,47111,47129],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47094,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47096,129],{"class":128},[68,47098,79],{"class":78},[68,47100,217],{"class":74},[68,47102,79],{"class":78},[68,47104,344],{"class":114},[68,47106,1497],{"class":118},[68,47108,344],{"class":114},[68,47110,142],{"class":78},[68,47112,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47114,129],{"class":128},[68,47116,79],{"class":78},[68,47118,217],{"class":74},[68,47120,79],{"class":78},[68,47122,344],{"class":114},[68,47124,2359],{"class":118},[68,47126,344],{"class":114},[68,47128,142],{"class":78},[68,47130,47131,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141,47144,47146],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47132,129],{"class":128},[68,47134,79],{"class":78},[68,47136,217],{"class":74},[68,47138,79],{"class":78},[68,47140,344],{"class":114},[68,47142,47143],{"class":118},"  42  ",[68,47145,344],{"class":114},[68,47147,142],{"class":78},[20,47149,180],{},[59,47151,47153],{"className":61,"code":47152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47154,47155,47159,47165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47156,47157],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47158,3005],{"class":160},[68,47160,47161,47163],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47162,2094],{"class":110},[68,47164,2292],{"class":160},[68,47166,47167],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47168,46632],{"class":160},[20,47170,47171],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47173,47174],{},"Examples that fail:",[59,47176,47178],{"className":61,"code":47177,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47179,47180,47185],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47181,47182],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47183,47184],{"class":3708},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[68,47186,47187],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47188,47189],{"class":3708},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47191,47192,47193,47195],{},"These raise ",[15,47194,40738],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1470,47197,47199],{"id":47198},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[59,47201,47203],{"className":61,"code":47202,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47204,47205,47223,47242],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47206,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47208,129],{"class":128},[68,47210,79],{"class":78},[68,47212,217],{"class":74},[68,47214,79],{"class":78},[68,47216,344],{"class":114},[68,47218,2192],{"class":118},[68,47220,344],{"class":114},[68,47222,142],{"class":78},[68,47224,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47238,47240],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47226,129],{"class":128},[68,47228,79],{"class":78},[68,47230,217],{"class":74},[68,47232,79],{"class":78},[68,47234,344],{"class":114},[68,47236,47237],{"class":118},"+7",[68,47239,344],{"class":114},[68,47241,142],{"class":78},[68,47243,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47257,47259],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47245,129],{"class":128},[68,47247,79],{"class":78},[68,47249,217],{"class":74},[68,47251,79],{"class":78},[68,47253,344],{"class":114},[68,47255,47256],{"class":118},"-100",[68,47258,344],{"class":114},[68,47260,142],{"class":78},[20,47262,180],{},[59,47264,47266],{"className":61,"code":47265,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47267,47268,47273,47277],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47269,47270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47271,47272],{"class":160},"0\n",[68,47274,47275],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47276,2152],{"class":160},[68,47278,47279,47281],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47280,2094],{"class":110},[68,47282,47283],{"class":160},"100\n",[1470,47285,47287],{"id":47286},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[59,47289,47291],{"className":61,"code":47290,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47292,47293,47331,47335,47347,47354,47369,47384],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47294,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47327,47329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47296,3869],{"class":106},[68,47298,111],{"class":110},[68,47300,725],{"class":78},[68,47302,344],{"class":114},[68,47304,453],{"class":118},[68,47306,344],{"class":114},[68,47308,472],{"class":78},[68,47310,115],{"class":114},[68,47312,47313],{"class":118},"12abc",[68,47315,344],{"class":114},[68,47317,472],{"class":78},[68,47319,6167],{"class":114},[68,47321,472],{"class":78},[68,47323,115],{"class":114},[68,47325,47326],{"class":118},"seven",[68,47328,344],{"class":114},[68,47330,730],{"class":78},[68,47332,47333],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47334,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,47336,47337,47339,47341,47343,47345],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47338,5998],{"class":1098},[68,47340,21619],{"class":106},[68,47342,3927],{"class":1098},[68,47344,3930],{"class":106},[68,47346,1648],{"class":78},[68,47348,47349,47352],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,47350,47351],{"class":1098},"    try",[68,47353,1648],{"class":78},[68,47355,47356,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,47357,47358],{"class":128},"        print",[68,47360,79],{"class":78},[68,47362,217],{"class":74},[68,47364,79],{"class":78},[68,47366,665],{"class":138},[68,47368,142],{"class":78},[68,47370,47371,47374,47376,47379,47382],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,47372,47373],{"class":1098},"    except",[68,47375,41956],{"class":74},[68,47377,47378],{"class":1098}," as",[68,47380,47381],{"class":106}," error",[68,47383,1648],{"class":78},[68,47385,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398,47401,47403,47406,47408,47411,47413,47415],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,47387,47358],{"class":128},[68,47389,79],{"class":78},[68,47391,22329],{"class":193},[68,47393,344],{"class":118},[68,47395,9308],{"class":160},[68,47397,665],{"class":138},[68,47399,47400],{"class":193},"!r",[68,47402,22338],{"class":160},[68,47404,47405],{"class":118}," -> ",[68,47407,9308],{"class":160},[68,47409,47410],{"class":138},"error",[68,47412,22338],{"class":160},[68,47414,344],{"class":118},[68,47416,85],{"class":78},[20,47418,180],{},[59,47420,47422],{"className":61,"code":47421,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47423,47424,47460,47492,47517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47425,47426,47428,47430,47432,47435,47438,47440,47442,47444,47447,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47427,203],{"class":43357},[68,47429,453],{"class":43361},[68,47431,203],{"class":43357},[68,47433,47434],{"class":37400}," ->",[68,47436,47437],{"class":106}," invalid literal ",[68,47439,5998],{"class":1098},[68,47441,875],{"class":74},[68,47443,7403],{"class":78},[68,47445,47446],{"class":1098}," with",[68,47448,47449],{"class":106}," base ",[68,47451,438],{"class":160},[68,47453,503],{"class":78},[68,47455,197],{"class":114},[68,47457,453],{"class":118},[68,47459,29734],{"class":114},[68,47461,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47463,203],{"class":114},[68,47465,47313],{"class":118},[68,47467,203],{"class":114},[68,47469,47434],{"class":37400},[68,47471,47437],{"class":106},[68,47473,5998],{"class":1098},[68,47475,875],{"class":74},[68,47477,7403],{"class":78},[68,47479,47446],{"class":1098},[68,47481,47449],{"class":106},[68,47483,438],{"class":160},[68,47485,503],{"class":78},[68,47487,197],{"class":114},[68,47489,47313],{"class":118},[68,47491,29734],{"class":114},[68,47493,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512,47514],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47495,3819],{"class":114},[68,47497,47434],{"class":37400},[68,47499,47437],{"class":106},[68,47501,5998],{"class":1098},[68,47503,875],{"class":74},[68,47505,7403],{"class":78},[68,47507,47446],{"class":1098},[68,47509,47449],{"class":106},[68,47511,438],{"class":160},[68,47513,503],{"class":78},[68,47515,47516],{"class":114}," ''\n",[68,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,47520,203],{"class":114},[68,47522,47326],{"class":118},[68,47524,203],{"class":114},[68,47526,47434],{"class":37400},[68,47528,47437],{"class":106},[68,47530,5998],{"class":1098},[68,47532,875],{"class":74},[68,47534,7403],{"class":78},[68,47536,47446],{"class":1098},[68,47538,47449],{"class":106},[68,47540,438],{"class":160},[68,47542,503],{"class":78},[68,47544,197],{"class":114},[68,47546,47326],{"class":118},[68,47548,29734],{"class":114},[20,47550,47551,47552,47554,47555,236],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[49,47553,963],{"href":962}," and the ",[49,47556,47557,2369],{"href":51},[15,47558,54],{},[93,47560,633,47562,47564],{"id":47561},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47563,949],{}," with floats",[20,47566,47567,47568,47570],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47569,949],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47572,47573,47574,14086,47576,47578],{},"Important: ",[15,47575,949],{},[1301,47577,1303],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[59,47580,47582],{"className":61,"code":47581,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47583,47584,47598,47613,47629],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47585,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47587,129],{"class":128},[68,47589,79],{"class":78},[68,47591,217],{"class":74},[68,47593,79],{"class":78},[68,47595,42014],{"class":160},[68,47597,142],{"class":78},[68,47599,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47611],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47601,129],{"class":128},[68,47603,79],{"class":78},[68,47605,217],{"class":74},[68,47607,79],{"class":78},[68,47609,47610],{"class":160},"3.1",[68,47612,142],{"class":78},[68,47614,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47616,129],{"class":128},[68,47618,79],{"class":78},[68,47620,217],{"class":74},[68,47622,79],{"class":78},[68,47624,2094],{"class":110},[68,47626,42014],{"class":160},[68,47628,142],{"class":78},[68,47630,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,47632,129],{"class":128},[68,47634,79],{"class":78},[68,47636,217],{"class":74},[68,47638,79],{"class":78},[68,47640,2094],{"class":110},[68,47642,47610],{"class":160},[68,47644,142],{"class":78},[20,47646,180],{},[59,47648,47650],{"className":61,"code":47649,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47651,47652,47656,47660,47666],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47653,47654],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47655,46637],{"class":160},[68,47657,47658],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47659,46637],{"class":160},[68,47661,47662,47664],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47663,2094],{"class":110},[68,47665,46637],{"class":160},[68,47667,47668,47670],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,47669,2094],{"class":110},[68,47671,46637],{"class":160},[20,47673,47674],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,47676,47677,47684],{},[36,47678,47679,42185,47682],{},[15,47680,47681],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47683,2135],{},[36,47685,47686,42185,47689],{},[15,47687,47688],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47690,47691],{},"-3",[20,47693,47694,47695,47699,47700,236],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[49,47696,47697],{"href":952},[15,47698,955],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[49,47701,47702],{"href":1444},[15,47703,1447],{},[93,47705,633,47707,47709],{"id":47706},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47708,949],{}," with booleans",[20,47711,47712],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[59,47714,47716],{"className":61,"code":47715,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47717,47718,47732],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47719,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47721,129],{"class":128},[68,47723,79],{"class":78},[68,47725,217],{"class":74},[68,47727,79],{"class":78},[68,47729,290],{"class":526},[68,47731,142],{"class":78},[68,47733,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47735,129],{"class":128},[68,47737,79],{"class":78},[68,47739,217],{"class":74},[68,47741,79],{"class":78},[68,47743,293],{"class":526},[68,47745,142],{"class":78},[20,47747,180],{},[59,47749,47751],{"className":61,"code":47750,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1\n0\n",[15,47752,47753,47757],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47754,47755],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47756,46937],{"class":160},[68,47758,47759],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47760,47272],{"class":160},[20,47762,47763],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[59,47765,47767],{"className":61,"code":47766,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47768,47769,47778,47793,47797],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47770,47771,47774,47776],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47772,47773],{"class":106},"passed ",[68,47775,111],{"class":110},[68,47777,6462],{"class":526},[68,47779,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788,47791],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,47781,41214],{"class":106},[68,47783,111],{"class":110},[68,47785,875],{"class":74},[68,47787,79],{"class":78},[68,47789,47790],{"class":138},"passed",[68,47792,85],{"class":78},[68,47794,47795],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,47796,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,47798,47799,47801,47803,47805],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,47800,129],{"class":128},[68,47802,79],{"class":78},[68,47804,41243],{"class":138},[68,47806,85],{"class":78},[20,47808,180],{},[59,47810,47811],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,47812,47813],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47814,47815],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47816,46937],{"class":160},[20,47818,47819,47820,236],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[49,47821,47822,2369],{"href":5820},[15,47823,3859],{},[93,47825,47827],{"id":47826},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47829,47830,47831,47834],{},"Use the ",[15,47832,47833],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1470,47836,47838],{"id":47837},"binary-example","Binary example",[59,47840,47842],{"className":61,"code":47841,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47843,47844],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47845,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856,47858,47860,47862,47864],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47847,129],{"class":128},[68,47849,79],{"class":78},[68,47851,217],{"class":74},[68,47853,79],{"class":78},[68,47855,344],{"class":114},[68,47857,46612],{"class":118},[68,47859,344],{"class":114},[68,47861,472],{"class":78},[68,47863,475],{"class":160},[68,47865,142],{"class":78},[20,47867,180],{},[59,47869,47870],{"className":61,"code":3005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,47871,47872],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47873,47874],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47875,3005],{"class":160},[20,47877,47878,47881],{},[15,47879,47880],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,47883,47884,47889,47894],{},[36,47885,47886],{},[15,47887,47888],{},"1 × 4",[36,47890,47891],{},[15,47892,47893],{},"0 × 2",[36,47895,47896],{},[15,47897,47898],{},"1 × 1",[20,47900,47901,47902,236],{},"So the result is ",[15,47903,1497],{},[1470,47905,47907],{"id":47906},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[59,47909,47911],{"className":61,"code":47910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47912,47913],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47914,47915,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47916,129],{"class":128},[68,47918,79],{"class":78},[68,47920,217],{"class":74},[68,47922,79],{"class":78},[68,47924,344],{"class":114},[68,47926,47037],{"class":118},[68,47928,344],{"class":114},[68,47930,472],{"class":78},[68,47932,14020],{"class":160},[68,47934,142],{"class":78},[20,47936,180],{},[59,47938,47939],{"className":61,"code":47066,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,47940,47941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47942,47943],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47944,47066],{"class":160},[1470,47946,47948],{"id":47947},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47950,2050,47951,47953],{},[15,47952,47833],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47955,47956],{},"Good:",[59,47958,47959],{"className":61,"code":47841,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,47960,47961],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47962,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47964,129],{"class":128},[68,47966,79],{"class":78},[68,47968,217],{"class":74},[68,47970,79],{"class":78},[68,47972,344],{"class":114},[68,47974,46612],{"class":118},[68,47976,344],{"class":114},[68,47978,472],{"class":78},[68,47980,475],{"class":160},[68,47982,142],{"class":78},[20,47984,47985],{},"Not correct:",[59,47987,47989],{"className":61,"code":47988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47990,47991],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,47992,47993],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,47994,47988],{"class":3708},[20,47996,47997,47998,8635,48000,48002],{},"That causes a ",[15,47999,3060],{},[15,48001,47833],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[93,48004,48006],{"id":48005},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48008,48009,48010,48012,48013,232,48015,236],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48011,949],{}," are ",[15,48014,40738],{},[15,48016,3060],{},[1470,48018,48019],{"id":41545},[15,48020,40738],{},[20,48022,48023],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48025,326],{},[59,48027,48029],{"className":61,"code":48028,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48030,48031,48037,48055,48067],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48032,48033,48035],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48034,29838],{"class":1098},[68,48036,1648],{"class":78},[68,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48040,1118],{"class":128},[68,48042,79],{"class":78},[68,48044,217],{"class":74},[68,48046,79],{"class":78},[68,48048,344],{"class":114},[68,48050,453],{"class":118},[68,48052,344],{"class":114},[68,48054,142],{"class":78},[68,48056,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48058,29869],{"class":1098},[68,48060,41956],{"class":74},[68,48062,47378],{"class":1098},[68,48064,47381],{"class":106},[68,48066,1648],{"class":78},[68,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48070,1118],{"class":128},[68,48072,79],{"class":78},[68,48074,47410],{"class":138},[68,48076,85],{"class":78},[20,48078,180],{},[59,48080,48082],{"className":61,"code":48081,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48083,48084],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48085,48086,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48087,48088],{"class":106},"invalid literal ",[68,48090,5998],{"class":1098},[68,48092,875],{"class":74},[68,48094,7403],{"class":78},[68,48096,47446],{"class":1098},[68,48098,47449],{"class":106},[68,48100,438],{"class":160},[68,48102,503],{"class":78},[68,48104,197],{"class":114},[68,48106,453],{"class":118},[68,48108,29734],{"class":114},[20,48110,48111,48112,48115,48116,48118],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48113,48114],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48117,949],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[59,48120,48122],{"className":61,"code":48121,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48123,48124],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48125,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48127,129],{"class":128},[68,48129,79],{"class":78},[68,48131,217],{"class":74},[68,48133,79],{"class":78},[68,48135,268],{"class":74},[68,48137,79],{"class":78},[68,48139,344],{"class":114},[68,48141,453],{"class":118},[68,48143,344],{"class":114},[68,48145,2970],{"class":78},[20,48147,180],{},[59,48149,48150],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,48151,48152],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48153,48154],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48155,46637],{"class":160},[20,48157,48158,48159,232,48162,236],{},"If you see this often, read ",[49,48160,48161],{"href":3019},"how to convert string to int in Python",[49,48163,25713,48164],{"href":45939},[15,48165,45940],{},[1470,48167,48168],{"id":41611},[15,48169,3060],{},[20,48171,48172],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48174,326],{},[59,48176,48178],{"className":61,"code":48177,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48179,48180,48186,48200,48213],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48181,48182,48184],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48183,29838],{"class":1098},[68,48185,1648],{"class":78},[68,48187,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48189,1118],{"class":128},[68,48191,79],{"class":78},[68,48193,217],{"class":74},[68,48195,79],{"class":78},[68,48197,3824],{"class":526},[68,48199,142],{"class":78},[68,48201,48202,48204,48207,48209,48211],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48203,29869],{"class":1098},[68,48205,48206],{"class":74}," TypeError",[68,48208,47378],{"class":1098},[68,48210,47381],{"class":106},[68,48212,1648],{"class":78},[68,48214,48215,48217,48219,48221],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48216,1118],{"class":128},[68,48218,79],{"class":78},[68,48220,47410],{"class":138},[68,48222,85],{"class":78},[20,48224,180],{},[59,48226,48228],{"className":61,"code":48227,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48229,48230],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48231,48232,48234,48236,48239,48241,48243,48246,48248,48251,48253,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48267],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48233,217],{"class":74},[68,48235,7403],{"class":78},[68,48237,48238],{"class":106}," argument must be a string",[68,48240,472],{"class":78},[68,48242,44574],{"class":106},[68,48244,48245],{"class":74},"bytes",[68,48247,2094],{"class":110},[68,48249,48250],{"class":106},"like ",[68,48252,82],{"class":74},[68,48254,48255],{"class":110}," or",[68,48257,40874],{"class":106},[68,48259,472],{"class":78},[68,48261,8136],{"class":110},[68,48263,197],{"class":114},[68,48265,48266],{"class":118},"NoneType",[68,48268,29734],{"class":114},[20,48270,48271,48272,48274],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48273,47833],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[59,48276,48278],{"className":61,"code":48277,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48279,48280,48286,48304,48316],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48281,48282,48284],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48283,29838],{"class":1098},[68,48285,1648],{"class":78},[68,48287,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48289,1118],{"class":128},[68,48291,79],{"class":78},[68,48293,217],{"class":74},[68,48295,79],{"class":78},[68,48297,46612],{"class":160},[68,48299,472],{"class":78},[68,48301,475],{"class":160},[68,48303,142],{"class":78},[68,48305,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48307,29869],{"class":1098},[68,48309,48206],{"class":74},[68,48311,47378],{"class":1098},[68,48313,47381],{"class":106},[68,48315,1648],{"class":78},[68,48317,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48319,1118],{"class":128},[68,48321,79],{"class":78},[68,48323,47410],{"class":138},[68,48325,85],{"class":78},[20,48327,180],{},[59,48329,48331],{"className":61,"code":48330,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48332,48333],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48334,48335,48337,48339,48342,48344],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48336,217],{"class":74},[68,48338,7403],{"class":78},[68,48340,48341],{"class":106}," can",[68,48343,203],{"class":114},[68,48345,48346],{"class":118},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[93,48348,1311,48350],{"id":48349},"when-to-use-int",[15,48351,949],{},[20,48353,224,48354,48356],{},[15,48355,949],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48358,48359],{},"Common uses:",[33,48361,48362,48368,48371,48374],{},[36,48363,48364,48365,48367],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48366,54],{}," into integers",[36,48369,48370],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,48372,48373],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,48375,48376,48377,36648],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48378,47833],{},[20,48380,48381],{},"Example with user input:",[59,48383,48385],{"className":61,"code":48384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48386,48387,48401,48416,48420],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48388,48389,48392,48394,48396,48399],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48390,48391],{"class":106},"age_text ",[68,48393,111],{"class":110},[68,48395,115],{"class":114},[68,48397,48398],{"class":118},"18",[68,48400,122],{"class":114},[68,48402,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411,48414],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48404,21663],{"class":106},[68,48406,111],{"class":110},[68,48408,875],{"class":74},[68,48410,79],{"class":78},[68,48412,48413],{"class":138},"age_text",[68,48415,85],{"class":78},[68,48417,48418],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48419,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,48421,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48423,129],{"class":128},[68,48425,79],{"class":78},[68,48427,21663],{"class":138},[68,48429,2132],{"class":110},[68,48431,5539],{"class":160},[68,48433,85],{"class":78},[20,48435,180],{},[59,48437,48439],{"className":61,"code":48438,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"19\n",[15,48440,48441],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48442,48443],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48444,48438],{"class":160},[93,48446,1750],{"id":1749},[20,48448,1753,48449,236],{},[15,48450,949],{},[1470,48452,48454],{"id":48453},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48456,48457],{},"This fails:",[59,48459,48461],{"className":61,"code":48460,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48462,48463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48464,48465],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48466,48460],{"class":3708},[20,48468,48469,48470,48473],{},"Why: ",[15,48471,48472],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48475,18874],{},[59,48477,48479],{"className":61,"code":48478,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48480,48481],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48482,48483,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48484,129],{"class":128},[68,48486,79],{"class":78},[68,48488,217],{"class":74},[68,48490,79],{"class":78},[68,48492,268],{"class":74},[68,48494,79],{"class":78},[68,48496,344],{"class":114},[68,48498,41156],{"class":118},[68,48500,344],{"class":114},[68,48502,2970],{"class":78},[1470,48504,48506],{"id":48505},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48508,48457],{},[59,48510,48512],{"className":61,"code":48511,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48513,48514],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48515,48516],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48517,48511],{"class":3708},[20,48519,48520],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1470,48522,48524,48525],{"id":48523},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48526,48527],{},"int(None)",[20,48529,48530,48531,48533],{},"This fails because ",[15,48532,3824],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[59,48535,48537],{"className":61,"code":48536,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48538,48539,48548,48552,48558,48572,48584],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48540,48541,48543,48545],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48542,652],{"class":106},[68,48544,111],{"class":110},[68,48546,48547],{"class":526}," None\n",[68,48549,48550],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48551,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,48553,48554,48556],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48555,29838],{"class":1098},[68,48557,1648],{"class":78},[68,48559,48560,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48561,1118],{"class":128},[68,48563,79],{"class":78},[68,48565,217],{"class":74},[68,48567,79],{"class":78},[68,48569,665],{"class":138},[68,48571,142],{"class":78},[68,48573,48574,48576,48578,48580,48582],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,48575,29869],{"class":1098},[68,48577,48206],{"class":74},[68,48579,47378],{"class":1098},[68,48581,47381],{"class":106},[68,48583,1648],{"class":78},[68,48585,48586,48588,48590,48592],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,48587,1118],{"class":128},[68,48589,79],{"class":78},[68,48591,47410],{"class":138},[68,48593,85],{"class":78},[1470,48595,48597],{"id":48596},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48599,48457],{},[59,48601,48602],{"className":61,"code":47988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,48603,48604],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48605,48606],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48607,47988],{"class":3708},[20,48609,48610],{},"Use a string instead:",[59,48612,48613],{"className":61,"code":47841,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,48614,48615],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48616,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633,48635],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48618,129],{"class":128},[68,48620,79],{"class":78},[68,48622,217],{"class":74},[68,48624,79],{"class":78},[68,48626,344],{"class":114},[68,48628,46612],{"class":118},[68,48630,344],{"class":114},[68,48632,472],{"class":78},[68,48634,475],{"class":160},[68,48636,142],{"class":78},[1470,48638,1770,48640,48642],{"id":48639},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48641,949],{}," to round",[20,48644,48645],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[59,48647,48649],{"className":61,"code":48648,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48650,48651],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48652,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48664],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48654,129],{"class":128},[68,48656,79],{"class":78},[68,48658,217],{"class":74},[68,48660,79],{"class":78},[68,48662,48663],{"class":160},"4.9",[68,48665,142],{"class":78},[20,48667,180],{},[59,48669,48671],{"className":61,"code":48670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"4\n",[15,48672,48673],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48674,48675],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48676,48670],{"class":160},[20,48678,3225,48679,48681,48682,48684],{},[15,48680,1497],{},", remember that ",[15,48683,949],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[93,48686,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,48688,12736,48690,48692],{"id":48689},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48691,949],{}," round numbers?",[20,48694,1909,48695,48697],{},[15,48696,949],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1470,48699,1919,48701,48704],{"id":48700},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48702,48703],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48706,1928,48707,48709,48710,48712,48713,39964],{},[15,48708,48114],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48711,955],{}," first, then use ",[15,48714,949],{},[1470,48716,1878,48718,12748],{"id":48717},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48719,48720],{},"int(True)",[20,48722,5191,48723,28348,48725,42185,48727,236],{},[15,48724,469],{},[15,48726,293],{},[15,48728,2192],{},[1470,48730,48732],{"id":48731},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48734,48735],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[93,48737,1952],{"id":1951},[33,48739,48740,48746,48752,48758,48763,48767,48773],{},[36,48741,48742],{},[49,48743,48744,1151],{"href":952},[15,48745,955],{},[36,48747,48748],{},[49,48749,48750,1151],{"href":1444},[15,48751,1447],{},[36,48753,48754],{},[49,48755,48756,1151],{"href":5820},[15,48757,3859],{},[36,48759,48760],{},[49,48761,48762],{"href":3019},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,48764,48765],{},[49,48766,1975],{"href":962},[36,48768,48769],{},[49,48770,48771,1151],{"href":51},[15,48772,54],{},[36,48774,48775],{},[49,48776,30382,48777],{"href":45939},[15,48778,45940],{},[1995,48780,48781],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":48783},[48784,48785,48787,48791,48796,48798,48800,48805,48809,48811,48820,48829],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":46649,"depth":125,"text":48786},"What int() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":48788},[48789,48790],{"id":46840,"depth":145,"text":46843},{"id":46940,"depth":145,"text":46943},{"id":47076,"depth":125,"text":48792,"children":48793},"Using int() with strings",[48794,48795],{"id":47198,"depth":145,"text":47199},{"id":47286,"depth":145,"text":47287},{"id":47561,"depth":125,"text":48797},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47706,"depth":125,"text":48799},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47826,"depth":125,"text":47827,"children":48801},[48802,48803,48804],{"id":47837,"depth":145,"text":47838},{"id":47906,"depth":145,"text":47907},{"id":47947,"depth":145,"text":47948},{"id":48005,"depth":125,"text":48006,"children":48806},[48807,48808],{"id":41545,"depth":145,"text":40738},{"id":41611,"depth":145,"text":3060},{"id":48349,"depth":125,"text":48810},"When to use int()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":48812},[48813,48814,48815,48817,48818],{"id":48453,"depth":145,"text":48454},{"id":48505,"depth":145,"text":48506},{"id":48523,"depth":145,"text":48816},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48596,"depth":145,"text":48597},{"id":48639,"depth":145,"text":48819},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":48821},[48822,48824,48826,48828],{"id":48689,"depth":145,"text":48823},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48700,"depth":145,"text":48825},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48717,"depth":145,"text":48827},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48731,"depth":145,"text":48732},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42126,"description":48830},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48837,"title":48838,"body":48839,"description":50669,"extension":2033,"meta":50670,"navigation":148,"path":44830,"seo":50671,"stem":50672,"__hash__":50673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48840,"toc":50625},[48841,48846,48851,48859,48868,48870,48927,48933,48938,48943,48946,48974,48977,48980,48991,49000,49002,49004,49024,49028,49056,49058,49097,49099,49107,49109,49112,49116,49169,49171,49183,49187,49244,49246,49258,49264,49270,49274,49277,49280,49346,49348,49360,49366,49368,49419,49422,49463,49466,49473,49482,49488,49491,49524,49530,49533,49564,49570,49573,49585,49589,49594,49598,49755,49757,49772,49775,49779,49883,49885,49902,49906,49967,49969,49977,49980,49984,50051,50053,50062,50068,50070,50079,50081,50116,50121,50123,50153,50157,50159,50196,50199,50201,50238,50244,50246,50295,50297,50305,50315,50321,50325,50330,50379,50381,50394,50397,50399,50402,50477,50480,50499,50502,50532,50542,50544,50549,50556,50562,50568,50575,50583,50589,50592,50594,50622],[10,48842,13,48844,18],{"id":48843},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48845,972],{},[20,48847,48848,48850],{},[15,48849,972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48852,48853,48854,384,48856,48858],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48855,290],{},[15,48857,293],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48860,48861,48862,48864,48865,48867],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48863,972],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48866,17],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[93,48869,96],{"id":95},[59,48871,48873],{"className":61,"code":48872,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48874,48875,48883,48887,48907],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,48876,48877,48879,48881],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,48878,652],{"class":106},[68,48880,111],{"class":110},[68,48882,161],{"class":160},[68,48884,48885],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,48886,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,48888,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903,48905],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,48890,129],{"class":128},[68,48892,79],{"class":78},[68,48894,1034],{"class":128},[68,48896,79],{"class":78},[68,48898,665],{"class":138},[68,48900,472],{"class":78},[68,48902,875],{"class":74},[68,48904,1636],{"class":78},[68,48906,43884],{"class":3708},[68,48908,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921,48923,48925],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,48910,129],{"class":128},[68,48912,79],{"class":78},[68,48914,1034],{"class":128},[68,48916,79],{"class":78},[68,48918,665],{"class":138},[68,48920,472],{"class":78},[68,48922,1625],{"class":74},[68,48924,1636],{"class":78},[68,48926,43901],{"class":3708},[20,48928,224,48929,48932],{},[15,48930,48931],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[93,48934,3722,48936,3725],{"id":48935},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48937,972],{},[20,48939,48940,48942],{},[15,48941,972],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48944,48945],{},"It:",[33,48947,48948,48951,48957,48960],{},[36,48949,48950],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,48952,11454,48953,384,48955],{},[15,48954,290],{},[15,48956,293],{},[36,48958,48959],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,48961,48962,48963,1448,48965,1448,48967,1448,48969,1453,48972],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48964,200],{},[15,48966,217],{},[15,48968,274],{},[15,48970,48971],{},"tuple",[15,48973,280],{},[20,48975,48976],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48978,48979],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,48981,48982,48985,48988],{},[36,48983,48984],{},"loop through a list",[36,48986,48987],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,48989,48990],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48992,48993,48994,384,48996,236],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[49,48995,629],{"href":628},[49,48997,48999],{"href":48998},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[93,49001,303],{"id":302},[20,49003,2231],{},[59,49005,49007],{"className":61,"code":49006,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49008,49009],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49010,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49022],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49012,1034],{"class":128},[68,49014,79],{"class":78},[68,49016,82],{"class":74},[68,49018,472],{"class":78},[68,49020,49021],{"class":138}," classinfo",[68,49023,85],{"class":78},[1470,49025,49027],{"id":49026},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,49029,49030,49035,49049],{},[36,49031,49032,49034],{},[15,49033,82],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,49036,49037,49040,49041,1448,49043,1448,49045,1891,49047],{},[15,49038,49039],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49042,217],{},[15,49044,200],{},[15,49046,274],{},[15,49048,280],{},[36,49050,49051,49052,384,49054],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49053,290],{},[15,49055,293],{},[20,49057,326],{},[59,49059,49061],{"className":61,"code":49060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49062,49063,49075,49079],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49064,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49066,107],{"class":106},[68,49068,111],{"class":110},[68,49070,115],{"class":114},[68,49072,11540],{"class":118},[68,49074,122],{"class":114},[68,49076,49077],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49078,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49080,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49082,129],{"class":128},[68,49084,79],{"class":78},[68,49086,1034],{"class":128},[68,49088,79],{"class":78},[68,49090,139],{"class":138},[68,49092,472],{"class":78},[68,49094,1625],{"class":74},[68,49096,142],{"class":78},[20,49098,180],{},[59,49100,49101],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,49102,49103],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49104,49105],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49106,1070],{"class":526},[93,49108,11506],{"id":11505},[20,49110,49111],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1470,49113,49115],{"id":49114},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[59,49117,49119],{"className":61,"code":49118,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49120,49121,49129,49133,49151],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49122,49123,49125,49127],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49124,652],{"class":106},[68,49126,111],{"class":110},[68,49128,45252],{"class":160},[68,49130,49131],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49132,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49134,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49136,129],{"class":128},[68,49138,79],{"class":78},[68,49140,1034],{"class":128},[68,49142,79],{"class":78},[68,49144,665],{"class":138},[68,49146,472],{"class":78},[68,49148,875],{"class":74},[68,49150,142],{"class":78},[68,49152,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49154,129],{"class":128},[68,49156,79],{"class":78},[68,49158,1034],{"class":128},[68,49160,79],{"class":78},[68,49162,665],{"class":138},[68,49164,472],{"class":78},[68,49166,1625],{"class":74},[68,49168,142],{"class":78},[20,49170,180],{},[59,49172,49173],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,49174,49175,49179],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49176,49177],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49178,1070],{"class":526},[68,49180,49181],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49182,4084],{"class":526},[1470,49184,49186],{"id":49185},"check-text","Check text",[59,49188,49190],{"className":61,"code":49189,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49191,49192,49204,49208,49226],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49193,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49195,1345],{"class":106},[68,49197,111],{"class":110},[68,49199,115],{"class":114},[68,49201,347],{"class":118},[68,49203,122],{"class":114},[68,49205,49206],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49207,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49209,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49211,129],{"class":128},[68,49213,79],{"class":78},[68,49215,1034],{"class":128},[68,49217,79],{"class":78},[68,49219,1367],{"class":138},[68,49221,472],{"class":78},[68,49223,1625],{"class":74},[68,49225,142],{"class":78},[68,49227,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49229,129],{"class":128},[68,49231,79],{"class":78},[68,49233,1034],{"class":128},[68,49235,79],{"class":78},[68,49237,1367],{"class":138},[68,49239,472],{"class":78},[68,49241,875],{"class":74},[68,49243,142],{"class":78},[20,49245,180],{},[59,49247,49248],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,49249,49250,49254],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49251,49252],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49253,1070],{"class":526},[68,49255,49256],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49257,4084],{"class":526},[20,49259,49260,49261,49263],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49262,972],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49265,49266,49267,236],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[49,49268,49269],{"href":3019},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[93,49271,49273],{"id":49272},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49275,49276],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49278,49279],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[59,49281,49283],{"className":61,"code":49282,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49284,49285,49294,49298,49322],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49286,49287,49289,49291],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49288,652],{"class":106},[68,49290,111],{"class":110},[68,49292,49293],{"class":160}," 3.5\n",[68,49295,49296],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49297,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49299,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49301,129],{"class":128},[68,49303,79],{"class":78},[68,49305,1034],{"class":128},[68,49307,79],{"class":78},[68,49309,665],{"class":138},[68,49311,472],{"class":78},[68,49313,9266],{"class":78},[68,49315,217],{"class":74},[68,49317,472],{"class":78},[68,49319,40289],{"class":74},[68,49321,2970],{"class":78},[68,49323,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49325,129],{"class":128},[68,49327,79],{"class":78},[68,49329,1034],{"class":128},[68,49331,79],{"class":78},[68,49333,665],{"class":138},[68,49335,472],{"class":78},[68,49337,9266],{"class":78},[68,49339,200],{"class":74},[68,49341,472],{"class":78},[68,49343,22595],{"class":74},[68,49345,2970],{"class":78},[20,49347,180],{},[59,49349,49350],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,49351,49352,49356],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49353,49354],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49355,1070],{"class":526},[68,49357,49358],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49359,4084],{"class":526},[20,49361,49362,49363,49365],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49364,40871],{}," conditions.",[20,49367,8333],{},[59,49369,49371],{"className":61,"code":49370,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49372,49373,49381,49385],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49374,49375,49377,49379],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49376,652],{"class":106},[68,49378,111],{"class":110},[68,49380,49293],{"class":160},[68,49382,49383],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49384,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49386,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49388,129],{"class":128},[68,49390,79],{"class":78},[68,49392,75],{"class":74},[68,49394,79],{"class":78},[68,49396,665],{"class":138},[68,49398,1701],{"class":78},[68,49400,1639],{"class":110},[68,49402,875],{"class":74},[68,49404,48255],{"class":1098},[68,49406,670],{"class":74},[68,49408,79],{"class":78},[68,49410,665],{"class":138},[68,49412,1701],{"class":78},[68,49414,1639],{"class":110},[68,49416,40289],{"class":74},[68,49418,85],{"class":78},[20,49420,49421],{},"you can write this:",[59,49423,49425],{"className":61,"code":49424,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49426,49427,49435,49439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49428,49429,49431,49433],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49430,652],{"class":106},[68,49432,111],{"class":110},[68,49434,49293],{"class":160},[68,49436,49437],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49438,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49440,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49442,129],{"class":128},[68,49444,79],{"class":78},[68,49446,1034],{"class":128},[68,49448,79],{"class":78},[68,49450,665],{"class":138},[68,49452,472],{"class":78},[68,49454,9266],{"class":78},[68,49456,217],{"class":74},[68,49458,472],{"class":78},[68,49460,40289],{"class":74},[68,49462,2970],{"class":78},[20,49464,49465],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[93,49467,49469,969,49471],{"id":49468},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49470,972],{},[15,49472,17],{},[20,49474,10619,49475,232,49477,49481],{},[15,49476,972],{},[49,49478,49479],{"href":2366},[15,49480,17],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1470,49483,49485],{"id":49484},"typevalue-int",[15,49486,49487],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49489,49490],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[59,49492,49494],{"className":61,"code":49493,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49495,49496,49504],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49497,49498,49500,49502],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49499,652],{"class":106},[68,49501,111],{"class":110},[68,49503,161],{"class":160},[68,49505,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49507,129],{"class":128},[68,49509,79],{"class":78},[68,49511,75],{"class":74},[68,49513,79],{"class":78},[68,49515,665],{"class":138},[68,49517,1701],{"class":78},[68,49519,1639],{"class":110},[68,49521,875],{"class":74},[68,49523,85],{"class":78},[1470,49525,49527],{"id":49526},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49528,49529],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49531,49532],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[59,49534,49536],{"className":61,"code":49535,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49537,49538,49546],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49539,49540,49542,49544],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49541,652],{"class":106},[68,49543,111],{"class":110},[68,49545,161],{"class":160},[68,49547,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49549,129],{"class":128},[68,49551,79],{"class":78},[68,49553,1034],{"class":128},[68,49555,79],{"class":78},[68,49557,665],{"class":138},[68,49559,472],{"class":78},[68,49561,875],{"class":74},[68,49563,142],{"class":78},[20,49565,49566,49567,49569],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49568,972],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49571,49572],{},"In everyday code:",[33,49574,49575,49580],{},[36,49576,40025,49577,49579],{},[15,49578,17],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,49581,40025,49582,49584],{},[15,49583,972],{}," when you want a practical type check",[93,49586,49588],{"id":49587},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49590,49591,49592,236],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49593,972],{},[1470,49595,49597],{"id":49596},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[59,49599,49601],{"className":61,"code":49600,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49602,49603,49621,49639,49651,49656,49674,49685,49689,49701,49705,49729],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49604,49605,49607,49610,49612,49614,49616,49619],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49606,34881],{"class":193},[68,49608,49609],{"class":34884}," repeat_text",[68,49611,79],{"class":78},[68,49613,1367],{"class":37696},[68,49615,472],{"class":78},[68,49617,49618],{"class":37696}," count",[68,49620,1113],{"class":78},[68,49622,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49624,6439],{"class":1098},[68,49626,8136],{"class":110},[68,49628,1102],{"class":128},[68,49630,79],{"class":78},[68,49632,1367],{"class":138},[68,49634,472],{"class":78},[68,49636,1625],{"class":74},[68,49638,1113],{"class":78},[68,49640,49641,49644,49646,49649],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49642,49643],{"class":1098},"        return",[68,49645,115],{"class":114},[68,49647,49648],{"class":118},"text must be a string",[68,49650,122],{"class":114},[68,49652,49653],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49654,49655],{"class":106},"    \n",[68,49657,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,49659,6439],{"class":1098},[68,49661,8136],{"class":110},[68,49663,1102],{"class":128},[68,49665,79],{"class":78},[68,49667,41291],{"class":138},[68,49669,472],{"class":78},[68,49671,875],{"class":74},[68,49673,1113],{"class":78},[68,49675,49676,49678,49680,49683],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,49677,49643],{"class":1098},[68,49679,115],{"class":114},[68,49681,49682],{"class":118},"count must be an integer",[68,49684,122],{"class":114},[68,49686,49687],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,49688,49655],{"class":106},[68,49690,49691,49693,49696,49698],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,49692,34892],{"class":1098},[68,49694,49695],{"class":106}," text ",[68,49697,39907],{"class":110},[68,49699,49700],{"class":106}," count\n",[68,49702,49703],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,49704,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49706,49707,49709,49711,49714,49716,49718,49721,49723,49725,49727],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,49708,129],{"class":128},[68,49710,79],{"class":78},[68,49712,49713],{"class":138},"repeat_text",[68,49715,79],{"class":78},[68,49717,344],{"class":114},[68,49719,49720],{"class":118},"Hi ",[68,49722,344],{"class":114},[68,49724,472],{"class":78},[68,49726,480],{"class":160},[68,49728,142],{"class":78},[68,49730,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753],{"class":70,"line":11626},[68,49732,129],{"class":128},[68,49734,79],{"class":78},[68,49736,49713],{"class":138},[68,49738,79],{"class":78},[68,49740,344],{"class":114},[68,49742,49720],{"class":118},[68,49744,344],{"class":114},[68,49746,472],{"class":78},[68,49748,115],{"class":114},[68,49750,2135],{"class":118},[68,49752,344],{"class":114},[68,49754,142],{"class":78},[20,49756,180],{},[59,49758,49760],{"className":61,"code":49759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49761,49762,49767],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49763,49764],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49765,49766],{"class":106},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[68,49768,49769],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49770,49771],{"class":106},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49773,49774],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1470,49776,49778],{"id":49777},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[59,49780,49782],{"className":61,"code":49781,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49783,49784,49816,49820,49836,49851,49868],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49785,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49787,652],{"class":106},[68,49789,111],{"class":110},[68,49791,725],{"class":78},[68,49793,344],{"class":114},[68,49795,49],{"class":118},[68,49797,344],{"class":114},[68,49799,472],{"class":78},[68,49801,115],{"class":114},[68,49803,4806],{"class":118},[68,49805,344],{"class":114},[68,49807,472],{"class":78},[68,49809,115],{"class":114},[68,49811,9769],{"class":118},[68,49813,344],{"class":114},[68,49815,730],{"class":78},[68,49817,49818],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49819,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49821,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49823,1099],{"class":1098},[68,49825,1102],{"class":128},[68,49827,79],{"class":78},[68,49829,665],{"class":138},[68,49831,472],{"class":78},[68,49833,1625],{"class":74},[68,49835,1113],{"class":78},[68,49837,49838,49840,49842,49844,49847,49849],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49839,1118],{"class":128},[68,49841,79],{"class":78},[68,49843,344],{"class":114},[68,49845,49846],{"class":118},"This is text",[68,49848,344],{"class":114},[68,49850,85],{"class":78},[68,49852,49853,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,49854,49855],{"class":1098},"elif",[68,49857,1102],{"class":128},[68,49859,79],{"class":78},[68,49861,665],{"class":138},[68,49863,472],{"class":78},[68,49865,22595],{"class":74},[68,49867,1113],{"class":78},[68,49869,49870,49872,49874,49876,49879,49881],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,49871,1118],{"class":128},[68,49873,79],{"class":78},[68,49875,344],{"class":114},[68,49877,49878],{"class":118},"This is a list",[68,49880,344],{"class":114},[68,49882,85],{"class":78},[20,49884,180],{},[59,49886,49888],{"className":61,"code":49887,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"This is a list\n",[15,49889,49890],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49891,49892,49895,49897,49899],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49893,49894],{"class":106},"This ",[68,49896,12226],{"class":110},[68,49898,44574],{"class":106},[68,49900,49901],{"class":74},"list\n",[1470,49903,49905],{"id":49904},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[59,49907,49909],{"className":61,"code":49908,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49910,49911,49923,49927,49943,49957],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49912,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49914,652],{"class":106},[68,49916,111],{"class":110},[68,49918,115],{"class":114},[68,49920,387],{"class":118},[68,49922,122],{"class":114},[68,49924,49925],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,49926,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,49928,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,49930,1099],{"class":1098},[68,49932,1102],{"class":128},[68,49934,79],{"class":78},[68,49936,665],{"class":138},[68,49938,472],{"class":78},[68,49940,1625],{"class":74},[68,49942,1113],{"class":78},[68,49944,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,49946,41920],{"class":106},[68,49948,111],{"class":110},[68,49950,875],{"class":74},[68,49952,79],{"class":78},[68,49954,665],{"class":138},[68,49956,85],{"class":78},[68,49958,49959,49961,49963,49965],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,49960,1118],{"class":128},[68,49962,79],{"class":78},[68,49964,175],{"class":138},[68,49966,85],{"class":78},[20,49968,180],{},[59,49970,49971],{"className":61,"code":46632,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,49972,49973],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49974,49975],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49976,46632],{"class":160},[20,49978,49979],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1470,49981,49983],{"id":49982},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[59,49985,49987],{"className":61,"code":49986,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49988,49989,50013,50017,50033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,49990,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,49992,652],{"class":106},[68,49994,111],{"class":110},[68,49996,1221],{"class":78},[68,49998,344],{"class":114},[68,50000,139],{"class":118},[68,50002,344],{"class":114},[68,50004,503],{"class":78},[68,50006,115],{"class":114},[68,50008,12913],{"class":118},[68,50010,344],{"class":114},[68,50012,9338],{"class":78},[68,50014,50015],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50016,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,50018,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029,50031],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50020,1099],{"class":1098},[68,50022,1102],{"class":128},[68,50024,79],{"class":78},[68,50026,665],{"class":138},[68,50028,472],{"class":78},[68,50030,1183],{"class":74},[68,50032,1113],{"class":78},[68,50034,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50036,1118],{"class":128},[68,50038,79],{"class":78},[68,50040,665],{"class":138},[68,50042,795],{"class":78},[68,50044,344],{"class":114},[68,50046,139],{"class":118},[68,50048,344],{"class":114},[68,50050,3933],{"class":78},[20,50052,180],{},[59,50054,50056],{"className":61,"code":50055,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana\n",[15,50057,50058],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50059,50060],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50061,50055],{"class":106},[20,50063,50064,50065,50067],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50066,3060],{}," messages later.",[93,50069,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,50071,50073,50074,1776,50077],{"id":50072},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50075,50076],{},"\"int\"",[15,50078,217],{},[20,50080,16676],{},[59,50082,50084],{"className":61,"code":50083,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50085,50086,50094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50087,50088,50090,50092],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50089,652],{"class":106},[68,50091,111],{"class":110},[68,50093,161],{"class":160},[68,50095,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50097,129],{"class":128},[68,50099,79],{"class":78},[68,50101,1034],{"class":128},[68,50103,79],{"class":78},[68,50105,665],{"class":138},[68,50107,472],{"class":78},[68,50109,115],{"class":114},[68,50111,217],{"class":118},[68,50113,344],{"class":114},[68,50115,142],{"class":78},[20,50117,50118,50120],{},[15,50119,50076],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50122,16688],{},[59,50124,50125],{"className":61,"code":49535,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,50126,50127,50135],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50128,50129,50131,50133],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50130,652],{"class":106},[68,50132,111],{"class":110},[68,50134,161],{"class":160},[68,50136,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50138,129],{"class":128},[68,50140,79],{"class":78},[68,50142,1034],{"class":128},[68,50144,79],{"class":78},[68,50146,665],{"class":138},[68,50148,472],{"class":78},[68,50150,875],{"class":74},[68,50152,142],{"class":78},[1470,50154,50156],{"id":50155},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50158,16676],{},[59,50160,50162],{"className":61,"code":50161,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50163,50164,50172],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50165,50166,50168,50170],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50167,652],{"class":106},[68,50169,111],{"class":110},[68,50171,1007],{"class":160},[68,50173,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50175,129],{"class":128},[68,50177,79],{"class":78},[68,50179,1034],{"class":128},[68,50181,79],{"class":78},[68,50183,665],{"class":138},[68,50185,472],{"class":78},[68,50187,725],{"class":78},[68,50189,217],{"class":74},[68,50191,472],{"class":78},[68,50193,40289],{"class":74},[68,50195,483],{"class":78},[20,50197,50198],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50200,16688],{},[59,50202,50204],{"className":61,"code":50203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50205,50206,50214],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50207,50208,50210,50212],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50209,652],{"class":106},[68,50211,111],{"class":110},[68,50213,1007],{"class":160},[68,50215,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50217,129],{"class":128},[68,50219,79],{"class":78},[68,50221,1034],{"class":128},[68,50223,79],{"class":78},[68,50225,665],{"class":138},[68,50227,472],{"class":78},[68,50229,9266],{"class":78},[68,50231,217],{"class":74},[68,50233,472],{"class":78},[68,50235,40289],{"class":74},[68,50237,2970],{"class":78},[1470,50239,25808,50241,50243],{"id":50240},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50242,972],{}," converts a value",[20,50245,18947],{},[59,50247,50249],{"className":61,"code":50248,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50250,50251,50263,50281,50285],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50254,652],{"class":106},[68,50256,111],{"class":110},[68,50258,115],{"class":114},[68,50260,1352],{"class":118},[68,50262,122],{"class":114},[68,50264,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50266,2297],{"class":106},[68,50268,111],{"class":110},[68,50270,1102],{"class":128},[68,50272,79],{"class":78},[68,50274,665],{"class":138},[68,50276,472],{"class":78},[68,50278,875],{"class":74},[68,50280,85],{"class":78},[68,50282,50283],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50284,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,50286,50287,50289,50291,50293],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50288,129],{"class":128},[68,50290,79],{"class":78},[68,50292,2331],{"class":138},[68,50294,85],{"class":78},[20,50296,180],{},[59,50298,50299],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,50300,50301],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50302,50303],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50304,4084],{"class":526},[20,50306,50307,50308,50311,50312,50314],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50309,50310],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50313,1352],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50316,50317,50318,6670],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50319,50320],{},"int(value)",[1470,50322,50324],{"id":50323},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50326,50327,50329],{},[15,50328,972],{}," does not modify anything.",[59,50331,50333],{"className":61,"code":50332,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50334,50335,50347,50351,50369],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50336,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50338,652],{"class":106},[68,50340,111],{"class":110},[68,50342,115],{"class":114},[68,50344,13590],{"class":118},[68,50346,122],{"class":114},[68,50348,50349],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50350,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,50352,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50354,129],{"class":128},[68,50356,79],{"class":78},[68,50358,1034],{"class":128},[68,50360,79],{"class":78},[68,50362,665],{"class":138},[68,50364,472],{"class":78},[68,50366,1625],{"class":74},[68,50368,142],{"class":78},[68,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50372,129],{"class":128},[68,50374,79],{"class":78},[68,50376,665],{"class":138},[68,50378,85],{"class":78},[20,50380,180],{},[59,50382,50384],{"className":61,"code":50383,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\n100\n",[15,50385,50386,50390],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50387,50388],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50389,1070],{"class":526},[68,50391,50392],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50393,47283],{"class":160},[20,50395,50396],{},"The value stays the same.",[93,50398,25976],{"id":25975},[20,50400,50401],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[59,50403,50405],{"className":61,"code":50404,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50406,50407,50421,50439,50463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50408,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50410,129],{"class":128},[68,50412,79],{"class":78},[68,50414,75],{"class":74},[68,50416,79],{"class":78},[68,50418,665],{"class":138},[68,50420,142],{"class":78},[68,50422,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50424,129],{"class":128},[68,50426,79],{"class":78},[68,50428,1034],{"class":128},[68,50430,79],{"class":78},[68,50432,665],{"class":138},[68,50434,472],{"class":78},[68,50436,875],{"class":74},[68,50438,142],{"class":78},[68,50440,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50442,129],{"class":128},[68,50444,79],{"class":78},[68,50446,1034],{"class":128},[68,50448,79],{"class":78},[68,50450,665],{"class":138},[68,50452,472],{"class":78},[68,50454,9266],{"class":78},[68,50456,217],{"class":74},[68,50458,472],{"class":78},[68,50460,40289],{"class":74},[68,50462,2970],{"class":78},[68,50464,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50466,129],{"class":128},[68,50468,79],{"class":78},[68,50470,1839],{"class":128},[68,50472,79],{"class":78},[68,50474,665],{"class":138},[68,50476,142],{"class":78},[20,50478,50479],{},"These can help when:",[33,50481,50482,50485,50490,50493],{},[36,50483,50484],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,50486,50487,50488],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50489,3060],{},[36,50491,50492],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,50494,50495,50496,50498],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50497,972],{}," is invalid",[20,50500,50501],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,50503,50504,50518,50524,50529],{},[36,50505,50506,50507,384,50510,50513,50514,384,50516],{},"using ",[15,50508,50509],{},"'int'",[15,50511,50512],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50515,217],{},[15,50517,200],{},[36,50519,50520,50521,50523],{},"expecting ",[15,50522,972],{}," to convert a value",[36,50525,50506,50526,50528],{},[15,50527,17],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,50530,50531],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50533,50534,50535,236],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[49,50536,50538,50539],{"href":50537},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50540,50541],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[93,50543,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,50545,1878,50547,1881],{"id":50546},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50548,972],{},[20,50550,5191,50551,50553,50554,236],{},[15,50552,290],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50555,293],{},[1470,50557,1939,50559,50561],{"id":50558},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50560,972],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50563,50564,50565,236],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50566,50567],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1470,50569,5221,50571,232,50573,1906],{"id":50570},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50572,972],{},[15,50574,17],{},[20,50576,50577,50579,50580,50582],{},[15,50578,17],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50581,972],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1470,50584,12736,50586,50588],{"id":50585},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50587,972],{}," convert a value?",[20,50590,50591],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[93,50593,1952],{"id":1951},[33,50595,50596,50602,50606,50611,50616],{},[36,50597,50598],{},[49,50599,13,50600,1151],{"href":2366},[15,50601,17],{},[36,50603,50604],{},[49,50605,629],{"href":628},[36,50607,50608],{},[49,50609,50610],{"href":3019},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,50612,50613],{},[49,50614,50615],{"href":48998},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,50617,50618],{},[49,50619,50538,50620],{"href":50537},[15,50621,50541],{},[1995,50623,50624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":50626},[50627,50628,50630,50633,50637,50638,50643,50649,50657,50658,50668],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":48935,"depth":125,"text":50629},"What isinstance() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":50631},[50632],{"id":49026,"depth":145,"text":49027},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506,"children":50634},[50635,50636],{"id":49114,"depth":145,"text":49115},{"id":49185,"depth":145,"text":49186},{"id":49272,"depth":125,"text":49273},{"id":49468,"depth":125,"text":50639,"children":50640},"isinstance() vs type()",[50641,50642],{"id":49484,"depth":145,"text":49487},{"id":49526,"depth":145,"text":49529},{"id":49587,"depth":125,"text":49588,"children":50644},[50645,50646,50647,50648],{"id":49596,"depth":145,"text":49597},{"id":49777,"depth":145,"text":49778},{"id":49904,"depth":145,"text":49905},{"id":49982,"depth":145,"text":49983},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":50650},[50651,50653,50654,50656],{"id":50072,"depth":145,"text":50652},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50155,"depth":145,"text":50156},{"id":50240,"depth":145,"text":50655},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50323,"depth":145,"text":50324},{"id":25975,"depth":125,"text":25976},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":50659},[50660,50662,50664,50666],{"id":50546,"depth":145,"text":50661},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50558,"depth":145,"text":50663},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50570,"depth":145,"text":50665},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50585,"depth":145,"text":50667},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48838,"description":50669},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50675,"title":50676,"body":50677,"description":52650,"extension":2033,"meta":52651,"navigation":148,"path":52652,"seo":52653,"stem":52654,"__hash__":52655},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50678,"toc":52625},[50679,50682,50687,50692,50706,50709,50711,50786,50791,50795,50800,50803,50817,50819,50985,50998,51000,51002,51017,51020,51023,51036,51038,51136,51140,51146,51149,51158,51160,51195,51200,51221,51226,51231,51263,51266,51323,51327,51333,51336,51389,51391,51431,51434,51502,51505,51556,51563,51567,51573,51658,51664,51670,51719,51722,51725,51775,51777,51782,51786,51836,51840,51887,51891,51968,51972,52037,52040,52044,52049,52054,52066,52068,52087,52093,52096,52115,52120,52147,52154,52158,52164,52167,52262,52265,52268,52317,52322,52324,52328,52363,52366,52423,52433,52436,52470,52473,52475,52479,52482,52486,52489,52493,52496,52500,52513,52517,52522,52524,52574,52586,52588,52622],[10,50680,50676],{"id":50681},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50683,9154,50684,50686],{},[15,50685,42390],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50688,35436,50689,50691],{},[15,50690,42390],{}," to count:",[33,50693,50694,50697,50700,50703],{},[36,50695,50696],{},"characters in a string",[36,50698,50699],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,50701,50702],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,50704,50705],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50707,50708],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[93,50710,2075],{"id":2074},[59,50712,50714],{"className":61,"code":50713,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50715,50716,50728,50748,50752,50769],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50717,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50719,1345],{"class":106},[68,50721,111],{"class":110},[68,50723,115],{"class":114},[68,50725,347],{"class":118},[68,50727,122],{"class":114},[68,50729,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50731,7817],{"class":106},[68,50733,111],{"class":110},[68,50735,725],{"class":78},[68,50737,438],{"class":160},[68,50739,472],{"class":78},[68,50741,7828],{"class":160},[68,50743,472],{"class":78},[68,50745,7833],{"class":160},[68,50747,730],{"class":78},[68,50749,50750],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50751,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,50753,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50755,129],{"class":128},[68,50757,79],{"class":78},[68,50759,11191],{"class":128},[68,50761,79],{"class":78},[68,50763,1367],{"class":138},[68,50765,1636],{"class":78},[68,50767,50768],{"class":3708},"   # 5\n",[68,50770,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,50772,129],{"class":128},[68,50774,79],{"class":78},[68,50776,11191],{"class":128},[68,50778,79],{"class":78},[68,50780,7848],{"class":138},[68,50782,1636],{"class":78},[68,50784,50785],{"class":3708},"  # 3\n",[20,50787,224,50788,50790],{},[15,50789,42390],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[93,50792,50794],{"id":50793},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50796,50797,50799],{},[15,50798,42390],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50801,50802],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,50804,50805,50808,50811,50814],{},[36,50806,50807],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,50809,50810],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,50812,50813],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,50815,50816],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50818,326],{},[59,50820,50822],{"className":61,"code":50821,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50823,50824,50836,50861,50893,50913,50917,50934,50951,50968],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,50825,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,50827,107],{"class":106},[68,50829,111],{"class":110},[68,50831,115],{"class":114},[68,50833,7714],{"class":118},[68,50835,122],{"class":114},[68,50837,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50859],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,50839,3663],{"class":106},[68,50841,111],{"class":110},[68,50843,725],{"class":78},[68,50845,438],{"class":160},[68,50847,472],{"class":78},[68,50849,7828],{"class":160},[68,50851,472],{"class":78},[68,50853,7833],{"class":160},[68,50855,472],{"class":78},[68,50857,50858],{"class":160}," 40",[68,50860,730],{"class":78},[68,50862,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,50864,9197],{"class":106},[68,50866,111],{"class":110},[68,50868,1221],{"class":78},[68,50870,344],{"class":114},[68,50872,49],{"class":118},[68,50874,344],{"class":114},[68,50876,503],{"class":78},[68,50878,5539],{"class":160},[68,50880,472],{"class":78},[68,50882,115],{"class":114},[68,50884,4806],{"class":118},[68,50886,344],{"class":114},[68,50888,503],{"class":78},[68,50890,475],{"class":160},[68,50892,9338],{"class":78},[68,50894,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,50896,3869],{"class":106},[68,50898,111],{"class":110},[68,50900,1221],{"class":78},[68,50902,1497],{"class":160},[68,50904,472],{"class":78},[68,50906,37677],{"class":160},[68,50908,472],{"class":78},[68,50910,6034],{"class":160},[68,50912,9338],{"class":78},[68,50914,50915],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,50916,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,50918,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,50920,129],{"class":128},[68,50922,79],{"class":78},[68,50924,11191],{"class":128},[68,50926,79],{"class":78},[68,50928,139],{"class":138},[68,50930,1636],{"class":78},[68,50932,50933],{"class":3708},"     # 3\n",[68,50935,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,50937,129],{"class":128},[68,50939,79],{"class":78},[68,50941,11191],{"class":128},[68,50943,79],{"class":78},[68,50945,3693],{"class":138},[68,50947,1636],{"class":78},[68,50949,50950],{"class":3708},"  # 4\n",[68,50952,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,50954,129],{"class":128},[68,50956,79],{"class":78},[68,50958,11191],{"class":128},[68,50960,79],{"class":78},[68,50962,9234],{"class":138},[68,50964,1636],{"class":78},[68,50966,50967],{"class":3708},"     # 2\n",[68,50969,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,50971,129],{"class":128},[68,50973,79],{"class":78},[68,50975,11191],{"class":128},[68,50977,79],{"class":78},[68,50979,5401],{"class":138},[68,50981,1636],{"class":78},[68,50983,50984],{"class":3708},"   # 3\n",[20,50986,50987,50988,1448,50992,1453,50996,236],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[49,50989,50991],{"href":50990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[49,50993,50995],{"href":50994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[49,50997,9187],{"href":9186},[93,50999,303],{"id":302},[20,51001,2231],{},[59,51003,51005],{"className":61,"code":51004,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"len(object)\n",[15,51006,51007],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51008,51009,51011,51013,51015],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51010,11191],{"class":128},[68,51012,79],{"class":78},[68,51014,82],{"class":74},[68,51016,85],{"class":78},[20,51018,51019],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51021,51022],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,51024,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033],{},[36,51026,37941],{},[36,51028,37935],{},[36,51030,37938],{},[36,51032,37944],{},[36,51034,51035],{},"a dictionary",[20,51037,326],{},[59,51039,51041],{"className":61,"code":51040,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51042,51043,51064,51088,51110],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51044,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51046,129],{"class":128},[68,51048,79],{"class":78},[68,51050,11191],{"class":128},[68,51052,79],{"class":78},[68,51054,344],{"class":114},[68,51056,63],{"class":118},[68,51058,344],{"class":114},[68,51060,1636],{"class":78},[68,51062,51063],{"class":3708},"      # 6\n",[68,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51067,129],{"class":128},[68,51069,79],{"class":78},[68,51071,11191],{"class":128},[68,51073,466],{"class":78},[68,51075,469],{"class":160},[68,51077,472],{"class":78},[68,51079,475],{"class":160},[68,51081,472],{"class":78},[68,51083,480],{"class":160},[68,51085,4780],{"class":78},[68,51087,50933],{"class":3708},[68,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51107],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51091,129],{"class":128},[68,51093,79],{"class":78},[68,51095,11191],{"class":128},[68,51097,5552],{"class":78},[68,51099,438],{"class":160},[68,51101,472],{"class":78},[68,51103,7828],{"class":160},[68,51105,51106],{"class":78},")))",[68,51108,51109],{"class":3708},"      # 2\n",[68,51111,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51133],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51113,129],{"class":128},[68,51115,79],{"class":78},[68,51117,11191],{"class":128},[68,51119,494],{"class":78},[68,51121,344],{"class":114},[68,51123,2245],{"class":118},[68,51125,344],{"class":114},[68,51127,503],{"class":78},[68,51129,5539],{"class":160},[68,51131,51132],{"class":78},"}))",[68,51134,51135],{"class":3708},"      # 1\n",[93,51137,51139],{"id":51138},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51141,51142,51143,51145],{},"When you use ",[15,51144,42390],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51147,51148],{},"That includes:",[33,51150,51151,51153,51155],{},[36,51152,36175],{},[36,51154,10482],{},[36,51156,51157],{},"punctuation",[20,51159,326],{},[59,51161,51163],{"className":61,"code":51162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51164,51165,51178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51166,51167,51169,51171,51173,51176],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51168,1345],{"class":106},[68,51170,111],{"class":110},[68,51172,115],{"class":114},[68,51174,51175],{"class":118},"Hi there!",[68,51177,122],{"class":114},[68,51179,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51181,129],{"class":128},[68,51183,79],{"class":78},[68,51185,11191],{"class":128},[68,51187,79],{"class":78},[68,51189,1367],{"class":138},[68,51191,1636],{"class":78},[68,51193,51194],{"class":3708},"  # 9\n",[20,51196,51197,51198,1906],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51199,2216],{},[33,51201,51202,51208,51212,51215],{},[36,51203,51204,51207],{},[15,51205,51206],{},"H"," = 1",[36,51209,51210,51207],{},[15,51211,36186],{},[36,51213,51214],{},"space = 1",[36,51216,51217,51220],{},[15,51218,51219],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51222,51223,51224],{},"Total: ",[15,51225,2216],{},[20,51227,51228,51229,503],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51230,2192],{},[59,51232,51234],{"className":61,"code":51233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51235,51236,51245],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51237,51238,51241,51243],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51239,51240],{"class":106},"empty_text ",[68,51242,111],{"class":110},[68,51244,7919],{"class":114},[68,51246,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51258,51260],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51248,129],{"class":128},[68,51250,79],{"class":78},[68,51252,11191],{"class":128},[68,51254,79],{"class":78},[68,51256,51257],{"class":138},"empty_text",[68,51259,1636],{"class":78},[68,51261,51262],{"class":3708},"  # 0\n",[20,51264,51265],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[59,51267,51269],{"className":61,"code":51268,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51270,51271,51284,51288,51308],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51272,51273,51276,51278,51280,51282],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51274,51275],{"class":106},"user_name ",[68,51277,111],{"class":110},[68,51279,115],{"class":114},[68,51281,119],{"class":118},[68,51283,122],{"class":114},[68,51285,51286],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51287,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51289,51290,51292,51294,51296,51299,51301,51304,51306],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51291,1099],{"class":1098},[68,51293,38420],{"class":128},[68,51295,79],{"class":78},[68,51297,51298],{"class":138},"user_name",[68,51300,1701],{"class":78},[68,51302,51303],{"class":110}," >=",[68,51305,480],{"class":160},[68,51307,1648],{"class":78},[68,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51319,51321],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51311,1118],{"class":128},[68,51313,79],{"class":78},[68,51315,344],{"class":114},[68,51317,51318],{"class":118},"Name is long enough",[68,51320,344],{"class":114},[68,51322,85],{"class":78},[93,51324,51326],{"id":51325},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51328,51329,51330,51332],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51331,42390],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51334,51335],{},"Example with a list:",[59,51337,51339],{"className":61,"code":51338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51340,51341,51373],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51342,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51344,13108],{"class":106},[68,51346,111],{"class":110},[68,51348,725],{"class":78},[68,51350,344],{"class":114},[68,51352,13125],{"class":118},[68,51354,344],{"class":114},[68,51356,472],{"class":78},[68,51358,115],{"class":114},[68,51360,17488],{"class":118},[68,51362,344],{"class":114},[68,51364,472],{"class":78},[68,51366,115],{"class":114},[68,51368,13142],{"class":118},[68,51370,344],{"class":114},[68,51372,730],{"class":78},[68,51374,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51376,129],{"class":128},[68,51378,79],{"class":78},[68,51380,11191],{"class":128},[68,51382,79],{"class":78},[68,51384,17535],{"class":138},[68,51386,1636],{"class":78},[68,51388,50785],{"class":3708},[20,51390,37950],{},[59,51392,51394],{"className":61,"code":51393,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51395,51396,51413],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51397,51398,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51399,51400],{"class":106},"point ",[68,51402,111],{"class":110},[68,51404,9266],{"class":78},[68,51406,438],{"class":160},[68,51408,472],{"class":78},[68,51410,7828],{"class":160},[68,51412,85],{"class":78},[68,51414,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51426,51428],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51416,129],{"class":128},[68,51418,79],{"class":78},[68,51420,11191],{"class":128},[68,51422,79],{"class":78},[68,51424,51425],{"class":138},"point",[68,51427,1636],{"class":78},[68,51429,51430],{"class":3708},"  # 2\n",[20,51432,51433],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[59,51435,51437],{"className":61,"code":51436,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51438,51439,51463,51467,51485],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51440,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51442,7817],{"class":106},[68,51444,111],{"class":110},[68,51446,725],{"class":78},[68,51448,344],{"class":114},[68,51450,4123],{"class":118},[68,51452,344],{"class":114},[68,51454,472],{"class":78},[68,51456,115],{"class":114},[68,51458,4132],{"class":118},[68,51460,344],{"class":114},[68,51462,730],{"class":78},[68,51464,51465],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51466,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51470,1099],{"class":1098},[68,51472,38420],{"class":128},[68,51474,79],{"class":78},[68,51476,7848],{"class":138},[68,51478,1701],{"class":78},[68,51480,38430],{"class":110},[68,51482,5539],{"class":160},[68,51484,1648],{"class":78},[68,51486,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51488,1118],{"class":128},[68,51490,79],{"class":78},[68,51492,7848],{"class":138},[68,51494,795],{"class":78},[68,51496,469],{"class":160},[68,51498,20480],{"class":78},[68,51500,51501],{"class":3708},"  # banana\n",[20,51503,51504],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[59,51506,51508],{"className":61,"code":51507,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51509,51510,51533],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51511,51512,51514,51516,51518,51521,51523,51526,51528,51531],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51513,5108],{"class":106},[68,51515,111],{"class":110},[68,51517,725],{"class":78},[68,51519,51520],{"class":160},"88",[68,51522,472],{"class":78},[68,51524,51525],{"class":160}," 91",[68,51527,472],{"class":78},[68,51529,51530],{"class":160}," 75",[68,51532,730],{"class":78},[68,51534,51535,51537,51539,51541,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51536,129],{"class":128},[68,51538,79],{"class":78},[68,51540,344],{"class":114},[68,51542,51543],{"class":118},"Number of scores:",[68,51545,344],{"class":114},[68,51547,472],{"class":78},[68,51549,38420],{"class":128},[68,51551,79],{"class":78},[68,51553,16421],{"class":138},[68,51555,142],{"class":78},[20,51557,51558,51559,236],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[49,51560,51562],{"href":51561},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[93,51564,51566],{"id":51565},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51568,51569,51570,51572],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51571,42390],{}," counts keys.",[59,51574,51576],{"className":61,"code":51575,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51577,51578,51586,51604,51618,51634,51638,51642],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51579,51580,51582,51584],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51581,12896],{"class":106},[68,51583,111],{"class":110},[68,51585,11524],{"class":78},[68,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51589,11529],{"class":114},[68,51591,139],{"class":118},[68,51593,344],{"class":114},[68,51595,503],{"class":78},[68,51597,115],{"class":114},[68,51599,7959],{"class":118},[68,51601,344],{"class":114},[68,51603,11545],{"class":78},[68,51605,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51607,11529],{"class":114},[68,51609,395],{"class":118},[68,51611,344],{"class":114},[68,51613,503],{"class":78},[68,51615,30977],{"class":160},[68,51617,11545],{"class":78},[68,51619,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51621,11529],{"class":114},[68,51623,19925],{"class":118},[68,51625,344],{"class":114},[68,51627,503],{"class":78},[68,51629,115],{"class":114},[68,51631,22280],{"class":118},[68,51633,122],{"class":114},[68,51635,51636],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,51637,9338],{"class":78},[68,51639,51640],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,51641,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51643,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,51645,129],{"class":128},[68,51647,79],{"class":78},[68,51649,11191],{"class":128},[68,51651,79],{"class":78},[68,51653,13658],{"class":138},[68,51655,1636],{"class":78},[68,51657,50785],{"class":3708},[20,51659,51660,51661,51663],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51662,42390],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51665,51666,51667,51669],{},"For sets, ",[15,51668,42390],{}," counts unique items:",[59,51671,51673],{"className":61,"code":51672,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51674,51675,51703],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51676,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51678,3663],{"class":106},[68,51680,111],{"class":110},[68,51682,1221],{"class":78},[68,51684,469],{"class":160},[68,51686,472],{"class":78},[68,51688,475],{"class":160},[68,51690,472],{"class":78},[68,51692,480],{"class":160},[68,51694,472],{"class":78},[68,51696,480],{"class":160},[68,51698,472],{"class":78},[68,51700,475],{"class":160},[68,51702,9338],{"class":78},[68,51704,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51706,129],{"class":128},[68,51708,79],{"class":78},[68,51710,11191],{"class":128},[68,51712,79],{"class":78},[68,51714,3693],{"class":138},[68,51716,1636],{"class":78},[68,51718,50785],{"class":3708},[20,51720,51721],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51723,51724],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[59,51726,51728],{"className":61,"code":51727,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51729,51730,51738,51742,51760],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51731,51732,51734,51736],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51733,9197],{"class":106},[68,51735,111],{"class":110},[68,51737,9868],{"class":78},[68,51739,51740],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51741,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51743,51744,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51745,1099],{"class":1098},[68,51747,38420],{"class":128},[68,51749,79],{"class":78},[68,51751,9234],{"class":138},[68,51753,1701],{"class":78},[68,51755,1639],{"class":110},[68,51757,3880],{"class":160},[68,51759,1648],{"class":78},[68,51761,51762,51764,51766,51768,51771,51773],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51763,1118],{"class":128},[68,51765,79],{"class":78},[68,51767,344],{"class":114},[68,51769,51770],{"class":118},"The dictionary is empty",[68,51772,344],{"class":114},[68,51774,85],{"class":78},[93,51776,41079],{"id":41078},[20,51778,51779,51780,236],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51781,42390],{},[1470,51783,51785],{"id":51784},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[59,51787,51789],{"className":61,"code":51788,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51790,51791,51799,51803,51821],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51792,51793,51795,51797],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51794,7817],{"class":106},[68,51796,111],{"class":110},[68,51798,7877],{"class":78},[68,51800,51801],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51802,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51804,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51806,1099],{"class":1098},[68,51808,38420],{"class":128},[68,51810,79],{"class":78},[68,51812,7848],{"class":138},[68,51814,1701],{"class":78},[68,51816,1639],{"class":110},[68,51818,3880],{"class":160},[68,51820,1648],{"class":78},[68,51822,51823,51825,51827,51829,51832,51834],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51824,1118],{"class":128},[68,51826,79],{"class":78},[68,51828,344],{"class":114},[68,51830,51831],{"class":118},"The list is empty",[68,51833,344],{"class":114},[68,51835,85],{"class":78},[1470,51837,51839],{"id":51838},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[59,51841,51843],{"className":61,"code":51842,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51844,51845,51864],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51846,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51860,51862],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51848,6195],{"class":106},[68,51850,111],{"class":110},[68,51852,835],{"class":128},[68,51854,79],{"class":78},[68,51856,344],{"class":114},[68,51858,51859],{"class":118},"Enter a word: ",[68,51861,344],{"class":114},[68,51863,85],{"class":78},[68,51865,51866,51868,51870,51872,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51867,129],{"class":128},[68,51869,79],{"class":78},[68,51871,344],{"class":114},[68,51873,51874],{"class":118},"Number of characters:",[68,51876,344],{"class":114},[68,51878,472],{"class":78},[68,51880,38420],{"class":128},[68,51882,79],{"class":78},[68,51884,38425],{"class":138},[68,51886,142],{"class":78},[1470,51888,51890],{"id":51889},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[59,51892,51894],{"className":61,"code":51893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51895,51896,51910,51914,51932,51947,51953],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51897,51898,51901,51903,51905,51908],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51899,51900],{"class":106},"password ",[68,51902,111],{"class":110},[68,51904,115],{"class":114},[68,51906,51907],{"class":118},"secret123",[68,51909,122],{"class":114},[68,51911,51912],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,51913,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,51915,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928,51930],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,51917,1099],{"class":1098},[68,51919,38420],{"class":128},[68,51921,79],{"class":78},[68,51923,17654],{"class":138},[68,51925,1701],{"class":78},[68,51927,51303],{"class":110},[68,51929,6401],{"class":160},[68,51931,1648],{"class":78},[68,51933,51934,51936,51938,51940,51943,51945],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,51935,1118],{"class":128},[68,51937,79],{"class":78},[68,51939,344],{"class":114},[68,51941,51942],{"class":118},"Password length is valid",[68,51944,344],{"class":114},[68,51946,85],{"class":78},[68,51948,51949,51951],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,51950,27468],{"class":1098},[68,51952,1648],{"class":78},[68,51954,51955,51957,51959,51961,51964,51966],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,51956,1118],{"class":128},[68,51958,79],{"class":78},[68,51960,344],{"class":114},[68,51962,51963],{"class":118},"Password is too short",[68,51965,344],{"class":114},[68,51967,85],{"class":78},[1470,51969,51971],{"id":51970},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[59,51973,51975],{"className":61,"code":51974,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51976,51977,52013],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,51978,51979,51982,51984,51986,51988,51991,51993,51995,51997,52000,52002,52004,52006,52009,52011],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,51980,51981],{"class":106},"results ",[68,51983,111],{"class":110},[68,51985,725],{"class":78},[68,51987,344],{"class":114},[68,51989,51990],{"class":118},"item1",[68,51992,344],{"class":114},[68,51994,472],{"class":78},[68,51996,115],{"class":114},[68,51998,51999],{"class":118},"item2",[68,52001,344],{"class":114},[68,52003,472],{"class":78},[68,52005,115],{"class":114},[68,52007,52008],{"class":118},"item3",[68,52010,344],{"class":114},[68,52012,730],{"class":78},[68,52014,52015,52017,52019,52021,52024,52026,52028,52030,52032,52035],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52016,129],{"class":128},[68,52018,79],{"class":78},[68,52020,344],{"class":114},[68,52022,52023],{"class":118},"Items found:",[68,52025,344],{"class":114},[68,52027,472],{"class":78},[68,52029,38420],{"class":128},[68,52031,79],{"class":78},[68,52033,52034],{"class":138},"results",[68,52036,142],{"class":78},[20,52038,52039],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[93,52041,52043],{"id":52042},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52045,52046,52048],{},[15,52047,42390],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52050,52051,52052,503],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52053,3060],{},[33,52055,52056,52059,52062],{},[36,52057,52058],{},"plain integers",[36,52060,52061],{},"floats",[36,52063,52064],{},[15,52065,3824],{},[20,52067,326],{},[59,52069,52071],{"className":61,"code":52070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52072,52073],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52074,52075,52077,52079,52081,52083,52085],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52076,129],{"class":128},[68,52078,79],{"class":78},[68,52080,11191],{"class":128},[68,52082,79],{"class":78},[68,52084,1497],{"class":160},[68,52086,142],{"class":78},[20,52088,52089,52090,52092],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52091,1497],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52094,52095],{},"Another example:",[59,52097,52099],{"className":61,"code":52098,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52100,52101],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52102,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52104,129],{"class":128},[68,52106,79],{"class":78},[68,52108,11191],{"class":128},[68,52110,79],{"class":78},[68,52112,453],{"class":160},[68,52114,142],{"class":78},[20,52116,52117,52118,503],{},"And with ",[15,52119,3824],{},[59,52121,52123],{"className":61,"code":52122,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52124,52125,52133],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52126,52127,52129,52131],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52128,652],{"class":106},[68,52130,111],{"class":110},[68,52132,48547],{"class":526},[68,52134,52135,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52136,129],{"class":128},[68,52138,79],{"class":78},[68,52140,11191],{"class":128},[68,52142,79],{"class":78},[68,52144,665],{"class":138},[68,52146,142],{"class":78},[20,52148,52149,52150,236],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[49,52151,52153],{"href":52152},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[93,52155,52157],{"id":52156},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52159,52160,52161,52163],{},"Before using ",[15,52162,42390],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52165,52166],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[59,52168,52170],{"className":61,"code":52169,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52171,52172,52180,52184,52194,52208,52226,52244],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52173,52174,52176,52178],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52175,652],{"class":106},[68,52177,111],{"class":110},[68,52179,48547],{"class":526},[68,52181,52182],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52183,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,52185,52186,52188,52190,52192],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,52187,129],{"class":128},[68,52189,79],{"class":78},[68,52191,665],{"class":138},[68,52193,85],{"class":78},[68,52195,52196,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,52197,129],{"class":128},[68,52199,79],{"class":78},[68,52201,75],{"class":74},[68,52203,79],{"class":78},[68,52205,665],{"class":138},[68,52207,142],{"class":78},[68,52209,52210,52212,52214,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,52211,129],{"class":128},[68,52213,79],{"class":78},[68,52215,1034],{"class":128},[68,52217,79],{"class":78},[68,52219,665],{"class":138},[68,52221,472],{"class":78},[68,52223,1625],{"class":74},[68,52225,142],{"class":78},[68,52227,52228,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,52229,129],{"class":128},[68,52231,79],{"class":78},[68,52233,1034],{"class":128},[68,52235,79],{"class":78},[68,52237,665],{"class":138},[68,52239,472],{"class":78},[68,52241,22595],{"class":74},[68,52243,142],{"class":78},[68,52245,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,52247,129],{"class":128},[68,52249,79],{"class":78},[68,52251,1034],{"class":128},[68,52253,79],{"class":78},[68,52255,665],{"class":138},[68,52257,472],{"class":78},[68,52259,1183],{"class":74},[68,52261,142],{"class":78},[20,52263,52264],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52266,52267],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[59,52269,52271],{"className":61,"code":52270,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52272,52273,52285,52289,52303],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52274,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52276,652],{"class":106},[68,52278,111],{"class":110},[68,52280,115],{"class":114},[68,52282,347],{"class":118},[68,52284,122],{"class":114},[68,52286,52287],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52288,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,52290,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,52292,1099],{"class":1098},[68,52294,21619],{"class":106},[68,52296,12226],{"class":110},[68,52298,8136],{"class":110},[68,52300,3898],{"class":526},[68,52302,1648],{"class":78},[68,52304,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,52306,1118],{"class":128},[68,52308,79],{"class":78},[68,52310,11191],{"class":128},[68,52312,79],{"class":78},[68,52314,665],{"class":138},[68,52316,142],{"class":78},[20,52318,52319,52320,236],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[49,52321,8476],{"href":2366},[93,52323,1750],{"id":1749},[20,52325,23130,52326,503],{},[15,52327,42390],{},[33,52329,52330,52338,52346,52354,52360],{},[36,52331,633,52332,52334,52335],{},[15,52333,42390],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52336,52337],{},"len(5)",[36,52339,633,52340,52342,52343],{},[15,52341,42390],{}," on a float like ",[15,52344,52345],{},"len(3.14)",[36,52347,633,52348,52350,52351,52353],{},[15,52349,42390],{}," on ",[15,52352,3824],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,52355,4624,52356,52359],{},[15,52357,52358],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,52361,52362],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52364,52365],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[59,52367,52369],{"className":61,"code":52368,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52370,52371,52407],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52372,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52374,13237],{"class":106},[68,52376,111],{"class":110},[68,52378,1221],{"class":78},[68,52380,344],{"class":114},[68,52382,139],{"class":118},[68,52384,344],{"class":114},[68,52386,503],{"class":78},[68,52388,115],{"class":114},[68,52390,12913],{"class":118},[68,52392,344],{"class":114},[68,52394,472],{"class":78},[68,52396,115],{"class":114},[68,52398,395],{"class":118},[68,52400,344],{"class":114},[68,52402,503],{"class":78},[68,52404,7828],{"class":160},[68,52406,9338],{"class":78},[68,52408,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52410,129],{"class":128},[68,52412,79],{"class":78},[68,52414,11191],{"class":128},[68,52416,79],{"class":78},[68,52418,17339],{"class":138},[68,52420,1636],{"class":78},[68,52422,51430],{"class":3708},[20,52424,37628,52425,52427,52428,232,52430,236],{},[15,52426,2129],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52429,15271],{},[15,52431,52432],{},"\"age\"",[20,52434,52435],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[59,52437,52439],{"className":61,"code":52438,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52440,52441,52454],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52442,52443,52445,52447,52449,52452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52444,1345],{"class":106},[68,52446,111],{"class":110},[68,52448,115],{"class":114},[68,52450,52451],{"class":118},"a b",[68,52453,122],{"class":114},[68,52455,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52457,129],{"class":128},[68,52459,79],{"class":78},[68,52461,11191],{"class":128},[68,52463,79],{"class":78},[68,52465,1367],{"class":138},[68,52467,1636],{"class":78},[68,52469,50785],{"class":3708},[20,52471,52472],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[93,52474,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,52476,52478],{"id":52477},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52480,52481],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1470,52483,52485],{"id":52484},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52487,52488],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1470,52490,52492],{"id":52491},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52494,52495],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1470,52497,52499],{"id":52498},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52501,52502,52503,52505,52506,384,52508,52510,52511,236],{},"No. Using ",[15,52504,42390],{}," on an ",[15,52507,217],{},[15,52509,268],{}," raises a ",[15,52512,3060],{},[1470,52514,52516],{"id":52515},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52518,7800,52519,236],{},[15,52520,52521],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52523,326],{},[59,52525,52527],{"className":61,"code":52526,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52528,52529,52537,52541,52559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52530,52531,52533,52535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52532,8343],{"class":106},[68,52534,111],{"class":110},[68,52536,7877],{"class":78},[68,52538,52539],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52540,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,52542,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,52544,1099],{"class":1098},[68,52546,38420],{"class":128},[68,52548,79],{"class":78},[68,52550,8374],{"class":138},[68,52552,1701],{"class":78},[68,52554,1639],{"class":110},[68,52556,3880],{"class":160},[68,52558,1648],{"class":78},[68,52560,52561,52563,52565,52567,52570,52572],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,52562,1118],{"class":128},[68,52564,79],{"class":78},[68,52566,344],{"class":114},[68,52568,52569],{"class":118},"Empty list",[68,52571,344],{"class":114},[68,52573,85],{"class":78},[20,52575,52576,52577,52579,52580,52582,52583,52585],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52578,293],{}," in an ",[15,52581,1099],{}," statement, but ",[15,52584,42390],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[93,52587,1952],{"id":1951},[33,52589,52590,52594,52598,52602,52607,52611,52617],{},[36,52591,52592],{},[49,52593,50991],{"href":50990},[36,52595,52596],{},[49,52597,50995],{"href":50994},[36,52599,52600],{},[49,52601,9187],{"href":9186},[36,52603,52604],{},[49,52605,52606],{"href":51561},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52608,52609],{},[49,52610,8476],{"href":2366},[36,52612,52613],{},[49,52614,52616],{"href":52615},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,52618,52619],{},[49,52620,52621],{"href":52152},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1995,52623,52624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":52626},[52627,52628,52629,52630,52631,52632,52633,52639,52640,52641,52642,52649],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":50793,"depth":125,"text":50794},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":51138,"depth":125,"text":51139},{"id":51325,"depth":125,"text":51326},{"id":51565,"depth":125,"text":51566},{"id":41078,"depth":125,"text":41079,"children":52634},[52635,52636,52637,52638],{"id":51784,"depth":145,"text":51785},{"id":51838,"depth":145,"text":51839},{"id":51889,"depth":145,"text":51890},{"id":51970,"depth":145,"text":51971},{"id":52042,"depth":125,"text":52043},{"id":52156,"depth":125,"text":52157},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":52643},[52644,52645,52646,52647,52648],{"id":52477,"depth":145,"text":52478},{"id":52484,"depth":145,"text":52485},{"id":52491,"depth":145,"text":52492},{"id":52498,"depth":145,"text":52499},{"id":52515,"depth":145,"text":52516},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50676,"description":52650},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52657,"title":52658,"body":52659,"description":54344,"extension":2033,"meta":54345,"navigation":148,"path":54346,"seo":54347,"stem":54348,"__hash__":54349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52660,"toc":54317},[52661,52664,52678,52684,52686,52740,52745,52749,52765,52768,52782,52788,52790,52793,52812,52828,52830,52906,52908,52945,52956,52958,52961,53022,53024,53057,53060,53066,53070,53073,53198,53200,53259,53267,53320,53322,53349,53355,53365,53369,53372,53377,53429,53431,53457,53463,53517,53519,53544,53547,53571,53577,53579,53583,53585,53642,53644,53652,53654,53676,53678,53731,53733,53757,53761,53763,53802,53804,53812,53818,53822,53874,53876,53902,53910,53914,53919,53928,53930,53996,53998,54030,54034,54039,54041,54055,54058,54131,54133,54159,54161,54165,54172,54176,54183,54187,54190,54192,54245,54247,54273,54277,54286,54288,54314],[10,52662,52658],{"id":52663},"python-list-append-method",[20,52665,2050,52666,52669,52670,52673,52674,52677],{},[15,52667,52668],{},"append()"," method adds ",[1301,52671,52672],{},"one item"," to the ",[1301,52675,52676],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52679,52680,52681,52683],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1301,52682,1303],{}," create a new list.",[93,52685,96],{"id":95},[59,52687,52689],{"className":61,"code":52688,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52690,52691,52711,52725,52735],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52692,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52694,3663],{"class":106},[68,52696,111],{"class":110},[68,52698,725],{"class":78},[68,52700,469],{"class":160},[68,52702,472],{"class":78},[68,52704,475],{"class":160},[68,52706,472],{"class":78},[68,52708,480],{"class":160},[68,52710,730],{"class":78},[68,52712,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52714,3693],{"class":106},[68,52716,236],{"class":78},[68,52718,13585],{"class":138},[68,52720,79],{"class":78},[68,52722,2568],{"class":160},[68,52724,85],{"class":78},[68,52726,52727,52729,52731,52733],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,52728,129],{"class":128},[68,52730,79],{"class":78},[68,52732,3693],{"class":138},[68,52734,85],{"class":78},[68,52736,52737],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,52738,52739],{"class":3708},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52741,224,52742,52744],{},[15,52743,52668],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[93,52746,52748],{"id":52747},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,52750,52751,52756,52759,52762],{},[36,52752,52753,52755],{},[15,52754,52668],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,52757,52758],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,52760,52761],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,52763,52764],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52766,52767],{},"This means you can append:",[33,52769,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{},[36,52771,3693],{},[36,52773,5351],{},[36,52775,40628],{},[36,52777,5342],{},[36,52779,7288],{},[36,52781,34695],{},[20,52783,52784,52785,236],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[49,52786,52787],{"href":50994},"Python lists explained for beginners",[93,52789,5473],{"id":5472},[20,52791,52792],{},"Basic form:",[59,52794,52796],{"className":61,"code":52795,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52797,52798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52799,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52801,8374],{"class":106},[68,52803,236],{"class":78},[68,52805,13585],{"class":138},[68,52807,79],{"class":78},[68,52809,23346],{"class":138},[68,52811,85],{"class":78},[33,52813,52814,52819,52824],{},[36,52815,52816,52818],{},[15,52817,8374],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,52820,52821,52823],{},[15,52822,23346],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,52825,11943,52826],{},[15,52827,3824],{},[20,52829,326],{},[59,52831,52833],{"className":61,"code":52832,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52834,52835,52859,52882,52886,52896],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52836,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52838,36271],{"class":106},[68,52840,111],{"class":110},[68,52842,725],{"class":78},[68,52844,344],{"class":114},[68,52846,4123],{"class":118},[68,52848,344],{"class":114},[68,52850,472],{"class":78},[68,52852,115],{"class":114},[68,52854,4132],{"class":118},[68,52856,344],{"class":114},[68,52858,730],{"class":78},[68,52860,52861,52863,52865,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52862,2297],{"class":106},[68,52864,111],{"class":110},[68,52866,52867],{"class":106}," fruits",[68,52869,236],{"class":78},[68,52871,13585],{"class":138},[68,52873,79],{"class":78},[68,52875,344],{"class":114},[68,52877,33254],{"class":118},[68,52879,344],{"class":114},[68,52881,85],{"class":78},[68,52883,52884],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,52885,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,52887,52888,52890,52892,52894],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,52889,129],{"class":128},[68,52891,79],{"class":78},[68,52893,36323],{"class":138},[68,52895,85],{"class":78},[68,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,52899,129],{"class":128},[68,52901,79],{"class":78},[68,52903,2331],{"class":138},[68,52905,85],{"class":78},[20,52907,180],{},[59,52909,52911],{"className":61,"code":52910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52912,52913,52941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52914,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52916,795],{"class":78},[68,52918,203],{"class":114},[68,52920,4123],{"class":118},[68,52922,203],{"class":114},[68,52924,472],{"class":78},[68,52926,197],{"class":114},[68,52928,4132],{"class":118},[68,52930,203],{"class":114},[68,52932,472],{"class":78},[68,52934,197],{"class":114},[68,52936,33254],{"class":118},[68,52938,203],{"class":114},[68,52940,730],{"class":78},[68,52942,52943],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52944,11840],{"class":526},[20,52946,52947,52948,52950,52951,52953,52954,236],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52949,52668],{}," updates ",[15,52952,36323],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52955,3824],{},[93,52957,11506],{"id":11505},[20,52959,52960],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[59,52962,52964],{"className":61,"code":52963,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52965,52966,52990,53008,53012],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,52967,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,52969,13108],{"class":106},[68,52971,111],{"class":110},[68,52973,725],{"class":78},[68,52975,344],{"class":114},[68,52977,13125],{"class":118},[68,52979,344],{"class":114},[68,52981,472],{"class":78},[68,52983,115],{"class":114},[68,52985,13142],{"class":118},[68,52987,344],{"class":114},[68,52989,730],{"class":78},[68,52991,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,52993,17535],{"class":106},[68,52995,236],{"class":78},[68,52997,13585],{"class":138},[68,52999,79],{"class":78},[68,53001,344],{"class":114},[68,53003,17488],{"class":118},[68,53005,344],{"class":114},[68,53007,85],{"class":78},[68,53009,53010],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53011,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53015,129],{"class":128},[68,53017,79],{"class":78},[68,53019,17535],{"class":138},[68,53021,85],{"class":78},[20,53023,180],{},[59,53025,53027],{"className":61,"code":53026,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53028,53029],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53030,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53032,795],{"class":78},[68,53034,203],{"class":114},[68,53036,13125],{"class":118},[68,53038,203],{"class":114},[68,53040,472],{"class":78},[68,53042,197],{"class":114},[68,53044,13142],{"class":118},[68,53046,203],{"class":114},[68,53048,472],{"class":78},[68,53050,197],{"class":114},[68,53052,17488],{"class":118},[68,53054,203],{"class":114},[68,53056,730],{"class":78},[20,53058,53059],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53061,31117,53062,236],{},[49,53063,53065],{"href":53064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[93,53067,53069],{"id":53068},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53071,53072],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[59,53074,53076],{"className":61,"code":53075,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53077,53078,53086,53090,53104,53122,53136,53162,53184,53188],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53079,53080,53082,53084],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53081,7817],{"class":106},[68,53083,111],{"class":110},[68,53085,7877],{"class":78},[68,53087,53088],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53089,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53091,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53093,7848],{"class":106},[68,53095,236],{"class":78},[68,53097,13585],{"class":138},[68,53099,79],{"class":78},[68,53101,438],{"class":160},[68,53103,85],{"class":78},[68,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53107,7848],{"class":106},[68,53109,236],{"class":78},[68,53111,13585],{"class":138},[68,53113,79],{"class":78},[68,53115,344],{"class":114},[68,53117,347],{"class":118},[68,53119,344],{"class":114},[68,53121,85],{"class":78},[68,53123,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,53125,7848],{"class":106},[68,53127,236],{"class":78},[68,53129,13585],{"class":138},[68,53131,79],{"class":78},[68,53133,290],{"class":526},[68,53135,85],{"class":78},[68,53137,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,53139,7848],{"class":106},[68,53141,236],{"class":78},[68,53143,13585],{"class":138},[68,53145,494],{"class":78},[68,53147,344],{"class":114},[68,53149,139],{"class":118},[68,53151,344],{"class":114},[68,53153,503],{"class":78},[68,53155,115],{"class":114},[68,53157,7714],{"class":118},[68,53159,344],{"class":114},[68,53161,1240],{"class":78},[68,53163,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,53165,7848],{"class":106},[68,53167,236],{"class":78},[68,53169,13585],{"class":138},[68,53171,466],{"class":78},[68,53173,469],{"class":160},[68,53175,472],{"class":78},[68,53177,475],{"class":160},[68,53179,472],{"class":78},[68,53181,480],{"class":160},[68,53183,3933],{"class":78},[68,53185,53186],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,53187,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,53191,129],{"class":128},[68,53193,79],{"class":78},[68,53195,7848],{"class":138},[68,53197,85],{"class":78},[20,53199,180],{},[59,53201,53203],{"className":61,"code":53202,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53204,53205],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53206,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53208,795],{"class":78},[68,53210,438],{"class":160},[68,53212,472],{"class":78},[68,53214,197],{"class":114},[68,53216,347],{"class":118},[68,53218,203],{"class":114},[68,53220,472],{"class":78},[68,53222,3960],{"class":526},[68,53224,472],{"class":78},[68,53226,1221],{"class":78},[68,53228,203],{"class":114},[68,53230,139],{"class":118},[68,53232,203],{"class":114},[68,53234,503],{"class":78},[68,53236,197],{"class":114},[68,53238,7714],{"class":118},[68,53240,203],{"class":114},[68,53242,53243],{"class":78},"},",[68,53245,725],{"class":78},[68,53247,469],{"class":160},[68,53249,472],{"class":78},[68,53251,475],{"class":160},[68,53253,472],{"class":78},[68,53255,480],{"class":160},[68,53257,53258],{"class":78},"]]\n",[20,53260,53261,53262,42185,53264,236],{},"A list added with ",[15,53263,52668],{},[1301,53265,53266],{},"one single item",[59,53268,53270],{"className":61,"code":53269,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53271,53272,53288,53306,53310],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53273,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53275,3663],{"class":106},[68,53277,111],{"class":110},[68,53279,725],{"class":78},[68,53281,469],{"class":160},[68,53283,472],{"class":78},[68,53285,475],{"class":160},[68,53287,730],{"class":78},[68,53289,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53291,3693],{"class":106},[68,53293,236],{"class":78},[68,53295,13585],{"class":138},[68,53297,466],{"class":78},[68,53299,2135],{"class":160},[68,53301,472],{"class":78},[68,53303,2521],{"class":160},[68,53305,3933],{"class":78},[68,53307,53308],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53309,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53311,53312,53314,53316,53318],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53313,129],{"class":128},[68,53315,79],{"class":78},[68,53317,3693],{"class":138},[68,53319,85],{"class":78},[20,53321,180],{},[59,53323,53325],{"className":61,"code":53324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53326,53327],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53328,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53330,795],{"class":78},[68,53332,469],{"class":160},[68,53334,472],{"class":78},[68,53336,475],{"class":160},[68,53338,472],{"class":78},[68,53340,725],{"class":78},[68,53342,2135],{"class":160},[68,53344,472],{"class":78},[68,53346,2521],{"class":160},[68,53348,53258],{"class":78},[20,53350,2353,53351,53354],{},[15,53352,53353],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53356,53357,53358,53364],{},"This is different from ",[49,53359,53361],{"href":53360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53362,53363],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[93,53366,53368],{"id":53367},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53370,53371],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1470,53373,633,53375],{"id":53374},"using-append",[15,53376,52668],{},[59,53378,53379],{"className":61,"code":53269,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53380,53381,53397,53415,53419],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53382,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53384,3663],{"class":106},[68,53386,111],{"class":110},[68,53388,725],{"class":78},[68,53390,469],{"class":160},[68,53392,472],{"class":78},[68,53394,475],{"class":160},[68,53396,730],{"class":78},[68,53398,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53400,3693],{"class":106},[68,53402,236],{"class":78},[68,53404,13585],{"class":138},[68,53406,466],{"class":78},[68,53408,2135],{"class":160},[68,53410,472],{"class":78},[68,53412,2521],{"class":160},[68,53414,3933],{"class":78},[68,53416,53417],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53418,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53420,53421,53423,53425,53427],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53422,129],{"class":128},[68,53424,79],{"class":78},[68,53426,3693],{"class":138},[68,53428,85],{"class":78},[20,53430,180],{},[59,53432,53433],{"className":61,"code":53324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53434,53435],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53438,795],{"class":78},[68,53440,469],{"class":160},[68,53442,472],{"class":78},[68,53444,475],{"class":160},[68,53446,472],{"class":78},[68,53448,725],{"class":78},[68,53450,2135],{"class":160},[68,53452,472],{"class":78},[68,53454,2521],{"class":160},[68,53456,53258],{"class":78},[1470,53458,633,53460],{"id":53459},"using-extend",[15,53461,53462],{},"extend()",[59,53464,53466],{"className":61,"code":53465,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53467,53468,53484,53503,53507],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53469,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53471,3663],{"class":106},[68,53473,111],{"class":110},[68,53475,725],{"class":78},[68,53477,469],{"class":160},[68,53479,472],{"class":78},[68,53481,475],{"class":160},[68,53483,730],{"class":78},[68,53485,53486,53488,53490,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53487,3693],{"class":106},[68,53489,236],{"class":78},[68,53491,53492],{"class":138},"extend",[68,53494,466],{"class":78},[68,53496,2135],{"class":160},[68,53498,472],{"class":78},[68,53500,2521],{"class":160},[68,53502,3933],{"class":78},[68,53504,53505],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53506,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53508,53509,53511,53513,53515],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53510,129],{"class":128},[68,53512,79],{"class":78},[68,53514,3693],{"class":138},[68,53516,85],{"class":78},[20,53518,180],{},[59,53520,53522],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53523,53524],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53525,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53527,795],{"class":78},[68,53529,469],{"class":160},[68,53531,472],{"class":78},[68,53533,475],{"class":160},[68,53535,472],{"class":78},[68,53537,480],{"class":160},[68,53539,472],{"class":78},[68,53541,2521],{"class":160},[68,53543,730],{"class":78},[20,53545,53546],{},"The difference:",[33,53548,53549,53555,53561,53566],{},[36,53550,53551,53554],{},[15,53552,53553],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,53556,53557,53560],{},[15,53558,53559],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,53562,224,53563,53565],{},[15,53564,52668],{}," for one item",[36,53567,224,53568,53570],{},[15,53569,53462],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53572,53573,53574,236],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[49,53575,53576],{"href":53360},"Python list extend() method",[93,53578,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,53580,53582],{"id":53581},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53584,25724],{},[59,53586,53588],{"className":61,"code":53587,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53589,53590,53610,53628,53632],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53593,7817],{"class":106},[68,53595,111],{"class":110},[68,53597,725],{"class":78},[68,53599,469],{"class":160},[68,53601,472],{"class":78},[68,53603,475],{"class":160},[68,53605,472],{"class":78},[68,53607,480],{"class":160},[68,53609,730],{"class":78},[68,53611,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53613,7817],{"class":106},[68,53615,111],{"class":110},[68,53617,6006],{"class":106},[68,53619,236],{"class":78},[68,53621,13585],{"class":138},[68,53623,79],{"class":78},[68,53625,2568],{"class":160},[68,53627,85],{"class":78},[68,53629,53630],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53631,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53633,53634,53636,53638,53640],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53635,129],{"class":128},[68,53637,79],{"class":78},[68,53639,7848],{"class":138},[68,53641,85],{"class":78},[20,53643,180],{},[59,53645,53646],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53647,53648],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53649,53650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53651,11840],{"class":526},[20,53653,11932],{},[33,53655,53656,53661,53667],{},[36,53657,53658,53660],{},[15,53659,52668],{}," changes the list in place",[36,53662,53663,1541,53665],{},[15,53664,52668],{},[15,53666,3824],{},[36,53668,53669,53670,53673,53674],{},"So ",[15,53671,53672],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53675,3824],{},[20,53677,10837],{},[59,53679,53681],{"className":61,"code":53680,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53682,53683,53703,53717,53721],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53684,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53686,7817],{"class":106},[68,53688,111],{"class":110},[68,53690,725],{"class":78},[68,53692,469],{"class":160},[68,53694,472],{"class":78},[68,53696,475],{"class":160},[68,53698,472],{"class":78},[68,53700,480],{"class":160},[68,53702,730],{"class":78},[68,53704,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53706,7848],{"class":106},[68,53708,236],{"class":78},[68,53710,13585],{"class":138},[68,53712,79],{"class":78},[68,53714,2568],{"class":160},[68,53716,85],{"class":78},[68,53718,53719],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53720,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53722,53723,53725,53727,53729],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53724,129],{"class":128},[68,53726,79],{"class":78},[68,53728,7848],{"class":138},[68,53730,85],{"class":78},[20,53732,180],{},[59,53734,53735],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53736,53737],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53740,795],{"class":78},[68,53742,469],{"class":160},[68,53744,472],{"class":78},[68,53746,475],{"class":160},[68,53748,472],{"class":78},[68,53750,480],{"class":160},[68,53752,472],{"class":78},[68,53754,2521],{"class":160},[68,53756,730],{"class":78},[1470,53758,53760],{"id":53759},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53762,18947],{},[59,53764,53766],{"className":61,"code":53765,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53767,53768,53792],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53769,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53771,31917],{"class":106},[68,53773,111],{"class":110},[68,53775,725],{"class":78},[68,53777,469],{"class":160},[68,53779,472],{"class":78},[68,53781,475],{"class":160},[68,53783,13582],{"class":78},[68,53785,13585],{"class":138},[68,53787,79],{"class":78},[68,53789,2135],{"class":160},[68,53791,85],{"class":78},[68,53793,53794,53796,53798,53800],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53795,129],{"class":128},[68,53797,79],{"class":78},[68,53799,31936],{"class":138},[68,53801,85],{"class":78},[20,53803,180],{},[59,53805,53806],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53807,53808],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53809,53810],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53811,11840],{"class":526},[20,53813,53814,53815,53817],{},"Remember: ",[15,53816,52668],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1470,53819,53821],{"id":53820},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[59,53823,53824],{"className":61,"code":53269,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53825,53826,53842,53860,53864],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53827,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53829,3663],{"class":106},[68,53831,111],{"class":110},[68,53833,725],{"class":78},[68,53835,469],{"class":160},[68,53837,472],{"class":78},[68,53839,475],{"class":160},[68,53841,730],{"class":78},[68,53843,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53845,3693],{"class":106},[68,53847,236],{"class":78},[68,53849,13585],{"class":138},[68,53851,466],{"class":78},[68,53853,2135],{"class":160},[68,53855,472],{"class":78},[68,53857,2521],{"class":160},[68,53859,3933],{"class":78},[68,53861,53862],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53863,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53865,53866,53868,53870,53872],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53867,129],{"class":128},[68,53869,79],{"class":78},[68,53871,3693],{"class":138},[68,53873,85],{"class":78},[20,53875,180],{},[59,53877,53878],{"className":61,"code":53324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,53879,53880],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53883,795],{"class":78},[68,53885,469],{"class":160},[68,53887,472],{"class":78},[68,53889,475],{"class":160},[68,53891,472],{"class":78},[68,53893,725],{"class":78},[68,53895,2135],{"class":160},[68,53897,472],{"class":78},[68,53899,2521],{"class":160},[68,53901,53258],{"class":78},[20,53903,3225,53904,53907,53908,6670],{},[15,53905,53906],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53909,53462],{},[1470,53911,53913],{"id":53912},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53915,53916,53918],{},[15,53917,52668],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53920,53921,53922,236],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[49,53923,53925],{"href":53924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53926,53927],{},"list.insert()",[20,53929,326],{},[59,53931,53933],{"className":61,"code":53932,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53934,53935,53959,53982,53986],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,53936,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,53938,36122],{"class":106},[68,53940,111],{"class":110},[68,53942,725],{"class":78},[68,53944,344],{"class":114},[68,53946,49],{"class":118},[68,53948,344],{"class":114},[68,53950,472],{"class":78},[68,53952,115],{"class":114},[68,53954,9769],{"class":118},[68,53956,344],{"class":114},[68,53958,730],{"class":78},[68,53960,53961,53963,53965,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,53962,36175],{"class":106},[68,53964,236],{"class":78},[68,53966,53967],{"class":138},"insert",[68,53969,79],{"class":78},[68,53971,469],{"class":160},[68,53973,472],{"class":78},[68,53975,115],{"class":114},[68,53977,4806],{"class":118},[68,53979,344],{"class":114},[68,53981,85],{"class":78},[68,53983,53984],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,53985,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,53987,53988,53990,53992,53994],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,53989,129],{"class":128},[68,53991,79],{"class":78},[68,53993,36175],{"class":138},[68,53995,85],{"class":78},[20,53997,180],{},[59,53999,54000],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,54001,54002],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54003,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54005,795],{"class":78},[68,54007,203],{"class":114},[68,54009,49],{"class":118},[68,54011,203],{"class":114},[68,54013,472],{"class":78},[68,54015,197],{"class":114},[68,54017,4806],{"class":118},[68,54019,203],{"class":114},[68,54021,472],{"class":78},[68,54023,197],{"class":114},[68,54025,9769],{"class":118},[68,54027,203],{"class":114},[68,54029,730],{"class":78},[93,54031,54033],{"id":54032},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54035,54036,54038],{},[15,54037,52668],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54040,36458],{},[33,54042,54043,54046,54049,54052],{},[36,54044,54045],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,54047,54048],{},"collecting user input",[36,54050,54051],{},"storing results step by step",[36,54053,54054],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54056,54057],{},"Example with a loop:",[59,54059,54061],{"className":61,"code":54060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54062,54063,54072,54076,54097,54116,54120],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54064,54065,54068,54070],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54066,54067],{"class":106},"squares ",[68,54069,111],{"class":110},[68,54071,7877],{"class":78},[68,54073,54074],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54075,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54077,54078,54080,54082,54084,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54079,5998],{"class":1098},[68,54081,6428],{"class":106},[68,54083,3927],{"class":1098},[68,54085,54086],{"class":128}," range",[68,54088,79],{"class":78},[68,54090,469],{"class":160},[68,54092,472],{"class":78},[68,54094,4650],{"class":160},[68,54096,1113],{"class":78},[68,54098,54099,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54100,54101],{"class":106},"    squares",[68,54103,236],{"class":78},[68,54105,13585],{"class":138},[68,54107,79],{"class":78},[68,54109,155],{"class":138},[68,54111,39907],{"class":110},[68,54113,2265],{"class":138},[68,54115,85],{"class":78},[68,54117,54118],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,54119,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54121,54122,54124,54126,54129],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,54123,129],{"class":128},[68,54125,79],{"class":78},[68,54127,54128],{"class":138},"squares",[68,54130,85],{"class":78},[20,54132,180],{},[59,54134,54136],{"className":61,"code":54135,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54137,54138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54139,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54153,54155,54157],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54141,795],{"class":78},[68,54143,469],{"class":160},[68,54145,472],{"class":78},[68,54147,2521],{"class":160},[68,54149,472],{"class":78},[68,54151,54152],{"class":160}," 9",[68,54154,472],{"class":78},[68,54156,14020],{"class":160},[68,54158,730],{"class":78},[93,54160,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,54162,54164],{"id":54163},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54166,1909,54167,54169,54170,236],{},[15,54168,52668],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54171,3824],{},[1470,54173,54175],{"id":54174},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54177,54178,54179,236],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[49,54180,54181],{"href":53360},[15,54182,53462],{},[1470,54184,54186],{"id":54185},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54188,54189],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54191,326],{},[59,54193,54195],{"className":61,"code":54194,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54196,54197,54213,54231,54235],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54198,54199,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209,54211],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54200,9197],{"class":106},[68,54202,111],{"class":110},[68,54204,725],{"class":78},[68,54206,469],{"class":160},[68,54208,472],{"class":78},[68,54210,475],{"class":160},[68,54212,730],{"class":78},[68,54214,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54216,9234],{"class":106},[68,54218,236],{"class":78},[68,54220,13585],{"class":138},[68,54222,466],{"class":78},[68,54224,2135],{"class":160},[68,54226,472],{"class":78},[68,54228,2521],{"class":160},[68,54230,3933],{"class":78},[68,54232,54233],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54234,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54236,54237,54239,54241,54243],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54238,129],{"class":128},[68,54240,79],{"class":78},[68,54242,9234],{"class":138},[68,54244,85],{"class":78},[20,54246,180],{},[59,54248,54249],{"className":61,"code":53324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,54250,54251],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54254,795],{"class":78},[68,54256,469],{"class":160},[68,54258,472],{"class":78},[68,54260,475],{"class":160},[68,54262,472],{"class":78},[68,54264,725],{"class":78},[68,54266,2135],{"class":160},[68,54268,472],{"class":78},[68,54270,2521],{"class":160},[68,54272,53258],{"class":78},[1470,54274,54276],{"id":54275},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54278,54279,54281,54282,54285],{},[15,54280,52668],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54283,54284],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[93,54287,1952],{"id":1951},[33,54289,54290,54295,54299,54304,54308],{},[36,54291,54292],{},[49,54293,54294],{"href":53064},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,54296,54297],{},[49,54298,53576],{"href":53360},[36,54300,54301],{},[49,54302,54303],{"href":53924},"Python list insert() method",[36,54305,54306],{},[49,54307,52787],{"href":50994},[36,54309,54310],{},[49,54311,54313],{"href":54312},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1995,54315,54316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":54318},[54319,54320,54321,54322,54323,54324,54330,54336,54337,54343],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":52747,"depth":125,"text":52748},{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":53068,"depth":125,"text":53069},{"id":53367,"depth":125,"text":53368,"children":54325},[54326,54328],{"id":53374,"depth":145,"text":54327},"Using append()",{"id":53459,"depth":145,"text":54329},"Using extend()",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":54331},[54332,54333,54334,54335],{"id":53581,"depth":145,"text":53582},{"id":53759,"depth":145,"text":53760},{"id":53820,"depth":145,"text":53821},{"id":53912,"depth":145,"text":53913},{"id":54032,"depth":125,"text":54033},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":54338},[54339,54340,54341,54342],{"id":54163,"depth":145,"text":54164},{"id":54174,"depth":145,"text":54175},{"id":54185,"depth":145,"text":54186},{"id":54275,"depth":145,"text":54276},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52658,"description":54344},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54351,"title":54352,"body":54353,"description":55597,"extension":2033,"meta":55598,"navigation":148,"path":55599,"seo":55600,"stem":55601,"__hash__":55602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54354,"toc":55562},[54355,54361,54367,54373,54375,54423,54428,54433,54437,54453,54459,54461,54464,54479,54481,54492,54494,54496,54553,54555,54563,54565,54581,54587,54589,54595,54599,54683,54686,54735,54742,54750,54753,54767,54780,54786,54861,54868,54875,54949,54957,54960,54971,54980,54984,54988,54999,55001,55078,55099,55101,55111,55114,55162,55164,55185,55188,55190,55241,55247,55254,55321,55327,55333,55336,55363,55368,55374,55377,55449,55452,55463,55469,55471,55477,55480,55486,55492,55499,55507,55513,55519,55521,55559],[10,54356,54358,54359,11352],{"id":54357},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54360,11351],{},[20,54362,54363,54366],{},[15,54364,54365],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54368,54369,54370,54372],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1301,54371,11364],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[93,54374,96],{"id":95},[59,54376,54378],{"className":61,"code":54377,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54379,54380,54400,54410],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54381,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54383,7817],{"class":106},[68,54385,111],{"class":110},[68,54387,725],{"class":78},[68,54389,469],{"class":160},[68,54391,472],{"class":78},[68,54393,475],{"class":160},[68,54395,472],{"class":78},[68,54397,480],{"class":160},[68,54399,730],{"class":78},[68,54401,54402,54404,54406,54408],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54403,7848],{"class":106},[68,54405,236],{"class":78},[68,54407,11413],{"class":138},[68,54409,8677],{"class":78},[68,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54413,129],{"class":128},[68,54415,79],{"class":78},[68,54417,7848],{"class":138},[68,54419,1701],{"class":78},[68,54421,54422],{"class":3708},"  # []\n",[20,54424,224,54425,54427],{},[15,54426,11351],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[93,54429,3722,54431,3725],{"id":54430},"what-listclear-does",[15,54432,54365],{},[20,54434,54435,503],{},[15,54436,54365],{},[33,54438,54439,54442,54445,54450],{},[36,54440,54441],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,54443,54444],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,54446,54447,54448],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54449,3833],{},[36,54451,54452],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54454,54455,54456,54458],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54457,11351],{},", but it contains no values.",[93,54460,303],{"id":302},[20,54462,54463],{},"Syntax:",[59,54465,54467],{"className":61,"code":54466,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54468,54469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54470,54471,54473,54475,54477],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54472,8374],{"class":106},[68,54474,236],{"class":78},[68,54476,11413],{"class":138},[68,54478,8677],{"class":78},[20,54480,11489],{},[33,54482,54483,54486,54489],{},[36,54484,54485],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,54487,54488],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,54490,54491],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[93,54493,11506],{"id":11505},[20,54495,11509],{},[59,54497,54499],{"className":61,"code":54498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54500,54501,54525,54529,54539,54543],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54502,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54504,3663],{"class":106},[68,54506,111],{"class":110},[68,54508,725],{"class":78},[68,54510,438],{"class":160},[68,54512,472],{"class":78},[68,54514,7828],{"class":160},[68,54516,472],{"class":78},[68,54518,7833],{"class":160},[68,54520,472],{"class":78},[68,54522,50858],{"class":160},[68,54524,730],{"class":78},[68,54526,54527],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54528,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54530,54531,54533,54535,54537],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54532,3693],{"class":106},[68,54534,236],{"class":78},[68,54536,11413],{"class":138},[68,54538,8677],{"class":78},[68,54540,54541],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54542,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54544,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,54546,129],{"class":128},[68,54548,79],{"class":78},[68,54550,3693],{"class":138},[68,54552,85],{"class":78},[20,54554,180],{},[59,54556,54557],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,54558,54559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54560,54561],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54562,38331],{"class":78},[20,54564,11715],{},[33,54566,54567,54572,54578],{},[36,54568,54569,54571],{},[15,54570,3693],{}," starts with four items",[36,54573,54574,54577],{},[15,54575,54576],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,54579,54580],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54582,54583,54584,236],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[49,54585,52787],{"href":54586},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[93,54588,17451],{"id":17450},[20,54590,54591,1541,54593,236],{},[15,54592,11351],{},[15,54594,3824],{},[20,54596,1524,54597,52683],{},[1301,54598,1303],{},[59,54600,54602],{"className":61,"code":54601,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54603,54604,54636,54640,54654,54658,54671],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54605,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54607,7817],{"class":106},[68,54609,111],{"class":110},[68,54611,725],{"class":78},[68,54613,344],{"class":114},[68,54615,49],{"class":118},[68,54617,344],{"class":114},[68,54619,472],{"class":78},[68,54621,115],{"class":114},[68,54623,4806],{"class":118},[68,54625,344],{"class":114},[68,54627,472],{"class":78},[68,54629,115],{"class":114},[68,54631,9769],{"class":118},[68,54633,344],{"class":114},[68,54635,730],{"class":78},[68,54637,54638],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54639,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54641,54642,54644,54646,54648,54650,54652],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54643,2297],{"class":106},[68,54645,111],{"class":110},[68,54647,6006],{"class":106},[68,54649,236],{"class":78},[68,54651,11413],{"class":138},[68,54653,8677],{"class":78},[68,54655,54656],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54657,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54659,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,54661,129],{"class":128},[68,54663,79],{"class":78},[68,54665,7848],{"class":138},[68,54667,1701],{"class":78},[68,54669,54670],{"class":3708},"   # []\n",[68,54672,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,54674,129],{"class":128},[68,54676,79],{"class":78},[68,54678,2331],{"class":138},[68,54680,1701],{"class":78},[68,54682,20910],{"class":3708},[20,54684,54685],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[59,54687,54689],{"className":61,"code":54688,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54690,54691,54711,54725],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54692,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54694,7817],{"class":106},[68,54696,111],{"class":110},[68,54698,725],{"class":78},[68,54700,469],{"class":160},[68,54702,472],{"class":78},[68,54704,475],{"class":160},[68,54706,472],{"class":78},[68,54708,480],{"class":160},[68,54710,730],{"class":78},[68,54712,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54714,7817],{"class":106},[68,54716,111],{"class":110},[68,54718,6006],{"class":106},[68,54720,236],{"class":78},[68,54722,11413],{"class":138},[68,54724,8677],{"class":78},[68,54726,54727,54729,54731,54733],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54728,129],{"class":128},[68,54730,79],{"class":78},[68,54732,7848],{"class":138},[68,54734,85],{"class":78},[20,54736,11948,54737,42185,54739,54741],{},[15,54738,7848],{},[15,54740,3824],{},", not an empty list.",[93,54743,54745,54747,54748],{"id":54744},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54746,11351],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54749,3833],{},[20,54751,54752],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[59,54754,54755],{"className":61,"code":54466,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,54756,54757],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54758,54759,54761,54763,54765],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54760,8374],{"class":106},[68,54762,236],{"class":78},[68,54764,11413],{"class":138},[68,54766,8677],{"class":78},[59,54768,54770],{"className":61,"code":54769,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = []\n",[15,54771,54772],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54773,54774,54776,54778],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54775,8343],{"class":106},[68,54777,111],{"class":110},[68,54779,7877],{"class":78},[1470,54781,54783,54785],{"id":54782},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54784,11351],{}," empties the same list object",[59,54787,54789],{"className":61,"code":54788,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54790,54791,54811,54819,54823,54833,54837,54849],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54792,54793,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54794,2618],{"class":106},[68,54796,111],{"class":110},[68,54798,725],{"class":78},[68,54800,469],{"class":160},[68,54802,472],{"class":78},[68,54804,475],{"class":160},[68,54806,472],{"class":78},[68,54808,480],{"class":160},[68,54810,730],{"class":78},[68,54812,54813,54815,54817],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54814,2646],{"class":106},[68,54816,111],{"class":110},[68,54818,36207],{"class":106},[68,54820,54821],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54822,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54826,49],{"class":106},[68,54828,236],{"class":78},[68,54830,11413],{"class":138},[68,54832,8677],{"class":78},[68,54834,54835],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,54836,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54838,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,54840,129],{"class":128},[68,54842,79],{"class":78},[68,54844,49],{"class":138},[68,54846,1701],{"class":78},[68,54848,54422],{"class":3708},[68,54850,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,54852,129],{"class":128},[68,54854,79],{"class":78},[68,54856,4806],{"class":138},[68,54858,1701],{"class":78},[68,54860,54422],{"class":3708},[20,54862,10619,54863,232,54865,54867],{},[15,54864,49],{},[15,54866,4806],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1470,54869,54871,54874],{"id":54870},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54872,54873],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[59,54876,54878],{"className":61,"code":54877,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54879,54880,54900,54908,54912,54920,54924,54936],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,54881,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892,54894,54896,54898],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,54883,2618],{"class":106},[68,54885,111],{"class":110},[68,54887,725],{"class":78},[68,54889,469],{"class":160},[68,54891,472],{"class":78},[68,54893,475],{"class":160},[68,54895,472],{"class":78},[68,54897,480],{"class":160},[68,54899,730],{"class":78},[68,54901,54902,54904,54906],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,54903,2646],{"class":106},[68,54905,111],{"class":110},[68,54907,36207],{"class":106},[68,54909,54910],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,54911,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54913,54914,54916,54918],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,54915,2618],{"class":106},[68,54917,111],{"class":110},[68,54919,7877],{"class":78},[68,54921,54922],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,54923,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,54925,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,54927,129],{"class":128},[68,54929,79],{"class":78},[68,54931,49],{"class":138},[68,54933,1701],{"class":78},[68,54935,54422],{"class":3708},[68,54937,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,54939,129],{"class":128},[68,54941,79],{"class":78},[68,54943,4806],{"class":138},[68,54945,1701],{"class":78},[68,54947,54948],{"class":3708},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54950,20805,54951,54953,54954,54956],{},[15,54952,49],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54955,4806],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54958,54959],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,54961,54962,54965,54968],{},[36,54963,54964],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,54966,54967],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,54969,54970],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54972,54973,54974,236],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[49,54975,54977,54978,10770],{"href":54976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54979,12809],{},[93,54981,1311,54982],{"id":12470},[15,54983,11351],{},[20,54985,224,54986,6359],{},[15,54987,11351],{},[33,54989,54990,54993,54996],{},[36,54991,54992],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,54994,54995],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,54997,54998],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55000,326],{},[59,55002,55004],{"className":61,"code":55003,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55005,55006,55042,55046,55051,55062,55066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55007,55008,55011,55013,55015,55017,55020,55022,55024,55026,55029,55031,55033,55035,55038,55040],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55009,55010],{"class":106},"shopping_cart ",[68,55012,111],{"class":110},[68,55014,725],{"class":78},[68,55016,344],{"class":114},[68,55018,55019],{"class":118},"milk",[68,55021,344],{"class":114},[68,55023,472],{"class":78},[68,55025,115],{"class":114},[68,55027,55028],{"class":118},"bread",[68,55030,344],{"class":114},[68,55032,472],{"class":78},[68,55034,115],{"class":114},[68,55036,55037],{"class":118},"eggs",[68,55039,344],{"class":114},[68,55041,730],{"class":78},[68,55043,55044],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55045,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55047,55048],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55049,55050],{"class":3708},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[68,55052,55053,55056,55058,55060],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55054,55055],{"class":106},"shopping_cart",[68,55057,236],{"class":78},[68,55059,11413],{"class":138},[68,55061,8677],{"class":78},[68,55063,55064],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,55065,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55067,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,55069,129],{"class":128},[68,55071,79],{"class":78},[68,55073,55055],{"class":138},[68,55075,1701],{"class":78},[68,55077,54422],{"class":3708},[20,55079,55080,55081,55085,55086,55092,55093,236],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[49,55082,55084],{"href":55083},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[49,55087,55089,10770],{"href":55088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55090,55091],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[49,55094,55096,10770],{"href":55095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55097,55098],{},"list.pop()",[93,55100,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,55102,55104,55105,1776,55108],{"id":55103},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55106,55107],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55109,55110],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55112,55113],{},"This does not call the method.",[59,55115,55117],{"className":61,"code":55116,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55118,55119,55139,55143,55152],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55120,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129,55131,55133,55135,55137],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55122,7817],{"class":106},[68,55124,111],{"class":110},[68,55126,725],{"class":78},[68,55128,469],{"class":160},[68,55130,472],{"class":78},[68,55132,475],{"class":160},[68,55134,472],{"class":78},[68,55136,480],{"class":160},[68,55138,730],{"class":78},[68,55140,55141],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55142,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55144,55145,55147,55149],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55146,7848],{"class":106},[68,55148,236],{"class":78},[68,55150,55151],{"class":1267},"clear\n",[68,55153,55154,55156,55158,55160],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55155,129],{"class":128},[68,55157,79],{"class":78},[68,55159,7848],{"class":138},[68,55161,85],{"class":78},[20,55163,180],{},[59,55165,55167],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55168,55169],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55170,55171,55173,55175,55177,55179,55181,55183],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55172,795],{"class":78},[68,55174,469],{"class":160},[68,55176,472],{"class":78},[68,55178,475],{"class":160},[68,55180,472],{"class":78},[68,55182,480],{"class":160},[68,55184,730],{"class":78},[20,55186,55187],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55189,10837],{},[59,55191,55193],{"className":61,"code":55192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55194,55195,55215,55219,55229],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55196,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55198,7817],{"class":106},[68,55200,111],{"class":110},[68,55202,725],{"class":78},[68,55204,469],{"class":160},[68,55206,472],{"class":78},[68,55208,475],{"class":160},[68,55210,472],{"class":78},[68,55212,480],{"class":160},[68,55214,730],{"class":78},[68,55216,55217],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55218,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55220,55221,55223,55225,55227],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55222,7848],{"class":106},[68,55224,236],{"class":78},[68,55226,11413],{"class":138},[68,55228,8677],{"class":78},[68,55230,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55232,129],{"class":128},[68,55234,79],{"class":78},[68,55236,7848],{"class":138},[68,55238,1701],{"class":78},[68,55240,54422],{"class":3708},[1470,55242,1770,55244,55246],{"id":55243},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55245,11351],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55248,55249,1541,55251,55253],{},[15,55250,11351],{},[15,55252,3824],{},", not the list.",[59,55255,55257],{"className":61,"code":55256,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55258,55259,55279,55293,55297,55309],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55260,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55262,7817],{"class":106},[68,55264,111],{"class":110},[68,55266,725],{"class":78},[68,55268,469],{"class":160},[68,55270,472],{"class":78},[68,55272,475],{"class":160},[68,55274,472],{"class":78},[68,55276,480],{"class":160},[68,55278,730],{"class":78},[68,55280,55281,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55282,2297],{"class":106},[68,55284,111],{"class":110},[68,55286,6006],{"class":106},[68,55288,236],{"class":78},[68,55290,11413],{"class":138},[68,55292,8677],{"class":78},[68,55294,55295],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55296,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55298,55299,55301,55303,55305,55307],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55300,129],{"class":128},[68,55302,79],{"class":78},[68,55304,2331],{"class":138},[68,55306,1701],{"class":78},[68,55308,20910],{"class":3708},[68,55310,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,55312,129],{"class":128},[68,55314,79],{"class":78},[68,55316,7848],{"class":138},[68,55318,1701],{"class":78},[68,55320,54670],{"class":3708},[1470,55322,633,55324,55326],{"id":55323},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55325,11351],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55328,55329,55330,55332],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55331,11351],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55334,55335],{},"This will fail:",[59,55337,55339],{"className":61,"code":55338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55340,55341,55353],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55342,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55344,1345],{"class":106},[68,55346,111],{"class":110},[68,55348,115],{"class":114},[68,55350,347],{"class":118},[68,55352,122],{"class":114},[68,55354,55355,55357,55359,55361],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55356,1367],{"class":106},[68,55358,236],{"class":78},[68,55360,11413],{"class":138},[68,55362,8677],{"class":78},[20,55364,55365,55366,33634],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55367,11351],{},[20,55369,55370,55371,55373],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55372,3824],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55375,55376],{},"Useful checks:",[59,55378,55380],{"className":61,"code":55379,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55381,55382,55392,55406,55420,55429,55439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55383,55384,55386,55388,55390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55385,129],{"class":128},[68,55387,79],{"class":78},[68,55389,8374],{"class":138},[68,55391,85],{"class":78},[68,55393,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55395,129],{"class":128},[68,55397,79],{"class":78},[68,55399,75],{"class":74},[68,55401,79],{"class":78},[68,55403,8374],{"class":138},[68,55405,142],{"class":78},[68,55407,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55409,129],{"class":128},[68,55411,79],{"class":78},[68,55413,12681],{"class":128},[68,55415,79],{"class":78},[68,55417,8374],{"class":138},[68,55419,142],{"class":78},[68,55421,55422,55424,55426],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55423,43578],{"class":106},[68,55425,111],{"class":110},[68,55427,55428],{"class":106}," my_list\n",[68,55430,55431,55433,55435,55437],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,55432,8374],{"class":106},[68,55434,236],{"class":78},[68,55436,11413],{"class":138},[68,55438,8677],{"class":78},[68,55440,55441,55443,55445,55447],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,55442,129],{"class":128},[68,55444,79],{"class":78},[68,55446,30777],{"class":138},[68,55448,85],{"class":78},[20,55450,55451],{},"These can help you see:",[33,55453,55454,55457,55460],{},[36,55455,55456],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,55458,55459],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,55461,55462],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55464,55465,55466,236],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[49,55467,55468],{"href":54312},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[93,55470,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,55472,12736,55474,55476],{"id":55473},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55475,54365],{}," delete the list?",[20,55478,55479],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1470,55481,12736,55483,55485],{"id":55482},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55484,54365],{}," return a new list?",[20,55487,55488,55489,55491],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55490,3824],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1470,55493,5221,55495,232,55497,1906],{"id":55494},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55496,11351],{},[15,55498,54873],{},[20,55500,55501,55503,55504,55506],{},[15,55502,11351],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55505,54873],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1470,55508,28363,55510,55512],{"id":55509},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55511,11351],{}," on other types?",[20,55514,55515,55516,55518],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55517,11351],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[93,55520,1952],{"id":1951},[33,55522,55523,55527,55532,55539,55546,55552],{},[36,55524,55525],{},[49,55526,52787],{"href":54586},[36,55528,55529],{},[49,55530,55531],{"href":55083},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,55533,55534],{},[49,55535,55536,55537,10770],{"href":55095},"Python list ",[15,55538,12795],{},[36,55540,55541],{},[49,55542,55536,55543,10770],{"href":55088},[15,55544,55545],{},"remove()",[36,55547,55548],{},[49,55549,55536,55550,10770],{"href":54976},[15,55551,12809],{},[36,55553,55554],{},[49,55555,30382,55556,33667],{"href":54312},[15,55557,55558],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1995,55560,55561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":55563},[55564,55565,55567,55568,55569,55570,55577,55578,55586,55596],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":54430,"depth":125,"text":55566},"What list.clear() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":54744,"depth":125,"text":55571,"children":55572},"clear() vs assigning []",[55573,55575],{"id":54782,"depth":145,"text":55574},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54870,"depth":145,"text":55576},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12470,"depth":125,"text":12841},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":55579},[55580,55582,55584],{"id":55103,"depth":145,"text":55581},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55243,"depth":145,"text":55583},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55323,"depth":145,"text":55585},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":55587},[55588,55590,55592,55594],{"id":55473,"depth":145,"text":55589},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55482,"depth":145,"text":55591},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55494,"depth":145,"text":55593},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55509,"depth":145,"text":55595},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54352,"description":55597},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55604,"title":55605,"body":55606,"description":57290,"extension":2033,"meta":57291,"navigation":148,"path":57292,"seo":57293,"stem":57294,"__hash__":57295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55607,"toc":57258},[55608,55613,55619,55627,55629,55718,55725,55730,55734,55748,55750,55827,55829,55890,55893,55895,55897,55918,55921,55935,55938,55983,55985,55993,55996,56002,56008,56011,56088,56090,56135,56138,56143,56226,56228,56269,56274,56278,56284,56286,56294,56297,56390,56392,56450,56453,56469,56474,56484,56489,56491,56496,56501,56504,56506,56563,56566,56619,56625,56630,56634,56651,56653,56737,56739,56780,56788,56790,56795,56801,56803,56866,56871,56941,56945,56980,56983,56985,57024,57028,57104,57110,57116,57121,57143,57146,57165,57173,57175,57181,57184,57191,57199,57204,57207,57211,57217,57224,57227,57229,57255],[10,55609,54358,55611,11352],{"id":55610},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55612,12809],{},[20,55614,55615,55618],{},[15,55616,55617],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55620,55621,55622,14086,55624,55626],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55623,111],{},[1301,55625,1303],{}," make a real copy.",[93,55628,2075],{"id":2074},[59,55630,55632],{"className":61,"code":55631,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55633,55634,55654,55669,55673,55688,55692,55705],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55635,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55637,3663],{"class":106},[68,55639,111],{"class":110},[68,55641,725],{"class":78},[68,55643,469],{"class":160},[68,55645,472],{"class":78},[68,55647,475],{"class":160},[68,55649,472],{"class":78},[68,55651,480],{"class":160},[68,55653,730],{"class":78},[68,55655,55656,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55657,55658],{"class":106},"new_numbers ",[68,55660,111],{"class":110},[68,55662,4308],{"class":106},[68,55664,236],{"class":78},[68,55666,12944],{"class":138},[68,55668,8677],{"class":78},[68,55670,55671],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55672,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55674,55675,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55676,55677],{"class":106},"new_numbers",[68,55679,236],{"class":78},[68,55681,13585],{"class":138},[68,55683,79],{"class":78},[68,55685,2568],{"class":160},[68,55687,85],{"class":78},[68,55689,55690],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,55691,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55693,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,55695,129],{"class":128},[68,55697,79],{"class":78},[68,55699,3693],{"class":138},[68,55701,1701],{"class":78},[68,55703,55704],{"class":3708},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[68,55706,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,55708,129],{"class":128},[68,55710,79],{"class":78},[68,55712,55677],{"class":138},[68,55714,1701],{"class":78},[68,55716,55717],{"class":3708},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55719,224,55720,55722,55723,236],{},[15,55721,55617],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1301,55724,12883],{},[93,55726,3722,55728,3725],{"id":55727},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55729,55617],{},[20,55731,55732,503],{},[15,55733,55617],{},[33,55735,55736,55739,55742,55745],{},[36,55737,55738],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,55740,55741],{},"Returns that new list",[36,55743,55744],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,55746,55747],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55749,326],{},[59,55751,55753],{"className":61,"code":55752,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55754,55755,55787,55802,55806,55816],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55756,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55758,36271],{"class":106},[68,55760,111],{"class":110},[68,55762,725],{"class":78},[68,55764,344],{"class":114},[68,55766,4123],{"class":118},[68,55768,344],{"class":114},[68,55770,472],{"class":78},[68,55772,115],{"class":114},[68,55774,4132],{"class":118},[68,55776,344],{"class":114},[68,55778,472],{"class":78},[68,55780,115],{"class":114},[68,55782,33254],{"class":118},[68,55784,344],{"class":114},[68,55786,730],{"class":78},[68,55788,55789,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55790,55791],{"class":106},"copied_fruits ",[68,55793,111],{"class":110},[68,55795,52867],{"class":106},[68,55797,236],{"class":78},[68,55799,12944],{"class":138},[68,55801,8677],{"class":78},[68,55803,55804],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55805,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55807,55808,55810,55812,55814],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55809,129],{"class":128},[68,55811,79],{"class":78},[68,55813,36323],{"class":138},[68,55815,85],{"class":78},[68,55817,55818,55820,55822,55825],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,55819,129],{"class":128},[68,55821,79],{"class":78},[68,55823,55824],{"class":138},"copied_fruits",[68,55826,85],{"class":78},[20,55828,180],{},[59,55830,55832],{"className":61,"code":55831,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55833,55834,55862],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55835,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55837,795],{"class":78},[68,55839,203],{"class":114},[68,55841,4123],{"class":118},[68,55843,203],{"class":114},[68,55845,472],{"class":78},[68,55847,197],{"class":114},[68,55849,4132],{"class":118},[68,55851,203],{"class":114},[68,55853,472],{"class":78},[68,55855,197],{"class":114},[68,55857,33254],{"class":118},[68,55859,203],{"class":114},[68,55861,730],{"class":78},[68,55863,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55865,795],{"class":78},[68,55867,203],{"class":114},[68,55869,4123],{"class":118},[68,55871,203],{"class":114},[68,55873,472],{"class":78},[68,55875,197],{"class":114},[68,55877,4132],{"class":118},[68,55879,203],{"class":114},[68,55881,472],{"class":78},[68,55883,197],{"class":114},[68,55885,33254],{"class":118},[68,55887,203],{"class":114},[68,55889,730],{"class":78},[20,55891,55892],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[93,55894,303],{"id":302},[20,55896,2231],{},[59,55898,55900],{"className":61,"code":55899,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55901,55902],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55903,55904,55907,55909,55912,55914,55916],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55905,55906],{"class":106},"new_list ",[68,55908,111],{"class":110},[68,55910,55911],{"class":106}," old_list",[68,55913,236],{"class":78},[68,55915,12944],{"class":138},[68,55917,8677],{"class":78},[20,55919,55920],{},"How it works:",[33,55922,55923,55929,55932],{},[36,55924,55925,55926,55928],{},"Call ",[15,55927,12809],{}," on an existing list",[36,55930,55931],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,55933,55934],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55936,55937],{},"Example with an empty list:",[59,55939,55941],{"className":61,"code":55940,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55942,55943,55952,55968,55972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55944,55945,55948,55950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55946,55947],{"class":106},"empty_list ",[68,55949,111],{"class":110},[68,55951,7877],{"class":78},[68,55953,55954,55957,55959,55962,55964,55966],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,55955,55956],{"class":106},"new_empty_list ",[68,55958,111],{"class":110},[68,55960,55961],{"class":106}," empty_list",[68,55963,236],{"class":78},[68,55965,12944],{"class":138},[68,55967,8677],{"class":78},[68,55969,55970],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,55971,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,55973,55974,55976,55978,55981],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,55975,129],{"class":128},[68,55977,79],{"class":78},[68,55979,55980],{"class":138},"new_empty_list",[68,55982,85],{"class":78},[20,55984,180],{},[59,55986,55987],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,55988,55989],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,55990,55991],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,55992,38331],{"class":78},[20,55994,55995],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[93,55997,55999,56000],{"id":55998},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56001,111],{},[20,56003,633,56004,14086,56006,52683],{},[15,56005,111],{},[1301,56007,1303],{},[20,56009,56010],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[59,56012,56014],{"className":61,"code":56013,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56015,56016,56036,56045,56049,56064,56068,56078],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56017,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56019,3663],{"class":106},[68,56021,111],{"class":110},[68,56023,725],{"class":78},[68,56025,469],{"class":160},[68,56027,472],{"class":78},[68,56029,475],{"class":160},[68,56031,472],{"class":78},[68,56033,480],{"class":160},[68,56035,730],{"class":78},[68,56037,56038,56041,56043],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56039,56040],{"class":106},"same_list ",[68,56042,111],{"class":110},[68,56044,44011],{"class":106},[68,56046,56047],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56048,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56050,56051,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56052,56053],{"class":106},"same_list",[68,56055,236],{"class":78},[68,56057,13585],{"class":138},[68,56059,79],{"class":78},[68,56061,2568],{"class":160},[68,56063,85],{"class":78},[68,56065,56066],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56067,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56069,56070,56072,56074,56076],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,56071,129],{"class":128},[68,56073,79],{"class":78},[68,56075,3693],{"class":138},[68,56077,85],{"class":78},[68,56079,56080,56082,56084,56086],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,56081,129],{"class":128},[68,56083,79],{"class":78},[68,56085,56053],{"class":138},[68,56087,85],{"class":78},[20,56089,180],{},[59,56091,56093],{"className":61,"code":56092,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56094,56095,56115],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56096,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56098,795],{"class":78},[68,56100,469],{"class":160},[68,56102,472],{"class":78},[68,56104,475],{"class":160},[68,56106,472],{"class":78},[68,56108,480],{"class":160},[68,56110,472],{"class":78},[68,56112,2521],{"class":160},[68,56114,730],{"class":78},[68,56116,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129,56131,56133],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56118,795],{"class":78},[68,56120,469],{"class":160},[68,56122,472],{"class":78},[68,56124,475],{"class":160},[68,56126,472],{"class":78},[68,56128,480],{"class":160},[68,56130,472],{"class":78},[68,56132,2521],{"class":160},[68,56134,730],{"class":78},[20,56136,56137],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56139,56140,56141,503],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56142,12809],{},[59,56144,56146],{"className":61,"code":56145,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56147,56148,56168,56183,56187,56202,56206,56216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56149,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56151,3663],{"class":106},[68,56153,111],{"class":110},[68,56155,725],{"class":78},[68,56157,469],{"class":160},[68,56159,472],{"class":78},[68,56161,475],{"class":160},[68,56163,472],{"class":78},[68,56165,480],{"class":160},[68,56167,730],{"class":78},[68,56169,56170,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56171,56172],{"class":106},"copied_numbers ",[68,56174,111],{"class":110},[68,56176,4308],{"class":106},[68,56178,236],{"class":78},[68,56180,12944],{"class":138},[68,56182,8677],{"class":78},[68,56184,56185],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56186,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56188,56189,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56190,56191],{"class":106},"copied_numbers",[68,56193,236],{"class":78},[68,56195,13585],{"class":138},[68,56197,79],{"class":78},[68,56199,2568],{"class":160},[68,56201,85],{"class":78},[68,56203,56204],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56205,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56207,56208,56210,56212,56214],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,56209,129],{"class":128},[68,56211,79],{"class":78},[68,56213,3693],{"class":138},[68,56215,85],{"class":78},[68,56217,56218,56220,56222,56224],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,56219,129],{"class":128},[68,56221,79],{"class":78},[68,56223,56191],{"class":138},[68,56225,85],{"class":78},[20,56227,180],{},[59,56229,56231],{"className":61,"code":56230,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56232,56233,56249],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56234,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56236,795],{"class":78},[68,56238,469],{"class":160},[68,56240,472],{"class":78},[68,56242,475],{"class":160},[68,56244,472],{"class":78},[68,56246,480],{"class":160},[68,56248,730],{"class":78},[68,56250,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56252,795],{"class":78},[68,56254,469],{"class":160},[68,56256,472],{"class":78},[68,56258,475],{"class":160},[68,56260,472],{"class":78},[68,56262,480],{"class":160},[68,56264,472],{"class":78},[68,56266,2521],{"class":160},[68,56268,730],{"class":78},[20,56270,56271,56272,236],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[49,56273,52787],{"href":50994},[93,56275,56277],{"id":56276},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56279,56280,12880,56282,236],{},[15,56281,55617],{},[1301,56283,12883],{},[20,56285,2179],{},[33,56287,56288,56291],{},[36,56289,56290],{},"The outer list is new",[36,56292,56293],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56295,56296],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[59,56298,56300],{"className":61,"code":56299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56301,56302,56329,56343,56347,56366,56370,56380],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56303,56304,56306,56308,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56305,12118],{"class":106},[68,56307,111],{"class":110},[68,56309,56310],{"class":78}," [[",[68,56312,469],{"class":160},[68,56314,472],{"class":78},[68,56316,475],{"class":160},[68,56318,18095],{"class":78},[68,56320,725],{"class":78},[68,56322,2135],{"class":160},[68,56324,472],{"class":78},[68,56326,2521],{"class":160},[68,56328,53258],{"class":78},[68,56330,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56332,14344],{"class":106},[68,56334,111],{"class":110},[68,56336,12193],{"class":106},[68,56338,236],{"class":78},[68,56340,12944],{"class":138},[68,56342,8677],{"class":78},[68,56344,56345],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56346,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56348,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56364],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56350,14363],{"class":106},[68,56352,795],{"class":78},[68,56354,2192],{"class":160},[68,56356,13582],{"class":78},[68,56358,13585],{"class":138},[68,56360,79],{"class":78},[68,56362,56363],{"class":160},"99",[68,56365,85],{"class":78},[68,56367,56368],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56369,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56371,56372,56374,56376,56378],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,56373,129],{"class":128},[68,56375,79],{"class":78},[68,56377,12165],{"class":138},[68,56379,85],{"class":78},[68,56381,56382,56384,56386,56388],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,56383,129],{"class":128},[68,56385,79],{"class":78},[68,56387,14363],{"class":138},[68,56389,85],{"class":78},[20,56391,180],{},[59,56393,56395],{"className":61,"code":56394,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56396,56397,56424],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56398,56399,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56400,56401],{"class":78},"[[",[68,56403,469],{"class":160},[68,56405,472],{"class":78},[68,56407,475],{"class":160},[68,56409,472],{"class":78},[68,56411,10227],{"class":160},[68,56413,18095],{"class":78},[68,56415,725],{"class":78},[68,56417,2135],{"class":160},[68,56419,472],{"class":78},[68,56421,2521],{"class":160},[68,56423,53258],{"class":78},[68,56425,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56427,56401],{"class":78},[68,56429,469],{"class":160},[68,56431,472],{"class":78},[68,56433,475],{"class":160},[68,56435,472],{"class":78},[68,56437,10227],{"class":160},[68,56439,18095],{"class":78},[68,56441,725],{"class":78},[68,56443,2135],{"class":160},[68,56445,472],{"class":78},[68,56447,2521],{"class":160},[68,56449,53258],{"class":78},[20,56451,56452],{},"Why did both change?",[33,56454,56455,56462],{},[36,56456,56457,232,56459,56461],{},[15,56458,12165],{},[15,56460,14363],{}," are different outer lists",[36,56463,56464,56465,56468],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56466,56467],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56470,53669,56471,56473],{},[15,56472,12809],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,56475,56476,56479,56482],{},[36,56477,56478],{},"Numbers",[36,56480,56481],{},"Strings",[36,56483,40629],{},[20,56485,56486,56487,236],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[49,56488,13823],{"href":13822},[93,56490,17451],{"id":17450},[20,56492,56493,56495],{},[15,56494,55617],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56497,1524,56498,56500],{},[1301,56499,1303],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56502,56503],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56505,16688],{},[59,56507,56509],{"className":61,"code":56508,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56510,56511,56535,56549,56553],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56512,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56514,13108],{"class":106},[68,56516,111],{"class":110},[68,56518,725],{"class":78},[68,56520,344],{"class":114},[68,56522,13125],{"class":118},[68,56524,344],{"class":114},[68,56526,472],{"class":78},[68,56528,115],{"class":114},[68,56530,13142],{"class":118},[68,56532,344],{"class":114},[68,56534,730],{"class":78},[68,56536,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56538,13151],{"class":106},[68,56540,111],{"class":110},[68,56542,13156],{"class":106},[68,56544,236],{"class":78},[68,56546,12944],{"class":138},[68,56548,8677],{"class":78},[68,56550,56551],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56552,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56554,56555,56557,56559,56561],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56556,129],{"class":128},[68,56558,79],{"class":78},[68,56560,13175],{"class":138},[68,56562,85],{"class":78},[20,56564,56565],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[59,56567,56569],{"className":61,"code":56568,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56570,56571,56595,56605,56609],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56572,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56574,13108],{"class":106},[68,56576,111],{"class":110},[68,56578,725],{"class":78},[68,56580,344],{"class":114},[68,56582,13125],{"class":118},[68,56584,344],{"class":114},[68,56586,472],{"class":78},[68,56588,115],{"class":114},[68,56590,13142],{"class":118},[68,56592,344],{"class":114},[68,56594,730],{"class":78},[68,56596,56597,56599,56601,56603],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56598,17535],{"class":106},[68,56600,236],{"class":78},[68,56602,12944],{"class":138},[68,56604,8677],{"class":78},[68,56606,56607],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56608,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56610,56611,56613,56615,56617],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56612,129],{"class":128},[68,56614,79],{"class":78},[68,56616,17535],{"class":138},[68,56618,85],{"class":78},[20,56620,56621,56622,56624],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56623,12809],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[93,56626,1311,56628],{"id":56627},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56629,55617],{},[20,56631,224,56632,10630],{},[15,56633,55617],{},[33,56635,56636,56639,56642,56645],{},[36,56637,56638],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,56640,56641],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,56643,56644],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,56646,56647,56648],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56649,56650],{},"[:]",[20,56652,326],{},[59,56654,56656],{"className":61,"code":56655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56657,56658,56678,56693,56697,56712,56716,56726],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56659,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56661,5108],{"class":106},[68,56663,111],{"class":110},[68,56665,725],{"class":78},[68,56667,438],{"class":160},[68,56669,472],{"class":78},[68,56671,7828],{"class":160},[68,56673,472],{"class":78},[68,56675,7833],{"class":160},[68,56677,730],{"class":78},[68,56679,56680,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56681,56682],{"class":106},"backup_scores ",[68,56684,111],{"class":110},[68,56686,5155],{"class":106},[68,56688,236],{"class":78},[68,56690,12944],{"class":138},[68,56692,8677],{"class":78},[68,56694,56695],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56696,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56698,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707,56710],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56700,16421],{"class":106},[68,56702,236],{"class":78},[68,56704,13585],{"class":138},[68,56706,79],{"class":78},[68,56708,56709],{"class":160},"40",[68,56711,85],{"class":78},[68,56713,56714],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56715,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56717,56718,56720,56722,56724],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,56719,129],{"class":128},[68,56721,79],{"class":78},[68,56723,16421],{"class":138},[68,56725,85],{"class":78},[68,56727,56728,56730,56732,56735],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,56729,129],{"class":128},[68,56731,79],{"class":78},[68,56733,56734],{"class":138},"backup_scores",[68,56736,85],{"class":78},[20,56738,180],{},[59,56740,56742],{"className":61,"code":56741,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56743,56744,56764],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56745,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56747,795],{"class":78},[68,56749,438],{"class":160},[68,56751,472],{"class":78},[68,56753,7828],{"class":160},[68,56755,472],{"class":78},[68,56757,7833],{"class":160},[68,56759,472],{"class":78},[68,56761,50858],{"class":160},[68,56763,730],{"class":78},[68,56765,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56767,795],{"class":78},[68,56769,438],{"class":160},[68,56771,472],{"class":78},[68,56773,7828],{"class":160},[68,56775,472],{"class":78},[68,56777,7833],{"class":160},[68,56779,730],{"class":78},[20,56781,56782,56783,236],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[49,56784,55536,56786,10770],{"href":56785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56787,52668],{},[93,56789,4563],{"id":4562},[20,56791,56792,56793,236],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56794,55617],{},[1470,56796,633,56798,56800],{"id":56797},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56799,111],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56802,39233],{},[59,56804,56806],{"className":61,"code":56805,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56807,56808,56828,56836,56850,56854],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56809,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56811,2618],{"class":106},[68,56813,111],{"class":110},[68,56815,725],{"class":78},[68,56817,469],{"class":160},[68,56819,472],{"class":78},[68,56821,475],{"class":160},[68,56823,472],{"class":78},[68,56825,480],{"class":160},[68,56827,730],{"class":78},[68,56829,56830,56832,56834],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56831,2646],{"class":106},[68,56833,111],{"class":110},[68,56835,36207],{"class":106},[68,56837,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56839,4806],{"class":106},[68,56841,236],{"class":78},[68,56843,13585],{"class":138},[68,56845,79],{"class":78},[68,56847,2568],{"class":160},[68,56849,85],{"class":78},[68,56851,56852],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56853,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56855,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56857,129],{"class":128},[68,56859,79],{"class":78},[68,56861,49],{"class":138},[68,56863,1701],{"class":78},[68,56865,55717],{"class":3708},[20,56867,56868,56869,6670],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56870,12809],{},[59,56872,56874],{"className":61,"code":56873,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56875,56876,56896,56911,56925,56929],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56879,2618],{"class":106},[68,56881,111],{"class":110},[68,56883,725],{"class":78},[68,56885,469],{"class":160},[68,56887,472],{"class":78},[68,56889,475],{"class":160},[68,56891,472],{"class":78},[68,56893,480],{"class":160},[68,56895,730],{"class":78},[68,56897,56898,56900,56902,56905,56907,56909],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56899,2646],{"class":106},[68,56901,111],{"class":110},[68,56903,56904],{"class":106}," a",[68,56906,236],{"class":78},[68,56908,12944],{"class":138},[68,56910,8677],{"class":78},[68,56912,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,56914,4806],{"class":106},[68,56916,236],{"class":78},[68,56918,13585],{"class":138},[68,56920,79],{"class":78},[68,56922,2568],{"class":160},[68,56924,85],{"class":78},[68,56926,56927],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,56928,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,56930,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,56932,129],{"class":128},[68,56934,79],{"class":78},[68,56936,49],{"class":138},[68,56938,1701],{"class":78},[68,56940,54948],{"class":3708},[1470,56942,56944],{"id":56943},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[59,56946,56948],{"className":61,"code":56947,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56949,56950,56970],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56951,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56953,3663],{"class":106},[68,56955,111],{"class":110},[68,56957,725],{"class":78},[68,56959,469],{"class":160},[68,56961,472],{"class":78},[68,56963,475],{"class":160},[68,56965,472],{"class":78},[68,56967,480],{"class":160},[68,56969,730],{"class":78},[68,56971,56972,56974,56976,56978],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,56973,3693],{"class":106},[68,56975,236],{"class":78},[68,56977,12944],{"class":138},[68,56979,8677],{"class":78},[20,56981,56982],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56984,39296],{},[59,56986,56988],{"className":61,"code":56987,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56989,56990,57010],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,56991,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,56993,3663],{"class":106},[68,56995,111],{"class":110},[68,56997,725],{"class":78},[68,56999,469],{"class":160},[68,57001,472],{"class":78},[68,57003,475],{"class":160},[68,57005,472],{"class":78},[68,57007,480],{"class":160},[68,57009,730],{"class":78},[68,57011,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57013,56172],{"class":106},[68,57015,111],{"class":110},[68,57017,4308],{"class":106},[68,57019,236],{"class":78},[68,57021,12944],{"class":138},[68,57023,8677],{"class":78},[1470,57025,57027],{"id":57026},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[59,57029,57031],{"className":61,"code":57030,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57032,57033,57051,57065,57069,57087,57091],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57034,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57036,2618],{"class":106},[68,57038,111],{"class":110},[68,57040,56310],{"class":78},[68,57042,469],{"class":160},[68,57044,18095],{"class":78},[68,57046,725],{"class":78},[68,57048,2129],{"class":160},[68,57050,53258],{"class":78},[68,57052,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57054,2646],{"class":106},[68,57056,111],{"class":110},[68,57058,56904],{"class":106},[68,57060,236],{"class":78},[68,57062,12944],{"class":138},[68,57064,8677],{"class":78},[68,57066,57067],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,57068,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,57070,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,57072,4806],{"class":106},[68,57074,795],{"class":78},[68,57076,2192],{"class":160},[68,57078,13582],{"class":78},[68,57080,13585],{"class":138},[68,57082,79],{"class":78},[68,57084,56363],{"class":160},[68,57086,85],{"class":78},[68,57088,57089],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,57090,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,57092,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,57094,129],{"class":128},[68,57096,79],{"class":78},[68,57098,49],{"class":138},[68,57100,1701],{"class":78},[68,57102,57103],{"class":3708},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57105,57106,57107,57109],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57108,55617],{}," is shallow.",[1470,57111,25650,57113,57115],{"id":57112},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57114,12809],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57117,57118,57120],{},[15,57119,12809],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[59,57122,57124],{"className":61,"code":57123,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57125,57126,57138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57127,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57129,107],{"class":106},[68,57131,111],{"class":110},[68,57133,115],{"class":114},[68,57135,119],{"class":118},[68,57137,122],{"class":114},[68,57139,57140],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57141,57142],{"class":3708},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57144,57145],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[59,57147,57149],{"className":61,"code":57148,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57150,57151],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57152,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57154,129],{"class":128},[68,57156,79],{"class":78},[68,57158,75],{"class":74},[68,57160,79],{"class":78},[68,57162,139],{"class":138},[68,57164,142],{"class":78},[20,57166,57167,57168,57172],{},"You can also review ",[49,57169,57171],{"href":57170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[93,57174,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,57176,12736,57178,57180],{"id":57177},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57179,55617],{}," change the original list?",[20,57182,57183],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1470,57185,5221,57187,232,57189,1906],{"id":57186},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57188,55617],{},[15,57190,111],{},[20,57192,57193,57195,57196,57198],{},[15,57194,12809],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57197,111],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1470,57200,1900,57202,14937],{"id":57201},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57203,55617],{},[20,57205,57206],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1470,57208,57210],{"id":57209},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57212,42182,57213,57216],{},[15,57214,57215],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1470,57218,1900,57220,1903,57222,1906],{"id":57219},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57221,55617],{},[15,57223,56650],{},[20,57225,57226],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[93,57228,1952],{"id":1951},[33,57230,57231,57236,57240,57245,57251],{},[36,57232,57233],{},[49,57234,14996],{"href":57235},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,57237,57238],{},[49,57239,52787],{"href":50994},[36,57241,57242],{},[49,57243,57244],{"href":57170},"Creating a list in Python",[36,57246,57247],{},[49,57248,55536,57249,10770],{"href":56785},[15,57250,52668],{},[36,57252,57253],{},[49,57254,13823],{"href":13822},[1995,57256,57257],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":57259},[57260,57261,57263,57264,57266,57267,57268,57270,57278,57289],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":55727,"depth":125,"text":57262},"What list.copy() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":55998,"depth":125,"text":57265},"Why not use =",{"id":56276,"depth":125,"text":56277},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":56627,"depth":125,"text":57269},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":57271},[57272,57274,57275,57276],{"id":56797,"depth":145,"text":57273},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56943,"depth":145,"text":56944},{"id":57026,"depth":145,"text":57027},{"id":57112,"depth":145,"text":57277},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":57279},[57280,57282,57284,57286,57287],{"id":57177,"depth":145,"text":57281},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57186,"depth":145,"text":57283},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57201,"depth":145,"text":57285},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57209,"depth":145,"text":57210},{"id":57219,"depth":145,"text":57288},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55605,"description":57290},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57297,"title":57298,"body":57299,"description":59041,"extension":2033,"meta":59042,"navigation":148,"path":59043,"seo":59044,"stem":59045,"__hash__":59046},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57300,"toc":59000},[57301,57307,57313,57316,57327,57330,57332,57395,57401,57406,57410,57424,57427,57432,57437,57439,57441,57460,57472,57474,57541,57543,57551,57556,57558,57566,57569,57586,57588,57712,57723,57727,57732,57735,57737,57755,57759,57845,57854,57862,57931,57933,57936,57948,57953,57957,58028,58031,58035,58039,58104,58106,58114,58118,58201,58203,58211,58215,58276,58278,58286,58290,58377,58379,58387,58392,58397,58400,58411,58413,58498,58503,58512,58514,58518,58522,58527,58589,58593,58601,58607,58616,58621,58670,58673,58694,58698,58760,58767,58772,58775,58862,58865,58876,58879,58899,58901,58907,58910,58914,58918,58924,58927,58933,58940,58948,58959,58961,58997],[10,57302,54358,57304,11352],{"id":57303},"python-list-count-method",[15,57305,57306],{},"count()",[20,57308,57309,57312],{},[15,57310,57311],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57314,57315],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,57317,57318,57321,57324],{},[36,57319,57320],{},"count one specific item",[36,57322,57323],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,57325,57326],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57328,57329],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[93,57331,96],{"id":95},[59,57333,57335],{"className":61,"code":57334,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57336,57337,57365,57383],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57338,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57340,3663],{"class":106},[68,57342,111],{"class":110},[68,57344,725],{"class":78},[68,57346,469],{"class":160},[68,57348,472],{"class":78},[68,57350,475],{"class":160},[68,57352,472],{"class":78},[68,57354,475],{"class":160},[68,57356,472],{"class":78},[68,57358,480],{"class":160},[68,57360,472],{"class":78},[68,57362,475],{"class":160},[68,57364,730],{"class":78},[68,57366,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57368,2297],{"class":106},[68,57370,111],{"class":110},[68,57372,4308],{"class":106},[68,57374,236],{"class":78},[68,57376,41291],{"class":138},[68,57378,79],{"class":78},[68,57380,2129],{"class":160},[68,57382,85],{"class":78},[68,57384,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,57386,129],{"class":128},[68,57388,79],{"class":78},[68,57390,2331],{"class":138},[68,57392,1701],{"class":78},[68,57394,50785],{"class":3708},[20,57396,224,57397,57400],{},[15,57398,57399],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[93,57402,3722,57404,3725],{"id":57403},"what-listcount-does",[15,57405,57311],{},[20,57407,57408,503],{},[15,57409,57311],{},[33,57411,57412,57415,57418,57421],{},[36,57413,57414],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,57416,57417],{},"returns an integer",[36,57419,57420],{},"does not change the original list",[36,57422,57423],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57425,57426],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57428,57429,57430,236],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57431,2135],{},[20,57433,57434,57435,236],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57436,2192],{},[93,57438,303],{"id":302},[20,57440,2231],{},[59,57442,57444],{"className":61,"code":57443,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57445,57446],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57447,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57449,8374],{"class":106},[68,57451,236],{"class":78},[68,57453,41291],{"class":138},[68,57455,79],{"class":78},[68,57457,665],{"class":138},[68,57459,85],{"class":78},[33,57461,57462,57467],{},[36,57463,57464,57466],{},[15,57465,8374],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,57468,57469,57471],{},[15,57470,665],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57473,326],{},[59,57475,57477],{"className":61,"code":57476,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57478,57479,57519],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57480,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57482,36122],{"class":106},[68,57484,111],{"class":110},[68,57486,725],{"class":78},[68,57488,344],{"class":114},[68,57490,49],{"class":118},[68,57492,344],{"class":114},[68,57494,472],{"class":78},[68,57496,115],{"class":114},[68,57498,4806],{"class":118},[68,57500,344],{"class":114},[68,57502,472],{"class":78},[68,57504,115],{"class":114},[68,57506,49],{"class":118},[68,57508,344],{"class":114},[68,57510,472],{"class":78},[68,57512,115],{"class":114},[68,57514,9769],{"class":118},[68,57516,344],{"class":114},[68,57518,730],{"class":78},[68,57520,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57522,129],{"class":128},[68,57524,79],{"class":78},[68,57526,36175],{"class":138},[68,57528,236],{"class":78},[68,57530,41291],{"class":138},[68,57532,79],{"class":78},[68,57534,344],{"class":114},[68,57536,49],{"class":118},[68,57538,344],{"class":114},[68,57540,142],{"class":78},[20,57542,180],{},[59,57544,57545],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,57546,57547],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57548,57549],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57550,17089],{"class":160},[20,57552,57553,57554,236],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57555,2192],{},[93,57557,38054],{"id":38053},[20,57559,57560,57561,57563,57564,236],{},"The return value from ",[15,57562,57306],{}," is always an ",[15,57565,217],{},[20,57567,57568],{},"Possible results:",[33,57570,57571,57576,57581],{},[36,57572,57573,57575],{},[15,57574,2192],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,57577,57578,57580],{},[15,57579,469],{}," if it appears once",[36,57582,57583,57585],{},[15,57584,2129],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57587,326],{},[59,57589,57591],{"className":61,"code":57590,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57592,57593,57633,57637,57662,57687],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57594,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57596,13108],{"class":106},[68,57598,111],{"class":110},[68,57600,725],{"class":78},[68,57602,344],{"class":114},[68,57604,13125],{"class":118},[68,57606,344],{"class":114},[68,57608,472],{"class":78},[68,57610,115],{"class":114},[68,57612,13142],{"class":118},[68,57614,344],{"class":114},[68,57616,472],{"class":78},[68,57618,115],{"class":114},[68,57620,17488],{"class":118},[68,57622,344],{"class":114},[68,57624,472],{"class":78},[68,57626,115],{"class":114},[68,57628,13142],{"class":118},[68,57630,344],{"class":114},[68,57632,730],{"class":78},[68,57634,57635],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57636,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,57638,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,57640,129],{"class":128},[68,57642,79],{"class":78},[68,57644,17535],{"class":138},[68,57646,236],{"class":78},[68,57648,41291],{"class":138},[68,57650,79],{"class":78},[68,57652,344],{"class":114},[68,57654,13142],{"class":118},[68,57656,344],{"class":114},[68,57658,1636],{"class":78},[68,57660,57661],{"class":3708},"   # 2\n",[68,57663,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,57665,129],{"class":128},[68,57667,79],{"class":78},[68,57669,17535],{"class":138},[68,57671,236],{"class":78},[68,57673,41291],{"class":138},[68,57675,79],{"class":78},[68,57677,344],{"class":114},[68,57679,13125],{"class":118},[68,57681,344],{"class":114},[68,57683,1636],{"class":78},[68,57685,57686],{"class":3708},"    # 1\n",[68,57688,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,57690,129],{"class":128},[68,57692,79],{"class":78},[68,57694,17535],{"class":138},[68,57696,236],{"class":78},[68,57698,41291],{"class":138},[68,57700,79],{"class":78},[68,57702,344],{"class":114},[68,57704,22559],{"class":118},[68,57706,344],{"class":114},[68,57708,1636],{"class":78},[68,57710,57711],{"class":3708}," # 0\n",[20,57713,57714,57715,57717,57718,57720,57721,236],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57716,57306],{}," works, but using ",[15,57719,3927],{}," is often simpler. See ",[49,57722,6239],{"href":6238},[93,57724,57726],{"id":57725},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57728,57729,57731],{},[15,57730,57311],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57733,57734],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57736,43679],{},[33,57738,57739,57742,57745,57752],{},[36,57740,57741],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,57743,57744],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,57746,57747,232,57749,57751],{},[15,57748,469],{},[15,57750,290],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,57753,57754],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1470,57756,57758],{"id":57757},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[59,57760,57762],{"className":61,"code":57761,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57763,57764,57797,57821],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57765,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57767,4114],{"class":106},[68,57769,111],{"class":110},[68,57771,725],{"class":78},[68,57773,344],{"class":114},[68,57775,4123],{"class":118},[68,57777,344],{"class":114},[68,57779,472],{"class":78},[68,57781,115],{"class":114},[68,57783,57784],{"class":118},"Apple",[68,57786,344],{"class":114},[68,57788,472],{"class":78},[68,57790,115],{"class":114},[68,57792,4123],{"class":118},[68,57794,344],{"class":114},[68,57796,730],{"class":78},[68,57798,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57800,129],{"class":128},[68,57802,79],{"class":78},[68,57804,4158],{"class":138},[68,57806,236],{"class":78},[68,57808,41291],{"class":138},[68,57810,79],{"class":78},[68,57812,344],{"class":114},[68,57814,4123],{"class":118},[68,57816,344],{"class":114},[68,57818,1636],{"class":78},[68,57820,51430],{"class":3708},[68,57822,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,57824,129],{"class":128},[68,57826,79],{"class":78},[68,57828,4158],{"class":138},[68,57830,236],{"class":78},[68,57832,41291],{"class":138},[68,57834,79],{"class":78},[68,57836,344],{"class":114},[68,57838,57784],{"class":118},[68,57840,344],{"class":114},[68,57842,1636],{"class":78},[68,57844,27814],{"class":3708},[20,57846,57847,232,57850,57853],{},[15,57848,57849],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57851,57852],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1470,57855,57857,232,57859,57861],{"id":57856},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57858,469],{},[15,57860,290],{}," can match",[59,57863,57865],{"className":61,"code":57864,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57866,57867,57891,57911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57868,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57870,3869],{"class":106},[68,57872,111],{"class":110},[68,57874,725],{"class":78},[68,57876,469],{"class":160},[68,57878,472],{"class":78},[68,57880,3960],{"class":526},[68,57882,472],{"class":78},[68,57884,475],{"class":160},[68,57886,472],{"class":78},[68,57888,5539],{"class":160},[68,57890,730],{"class":78},[68,57892,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,57894,129],{"class":128},[68,57896,79],{"class":78},[68,57898,5401],{"class":138},[68,57900,236],{"class":78},[68,57902,41291],{"class":138},[68,57904,79],{"class":78},[68,57906,469],{"class":160},[68,57908,1636],{"class":78},[68,57910,50933],{"class":3708},[68,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,57914,129],{"class":128},[68,57916,79],{"class":78},[68,57918,5401],{"class":138},[68,57920,236],{"class":78},[68,57922,41291],{"class":138},[68,57924,79],{"class":78},[68,57926,290],{"class":526},[68,57928,1636],{"class":78},[68,57930,50785],{"class":3708},[20,57932,4455],{},[20,57934,57935],{},"In Python:",[33,57937,57938,57943],{},[36,57939,57940],{},[15,57941,57942],{},"True == 1",[36,57944,57945],{},[15,57946,57947],{},"False == 0",[20,57949,53669,57950,57952],{},[15,57951,57306],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1470,57954,57956],{"id":57955},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[59,57958,57960],{"className":61,"code":57959,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57961,57962,58004],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,57963,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,57965,7817],{"class":106},[68,57967,111],{"class":110},[68,57969,56310],{"class":78},[68,57971,469],{"class":160},[68,57973,472],{"class":78},[68,57975,475],{"class":160},[68,57977,18095],{"class":78},[68,57979,725],{"class":78},[68,57981,2135],{"class":160},[68,57983,472],{"class":78},[68,57985,2521],{"class":160},[68,57987,18095],{"class":78},[68,57989,725],{"class":78},[68,57991,469],{"class":160},[68,57993,472],{"class":78},[68,57995,475],{"class":160},[68,57997,18095],{"class":78},[68,57999,725],{"class":78},[68,58001,469],{"class":160},[68,58003,53258],{"class":78},[68,58005,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58007,129],{"class":128},[68,58009,79],{"class":78},[68,58011,7848],{"class":138},[68,58013,236],{"class":78},[68,58015,41291],{"class":138},[68,58017,466],{"class":78},[68,58019,469],{"class":160},[68,58021,472],{"class":78},[68,58023,475],{"class":160},[68,58025,4780],{"class":78},[68,58027,51430],{"class":3708},[20,58029,58030],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[93,58032,58034],{"id":58033},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1470,58036,58038],{"id":58037},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[59,58040,58042],{"className":61,"code":58041,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58043,58044,58072,58090,58094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58045,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58047,3663],{"class":106},[68,58049,111],{"class":110},[68,58051,725],{"class":78},[68,58053,438],{"class":160},[68,58055,472],{"class":78},[68,58057,7828],{"class":160},[68,58059,472],{"class":78},[68,58061,6045],{"class":160},[68,58063,472],{"class":78},[68,58065,7833],{"class":160},[68,58067,472],{"class":78},[68,58069,6045],{"class":160},[68,58071,730],{"class":78},[68,58073,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58075,2297],{"class":106},[68,58077,111],{"class":110},[68,58079,4308],{"class":106},[68,58081,236],{"class":78},[68,58083,41291],{"class":138},[68,58085,79],{"class":78},[68,58087,438],{"class":160},[68,58089,85],{"class":78},[68,58091,58092],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58093,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,58095,58096,58098,58100,58102],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58097,129],{"class":128},[68,58099,79],{"class":78},[68,58101,2331],{"class":138},[68,58103,85],{"class":78},[20,58105,180],{},[59,58107,58108],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,58109,58110],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58111,58112],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58113,46637],{"class":160},[1470,58115,58117],{"id":58116},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[59,58119,58121],{"className":61,"code":58120,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58122,58123,58165,58187,58191],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58124,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58161,58163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58126,4114],{"class":106},[68,58128,111],{"class":110},[68,58130,725],{"class":78},[68,58132,344],{"class":114},[68,58134,37080],{"class":118},[68,58136,344],{"class":114},[68,58138,472],{"class":78},[68,58140,115],{"class":114},[68,58142,58143],{"class":118},"dog",[68,58145,344],{"class":114},[68,58147,472],{"class":78},[68,58149,115],{"class":114},[68,58151,37080],{"class":118},[68,58153,344],{"class":114},[68,58155,472],{"class":78},[68,58157,115],{"class":114},[68,58159,58160],{"class":118},"bird",[68,58162,344],{"class":114},[68,58164,730],{"class":78},[68,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58168,2297],{"class":106},[68,58170,111],{"class":110},[68,58172,6209],{"class":106},[68,58174,236],{"class":78},[68,58176,41291],{"class":138},[68,58178,79],{"class":78},[68,58180,344],{"class":114},[68,58182,37080],{"class":118},[68,58184,344],{"class":114},[68,58186,85],{"class":78},[68,58188,58189],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58190,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,58192,58193,58195,58197,58199],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58194,129],{"class":128},[68,58196,79],{"class":78},[68,58198,2331],{"class":138},[68,58200,85],{"class":78},[20,58202,180],{},[59,58204,58205],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,58206,58207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58208,58209],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58210,17089],{"class":160},[1470,58212,58214],{"id":58213},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[59,58216,58218],{"className":61,"code":58217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58219,58220,58244,58262,58266],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58221,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58223,3663],{"class":106},[68,58225,111],{"class":110},[68,58227,725],{"class":78},[68,58229,469],{"class":160},[68,58231,472],{"class":78},[68,58233,475],{"class":160},[68,58235,472],{"class":78},[68,58237,480],{"class":160},[68,58239,472],{"class":78},[68,58241,2521],{"class":160},[68,58243,730],{"class":78},[68,58245,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58247,2297],{"class":106},[68,58249,111],{"class":110},[68,58251,4308],{"class":106},[68,58253,236],{"class":78},[68,58255,41291],{"class":138},[68,58257,79],{"class":78},[68,58259,1497],{"class":160},[68,58261,85],{"class":78},[68,58263,58264],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58265,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,58267,58268,58270,58272,58274],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58269,129],{"class":128},[68,58271,79],{"class":78},[68,58273,2331],{"class":138},[68,58275,85],{"class":78},[20,58277,180],{},[59,58279,58280],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,58281,58282],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58283,58284],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58285,47272],{"class":160},[1470,58287,58289],{"id":58288},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[59,58291,58293],{"className":61,"code":58292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58294,58295,58341,58363,58367],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58296,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58298,9197],{"class":106},[68,58300,111],{"class":110},[68,58302,56310],{"class":78},[68,58304,469],{"class":160},[68,58306,472],{"class":78},[68,58308,475],{"class":160},[68,58310,18095],{"class":78},[68,58312,725],{"class":78},[68,58314,469],{"class":160},[68,58316,472],{"class":78},[68,58318,475],{"class":160},[68,58320,18095],{"class":78},[68,58322,725],{"class":78},[68,58324,2129],{"class":160},[68,58326,472],{"class":78},[68,58328,480],{"class":160},[68,58330,18095],{"class":78},[68,58332,725],{"class":78},[68,58334,469],{"class":160},[68,58336,472],{"class":78},[68,58338,475],{"class":160},[68,58340,53258],{"class":78},[68,58342,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58344,2297],{"class":106},[68,58346,111],{"class":110},[68,58348,14599],{"class":106},[68,58350,236],{"class":78},[68,58352,41291],{"class":138},[68,58354,466],{"class":78},[68,58356,469],{"class":160},[68,58358,472],{"class":78},[68,58360,475],{"class":160},[68,58362,3933],{"class":78},[68,58364,58365],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58366,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,58368,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58370,129],{"class":128},[68,58372,79],{"class":78},[68,58374,2331],{"class":138},[68,58376,85],{"class":78},[20,58378,180],{},[59,58380,58381],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,58382,58383],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58384,58385],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58386,46637],{"class":160},[93,58388,1311,58390],{"id":58389},"when-to-use-count",[15,58391,57306],{},[20,58393,224,58394,58396],{},[15,58395,57306],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58398,58399],{},"Good use cases:",[33,58401,58402,58405,58408],{},[36,58403,58404],{},"counting one specific item",[36,58406,58407],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,58409,58410],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58412,326],{},[59,58414,58416],{"className":61,"code":58415,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58417,58418,58459,58483,58487],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58419,58420,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58421,58422],{"class":106},"votes ",[68,58424,111],{"class":110},[68,58426,725],{"class":78},[68,58428,344],{"class":114},[68,58430,8692],{"class":118},[68,58432,344],{"class":114},[68,58434,472],{"class":78},[68,58436,115],{"class":114},[68,58438,8631],{"class":118},[68,58440,344],{"class":114},[68,58442,472],{"class":78},[68,58444,115],{"class":114},[68,58446,8692],{"class":118},[68,58448,344],{"class":114},[68,58450,472],{"class":78},[68,58452,115],{"class":114},[68,58454,8692],{"class":118},[68,58456,344],{"class":114},[68,58458,730],{"class":78},[68,58460,58461,58464,58466,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58462,58463],{"class":106},"yes_votes ",[68,58465,111],{"class":110},[68,58467,58468],{"class":106}," votes",[68,58470,236],{"class":78},[68,58472,41291],{"class":138},[68,58474,79],{"class":78},[68,58476,344],{"class":114},[68,58478,8692],{"class":118},[68,58480,344],{"class":114},[68,58482,85],{"class":78},[68,58484,58485],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58486,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,58488,58489,58491,58493,58496],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58490,129],{"class":128},[68,58492,79],{"class":78},[68,58494,58495],{"class":138},"yes_votes",[68,58497,85],{"class":78},[20,58499,58500,58502],{},[15,58501,57306],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58504,58505,58506,232,58508,236],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[49,58507,52787],{"href":50994},[49,58509,58511],{"href":58510},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[93,58513,1750],{"id":1749},[20,58515,8481,58516,236],{},[15,58517,57311],{},[1470,58519,58521],{"id":58520},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58523,58524,58526],{},[15,58525,57311],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[59,58528,58530],{"className":61,"code":58529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58531,58532,58565],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58533,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58535,4114],{"class":106},[68,58537,111],{"class":110},[68,58539,725],{"class":78},[68,58541,344],{"class":114},[68,58543,58544],{"class":118},"apple pie",[68,58546,344],{"class":114},[68,58548,472],{"class":78},[68,58550,115],{"class":114},[68,58552,4132],{"class":118},[68,58554,344],{"class":114},[68,58556,472],{"class":78},[68,58558,115],{"class":114},[68,58560,58544],{"class":118},[68,58562,344],{"class":114},[68,58564,730],{"class":78},[68,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58568,129],{"class":128},[68,58570,79],{"class":78},[68,58572,4158],{"class":138},[68,58574,236],{"class":78},[68,58576,41291],{"class":138},[68,58578,79],{"class":78},[68,58580,344],{"class":114},[68,58582,4123],{"class":118},[68,58584,344],{"class":114},[68,58586,1636],{"class":78},[68,58588,51262],{"class":3708},[20,58590,2552,58591,1906],{},[15,58592,2192],{},[20,58594,1928,58595,58597,58598,236],{},[15,58596,57849],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58599,58600],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58602,58603,58604,236],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58605,58606],{},"str.count()",[1470,58608,1770,58610,8489,58612,384,58614],{"id":58609},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58611,57306],{},[15,58613,290],{},[15,58615,293],{},[20,58617,58618,58620],{},[15,58619,57306],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[59,58622,58624],{"className":61,"code":58623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58625,58626,58650],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58627,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58629,3663],{"class":106},[68,58631,111],{"class":110},[68,58633,725],{"class":78},[68,58635,469],{"class":160},[68,58637,472],{"class":78},[68,58639,475],{"class":160},[68,58641,472],{"class":78},[68,58643,475],{"class":160},[68,58645,472],{"class":78},[68,58647,480],{"class":160},[68,58649,730],{"class":78},[68,58651,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58653,129],{"class":128},[68,58655,79],{"class":78},[68,58657,3693],{"class":138},[68,58659,236],{"class":78},[68,58661,41291],{"class":138},[68,58663,79],{"class":78},[68,58665,2129],{"class":160},[68,58667,1636],{"class":78},[68,58669,51430],{"class":3708},[20,58671,58672],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[59,58674,58676],{"className":61,"code":58675,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58677,58678],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58679,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58681,129],{"class":128},[68,58683,79],{"class":78},[68,58685,2129],{"class":160},[68,58687,21208],{"class":1098},[68,58689,4308],{"class":138},[68,58691,1701],{"class":78},[68,58693,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,58695,58697],{"id":58696},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[59,58699,58701],{"className":61,"code":58700,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58702,58703,58736],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58704,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58732,58734],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58706,5040],{"class":106},[68,58708,111],{"class":110},[68,58710,725],{"class":78},[68,58712,344],{"class":114},[68,58714,7714],{"class":118},[68,58716,344],{"class":114},[68,58718,472],{"class":78},[68,58720,115],{"class":114},[68,58722,20252],{"class":118},[68,58724,344],{"class":114},[68,58726,472],{"class":78},[68,58728,115],{"class":114},[68,58730,58731],{"class":118},"SAM",[68,58733,344],{"class":114},[68,58735,730],{"class":78},[68,58737,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58739,129],{"class":128},[68,58741,79],{"class":78},[68,58743,5083],{"class":138},[68,58745,236],{"class":78},[68,58747,41291],{"class":138},[68,58749,79],{"class":78},[68,58751,344],{"class":114},[68,58753,20252],{"class":118},[68,58755,344],{"class":114},[68,58757,1636],{"class":78},[68,58759,27814],{"class":3708},[20,58761,58762,58763,58766],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58764,58765],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1470,58768,29684,58770,33582],{"id":58769},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58771,57306],{},[20,58773,58774],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[59,58776,58778],{"className":61,"code":58777,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58779,58780,58790,58804,58822,58836,58848],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,58783,129],{"class":128},[68,58785,79],{"class":78},[68,58787,8374],{"class":138},[68,58789,85],{"class":78},[68,58791,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,58793,129],{"class":128},[68,58795,79],{"class":78},[68,58797,75],{"class":74},[68,58799,79],{"class":78},[68,58801,8374],{"class":138},[68,58803,142],{"class":78},[68,58805,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,58807,129],{"class":128},[68,58809,79],{"class":78},[68,58811,8374],{"class":138},[68,58813,236],{"class":78},[68,58815,41291],{"class":138},[68,58817,79],{"class":78},[68,58819,665],{"class":138},[68,58821,142],{"class":78},[68,58823,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,58825,129],{"class":128},[68,58827,79],{"class":78},[68,58829,652],{"class":138},[68,58831,3927],{"class":1098},[68,58833,8430],{"class":138},[68,58835,85],{"class":78},[68,58837,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,58839,5998],{"class":1098},[68,58841,6001],{"class":106},[68,58843,3927],{"class":1098},[68,58845,8430],{"class":106},[68,58847,1648],{"class":78},[68,58849,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,58851,1118],{"class":128},[68,58853,79],{"class":78},[68,58855,1839],{"class":128},[68,58857,79],{"class":78},[68,58859,23346],{"class":138},[68,58861,142],{"class":78},[20,58863,58864],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,58866,58867,58870,58873],{},[36,58868,58869],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,58871,58872],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,58874,58875],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58877,58878],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,58880,58881,58886,58889,58896],{},[36,58882,50506,58883,58885],{},[15,58884,57306],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,58887,58888],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,58890,11136,58891,58893,58894],{},[15,58892,57311],{}," with string ",[15,58895,57306],{},[36,58897,58898],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[93,58900,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,58902,12736,58904,58906],{"id":58903},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58905,57311],{}," change the list?",[20,58908,58909],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1470,58911,58913],{"id":58912},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58915,11943,58916,236],{},[15,58917,2192],{},[1470,58919,1939,58921,58923],{"id":58920},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58922,57311],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58925,58926],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1470,58928,1900,58930,58932],{"id":58929},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58931,57311],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58934,42182,58935,232,58937,58939],{},[15,58936,57852],{},[15,58938,57849],{}," are different values.",[1470,58941,1919,58943,58945,58946,1906],{"id":58942},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58944,290],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58947,469],{},[20,58949,8820,58950,58952,58953,232,58955,58952,58957,236],{},[15,58951,290],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58954,469],{},[15,58956,293],{},[15,58958,2192],{},[93,58960,1952],{"id":1951},[33,58962,58963,58967,58973,58977,58985,58992],{},[36,58964,58965],{},[49,58966,52787],{"href":50994},[36,58968,58969],{},[49,58970,58972],{"href":58971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,58974,58975],{},[49,58976,6974],{"href":6238},[36,58978,58979],{},[49,58980,55536,58982,10770],{"href":58981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58983,58984],{},"index()",[36,58986,58987],{},[49,58988,13,58990],{"href":58989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58991,42390],{},[36,58993,58994],{},[49,58995,58996],{"href":58510},"What is a list in Python",[1995,58998,58999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":59001},[59002,59003,59005,59006,59007,59013,59019,59021,59029,59040],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":57403,"depth":125,"text":59004},"What list.count() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":38053,"depth":125,"text":38054},{"id":57725,"depth":125,"text":57726,"children":59008},[59009,59010,59012],{"id":57757,"depth":145,"text":57758},{"id":57856,"depth":145,"text":59011},"1 and True can match",{"id":57955,"depth":145,"text":57956},{"id":58033,"depth":125,"text":58034,"children":59014},[59015,59016,59017,59018],{"id":58037,"depth":145,"text":58038},{"id":58116,"depth":145,"text":58117},{"id":58213,"depth":145,"text":58214},{"id":58288,"depth":145,"text":58289},{"id":58389,"depth":125,"text":59020},"When to use count()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":59022},[59023,59024,59026,59027],{"id":58520,"depth":145,"text":58521},{"id":58609,"depth":145,"text":59025},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58696,"depth":145,"text":58697},{"id":58769,"depth":145,"text":59028},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":59030},[59031,59033,59034,59036,59038],{"id":58903,"depth":145,"text":59032},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58912,"depth":145,"text":58913},{"id":58920,"depth":145,"text":59035},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58929,"depth":145,"text":59037},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58942,"depth":145,"text":59039},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57298,"description":59041},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59048,"title":59049,"body":59050,"description":61013,"extension":2033,"meta":61014,"navigation":148,"path":61015,"seo":61016,"stem":61017,"__hash__":61018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59051,"toc":60976},[59052,59055,59058,59060,59188,59192,59273,59284,59286,59305,59309,59312,59315,59333,59335,59378,59382,59407,59416,59420,59425,59428,59545,59549,59618,59622,59634,59638,59641,59682,59686,59699,59702,59787,59791,59824,59831,59837,59842,59844,59856,59860,59893,59897,59929,59933,59970,59974,59994,59998,60032,60036,60065,60076,60080,60083,60086,60099,60156,60160,60199,60205,60208,60210,60213,60217,60220,60245,60247,60272,60279,60282,60327,60331,60350,60353,60392,60399,60404,60438,60442,60543,60550,60583,60587,60613,60617,60620,60658,60661,60698,60702,60705,60724,60728,60789,60791,60809,60813,60816,60819,60848,60850,60854,60857,60865,60869,60872,60892,60898,60904,60908,60911,60918,60926,60928,60967,60973],[10,59053,59049],{"id":59054},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59056,59057],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[93,59059,96],{"id":95},[59,59061,59063],{"className":61,"code":59062,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59064,59065,59085,59117,59125,59143,59147,59157,59167,59178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59068,3663],{"class":106},[68,59070,111],{"class":110},[68,59072,725],{"class":78},[68,59074,469],{"class":160},[68,59076,472],{"class":78},[68,59078,475],{"class":160},[68,59080,472],{"class":78},[68,59082,480],{"class":160},[68,59084,730],{"class":78},[68,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59088,5040],{"class":106},[68,59090,111],{"class":110},[68,59092,725],{"class":78},[68,59094,344],{"class":114},[68,59096,12913],{"class":118},[68,59098,344],{"class":114},[68,59100,472],{"class":78},[68,59102,115],{"class":114},[68,59104,35972],{"class":118},[68,59106,344],{"class":114},[68,59108,472],{"class":78},[68,59110,115],{"class":114},[68,59112,35981],{"class":118},[68,59114,344],{"class":114},[68,59116,730],{"class":78},[68,59118,59119,59121,59123],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59120,55947],{"class":106},[68,59122,111],{"class":110},[68,59124,7877],{"class":78},[68,59126,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,59128,36122],{"class":106},[68,59130,111],{"class":110},[68,59132,22595],{"class":74},[68,59134,79],{"class":78},[68,59136,344],{"class":114},[68,59138,41592],{"class":118},[68,59140,344],{"class":114},[68,59142,85],{"class":78},[68,59144,59145],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,59146,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59148,59149,59151,59153,59155],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,59150,129],{"class":128},[68,59152,79],{"class":78},[68,59154,3693],{"class":138},[68,59156,85],{"class":78},[68,59158,59159,59161,59163,59165],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,59160,129],{"class":128},[68,59162,79],{"class":78},[68,59164,5083],{"class":138},[68,59166,85],{"class":78},[68,59168,59169,59171,59173,59176],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,59170,129],{"class":128},[68,59172,79],{"class":78},[68,59174,59175],{"class":138},"empty_list",[68,59177,85],{"class":78},[68,59179,59180,59182,59184,59186],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,59181,129],{"class":128},[68,59183,79],{"class":78},[68,59185,36175],{"class":138},[68,59187,85],{"class":78},[20,59189,59190],{},[1301,59191,180],{},[59,59193,59195],{"className":61,"code":59194,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59196,59197,59213,59241,59245],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59198,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59200,795],{"class":78},[68,59202,469],{"class":160},[68,59204,472],{"class":78},[68,59206,475],{"class":160},[68,59208,472],{"class":78},[68,59210,480],{"class":160},[68,59212,730],{"class":78},[68,59214,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59216,795],{"class":78},[68,59218,203],{"class":114},[68,59220,12913],{"class":118},[68,59222,203],{"class":114},[68,59224,472],{"class":78},[68,59226,197],{"class":114},[68,59228,35972],{"class":118},[68,59230,203],{"class":114},[68,59232,472],{"class":78},[68,59234,197],{"class":114},[68,59236,35981],{"class":118},[68,59238,203],{"class":114},[68,59240,730],{"class":78},[68,59242,59243],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59244,38331],{"class":78},[68,59246,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,59248,795],{"class":78},[68,59250,203],{"class":114},[68,59252,49],{"class":118},[68,59254,203],{"class":114},[68,59256,472],{"class":78},[68,59258,197],{"class":114},[68,59260,4806],{"class":118},[68,59262,203],{"class":114},[68,59264,472],{"class":78},[68,59266,197],{"class":114},[68,59268,9769],{"class":118},[68,59270,203],{"class":114},[68,59272,730],{"class":78},[20,59274,59275,59276,59278,59279,59281,59282,236],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59277,3833],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59280,24816],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59283,36230],{},[93,59285,15194],{"id":15193},[33,59287,59288,59291,59294,59297,59302],{},[36,59289,59290],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,59292,59293],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,59295,59296],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,59298,59299,59300,2369],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59301,24816],{},[36,59303,59304],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[93,59306,59308],{"id":59307},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59310,59311],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59313,59314],{},"This means:",[33,59316,59317,59320,59323,59326],{},[36,59318,59319],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,59321,59322],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,59324,59325],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,59327,59328,59329,59332],{},"A list is ",[1301,59330,59331],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59334,326],{},[59,59336,59338],{"className":61,"code":59337,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59339,59340,59364,59368],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59343,7817],{"class":106},[68,59345,111],{"class":110},[68,59347,725],{"class":78},[68,59349,344],{"class":114},[68,59351,4123],{"class":118},[68,59353,344],{"class":114},[68,59355,472],{"class":78},[68,59357,6045],{"class":160},[68,59359,472],{"class":78},[68,59361,3960],{"class":526},[68,59363,730],{"class":78},[68,59365,59366],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59367,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59369,59370,59372,59374,59376],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59371,129],{"class":128},[68,59373,79],{"class":78},[68,59375,7848],{"class":138},[68,59377,85],{"class":78},[20,59379,59380],{},[1301,59381,180],{},[59,59383,59385],{"className":61,"code":59384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59386,59387],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59388,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59390,795],{"class":78},[68,59392,203],{"class":114},[68,59394,4123],{"class":118},[68,59396,203],{"class":114},[68,59398,472],{"class":78},[68,59400,6045],{"class":160},[68,59402,472],{"class":78},[68,59404,3960],{"class":526},[68,59406,730],{"class":78},[20,59408,59409,59410,384,59413,236],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[49,59411,59412],{"href":50994},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[49,59414,59415],{"href":58510},"What is a List in Python?",[93,59417,59419],{"id":59418},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59421,59275,59422,59424],{},[15,59423,3833],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59426,59427],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[59,59429,59431],{"className":61,"code":59430,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59432,59433,59453,59485,59510,59514,59524,59534],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59436,3663],{"class":106},[68,59438,111],{"class":110},[68,59440,725],{"class":78},[68,59442,469],{"class":160},[68,59444,472],{"class":78},[68,59446,475],{"class":160},[68,59448,472],{"class":78},[68,59450,480],{"class":160},[68,59452,730],{"class":78},[68,59454,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59456,5040],{"class":106},[68,59458,111],{"class":110},[68,59460,725],{"class":78},[68,59462,344],{"class":114},[68,59464,12913],{"class":118},[68,59466,344],{"class":114},[68,59468,472],{"class":78},[68,59470,115],{"class":114},[68,59472,35972],{"class":118},[68,59474,344],{"class":114},[68,59476,472],{"class":78},[68,59478,115],{"class":114},[68,59480,35981],{"class":118},[68,59482,344],{"class":114},[68,59484,730],{"class":78},[68,59486,59487,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59488,59489],{"class":106},"mixed ",[68,59491,111],{"class":110},[68,59493,725],{"class":78},[68,59495,438],{"class":160},[68,59497,472],{"class":78},[68,59499,115],{"class":114},[68,59501,347],{"class":118},[68,59503,344],{"class":114},[68,59505,472],{"class":78},[68,59507,3951],{"class":526},[68,59509,730],{"class":78},[68,59511,59512],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,59513,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59515,59516,59518,59520,59522],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,59517,129],{"class":128},[68,59519,79],{"class":78},[68,59521,3693],{"class":138},[68,59523,85],{"class":78},[68,59525,59526,59528,59530,59532],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,59527,129],{"class":128},[68,59529,79],{"class":78},[68,59531,5083],{"class":138},[68,59533,85],{"class":78},[68,59535,59536,59538,59540,59543],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,59537,129],{"class":128},[68,59539,79],{"class":78},[68,59541,59542],{"class":138},"mixed",[68,59544,85],{"class":78},[20,59546,59547],{},[1301,59548,180],{},[59,59550,59552],{"className":61,"code":59551,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59553,59554,59570,59598],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59555,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59557,795],{"class":78},[68,59559,469],{"class":160},[68,59561,472],{"class":78},[68,59563,475],{"class":160},[68,59565,472],{"class":78},[68,59567,480],{"class":160},[68,59569,730],{"class":78},[68,59571,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59573,795],{"class":78},[68,59575,203],{"class":114},[68,59577,12913],{"class":118},[68,59579,203],{"class":114},[68,59581,472],{"class":78},[68,59583,197],{"class":114},[68,59585,35972],{"class":118},[68,59587,203],{"class":114},[68,59589,472],{"class":78},[68,59591,197],{"class":114},[68,59593,35981],{"class":118},[68,59595,203],{"class":114},[68,59597,730],{"class":78},[68,59599,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59601,795],{"class":78},[68,59603,438],{"class":160},[68,59605,472],{"class":78},[68,59607,197],{"class":114},[68,59609,347],{"class":118},[68,59611,203],{"class":114},[68,59613,472],{"class":78},[68,59615,3951],{"class":526},[68,59617,730],{"class":78},[1470,59619,59621],{"id":59620},"key-points","Key points",[33,59623,59624,59629,59631],{},[36,59625,224,59626,59628],{},[15,59627,3833],{}," to make a new list",[36,59630,15464],{},[36,59632,59633],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[93,59635,59637],{"id":59636},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59639,59640],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[59,59642,59644],{"className":61,"code":59643,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59645,59646,59654,59658,59668],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59647,59648,59650,59652],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59649,8343],{"class":106},[68,59651,111],{"class":110},[68,59653,7877],{"class":78},[68,59655,59656],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59657,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59659,59660,59662,59664,59666],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59661,129],{"class":128},[68,59663,79],{"class":78},[68,59665,8374],{"class":138},[68,59667,85],{"class":78},[68,59669,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,59671,129],{"class":128},[68,59673,79],{"class":78},[68,59675,11191],{"class":128},[68,59677,79],{"class":78},[68,59679,8374],{"class":138},[68,59681,142],{"class":78},[20,59683,59684],{},[1301,59685,180],{},[59,59687,59689],{"className":61,"code":59688,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[]\n0\n",[15,59690,59691,59695],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59692,59693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59694,38331],{"class":78},[68,59696,59697],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59698,47272],{"class":160},[20,59700,59701],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[59,59703,59705],{"className":61,"code":59704,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59706,59707,59715,59719,59737,59755,59773,59777],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59708,59709,59711,59713],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59710,5040],{"class":106},[68,59712,111],{"class":110},[68,59714,7877],{"class":78},[68,59716,59717],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59718,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59720,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,59722,5083],{"class":106},[68,59724,236],{"class":78},[68,59726,13585],{"class":138},[68,59728,79],{"class":78},[68,59730,344],{"class":114},[68,59732,12913],{"class":118},[68,59734,344],{"class":114},[68,59736,85],{"class":78},[68,59738,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,59740,5083],{"class":106},[68,59742,236],{"class":78},[68,59744,13585],{"class":138},[68,59746,79],{"class":78},[68,59748,344],{"class":114},[68,59750,35972],{"class":118},[68,59752,344],{"class":114},[68,59754,85],{"class":78},[68,59756,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,59758,5083],{"class":106},[68,59760,236],{"class":78},[68,59762,13585],{"class":138},[68,59764,79],{"class":78},[68,59766,344],{"class":114},[68,59768,35981],{"class":118},[68,59770,344],{"class":114},[68,59772,85],{"class":78},[68,59774,59775],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,59776,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,59778,59779,59781,59783,59785],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,59780,129],{"class":128},[68,59782,79],{"class":78},[68,59784,5083],{"class":138},[68,59786,85],{"class":78},[20,59788,59789],{},[1301,59790,180],{},[59,59792,59794],{"className":61,"code":59793,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59795,59796],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59797,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59799,795],{"class":78},[68,59801,203],{"class":114},[68,59803,12913],{"class":118},[68,59805,203],{"class":114},[68,59807,472],{"class":78},[68,59809,197],{"class":114},[68,59811,35972],{"class":118},[68,59813,203],{"class":114},[68,59815,472],{"class":78},[68,59817,197],{"class":114},[68,59819,35981],{"class":118},[68,59821,203],{"class":114},[68,59823,730],{"class":78},[20,59825,59826,59827,236],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[49,59828,59829,10770],{"href":56785},[15,59830,52668],{},[93,59832,59834,59835],{"id":59833},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59836,24816],{},[20,59838,224,59839,59841],{},[15,59840,24816],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59843,5499],{},[33,59845,59846,59848,59850,59852],{},[36,59847,5351],{},[36,59849,5345],{},[36,59851,5348],{},[36,59853,59854],{},[15,59855,36230],{},[1470,59857,59859],{"id":59858},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[59,59861,59863],{"className":61,"code":59862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59864,59865,59883],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59866,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59868,36122],{"class":106},[68,59870,111],{"class":110},[68,59872,22595],{"class":74},[68,59874,79],{"class":78},[68,59876,344],{"class":114},[68,59878,41592],{"class":118},[68,59880,344],{"class":114},[68,59882,85],{"class":78},[68,59884,59885,59887,59889,59891],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59886,129],{"class":128},[68,59888,79],{"class":78},[68,59890,36175],{"class":138},[68,59892,85],{"class":78},[20,59894,59895],{},[1301,59896,180],{},[59,59898,59899],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,59900,59901],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59902,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59904,795],{"class":78},[68,59906,203],{"class":114},[68,59908,49],{"class":118},[68,59910,203],{"class":114},[68,59912,472],{"class":78},[68,59914,197],{"class":114},[68,59916,4806],{"class":118},[68,59918,203],{"class":114},[68,59920,472],{"class":78},[68,59922,197],{"class":114},[68,59924,9769],{"class":118},[68,59926,203],{"class":114},[68,59928,730],{"class":78},[1470,59930,59932],{"id":59931},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[59,59934,59936],{"className":61,"code":59935,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59937,59938,59960],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59941,3663],{"class":106},[68,59943,111],{"class":110},[68,59945,22595],{"class":74},[68,59947,5552],{"class":78},[68,59949,469],{"class":160},[68,59951,472],{"class":78},[68,59953,475],{"class":160},[68,59955,472],{"class":78},[68,59957,480],{"class":160},[68,59959,142],{"class":78},[68,59961,59962,59964,59966,59968],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,59963,129],{"class":128},[68,59965,79],{"class":78},[68,59967,3693],{"class":138},[68,59969,85],{"class":78},[20,59971,59972],{},[1301,59973,180],{},[59,59975,59976],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,59977,59978],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,59979,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,59981,795],{"class":78},[68,59983,469],{"class":160},[68,59985,472],{"class":78},[68,59987,475],{"class":160},[68,59989,472],{"class":78},[68,59991,480],{"class":160},[68,59993,730],{"class":78},[1470,59995,59997],{"id":59996},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[59,59999,60001],{"className":61,"code":60000,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60002,60003,60022],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60016,60018,60020],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60006,3869],{"class":106},[68,60008,111],{"class":110},[68,60010,22595],{"class":74},[68,60012,79],{"class":78},[68,60014,60015],{"class":128},"range",[68,60017,79],{"class":78},[68,60019,1497],{"class":160},[68,60021,142],{"class":78},[68,60023,60024,60026,60028,60030],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60025,129],{"class":128},[68,60027,79],{"class":78},[68,60029,5401],{"class":138},[68,60031,85],{"class":78},[20,60033,60034],{},[1301,60035,180],{},[59,60037,60039],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60040,60041],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60042,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60044,795],{"class":78},[68,60046,2192],{"class":160},[68,60048,472],{"class":78},[68,60050,5539],{"class":160},[68,60052,472],{"class":78},[68,60054,475],{"class":160},[68,60056,472],{"class":78},[68,60058,480],{"class":160},[68,60060,472],{"class":78},[68,60062,2521],{"class":160},[68,60064,730],{"class":78},[20,60066,60067,60069,60070,236],{},[15,60068,24816],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[49,60071,60073,60075],{"href":60072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60074,24816],{},": Function Explained",[93,60077,60079],{"id":60078},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60081,60082],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60084,60085],{},"Examples include:",[33,60087,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096],{},[36,60089,5351],{},[36,60091,40458],{},[36,60093,52061],{},[36,60095,40628],{},[36,60097,60098],{},"other lists",[59,60100,60102],{"className":61,"code":60101,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60103,60104,60142,60146],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60105,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60107,9197],{"class":106},[68,60109,111],{"class":110},[68,60111,725],{"class":78},[68,60113,344],{"class":114},[68,60115,12913],{"class":118},[68,60117,344],{"class":114},[68,60119,472],{"class":78},[68,60121,9335],{"class":160},[68,60123,472],{"class":78},[68,60125,3960],{"class":526},[68,60127,472],{"class":78},[68,60129,725],{"class":78},[68,60131,469],{"class":160},[68,60133,472],{"class":78},[68,60135,475],{"class":160},[68,60137,472],{"class":78},[68,60139,480],{"class":160},[68,60141,53258],{"class":78},[68,60143,60144],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60145,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,60149,129],{"class":128},[68,60151,79],{"class":78},[68,60153,9234],{"class":138},[68,60155,85],{"class":78},[20,60157,60158],{},[1301,60159,180],{},[59,60161,60163],{"className":61,"code":60162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60164,60165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60166,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60168,795],{"class":78},[68,60170,203],{"class":114},[68,60172,12913],{"class":118},[68,60174,203],{"class":114},[68,60176,472],{"class":78},[68,60178,9335],{"class":160},[68,60180,472],{"class":78},[68,60182,3960],{"class":526},[68,60184,472],{"class":78},[68,60186,725],{"class":78},[68,60188,469],{"class":160},[68,60190,472],{"class":78},[68,60192,475],{"class":160},[68,60194,472],{"class":78},[68,60196,480],{"class":160},[68,60198,53258],{"class":78},[20,60200,60201,60202,236],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1301,60203,60204],{},"nested list",[20,60206,60207],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[93,60209,4563],{"id":4562},[20,60211,60212],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1470,60214,60216],{"id":60215},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60218,60219],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[59,60221,60223],{"className":61,"code":60222,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60224,60225,60229],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60226,60227],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60228,4580],{"class":3708},[68,60230,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60232,3663],{"class":106},[68,60234,111],{"class":110},[68,60236,725],{"class":78},[68,60238,469],{"class":160},[68,60240,475],{"class":160},[68,60242,480],{"class":160},[68,60244,730],{"class":78},[20,60246,10837],{},[59,60248,60250],{"className":61,"code":60249,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60251,60252],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60253,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60255,3663],{"class":106},[68,60257,111],{"class":110},[68,60259,725],{"class":78},[68,60261,469],{"class":160},[68,60263,472],{"class":78},[68,60265,475],{"class":160},[68,60267,472],{"class":78},[68,60269,480],{"class":160},[68,60271,730],{"class":78},[1470,60273,633,60275,1776,60277],{"id":60274},"using-instead-of",[15,60276,7403],{},[15,60278,3833],{},[20,60280,60281],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[59,60283,60285],{"className":61,"code":60284,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60286,60287,60308,60312],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60288,60289,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60290,60291],{"class":106},"my_values ",[68,60293,111],{"class":110},[68,60295,9266],{"class":78},[68,60297,469],{"class":160},[68,60299,472],{"class":78},[68,60301,475],{"class":160},[68,60303,472],{"class":78},[68,60305,480],{"class":160},[68,60307,85],{"class":78},[68,60309,60310],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60311,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,60313,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60325],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,60315,129],{"class":128},[68,60317,79],{"class":78},[68,60319,75],{"class":74},[68,60321,79],{"class":78},[68,60323,60324],{"class":138},"my_values",[68,60326,142],{"class":78},[20,60328,60329],{},[1301,60330,180],{},[59,60332,60334],{"className":61,"code":60333,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60335,60336],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60337,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60339,190],{"class":110},[68,60341,194],{"class":193},[68,60343,197],{"class":114},[68,60345,48971],{"class":118},[68,60347,203],{"class":114},[68,60349,206],{"class":110},[20,60351,60352],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[59,60354,60356],{"className":61,"code":60355,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60357,60358,60378],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60359,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60361,60291],{"class":106},[68,60363,111],{"class":110},[68,60365,725],{"class":78},[68,60367,469],{"class":160},[68,60369,472],{"class":78},[68,60371,475],{"class":160},[68,60373,472],{"class":78},[68,60375,480],{"class":160},[68,60377,730],{"class":78},[68,60379,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60381,129],{"class":128},[68,60383,79],{"class":78},[68,60385,75],{"class":74},[68,60387,79],{"class":78},[68,60389,60324],{"class":138},[68,60391,142],{"class":78},[1470,60393,1770,60395,60398],{"id":60394},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60396,60397],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60400,60401,60403],{},[15,60402,24816],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[59,60405,60407],{"className":61,"code":60406,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60408,60409,60428],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60410,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421,60424,60426],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60412,2297],{"class":106},[68,60414,111],{"class":110},[68,60416,22595],{"class":74},[68,60418,79],{"class":78},[68,60420,344],{"class":114},[68,60422,60423],{"class":118},"hello world",[68,60425,344],{"class":114},[68,60427,85],{"class":78},[68,60429,60430,60432,60434,60436],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60431,129],{"class":128},[68,60433,79],{"class":78},[68,60435,2331],{"class":138},[68,60437,85],{"class":78},[20,60439,60440],{},[1301,60441,180],{},[59,60443,60445],{"className":61,"code":60444,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60446,60447],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60448,60449,60451,60453,60456,60458,60460,60462,60465,60467,60469,60471,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60450,795],{"class":78},[68,60452,203],{"class":114},[68,60454,60455],{"class":118},"h",[68,60457,203],{"class":114},[68,60459,472],{"class":78},[68,60461,197],{"class":114},[68,60463,60464],{"class":118},"e",[68,60466,203],{"class":114},[68,60468,472],{"class":78},[68,60470,197],{"class":114},[68,60472,60473],{"class":118},"l",[68,60475,203],{"class":114},[68,60477,472],{"class":78},[68,60479,197],{"class":114},[68,60481,60473],{"class":118},[68,60483,203],{"class":114},[68,60485,472],{"class":78},[68,60487,197],{"class":114},[68,60489,60490],{"class":118},"o",[68,60492,203],{"class":114},[68,60494,472],{"class":78},[68,60496,197],{"class":114},[68,60498,197],{"class":114},[68,60500,472],{"class":78},[68,60502,197],{"class":114},[68,60504,60505],{"class":118},"w",[68,60507,203],{"class":114},[68,60509,472],{"class":78},[68,60511,197],{"class":114},[68,60513,60490],{"class":118},[68,60515,203],{"class":114},[68,60517,472],{"class":78},[68,60519,197],{"class":114},[68,60521,60522],{"class":118},"r",[68,60524,203],{"class":114},[68,60526,472],{"class":78},[68,60528,197],{"class":114},[68,60530,60473],{"class":118},[68,60532,203],{"class":114},[68,60534,472],{"class":78},[68,60536,197],{"class":114},[68,60538,18801],{"class":118},[68,60540,203],{"class":114},[68,60542,730],{"class":78},[20,60544,60545,60546,60549],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60547,60548],{},"split()"," instead:",[59,60551,60553],{"className":61,"code":60552,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60554,60555,60573],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60556,60557,60559,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60558,4114],{"class":106},[68,60560,111],{"class":110},[68,60562,115],{"class":114},[68,60564,60423],{"class":118},[68,60566,344],{"class":114},[68,60568,236],{"class":78},[68,60570,34502],{"class":138},[68,60572,8677],{"class":78},[68,60574,60575,60577,60579,60581],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60576,129],{"class":128},[68,60578,79],{"class":78},[68,60580,4158],{"class":138},[68,60582,85],{"class":78},[20,60584,60585],{},[1301,60586,180],{},[59,60588,60590],{"className":61,"code":60589,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60591,60592],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60593,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60609,60611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60595,795],{"class":78},[68,60597,203],{"class":114},[68,60599,347],{"class":118},[68,60601,203],{"class":114},[68,60603,472],{"class":78},[68,60605,197],{"class":114},[68,60607,60608],{"class":118},"world",[68,60610,203],{"class":114},[68,60612,730],{"class":78},[1470,60614,60616],{"id":60615},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60618,60619],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[59,60621,60623],{"className":61,"code":60622,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60624,60625,60629],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60626,60627],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60628,4580],{"class":3708},[68,60630,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60632,5040],{"class":106},[68,60634,111],{"class":110},[68,60636,725],{"class":78},[68,60638,344],{"class":114},[68,60640,12913],{"class":118},[68,60642,344],{"class":114},[68,60644,472],{"class":78},[68,60646,115],{"class":114},[68,60648,60649],{"class":118},"Ben', ",[68,60651,344],{"class":114},[68,60653,35981],{"class":106},[68,60655,344],{"class":114},[68,60657,730],{"class":118},[20,60659,60660],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[59,60662,60664],{"className":61,"code":60663,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60665,60666],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60667,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60669,5040],{"class":106},[68,60671,111],{"class":110},[68,60673,725],{"class":78},[68,60675,344],{"class":114},[68,60677,12913],{"class":118},[68,60679,344],{"class":114},[68,60681,472],{"class":78},[68,60683,115],{"class":114},[68,60685,35972],{"class":118},[68,60687,344],{"class":114},[68,60689,472],{"class":78},[68,60691,115],{"class":114},[68,60693,35981],{"class":118},[68,60695,344],{"class":114},[68,60697,730],{"class":78},[1470,60699,60701],{"id":60700},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60703,60704],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,60706,60707,60710,60713,60718],{},[36,60708,60709],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,60711,60712],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,60714,60715,60716],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60717,24816],{},[36,60719,1770,60720,60723],{},[15,60721,60722],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1470,60725,60727],{"id":60726},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[59,60729,60731],{"className":61,"code":60730,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60732,60733,60743,60757,60771],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60734,60735,60737,60739,60741],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60736,129],{"class":128},[68,60738,79],{"class":78},[68,60740,8374],{"class":138},[68,60742,85],{"class":78},[68,60744,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,60746,129],{"class":128},[68,60748,79],{"class":78},[68,60750,75],{"class":74},[68,60752,79],{"class":78},[68,60754,8374],{"class":138},[68,60756,142],{"class":78},[68,60758,60759,60761,60763,60765,60767,60769],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,60760,129],{"class":128},[68,60762,79],{"class":78},[68,60764,11191],{"class":128},[68,60766,79],{"class":78},[68,60768,8374],{"class":138},[68,60770,142],{"class":78},[68,60772,60773,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,60774,129],{"class":128},[68,60776,79],{"class":78},[68,60778,274],{"class":74},[68,60780,79],{"class":78},[68,60782,60015],{"class":128},[68,60784,79],{"class":78},[68,60786,1497],{"class":160},[68,60788,2970],{"class":78},[20,60790,26042],{},[33,60792,60793,60796,60799,60802],{},[36,60794,60795],{},"what the list contains",[36,60797,60798],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,60800,60801],{},"how many items it has",[36,60803,26053,60804,60806,60807],{},[15,60805,24816],{}," does with ",[15,60808,36230],{},[93,60810,60812],{"id":60811},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60814,60815],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60817,60818],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,60820,60821,60836,60841],{},[36,60822,224,60823,1448,60827,1453,60831,60835],{},[49,60824,60825],{"href":56785},[15,60826,52668],{},[49,60828,60829],{"href":53360},[15,60830,53462],{},[49,60832,60833],{"href":53924},[15,60834,54284],{}," to add items later",[36,60837,224,60838,60840],{},[49,60839,59412],{"href":50994}," for a broader introduction",[36,60842,224,60843,60847],{},[49,60844,60845,60075],{"href":60072},[15,60846,24816],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[93,60849,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,60851,60853],{"id":60852},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60855,60856],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[59,60858,60859],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,60860,60861],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60862,60863],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60864,38331],{"class":78},[1470,60866,60868],{"id":60867},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60870,60871],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[59,60873,60874],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,60875,60876],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,60879,795],{"class":78},[68,60881,469],{"class":160},[68,60883,472],{"class":78},[68,60885,475],{"class":160},[68,60887,472],{"class":78},[68,60889,480],{"class":160},[68,60891,730],{"class":78},[1470,60893,1878,60895,60897],{"id":60894},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60896,24816],{}," do in Python?",[20,60899,60900,60901,60903],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60902,36230],{},", into a list.",[1470,60905,60907],{"id":60906},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60909,60910],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1470,60912,5221,60914,232,60916,1906],{"id":60913},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60915,3833],{},[15,60917,7403],{},[20,60919,60920,60922,60923,60925],{},[15,60921,3833],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60924,7403],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[93,60927,1952],{"id":1951},[33,60929,60930,60934,60940,60946,60952,60958,60962],{},[36,60931,60932],{},[49,60933,59412],{"href":50994},[36,60935,60936],{},[49,60937,55536,60938,11352],{"href":56785},[15,60939,52668],{},[36,60941,60942],{},[49,60943,55536,60944,11352],{"href":53360},[15,60945,53462],{},[36,60947,60948],{},[49,60949,55536,60950,11352],{"href":53924},[15,60951,54284],{},[36,60953,60954],{},[49,60955,13,60956,18],{"href":60072},[15,60957,24816],{},[36,60959,60960],{},[49,60961,59415],{"href":58510},[36,60963,60964],{},[49,60965,60966],{"href":12097},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60968,60969,60970,60972],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60971,52668],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1995,60974,60975],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":60977},[60978,60979,60980,60981,60984,60985,60991,60992,61002,61003,61012],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":59307,"depth":125,"text":59308},{"id":59418,"depth":125,"text":59419,"children":60982},[60983],{"id":59620,"depth":145,"text":59621},{"id":59636,"depth":125,"text":59637},{"id":59833,"depth":125,"text":60986,"children":60987},"Create a list with list()",[60988,60989,60990],{"id":59858,"depth":145,"text":59859},{"id":59931,"depth":145,"text":59932},{"id":59996,"depth":145,"text":59997},{"id":60078,"depth":125,"text":60079},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":60993},[60994,60995,60997,60999,61000,61001],{"id":60215,"depth":145,"text":60216},{"id":60274,"depth":145,"text":60996},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60394,"depth":145,"text":60998},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60615,"depth":145,"text":60616},{"id":60700,"depth":145,"text":60701},{"id":60726,"depth":145,"text":60727},{"id":60811,"depth":125,"text":60812},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":61004},[61005,61006,61007,61009,61010],{"id":60852,"depth":145,"text":60853},{"id":60867,"depth":145,"text":60868},{"id":60894,"depth":145,"text":61008},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60906,"depth":145,"text":60907},{"id":60913,"depth":145,"text":61011},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59049,"description":61013},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61020,"title":61021,"body":61022,"description":62763,"extension":2033,"meta":62764,"navigation":148,"path":62765,"seo":62766,"stem":62767,"__hash__":62768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61023,"toc":62718},[61024,61029,61034,61037,61039,61110,61115,61120,61124,61138,61143,61145,61165,61170,61173,61196,61200,61205,61297,61299,61321,61327,61333,61340,61347,61353,61410,61416,61474,61476,61488,61496,61502,61507,61511,61568,61571,61575,61634,61637,61641,61699,61711,61715,61768,61771,61775,61781,61787,61849,61852,61913,61916,61972,61977,61979,61983,61990,62051,62056,62065,62121,62128,62132,62190,62199,62257,62261,62296,62300,62310,62313,62368,62382,62385,62500,62505,62509,62520,62522,62601,62611,62613,62618,62623,62630,62638,62644,62647,62653,62656,62662,62668,62670,62706,62715],[10,61025,54358,61027,11352],{"id":61026},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61028,53462],{},[20,61030,61031,61033],{},[15,61032,53363],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61035,61036],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[93,61038,2075],{"id":2074},[59,61040,61042],{"className":61,"code":61041,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61043,61044,61060,61077,61081,61096,61106],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61045,61046,61048,61050,61052,61054,61056,61058],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61047,3663],{"class":106},[68,61049,111],{"class":110},[68,61051,725],{"class":78},[68,61053,469],{"class":160},[68,61055,472],{"class":78},[68,61057,475],{"class":160},[68,61059,730],{"class":78},[68,61061,61062,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61063,61064],{"class":106},"more_numbers ",[68,61066,111],{"class":110},[68,61068,725],{"class":78},[68,61070,2135],{"class":160},[68,61072,472],{"class":78},[68,61074,2521],{"class":160},[68,61076,730],{"class":78},[68,61078,61079],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61080,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61082,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61094],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61084,3693],{"class":106},[68,61086,236],{"class":78},[68,61088,53492],{"class":138},[68,61090,79],{"class":78},[68,61092,61093],{"class":138},"more_numbers",[68,61095,85],{"class":78},[68,61097,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61099,129],{"class":128},[68,61101,79],{"class":78},[68,61103,3693],{"class":138},[68,61105,85],{"class":78},[68,61107,61108],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,61109,52739],{"class":3708},[20,61111,224,61112,61114],{},[15,61113,53462],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[93,61116,3722,61118,3725],{"id":61117},"what-listextend-does",[15,61119,53363],{},[20,61121,61122,503],{},[15,61123,53462],{},[33,61125,61126,61129,61131,61134],{},[36,61127,61128],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,61130,54444],{},[36,61132,61133],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,61135,11454,61136],{},[15,61137,3824],{},[20,61139,61140,61141,53817],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61142,53462],{},[93,61144,303],{"id":302},[59,61146,61148],{"className":61,"code":61147,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61149,61150],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61151,61152,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61153,61154],{"class":106},"list_name",[68,61156,236],{"class":78},[68,61158,53492],{"class":138},[68,61160,79],{"class":78},[68,61162,3766],{"class":138},[68,61164,85],{"class":78},[20,61166,5494,61167,61169],{},[1301,61168,3766],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61171,61172],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,61174,61175,61179,61183,61187,61192],{},[36,61176,61177],{},[15,61178,274],{},[36,61180,61181],{},[15,61182,48971],{},[36,61184,61185],{},[15,61186,6328],{},[36,61188,61189],{},[15,61190,61191],{},"string",[36,61193,61194],{},[15,61195,60015],{},[93,61197,61199],{"id":61198},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61201,61202,61203,503],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61204,53462],{},[59,61206,61208],{"className":61,"code":61207,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61209,61210,61234,61259,61263,61278,61282,61292],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61211,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61213,36271],{"class":106},[68,61215,111],{"class":110},[68,61217,725],{"class":78},[68,61219,344],{"class":114},[68,61221,4123],{"class":118},[68,61223,344],{"class":114},[68,61225,472],{"class":78},[68,61227,115],{"class":114},[68,61229,4132],{"class":118},[68,61231,344],{"class":114},[68,61233,730],{"class":78},[68,61235,61236,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61237,61238],{"class":106},"more_fruits ",[68,61240,111],{"class":110},[68,61242,725],{"class":78},[68,61244,344],{"class":114},[68,61246,33254],{"class":118},[68,61248,344],{"class":114},[68,61250,472],{"class":78},[68,61252,115],{"class":114},[68,61254,22568],{"class":118},[68,61256,344],{"class":114},[68,61258,730],{"class":78},[68,61260,61261],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61262,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61264,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61276],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61266,36323],{"class":106},[68,61268,236],{"class":78},[68,61270,53492],{"class":138},[68,61272,79],{"class":78},[68,61274,61275],{"class":138},"more_fruits",[68,61277,85],{"class":78},[68,61279,61280],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61281,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61283,61284,61286,61288,61290],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,61285,129],{"class":128},[68,61287,79],{"class":78},[68,61289,36323],{"class":138},[68,61291,85],{"class":78},[68,61293,61294],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,61295,61296],{"class":3708},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61298,11715],{},[33,61300,61301,61306,61311],{},[36,61302,61303,61305],{},[15,61304,36323],{}," starts with two items",[36,61307,61308,61310],{},[15,61309,61275],{}," has two more items",[36,61312,61313,61315,61316,61318,61319],{},[15,61314,53462],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61317,61275],{}," to ",[15,61320,36323],{},[20,61322,61323,61324,61326],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61325,36323],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61328,54583,61329,232,61331,236],{},[49,61330,52787],{"href":50994},[49,61332,57171],{"href":57170},[93,61334,61336,969,61338],{"id":61335},"extend-vs-append",[15,61337,53462],{},[15,61339,52668],{},[20,61341,61342,232,61344,61346],{},[15,61343,53462],{},[15,61345,52668],{}," are often confused.",[1470,61348,61350,61352],{"id":61349},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61351,53462],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[59,61354,61356],{"className":61,"code":61355,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61357,61358,61374,61392,61396,61406],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61359,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61361,3663],{"class":106},[68,61363,111],{"class":110},[68,61365,725],{"class":78},[68,61367,469],{"class":160},[68,61369,472],{"class":78},[68,61371,475],{"class":160},[68,61373,730],{"class":78},[68,61375,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61377,3693],{"class":106},[68,61379,236],{"class":78},[68,61381,53492],{"class":138},[68,61383,466],{"class":78},[68,61385,2135],{"class":160},[68,61387,472],{"class":78},[68,61389,2521],{"class":160},[68,61391,3933],{"class":78},[68,61393,61394],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61395,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61397,61398,61400,61402,61404],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61399,129],{"class":128},[68,61401,79],{"class":78},[68,61403,3693],{"class":138},[68,61405,85],{"class":78},[68,61407,61408],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61409,52739],{"class":3708},[1470,61411,61413,61415],{"id":61412},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61414,52668],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[59,61417,61419],{"className":61,"code":61418,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61420,61421,61437,61455,61459,61469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61422,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61424,3663],{"class":106},[68,61426,111],{"class":110},[68,61428,725],{"class":78},[68,61430,469],{"class":160},[68,61432,472],{"class":78},[68,61434,475],{"class":160},[68,61436,730],{"class":78},[68,61438,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61440,3693],{"class":106},[68,61442,236],{"class":78},[68,61444,13585],{"class":138},[68,61446,466],{"class":78},[68,61448,2135],{"class":160},[68,61450,472],{"class":78},[68,61452,2521],{"class":160},[68,61454,3933],{"class":78},[68,61456,61457],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61458,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61460,61461,61463,61465,61467],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61462,129],{"class":128},[68,61464,79],{"class":78},[68,61466,3693],{"class":138},[68,61468,85],{"class":78},[68,61470,61471],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61472,61473],{"class":3708},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61475,18728],{},[33,61477,61478,61483],{},[36,61479,61480,61482],{},[15,61481,53462],{}," to combine values",[36,61484,61485,61487],{},[15,61486,52668],{}," to add one item",[20,61489,42123,61490,232,61494,236],{},[49,61491,55536,61492,10770],{"href":56785},[15,61493,52668],{},[49,61495,53065],{"href":53064},[93,61497,633,61499,61501],{"id":61498},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61500,53462],{}," with different iterables",[20,61503,61504,61506],{},[15,61505,53462],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1470,61508,61510],{"id":61509},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[59,61512,61514],{"className":61,"code":61513,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61515,61516,61532,61550,61554,61564],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61517,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61530],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61519,3869],{"class":106},[68,61521,111],{"class":110},[68,61523,725],{"class":78},[68,61525,469],{"class":160},[68,61527,472],{"class":78},[68,61529,475],{"class":160},[68,61531,730],{"class":78},[68,61533,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61535,5401],{"class":106},[68,61537,236],{"class":78},[68,61539,53492],{"class":138},[68,61541,5552],{"class":78},[68,61543,2135],{"class":160},[68,61545,472],{"class":78},[68,61547,2521],{"class":160},[68,61549,142],{"class":78},[68,61551,61552],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61553,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61557,129],{"class":128},[68,61559,79],{"class":78},[68,61561,5401],{"class":138},[68,61563,85],{"class":78},[68,61565,61566],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61567,52739],{"class":3708},[20,61569,61570],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1470,61572,61574],{"id":61573},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[59,61576,61578],{"className":61,"code":61577,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61579,61580,61596,61615,61619,61629],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61581,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61583,36122],{"class":106},[68,61585,111],{"class":110},[68,61587,725],{"class":78},[68,61589,344],{"class":114},[68,61591,49],{"class":118},[68,61593,344],{"class":114},[68,61595,730],{"class":78},[68,61597,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61611,61613],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61599,36175],{"class":106},[68,61601,236],{"class":78},[68,61603,53492],{"class":138},[68,61605,79],{"class":78},[68,61607,344],{"class":114},[68,61609,61610],{"class":118},"bc",[68,61612,344],{"class":114},[68,61614,85],{"class":78},[68,61616,61617],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61618,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61620,61621,61623,61625,61627],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61622,129],{"class":128},[68,61624,79],{"class":78},[68,61626,36175],{"class":138},[68,61628,85],{"class":78},[68,61630,61631],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61632,61633],{"class":3708},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61635,61636],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1470,61638,61640],{"id":61639},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[59,61642,61644],{"className":61,"code":61643,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61645,61646,61658,61680,61684,61694],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61647,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61649,3663],{"class":106},[68,61651,111],{"class":110},[68,61653,725],{"class":78},[68,61655,2192],{"class":160},[68,61657,730],{"class":78},[68,61659,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61661,3693],{"class":106},[68,61663,236],{"class":78},[68,61665,53492],{"class":138},[68,61667,79],{"class":78},[68,61669,60015],{"class":128},[68,61671,79],{"class":78},[68,61673,469],{"class":160},[68,61675,472],{"class":78},[68,61677,2521],{"class":160},[68,61679,142],{"class":78},[68,61681,61682],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61683,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61687,129],{"class":128},[68,61689,79],{"class":78},[68,61691,3693],{"class":138},[68,61693,85],{"class":78},[68,61695,61696],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61697,61698],{"class":3708},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61700,61701,61704,61705,1448,61707,1453,61709,236],{},[15,61702,61703],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61706,469],{},[15,61708,2129],{},[15,61710,2135],{},[1470,61712,61714],{"id":61713},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[59,61716,61718],{"className":61,"code":61717,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61719,61720,61736,61754,61758],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61721,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61723,7817],{"class":106},[68,61725,111],{"class":110},[68,61727,725],{"class":78},[68,61729,469],{"class":160},[68,61731,472],{"class":78},[68,61733,475],{"class":160},[68,61735,730],{"class":78},[68,61737,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61739,7848],{"class":106},[68,61741,236],{"class":78},[68,61743,53492],{"class":138},[68,61745,494],{"class":78},[68,61747,2135],{"class":160},[68,61749,472],{"class":78},[68,61751,2521],{"class":160},[68,61753,1240],{"class":78},[68,61755,61756],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61757,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61759,61760,61762,61764,61766],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61761,129],{"class":128},[68,61763,79],{"class":78},[68,61765,7848],{"class":138},[68,61767,85],{"class":78},[20,61769,61770],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[93,61772,61774],{"id":61773},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61776,61777,1541,61779,236],{},[15,61778,53462],{},[15,61780,3824],{},[20,61782,61783,61784,503],{},"That means this is ",[1301,61785,61786],{},"wrong",[59,61788,61790],{"className":61,"code":61789,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61791,61792,61808,61830,61834,61844],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61793,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61795,3663],{"class":106},[68,61797,111],{"class":110},[68,61799,725],{"class":78},[68,61801,469],{"class":160},[68,61803,472],{"class":78},[68,61805,475],{"class":160},[68,61807,730],{"class":78},[68,61809,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61811,2297],{"class":106},[68,61813,111],{"class":110},[68,61815,4308],{"class":106},[68,61817,236],{"class":78},[68,61819,53492],{"class":138},[68,61821,466],{"class":78},[68,61823,2135],{"class":160},[68,61825,472],{"class":78},[68,61827,2521],{"class":160},[68,61829,3933],{"class":78},[68,61831,61832],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61833,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61837,129],{"class":128},[68,61839,79],{"class":78},[68,61841,2331],{"class":138},[68,61843,85],{"class":78},[68,61845,61846],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61847,61848],{"class":3708},"# None\n",[20,61850,61851],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[59,61853,61855],{"className":61,"code":61854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61856,61857,61873,61895,61899,61909],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61858,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61860,3663],{"class":106},[68,61862,111],{"class":110},[68,61864,725],{"class":78},[68,61866,469],{"class":160},[68,61868,472],{"class":78},[68,61870,475],{"class":160},[68,61872,730],{"class":78},[68,61874,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61876,3663],{"class":106},[68,61878,111],{"class":110},[68,61880,4308],{"class":106},[68,61882,236],{"class":78},[68,61884,53492],{"class":138},[68,61886,466],{"class":78},[68,61888,2135],{"class":160},[68,61890,472],{"class":78},[68,61892,2521],{"class":160},[68,61894,3933],{"class":78},[68,61896,61897],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61898,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61900,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61902,129],{"class":128},[68,61904,79],{"class":78},[68,61906,3693],{"class":138},[68,61908,85],{"class":78},[68,61910,61911],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61912,61848],{"class":3708},[20,61914,61915],{},"The correct way is:",[59,61917,61918],{"className":61,"code":61355,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,61919,61920,61936,61954,61958,61968],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61923,3663],{"class":106},[68,61925,111],{"class":110},[68,61927,725],{"class":78},[68,61929,469],{"class":160},[68,61931,472],{"class":78},[68,61933,475],{"class":160},[68,61935,730],{"class":78},[68,61937,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,61939,3693],{"class":106},[68,61941,236],{"class":78},[68,61943,53492],{"class":138},[68,61945,466],{"class":78},[68,61947,2135],{"class":160},[68,61949,472],{"class":78},[68,61951,2521],{"class":160},[68,61953,3933],{"class":78},[68,61955,61956],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,61957,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,61961,129],{"class":128},[68,61963,79],{"class":78},[68,61965,3693],{"class":138},[68,61967,85],{"class":78},[68,61969,61970],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,61971,52739],{"class":3708},[20,61973,55925,61974,61976],{},[15,61975,53462],{}," first, then use the original list.",[93,61978,4563],{"id":4562},[20,61980,1753,61981,236],{},[15,61982,53462],{},[1470,61984,61986,61987,61989],{"id":61985},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61988,53462],{}," to return a new list",[59,61991,61993],{"className":61,"code":61992,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61994,61995,62011,62033,62037,62047],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,61996,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007,62009],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,61998,3663],{"class":106},[68,62000,111],{"class":110},[68,62002,725],{"class":78},[68,62004,469],{"class":160},[68,62006,472],{"class":78},[68,62008,475],{"class":160},[68,62010,730],{"class":78},[68,62012,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62014,55658],{"class":106},[68,62016,111],{"class":110},[68,62018,4308],{"class":106},[68,62020,236],{"class":78},[68,62022,53492],{"class":138},[68,62024,466],{"class":78},[68,62026,2135],{"class":160},[68,62028,472],{"class":78},[68,62030,2521],{"class":160},[68,62032,3933],{"class":78},[68,62034,62035],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62036,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62038,62039,62041,62043,62045],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62040,129],{"class":128},[68,62042,79],{"class":78},[68,62044,55677],{"class":138},[68,62046,85],{"class":78},[68,62048,62049],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62050,61848],{"class":3708},[20,62052,62053,62054,236],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62055,53462],{},[1470,62057,62059,62060,1784,62062,62064],{"id":62058},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62061,52668],{},[15,62063,53462],{}," is needed",[59,62066,62067],{"className":61,"code":61418,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,62068,62069,62085,62103,62107,62117],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62072,3663],{"class":106},[68,62074,111],{"class":110},[68,62076,725],{"class":78},[68,62078,469],{"class":160},[68,62080,472],{"class":78},[68,62082,475],{"class":160},[68,62084,730],{"class":78},[68,62086,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62088,3693],{"class":106},[68,62090,236],{"class":78},[68,62092,13585],{"class":138},[68,62094,466],{"class":78},[68,62096,2135],{"class":160},[68,62098,472],{"class":78},[68,62100,2521],{"class":160},[68,62102,3933],{"class":78},[68,62104,62105],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62106,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62108,62109,62111,62113,62115],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62110,129],{"class":128},[68,62112,79],{"class":78},[68,62114,3693],{"class":138},[68,62116,85],{"class":78},[68,62118,62119],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62120,61473],{"class":3708},[20,62122,62123,62124,53907,62126,6670],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62125,53906],{},[15,62127,53462],{},[1470,62129,62131],{"id":62130},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[59,62133,62135],{"className":61,"code":62134,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62136,62137,62153,62171,62175,62185],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62140,4114],{"class":106},[68,62142,111],{"class":110},[68,62144,725],{"class":78},[68,62146,344],{"class":114},[68,62148,347],{"class":118},[68,62150,344],{"class":114},[68,62152,730],{"class":78},[68,62154,62155,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62156,4158],{"class":106},[68,62158,236],{"class":78},[68,62160,53492],{"class":138},[68,62162,79],{"class":78},[68,62164,344],{"class":114},[68,62166,60608],{"class":118},[68,62168,344],{"class":114},[68,62170,85],{"class":78},[68,62172,62173],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62174,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62176,62177,62179,62181,62183],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62178,129],{"class":128},[68,62180,79],{"class":78},[68,62182,4158],{"class":138},[68,62184,85],{"class":78},[68,62186,62187],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62188,62189],{"class":3708},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62191,62192,62193,62196,62197,503],{},"If you want ",[15,62194,62195],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62198,52668],{},[59,62200,62202],{"className":61,"code":62201,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62203,62204,62220,62238,62242,62252],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62205,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62207,4114],{"class":106},[68,62209,111],{"class":110},[68,62211,725],{"class":78},[68,62213,344],{"class":114},[68,62215,347],{"class":118},[68,62217,344],{"class":114},[68,62219,730],{"class":78},[68,62221,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62223,4158],{"class":106},[68,62225,236],{"class":78},[68,62227,13585],{"class":138},[68,62229,79],{"class":78},[68,62231,344],{"class":114},[68,62233,60608],{"class":118},[68,62235,344],{"class":114},[68,62237,85],{"class":78},[68,62239,62240],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62241,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62243,62244,62246,62248,62250],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62245,129],{"class":128},[68,62247,79],{"class":78},[68,62249,4158],{"class":138},[68,62251,85],{"class":78},[68,62253,62254],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62255,62256],{"class":3708},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1470,62258,62260],{"id":62259},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[59,62262,62264],{"className":61,"code":62263,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62265,62266,62282],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62267,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62269,3663],{"class":106},[68,62271,111],{"class":110},[68,62273,725],{"class":78},[68,62275,469],{"class":160},[68,62277,472],{"class":78},[68,62279,475],{"class":160},[68,62281,730],{"class":78},[68,62283,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62285,3693],{"class":106},[68,62287,236],{"class":78},[68,62289,53492],{"class":138},[68,62291,79],{"class":78},[68,62293,1497],{"class":160},[68,62295,85],{"class":78},[20,62297,39688,62298,6590],{},[15,62299,1497],{},[20,62301,62302,62303,62305,62306,62309],{},"You will get a ",[15,62304,3060],{},". See ",[49,62307,62308],{"href":52615},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62311,62312],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[59,62314,62316],{"className":61,"code":62315,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62317,62318,62328,62342,62354],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62319,62320,62322,62324,62326],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62321,129],{"class":128},[68,62323,79],{"class":78},[68,62325,8374],{"class":138},[68,62327,85],{"class":78},[68,62329,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62331,129],{"class":128},[68,62333,79],{"class":78},[68,62335,75],{"class":74},[68,62337,79],{"class":78},[68,62339,5401],{"class":138},[68,62341,142],{"class":78},[68,62343,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62345,129],{"class":128},[68,62347,79],{"class":78},[68,62349,2331],{"class":138},[68,62351,1701],{"class":78},[68,62353,85],{"class":106},[68,62355,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62357,1850],{"class":128},[68,62359,79],{"class":78},[68,62361,274],{"class":74},[68,62363,236],{"class":78},[68,62365,53492],{"class":1267},[68,62367,85],{"class":78},[43609,62369,62370],{},[20,62371,62372,62373,62376,62377,62379,62380,236],{},"Note: ",[15,62374,62375],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62378,1701],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62381,33060],{},[20,62383,62384],{},"Correct debugging example:",[59,62386,62388],{"className":61,"code":62387,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62389,62390,62406,62422,62426,62440,62444,62452,62462,62476,62486],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62391,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62393,8343],{"class":106},[68,62395,111],{"class":110},[68,62397,725],{"class":78},[68,62399,469],{"class":160},[68,62401,472],{"class":78},[68,62403,475],{"class":160},[68,62405,730],{"class":78},[68,62407,62408,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418,62420],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62409,3869],{"class":106},[68,62411,111],{"class":110},[68,62413,725],{"class":78},[68,62415,2135],{"class":160},[68,62417,472],{"class":78},[68,62419,2521],{"class":160},[68,62421,730],{"class":78},[68,62423,62424],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62425,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62427,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62429,8374],{"class":106},[68,62431,236],{"class":78},[68,62433,53492],{"class":138},[68,62435,79],{"class":78},[68,62437,5401],{"class":138},[68,62439,85],{"class":78},[68,62441,62442],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62443,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62445,62446,62448,62450],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,62447,2297],{"class":106},[68,62449,111],{"class":110},[68,62451,48547],{"class":526},[68,62453,62454,62456,62458,62460],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,62455,129],{"class":128},[68,62457,79],{"class":78},[68,62459,8374],{"class":138},[68,62461,85],{"class":78},[68,62463,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,62465,129],{"class":128},[68,62467,79],{"class":78},[68,62469,75],{"class":74},[68,62471,79],{"class":78},[68,62473,5401],{"class":138},[68,62475,142],{"class":78},[68,62477,62478,62480,62482,62484],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,62479,129],{"class":128},[68,62481,79],{"class":78},[68,62483,2331],{"class":138},[68,62485,85],{"class":78},[68,62487,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,62489,1850],{"class":128},[68,62491,79],{"class":78},[68,62493,274],{"class":74},[68,62495,236],{"class":78},[68,62497,53492],{"class":1267},[68,62499,85],{"class":78},[93,62501,1311,62503],{"id":62502},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62504,53462],{},[20,62506,224,62507,6359],{},[15,62508,53462],{},[33,62510,62511,62514,62517],{},[36,62512,62513],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,62515,62516],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,62518,62519],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62521,1335],{},[59,62523,62525],{"className":61,"code":62524,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62526,62527,62544,62562,62566,62582,62586,62596],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62528,62529,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62530,62531],{"class":106},"all_scores ",[68,62533,111],{"class":110},[68,62535,725],{"class":78},[68,62537,13534],{"class":160},[68,62539,472],{"class":78},[68,62541,13539],{"class":160},[68,62543,730],{"class":78},[68,62545,62546,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62560],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62547,62548],{"class":106},"new_scores ",[68,62550,111],{"class":110},[68,62552,725],{"class":78},[68,62554,51520],{"class":160},[68,62556,472],{"class":78},[68,62558,62559],{"class":160}," 92",[68,62561,730],{"class":78},[68,62563,62564],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62565,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62567,62568,62571,62573,62575,62577,62580],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62569,62570],{"class":106},"all_scores",[68,62572,236],{"class":78},[68,62574,53492],{"class":138},[68,62576,79],{"class":78},[68,62578,62579],{"class":138},"new_scores",[68,62581,85],{"class":78},[68,62583,62584],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62585,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62587,62588,62590,62592,62594],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,62589,129],{"class":128},[68,62591,79],{"class":78},[68,62593,62570],{"class":138},[68,62595,85],{"class":78},[68,62597,62598],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,62599,62600],{"class":3708},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62602,62603,62604,62606,62607,236],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62605,52668],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[49,62608,55536,62609,10770],{"href":53924},[15,62610,54284],{},[93,62612,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,62614,12736,62616,55485],{"id":62615},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62617,53363],{},[20,62619,62620,62621,236],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62622,3824],{},[1470,62624,5221,62626,232,62628,1906],{"id":62625},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62627,53462],{},[15,62629,52668],{},[20,62631,62632,62634,62635,62637],{},[15,62633,53462],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62636,52668],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1470,62639,28363,62641,62643],{"id":62640},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62642,53462],{}," with a string?",[20,62645,62646],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1470,62648,28363,62650,62652],{"id":62649},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62651,53462],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62654,62655],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1470,62657,62659,62660,1906],{"id":62658},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62661,53462],{},[20,62663,62664,62665,62667],{},"You get a ",[15,62666,3060],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[93,62669,1952],{"id":1951},[33,62671,62672,62678,62682,62686,62690,62696,62700],{},[36,62673,62674],{},[49,62675,55536,62676,10770],{"href":56785},[15,62677,52668],{},[36,62679,62680],{},[49,62681,54294],{"href":53064},[36,62683,62684],{},[49,62685,57244],{"href":57170},[36,62687,62688],{},[49,62689,52787],{"href":50994},[36,62691,62692],{},[49,62693,55536,62694,10770],{"href":53924},[15,62695,54284],{},[36,62697,62698],{},[49,62699,62308],{"href":52615},[36,62701,62702],{},[49,62703,55536,62704,10770],{"href":54976},[15,62705,12809],{},[20,62707,62708,62709,62711,62712,62714],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62710,52668],{},", when to use ",[15,62713,54284],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1995,62716,62717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":62719},[62720,62721,62723,62724,62725,62732,62739,62740,62748,62750,62762],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":61117,"depth":125,"text":62722},"What list.extend() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":61198,"depth":125,"text":61199},{"id":61335,"depth":125,"text":62726,"children":62727},"extend() vs append()",[62728,62730],{"id":61349,"depth":145,"text":62729},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61412,"depth":145,"text":62731},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61498,"depth":125,"text":62733,"children":62734},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62735,62736,62737,62738],{"id":61509,"depth":145,"text":61510},{"id":61573,"depth":145,"text":61574},{"id":61639,"depth":145,"text":61640},{"id":61713,"depth":145,"text":61714},{"id":61773,"depth":125,"text":61774},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":62741},[62742,62744,62746,62747],{"id":61985,"depth":145,"text":62743},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62058,"depth":145,"text":62745},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62130,"depth":145,"text":62131},{"id":62259,"depth":145,"text":62260},{"id":62502,"depth":125,"text":62749},"When to use extend()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":62751},[62752,62754,62756,62758,62760],{"id":62615,"depth":145,"text":62753},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62625,"depth":145,"text":62755},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62640,"depth":145,"text":62757},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62649,"depth":145,"text":62759},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62658,"depth":145,"text":62761},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61021,"description":62763},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62770,"title":62771,"body":62772,"description":64860,"extension":2033,"meta":64861,"navigation":148,"path":64862,"seo":64863,"stem":64864,"__hash__":64865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62773,"toc":64823},[62774,62777,62782,62787,62798,62804,62806,62875,62877,62926,62934,62938,62943,62946,62957,62962,62964,62966,62987,63000,63003,63016,63018,63023,63048,63050,63058,63061,63130,63132,63156,63162,63166,63170,63206,63208,63228,63235,63239,63272,63274,63308,63313,63317,63350,63352,63380,63388,63392,63429,63431,63452,63455,63459,63528,63530,63554,63560,63567,63571,63574,63576,63590,63593,63617,63619,63644,63647,63666,63668,63694,63703,63707,63714,63791,63793,63834,63840,63846,63937,63939,63995,63998,64003,64007,64012,64016,64075,64077,64102,64106,64169,64171,64196,64200,64263,64265,64308,64311,64315,64319,64341,64345,64427,64429,64464,64472,64474,64478,64482,64484,64511,64516,64518,64545,64551,64554,64577,64579,64628,64631,64634,64653,64657,64659,64710,64713,64719,64723,64728,64731,64733,64739,64748,64752,64758,64762,64765,64769,64772,64776,64782,64784,64820],[10,62775,62771],{"id":62776},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62778,9154,62779,62781],{},[15,62780,24816],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62783,28,62784,62786],{},[15,62785,24816],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,62788,62789,62792],{},[36,62790,62791],{},"to make an empty list",[36,62793,62794,62795,62797],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62796,60015],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62799,62800,62801,62803],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62802,24816],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[93,62805,2075],{"id":2074},[59,62807,62809],{"className":61,"code":62808,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62810,62811,62833,62851,62855,62865],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62812,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62814,3663],{"class":106},[68,62816,111],{"class":110},[68,62818,22595],{"class":74},[68,62820,5552],{"class":78},[68,62822,469],{"class":160},[68,62824,472],{"class":78},[68,62826,475],{"class":160},[68,62828,472],{"class":78},[68,62830,480],{"class":160},[68,62832,142],{"class":78},[68,62834,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62836,36122],{"class":106},[68,62838,111],{"class":110},[68,62840,22595],{"class":74},[68,62842,79],{"class":78},[68,62844,344],{"class":114},[68,62846,41592],{"class":118},[68,62848,344],{"class":114},[68,62850,85],{"class":78},[68,62852,62853],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,62854,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,62856,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,62858,129],{"class":128},[68,62860,79],{"class":78},[68,62862,3693],{"class":138},[68,62864,85],{"class":78},[68,62866,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,62868,129],{"class":128},[68,62870,79],{"class":78},[68,62872,36175],{"class":138},[68,62874,85],{"class":78},[20,62876,180],{},[59,62878,62880],{"className":61,"code":62879,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62881,62882,62898],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62883,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62885,795],{"class":78},[68,62887,469],{"class":160},[68,62889,472],{"class":78},[68,62891,475],{"class":160},[68,62893,472],{"class":78},[68,62895,480],{"class":160},[68,62897,730],{"class":78},[68,62899,62900,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62901,795],{"class":78},[68,62903,203],{"class":114},[68,62905,49],{"class":118},[68,62907,203],{"class":114},[68,62909,472],{"class":78},[68,62911,197],{"class":114},[68,62913,4806],{"class":118},[68,62915,203],{"class":114},[68,62917,472],{"class":78},[68,62919,197],{"class":114},[68,62921,9769],{"class":118},[68,62923,203],{"class":114},[68,62925,730],{"class":78},[20,62927,224,62928,62930,62931,62933],{},[15,62929,24816],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62932,60015],{},", set, or dictionary.",[93,62935,62937],{"id":62936},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62939,62940,62942],{},[15,62941,24816],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62944,62945],{},"It can:",[33,62947,62948,62951,62954],{},[36,62949,62950],{},"create a new list object",[36,62952,62953],{},"make an empty list",[36,62955,62956],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62958,62959,62960,236],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[49,62961,52787],{"href":50994},[93,62963,303],{"id":302},[20,62965,26521],{},[59,62967,62969],{"className":61,"code":62968,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62970,62971,62977],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,62972,62973,62975],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,62974,274],{"class":74},[68,62976,8677],{"class":78},[68,62978,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,62980,274],{"class":74},[68,62982,79],{"class":78},[68,62984,3766],{"class":138},[68,62986,85],{"class":78},[33,62988,62989,62994],{},[36,62990,62991,62993],{},[15,62992,24816],{}," makes an empty list",[36,62995,62996,62999],{},[15,62997,62998],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63001,63002],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,63004,63005,63007,63009,63011,63014],{},[36,63006,5351],{},[36,63008,5345],{},[36,63010,5348],{},[36,63012,63013],{},"ranges",[36,63015,7288],{},[93,63017,59637],{"id":59636},[20,63019,224,63020,63022],{},[15,63021,24816],{}," with no arguments:",[59,63024,63026],{"className":61,"code":63025,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63027,63028,63038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63031,7817],{"class":106},[68,63033,111],{"class":110},[68,63035,22595],{"class":74},[68,63037,8677],{"class":78},[68,63039,63040,63042,63044,63046],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63041,129],{"class":128},[68,63043,79],{"class":78},[68,63045,7848],{"class":138},[68,63047,85],{"class":78},[20,63049,180],{},[59,63051,63052],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63053,63054],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63055,63056],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63057,38331],{"class":78},[20,63059,63060],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[59,63062,63064],{"className":61,"code":63063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63065,63066,63076,63080,63098,63116,63120],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63069,7817],{"class":106},[68,63071,111],{"class":110},[68,63073,22595],{"class":74},[68,63075,8677],{"class":78},[68,63077,63078],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63079,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63081,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,63083,7848],{"class":106},[68,63085,236],{"class":78},[68,63087,13585],{"class":138},[68,63089,79],{"class":78},[68,63091,344],{"class":114},[68,63093,4123],{"class":118},[68,63095,344],{"class":114},[68,63097,85],{"class":78},[68,63099,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,63101,7848],{"class":106},[68,63103,236],{"class":78},[68,63105,13585],{"class":138},[68,63107,79],{"class":78},[68,63109,344],{"class":114},[68,63111,4132],{"class":118},[68,63113,344],{"class":114},[68,63115,85],{"class":78},[68,63117,63118],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,63119,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63121,63122,63124,63126,63128],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,63123,129],{"class":128},[68,63125,79],{"class":78},[68,63127,7848],{"class":138},[68,63129,85],{"class":78},[20,63131,180],{},[59,63133,63134],{"className":61,"code":38457,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63135,63136],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63137,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63139,795],{"class":78},[68,63141,203],{"class":114},[68,63143,4123],{"class":118},[68,63145,203],{"class":114},[68,63147,472],{"class":78},[68,63149,197],{"class":114},[68,63151,4132],{"class":118},[68,63153,203],{"class":114},[68,63155,730],{"class":78},[20,63157,63158,63159,63161],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63160,3833],{},". Both are valid.",[93,63163,63165],{"id":63164},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1470,63167,63169],{"id":63168},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[59,63171,63172],{"className":61,"code":59935,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63173,63174,63196],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63175,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63177,3663],{"class":106},[68,63179,111],{"class":110},[68,63181,22595],{"class":74},[68,63183,5552],{"class":78},[68,63185,469],{"class":160},[68,63187,472],{"class":78},[68,63189,475],{"class":160},[68,63191,472],{"class":78},[68,63193,480],{"class":160},[68,63195,142],{"class":78},[68,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63199,129],{"class":128},[68,63201,79],{"class":78},[68,63203,3693],{"class":138},[68,63205,85],{"class":78},[20,63207,180],{},[59,63209,63210],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63211,63212],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63213,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63215,795],{"class":78},[68,63217,469],{"class":160},[68,63219,472],{"class":78},[68,63221,475],{"class":160},[68,63223,472],{"class":78},[68,63225,480],{"class":160},[68,63227,730],{"class":78},[20,63229,63230,63231,236],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[49,63232,63234],{"href":63233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1470,63236,63238],{"id":63237},"string-to-list","String to list",[59,63240,63242],{"className":61,"code":63241,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63243,63244,63262],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63245,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63247,36122],{"class":106},[68,63249,111],{"class":110},[68,63251,22595],{"class":74},[68,63253,79],{"class":78},[68,63255,344],{"class":114},[68,63257,37080],{"class":118},[68,63259,344],{"class":114},[68,63261,85],{"class":78},[68,63263,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63265,129],{"class":128},[68,63267,79],{"class":78},[68,63269,36175],{"class":138},[68,63271,85],{"class":78},[20,63273,180],{},[59,63275,63277],{"className":61,"code":63276,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63278,63279],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63280,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63304,63306],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63282,795],{"class":78},[68,63284,203],{"class":114},[68,63286,9769],{"class":118},[68,63288,203],{"class":114},[68,63290,472],{"class":78},[68,63292,197],{"class":114},[68,63294,49],{"class":118},[68,63296,203],{"class":114},[68,63298,472],{"class":78},[68,63300,197],{"class":114},[68,63302,63303],{"class":118},"t",[68,63305,203],{"class":114},[68,63307,730],{"class":78},[20,63309,63310,63312],{},[15,63311,24816],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1470,63314,63316],{"id":63315},"range-to-list","Range to list",[59,63318,63320],{"className":61,"code":63319,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63321,63322,63340],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63325,3663],{"class":106},[68,63327,111],{"class":110},[68,63329,22595],{"class":74},[68,63331,79],{"class":78},[68,63333,60015],{"class":128},[68,63335,79],{"class":78},[68,63337,1497],{"class":160},[68,63339,142],{"class":78},[68,63341,63342,63344,63346,63348],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63343,129],{"class":128},[68,63345,79],{"class":78},[68,63347,3693],{"class":138},[68,63349,85],{"class":78},[20,63351,180],{},[59,63353,63354],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63355,63356],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63357,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63359,795],{"class":78},[68,63361,2192],{"class":160},[68,63363,472],{"class":78},[68,63365,5539],{"class":160},[68,63367,472],{"class":78},[68,63369,475],{"class":160},[68,63371,472],{"class":78},[68,63373,480],{"class":160},[68,63375,472],{"class":78},[68,63377,2521],{"class":160},[68,63379,730],{"class":78},[20,63381,63382,63383,63387],{},"This is common when working with ",[49,63384,63385],{"href":36227},[15,63386,36230],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1470,63389,63391],{"id":63390},"set-to-list","Set to list",[59,63393,63395],{"className":61,"code":63394,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63396,63397,63419],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63398,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63400,3869],{"class":106},[68,63402,111],{"class":110},[68,63404,22595],{"class":74},[68,63406,494],{"class":78},[68,63408,438],{"class":160},[68,63410,472],{"class":78},[68,63412,7828],{"class":160},[68,63414,472],{"class":78},[68,63416,7833],{"class":160},[68,63418,1240],{"class":78},[68,63420,63421,63423,63425,63427],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63422,129],{"class":128},[68,63424,79],{"class":78},[68,63426,5401],{"class":138},[68,63428,85],{"class":78},[20,63430,16991],{},[59,63432,63434],{"className":61,"code":63433,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63435,63436],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63437,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63439,795],{"class":78},[68,63441,438],{"class":160},[68,63443,472],{"class":78},[68,63445,7828],{"class":160},[68,63447,472],{"class":78},[68,63449,7833],{"class":160},[68,63451,730],{"class":78},[20,63453,63454],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1470,63456,63458],{"id":63457},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[59,63460,63462],{"className":61,"code":63461,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63463,63464,63500,63514,63518],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63467,13237],{"class":106},[68,63469,111],{"class":110},[68,63471,1221],{"class":78},[68,63473,344],{"class":114},[68,63475,139],{"class":118},[68,63477,344],{"class":114},[68,63479,503],{"class":78},[68,63481,115],{"class":114},[68,63483,12913],{"class":118},[68,63485,344],{"class":114},[68,63487,472],{"class":78},[68,63489,115],{"class":114},[68,63491,395],{"class":118},[68,63493,344],{"class":114},[68,63495,503],{"class":78},[68,63497,9335],{"class":160},[68,63499,9338],{"class":78},[68,63501,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63503,2297],{"class":106},[68,63505,111],{"class":110},[68,63507,22595],{"class":74},[68,63509,79],{"class":78},[68,63511,17339],{"class":138},[68,63513,85],{"class":78},[68,63515,63516],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,63517,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63519,63520,63522,63524,63526],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,63521,129],{"class":128},[68,63523,79],{"class":78},[68,63525,2331],{"class":138},[68,63527,85],{"class":78},[20,63529,180],{},[59,63531,63532],{"className":61,"code":25514,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63533,63534],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63535,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63537,795],{"class":78},[68,63539,203],{"class":114},[68,63541,139],{"class":118},[68,63543,203],{"class":114},[68,63545,472],{"class":78},[68,63547,197],{"class":114},[68,63549,395],{"class":118},[68,63551,203],{"class":114},[68,63553,730],{"class":78},[20,63555,63556,63557,63559],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63558,24816],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63561,63562,63563,236],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[49,63564,63566],{"href":63565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[93,63568,63570],{"id":63569},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63572,63573],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63575,61172],{},[33,63577,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588],{},[36,63579,5342],{},[36,63581,5345],{},[36,63583,5351],{},[36,63585,5348],{},[36,63587,63013],{},[36,63589,7288],{},[20,63591,63592],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[59,63594,63596],{"className":61,"code":63595,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63597,63598],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63599,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63613,63615],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63601,129],{"class":128},[68,63603,79],{"class":78},[68,63605,274],{"class":74},[68,63607,79],{"class":78},[68,63609,344],{"class":114},[68,63611,63612],{"class":118},"hi",[68,63614,344],{"class":114},[68,63616,142],{"class":78},[20,63618,180],{},[59,63620,63622],{"className":61,"code":63621,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63623,63624],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63625,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63627,795],{"class":78},[68,63629,203],{"class":114},[68,63631,60455],{"class":118},[68,63633,203],{"class":114},[68,63635,472],{"class":78},[68,63637,197],{"class":114},[68,63639,36186],{"class":118},[68,63641,203],{"class":114},[68,63643,730],{"class":78},[20,63645,63646],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[59,63648,63650],{"className":61,"code":63649,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63651,63652],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63653,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63655,129],{"class":128},[68,63657,79],{"class":78},[68,63659,274],{"class":74},[68,63661,79],{"class":78},[68,63663,1497],{"class":160},[68,63665,142],{"class":78},[20,63667,180],{},[59,63669,63671],{"className":61,"code":63670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63672,63673],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63676,3060],{"class":74},[68,63678,503],{"class":78},[68,63680,197],{"class":114},[68,63682,217],{"class":118},[68,63684,203],{"class":114},[68,63686,24653],{"class":74},[68,63688,8133],{"class":110},[68,63690,8136],{"class":110},[68,63692,63693],{"class":106}," iterable\n",[20,63695,63696,63697,63699,63700,236],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[49,63698,5181],{"href":5626},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[49,63701,63702],{"href":52615},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[93,63704,63706],{"id":63705},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63708,63709,63710,63713],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63711,63712],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[59,63715,63717],{"className":61,"code":63716,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63718,63719,63739,63753,63757,63767,63777],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63720,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63722,12118],{"class":106},[68,63724,111],{"class":110},[68,63726,725],{"class":78},[68,63728,469],{"class":160},[68,63730,472],{"class":78},[68,63732,475],{"class":160},[68,63734,472],{"class":78},[68,63736,480],{"class":160},[68,63738,730],{"class":78},[68,63740,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63742,14344],{"class":106},[68,63744,111],{"class":110},[68,63746,22595],{"class":74},[68,63748,79],{"class":78},[68,63750,12165],{"class":138},[68,63752,85],{"class":78},[68,63754,63755],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,63756,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63758,63759,63761,63763,63765],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,63760,129],{"class":128},[68,63762,79],{"class":78},[68,63764,12165],{"class":138},[68,63766,85],{"class":78},[68,63768,63769,63771,63773,63775],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,63770,129],{"class":128},[68,63772,79],{"class":78},[68,63774,14363],{"class":138},[68,63776,85],{"class":78},[68,63778,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,63780,129],{"class":128},[68,63782,79],{"class":78},[68,63784,12118],{"class":138},[68,63786,12226],{"class":1098},[68,63788,14417],{"class":138},[68,63790,85],{"class":78},[20,63792,180],{},[59,63794,63796],{"className":61,"code":63795,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63797,63798,63814,63830],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63799,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63801,795],{"class":78},[68,63803,469],{"class":160},[68,63805,472],{"class":78},[68,63807,475],{"class":160},[68,63809,472],{"class":78},[68,63811,480],{"class":160},[68,63813,730],{"class":78},[68,63815,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63817,795],{"class":78},[68,63819,469],{"class":160},[68,63821,472],{"class":78},[68,63823,475],{"class":160},[68,63825,472],{"class":78},[68,63827,480],{"class":160},[68,63829,730],{"class":78},[68,63831,63832],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,63833,4084],{"class":526},[20,63835,63836,63837,63839],{},"This means ",[15,63838,14363],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63841,63842,63843,63845],{},"However, this is only a ",[1301,63844,12883],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[59,63847,63849],{"className":61,"code":63848,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63850,63851,63877,63891,63895,63913,63917,63927],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63852,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63854,12118],{"class":106},[68,63856,111],{"class":110},[68,63858,56310],{"class":78},[68,63860,469],{"class":160},[68,63862,472],{"class":78},[68,63864,475],{"class":160},[68,63866,18095],{"class":78},[68,63868,725],{"class":78},[68,63870,2135],{"class":160},[68,63872,472],{"class":78},[68,63874,2521],{"class":160},[68,63876,53258],{"class":78},[68,63878,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63880,14344],{"class":106},[68,63882,111],{"class":110},[68,63884,22595],{"class":74},[68,63886,79],{"class":78},[68,63888,12165],{"class":138},[68,63890,85],{"class":78},[68,63892,63893],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,63894,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63896,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,63898,14363],{"class":106},[68,63900,795],{"class":78},[68,63902,2192],{"class":160},[68,63904,13582],{"class":78},[68,63906,13585],{"class":138},[68,63908,79],{"class":78},[68,63910,56363],{"class":160},[68,63912,85],{"class":78},[68,63914,63915],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,63916,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,63918,63919,63921,63923,63925],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,63920,129],{"class":128},[68,63922,79],{"class":78},[68,63924,12165],{"class":138},[68,63926,85],{"class":78},[68,63928,63929,63931,63933,63935],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,63930,129],{"class":128},[68,63932,79],{"class":78},[68,63934,14363],{"class":138},[68,63936,85],{"class":78},[20,63938,180],{},[59,63940,63941],{"className":61,"code":56394,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,63942,63943,63969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,63944,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,63946,56401],{"class":78},[68,63948,469],{"class":160},[68,63950,472],{"class":78},[68,63952,475],{"class":160},[68,63954,472],{"class":78},[68,63956,10227],{"class":160},[68,63958,18095],{"class":78},[68,63960,725],{"class":78},[68,63962,2135],{"class":160},[68,63964,472],{"class":78},[68,63966,2521],{"class":160},[68,63968,53258],{"class":78},[68,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,63972,56401],{"class":78},[68,63974,469],{"class":160},[68,63976,472],{"class":78},[68,63978,475],{"class":160},[68,63980,472],{"class":78},[68,63982,10227],{"class":160},[68,63984,18095],{"class":78},[68,63986,725],{"class":78},[68,63988,2135],{"class":160},[68,63990,472],{"class":78},[68,63992,2521],{"class":160},[68,63994,53258],{"class":78},[20,63996,63997],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63999,64000,64001,236],{},"For more on this, see ",[49,64002,13823],{"href":13822},[93,64004,64006],{"id":64005},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64008,64009,64010,236],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64011,24816],{},[1470,64013,64015],{"id":64014},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[59,64017,64019],{"className":61,"code":64018,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64020,64021,64061],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64022,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64024,12896],{"class":106},[68,64026,111],{"class":110},[68,64028,1221],{"class":78},[68,64030,344],{"class":114},[68,64032,139],{"class":118},[68,64034,344],{"class":114},[68,64036,503],{"class":78},[68,64038,115],{"class":114},[68,64040,7959],{"class":118},[68,64042,344],{"class":114},[68,64044,472],{"class":78},[68,64046,115],{"class":114},[68,64048,19925],{"class":118},[68,64050,344],{"class":114},[68,64052,503],{"class":78},[68,64054,115],{"class":114},[68,64056,22280],{"class":118},[68,64058,344],{"class":114},[68,64060,9338],{"class":78},[68,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64064,129],{"class":128},[68,64066,79],{"class":78},[68,64068,274],{"class":74},[68,64070,79],{"class":78},[68,64072,13658],{"class":138},[68,64074,142],{"class":78},[20,64076,180],{},[59,64078,64080],{"className":61,"code":64079,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64081,64082],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64083,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64085,795],{"class":78},[68,64087,203],{"class":114},[68,64089,139],{"class":118},[68,64091,203],{"class":114},[68,64093,472],{"class":78},[68,64095,197],{"class":114},[68,64097,19925],{"class":118},[68,64099,203],{"class":114},[68,64101,730],{"class":78},[1470,64103,64105],{"id":64104},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[59,64107,64109],{"className":61,"code":64108,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64110,64111,64151],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64112,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64114,12896],{"class":106},[68,64116,111],{"class":110},[68,64118,1221],{"class":78},[68,64120,344],{"class":114},[68,64122,139],{"class":118},[68,64124,344],{"class":114},[68,64126,503],{"class":78},[68,64128,115],{"class":114},[68,64130,7959],{"class":118},[68,64132,344],{"class":114},[68,64134,472],{"class":78},[68,64136,115],{"class":114},[68,64138,19925],{"class":118},[68,64140,344],{"class":114},[68,64142,503],{"class":78},[68,64144,115],{"class":114},[68,64146,22280],{"class":118},[68,64148,344],{"class":114},[68,64150,9338],{"class":78},[68,64152,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64154,129],{"class":128},[68,64156,79],{"class":78},[68,64158,274],{"class":74},[68,64160,79],{"class":78},[68,64162,13658],{"class":138},[68,64164,236],{"class":78},[68,64166,5401],{"class":138},[68,64168,6331],{"class":78},[20,64170,180],{},[59,64172,64174],{"className":61,"code":64173,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64175,64176],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64177,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64179,795],{"class":78},[68,64181,203],{"class":114},[68,64183,7959],{"class":118},[68,64185,203],{"class":114},[68,64187,472],{"class":78},[68,64189,197],{"class":114},[68,64191,22280],{"class":118},[68,64193,203],{"class":114},[68,64195,730],{"class":78},[1470,64197,64199],{"id":64198},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[59,64201,64203],{"className":61,"code":64202,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64204,64205,64245],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64206,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64208,12896],{"class":106},[68,64210,111],{"class":110},[68,64212,1221],{"class":78},[68,64214,344],{"class":114},[68,64216,139],{"class":118},[68,64218,344],{"class":114},[68,64220,503],{"class":78},[68,64222,115],{"class":114},[68,64224,7959],{"class":118},[68,64226,344],{"class":114},[68,64228,472],{"class":78},[68,64230,115],{"class":114},[68,64232,19925],{"class":118},[68,64234,344],{"class":114},[68,64236,503],{"class":78},[68,64238,115],{"class":114},[68,64240,22280],{"class":118},[68,64242,344],{"class":114},[68,64244,9338],{"class":78},[68,64246,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64248,129],{"class":128},[68,64250,79],{"class":78},[68,64252,274],{"class":74},[68,64254,79],{"class":78},[68,64256,13658],{"class":138},[68,64258,236],{"class":78},[68,64260,7848],{"class":138},[68,64262,6331],{"class":78},[20,64264,180],{},[59,64266,64268],{"className":61,"code":64267,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64269,64270],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64271,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64273,21775],{"class":78},[68,64275,203],{"class":114},[68,64277,139],{"class":118},[68,64279,203],{"class":114},[68,64281,472],{"class":78},[68,64283,197],{"class":114},[68,64285,7959],{"class":118},[68,64287,203],{"class":114},[68,64289,9263],{"class":78},[68,64291,9266],{"class":78},[68,64293,203],{"class":114},[68,64295,19925],{"class":118},[68,64297,203],{"class":114},[68,64299,472],{"class":78},[68,64301,197],{"class":114},[68,64303,22280],{"class":118},[68,64305,203],{"class":114},[68,64307,9279],{"class":78},[20,64309,64310],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[93,64312,64314],{"id":64313},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64316,224,64317,10630],{},[15,64318,24816],{},[33,64320,64321,64329,64338],{},[36,64322,64323,64324,384,64326],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64325,52668],{},[15,64327,64328],{},"sort()",[36,64330,64331,64332,384,64334,64337],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64333,36230],{},[15,64335,64336],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,64339,64340],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64342,46063,64343,503],{},[15,64344,64336],{},[59,64346,64348],{"className":61,"code":64347,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64349,64350,64374,64390,64394,64417],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64351,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64353,5040],{"class":106},[68,64355,111],{"class":110},[68,64357,725],{"class":78},[68,64359,344],{"class":114},[68,64361,12913],{"class":118},[68,64363,344],{"class":114},[68,64365,472],{"class":78},[68,64367,115],{"class":114},[68,64369,35972],{"class":118},[68,64371,344],{"class":114},[68,64373,730],{"class":78},[68,64375,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64377,5108],{"class":106},[68,64379,111],{"class":110},[68,64381,725],{"class":78},[68,64383,13534],{"class":160},[68,64385,472],{"class":78},[68,64387,13539],{"class":160},[68,64389,730],{"class":78},[68,64391,64392],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,64393,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,64395,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,64397,9245],{"class":106},[68,64399,111],{"class":110},[68,64401,22595],{"class":74},[68,64403,79],{"class":78},[68,64405,64406],{"class":128},"zip",[68,64408,79],{"class":78},[68,64410,5083],{"class":138},[68,64412,472],{"class":78},[68,64414,5155],{"class":138},[68,64416,142],{"class":78},[68,64418,64419,64421,64423,64425],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,64420,129],{"class":128},[68,64422,79],{"class":78},[68,64424,9292],{"class":138},[68,64426,85],{"class":78},[20,64428,180],{},[59,64430,64432],{"className":61,"code":64431,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64433,64434],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64435,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64437,21775],{"class":78},[68,64439,203],{"class":114},[68,64441,12913],{"class":118},[68,64443,203],{"class":114},[68,64445,472],{"class":78},[68,64447,19932],{"class":160},[68,64449,9263],{"class":78},[68,64451,9266],{"class":78},[68,64453,203],{"class":114},[68,64455,35972],{"class":118},[68,64457,203],{"class":114},[68,64459,472],{"class":78},[68,64461,13539],{"class":160},[68,64463,9279],{"class":78},[20,64465,64466,64467,64469,64470,236],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64468,52668],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[49,64471,53065],{"href":53064},[93,64473,4563],{"id":4562},[20,64475,56792,64476,236],{},[15,64477,24816],{},[1470,64479,64481],{"id":64480},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64483,4570],{},[59,64485,64487],{"className":61,"code":64486,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64488,64489,64493],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64490,64491],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64492,4580],{"class":3708},[68,64494,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64496,274],{"class":74},[68,64498,79],{"class":78},[68,64500,469],{"class":160},[68,64502,472],{"class":78},[68,64504,475],{"class":160},[68,64506,472],{"class":78},[68,64508,480],{"class":160},[68,64510,85],{"class":78},[20,64512,64513,64515],{},[15,64514,24816],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64517,18728],{},[59,64519,64521],{"className":61,"code":64520,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64522,64523],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64524,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64526,129],{"class":128},[68,64528,79],{"class":78},[68,64530,274],{"class":74},[68,64532,5552],{"class":78},[68,64534,469],{"class":160},[68,64536,472],{"class":78},[68,64538,475],{"class":160},[68,64540,472],{"class":78},[68,64542,480],{"class":160},[68,64544,2970],{"class":78},[1470,64546,64548,64549],{"id":64547},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[68,64550,383],{},[20,64552,64553],{},"This is a common surprise:",[59,64555,64557],{"className":61,"code":64556,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64558,64559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64560,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64562,129],{"class":128},[68,64564,79],{"class":78},[68,64566,274],{"class":74},[68,64568,79],{"class":78},[68,64570,344],{"class":114},[68,64572,347],{"class":118},[68,64574,344],{"class":114},[68,64576,142],{"class":78},[20,64578,180],{},[59,64580,64582],{"className":61,"code":64581,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64583,64584],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64585,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64587,795],{"class":78},[68,64589,203],{"class":114},[68,64591,60455],{"class":118},[68,64593,203],{"class":114},[68,64595,472],{"class":78},[68,64597,197],{"class":114},[68,64599,60464],{"class":118},[68,64601,203],{"class":114},[68,64603,472],{"class":78},[68,64605,197],{"class":114},[68,64607,60473],{"class":118},[68,64609,203],{"class":114},[68,64611,472],{"class":78},[68,64613,197],{"class":114},[68,64615,60473],{"class":118},[68,64617,203],{"class":114},[68,64619,472],{"class":78},[68,64621,197],{"class":114},[68,64623,60490],{"class":118},[68,64625,203],{"class":114},[68,64627,730],{"class":78},[20,64629,64630],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64632,64633],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[59,64635,64637],{"className":61,"code":64636,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64638,64639],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64640,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64642,129],{"class":128},[68,64644,466],{"class":78},[68,64646,344],{"class":114},[68,64648,347],{"class":118},[68,64650,344],{"class":114},[68,64652,3933],{"class":78},[1470,64654,64656],{"id":64655},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64658,1479],{},[59,64660,64662],{"className":61,"code":64661,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64663,64664,64696],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64665,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64667,9197],{"class":106},[68,64669,111],{"class":110},[68,64671,1221],{"class":78},[68,64673,344],{"class":114},[68,64675,49],{"class":118},[68,64677,344],{"class":114},[68,64679,503],{"class":78},[68,64681,5539],{"class":160},[68,64683,472],{"class":78},[68,64685,115],{"class":114},[68,64687,4806],{"class":118},[68,64689,344],{"class":114},[68,64691,503],{"class":78},[68,64693,475],{"class":160},[68,64695,9338],{"class":78},[68,64697,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64699,129],{"class":128},[68,64701,79],{"class":78},[68,64703,274],{"class":74},[68,64705,79],{"class":78},[68,64707,9234],{"class":138},[68,64709,142],{"class":78},[20,64711,64712],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64714,224,64715,64718],{},[15,64716,64717],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1470,64720,64722],{"id":64721},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64724,64725,64727],{},[15,64726,24816],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64729,64730],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[93,64732,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,64734,5221,64736,64738],{"id":64735},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[68,64737],{}," and list()?",[20,64740,64741,64742,64744,64745,64747],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64743,3833],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64746,24816],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1470,64749,64751],{"id":64750},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64753,64754,64755,64757],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64756,24816],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1470,64759,64761],{"id":64760},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64763,64764],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1470,64766,64768],{"id":64767},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64770,64771],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1470,64773,64775],{"id":64774},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64777,64778,64779,64781],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64780,24816],{}," cannot loop through it.",[93,64783,1952],{"id":1951},[33,64785,64786,64790,64795,64799,64803,64807,64811,64816],{},[36,64787,64788],{},[49,64789,52787],{"href":50994},[36,64791,64792],{},[49,64793,64794],{"href":36227},"Python range() function explained",[36,64796,64797],{},[49,64798,63234],{"href":63233},[36,64800,64801],{},[49,64802,63566],{"href":63565},[36,64804,64805],{},[49,64806,5258],{"href":5626},[36,64808,64809],{},[49,64810,13823],{"href":13822},[36,64812,64813],{},[49,64814,64815],{"href":52615},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,64817,64818],{},[49,64819,54294],{"href":53064},[1995,64821,64822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":64824},[64825,64826,64827,64828,64829,64836,64837,64838,64843,64844,64851,64859],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":62936,"depth":125,"text":62937},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":59636,"depth":125,"text":59637},{"id":63164,"depth":125,"text":63165,"children":64830},[64831,64832,64833,64834,64835],{"id":63168,"depth":145,"text":63169},{"id":63237,"depth":145,"text":63238},{"id":63315,"depth":145,"text":63316},{"id":63390,"depth":145,"text":63391},{"id":63457,"depth":145,"text":63458},{"id":63569,"depth":125,"text":63570},{"id":63705,"depth":125,"text":63706},{"id":64005,"depth":125,"text":64006,"children":64839},[64840,64841,64842],{"id":64014,"depth":145,"text":64015},{"id":64104,"depth":145,"text":64105},{"id":64198,"depth":145,"text":64199},{"id":64313,"depth":125,"text":64314},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":64845},[64846,64847,64849,64850],{"id":64480,"depth":145,"text":64481},{"id":64547,"depth":145,"text":64848},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64655,"depth":145,"text":64656},{"id":64721,"depth":145,"text":64722},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":64852},[64853,64855,64856,64857,64858],{"id":64735,"depth":145,"text":64854},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64750,"depth":145,"text":64751},{"id":64760,"depth":145,"text":64761},{"id":64767,"depth":145,"text":64768},{"id":64774,"depth":145,"text":64775},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62771,"description":64860},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64867,"title":64868,"body":64869,"description":66220,"extension":2033,"meta":66221,"navigation":148,"path":66222,"seo":66223,"stem":66224,"__hash__":66225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64870,"toc":66194},[64871,64876,64882,64891,64893,64966,64975,64980,64984,65000,65004,65006,65008,65027,65030,65058,65061,65086,65094,65096,65101,65108,65110,65167,65169,65177,65183,65187,65190,65263,65265,65273,65276,65299,65306,65312,65316,65322,65393,65395,65403,65412,65419,65426,65434,65578,65580,65597,65600,65639,65642,65646,65651,65653,65712,65718,65721,65828,65830,65845,65848,65855,65857,65861,66009,66012,66073,66076,66079,66100,66105,66109,66120,66123,66125,66130,66133,66141,66146,66152,66155,66161,66169,66171,66191],[10,64872,54358,64874,11352],{"id":64873},"python-list-index-method",[15,64875,58984],{},[20,64877,64878,64881],{},[15,64879,64880],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64883,64884,64885,64888,64889,236],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1301,64886,64887],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64890,40738],{},[93,64892,96],{"id":95},[59,64894,64896],{"className":61,"code":64895,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64897,64898,64930,64953],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,64899,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,64901,7817],{"class":106},[68,64903,111],{"class":110},[68,64905,725],{"class":78},[68,64907,344],{"class":114},[68,64909,4123],{"class":118},[68,64911,344],{"class":114},[68,64913,472],{"class":78},[68,64915,115],{"class":114},[68,64917,4132],{"class":118},[68,64919,344],{"class":114},[68,64921,472],{"class":78},[68,64923,115],{"class":114},[68,64925,4141],{"class":118},[68,64927,344],{"class":114},[68,64929,730],{"class":78},[68,64931,64932,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,64933,64934],{"class":106},"position ",[68,64936,111],{"class":110},[68,64938,6006],{"class":106},[68,64940,236],{"class":78},[68,64942,35877],{"class":138},[68,64944,79],{"class":78},[68,64946,344],{"class":114},[68,64948,4132],{"class":118},[68,64950,344],{"class":114},[68,64952,85],{"class":78},[68,64954,64955,64957,64959,64962,64964],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,64956,129],{"class":128},[68,64958,79],{"class":78},[68,64960,64961],{"class":138},"position",[68,64963,1701],{"class":78},[68,64965,27814],{"class":3708},[20,64967,224,64968,64971,64972,64974],{},[15,64969,64970],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64973,40738],{}," if the item is not found.",[93,64976,3722,64978,3725],{"id":64977},"what-listindex-does",[15,64979,64880],{},[20,64981,64982,503],{},[15,64983,64880],{},[33,64985,64986,64989,64992,64997],{},[36,64987,64988],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,64990,64991],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,64993,64994,64995],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64996,2192],{},[36,64998,64999],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65001,54583,65002,236],{},[49,65003,52787],{"href":54586},[93,65005,303],{"id":302},[20,65007,30759],{},[59,65009,65011],{"className":61,"code":65010,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65012,65013],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65014,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65016,8374],{"class":106},[68,65018,236],{"class":78},[68,65020,35877],{"class":138},[68,65022,79],{"class":78},[68,65024,665],{"class":138},[68,65026,85],{"class":78},[20,65028,65029],{},"You can also limit the search:",[59,65031,65033],{"className":61,"code":65032,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65034,65035],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65036,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65056],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65038,8374],{"class":106},[68,65040,236],{"class":78},[68,65042,35877],{"class":138},[68,65044,79],{"class":78},[68,65046,665],{"class":138},[68,65048,472],{"class":78},[68,65050,36083],{"class":138},[68,65052,472],{"class":78},[68,65054,65055],{"class":138}," end",[68,65057,85],{"class":78},[20,65059,65060],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,65062,65063,65068,65073,65078],{},[36,65064,65065,65067],{},[15,65066,665],{},": the item to search for",[36,65069,65070,65072],{},[15,65071,36104],{},": where the search begins",[36,65074,65075,65077],{},[15,65076,52676],{},": where the search stops",[36,65079,65080,4829,65082,65085],{},[15,65081,52676],{},[1301,65083,65084],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65087,65088,65089,65091,65092,236],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65090,36104],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65093,52676],{},[93,65095,38054],{"id":38053},[20,65097,65098,65100],{},[15,65099,64880],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65102,65103,65104,65107],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1301,65105,65106],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65109,326],{},[59,65111,65113],{"className":61,"code":65112,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65114,65115,65135,65153,65157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65116,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65118,3663],{"class":106},[68,65120,111],{"class":110},[68,65122,725],{"class":78},[68,65124,438],{"class":160},[68,65126,472],{"class":78},[68,65128,7828],{"class":160},[68,65130,472],{"class":78},[68,65132,7833],{"class":160},[68,65134,730],{"class":78},[68,65136,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65138,2297],{"class":106},[68,65140,111],{"class":110},[68,65142,4308],{"class":106},[68,65144,236],{"class":78},[68,65146,35877],{"class":138},[68,65148,79],{"class":78},[68,65150,15786],{"class":160},[68,65152,85],{"class":78},[68,65154,65155],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65156,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,65158,65159,65161,65163,65165],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,65160,129],{"class":128},[68,65162,79],{"class":78},[68,65164,2331],{"class":138},[68,65166,85],{"class":78},[20,65168,180],{},[59,65170,65171],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,65172,65173],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65174,65175],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65176,46937],{"class":160},[20,65178,65179,65180,65182],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65181,58984],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[93,65184,65186],{"id":65185},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65188,65189],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[59,65191,65193],{"className":61,"code":65192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65194,65195,65227,65249,65253],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65196,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65198,36271],{"class":106},[68,65200,111],{"class":110},[68,65202,725],{"class":78},[68,65204,344],{"class":114},[68,65206,4123],{"class":118},[68,65208,344],{"class":114},[68,65210,472],{"class":78},[68,65212,115],{"class":114},[68,65214,4132],{"class":118},[68,65216,344],{"class":114},[68,65218,472],{"class":78},[68,65220,115],{"class":114},[68,65222,4141],{"class":118},[68,65224,344],{"class":114},[68,65226,730],{"class":78},[68,65228,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65230,64934],{"class":106},[68,65232,111],{"class":110},[68,65234,52867],{"class":106},[68,65236,236],{"class":78},[68,65238,35877],{"class":138},[68,65240,79],{"class":78},[68,65242,344],{"class":114},[68,65244,4141],{"class":118},[68,65246,344],{"class":114},[68,65248,85],{"class":78},[68,65250,65251],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65252,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,65254,65255,65257,65259,65261],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,65256,129],{"class":128},[68,65258,79],{"class":78},[68,65260,64961],{"class":138},[68,65262,85],{"class":78},[20,65264,180],{},[59,65266,65267],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,65268,65269],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65270,65271],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65272,17089],{"class":160},[20,65274,65275],{},"In this list:",[33,65277,65278,65285,65292],{},[36,65279,65280,65282,65283],{},[15,65281,57849],{}," is at index ",[15,65284,2192],{},[36,65286,65287,65282,65290],{},[15,65288,65289],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65291,469],{},[36,65293,65294,65282,65297],{},[15,65295,65296],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65298,2129],{},[20,65300,53669,65301,1541,65304,236],{},[15,65302,65303],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65305,2129],{},[20,65307,51558,65308,236],{},[49,65309,65311],{"href":65310},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[93,65313,65315],{"id":65314},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65317,65318,65319,65321],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65320,58984],{}," returns the first match only.",[59,65323,65325],{"className":61,"code":65324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65326,65327,65367,65371],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65328,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65330,13108],{"class":106},[68,65332,111],{"class":110},[68,65334,725],{"class":78},[68,65336,344],{"class":114},[68,65338,13125],{"class":118},[68,65340,344],{"class":114},[68,65342,472],{"class":78},[68,65344,115],{"class":114},[68,65346,13142],{"class":118},[68,65348,344],{"class":114},[68,65350,472],{"class":78},[68,65352,115],{"class":114},[68,65354,13125],{"class":118},[68,65356,344],{"class":114},[68,65358,472],{"class":78},[68,65360,115],{"class":114},[68,65362,17488],{"class":118},[68,65364,344],{"class":114},[68,65366,730],{"class":78},[68,65368,65369],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65370,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65374,129],{"class":128},[68,65376,79],{"class":78},[68,65378,17535],{"class":138},[68,65380,236],{"class":78},[68,65382,35877],{"class":138},[68,65384,79],{"class":78},[68,65386,344],{"class":114},[68,65388,13125],{"class":118},[68,65390,344],{"class":114},[68,65392,142],{"class":78},[20,65394,180],{},[59,65396,65397],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,65398,65399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65400,65401],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65402,47272],{"class":160},[20,65404,21012,65405,65408,65409,65411],{},[15,65406,65407],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65410,2192],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65413,65414,65415,236],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[49,65416,55536,65417,10770],{"href":59043},[15,65418,57306],{},[93,65420,633,65422,232,65424],{"id":65421},"using-start-and-end",[15,65423,36104],{},[15,65425,52676],{},[20,65427,65428,65429,232,65431,65433],{},"The optional ",[15,65430,36104],{},[15,65432,52676],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[59,65435,65437],{"className":61,"code":65436,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65438,65439,65487,65491,65516,65545],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65440,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65442,36122],{"class":106},[68,65444,111],{"class":110},[68,65446,725],{"class":78},[68,65448,344],{"class":114},[68,65450,49],{"class":118},[68,65452,344],{"class":114},[68,65454,472],{"class":78},[68,65456,115],{"class":114},[68,65458,4806],{"class":118},[68,65460,344],{"class":114},[68,65462,472],{"class":78},[68,65464,115],{"class":114},[68,65466,9769],{"class":118},[68,65468,344],{"class":114},[68,65470,472],{"class":78},[68,65472,115],{"class":114},[68,65474,4806],{"class":118},[68,65476,344],{"class":114},[68,65478,472],{"class":78},[68,65480,115],{"class":114},[68,65482,18801],{"class":118},[68,65484,344],{"class":114},[68,65486,730],{"class":78},[68,65488,65489],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65490,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,65492,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65494,129],{"class":128},[68,65496,79],{"class":78},[68,65498,36175],{"class":138},[68,65500,236],{"class":78},[68,65502,35877],{"class":138},[68,65504,79],{"class":78},[68,65506,344],{"class":114},[68,65508,4806],{"class":118},[68,65510,344],{"class":114},[68,65512,1636],{"class":78},[68,65514,65515],{"class":3708},"        # first match\n",[68,65517,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,65519,129],{"class":128},[68,65521,79],{"class":78},[68,65523,36175],{"class":138},[68,65525,236],{"class":78},[68,65527,35877],{"class":138},[68,65529,79],{"class":78},[68,65531,344],{"class":114},[68,65533,4806],{"class":118},[68,65535,344],{"class":114},[68,65537,472],{"class":78},[68,65539,475],{"class":160},[68,65541,1636],{"class":78},[68,65543,65544],{"class":3708},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[68,65546,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,65548,129],{"class":128},[68,65550,79],{"class":78},[68,65552,36175],{"class":138},[68,65554,236],{"class":78},[68,65556,35877],{"class":138},[68,65558,79],{"class":78},[68,65560,344],{"class":114},[68,65562,4806],{"class":118},[68,65564,344],{"class":114},[68,65566,472],{"class":78},[68,65568,5539],{"class":160},[68,65570,472],{"class":78},[68,65572,2521],{"class":160},[68,65574,1636],{"class":78},[68,65576,65577],{"class":3708},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65579,180],{},[59,65581,65583],{"className":61,"code":65582,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65584,65585,65589,65593],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65586,65587],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65588,46937],{"class":160},[68,65590,65591],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65592,46637],{"class":160},[68,65594,65595],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65596,46937],{"class":160},[20,65598,65599],{},"How this works:",[33,65601,65602,65614,65627],{},[36,65603,65604,65607,65608,65611,65612],{},[15,65605,65606],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65609,65610],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65613,469],{},[36,65615,65616,65619,65620,65622,65623,65611,65625],{},[15,65617,65618],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65621,2129],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65624,65610],{},[15,65626,2135],{},[36,65628,65629,65632,65633,1448,65635,1453,65637],{},[15,65630,65631],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65634,469],{},[15,65636,2129],{},[15,65638,2135],{},[20,65640,65641],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[93,65643,65645],{"id":65644},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65647,65648,65649,236],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65650,40738],{},[20,65652,326],{},[59,65654,65656],{"className":61,"code":65655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65657,65658,65690],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65659,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65661,7817],{"class":106},[68,65663,111],{"class":110},[68,65665,725],{"class":78},[68,65667,344],{"class":114},[68,65669,4123],{"class":118},[68,65671,344],{"class":114},[68,65673,472],{"class":78},[68,65675,115],{"class":114},[68,65677,4132],{"class":118},[68,65679,344],{"class":114},[68,65681,472],{"class":78},[68,65683,115],{"class":114},[68,65685,4141],{"class":118},[68,65687,344],{"class":114},[68,65689,730],{"class":78},[68,65691,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65693,129],{"class":128},[68,65695,79],{"class":78},[68,65697,7848],{"class":138},[68,65699,236],{"class":78},[68,65701,35877],{"class":138},[68,65703,79],{"class":78},[68,65705,344],{"class":114},[68,65707,33254],{"class":118},[68,65709,344],{"class":114},[68,65711,142],{"class":78},[20,65713,39688,65714,65717],{},[15,65715,65716],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65719,65720],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[59,65722,65724],{"className":61,"code":65723,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65725,65726,65758,65771,65775,65788,65807,65813],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65727,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65729,7817],{"class":106},[68,65731,111],{"class":110},[68,65733,725],{"class":78},[68,65735,344],{"class":114},[68,65737,4123],{"class":118},[68,65739,344],{"class":114},[68,65741,472],{"class":78},[68,65743,115],{"class":114},[68,65745,4132],{"class":118},[68,65747,344],{"class":114},[68,65749,472],{"class":78},[68,65751,115],{"class":114},[68,65753,4141],{"class":118},[68,65755,344],{"class":114},[68,65757,730],{"class":78},[68,65759,65760,65763,65765,65767,65769],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65761,65762],{"class":106},"search_value ",[68,65764,111],{"class":110},[68,65766,115],{"class":114},[68,65768,33254],{"class":118},[68,65770,122],{"class":114},[68,65772,65773],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,65774,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,65776,65777,65779,65782,65784,65786],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,65778,1099],{"class":1098},[68,65780,65781],{"class":106}," search_value ",[68,65783,3927],{"class":110},[68,65785,6006],{"class":106},[68,65787,1648],{"class":78},[68,65789,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65805],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,65791,1118],{"class":128},[68,65793,79],{"class":78},[68,65795,7848],{"class":138},[68,65797,236],{"class":78},[68,65799,35877],{"class":138},[68,65801,79],{"class":78},[68,65803,65804],{"class":138},"search_value",[68,65806,142],{"class":78},[68,65808,65809,65811],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,65810,27468],{"class":1098},[68,65812,1648],{"class":78},[68,65814,65815,65817,65819,65821,65824,65826],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,65816,1118],{"class":128},[68,65818,79],{"class":78},[68,65820,344],{"class":114},[68,65822,65823],{"class":118},"Item not found",[68,65825,344],{"class":114},[68,65827,85],{"class":78},[20,65829,180],{},[59,65831,65833],{"className":61,"code":65832,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Item not found\n",[15,65834,65835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65836,65837,65840,65842],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65838,65839],{"class":106},"Item ",[68,65841,1303],{"class":110},[68,65843,65844],{"class":106}," found\n",[20,65846,65847],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65849,65850,65851,236],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[49,65852,65854],{"href":65853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[93,65856,4563],{"id":4562},[20,65858,21246,65859,503],{},[15,65860,64880],{},[33,65862,65863,65881,65893,65953],{},[36,65864,25808,65865,1541,65867,65870,65871,65873,65874,5203,65876,65878,65879,236],{},[15,65866,58984],{},[15,65868,65869],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9876,65872],{},"\nPython does ",[1301,65875,1303],{},[15,65877,65869],{},". It raises ",[15,65880,40738],{},[36,65882,65883,65884,65886,65889,65890,65892],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9876,65885],{},[15,65887,65888],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65891,65289],{},", not the value itself.",[36,65894,633,65895,1776,65898,65900,65902,65903,16688,65905,65928,16676,65930],{},[15,65896,65897],{},"index[]",[15,65899,58984],{},[9876,65901],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9876,65904],{},[59,65906,65908],{"className":61,"code":65907,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65909,65910],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65911,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65913,7848],{"class":106},[68,65915,236],{"class":78},[68,65917,35877],{"class":138},[68,65919,79],{"class":78},[68,65921,344],{"class":114},[68,65923,4132],{"class":118},[68,65925,344],{"class":114},[68,65927,85],{"class":78},[9876,65929],{},[59,65931,65933],{"className":61,"code":65932,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65934,65935],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65936,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65938,7848],{"class":106},[68,65940,236],{"class":78},[68,65942,35877],{"class":1267},[68,65944,795],{"class":78},[68,65946,344],{"class":114},[68,65948,4132],{"class":118},[68,65950,344],{"class":114},[68,65952,730],{"class":78},[36,65954,65955,65956,65958,232,65961,65963,65964],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9876,65957],{},[15,65959,65960],{},"\"3\"",[15,65962,2135],{}," are different values in Python.",[59,65965,65967],{"className":61,"code":65966,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65968,65969,65989],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,65970,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,65972,3663],{"class":106},[68,65974,111],{"class":110},[68,65976,725],{"class":78},[68,65978,469],{"class":160},[68,65980,472],{"class":78},[68,65982,475],{"class":160},[68,65984,472],{"class":78},[68,65986,480],{"class":160},[68,65988,730],{"class":78},[68,65990,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,65992,129],{"class":128},[68,65994,79],{"class":78},[68,65996,344],{"class":114},[68,65998,2135],{"class":118},[68,66000,344],{"class":114},[68,66002,21208],{"class":1098},[68,66004,4308],{"class":138},[68,66006,1701],{"class":78},[68,66008,4817],{"class":3708},[20,66010,66011],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[59,66013,66015],{"className":61,"code":66014,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66016,66017,66027,66041,66055],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66018,66019,66021,66023,66025],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66020,129],{"class":128},[68,66022,79],{"class":78},[68,66024,8374],{"class":138},[68,66026,85],{"class":78},[68,66028,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66030,129],{"class":128},[68,66032,79],{"class":78},[68,66034,75],{"class":74},[68,66036,79],{"class":78},[68,66038,65804],{"class":138},[68,66040,142],{"class":78},[68,66042,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66044,129],{"class":128},[68,66046,79],{"class":78},[68,66048,65762],{"class":138},[68,66050,3927],{"class":1098},[68,66052,8430],{"class":138},[68,66054,85],{"class":78},[68,66056,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,66058,129],{"class":128},[68,66060,79],{"class":78},[68,66062,8374],{"class":138},[68,66064,236],{"class":78},[68,66066,35877],{"class":138},[68,66068,79],{"class":78},[68,66070,65804],{"class":138},[68,66072,142],{"class":78},[20,66074,66075],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66077,66078],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,66080,66081,66084,66091,66097],{},[36,66082,66083],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,66085,66086,66087,1776,66089],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66088,65960],{},[15,66090,2135],{},[36,66092,66093,66094,66096],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66095,58984],{}," returns only the first one",[36,66098,66099],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[93,66101,1311,66103],{"id":66102},"when-to-use-index",[15,66104,58984],{},[20,66106,224,66107,10630],{},[15,66108,58984],{},[33,66110,66111,66114,66117],{},[36,66112,66113],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,66115,66116],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,66118,66119],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66121,66122],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[93,66124,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,66126,1878,66128,1881],{"id":66127},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66129,64880],{},[20,66131,66132],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1470,66134,12736,66136,5203,66138,66140],{"id":66135},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66137,64880],{},[15,66139,65869],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66142,66143,66144,6670],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66145,40738],{},[1470,66147,1939,66149,66151],{"id":66148},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66150,64880],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66153,66154],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1470,66156,66158,66159,1906],{"id":66157},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66160,58984],{},[20,66162,66163,66164,232,66166,66168],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66165,36104],{},[15,66167,52676],{}," arguments.",[93,66170,1952],{"id":1951},[33,66172,66173,66177,66181,66185],{},[36,66174,66175],{},[49,66176,58972],{"href":65310},[36,66178,66179],{},[49,66180,52787],{"href":54586},[36,66182,66183],{},[49,66184,65854],{"href":65853},[36,66186,66187],{},[49,66188,55536,66189,10770],{"href":59043},[15,66190,57306],{},[1995,66192,66193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":66195},[66196,66197,66199,66200,66201,66202,66203,66205,66206,66207,66209,66219],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":64977,"depth":125,"text":66198},"What list.index() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":38053,"depth":125,"text":38054},{"id":65185,"depth":125,"text":65186},{"id":65314,"depth":125,"text":65315},{"id":65421,"depth":125,"text":66204},"Using start and end",{"id":65644,"depth":125,"text":65645},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563},{"id":66102,"depth":125,"text":66208},"When to use index()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":66210},[66211,66213,66215,66217],{"id":66127,"depth":145,"text":66212},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66135,"depth":145,"text":66214},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66148,"depth":145,"text":66216},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66157,"depth":145,"text":66218},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64868,"description":66220},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66227,"title":66228,"body":66229,"description":68171,"extension":2033,"meta":68172,"navigation":148,"path":68173,"seo":68174,"stem":68175,"__hash__":68176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66230,"toc":68131},[66231,66236,66241,66244,66253,66310,66316,66321,66325,66339,66345,66347,66370,66387,66389,66450,66452,66484,66497,66499,66502,66602,66604,66682,66688,66692,66700,66704,66710,66765,66767,66791,66795,66798,66851,66853,66877,66881,66884,66937,66939,66963,66967,66973,67044,67046,67087,67093,67100,67103,67108,67116,67121,67129,67131,67228,67230,67299,67306,67311,67313,67317,67322,67324,67395,67397,67426,67432,67434,67461,67464,67487,67491,67494,67516,67519,67542,67544,67604,67606,67638,67644,67649,67702,67704,67729,67732,67781,67783,67804,67808,67813,67816,67871,67873,67900,67907,67911,67916,67987,67990,68004,68009,68014,68016,68030,68042,68047,68049,68054,68059,68063,68066,68072,68078,68085,68093,68095,68128],[10,66232,54358,66234,11352],{"id":66233},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66235,54284],{},[20,66237,66238,66240],{},[15,66239,53927],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66242,66243],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66245,224,66246,66248,66249,236],{},[15,66247,54284],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[49,66250,55536,66251,10770],{"href":56785},[15,66252,52668],{},[59,66254,66256],{"className":61,"code":66255,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66257,66258,66278,66296,66306],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66259,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66261,3663],{"class":106},[68,66263,111],{"class":110},[68,66265,725],{"class":78},[68,66267,469],{"class":160},[68,66269,472],{"class":78},[68,66271,475],{"class":160},[68,66273,472],{"class":78},[68,66275,2521],{"class":160},[68,66277,730],{"class":78},[68,66279,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66281,3693],{"class":106},[68,66283,236],{"class":78},[68,66285,53967],{"class":138},[68,66287,79],{"class":78},[68,66289,2129],{"class":160},[68,66291,472],{"class":78},[68,66293,480],{"class":160},[68,66295,85],{"class":78},[68,66297,66298,66300,66302,66304],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66299,129],{"class":128},[68,66301,79],{"class":78},[68,66303,3693],{"class":138},[68,66305,85],{"class":78},[68,66307,66308],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,66309,52739],{"class":3708},[20,66311,224,66312,66315],{},[15,66313,66314],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[93,66317,3722,66319,3725],{"id":66318},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66320,53927],{},[20,66322,66323,503],{},[15,66324,53927],{},[33,66326,66327,66330,66333,66335],{},[36,66328,66329],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,66331,66332],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,66334,54444],{},[36,66336,11454,66337],{},[15,66338,3824],{},[20,66340,66341,66342,66344],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66343,54284],{}," does not create a new list.",[93,66346,5473],{"id":5472},[59,66348,66350],{"className":61,"code":66349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66351,66352],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66353,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66355,8374],{"class":106},[68,66357,236],{"class":78},[68,66359,53967],{"class":138},[68,66361,79],{"class":78},[68,66363,35877],{"class":138},[68,66365,472],{"class":78},[68,66367,29541],{"class":138},[68,66369,85],{"class":78},[33,66371,66372,66377,66382],{},[36,66373,66374,66376],{},[15,66375,35877],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,66378,66379,66381],{},[15,66380,23346],{}," is the value to add",[36,66383,66384,66385],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66386,2192],{},[20,66388,326],{},[59,66390,66392],{"className":61,"code":66391,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66393,66394,66418,66440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66395,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66397,36122],{"class":106},[68,66399,111],{"class":110},[68,66401,725],{"class":78},[68,66403,344],{"class":114},[68,66405,49],{"class":118},[68,66407,344],{"class":114},[68,66409,472],{"class":78},[68,66411,115],{"class":114},[68,66413,9769],{"class":118},[68,66415,344],{"class":114},[68,66417,730],{"class":78},[68,66419,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66421,36175],{"class":106},[68,66423,236],{"class":78},[68,66425,53967],{"class":138},[68,66427,79],{"class":78},[68,66429,469],{"class":160},[68,66431,472],{"class":78},[68,66433,115],{"class":114},[68,66435,4806],{"class":118},[68,66437,344],{"class":114},[68,66439,85],{"class":78},[68,66441,66442,66444,66446,66448],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66443,129],{"class":128},[68,66445,79],{"class":78},[68,66447,36175],{"class":138},[68,66449,85],{"class":78},[20,66451,180],{},[59,66453,66454],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,66455,66456],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66457,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66459,795],{"class":78},[68,66461,203],{"class":114},[68,66463,49],{"class":118},[68,66465,203],{"class":114},[68,66467,472],{"class":78},[68,66469,197],{"class":114},[68,66471,4806],{"class":118},[68,66473,203],{"class":114},[68,66475,472],{"class":78},[68,66477,197],{"class":114},[68,66479,9769],{"class":118},[68,66481,203],{"class":114},[68,66483,730],{"class":78},[20,66485,20805,66486,66488,66489,66491,66492,232,66494,236],{},[15,66487,65610],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66490,469],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66493,18129],{},[15,66495,66496],{},"\"c\"",[93,66498,5827],{"id":5826},[20,66500,66501],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[59,66503,66505],{"className":61,"code":66504,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66506,66507,66539,66557,66561,66583],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66508,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66510,13108],{"class":106},[68,66512,111],{"class":110},[68,66514,725],{"class":78},[68,66516,344],{"class":114},[68,66518,13125],{"class":118},[68,66520,344],{"class":114},[68,66522,472],{"class":78},[68,66524,115],{"class":114},[68,66526,13142],{"class":118},[68,66528,344],{"class":114},[68,66530,472],{"class":78},[68,66532,115],{"class":114},[68,66534,17488],{"class":118},[68,66536,344],{"class":114},[68,66538,730],{"class":78},[68,66540,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66542,129],{"class":128},[68,66544,79],{"class":78},[68,66546,344],{"class":114},[68,66548,11595],{"class":118},[68,66550,344],{"class":114},[68,66552,472],{"class":78},[68,66554,13156],{"class":138},[68,66556,85],{"class":78},[68,66558,66559],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66560,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,66562,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,66564,17535],{"class":106},[68,66566,236],{"class":78},[68,66568,53967],{"class":138},[68,66570,79],{"class":78},[68,66572,469],{"class":160},[68,66574,472],{"class":78},[68,66576,115],{"class":114},[68,66578,22559],{"class":118},[68,66580,344],{"class":114},[68,66582,85],{"class":78},[68,66584,66585,66587,66589,66591,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,66586,129],{"class":128},[68,66588,79],{"class":78},[68,66590,344],{"class":114},[68,66592,66593],{"class":118},"After: ",[68,66595,344],{"class":114},[68,66597,472],{"class":78},[68,66599,13156],{"class":138},[68,66601,85],{"class":78},[20,66603,180],{},[59,66605,66607],{"className":61,"code":66606,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66608,66609,66641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66610,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66612,11655],{"class":106},[68,66614,503],{"class":78},[68,66616,725],{"class":78},[68,66618,203],{"class":114},[68,66620,13125],{"class":118},[68,66622,203],{"class":114},[68,66624,472],{"class":78},[68,66626,197],{"class":114},[68,66628,13142],{"class":118},[68,66630,203],{"class":114},[68,66632,472],{"class":78},[68,66634,197],{"class":114},[68,66636,17488],{"class":118},[68,66638,203],{"class":114},[68,66640,730],{"class":78},[68,66642,66643,66645,66647,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66644,11708],{"class":106},[68,66646,503],{"class":78},[68,66648,66649],{"class":78},"  [",[68,66651,203],{"class":114},[68,66653,13125],{"class":118},[68,66655,203],{"class":114},[68,66657,472],{"class":78},[68,66659,197],{"class":114},[68,66661,22559],{"class":118},[68,66663,203],{"class":114},[68,66665,472],{"class":78},[68,66667,197],{"class":114},[68,66669,13142],{"class":118},[68,66671,203],{"class":114},[68,66673,472],{"class":78},[68,66675,197],{"class":114},[68,66677,17488],{"class":118},[68,66679,203],{"class":114},[68,66681,730],{"class":78},[20,66683,66684,66685,66687],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66686,469],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[93,66689,66691],{"id":66690},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66693,2050,66694,35360,66696,66699],{},[15,66695,35877],{},[15,66697,66698],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1470,66701,66703],{"id":66702},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66705,66706,66707,66709],{},"Use index ",[15,66708,2192],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[59,66711,66713],{"className":61,"code":66712,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66714,66715,66736,66755],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66716,66717,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66718,66719],{"class":106},"nums ",[68,66721,111],{"class":110},[68,66723,725],{"class":78},[68,66725,2129],{"class":160},[68,66727,472],{"class":78},[68,66729,480],{"class":160},[68,66731,472],{"class":78},[68,66733,2521],{"class":160},[68,66735,730],{"class":78},[68,66737,66738,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66739,66740],{"class":106},"nums",[68,66742,236],{"class":78},[68,66744,53967],{"class":138},[68,66746,79],{"class":78},[68,66748,2192],{"class":160},[68,66750,472],{"class":78},[68,66752,5539],{"class":160},[68,66754,85],{"class":78},[68,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66758,129],{"class":128},[68,66760,79],{"class":78},[68,66762,66740],{"class":138},[68,66764,85],{"class":78},[20,66766,180],{},[59,66768,66769],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,66770,66771],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66772,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66774,795],{"class":78},[68,66776,469],{"class":160},[68,66778,472],{"class":78},[68,66780,475],{"class":160},[68,66782,472],{"class":78},[68,66784,480],{"class":160},[68,66786,472],{"class":78},[68,66788,2521],{"class":160},[68,66790,730],{"class":78},[1470,66792,66794],{"id":66793},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66796,66797],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[59,66799,66801],{"className":61,"code":66800,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66802,66803,66823,66841],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66804,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66806,66719],{"class":106},[68,66808,111],{"class":110},[68,66810,725],{"class":78},[68,66812,469],{"class":160},[68,66814,472],{"class":78},[68,66816,475],{"class":160},[68,66818,472],{"class":78},[68,66820,2521],{"class":160},[68,66822,730],{"class":78},[68,66824,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66826,66740],{"class":106},[68,66828,236],{"class":78},[68,66830,53967],{"class":138},[68,66832,79],{"class":78},[68,66834,2129],{"class":160},[68,66836,472],{"class":78},[68,66838,480],{"class":160},[68,66840,85],{"class":78},[68,66842,66843,66845,66847,66849],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66844,129],{"class":128},[68,66846,79],{"class":78},[68,66848,66740],{"class":138},[68,66850,85],{"class":78},[20,66852,180],{},[59,66854,66855],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,66856,66857],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66858,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66860,795],{"class":78},[68,66862,469],{"class":160},[68,66864,472],{"class":78},[68,66866,475],{"class":160},[68,66868,472],{"class":78},[68,66870,480],{"class":160},[68,66872,472],{"class":78},[68,66874,2521],{"class":160},[68,66876,730],{"class":78},[1470,66878,66880],{"id":66879},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66882,66883],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[59,66885,66887],{"className":61,"code":66886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66888,66889,66909,66927],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66892,66719],{"class":106},[68,66894,111],{"class":110},[68,66896,725],{"class":78},[68,66898,469],{"class":160},[68,66900,472],{"class":78},[68,66902,475],{"class":160},[68,66904,472],{"class":78},[68,66906,480],{"class":160},[68,66908,730],{"class":78},[68,66910,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,66912,66740],{"class":106},[68,66914,236],{"class":78},[68,66916,53967],{"class":138},[68,66918,79],{"class":78},[68,66920,438],{"class":160},[68,66922,472],{"class":78},[68,66924,2521],{"class":160},[68,66926,85],{"class":78},[68,66928,66929,66931,66933,66935],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,66930,129],{"class":128},[68,66932,79],{"class":78},[68,66934,66740],{"class":138},[68,66936,85],{"class":78},[20,66938,180],{},[59,66940,66941],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,66942,66943],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66944,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66946,795],{"class":78},[68,66948,469],{"class":160},[68,66950,472],{"class":78},[68,66952,475],{"class":160},[68,66954,472],{"class":78},[68,66956,480],{"class":160},[68,66958,472],{"class":78},[68,66960,2521],{"class":160},[68,66962,730],{"class":78},[1470,66964,66966],{"id":66965},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66968,66969,66970,66972],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66971,54284],{}," places the item before that position.",[59,66974,66976],{"className":61,"code":66975,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66977,66978,67010,67034],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,66981,36122],{"class":106},[68,66983,111],{"class":110},[68,66985,725],{"class":78},[68,66987,344],{"class":114},[68,66989,49],{"class":118},[68,66991,344],{"class":114},[68,66993,472],{"class":78},[68,66995,115],{"class":114},[68,66997,4806],{"class":118},[68,66999,344],{"class":114},[68,67001,472],{"class":78},[68,67003,115],{"class":114},[68,67005,18801],{"class":118},[68,67007,344],{"class":114},[68,67009,730],{"class":78},[68,67011,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67013,36175],{"class":106},[68,67015,236],{"class":78},[68,67017,53967],{"class":138},[68,67019,79],{"class":78},[68,67021,2094],{"class":110},[68,67023,469],{"class":160},[68,67025,472],{"class":78},[68,67027,115],{"class":114},[68,67029,9769],{"class":118},[68,67031,344],{"class":114},[68,67033,85],{"class":78},[68,67035,67036,67038,67040,67042],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67037,129],{"class":128},[68,67039,79],{"class":78},[68,67041,36175],{"class":138},[68,67043,85],{"class":78},[20,67045,180],{},[59,67047,67049],{"className":61,"code":67048,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67050,67051],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67052,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67054,795],{"class":78},[68,67056,203],{"class":114},[68,67058,49],{"class":118},[68,67060,203],{"class":114},[68,67062,472],{"class":78},[68,67064,197],{"class":114},[68,67066,4806],{"class":118},[68,67068,203],{"class":114},[68,67070,472],{"class":78},[68,67072,197],{"class":114},[68,67074,9769],{"class":118},[68,67076,203],{"class":114},[68,67078,472],{"class":78},[68,67080,197],{"class":114},[68,67082,18801],{"class":118},[68,67084,203],{"class":114},[68,67086,730],{"class":78},[20,67088,67089,67090,2370],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[49,67091,67092],{"href":50994},"Python lists beginner guide",[93,67094,67096,969,67098],{"id":67095},"insert-vs-append",[15,67097,54284],{},[15,67099,52668],{},[20,67101,67102],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1470,67104,224,67106,10630],{"id":67105},"use-insert-when",[15,67107,54284],{},[33,67109,67110,67113],{},[36,67111,67112],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,67114,67115],{},"The order of the list matters",[1470,67117,224,67119,10630],{"id":67118},"use-append-when",[15,67120,52668],{},[33,67122,67123,67126],{},[36,67124,67125],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,67127,67128],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67130,326],{},[59,67132,67134],{"className":61,"code":67133,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67135,67136,67160,67164,67186,67196,67200,67218],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67137,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67139,7817],{"class":106},[68,67141,111],{"class":110},[68,67143,725],{"class":78},[68,67145,344],{"class":114},[68,67147,4123],{"class":118},[68,67149,344],{"class":114},[68,67151,472],{"class":78},[68,67153,115],{"class":114},[68,67155,33254],{"class":118},[68,67157,344],{"class":114},[68,67159,730],{"class":78},[68,67161,67162],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67163,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,67165,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67167,7848],{"class":106},[68,67169,236],{"class":78},[68,67171,53967],{"class":138},[68,67173,79],{"class":78},[68,67175,469],{"class":160},[68,67177,472],{"class":78},[68,67179,115],{"class":114},[68,67181,4132],{"class":118},[68,67183,344],{"class":114},[68,67185,85],{"class":78},[68,67187,67188,67190,67192,67194],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,67189,129],{"class":128},[68,67191,79],{"class":78},[68,67193,7848],{"class":138},[68,67195,85],{"class":78},[68,67197,67198],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,67199,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,67201,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,67203,7848],{"class":106},[68,67205,236],{"class":78},[68,67207,13585],{"class":138},[68,67209,79],{"class":78},[68,67211,344],{"class":114},[68,67213,22568],{"class":118},[68,67215,344],{"class":114},[68,67217,85],{"class":78},[68,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,67221,129],{"class":128},[68,67223,79],{"class":78},[68,67225,7848],{"class":138},[68,67227,85],{"class":78},[20,67229,180],{},[59,67231,67233],{"className":61,"code":67232,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67234,67235,67263],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67236,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67238,795],{"class":78},[68,67240,203],{"class":114},[68,67242,4123],{"class":118},[68,67244,203],{"class":114},[68,67246,472],{"class":78},[68,67248,197],{"class":114},[68,67250,4132],{"class":118},[68,67252,203],{"class":114},[68,67254,472],{"class":78},[68,67256,197],{"class":114},[68,67258,33254],{"class":118},[68,67260,203],{"class":114},[68,67262,730],{"class":78},[68,67264,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67266,795],{"class":78},[68,67268,203],{"class":114},[68,67270,4123],{"class":118},[68,67272,203],{"class":114},[68,67274,472],{"class":78},[68,67276,197],{"class":114},[68,67278,4132],{"class":118},[68,67280,203],{"class":114},[68,67282,472],{"class":78},[68,67284,197],{"class":114},[68,67286,33254],{"class":118},[68,67288,203],{"class":114},[68,67290,472],{"class":78},[68,67292,197],{"class":114},[68,67294,22568],{"class":118},[68,67296,203],{"class":114},[68,67298,730],{"class":78},[20,67300,67301,67302,236],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[49,67303,55536,67304,10770],{"href":56785},[15,67305,52668],{},[20,67307,67308,67309,236],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[49,67310,53065],{"href":53064},[93,67312,4563],{"id":4562},[20,67314,1753,67315,236],{},[15,67316,54284],{},[1470,67318,12626,67320],{"id":67319},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67321,54284],{},[20,67323,25724],{},[59,67325,67327],{"className":61,"code":67326,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67328,67329,67349,67371,67375,67385],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67330,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67332,3663],{"class":106},[68,67334,111],{"class":110},[68,67336,725],{"class":78},[68,67338,469],{"class":160},[68,67340,472],{"class":78},[68,67342,475],{"class":160},[68,67344,472],{"class":78},[68,67346,480],{"class":160},[68,67348,730],{"class":78},[68,67350,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67352,2297],{"class":106},[68,67354,111],{"class":110},[68,67356,4308],{"class":106},[68,67358,236],{"class":78},[68,67360,53967],{"class":138},[68,67362,79],{"class":78},[68,67364,469],{"class":160},[68,67366,472],{"class":78},[68,67368,10227],{"class":160},[68,67370,85],{"class":78},[68,67372,67373],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67374,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,67376,67377,67379,67381,67383],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,67378,129],{"class":128},[68,67380,79],{"class":78},[68,67382,2331],{"class":138},[68,67384,85],{"class":78},[68,67386,67387,67389,67391,67393],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,67388,129],{"class":128},[68,67390,79],{"class":78},[68,67392,3693],{"class":138},[68,67394,85],{"class":78},[20,67396,180],{},[59,67398,67400],{"className":61,"code":67399,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67401,67402,67406],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67403,67404],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67405,11840],{"class":526},[68,67407,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67409,795],{"class":78},[68,67411,469],{"class":160},[68,67413,472],{"class":78},[68,67415,10227],{"class":160},[68,67417,472],{"class":78},[68,67419,475],{"class":160},[68,67421,472],{"class":78},[68,67423,480],{"class":160},[68,67425,730],{"class":78},[20,67427,67428,54169,67430,236],{},[15,67429,54284],{},[15,67431,3824],{},[20,67433,16676],{},[59,67435,67437],{"className":61,"code":67436,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67438,67439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67440,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67442,55906],{"class":106},[68,67444,111],{"class":110},[68,67446,4308],{"class":106},[68,67448,236],{"class":78},[68,67450,53967],{"class":138},[68,67452,79],{"class":78},[68,67454,469],{"class":160},[68,67456,472],{"class":78},[68,67458,10227],{"class":160},[68,67460,85],{"class":78},[20,67462,67463],{},"Right:",[59,67465,67467],{"className":61,"code":67466,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67468,67469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67470,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67472,3693],{"class":106},[68,67474,236],{"class":78},[68,67476,53967],{"class":138},[68,67478,79],{"class":78},[68,67480,469],{"class":160},[68,67482,472],{"class":78},[68,67484,10227],{"class":160},[68,67486,85],{"class":78},[1470,67488,67490],{"id":67489},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67492,67493],{},"The correct order is:",[59,67495,67496],{"className":61,"code":66349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,67497,67498],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67499,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67501,8374],{"class":106},[68,67503,236],{"class":78},[68,67505,53967],{"class":138},[68,67507,79],{"class":78},[68,67509,35877],{"class":138},[68,67511,472],{"class":78},[68,67513,29541],{"class":138},[68,67515,85],{"class":78},[20,67517,67518],{},"Not:",[59,67520,67522],{"className":61,"code":67521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67523,67524],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67525,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67527,8374],{"class":106},[68,67529,236],{"class":78},[68,67531,53967],{"class":138},[68,67533,79],{"class":78},[68,67535,23346],{"class":138},[68,67537,472],{"class":78},[68,67539,35852],{"class":138},[68,67541,85],{"class":78},[20,67543,326],{},[59,67545,67546],{"className":61,"code":66391,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,67547,67548,67572,67594],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67549,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67551,36122],{"class":106},[68,67553,111],{"class":110},[68,67555,725],{"class":78},[68,67557,344],{"class":114},[68,67559,49],{"class":118},[68,67561,344],{"class":114},[68,67563,472],{"class":78},[68,67565,115],{"class":114},[68,67567,9769],{"class":118},[68,67569,344],{"class":114},[68,67571,730],{"class":78},[68,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67575,36175],{"class":106},[68,67577,236],{"class":78},[68,67579,53967],{"class":138},[68,67581,79],{"class":78},[68,67583,469],{"class":160},[68,67585,472],{"class":78},[68,67587,115],{"class":114},[68,67589,4806],{"class":118},[68,67591,344],{"class":114},[68,67593,85],{"class":78},[68,67595,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67597,129],{"class":128},[68,67599,79],{"class":78},[68,67601,36175],{"class":138},[68,67603,85],{"class":78},[20,67605,180],{},[59,67607,67608],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,67609,67610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67611,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67613,795],{"class":78},[68,67615,203],{"class":114},[68,67617,49],{"class":118},[68,67619,203],{"class":114},[68,67621,472],{"class":78},[68,67623,197],{"class":114},[68,67625,4806],{"class":118},[68,67627,203],{"class":114},[68,67629,472],{"class":78},[68,67631,197],{"class":114},[68,67633,9769],{"class":118},[68,67635,203],{"class":114},[68,67637,730],{"class":78},[1470,67639,1770,67641,67643],{"id":67640},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67642,54284],{}," to replace an item",[20,67645,67646,67648],{},[15,67647,54284],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[59,67650,67652],{"className":61,"code":67651,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67653,67654,67674,67692],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67655,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67657,3663],{"class":106},[68,67659,111],{"class":110},[68,67661,725],{"class":78},[68,67663,469],{"class":160},[68,67665,472],{"class":78},[68,67667,475],{"class":160},[68,67669,472],{"class":78},[68,67671,480],{"class":160},[68,67673,730],{"class":78},[68,67675,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67677,3693],{"class":106},[68,67679,236],{"class":78},[68,67681,53967],{"class":138},[68,67683,79],{"class":78},[68,67685,469],{"class":160},[68,67687,472],{"class":78},[68,67689,10227],{"class":160},[68,67691,85],{"class":78},[68,67693,67694,67696,67698,67700],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67695,129],{"class":128},[68,67697,79],{"class":78},[68,67699,3693],{"class":138},[68,67701,85],{"class":78},[20,67703,180],{},[59,67705,67707],{"className":61,"code":67706,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67708,67709],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67710,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67712,795],{"class":78},[68,67714,469],{"class":160},[68,67716,472],{"class":78},[68,67718,10227],{"class":160},[68,67720,472],{"class":78},[68,67722,475],{"class":160},[68,67724,472],{"class":78},[68,67726,480],{"class":160},[68,67728,730],{"class":78},[20,67730,67731],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[59,67733,67735],{"className":61,"code":67734,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67736,67737,67757,67771],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67738,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67740,3663],{"class":106},[68,67742,111],{"class":110},[68,67744,725],{"class":78},[68,67746,469],{"class":160},[68,67748,472],{"class":78},[68,67750,475],{"class":160},[68,67752,472],{"class":78},[68,67754,480],{"class":160},[68,67756,730],{"class":78},[68,67758,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67760,3693],{"class":106},[68,67762,795],{"class":78},[68,67764,469],{"class":160},[68,67766,800],{"class":78},[68,67768,13308],{"class":110},[68,67770,14163],{"class":160},[68,67772,67773,67775,67777,67779],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67774,129],{"class":128},[68,67776,79],{"class":78},[68,67778,3693],{"class":138},[68,67780,85],{"class":78},[20,67782,180],{},[59,67784,67786],{"className":61,"code":67785,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67787,67788],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67791,795],{"class":78},[68,67793,469],{"class":160},[68,67795,472],{"class":78},[68,67797,10227],{"class":160},[68,67799,472],{"class":78},[68,67801,480],{"class":160},[68,67803,730],{"class":78},[1470,67805,67807],{"id":67806},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67809,67810,67812],{},[15,67811,54284],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67814,67815],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[59,67817,67819],{"className":61,"code":67818,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67820,67821,67837,67861],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67822,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67824,3663],{"class":106},[68,67826,111],{"class":110},[68,67828,725],{"class":78},[68,67830,469],{"class":160},[68,67832,472],{"class":78},[68,67834,2521],{"class":160},[68,67836,730],{"class":78},[68,67838,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67840,3693],{"class":106},[68,67842,236],{"class":78},[68,67844,53967],{"class":138},[68,67846,79],{"class":78},[68,67848,469],{"class":160},[68,67850,472],{"class":78},[68,67852,725],{"class":78},[68,67854,2129],{"class":160},[68,67856,472],{"class":78},[68,67858,480],{"class":160},[68,67860,3933],{"class":78},[68,67862,67863,67865,67867,67869],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67864,129],{"class":128},[68,67866,79],{"class":78},[68,67868,3693],{"class":138},[68,67870,85],{"class":78},[20,67872,180],{},[59,67874,67876],{"className":61,"code":67875,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67877,67878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67879,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67881,795],{"class":78},[68,67883,469],{"class":160},[68,67885,472],{"class":78},[68,67887,725],{"class":78},[68,67889,2129],{"class":160},[68,67891,472],{"class":78},[68,67893,480],{"class":160},[68,67895,18095],{"class":78},[68,67897,2521],{"class":160},[68,67899,730],{"class":78},[20,67901,67902,67903,236],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[49,67904,55536,67905,10770],{"href":53360},[15,67906,53462],{},[1470,67908,67910],{"id":67909},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67912,8909,67913,67915],{},[15,67914,54284],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[59,67917,67919],{"className":61,"code":67918,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67920,67921,67931,67945,67963,67977],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,67922,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,67924,129],{"class":128},[68,67926,79],{"class":78},[68,67928,8374],{"class":138},[68,67930,85],{"class":78},[68,67932,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,67934,129],{"class":128},[68,67936,79],{"class":78},[68,67938,11191],{"class":128},[68,67940,79],{"class":78},[68,67942,8374],{"class":138},[68,67944,142],{"class":78},[68,67946,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959,67961],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,67948,129],{"class":128},[68,67950,79],{"class":78},[68,67952,8374],{"class":138},[68,67954,236],{"class":78},[68,67956,53967],{"class":1267},[68,67958,236],{"class":78},[68,67960,34479],{"class":34486},[68,67962,85],{"class":78},[68,67964,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,67966,1850],{"class":128},[68,67968,79],{"class":78},[68,67970,274],{"class":74},[68,67972,236],{"class":78},[68,67974,53967],{"class":1267},[68,67976,85],{"class":78},[68,67978,67979,67981,67983,67985],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,67980,75],{"class":74},[68,67982,79],{"class":78},[68,67984,8374],{"class":138},[68,67986,85],{"class":78},[20,67988,67989],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,67991,67992,67995,67998,68001],{},[36,67993,67994],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,67996,67997],{},"How long the list is",[36,67999,68000],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,68002,68003],{},"How Python describes the method",[93,68005,1311,68007],{"id":68006},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68008,54284],{},[20,68010,224,68011,68013],{},[15,68012,54284],{}," when position matters.",[20,68015,36458],{},[33,68017,68018,68021,68024,68027],{},[36,68019,68020],{},"Ordered menus",[36,68022,68023],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,68025,68026],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,68028,68029],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68031,68032,68033,68035,68036,68038,68039,68041],{},"You usually do ",[1301,68034,1303],{}," need ",[15,68037,54284],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68040,52668],{}," is simpler.",[20,68043,68044,68045,236],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[49,68046,57171],{"href":57170},[93,68048,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,68050,12736,68052,55485],{"id":68051},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68053,53927],{},[20,68055,68056,68057,236],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68058,3824],{},[1470,68060,68062],{"id":68061},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68064,68065],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1470,68067,1939,68069,68071],{"id":68068},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68070,53927],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68073,68074,68075,68077],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68076,53462],{}," or slicing.",[1470,68079,5221,68081,232,68083,1906],{"id":68080},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68082,54284],{},[15,68084,52668],{},[20,68086,68087,68089,68090,68092],{},[15,68088,54284],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68091,52668],{}," adds only at the end.",[93,68094,1952],{"id":1951},[33,68096,68097,68103,68109,68113,68117,68121],{},[36,68098,68099],{},[49,68100,55536,68101,10770],{"href":56785},[15,68102,52668],{},[36,68104,68105],{},[49,68106,55536,68107,10770],{"href":53360},[15,68108,53462],{},[36,68110,68111],{},[49,68112,54294],{"href":53064},[36,68114,68115],{},[49,68116,52787],{"href":50994},[36,68118,68119],{},[49,68120,57244],{"href":57170},[36,68122,68123],{},[49,68124,30382,68125,33667],{"href":54312},[15,68126,68127],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1995,68129,68130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":68132},[68133,68135,68136,68137,68143,68150,68159,68161,68170],{"id":66318,"depth":125,"text":68134},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473},{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":66690,"depth":125,"text":66691,"children":68138},[68139,68140,68141,68142],{"id":66702,"depth":145,"text":66703},{"id":66793,"depth":145,"text":66794},{"id":66879,"depth":145,"text":66880},{"id":66965,"depth":145,"text":66966},{"id":67095,"depth":125,"text":68144,"children":68145},"insert() vs append()",[68146,68148],{"id":67105,"depth":145,"text":68147},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67118,"depth":145,"text":68149},"Use append() when:",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":68151},[68152,68154,68155,68157,68158],{"id":67319,"depth":145,"text":68153},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67489,"depth":145,"text":67490},{"id":67640,"depth":145,"text":68156},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67806,"depth":145,"text":67807},{"id":67909,"depth":145,"text":67910},{"id":68006,"depth":125,"text":68160},"When to use insert()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":68162},[68163,68165,68166,68168],{"id":68051,"depth":145,"text":68164},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68061,"depth":145,"text":68062},{"id":68068,"depth":145,"text":68167},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68080,"depth":145,"text":68169},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66228,"description":68171},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68178,"title":68179,"body":68180,"description":69734,"extension":2033,"meta":69735,"navigation":148,"path":58989,"seo":69736,"stem":69737,"__hash__":69738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68181,"toc":69707},[68182,68188,68197,68246,68248,68256,68262,68264,68282,68288,68293,68296,68299,68314,68316,68368,68370,68378,68386,68393,68395,68401,68466,68468,68476,68478,68497,68500,68551,68555,68560,68587,68589,68597,68600,68669,68671,68686,68692,68696,68705,68708,68763,68765,68773,68776,68778,68823,68825,68833,68839,68841,68849,68852,68854,68893,68895,68934,68939,68941,68943,68978,68981,68983,69021,69025,69031,69033,69084,69086,69094,69101,69104,69124,69127,69182,69193,69195,69256,69258,69267,69274,69280,69283,69286,69343,69346,69359,69366,69372,69378,69380,69393,69396,69493,69495,69512,69515,69597,69599,69621,69628,69634,69636,69640,69646,69652,69657,69661,69664,69670,69677,69679,69704],[10,68183,68185,68186,1701],{"id":68184},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68187,11191],{},[20,68189,68190,68191,68193,68194,68196],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68192,42390],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68195,42390],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[59,68198,68200],{"className":61,"code":68199,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68201,68202,68222,68236],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68203,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68205,3663],{"class":106},[68,68207,111],{"class":110},[68,68209,725],{"class":78},[68,68211,438],{"class":160},[68,68213,472],{"class":78},[68,68215,7828],{"class":160},[68,68217,472],{"class":78},[68,68219,7833],{"class":160},[68,68221,730],{"class":78},[68,68223,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68225,41273],{"class":106},[68,68227,111],{"class":110},[68,68229,38420],{"class":128},[68,68231,79],{"class":78},[68,68233,3693],{"class":138},[68,68235,85],{"class":78},[68,68237,68238,68240,68242,68244],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,68239,129],{"class":128},[68,68241,79],{"class":78},[68,68243,41291],{"class":138},[68,68245,85],{"class":78},[20,68247,180],{},[59,68249,68250],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68251,68252],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68253,68254],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68255,46637],{"class":160},[20,68257,224,68258,68261],{},[15,68259,68260],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[93,68263,15194],{"id":15193},[33,68265,68266,68271,68276,68279],{},[36,68267,4243,68268,68270],{},[15,68269,42390],{}," works with Python lists",[36,68272,68273,68274,11737],{},"What value ",[15,68275,42390],{},[36,68277,68278],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,68280,68281],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[93,68283,3722,68285,68287],{"id":68284},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68286,42390],{}," returns for a list",[20,68289,68290,65100],{},[15,68291,68292],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68294,68295],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68297,68298],{},"A few important points:",[33,68300,68301,68304,68309],{},[36,68302,68303],{},"It counts list items",[36,68305,1524,68306,68308],{},[1301,68307,1303],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,68310,68311,68312],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68313,2192],{},[20,68315,326],{},[59,68317,68319],{"className":61,"code":68318,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68320,68321,68354],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68322,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68324,4114],{"class":106},[68,68326,111],{"class":110},[68,68328,725],{"class":78},[68,68330,344],{"class":114},[68,68332,37080],{"class":118},[68,68334,344],{"class":114},[68,68336,472],{"class":78},[68,68338,115],{"class":114},[68,68340,68341],{"class":118},"elephant",[68,68343,344],{"class":114},[68,68345,472],{"class":78},[68,68347,115],{"class":114},[68,68349,58143],{"class":118},[68,68351,344],{"class":114},[68,68353,730],{"class":78},[68,68355,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68357,129],{"class":128},[68,68359,79],{"class":78},[68,68361,11191],{"class":128},[68,68363,79],{"class":78},[68,68365,4158],{"class":138},[68,68367,142],{"class":78},[20,68369,180],{},[59,68371,68372],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68373,68374],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68375,68376],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68377,46637],{"class":160},[20,68379,21012,68380,68383,68384,65107],{},[15,68381,68382],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1301,68385,52672],{},[20,68387,68388,68389,236],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[49,68390,13,68391,1151],{"href":42387},[15,68392,42390],{},[93,68394,5827],{"id":5826},[20,68396,68397,68398,68400],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68399,42390],{},", and print the result.",[59,68402,68404],{"className":61,"code":68403,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68405,68406,68438,68452,68456],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68407,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68409,13108],{"class":106},[68,68411,111],{"class":110},[68,68413,725],{"class":78},[68,68415,344],{"class":114},[68,68417,13125],{"class":118},[68,68419,344],{"class":114},[68,68421,472],{"class":78},[68,68423,115],{"class":114},[68,68425,17488],{"class":118},[68,68427,344],{"class":114},[68,68429,472],{"class":78},[68,68431,115],{"class":114},[68,68433,13142],{"class":118},[68,68435,344],{"class":114},[68,68437,730],{"class":78},[68,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68441,41273],{"class":106},[68,68443,111],{"class":110},[68,68445,38420],{"class":128},[68,68447,79],{"class":78},[68,68449,17535],{"class":138},[68,68451,85],{"class":78},[68,68453,68454],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,68455,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,68457,68458,68460,68462,68464],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,68459,129],{"class":128},[68,68461,79],{"class":78},[68,68463,41291],{"class":138},[68,68465,85],{"class":78},[20,68467,180],{},[59,68469,68470],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68471,68472],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68473,68474],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68475,46637],{"class":160},[20,68477,11715],{},[33,68479,68480,68485,68492],{},[36,68481,68482,68484],{},[15,68483,17535],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,68486,68487,1541,68490],{},[15,68488,68489],{},"len(colors)",[15,68491,2135],{},[36,68493,68494,68495],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68496,41291],{},[20,68498,68499],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[59,68501,68503],{"className":61,"code":68502,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68504,68505,68537],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68506,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68508,13108],{"class":106},[68,68510,111],{"class":110},[68,68512,725],{"class":78},[68,68514,344],{"class":114},[68,68516,13125],{"class":118},[68,68518,344],{"class":114},[68,68520,472],{"class":78},[68,68522,115],{"class":114},[68,68524,17488],{"class":118},[68,68526,344],{"class":114},[68,68528,472],{"class":78},[68,68530,115],{"class":114},[68,68532,13142],{"class":118},[68,68534,344],{"class":114},[68,68536,730],{"class":78},[68,68538,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68540,129],{"class":128},[68,68542,79],{"class":78},[68,68544,11191],{"class":128},[68,68546,79],{"class":78},[68,68548,17535],{"class":138},[68,68550,142],{"class":78},[93,68552,68554],{"id":68553},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68556,68557,68558,236],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68559,2192],{},[59,68561,68563],{"className":61,"code":68562,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68564,68565,68573],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68566,68567,68569,68571],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68568,7817],{"class":106},[68,68570,111],{"class":110},[68,68572,7877],{"class":78},[68,68574,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68576,129],{"class":128},[68,68578,79],{"class":78},[68,68580,11191],{"class":128},[68,68582,79],{"class":78},[68,68584,7848],{"class":138},[68,68586,142],{"class":78},[20,68588,180],{},[59,68590,68591],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68592,68593],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68594,68595],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68596,47272],{"class":160},[20,68598,68599],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[59,68601,68603],{"className":61,"code":68602,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68604,68605,68613,68617,68635,68649,68655],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68606,68607,68609,68611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68608,7817],{"class":106},[68,68610,111],{"class":110},[68,68612,7877],{"class":78},[68,68614,68615],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68616,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,68618,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,68620,1099],{"class":1098},[68,68622,38420],{"class":128},[68,68624,79],{"class":78},[68,68626,7848],{"class":138},[68,68628,1701],{"class":78},[68,68630,38430],{"class":110},[68,68632,3880],{"class":160},[68,68634,1648],{"class":78},[68,68636,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,68638,1118],{"class":128},[68,68640,79],{"class":78},[68,68642,7848],{"class":138},[68,68644,795],{"class":78},[68,68646,2192],{"class":160},[68,68648,3933],{"class":78},[68,68650,68651,68653],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,68652,27468],{"class":1098},[68,68654,1648],{"class":78},[68,68656,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,68658,1118],{"class":128},[68,68660,79],{"class":78},[68,68662,344],{"class":114},[68,68664,51831],{"class":118},[68,68666,344],{"class":114},[68,68668,85],{"class":78},[20,68670,180],{},[59,68672,68674],{"className":61,"code":68673,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The list is empty\n",[15,68675,68676],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68677,68678,68680,68682,68684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68679,2050],{"class":106},[68,68681,274],{"class":74},[68,68683,8133],{"class":110},[68,68685,8139],{"class":106},[20,68687,68688,68689,68691],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[49,68690,52787],{"href":50994}," is a good next step.",[93,68693,68695],{"id":68694},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68697,68698,68700,68701,68704],{},[15,68699,42390],{}," counts only the ",[1301,68702,68703],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68706,68707],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[59,68709,68711],{"className":61,"code":68710,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68712,68713,68749],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68716,9197],{"class":106},[68,68718,111],{"class":110},[68,68720,56310],{"class":78},[68,68722,469],{"class":160},[68,68724,472],{"class":78},[68,68726,475],{"class":160},[68,68728,18095],{"class":78},[68,68730,725],{"class":78},[68,68732,2135],{"class":160},[68,68734,472],{"class":78},[68,68736,2521],{"class":160},[68,68738,18095],{"class":78},[68,68740,725],{"class":78},[68,68742,1497],{"class":160},[68,68744,472],{"class":78},[68,68746,37677],{"class":160},[68,68748,53258],{"class":78},[68,68750,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68752,129],{"class":128},[68,68754,79],{"class":78},[68,68756,11191],{"class":128},[68,68758,79],{"class":78},[68,68760,9234],{"class":138},[68,68762,142],{"class":78},[20,68764,180],{},[59,68766,68767],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68768,68769],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68770,68771],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68772,46637],{"class":160},[20,68774,68775],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68777,52095],{},[59,68779,68781],{"className":61,"code":68780,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68782,68783,68809],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68784,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68786,59489],{"class":106},[68,68788,111],{"class":110},[68,68790,725],{"class":78},[68,68792,469],{"class":160},[68,68794,472],{"class":78},[68,68796,725],{"class":78},[68,68798,2129],{"class":160},[68,68800,472],{"class":78},[68,68802,480],{"class":160},[68,68804,18095],{"class":78},[68,68806,2521],{"class":160},[68,68808,730],{"class":78},[68,68810,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68812,129],{"class":128},[68,68814,79],{"class":78},[68,68816,11191],{"class":128},[68,68818,79],{"class":78},[68,68820,59542],{"class":138},[68,68822,142],{"class":78},[20,68824,180],{},[59,68826,68827],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68828,68829],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68830,68831],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68832,46637],{"class":160},[20,68834,21012,68835,68838],{},[15,68836,68837],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[93,68840,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,68842,633,68844,1776,68847],{"id":68843},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68845,68846],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68848,68292],{},[20,68850,68851],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68853,16676],{},[59,68855,68857],{"className":61,"code":68856,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68858,68859,68879],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68860,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68862,3663],{"class":106},[68,68864,111],{"class":110},[68,68866,725],{"class":78},[68,68868,438],{"class":160},[68,68870,472],{"class":78},[68,68872,7828],{"class":160},[68,68874,472],{"class":78},[68,68876,7833],{"class":160},[68,68878,730],{"class":78},[68,68880,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68882,129],{"class":128},[68,68884,79],{"class":78},[68,68886,3693],{"class":138},[68,68888,236],{"class":78},[68,68890,11191],{"class":138},[68,68892,7231],{"class":78},[20,68894,16688],{},[59,68896,68898],{"className":61,"code":68897,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68899,68900,68920],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68901,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68903,3663],{"class":106},[68,68905,111],{"class":110},[68,68907,725],{"class":78},[68,68909,438],{"class":160},[68,68911,472],{"class":78},[68,68913,7828],{"class":160},[68,68915,472],{"class":78},[68,68917,7833],{"class":160},[68,68919,730],{"class":78},[68,68921,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68923,129],{"class":128},[68,68925,79],{"class":78},[68,68927,11191],{"class":128},[68,68929,79],{"class":78},[68,68931,3693],{"class":138},[68,68933,142],{"class":78},[20,68935,68936,68938],{},[15,68937,42390],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1470,68940,25721],{"id":25720},[20,68942,16676],{},[59,68944,68946],{"className":61,"code":68945,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68947,68948,68968],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68949,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68951,3663],{"class":106},[68,68953,111],{"class":110},[68,68955,725],{"class":78},[68,68957,438],{"class":160},[68,68959,472],{"class":78},[68,68961,7828],{"class":160},[68,68963,472],{"class":78},[68,68965,7833],{"class":160},[68,68967,730],{"class":78},[68,68969,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,68971,129],{"class":128},[68,68973,79],{"class":78},[68,68975,11191],{"class":128},[68,68977,85],{"class":78},[20,68979,68980],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68982,16688],{},[59,68984,68985],{"className":61,"code":68897,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,68986,68987,69007],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,68988,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,68990,3663],{"class":106},[68,68992,111],{"class":110},[68,68994,725],{"class":78},[68,68996,438],{"class":160},[68,68998,472],{"class":78},[68,69000,7828],{"class":160},[68,69002,472],{"class":78},[68,69004,7833],{"class":160},[68,69006,730],{"class":78},[68,69008,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69010,129],{"class":128},[68,69012,79],{"class":78},[68,69014,11191],{"class":128},[68,69016,79],{"class":78},[68,69018,3693],{"class":138},[68,69020,142],{"class":78},[1470,69022,69024],{"id":69023},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69026,69027,69028,69030],{},"The length of a list is ",[1301,69029,1303],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69032,326],{},[59,69034,69036],{"className":61,"code":69035,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69037,69038,69070],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69039,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69041,36122],{"class":106},[68,69043,111],{"class":110},[68,69045,725],{"class":78},[68,69047,344],{"class":114},[68,69049,49],{"class":118},[68,69051,344],{"class":114},[68,69053,472],{"class":78},[68,69055,115],{"class":114},[68,69057,4806],{"class":118},[68,69059,344],{"class":114},[68,69061,472],{"class":78},[68,69063,115],{"class":114},[68,69065,9769],{"class":118},[68,69067,344],{"class":114},[68,69069,730],{"class":78},[68,69071,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69073,129],{"class":128},[68,69075,79],{"class":78},[68,69077,11191],{"class":128},[68,69079,79],{"class":78},[68,69081,36175],{"class":138},[68,69083,142],{"class":78},[20,69085,180],{},[59,69087,69088],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,69089,69090],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69091,69092],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69093,46637],{"class":160},[20,69095,69096,69097,18997,69099,236],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69098,2129],{},[15,69100,2135],{},[20,69102,69103],{},"Indexes are:",[33,69105,69106,69112,69118],{},[36,69107,69108,287,69110],{},[15,69109,2192],{},[15,69111,18129],{},[36,69113,69114,287,69116],{},[15,69115,469],{},[15,69117,65610],{},[36,69119,69120,287,69122],{},[15,69121,2129],{},[15,69123,66496],{},[20,69125,69126],{},"So this causes an error:",[59,69128,69130],{"className":61,"code":69129,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69131,69132,69164],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69133,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69135,36122],{"class":106},[68,69137,111],{"class":110},[68,69139,725],{"class":78},[68,69141,344],{"class":114},[68,69143,49],{"class":118},[68,69145,344],{"class":114},[68,69147,472],{"class":78},[68,69149,115],{"class":114},[68,69151,4806],{"class":118},[68,69153,344],{"class":114},[68,69155,472],{"class":78},[68,69157,115],{"class":114},[68,69159,9769],{"class":118},[68,69161,344],{"class":114},[68,69163,730],{"class":78},[68,69165,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69167,129],{"class":128},[68,69169,79],{"class":78},[68,69171,36175],{"class":138},[68,69173,795],{"class":78},[68,69175,11191],{"class":128},[68,69177,79],{"class":78},[68,69179,36175],{"class":138},[68,69181,10708],{"class":78},[20,69183,8529,69184,4829,69187,69189,69190,69192],{},[15,69185,69186],{},"len(letters)",[15,69188,2135],{},", and index ",[15,69191,2135],{}," does not exist.",[20,69194,18874],{},[59,69196,69198],{"className":61,"code":69197,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69199,69200,69232],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69201,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69203,36122],{"class":106},[68,69205,111],{"class":110},[68,69207,725],{"class":78},[68,69209,344],{"class":114},[68,69211,49],{"class":118},[68,69213,344],{"class":114},[68,69215,472],{"class":78},[68,69217,115],{"class":114},[68,69219,4806],{"class":118},[68,69221,344],{"class":114},[68,69223,472],{"class":78},[68,69225,115],{"class":114},[68,69227,9769],{"class":118},[68,69229,344],{"class":114},[68,69231,730],{"class":78},[68,69233,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69235,129],{"class":128},[68,69237,79],{"class":78},[68,69239,36175],{"class":138},[68,69241,795],{"class":78},[68,69243,11191],{"class":128},[68,69245,79],{"class":78},[68,69247,36175],{"class":138},[68,69249,1701],{"class":78},[68,69251,2289],{"class":110},[68,69253,5539],{"class":160},[68,69255,3933],{"class":78},[20,69257,180],{},[59,69259,69261],{"className":61,"code":69260,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"c\n",[15,69262,69263],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69264,69265],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69266,69260],{"class":106},[20,69268,69269,69270,236],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[49,69271,69273],{"href":69272},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1470,69275,633,69277,69279],{"id":69276},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69278,42390],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69281,69282],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69284,69285],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[59,69287,69289],{"className":61,"code":69288,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69290,69291,69301,69315,69329],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69292,69293,69295,69297,69299],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69294,129],{"class":128},[68,69296,79],{"class":78},[68,69298,8374],{"class":138},[68,69300,85],{"class":78},[68,69302,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69304,129],{"class":128},[68,69306,79],{"class":78},[68,69308,11191],{"class":128},[68,69310,79],{"class":78},[68,69312,8374],{"class":138},[68,69314,142],{"class":78},[68,69316,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69318,129],{"class":128},[68,69320,79],{"class":78},[68,69322,75],{"class":74},[68,69324,79],{"class":78},[68,69326,8374],{"class":138},[68,69328,142],{"class":78},[68,69330,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,69332,129],{"class":128},[68,69334,79],{"class":78},[68,69336,8374],{"class":138},[68,69338,795],{"class":78},[68,69340,2192],{"class":160},[68,69342,3933],{"class":78},[20,69344,69345],{},"These help you verify:",[33,69347,69348,69351,69353,69356],{},[36,69349,69350],{},"what the variable contains",[36,69352,60801],{},[36,69354,69355],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,69357,69358],{},"what the first item is",[20,69360,69361,69362,69365],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69363,69364],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[93,69367,1311,69369,69371],{"id":69368},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69370,42390],{}," with lists",[20,69373,69374,69375,69377],{},"You will often use ",[15,69376,42390],{}," in real programs.",[20,69379,9403],{},[33,69381,69382,69384,69387,69390],{},[36,69383,51785],{},[36,69385,69386],{},"Control loops",[36,69388,69389],{},"Validate input or results",[36,69391,69392],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69394,69395],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[59,69397,69399],{"className":61,"code":69398,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69400,69401,69421,69437,69441,69455,69469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69402,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69404,2618],{"class":106},[68,69406,111],{"class":110},[68,69408,725],{"class":78},[68,69410,469],{"class":160},[68,69412,472],{"class":78},[68,69414,475],{"class":160},[68,69416,472],{"class":78},[68,69418,480],{"class":160},[68,69420,730],{"class":78},[68,69422,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69424,2646],{"class":106},[68,69426,111],{"class":110},[68,69428,725],{"class":78},[68,69430,438],{"class":160},[68,69432,472],{"class":78},[68,69434,7828],{"class":160},[68,69436,730],{"class":78},[68,69438,69439],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69440,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,69442,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,69444,129],{"class":128},[68,69446,79],{"class":78},[68,69448,11191],{"class":128},[68,69450,79],{"class":78},[68,69452,49],{"class":138},[68,69454,142],{"class":78},[68,69456,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,69458,129],{"class":128},[68,69460,79],{"class":78},[68,69462,11191],{"class":128},[68,69464,79],{"class":78},[68,69466,4806],{"class":138},[68,69468,142],{"class":78},[68,69470,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,69472,129],{"class":128},[68,69474,79],{"class":78},[68,69476,11191],{"class":128},[68,69478,79],{"class":78},[68,69480,49],{"class":138},[68,69482,1701],{"class":78},[68,69484,38430],{"class":110},[68,69486,38420],{"class":128},[68,69488,79],{"class":78},[68,69490,4806],{"class":138},[68,69492,142],{"class":78},[20,69494,180],{},[59,69496,69498],{"className":61,"code":69497,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69499,69500,69504,69508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69501,69502],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69503,46637],{"class":160},[68,69505,69506],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69507,17089],{"class":160},[68,69509,69510],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69511,1070],{"class":526},[20,69513,69514],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[59,69516,69518],{"className":61,"code":69517,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69519,69520,69552,69556,69578],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69521,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69523,5040],{"class":106},[68,69525,111],{"class":110},[68,69527,725],{"class":78},[68,69529,344],{"class":114},[68,69531,12913],{"class":118},[68,69533,344],{"class":114},[68,69535,472],{"class":78},[68,69537,115],{"class":114},[68,69539,35972],{"class":118},[68,69541,344],{"class":114},[68,69543,472],{"class":78},[68,69545,115],{"class":114},[68,69547,35981],{"class":118},[68,69549,344],{"class":114},[68,69551,730],{"class":78},[68,69553,69554],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69555,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,69557,69558,69560,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69559,5998],{"class":1098},[68,69561,69562],{"class":106}," i ",[68,69564,3927],{"class":1098},[68,69566,54086],{"class":128},[68,69568,79],{"class":78},[68,69570,11191],{"class":128},[68,69572,79],{"class":78},[68,69574,5083],{"class":138},[68,69576,69577],{"class":78},")):\n",[68,69579,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69591,69593,69595],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,69581,1118],{"class":128},[68,69583,79],{"class":78},[68,69585,36186],{"class":138},[68,69587,472],{"class":78},[68,69589,69590],{"class":138}," names",[68,69592,795],{"class":78},[68,69594,36186],{"class":138},[68,69596,3933],{"class":78},[20,69598,180],{},[59,69600,69601],{"className":61,"code":36030,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,69602,69603,69609,69615],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69604,69605,69607],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69606,2192],{"class":160},[68,69608,36039],{"class":106},[68,69610,69611,69613],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69612,469],{"class":160},[68,69614,36046],{"class":106},[68,69616,69617,69619],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69618,2129],{"class":160},[68,69620,36053],{"class":106},[20,69622,69623,69624,236],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[49,69625,69627],{"href":69626},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69629,69630,69631,69633],{},"You can also read ",[49,69632,51562],{"href":51561}," for a task-focused guide.",[93,69635,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,69637,69639],{"id":69638},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69641,224,69642,69645],{},[15,69643,69644],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1470,69647,1878,69649,12748],{"id":69648},"what-does-len-return",[15,69650,69651],{},"len([])",[20,69653,5191,69654,69656],{},[15,69655,2192],{}," because the list is empty.",[1470,69658,69660],{"id":69659},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69662,69663],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1470,69665,28363,69667,69669],{"id":69666},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69668,68846],{}," in Python?",[20,69671,30305,69672,8258,69674,69676],{},[15,69673,68292],{},[15,69675,42390],{}," is a built-in function.",[93,69678,1952],{"id":1951},[33,69680,69681,69687,69691,69695,69699],{},[36,69682,69683],{},[49,69684,13,69685,1151],{"href":42387},[15,69686,42390],{},[36,69688,69689],{},[49,69690,52606],{"href":51561},[36,69692,69693],{},[49,69694,52787],{"href":50994},[36,69696,69697],{},[49,69698,69273],{"href":69272},[36,69700,69701],{},[49,69702,69703],{"href":69626},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1995,69705,69706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":69708},[69709,69710,69712,69713,69714,69715,69723,69725,69733],{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":68284,"depth":125,"text":69711},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":68553,"depth":125,"text":68554},{"id":68694,"depth":125,"text":68695},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":69716},[69717,69719,69720,69721],{"id":68843,"depth":145,"text":69718},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25720,"depth":145,"text":25721},{"id":69023,"depth":145,"text":69024},{"id":69276,"depth":145,"text":69722},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69368,"depth":125,"text":69724},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":69726},[69727,69728,69730,69731],{"id":69638,"depth":145,"text":69639},{"id":69648,"depth":145,"text":69729},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69659,"depth":145,"text":69660},{"id":69666,"depth":145,"text":69732},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68179,"description":69734},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69740,"title":69741,"body":69742,"description":71724,"extension":2033,"meta":71725,"navigation":148,"path":71726,"seo":71727,"stem":71728,"__hash__":71729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69743,"toc":71697},[69744,69747,69752,69755,69763,69776,69778,69843,69845,69867,69872,69876,69881,69889,69891,69901,69903,69984,69986,70016,70018,70037,70042,70059,70061,70145,70147,70177,70182,70186,70192,70276,70278,70308,70311,70315,70318,70409,70411,70449,70452,70537,70539,70569,70575,70582,70586,70591,70600,70602,70687,70689,70718,70721,70729,70733,70737,70746,70769,70771,70793,70795,70809,70811,70871,70875,70880,70919,70921,70938,70940,70950,71049,71054,71058,71063,71106,71108,71136,71138,71152,71227,71229,71251,71255,71258,71263,71274,71279,71287,71290,71361,71363,71388,71445,71447,71468,71477,71485,71490,71492,71497,71518,71521,71596,71599,71613,71620,71622,71626,71632,71636,71646,71650,71657,71661,71667,71669,71694],[10,69745,69741],{"id":69746},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69748,69749,69751],{},[15,69750,55098],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69753,69754],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,69756,69757,69760],{},[36,69758,69759],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,69761,69762],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69764,69765,69766,69768,69769,8739,69771,69775],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69767,12795],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69770,12795],{},[49,69772,69773],{"href":55088},[15,69774,55545],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[93,69777,2075],{"id":2074},[59,69779,69781],{"className":61,"code":69780,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69782,69783,69803,69818,69822,69833],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69784,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69786,3663],{"class":106},[68,69788,111],{"class":110},[68,69790,725],{"class":78},[68,69792,438],{"class":160},[68,69794,472],{"class":78},[68,69796,7828],{"class":160},[68,69798,472],{"class":78},[68,69800,7833],{"class":160},[68,69802,730],{"class":78},[68,69804,69805,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69806,69807],{"class":106},"last_item ",[68,69809,111],{"class":110},[68,69811,4308],{"class":106},[68,69813,236],{"class":78},[68,69815,26275],{"class":138},[68,69817,8677],{"class":78},[68,69819,69820],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69821,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,69823,69824,69826,69828,69831],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,69825,129],{"class":128},[68,69827,79],{"class":78},[68,69829,69830],{"class":138},"last_item",[68,69832,85],{"class":78},[68,69834,69835,69837,69839,69841],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,69836,129],{"class":128},[68,69838,79],{"class":78},[68,69840,3693],{"class":138},[68,69842,85],{"class":78},[20,69844,180],{},[59,69846,69848],{"className":61,"code":69847,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69849,69850,69855],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69851,69852],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69853,69854],{"class":160},"30\n",[68,69856,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69858,795],{"class":78},[68,69860,438],{"class":160},[68,69862,472],{"class":78},[68,69864,7828],{"class":160},[68,69866,730],{"class":78},[20,69868,224,69869,69871],{},[15,69870,12795],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[93,69873,69875],{"id":69874},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69877,69878,69880],{},[15,69879,12795],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,69882,69883,69886],{},[36,69884,69885],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,69887,69888],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69890,43679],{},[33,69892,69893,69896,69899],{},[36,69894,69895],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,69897,69898],{},"It changes the original list",[36,69900,52761],{},[20,69902,326],{},[59,69904,69906],{"className":61,"code":69905,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69907,69908,69940,69944,69959,69963,69974],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69909,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69911,13108],{"class":106},[68,69913,111],{"class":110},[68,69915,725],{"class":78},[68,69917,344],{"class":114},[68,69919,13125],{"class":118},[68,69921,344],{"class":114},[68,69923,472],{"class":78},[68,69925,115],{"class":114},[68,69927,17488],{"class":118},[68,69929,344],{"class":114},[68,69931,472],{"class":78},[68,69933,115],{"class":114},[68,69935,13142],{"class":118},[68,69937,344],{"class":114},[68,69939,730],{"class":78},[68,69941,69942],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69943,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,69945,69946,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,69947,69948],{"class":106},"removed ",[68,69950,111],{"class":110},[68,69952,13156],{"class":106},[68,69954,236],{"class":78},[68,69956,26275],{"class":138},[68,69958,8677],{"class":78},[68,69960,69961],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,69962,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,69964,69965,69967,69969,69972],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,69966,129],{"class":128},[68,69968,79],{"class":78},[68,69970,69971],{"class":138},"removed",[68,69973,85],{"class":78},[68,69975,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,69977,129],{"class":128},[68,69979,79],{"class":78},[68,69981,17535],{"class":138},[68,69983,85],{"class":78},[20,69985,180],{},[59,69987,69989],{"className":61,"code":69988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69990,69991,69996],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69992,69993],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,69994,69995],{"class":106},"blue\n",[68,69997,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,69999,795],{"class":78},[68,70001,203],{"class":114},[68,70003,13125],{"class":118},[68,70005,203],{"class":114},[68,70007,472],{"class":78},[68,70009,197],{"class":114},[68,70011,17488],{"class":118},[68,70013,203],{"class":114},[68,70015,730],{"class":78},[93,70017,303],{"id":302},[59,70019,70021],{"className":61,"code":70020,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70022,70023],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70024,70025,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70026,274],{"class":74},[68,70028,236],{"class":78},[68,70030,26275],{"class":138},[68,70032,466],{"class":78},[68,70034,35877],{"class":138},[68,70036,3933],{"class":78},[20,70038,2050,70039,70041],{},[15,70040,35877],{}," is optional.",[33,70043,70044,70050,70056],{},[36,70045,70046,70047,70049],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70048,12795],{}," removes the last item",[36,70051,70052,70053,70055],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70054,12795],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,70057,70058],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70060,326],{},[59,70062,70064],{"className":61,"code":70063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70065,70066,70098,70102,70121,70125,70135],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70067,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70069,36122],{"class":106},[68,70071,111],{"class":110},[68,70073,725],{"class":78},[68,70075,344],{"class":114},[68,70077,49],{"class":118},[68,70079,344],{"class":114},[68,70081,472],{"class":78},[68,70083,115],{"class":114},[68,70085,4806],{"class":118},[68,70087,344],{"class":114},[68,70089,472],{"class":78},[68,70091,115],{"class":114},[68,70093,9769],{"class":118},[68,70095,344],{"class":114},[68,70097,730],{"class":78},[68,70099,70100],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70101,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70103,70104,70106,70108,70111,70113,70115,70117,70119],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70105,28573],{"class":106},[68,70107,111],{"class":110},[68,70109,70110],{"class":106}," letters",[68,70112,236],{"class":78},[68,70114,26275],{"class":138},[68,70116,79],{"class":78},[68,70118,469],{"class":160},[68,70120,85],{"class":78},[68,70122,70123],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70124,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70128,129],{"class":128},[68,70130,79],{"class":78},[68,70132,23346],{"class":138},[68,70134,85],{"class":78},[68,70136,70137,70139,70141,70143],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70138,129],{"class":128},[68,70140,79],{"class":78},[68,70142,36175],{"class":138},[68,70144,85],{"class":78},[20,70146,180],{},[59,70148,70150],{"className":61,"code":70149,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70151,70152,70157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70153,70154],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70155,70156],{"class":106},"b\n",[68,70158,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70160,795],{"class":78},[68,70162,203],{"class":114},[68,70164,49],{"class":118},[68,70166,203],{"class":114},[68,70168,472],{"class":78},[68,70170,197],{"class":114},[68,70172,9769],{"class":118},[68,70174,203],{"class":114},[68,70176,730],{"class":78},[20,70178,70179,70180,236],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[49,70181,52787],{"href":50994},[93,70183,70185],{"id":70184},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70187,70188,70189,70191],{},"When you call ",[15,70190,12795],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[59,70193,70195],{"className":61,"code":70194,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70196,70197,70232,70236,70251,70255,70266],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70198,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70210,70212,70214,70216,70219,70221,70223,70225,70228,70230],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70200,29932],{"class":106},[68,70202,111],{"class":110},[68,70204,725],{"class":78},[68,70206,344],{"class":114},[68,70208,70209],{"class":118},"write",[68,70211,344],{"class":114},[68,70213,472],{"class":78},[68,70215,115],{"class":114},[68,70217,70218],{"class":118},"test",[68,70220,344],{"class":114},[68,70222,472],{"class":78},[68,70224,115],{"class":114},[68,70226,70227],{"class":118},"submit",[68,70229,344],{"class":114},[68,70231,730],{"class":78},[68,70233,70234],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70235,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70237,70238,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70239,70240],{"class":106},"last_task ",[68,70242,111],{"class":110},[68,70244,30010],{"class":106},[68,70246,236],{"class":78},[68,70248,26275],{"class":138},[68,70250,8677],{"class":78},[68,70252,70253],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70254,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70256,70257,70259,70261,70264],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70258,129],{"class":128},[68,70260,79],{"class":78},[68,70262,70263],{"class":138},"last_task",[68,70265,85],{"class":78},[68,70267,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70269,129],{"class":128},[68,70271,79],{"class":78},[68,70273,36538],{"class":138},[68,70275,85],{"class":78},[20,70277,180],{},[59,70279,70281],{"className":61,"code":70280,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70282,70283,70288],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70284,70285],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70286,70287],{"class":106},"submit\n",[68,70289,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70291,795],{"class":78},[68,70293,203],{"class":114},[68,70295,70209],{"class":118},[68,70297,203],{"class":114},[68,70299,472],{"class":78},[68,70301,197],{"class":114},[68,70303,70218],{"class":118},[68,70305,203],{"class":114},[68,70307,730],{"class":78},[20,70309,70310],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[93,70312,70314],{"id":70313},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70316,70317],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[59,70319,70321],{"className":61,"code":70320,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70322,70323,70363,70367,70385,70389,70399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70324,70325,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70326,36271],{"class":106},[68,70328,111],{"class":110},[68,70330,725],{"class":78},[68,70332,344],{"class":114},[68,70334,4123],{"class":118},[68,70336,344],{"class":114},[68,70338,472],{"class":78},[68,70340,115],{"class":114},[68,70342,4132],{"class":118},[68,70344,344],{"class":114},[68,70346,472],{"class":78},[68,70348,115],{"class":114},[68,70350,4141],{"class":118},[68,70352,344],{"class":114},[68,70354,472],{"class":78},[68,70356,115],{"class":114},[68,70358,33254],{"class":118},[68,70360,344],{"class":114},[68,70362,730],{"class":78},[68,70364,70365],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70366,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70368,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70370,69948],{"class":106},[68,70372,111],{"class":110},[68,70374,52867],{"class":106},[68,70376,236],{"class":78},[68,70378,26275],{"class":138},[68,70380,79],{"class":78},[68,70382,469],{"class":160},[68,70384,85],{"class":78},[68,70386,70387],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70388,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70390,70391,70393,70395,70397],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70392,129],{"class":128},[68,70394,79],{"class":78},[68,70396,69971],{"class":138},[68,70398,85],{"class":78},[68,70400,70401,70403,70405,70407],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70402,129],{"class":128},[68,70404,79],{"class":78},[68,70406,36323],{"class":138},[68,70408,85],{"class":78},[20,70410,180],{},[59,70412,70414],{"className":61,"code":70413,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70415,70416,70421],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70417,70418],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70419,70420],{"class":106},"banana\n",[68,70422,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70424,795],{"class":78},[68,70426,203],{"class":114},[68,70428,4123],{"class":118},[68,70430,203],{"class":114},[68,70432,472],{"class":78},[68,70434,197],{"class":114},[68,70436,4141],{"class":118},[68,70438,203],{"class":114},[68,70440,472],{"class":78},[68,70442,197],{"class":114},[68,70444,33254],{"class":118},[68,70446,203],{"class":114},[68,70448,730],{"class":78},[20,70450,70451],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[59,70453,70455],{"className":61,"code":70454,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70456,70457,70489,70493,70513,70517,70527],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70458,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485,70487],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70460,36271],{"class":106},[68,70462,111],{"class":110},[68,70464,725],{"class":78},[68,70466,344],{"class":114},[68,70468,4123],{"class":118},[68,70470,344],{"class":114},[68,70472,472],{"class":78},[68,70474,115],{"class":114},[68,70476,4132],{"class":118},[68,70478,344],{"class":114},[68,70480,472],{"class":78},[68,70482,115],{"class":114},[68,70484,4141],{"class":118},[68,70486,344],{"class":114},[68,70488,730],{"class":78},[68,70490,70491],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70492,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70494,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70496,69948],{"class":106},[68,70498,111],{"class":110},[68,70500,52867],{"class":106},[68,70502,236],{"class":78},[68,70504,26275],{"class":138},[68,70506,79],{"class":78},[68,70508,2094],{"class":110},[68,70510,469],{"class":160},[68,70512,85],{"class":78},[68,70514,70515],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70516,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70518,70519,70521,70523,70525],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70520,129],{"class":128},[68,70522,79],{"class":78},[68,70524,69971],{"class":138},[68,70526,85],{"class":78},[68,70528,70529,70531,70533,70535],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70530,129],{"class":128},[68,70532,79],{"class":78},[68,70534,36323],{"class":138},[68,70536,85],{"class":78},[20,70538,180],{},[59,70540,70542],{"className":61,"code":70541,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70543,70544,70549],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70545,70546],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70547,70548],{"class":106},"cherry\n",[68,70550,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70552,795],{"class":78},[68,70554,203],{"class":114},[68,70556,4123],{"class":118},[68,70558,203],{"class":114},[68,70560,472],{"class":78},[68,70562,197],{"class":114},[68,70564,4132],{"class":118},[68,70566,203],{"class":114},[68,70568,730],{"class":78},[20,70570,70571,70572,70574],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70573,65869],{}," means the last item.",[20,70576,70577,70578,236],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[49,70579,70580,10770],{"href":58981},[15,70581,64880],{},[93,70583,70585],{"id":70584},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70587,70588,70590],{},[15,70589,12795],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70592,70593,70594,232,70596,236],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70595,12795],{},[49,70597,70598],{"href":55088},[15,70599,55545],{},[20,70601,326],{},[59,70603,70605],{"className":61,"code":70604,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70606,70607,70639,70643,70662,70666,70677],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70608,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70610,5040],{"class":106},[68,70612,111],{"class":110},[68,70614,725],{"class":78},[68,70616,344],{"class":114},[68,70618,12913],{"class":118},[68,70620,344],{"class":114},[68,70622,472],{"class":78},[68,70624,115],{"class":114},[68,70626,35972],{"class":118},[68,70628,344],{"class":114},[68,70630,472],{"class":78},[68,70632,115],{"class":114},[68,70634,35981],{"class":118},[68,70636,344],{"class":114},[68,70638,730],{"class":78},[68,70640,70641],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70642,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70644,70645,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70646,70647],{"class":106},"removed_name ",[68,70649,111],{"class":110},[68,70651,69590],{"class":106},[68,70653,236],{"class":78},[68,70655,26275],{"class":138},[68,70657,79],{"class":78},[68,70659,2192],{"class":160},[68,70661,85],{"class":78},[68,70663,70664],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70665,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70667,70668,70670,70672,70675],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70669,129],{"class":128},[68,70671,79],{"class":78},[68,70673,70674],{"class":138},"removed_name",[68,70676,85],{"class":78},[68,70678,70679,70681,70683,70685],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70680,129],{"class":128},[68,70682,79],{"class":78},[68,70684,5083],{"class":138},[68,70686,85],{"class":78},[20,70688,180],{},[59,70690,70692],{"className":61,"code":70691,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70693,70694,70698],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70695,70696],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70697,50055],{"class":106},[68,70699,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70701,795],{"class":78},[68,70703,203],{"class":114},[68,70705,35972],{"class":118},[68,70707,203],{"class":114},[68,70709,472],{"class":78},[68,70711,197],{"class":114},[68,70713,35981],{"class":118},[68,70715,203],{"class":114},[68,70717,730],{"class":78},[20,70719,70720],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70722,70723,70724,70726,70727,236],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70725,55545],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70728,3824],{},[93,70730,70732],{"id":70731},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1470,70734,70736],{"id":70735},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70738,70739,70740,70742,70743,236],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70741,12795],{}," raises an ",[15,70744,70745],{},"IndexError",[59,70747,70749],{"className":61,"code":70748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70750,70751,70759],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70752,70753,70755,70757],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70754,7817],{"class":106},[68,70756,111],{"class":110},[68,70758,7877],{"class":78},[68,70760,70761,70763,70765,70767],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70762,7848],{"class":106},[68,70764,236],{"class":78},[68,70766,26275],{"class":138},[68,70768,8677],{"class":78},[20,70770,180],{},[59,70772,70774],{"className":61,"code":70773,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70775,70776],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70777,70778,70780,70782,70785,70788,70791],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70779,70745],{"class":74},[68,70781,503],{"class":78},[68,70783,70784],{"class":106}," pop ",[68,70786,70787],{"class":1098},"from",[68,70789,70790],{"class":106}," empty ",[68,70792,49901],{"class":74},[20,70794,39296],{},[33,70796,70797,70802],{},[36,70798,70799,70800],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70801,12795],{},[36,70803,70804,70805,232,70807],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70806,29838],{},[15,70808,29869],{},[20,70810,326],{},[59,70812,70814],{"className":61,"code":70813,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70815,70816,70824,70828,70836,70850,70856],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70817,70818,70820,70822],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70819,7817],{"class":106},[68,70821,111],{"class":110},[68,70823,7877],{"class":78},[68,70825,70826],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70827,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70829,70830,70832,70834],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70831,1099],{"class":1098},[68,70833,6006],{"class":106},[68,70835,1648],{"class":78},[68,70837,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70839,1118],{"class":128},[68,70841,79],{"class":78},[68,70843,7848],{"class":138},[68,70845,236],{"class":78},[68,70847,26275],{"class":138},[68,70849,7231],{"class":78},[68,70851,70852,70854],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,70853,27468],{"class":1098},[68,70855,1648],{"class":78},[68,70857,70858,70860,70862,70864,70867,70869],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,70859,1118],{"class":128},[68,70861,79],{"class":78},[68,70863,344],{"class":114},[68,70865,70866],{"class":118},"The list is empty.",[68,70868,344],{"class":114},[68,70870,85],{"class":78},[1470,70872,70874],{"id":70873},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70876,70877,70878,236],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70879,70745],{},[59,70881,70883],{"className":61,"code":70882,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70884,70885,70905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70886,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70888,3663],{"class":106},[68,70890,111],{"class":110},[68,70892,725],{"class":78},[68,70894,438],{"class":160},[68,70896,472],{"class":78},[68,70898,7828],{"class":160},[68,70900,472],{"class":78},[68,70902,7833],{"class":160},[68,70904,730],{"class":78},[68,70906,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70908,3693],{"class":106},[68,70910,236],{"class":78},[68,70912,26275],{"class":138},[68,70914,79],{"class":78},[68,70916,1497],{"class":160},[68,70918,85],{"class":78},[20,70920,180],{},[59,70922,70924],{"className":61,"code":70923,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70925,70926],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70927,70928,70930,70932,70935],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70929,70745],{"class":74},[68,70931,503],{"class":78},[68,70933,70934],{"class":106}," pop index out of ",[68,70936,70937],{"class":128},"range\n",[20,70939,39296],{},[33,70941,70942,70947],{},[36,70943,70944,70945],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70946,42390],{},[36,70948,70949],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[59,70951,70953],{"className":61,"code":70952,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70954,70955,70975,70984,70988,71010,71028,71034],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,70958,3663],{"class":106},[68,70960,111],{"class":110},[68,70962,725],{"class":78},[68,70964,438],{"class":160},[68,70966,472],{"class":78},[68,70968,7828],{"class":160},[68,70970,472],{"class":78},[68,70972,7833],{"class":160},[68,70974,730],{"class":78},[68,70976,70977,70980,70982],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,70978,70979],{"class":106},"index ",[68,70981,111],{"class":110},[68,70983,45615],{"class":160},[68,70985,70986],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,70987,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,70989,70990,70992,70994,70997,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,70991,1099],{"class":1098},[68,70993,3880],{"class":160},[68,70995,70996],{"class":110}," \u003C=",[68,70998,70999],{"class":106}," index ",[68,71001,190],{"class":110},[68,71003,38420],{"class":128},[68,71005,79],{"class":78},[68,71007,3693],{"class":138},[68,71009,1113],{"class":78},[68,71011,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,71013,1118],{"class":128},[68,71015,79],{"class":78},[68,71017,3693],{"class":138},[68,71019,236],{"class":78},[68,71021,26275],{"class":138},[68,71023,79],{"class":78},[68,71025,35877],{"class":138},[68,71027,142],{"class":78},[68,71029,71030,71032],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,71031,27468],{"class":1098},[68,71033,1648],{"class":78},[68,71035,71036,71038,71040,71042,71045,71047],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,71037,1118],{"class":128},[68,71039,79],{"class":78},[68,71041,344],{"class":114},[68,71043,71044],{"class":118},"Index is out of range.",[68,71046,344],{"class":114},[68,71048,85],{"class":78},[20,71050,71051,71052,236],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[49,71053,69273],{"href":69272},[1470,71055,71057],{"id":71056},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71059,71060,71062],{},[15,71061,12795],{}," expects an integer index.",[59,71064,71066],{"className":61,"code":71065,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71067,71068,71088],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71069,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71071,3663],{"class":106},[68,71073,111],{"class":110},[68,71075,725],{"class":78},[68,71077,438],{"class":160},[68,71079,472],{"class":78},[68,71081,7828],{"class":160},[68,71083,472],{"class":78},[68,71085,7833],{"class":160},[68,71087,730],{"class":78},[68,71089,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71091,3693],{"class":106},[68,71093,236],{"class":78},[68,71095,26275],{"class":138},[68,71097,79],{"class":78},[68,71099,344],{"class":114},[68,71101,469],{"class":118},[68,71103,344],{"class":114},[68,71105,85],{"class":78},[20,71107,180],{},[59,71109,71111],{"className":61,"code":71110,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71112,71113],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71130,71133],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71116,3060],{"class":74},[68,71118,503],{"class":78},[68,71120,197],{"class":114},[68,71122,200],{"class":118},[68,71124,203],{"class":114},[68,71126,24653],{"class":74},[68,71128,71129],{"class":106}," cannot be interpreted ",[68,71131,71132],{"class":1098},"as",[68,71134,71135],{"class":106}," an integer\n",[20,71137,39296],{},[33,71139,71140,71149],{},[36,71141,71142,71143,1448,71145,1891,71147],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71144,2192],{},[15,71146,469],{},[15,71148,65869],{},[36,71150,71151],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[59,71153,71155],{"className":61,"code":71154,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71156,71157,71177,71195,71199,71217],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71158,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71160,3663],{"class":106},[68,71162,111],{"class":110},[68,71164,725],{"class":78},[68,71166,438],{"class":160},[68,71168,472],{"class":78},[68,71170,7828],{"class":160},[68,71172,472],{"class":78},[68,71174,7833],{"class":160},[68,71176,730],{"class":78},[68,71178,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71180,70979],{"class":106},[68,71182,111],{"class":110},[68,71184,875],{"class":74},[68,71186,79],{"class":78},[68,71188,344],{"class":114},[68,71190,469],{"class":118},[68,71192,344],{"class":114},[68,71194,85],{"class":78},[68,71196,71197],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71198,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,71200,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71202,129],{"class":128},[68,71204,79],{"class":78},[68,71206,3693],{"class":138},[68,71208,236],{"class":78},[68,71210,26275],{"class":138},[68,71212,79],{"class":78},[68,71214,35877],{"class":138},[68,71216,142],{"class":78},[68,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,71220,129],{"class":128},[68,71222,79],{"class":78},[68,71224,3693],{"class":138},[68,71226,85],{"class":78},[20,71228,180],{},[59,71230,71232],{"className":61,"code":71231,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71233,71234,71239],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71235,71236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71237,71238],{"class":160},"20\n",[68,71240,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71242,795],{"class":78},[68,71244,438],{"class":160},[68,71246,472],{"class":78},[68,71248,7833],{"class":160},[68,71250,730],{"class":78},[93,71252,71254],{"id":71253},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71256,71257],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1470,71259,224,71261,10630],{"id":71260},"use-pop-when",[15,71262,12795],{},[33,71264,71265,71268,71271],{},[36,71266,71267],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,71269,71270],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,71272,71273],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1470,71275,224,71277,10630],{"id":71276},"use-remove-when",[15,71278,55545],{},[33,71280,71281,71284],{},[36,71282,71283],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,71285,71286],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71288,71289],{},"Compare these examples:",[59,71291,71293],{"className":61,"code":71292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71294,71295,71319,71323,71341,71351],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71296,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71298,3663],{"class":106},[68,71300,111],{"class":110},[68,71302,725],{"class":78},[68,71304,438],{"class":160},[68,71306,472],{"class":78},[68,71308,7828],{"class":160},[68,71310,472],{"class":78},[68,71312,7833],{"class":160},[68,71314,472],{"class":78},[68,71316,7828],{"class":160},[68,71318,730],{"class":78},[68,71320,71321],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71322,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,71324,71325,71327,71329,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71326,69948],{"class":106},[68,71328,111],{"class":110},[68,71330,4308],{"class":106},[68,71332,236],{"class":78},[68,71334,26275],{"class":138},[68,71336,79],{"class":78},[68,71338,469],{"class":160},[68,71340,85],{"class":78},[68,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71344,129],{"class":128},[68,71346,79],{"class":78},[68,71348,69971],{"class":138},[68,71350,85],{"class":78},[68,71352,71353,71355,71357,71359],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,71354,129],{"class":128},[68,71356,79],{"class":78},[68,71358,3693],{"class":138},[68,71360,85],{"class":78},[20,71362,180],{},[59,71364,71366],{"className":61,"code":71365,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71367,71368,71372],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71369,71370],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71371,71238],{"class":160},[68,71373,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71375,795],{"class":78},[68,71377,438],{"class":160},[68,71379,472],{"class":78},[68,71381,7833],{"class":160},[68,71383,472],{"class":78},[68,71385,7828],{"class":160},[68,71387,730],{"class":78},[59,71389,71391],{"className":61,"code":71390,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71392,71393,71417,71421,71435],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71394,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71396,3663],{"class":106},[68,71398,111],{"class":110},[68,71400,725],{"class":78},[68,71402,438],{"class":160},[68,71404,472],{"class":78},[68,71406,7828],{"class":160},[68,71408,472],{"class":78},[68,71410,7833],{"class":160},[68,71412,472],{"class":78},[68,71414,7828],{"class":160},[68,71416,730],{"class":78},[68,71418,71419],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71420,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,71422,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71424,3693],{"class":106},[68,71426,236],{"class":78},[68,71428,34826],{"class":138},[68,71430,79],{"class":78},[68,71432,15786],{"class":160},[68,71434,85],{"class":78},[68,71436,71437,71439,71441,71443],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71438,129],{"class":128},[68,71440,79],{"class":78},[68,71442,3693],{"class":138},[68,71444,85],{"class":78},[20,71446,180],{},[59,71448,71450],{"className":61,"code":71449,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71451,71452],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71453,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71455,795],{"class":78},[68,71457,438],{"class":160},[68,71459,472],{"class":78},[68,71461,7833],{"class":160},[68,71463,472],{"class":78},[68,71465,7828],{"class":160},[68,71467,730],{"class":78},[20,71469,71470,71471,71474,71475,236],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71472,71473],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71476,469],{},[20,71478,56621,71479,71482,71483,236],{},[15,71480,71481],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71484,15786],{},[20,71486,71487,71488,236],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[49,71489,55084],{"href":55083},[93,71491,1750],{"id":1749},[20,71493,71494,71495,503],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71496,12795],{},[33,71498,71499,71502,71505,71511,71515],{},[36,71500,71501],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,71503,71504],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,71506,37237,71507,8739,71509],{},[15,71508,12795],{},[15,71510,55545],{},[36,71512,1770,71513,61989],{},[15,71514,12795],{},[36,71516,71517],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71519,71520],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[59,71522,71524],{"className":61,"code":71523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71525,71526,71536,71550,71564,71582],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71527,71528,71530,71532,71534],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71529,129],{"class":128},[68,71531,79],{"class":78},[68,71533,8374],{"class":138},[68,71535,85],{"class":78},[68,71537,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71539,129],{"class":128},[68,71541,79],{"class":78},[68,71543,11191],{"class":128},[68,71545,79],{"class":78},[68,71547,8374],{"class":138},[68,71549,142],{"class":78},[68,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71553,129],{"class":128},[68,71555,79],{"class":78},[68,71557,8374],{"class":138},[68,71559,236],{"class":78},[68,71561,26275],{"class":138},[68,71563,7231],{"class":78},[68,71565,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71567,129],{"class":128},[68,71569,79],{"class":78},[68,71571,8374],{"class":138},[68,71573,236],{"class":78},[68,71575,26275],{"class":138},[68,71577,79],{"class":78},[68,71579,2192],{"class":160},[68,71581,142],{"class":78},[68,71583,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,71585,129],{"class":128},[68,71587,79],{"class":78},[68,71589,75],{"class":74},[68,71591,79],{"class":78},[68,71593,35877],{"class":138},[68,71595,142],{"class":78},[20,71597,71598],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,71600,71601,71607],{},[36,71602,71603,71606],{},[15,71604,71605],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,71608,71609,71612],{},[15,71610,71611],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71614,71615,71616,71619],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71617,71618],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[93,71621,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,71623,71625],{"id":71624},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71627,71628,71629,71631],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71630,12795],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1470,71633,71635],{"id":71634},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71637,71638,71640,71641,71643,71644,236],{},[15,71639,12795],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71642,55545],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71645,3824],{},[1470,71647,71649],{"id":71648},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71651,71652,71653,71656],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71654,71655],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1470,71658,71660],{"id":71659},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71662,71663,71664,71666],{},"Python raises ",[15,71665,70745],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[93,71668,1952],{"id":1951},[33,71670,71671,71675,71680,71685,71690],{},[36,71672,71673],{},[49,71674,55531],{"href":55083},[36,71676,71677],{},[49,71678,71679],{"href":55088},"Python list remove() method",[36,71681,71682],{},[49,71683,71684],{"href":58981},"Python list index() method",[36,71686,71687],{},[49,71688,71689],{"href":50994},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,71691,71692],{},[49,71693,69273],{"href":69272},[1995,71695,71696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":71698},[71699,71700,71701,71702,71703,71704,71705,71710,71716,71717,71723],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":69874,"depth":125,"text":69875},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":70184,"depth":125,"text":70185},{"id":70313,"depth":125,"text":70314},{"id":70584,"depth":125,"text":70585},{"id":70731,"depth":125,"text":70732,"children":71706},[71707,71708,71709],{"id":70735,"depth":145,"text":70736},{"id":70873,"depth":145,"text":70874},{"id":71056,"depth":145,"text":71057},{"id":71253,"depth":125,"text":71254,"children":71711},[71712,71714],{"id":71260,"depth":145,"text":71713},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71276,"depth":145,"text":71715},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":71718},[71719,71720,71721,71722],{"id":71624,"depth":145,"text":71625},{"id":71634,"depth":145,"text":71635},{"id":71648,"depth":145,"text":71649},{"id":71659,"depth":145,"text":71660},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69741,"description":71724},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71731,"title":71732,"body":71733,"description":73519,"extension":2033,"meta":73520,"navigation":148,"path":73521,"seo":73522,"stem":73523,"__hash__":73524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71734,"toc":73501},[71735,71738,71743,71749,71751,71821,71827,71831,71836,71857,71860,71927,71929,71950,71958,71960,71979,71995,71997,72062,72064,72089,72091,72093,72158,72160,72185,72187,72201,72204,72257,72259,72280,72284,72292,72365,72367,72400,72406,72412,72503,72505,72530,72536,72625,72627,72651,72653,72657,72712,72714,72746,72749,72752,72846,72848,72881,72887,72893,72897,72904,72930,72934,72999,73001,73026,73030,73111,73113,73142,73147,73152,73158,73162,73169,73191,73195,73254,73256,73280,73289,73294,73296,73300,73329,73331,73406,73409,73423,73429,73431,73435,73438,73442,73447,73451,73460,73464,73472,73474,73498],[10,71736,71732],{"id":71737},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71739,2050,71740,71742],{},[15,71741,55091],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71744,71745,71746,71748],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1301,71747,665],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[93,71750,2075],{"id":2074},[59,71752,71754],{"className":61,"code":71753,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71755,71756,71788,71806,71816],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71757,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71759,7817],{"class":106},[68,71761,111],{"class":110},[68,71763,725],{"class":78},[68,71765,344],{"class":114},[68,71767,4123],{"class":118},[68,71769,344],{"class":114},[68,71771,472],{"class":78},[68,71773,115],{"class":114},[68,71775,4132],{"class":118},[68,71777,344],{"class":114},[68,71779,472],{"class":78},[68,71781,115],{"class":114},[68,71783,33254],{"class":118},[68,71785,344],{"class":114},[68,71787,730],{"class":78},[68,71789,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71791,7848],{"class":106},[68,71793,236],{"class":78},[68,71795,34826],{"class":138},[68,71797,79],{"class":78},[68,71799,344],{"class":114},[68,71801,4132],{"class":118},[68,71803,344],{"class":114},[68,71805,85],{"class":78},[68,71807,71808,71810,71812,71814],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71809,129],{"class":128},[68,71811,79],{"class":78},[68,71813,7848],{"class":138},[68,71815,85],{"class":78},[68,71817,71818],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71819,71820],{"class":3708},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71822,224,71823,71826],{},[15,71824,71825],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[93,71828,71830],{"id":71829},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71832,71833,71835],{},[15,71834,55545],{}," is a list method that:",[33,71837,71838,71844,71849,71854],{},[36,71839,71840,71841,71843],{},"Deletes the ",[1301,71842,29943],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,71845,71846,71847],{},"Changes the original list ",[1301,71848,11364],{},[36,71850,12736,71851,71853],{},[1301,71852,1303],{}," return a new list",[36,71855,71856],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71858,71859],{},"This is important for beginners:",[59,71861,71863],{"className":61,"code":71862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71864,71865,71885,71903,71907,71917],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71866,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71868,3663],{"class":106},[68,71870,111],{"class":110},[68,71872,725],{"class":78},[68,71874,469],{"class":160},[68,71876,472],{"class":78},[68,71878,475],{"class":160},[68,71880,472],{"class":78},[68,71882,480],{"class":160},[68,71884,730],{"class":78},[68,71886,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71888,2297],{"class":106},[68,71890,111],{"class":110},[68,71892,4308],{"class":106},[68,71894,236],{"class":78},[68,71896,34826],{"class":138},[68,71898,79],{"class":78},[68,71900,2129],{"class":160},[68,71902,85],{"class":78},[68,71904,71905],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,71906,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,71908,71909,71911,71913,71915],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,71910,129],{"class":128},[68,71912,79],{"class":78},[68,71914,3693],{"class":138},[68,71916,85],{"class":78},[68,71918,71919,71921,71923,71925],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,71920,129],{"class":128},[68,71922,79],{"class":78},[68,71924,2331],{"class":138},[68,71926,85],{"class":78},[20,71928,180],{},[59,71930,71932],{"className":61,"code":71931,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71933,71934,71946],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71935,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71937,795],{"class":78},[68,71939,469],{"class":160},[68,71941,472],{"class":78},[68,71943,480],{"class":160},[68,71945,730],{"class":78},[68,71947,71948],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,71949,11840],{"class":526},[20,71951,71952,71953,71955,71956,236],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71954,55545],{}," itself returned ",[15,71957,3824],{},[93,71959,5473],{"id":5472},[59,71961,71963],{"className":61,"code":71962,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71964,71965],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,71968,274],{"class":74},[68,71970,236],{"class":78},[68,71972,34826],{"class":138},[68,71974,79],{"class":78},[68,71976,665],{"class":138},[68,71978,85],{"class":78},[33,71980,71981,71986,71989],{},[36,71982,71983,71985],{},[15,71984,665],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,71987,71988],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,71990,71991,71992,71994],{},"Only the ",[1301,71993,29943],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71996,326],{},[59,71998,72000],{"className":61,"code":71999,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72001,72002,72034,72052],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72005,36122],{"class":106},[68,72007,111],{"class":110},[68,72009,725],{"class":78},[68,72011,344],{"class":114},[68,72013,49],{"class":118},[68,72015,344],{"class":114},[68,72017,472],{"class":78},[68,72019,115],{"class":114},[68,72021,4806],{"class":118},[68,72023,344],{"class":114},[68,72025,472],{"class":78},[68,72027,115],{"class":114},[68,72029,9769],{"class":118},[68,72031,344],{"class":114},[68,72033,730],{"class":78},[68,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72037,36175],{"class":106},[68,72039,236],{"class":78},[68,72041,34826],{"class":138},[68,72043,79],{"class":78},[68,72045,344],{"class":114},[68,72047,4806],{"class":118},[68,72049,344],{"class":114},[68,72051,85],{"class":78},[68,72053,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72055,129],{"class":128},[68,72057,79],{"class":78},[68,72059,36175],{"class":138},[68,72061,85],{"class":78},[20,72063,180],{},[59,72065,72067],{"className":61,"code":72066,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72068,72069],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72070,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72072,795],{"class":78},[68,72074,203],{"class":114},[68,72076,49],{"class":118},[68,72078,203],{"class":114},[68,72080,472],{"class":78},[68,72082,197],{"class":114},[68,72084,9769],{"class":118},[68,72086,203],{"class":114},[68,72088,730],{"class":78},[93,72090,5827],{"id":5826},[20,72092,65189],{},[59,72094,72096],{"className":61,"code":72095,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72097,72098,72130,72148],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72101,13108],{"class":106},[68,72103,111],{"class":110},[68,72105,725],{"class":78},[68,72107,344],{"class":114},[68,72109,13125],{"class":118},[68,72111,344],{"class":114},[68,72113,472],{"class":78},[68,72115,115],{"class":114},[68,72117,13142],{"class":118},[68,72119,344],{"class":114},[68,72121,472],{"class":78},[68,72123,115],{"class":114},[68,72125,17488],{"class":118},[68,72127,344],{"class":114},[68,72129,730],{"class":78},[68,72131,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72133,17535],{"class":106},[68,72135,236],{"class":78},[68,72137,34826],{"class":138},[68,72139,79],{"class":78},[68,72141,344],{"class":114},[68,72143,13142],{"class":118},[68,72145,344],{"class":114},[68,72147,85],{"class":78},[68,72149,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72151,129],{"class":128},[68,72153,79],{"class":78},[68,72155,17535],{"class":138},[68,72157,85],{"class":78},[20,72159,180],{},[59,72161,72163],{"className":61,"code":72162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72164,72165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72166,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72168,795],{"class":78},[68,72170,203],{"class":114},[68,72172,13125],{"class":118},[68,72174,203],{"class":114},[68,72176,472],{"class":78},[68,72178,197],{"class":114},[68,72180,17488],{"class":118},[68,72182,203],{"class":114},[68,72184,730],{"class":78},[20,72186,11715],{},[33,72188,72189,72192,72198],{},[36,72190,72191],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,72193,72194,72197],{},[15,72195,72196],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,72199,72200],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72202,72203],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[59,72205,72207],{"className":61,"code":72206,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72208,72209,72233,72247],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72212,5108],{"class":106},[68,72214,111],{"class":110},[68,72216,725],{"class":78},[68,72218,438],{"class":160},[68,72220,472],{"class":78},[68,72222,7828],{"class":160},[68,72224,472],{"class":78},[68,72226,7833],{"class":160},[68,72228,472],{"class":78},[68,72230,50858],{"class":160},[68,72232,730],{"class":78},[68,72234,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72236,16421],{"class":106},[68,72238,236],{"class":78},[68,72240,34826],{"class":138},[68,72242,79],{"class":78},[68,72244,36874],{"class":160},[68,72246,85],{"class":78},[68,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72250,129],{"class":128},[68,72252,79],{"class":78},[68,72254,16421],{"class":138},[68,72256,85],{"class":78},[20,72258,180],{},[59,72260,72262],{"className":61,"code":72261,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72263,72264],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72265,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72267,795],{"class":78},[68,72269,438],{"class":160},[68,72271,472],{"class":78},[68,72273,7828],{"class":160},[68,72275,472],{"class":78},[68,72277,50858],{"class":160},[68,72279,730],{"class":78},[93,72281,72283],{"id":72282},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72285,65179,72286,72288,72289,72291],{},[15,72287,55545],{}," deletes only the ",[1301,72290,29943],{}," one.",[59,72293,72295],{"className":61,"code":72294,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72296,72297,72337,72355],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72298,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72300,7817],{"class":106},[68,72302,111],{"class":110},[68,72304,725],{"class":78},[68,72306,344],{"class":114},[68,72308,4123],{"class":118},[68,72310,344],{"class":114},[68,72312,472],{"class":78},[68,72314,115],{"class":114},[68,72316,4132],{"class":118},[68,72318,344],{"class":114},[68,72320,472],{"class":78},[68,72322,115],{"class":114},[68,72324,4123],{"class":118},[68,72326,344],{"class":114},[68,72328,472],{"class":78},[68,72330,115],{"class":114},[68,72332,33254],{"class":118},[68,72334,344],{"class":114},[68,72336,730],{"class":78},[68,72338,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72340,7848],{"class":106},[68,72342,236],{"class":78},[68,72344,34826],{"class":138},[68,72346,79],{"class":78},[68,72348,344],{"class":114},[68,72350,4123],{"class":118},[68,72352,344],{"class":114},[68,72354,85],{"class":78},[68,72356,72357,72359,72361,72363],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72358,129],{"class":128},[68,72360,79],{"class":78},[68,72362,7848],{"class":138},[68,72364,85],{"class":78},[20,72366,180],{},[59,72368,72370],{"className":61,"code":72369,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72371,72372],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72373,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72375,795],{"class":78},[68,72377,203],{"class":114},[68,72379,4132],{"class":118},[68,72381,203],{"class":114},[68,72383,472],{"class":78},[68,72385,197],{"class":114},[68,72387,4123],{"class":118},[68,72389,203],{"class":114},[68,72391,472],{"class":78},[68,72393,197],{"class":114},[68,72395,33254],{"class":118},[68,72397,203],{"class":114},[68,72399,730],{"class":78},[20,72401,72402,72403,72405],{},"Only the first ",[15,72404,57849],{}," was removed.",[20,72407,72408,72409,72411],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72410,55545],{}," again:",[59,72413,72415],{"className":61,"code":72414,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72416,72417,72457,72475,72493],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72420,7817],{"class":106},[68,72422,111],{"class":110},[68,72424,725],{"class":78},[68,72426,344],{"class":114},[68,72428,4123],{"class":118},[68,72430,344],{"class":114},[68,72432,472],{"class":78},[68,72434,115],{"class":114},[68,72436,4132],{"class":118},[68,72438,344],{"class":114},[68,72440,472],{"class":78},[68,72442,115],{"class":114},[68,72444,4123],{"class":118},[68,72446,344],{"class":114},[68,72448,472],{"class":78},[68,72450,115],{"class":114},[68,72452,33254],{"class":118},[68,72454,344],{"class":114},[68,72456,730],{"class":78},[68,72458,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72460,7848],{"class":106},[68,72462,236],{"class":78},[68,72464,34826],{"class":138},[68,72466,79],{"class":78},[68,72468,344],{"class":114},[68,72470,4123],{"class":118},[68,72472,344],{"class":114},[68,72474,85],{"class":78},[68,72476,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72478,7848],{"class":106},[68,72480,236],{"class":78},[68,72482,34826],{"class":138},[68,72484,79],{"class":78},[68,72486,344],{"class":114},[68,72488,4123],{"class":118},[68,72490,344],{"class":114},[68,72492,85],{"class":78},[68,72494,72495,72497,72499,72501],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,72496,129],{"class":128},[68,72498,79],{"class":78},[68,72500,7848],{"class":138},[68,72502,85],{"class":78},[20,72504,180],{},[59,72506,72508],{"className":61,"code":72507,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72509,72510],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72511,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72513,795],{"class":78},[68,72515,203],{"class":114},[68,72517,4132],{"class":118},[68,72519,203],{"class":114},[68,72521,472],{"class":78},[68,72523,197],{"class":114},[68,72525,33254],{"class":118},[68,72527,203],{"class":114},[68,72529,730],{"class":78},[20,72531,72532,72533,72535],{},"If you need to remove ",[1301,72534,3761],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[59,72537,72539],{"className":61,"code":72538,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72540,72541,72581,72615],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72542,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72544,7817],{"class":106},[68,72546,111],{"class":110},[68,72548,725],{"class":78},[68,72550,344],{"class":114},[68,72552,4123],{"class":118},[68,72554,344],{"class":114},[68,72556,472],{"class":78},[68,72558,115],{"class":114},[68,72560,4132],{"class":118},[68,72562,344],{"class":114},[68,72564,472],{"class":78},[68,72566,115],{"class":114},[68,72568,4123],{"class":118},[68,72570,344],{"class":114},[68,72572,472],{"class":78},[68,72574,115],{"class":114},[68,72576,33254],{"class":118},[68,72578,344],{"class":114},[68,72580,730],{"class":78},[68,72582,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72600,72602,72604,72607,72609,72611,72613],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72584,7817],{"class":106},[68,72586,111],{"class":110},[68,72588,725],{"class":78},[68,72590,28573],{"class":106},[68,72592,5998],{"class":1098},[68,72594,6001],{"class":106},[68,72596,3927],{"class":1098},[68,72598,72599],{"class":106}," items ",[68,72601,1099],{"class":1098},[68,72603,6001],{"class":106},[68,72605,72606],{"class":110},"!=",[68,72608,115],{"class":114},[68,72610,4123],{"class":118},[68,72612,344],{"class":114},[68,72614,730],{"class":78},[68,72616,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72618,129],{"class":128},[68,72620,79],{"class":78},[68,72622,7848],{"class":138},[68,72624,85],{"class":78},[20,72626,180],{},[59,72628,72629],{"className":61,"code":72507,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,72630,72631],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72632,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72634,795],{"class":78},[68,72636,203],{"class":114},[68,72638,4132],{"class":118},[68,72640,203],{"class":114},[68,72642,472],{"class":78},[68,72644,197],{"class":114},[68,72646,33254],{"class":118},[68,72648,203],{"class":114},[68,72650,730],{"class":78},[93,72652,65645],{"id":65644},[20,72654,65648,72655,236],{},[15,72656,40738],{},[59,72658,72660],{"className":61,"code":72659,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72661,72662,72694],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72665,7817],{"class":106},[68,72667,111],{"class":110},[68,72669,725],{"class":78},[68,72671,344],{"class":114},[68,72673,4123],{"class":118},[68,72675,344],{"class":114},[68,72677,472],{"class":78},[68,72679,115],{"class":114},[68,72681,4132],{"class":118},[68,72683,344],{"class":114},[68,72685,472],{"class":78},[68,72687,115],{"class":114},[68,72689,33254],{"class":118},[68,72691,344],{"class":114},[68,72693,730],{"class":78},[68,72695,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72697,7848],{"class":106},[68,72699,236],{"class":78},[68,72701,34826],{"class":138},[68,72703,79],{"class":78},[68,72705,344],{"class":114},[68,72707,22568],{"class":118},[68,72709,344],{"class":114},[68,72711,85],{"class":78},[20,72713,180],{},[59,72715,72717],{"className":61,"code":72716,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72718,72719],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72720,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72722,40738],{"class":74},[68,72724,503],{"class":78},[68,72726,22595],{"class":74},[68,72728,236],{"class":78},[68,72730,34826],{"class":138},[68,72732,79],{"class":78},[68,72734,2245],{"class":138},[68,72736,16484],{"class":78},[68,72738,3924],{"class":106},[68,72740,1303],{"class":110},[68,72742,21208],{"class":110},[68,72744,72745],{"class":74}," list\n",[20,72747,72748],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72750,72751],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[59,72753,72755],{"className":61,"code":72754,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72756,72757,72789,72801,72805,72817,72832,72836],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72758,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72760,7817],{"class":106},[68,72762,111],{"class":110},[68,72764,725],{"class":78},[68,72766,344],{"class":114},[68,72768,4123],{"class":118},[68,72770,344],{"class":114},[68,72772,472],{"class":78},[68,72774,115],{"class":114},[68,72776,4132],{"class":118},[68,72778,344],{"class":114},[68,72780,472],{"class":78},[68,72782,115],{"class":114},[68,72784,33254],{"class":118},[68,72786,344],{"class":114},[68,72788,730],{"class":78},[68,72790,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72792,652],{"class":106},[68,72794,111],{"class":110},[68,72796,115],{"class":114},[68,72798,22568],{"class":118},[68,72800,122],{"class":114},[68,72802,72803],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72804,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,72806,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,72808,1099],{"class":1098},[68,72810,21619],{"class":106},[68,72812,3927],{"class":110},[68,72814,6006],{"class":106},[68,72816,1648],{"class":78},[68,72818,72819,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,72820,72821],{"class":106},"    items",[68,72823,236],{"class":78},[68,72825,34826],{"class":138},[68,72827,79],{"class":78},[68,72829,665],{"class":138},[68,72831,85],{"class":78},[68,72833,72834],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,72835,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,72839,129],{"class":128},[68,72841,79],{"class":78},[68,72843,7848],{"class":138},[68,72845,85],{"class":78},[20,72847,180],{},[59,72849,72851],{"className":61,"code":72850,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72852,72853],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72854,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72856,795],{"class":78},[68,72858,203],{"class":114},[68,72860,4123],{"class":118},[68,72862,203],{"class":114},[68,72864,472],{"class":78},[68,72866,197],{"class":114},[68,72868,4132],{"class":118},[68,72870,203],{"class":114},[68,72872,472],{"class":78},[68,72874,197],{"class":114},[68,72876,33254],{"class":118},[68,72878,203],{"class":114},[68,72880,730],{"class":78},[20,72882,72883,72884,72886],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72885,55545],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72888,72889,72890,236],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[49,72891,65854],{"href":72892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[93,72894,72896],{"id":72895},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72898,72899,232,72901,72903],{},[15,72900,55545],{},[15,72902,12795],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,72905,72906,72913,72919,72925],{},[36,72907,72908,72910,72911],{},[15,72909,55545],{}," deletes by ",[1301,72912,665],{},[36,72914,72915,72910,72917],{},[15,72916,12795],{},[1301,72918,35877],{},[36,72920,72921,1541,72923],{},[15,72922,55545],{},[15,72924,3824],{},[36,72926,72927,72929],{},[15,72928,12795],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72931,46063,72932,503],{},[15,72933,55545],{},[59,72935,72937],{"className":61,"code":72936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72938,72939,72971,72989],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,72942,7817],{"class":106},[68,72944,111],{"class":110},[68,72946,725],{"class":78},[68,72948,344],{"class":114},[68,72950,4123],{"class":118},[68,72952,344],{"class":114},[68,72954,472],{"class":78},[68,72956,115],{"class":114},[68,72958,4132],{"class":118},[68,72960,344],{"class":114},[68,72962,472],{"class":78},[68,72964,115],{"class":114},[68,72966,33254],{"class":118},[68,72968,344],{"class":114},[68,72970,730],{"class":78},[68,72972,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,72974,7848],{"class":106},[68,72976,236],{"class":78},[68,72978,34826],{"class":138},[68,72980,79],{"class":78},[68,72982,344],{"class":114},[68,72984,4132],{"class":118},[68,72986,344],{"class":114},[68,72988,85],{"class":78},[68,72990,72991,72993,72995,72997],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,72992,129],{"class":128},[68,72994,79],{"class":78},[68,72996,7848],{"class":138},[68,72998,85],{"class":78},[20,73000,180],{},[59,73002,73004],{"className":61,"code":73003,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73005,73006],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73007,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73009,795],{"class":78},[68,73011,203],{"class":114},[68,73013,4123],{"class":118},[68,73015,203],{"class":114},[68,73017,472],{"class":78},[68,73019,197],{"class":114},[68,73021,33254],{"class":118},[68,73023,203],{"class":114},[68,73025,730],{"class":78},[20,73027,46063,73028,503],{},[15,73029,12795],{},[59,73031,73033],{"className":61,"code":73032,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73034,73035,73067,73086,73090,73100],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73036,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73038,7817],{"class":106},[68,73040,111],{"class":110},[68,73042,725],{"class":78},[68,73044,344],{"class":114},[68,73046,4123],{"class":118},[68,73048,344],{"class":114},[68,73050,472],{"class":78},[68,73052,115],{"class":114},[68,73054,4132],{"class":118},[68,73056,344],{"class":114},[68,73058,472],{"class":78},[68,73060,115],{"class":114},[68,73062,33254],{"class":118},[68,73064,344],{"class":114},[68,73066,730],{"class":78},[68,73068,73069,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73070,73071],{"class":106},"removed_item ",[68,73073,111],{"class":110},[68,73075,6006],{"class":106},[68,73077,236],{"class":78},[68,73079,26275],{"class":138},[68,73081,79],{"class":78},[68,73083,469],{"class":160},[68,73085,85],{"class":78},[68,73087,73088],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73089,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,73091,73092,73094,73096,73098],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,73093,129],{"class":128},[68,73095,79],{"class":78},[68,73097,7848],{"class":138},[68,73099,85],{"class":78},[68,73101,73102,73104,73106,73109],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,73103,129],{"class":128},[68,73105,79],{"class":78},[68,73107,73108],{"class":138},"removed_item",[68,73110,85],{"class":78},[20,73112,180],{},[59,73114,73116],{"className":61,"code":73115,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73117,73118,73138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73119,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73121,795],{"class":78},[68,73123,203],{"class":114},[68,73125,4123],{"class":118},[68,73127,203],{"class":114},[68,73129,472],{"class":78},[68,73131,197],{"class":114},[68,73133,33254],{"class":118},[68,73135,203],{"class":114},[68,73137,730],{"class":78},[68,73139,73140],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73141,70420],{"class":106},[20,73143,224,73144,73146],{},[15,73145,55545],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73148,224,73149,73151],{},[15,73150,12795],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73153,73154,73155,236],{},"For more detail, see the ",[49,73156,73157],{"href":55095},"Python list pop() method",[93,73159,73161],{"id":73160},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73163,73164,232,73166,73168],{},[15,73165,55545],{},[15,73167,27059],{}," are also different.",[33,73170,73171,73176,73181,73186],{},[36,73172,73173,73175],{},[15,73174,55545],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,73177,73178,73180],{},[15,73179,27059],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,73182,224,73183,73185],{},[15,73184,27059],{}," when you know the position",[36,73187,224,73188,73190],{},[15,73189,55545],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73192,46063,73193,503],{},[15,73194,27059],{},[59,73196,73198],{"className":61,"code":73197,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73199,73200,73232,73244],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73201,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73203,7817],{"class":106},[68,73205,111],{"class":110},[68,73207,725],{"class":78},[68,73209,344],{"class":114},[68,73211,4123],{"class":118},[68,73213,344],{"class":114},[68,73215,472],{"class":78},[68,73217,115],{"class":114},[68,73219,4132],{"class":118},[68,73221,344],{"class":114},[68,73223,472],{"class":78},[68,73225,115],{"class":114},[68,73227,33254],{"class":118},[68,73229,344],{"class":114},[68,73231,730],{"class":78},[68,73233,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73235,27059],{"class":1098},[68,73237,6006],{"class":106},[68,73239,795],{"class":78},[68,73241,469],{"class":160},[68,73243,730],{"class":78},[68,73245,73246,73248,73250,73252],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73247,129],{"class":128},[68,73249,79],{"class":78},[68,73251,7848],{"class":138},[68,73253,85],{"class":78},[20,73255,180],{},[59,73257,73258],{"className":61,"code":73003,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,73259,73260],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73263,795],{"class":78},[68,73265,203],{"class":114},[68,73267,4123],{"class":118},[68,73269,203],{"class":114},[68,73271,472],{"class":78},[68,73273,197],{"class":114},[68,73275,33254],{"class":118},[68,73277,203],{"class":114},[68,73279,730],{"class":78},[20,73281,73282,73283,73285,73286,73288],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73284,469],{},", not the value ",[15,73287,65289],{}," directly.",[20,73290,73291,73292,236],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[49,73293,55084],{"href":55083},[93,73295,1750],{"id":1749},[20,73297,21246,73298,503],{},[15,73299,55545],{},[33,73301,73302,73305,73310,73317,73326],{},[36,73303,73304],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,73306,1770,73307,73309],{},[15,73308,55545],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,73311,12626,73312,73314,73315],{},[15,73313,55545],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73316,3824],{},[36,73318,633,73319,1784,73321,384,73323,73325],{},[15,73320,55545],{},[15,73322,12795],{},[15,73324,27059],{}," would be a better fit",[36,73327,73328],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73330,71520],{},[59,73332,73334],{"className":61,"code":73333,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73335,73336,73346,73360,73378,73392],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73337,73338,73340,73342,73344],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73339,129],{"class":128},[68,73341,79],{"class":78},[68,73343,8374],{"class":138},[68,73345,85],{"class":78},[68,73347,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73349,129],{"class":128},[68,73351,79],{"class":78},[68,73353,652],{"class":138},[68,73355,3927],{"class":1098},[68,73357,8430],{"class":138},[68,73359,85],{"class":78},[68,73361,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73363,129],{"class":128},[68,73365,79],{"class":78},[68,73367,8374],{"class":138},[68,73369,236],{"class":78},[68,73371,41291],{"class":138},[68,73373,79],{"class":78},[68,73375,665],{"class":138},[68,73377,142],{"class":78},[68,73379,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,73381,129],{"class":128},[68,73383,79],{"class":78},[68,73385,75],{"class":74},[68,73387,79],{"class":78},[68,73389,8374],{"class":138},[68,73391,142],{"class":78},[68,73393,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,73395,1850],{"class":128},[68,73397,79],{"class":78},[68,73399,274],{"class":74},[68,73401,236],{"class":78},[68,73403,34826],{"class":1267},[68,73405,85],{"class":78},[20,73407,73408],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,73410,73411,73414,73417,73420],{},[36,73412,73413],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,73415,73416],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,73418,73419],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,73421,73422],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73424,73425,73426,73428],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[49,73427,71684],{"href":58981}," may also help.",[93,73430,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,73432,73434],{"id":73433},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73436,73437],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1470,73439,73441],{"id":73440},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73443,5191,73444,73446],{},[15,73445,3824],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1470,73448,73450],{"id":73449},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73452,73453,73454,73457,73458,236],{},"Check with ",[15,73455,73456],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73459,55545],{},[1470,73461,73463],{"id":73462},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73465,224,73466,73468,73469,73471],{},[15,73467,55545],{}," for a value and ",[15,73470,12795],{}," for an index.",[93,73473,1952],{"id":1951},[33,73475,73476,73480,73484,73488,73492],{},[36,73477,73478],{},[49,73479,55531],{"href":55083},[36,73481,73482],{},[49,73483,73157],{"href":55095},[36,73485,73486],{},[49,73487,71684],{"href":58981},[36,73489,73490],{},[49,73491,65854],{"href":72892},[36,73493,73494],{},[49,73495,73497],{"href":73496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1995,73499,73500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":73502},[73503,73504,73505,73506,73507,73508,73509,73510,73511,73512,73518],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":71829,"depth":125,"text":71830},{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473},{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":72282,"depth":125,"text":72283},{"id":65644,"depth":125,"text":65645},{"id":72895,"depth":125,"text":72896},{"id":73160,"depth":125,"text":73161},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":73513},[73514,73515,73516,73517],{"id":73433,"depth":145,"text":73434},{"id":73440,"depth":145,"text":73441},{"id":73449,"depth":145,"text":73450},{"id":73462,"depth":145,"text":73463},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71732,"description":73519},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73526,"title":73527,"body":73528,"description":75419,"extension":2033,"meta":75420,"navigation":148,"path":75421,"seo":75422,"stem":75423,"__hash__":75424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73529,"toc":75389},[73530,73536,73542,73545,73556,73558,73607,73612,73617,73621,73636,73638,73703,73705,73746,73748,73750,73765,73767,73778,73780,73837,73839,73872,73874,73877,73926,73928,73953,73955,73971,73977,73984,74045,74047,74080,74085,74088,74168,74170,74231,74237,74241,74244,74308,74310,74335,74337,74357,74359,74408,74410,74431,74440,74443,74447,74452,74497,74499,74520,74526,74531,74539,74603,74605,74642,74648,74652,74659,74724,74726,74763,74767,74784,74794,74799,74804,74815,74822,74824,74830,74853,74856,74883,74888,74891,74992,74994,75049,75052,75159,75161,75232,75235,75261,75263,75268,75272,75280,75285,75290,75296,75301,75305,75308,75325,75328,75348,75356,75358,75386],[10,73531,54358,73533,11352],{"id":73532},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73534,73535],{},"reverse()",[20,73537,73538,73541],{},[15,73539,73540],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73543,73544],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73546,73547,73548,73550,73551,73555],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73549,73535],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[49,73552,73554],{"href":73553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[93,73557,96],{"id":95},[59,73559,73561],{"className":61,"code":73560,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73562,73563,73583,73594],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73564,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73566,3663],{"class":106},[68,73568,111],{"class":110},[68,73570,725],{"class":78},[68,73572,469],{"class":160},[68,73574,472],{"class":78},[68,73576,475],{"class":160},[68,73578,472],{"class":78},[68,73580,480],{"class":160},[68,73582,730],{"class":78},[68,73584,73585,73587,73589,73592],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73586,3693],{"class":106},[68,73588,236],{"class":78},[68,73590,73591],{"class":138},"reverse",[68,73593,8677],{"class":78},[68,73595,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73597,129],{"class":128},[68,73599,79],{"class":78},[68,73601,3693],{"class":138},[68,73603,1701],{"class":78},[68,73605,73606],{"class":3708},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73608,73609,73611],{},[15,73610,73535],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[93,73613,3722,73615,3725],{"id":73614},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73616,73540],{},[20,73618,73619,503],{},[15,73620,73540],{},[33,73622,73623,73626,73629,73633],{},[36,73624,73625],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,73627,73628],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,73630,11454,73631],{},[15,73632,3824],{},[36,73634,73635],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73637,326],{},[59,73639,73641],{"className":61,"code":73640,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73642,73643,73683,73693],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73644,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73646,36122],{"class":106},[68,73648,111],{"class":110},[68,73650,725],{"class":78},[68,73652,344],{"class":114},[68,73654,49],{"class":118},[68,73656,344],{"class":114},[68,73658,472],{"class":78},[68,73660,115],{"class":114},[68,73662,4806],{"class":118},[68,73664,344],{"class":114},[68,73666,472],{"class":78},[68,73668,115],{"class":114},[68,73670,9769],{"class":118},[68,73672,344],{"class":114},[68,73674,472],{"class":78},[68,73676,115],{"class":114},[68,73678,18801],{"class":118},[68,73680,344],{"class":114},[68,73682,730],{"class":78},[68,73684,73685,73687,73689,73691],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73686,36175],{"class":106},[68,73688,236],{"class":78},[68,73690,73591],{"class":138},[68,73692,8677],{"class":78},[68,73694,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73696,129],{"class":128},[68,73698,79],{"class":78},[68,73700,36175],{"class":138},[68,73702,85],{"class":78},[20,73704,180],{},[59,73706,73708],{"className":61,"code":73707,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73709,73710],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73711,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73713,795],{"class":78},[68,73715,203],{"class":114},[68,73717,18801],{"class":118},[68,73719,203],{"class":114},[68,73721,472],{"class":78},[68,73723,197],{"class":114},[68,73725,9769],{"class":118},[68,73727,203],{"class":114},[68,73729,472],{"class":78},[68,73731,197],{"class":114},[68,73733,4806],{"class":118},[68,73735,203],{"class":114},[68,73737,472],{"class":78},[68,73739,197],{"class":114},[68,73741,49],{"class":118},[68,73743,203],{"class":114},[68,73745,730],{"class":78},[93,73747,303],{"id":302},[20,73749,2231],{},[59,73751,73753],{"className":61,"code":73752,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73754,73755],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73756,73757,73759,73761,73763],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73758,8374],{"class":106},[68,73760,236],{"class":78},[68,73762,73591],{"class":138},[68,73764,8677],{"class":78},[20,73766,13084],{},[33,73768,73769,73772,73775],{},[36,73770,73771],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,73773,73774],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,73776,73777],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73779,326],{},[59,73781,73783],{"className":61,"code":73782,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73784,73785,73817,73827],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73786,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73788,13108],{"class":106},[68,73790,111],{"class":110},[68,73792,725],{"class":78},[68,73794,344],{"class":114},[68,73796,13125],{"class":118},[68,73798,344],{"class":114},[68,73800,472],{"class":78},[68,73802,115],{"class":114},[68,73804,17488],{"class":118},[68,73806,344],{"class":114},[68,73808,472],{"class":78},[68,73810,115],{"class":114},[68,73812,13142],{"class":118},[68,73814,344],{"class":114},[68,73816,730],{"class":78},[68,73818,73819,73821,73823,73825],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73820,17535],{"class":106},[68,73822,236],{"class":78},[68,73824,73591],{"class":138},[68,73826,8677],{"class":78},[68,73828,73829,73831,73833,73835],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73830,129],{"class":128},[68,73832,79],{"class":78},[68,73834,17535],{"class":138},[68,73836,85],{"class":78},[20,73838,180],{},[59,73840,73842],{"className":61,"code":73841,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73843,73844],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73845,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73847,795],{"class":78},[68,73849,203],{"class":114},[68,73851,13142],{"class":118},[68,73853,203],{"class":114},[68,73855,472],{"class":78},[68,73857,197],{"class":114},[68,73859,17488],{"class":118},[68,73861,203],{"class":114},[68,73863,472],{"class":78},[68,73865,197],{"class":114},[68,73867,13125],{"class":118},[68,73869,203],{"class":114},[68,73871,730],{"class":78},[93,73873,11506],{"id":11505},[20,73875,73876],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[59,73878,73880],{"className":61,"code":73879,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73881,73882,73906,73916],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73883,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73885,3663],{"class":106},[68,73887,111],{"class":110},[68,73889,725],{"class":78},[68,73891,438],{"class":160},[68,73893,472],{"class":78},[68,73895,7828],{"class":160},[68,73897,472],{"class":78},[68,73899,7833],{"class":160},[68,73901,472],{"class":78},[68,73903,50858],{"class":160},[68,73905,730],{"class":78},[68,73907,73908,73910,73912,73914],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,73909,3693],{"class":106},[68,73911,236],{"class":78},[68,73913,73591],{"class":138},[68,73915,8677],{"class":78},[68,73917,73918,73920,73922,73924],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,73919,129],{"class":128},[68,73921,79],{"class":78},[68,73923,3693],{"class":138},[68,73925,85],{"class":78},[20,73927,180],{},[59,73929,73931],{"className":61,"code":73930,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73932,73933],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73934,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73936,795],{"class":78},[68,73938,56709],{"class":160},[68,73940,472],{"class":78},[68,73942,7833],{"class":160},[68,73944,472],{"class":78},[68,73946,7828],{"class":160},[68,73948,472],{"class":78},[68,73950,6045],{"class":160},[68,73952,730],{"class":78},[20,73954,11715],{},[33,73956,73957,73963,73968],{},[36,73958,73959,73960],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73961,73962],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,73964,73965,73967],{},[15,73966,73535],{}," flips the order",[36,73969,73970],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[93,73972,73974,73976],{"id":73973},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73975,73535],{}," changes the original list",[20,73978,73979,73980,73983],{},"This method is ",[1301,73981,73982],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[59,73985,73987],{"className":61,"code":73986,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73988,73989,74021,74031,74035],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,73992,36271],{"class":106},[68,73994,111],{"class":110},[68,73996,725],{"class":78},[68,73998,344],{"class":114},[68,74000,4123],{"class":118},[68,74002,344],{"class":114},[68,74004,472],{"class":78},[68,74006,115],{"class":114},[68,74008,4132],{"class":118},[68,74010,344],{"class":114},[68,74012,472],{"class":78},[68,74014,115],{"class":114},[68,74016,4141],{"class":118},[68,74018,344],{"class":114},[68,74020,730],{"class":78},[68,74022,74023,74025,74027,74029],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74024,36323],{"class":106},[68,74026,236],{"class":78},[68,74028,73591],{"class":138},[68,74030,8677],{"class":78},[68,74032,74033],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74034,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74036,74037,74039,74041,74043],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74038,129],{"class":128},[68,74040,79],{"class":78},[68,74042,36323],{"class":138},[68,74044,85],{"class":78},[20,74046,180],{},[59,74048,74050],{"className":61,"code":74049,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74051,74052],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74053,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74055,795],{"class":78},[68,74057,203],{"class":114},[68,74059,4141],{"class":118},[68,74061,203],{"class":114},[68,74063,472],{"class":78},[68,74065,197],{"class":114},[68,74067,4132],{"class":118},[68,74069,203],{"class":114},[68,74071,472],{"class":78},[68,74073,197],{"class":114},[68,74075,4123],{"class":118},[68,74077,203],{"class":114},[68,74079,730],{"class":78},[20,74081,224,74082,74084],{},[15,74083,73535],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74086,74087],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[59,74089,74091],{"className":61,"code":74090,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74092,74093,74125,74143,74147,74157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74094,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74096,36271],{"class":106},[68,74098,111],{"class":110},[68,74100,725],{"class":78},[68,74102,344],{"class":114},[68,74104,4123],{"class":118},[68,74106,344],{"class":114},[68,74108,472],{"class":78},[68,74110,115],{"class":114},[68,74112,4132],{"class":118},[68,74114,344],{"class":114},[68,74116,472],{"class":78},[68,74118,115],{"class":114},[68,74120,4141],{"class":118},[68,74122,344],{"class":114},[68,74124,730],{"class":78},[68,74126,74127,74130,74132,74134,74137,74139,74141],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74128,74129],{"class":106},"reversed_fruits ",[68,74131,111],{"class":110},[68,74133,52867],{"class":106},[68,74135,74136],{"class":78},"[::",[68,74138,2094],{"class":110},[68,74140,469],{"class":160},[68,74142,730],{"class":78},[68,74144,74145],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74146,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74150,129],{"class":128},[68,74152,79],{"class":78},[68,74154,36323],{"class":138},[68,74156,85],{"class":78},[68,74158,74159,74161,74163,74166],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,74160,129],{"class":128},[68,74162,79],{"class":78},[68,74164,74165],{"class":138},"reversed_fruits",[68,74167,85],{"class":78},[20,74169,180],{},[59,74171,74173],{"className":61,"code":74172,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74174,74175,74203],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74176,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74178,795],{"class":78},[68,74180,203],{"class":114},[68,74182,4123],{"class":118},[68,74184,203],{"class":114},[68,74186,472],{"class":78},[68,74188,197],{"class":114},[68,74190,4132],{"class":118},[68,74192,203],{"class":114},[68,74194,472],{"class":78},[68,74196,197],{"class":114},[68,74198,4141],{"class":118},[68,74200,203],{"class":114},[68,74202,730],{"class":78},[68,74204,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74206,795],{"class":78},[68,74208,203],{"class":114},[68,74210,4141],{"class":118},[68,74212,203],{"class":114},[68,74214,472],{"class":78},[68,74216,197],{"class":114},[68,74218,4132],{"class":118},[68,74220,203],{"class":114},[68,74222,472],{"class":78},[68,74224,197],{"class":114},[68,74226,4123],{"class":118},[68,74228,203],{"class":114},[68,74230,730],{"class":78},[20,74232,74233,74234,236],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[49,74235,74236],{"href":73553},"Python list slicing explained",[93,74238,74240],{"id":74239},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74242,74243],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[59,74245,74247],{"className":61,"code":74246,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74248,74249,74269,74283,74287,74298],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74252,3663],{"class":106},[68,74254,111],{"class":110},[68,74256,725],{"class":78},[68,74258,469],{"class":160},[68,74260,472],{"class":78},[68,74262,475],{"class":160},[68,74264,472],{"class":78},[68,74266,480],{"class":160},[68,74268,730],{"class":78},[68,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74272,55906],{"class":106},[68,74274,111],{"class":110},[68,74276,4308],{"class":106},[68,74278,236],{"class":78},[68,74280,73591],{"class":138},[68,74282,8677],{"class":78},[68,74284,74285],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74286,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74288,74289,74291,74293,74296],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74290,129],{"class":128},[68,74292,79],{"class":78},[68,74294,74295],{"class":138},"new_list",[68,74297,85],{"class":78},[68,74299,74300,74302,74304,74306],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,74301,129],{"class":128},[68,74303,79],{"class":78},[68,74305,3693],{"class":138},[68,74307,85],{"class":78},[20,74309,180],{},[59,74311,74313],{"className":61,"code":74312,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74314,74315,74319],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74316,74317],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74318,11840],{"class":526},[68,74320,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74322,795],{"class":78},[68,74324,2135],{"class":160},[68,74326,472],{"class":78},[68,74328,475],{"class":160},[68,74330,472],{"class":78},[68,74332,5539],{"class":160},[68,74334,730],{"class":78},[20,74336,11932],{},[33,74338,74339,74347,74351],{},[36,74340,74341,74343,74344,74346],{},[15,74342,73535],{}," changes ",[15,74345,3693],{}," directly",[36,74348,1524,74349,71853],{},[1301,74350,1303],{},[36,74352,53669,74353,42185,74355],{},[15,74354,74295],{},[15,74356,3824],{},[20,74358,61915],{},[59,74360,74362],{"className":61,"code":74361,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74363,74364,74384,74394,74398],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74365,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74367,3663],{"class":106},[68,74369,111],{"class":110},[68,74371,725],{"class":78},[68,74373,469],{"class":160},[68,74375,472],{"class":78},[68,74377,475],{"class":160},[68,74379,472],{"class":78},[68,74381,480],{"class":160},[68,74383,730],{"class":78},[68,74385,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74387,3693],{"class":106},[68,74389,236],{"class":78},[68,74391,73591],{"class":138},[68,74393,8677],{"class":78},[68,74395,74396],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74397,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74399,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74401,129],{"class":128},[68,74403,79],{"class":78},[68,74405,3693],{"class":138},[68,74407,85],{"class":78},[20,74409,180],{},[59,74411,74413],{"className":61,"code":74412,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74414,74415],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74416,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74418,795],{"class":78},[68,74420,2135],{"class":160},[68,74422,472],{"class":78},[68,74424,475],{"class":160},[68,74426,472],{"class":78},[68,74428,5539],{"class":160},[68,74430,730],{"class":78},[93,74432,74434,969,74436,74439],{"id":74433},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74435,73535],{},[15,74437,74438],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74441,74442],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1470,74444,74445],{"id":73591},[15,74446,73535],{},[20,74448,74449,74451],{},[15,74450,73535],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[59,74453,74455],{"className":61,"code":74454,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74456,74457,74477,74487],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74458,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74460,3663],{"class":106},[68,74462,111],{"class":110},[68,74464,725],{"class":78},[68,74466,2135],{"class":160},[68,74468,472],{"class":78},[68,74470,5539],{"class":160},[68,74472,472],{"class":78},[68,74474,475],{"class":160},[68,74476,730],{"class":78},[68,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74480,3693],{"class":106},[68,74482,236],{"class":78},[68,74484,73591],{"class":138},[68,74486,8677],{"class":78},[68,74488,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74490,129],{"class":128},[68,74492,79],{"class":78},[68,74494,3693],{"class":138},[68,74496,85],{"class":78},[20,74498,180],{},[59,74500,74502],{"className":61,"code":74501,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74503,74504],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74505,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74507,795],{"class":78},[68,74509,2129],{"class":160},[68,74511,472],{"class":78},[68,74513,5539],{"class":160},[68,74515,472],{"class":78},[68,74517,480],{"class":160},[68,74519,730],{"class":78},[20,74521,74522,74523,74525],{},"Notice that this is ",[1301,74524,1303],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1470,74527,74529],{"id":74528},"sorted",[15,74530,74438],{},[20,74532,74533,74538],{},[49,74534,74536],{"href":74535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74537,74438],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[59,74540,74542],{"className":61,"code":74541,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74543,74544,74564,74579,74583,74593],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74545,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74547,3663],{"class":106},[68,74549,111],{"class":110},[68,74551,725],{"class":78},[68,74553,2135],{"class":160},[68,74555,472],{"class":78},[68,74557,5539],{"class":160},[68,74559,472],{"class":78},[68,74561,475],{"class":160},[68,74563,730],{"class":78},[68,74565,74566,74568,74570,74573,74575,74577],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74567,2297],{"class":106},[68,74569,111],{"class":110},[68,74571,74572],{"class":128}," sorted",[68,74574,79],{"class":78},[68,74576,3693],{"class":138},[68,74578,85],{"class":78},[68,74580,74581],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74582,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74584,74585,74587,74589,74591],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74586,129],{"class":128},[68,74588,79],{"class":78},[68,74590,3693],{"class":138},[68,74592,85],{"class":78},[68,74594,74595,74597,74599,74601],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,74596,129],{"class":128},[68,74598,79],{"class":78},[68,74600,2331],{"class":138},[68,74602,85],{"class":78},[20,74604,180],{},[59,74606,74608],{"className":61,"code":74607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74609,74610,74626],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74611,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74613,795],{"class":78},[68,74615,2135],{"class":160},[68,74617,472],{"class":78},[68,74619,5539],{"class":160},[68,74621,472],{"class":78},[68,74623,475],{"class":160},[68,74625,730],{"class":78},[68,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74629,795],{"class":78},[68,74631,469],{"class":160},[68,74633,472],{"class":78},[68,74635,475],{"class":160},[68,74637,472],{"class":78},[68,74639,480],{"class":160},[68,74641,730],{"class":78},[20,74643,74644,74645,236],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74646,74647],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1470,74649,74651],{"id":74650},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74653,74654,74655,74658],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74656,74657],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[59,74660,74662],{"className":61,"code":74661,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74663,74664,74684,74700,74704,74714],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74665,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74667,3663],{"class":106},[68,74669,111],{"class":110},[68,74671,725],{"class":78},[68,74673,2135],{"class":160},[68,74675,472],{"class":78},[68,74677,5539],{"class":160},[68,74679,472],{"class":78},[68,74681,475],{"class":160},[68,74683,730],{"class":78},[68,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74687,2297],{"class":106},[68,74689,111],{"class":110},[68,74691,4308],{"class":106},[68,74693,74136],{"class":78},[68,74695,2094],{"class":110},[68,74697,469],{"class":160},[68,74699,730],{"class":78},[68,74701,74702],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74703,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74705,74706,74708,74710,74712],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74707,129],{"class":128},[68,74709,79],{"class":78},[68,74711,3693],{"class":138},[68,74713,85],{"class":78},[68,74715,74716,74718,74720,74722],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,74717,129],{"class":128},[68,74719,79],{"class":78},[68,74721,2331],{"class":138},[68,74723,85],{"class":78},[20,74725,180],{},[59,74727,74729],{"className":61,"code":74728,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74730,74731,74747],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74732,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74734,795],{"class":78},[68,74736,2135],{"class":160},[68,74738,472],{"class":78},[68,74740,5539],{"class":160},[68,74742,472],{"class":78},[68,74744,475],{"class":160},[68,74746,730],{"class":78},[68,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74750,795],{"class":78},[68,74752,2129],{"class":160},[68,74754,472],{"class":78},[68,74756,5539],{"class":160},[68,74758,472],{"class":78},[68,74760,480],{"class":160},[68,74762,730],{"class":78},[1470,74764,74766],{"id":74765},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,74768,74769,74774,74779],{},[36,74770,224,74771,74773],{},[15,74772,73535],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,74775,224,74776,74778],{},[15,74777,74657],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,74780,224,74781,74783],{},[15,74782,74438],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74785,74786,74787,74793],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[49,74788,74790,74791,10770],{"href":74789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74792,64328],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[93,74795,1311,74797],{"id":74796},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74798,73535],{},[20,74800,74801,74803],{},[15,74802,73535],{}," is a good choice:",[33,74805,74806,74809,74812],{},[36,74807,74808],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,74810,74811],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,74813,74814],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74816,74817,74818,236],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[49,74819,74821],{"href":74820},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[93,74823,1750],{"id":1749},[20,74825,74826,74827,74829],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74828,73535],{}," for these reasons:",[33,74831,74832,74836,74841,74846],{},[36,74833,12626,74834,12629],{},[15,74835,73535],{},[36,74837,1770,74838,74840],{},[15,74839,73535],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,74842,633,74843,74845],{},[15,74844,73535],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,74847,37237,74848,8739,74850],{},[15,74849,73535],{},[15,74851,74852],{},"reversed()",[20,74854,74855],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[59,74857,74859],{"className":61,"code":74858,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74860,74861,74873],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74862,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74864,1345],{"class":106},[68,74866,111],{"class":110},[68,74868,115],{"class":114},[68,74870,347],{"class":118},[68,74872,122],{"class":114},[68,74874,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74876,1367],{"class":106},[68,74878,236],{"class":78},[68,74880,73591],{"class":138},[68,74882,8677],{"class":78},[20,74884,74885,74886,33634],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74887,73535],{},[20,74889,74890],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[59,74892,74894],{"className":61,"code":74893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74895,74896,74916,74920,74930,74944,74948,74962,74972,74976],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,74897,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,74899,8343],{"class":106},[68,74901,111],{"class":110},[68,74903,725],{"class":78},[68,74905,469],{"class":160},[68,74907,472],{"class":78},[68,74909,475],{"class":160},[68,74911,472],{"class":78},[68,74913,480],{"class":160},[68,74915,730],{"class":78},[68,74917,74918],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,74919,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74921,74922,74924,74926,74928],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,74923,129],{"class":128},[68,74925,79],{"class":78},[68,74927,8374],{"class":138},[68,74929,85],{"class":78},[68,74931,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,74933,129],{"class":128},[68,74935,79],{"class":78},[68,74937,75],{"class":74},[68,74939,79],{"class":78},[68,74941,8374],{"class":138},[68,74943,142],{"class":78},[68,74945,74946],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,74947,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74949,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,74951,2297],{"class":106},[68,74953,111],{"class":110},[68,74955,8430],{"class":106},[68,74957,236],{"class":78},[68,74959,73591],{"class":138},[68,74961,8677],{"class":78},[68,74963,74964,74966,74968,74970],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,74965,129],{"class":128},[68,74967,79],{"class":78},[68,74969,2331],{"class":138},[68,74971,85],{"class":78},[68,74973,74974],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,74975,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,74977,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,74979,129],{"class":128},[68,74981,79],{"class":78},[68,74983,8374],{"class":138},[68,74985,74136],{"class":78},[68,74987,2094],{"class":110},[68,74989,469],{"class":160},[68,74991,3933],{"class":78},[20,74993,180],{},[59,74995,74997],{"className":61,"code":74996,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74998,74999,75015,75029,75033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75000,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75002,795],{"class":78},[68,75004,469],{"class":160},[68,75006,472],{"class":78},[68,75008,475],{"class":160},[68,75010,472],{"class":78},[68,75012,480],{"class":160},[68,75014,730],{"class":78},[68,75016,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75018,190],{"class":110},[68,75020,194],{"class":193},[68,75022,197],{"class":114},[68,75024,274],{"class":118},[68,75026,203],{"class":114},[68,75028,206],{"class":110},[68,75030,75031],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75032,11840],{"class":526},[68,75034,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75036,795],{"class":78},[68,75038,469],{"class":160},[68,75040,472],{"class":78},[68,75042,475],{"class":160},[68,75044,472],{"class":78},[68,75046,5539],{"class":160},[68,75048,730],{"class":78},[20,75050,75051],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[59,75053,75055],{"className":61,"code":75054,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75056,75057,75077,75081,75091,75105,75109,75123,75133,75143],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75060,8343],{"class":106},[68,75062,111],{"class":110},[68,75064,725],{"class":78},[68,75066,469],{"class":160},[68,75068,472],{"class":78},[68,75070,475],{"class":160},[68,75072,472],{"class":78},[68,75074,480],{"class":160},[68,75076,730],{"class":78},[68,75078,75079],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75080,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,75082,75083,75085,75087,75089],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75084,129],{"class":128},[68,75086,79],{"class":78},[68,75088,8374],{"class":138},[68,75090,85],{"class":78},[68,75092,75093,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75094,129],{"class":128},[68,75096,79],{"class":78},[68,75098,75],{"class":74},[68,75100,79],{"class":78},[68,75102,8374],{"class":138},[68,75104,142],{"class":78},[68,75106,75107],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,75108,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,75110,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,75112,2297],{"class":106},[68,75114,111],{"class":110},[68,75116,8430],{"class":106},[68,75118,236],{"class":78},[68,75120,73591],{"class":138},[68,75122,8677],{"class":78},[68,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,75126,129],{"class":128},[68,75128,79],{"class":78},[68,75130,2331],{"class":138},[68,75132,85],{"class":78},[68,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,75136,129],{"class":128},[68,75138,79],{"class":78},[68,75140,8374],{"class":138},[68,75142,85],{"class":78},[68,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,75146,129],{"class":128},[68,75148,79],{"class":78},[68,75150,8374],{"class":138},[68,75152,74136],{"class":78},[68,75154,2094],{"class":110},[68,75156,469],{"class":160},[68,75158,3933],{"class":78},[20,75160,180],{},[59,75162,75164],{"className":61,"code":75163,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75165,75166,75182,75196,75200,75216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75167,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75169,795],{"class":78},[68,75171,469],{"class":160},[68,75173,472],{"class":78},[68,75175,475],{"class":160},[68,75177,472],{"class":78},[68,75179,480],{"class":160},[68,75181,730],{"class":78},[68,75183,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75185,190],{"class":110},[68,75187,194],{"class":193},[68,75189,197],{"class":114},[68,75191,274],{"class":118},[68,75193,203],{"class":114},[68,75195,206],{"class":110},[68,75197,75198],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75199,11840],{"class":526},[68,75201,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75203,795],{"class":78},[68,75205,2135],{"class":160},[68,75207,472],{"class":78},[68,75209,475],{"class":160},[68,75211,472],{"class":78},[68,75213,5539],{"class":160},[68,75215,730],{"class":78},[68,75217,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,75219,795],{"class":78},[68,75221,469],{"class":160},[68,75223,472],{"class":78},[68,75225,475],{"class":160},[68,75227,472],{"class":78},[68,75229,480],{"class":160},[68,75231,730],{"class":78},[20,75233,75234],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,75236,75237,75246,75255],{},[36,75238,27830,75239,75242,75243],{},[15,75240,75241],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75244,75245],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,75247,11948,75248,75251,75252,22595],{},[15,75249,75250],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1301,75253,75254],{},"current",[36,75256,75257,75258],{},"So it prints ",[15,75259,75260],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[93,75262,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,75264,12736,75266,55485],{"id":75265},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75267,73540],{},[20,75269,62620,75270,236],{},[15,75271,3824],{},[1470,75273,34239,75275,34242,75277,1906],{"id":75274},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75276,73535],{},[15,75278,75279],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75281,75282,75284],{},[15,75283,73535],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75286,75287,75289],{},[15,75288,75279],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1470,75291,28363,75293,75295],{"id":75292},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75294,73535],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75297,1909,75298,75300],{},[15,75299,73535],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1470,75302,75304],{"id":75303},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75306,75307],{},"Use slicing:",[59,75309,75311],{"className":61,"code":75310,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75312,75313],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75314,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75316,8374],{"class":106},[68,75318,74136],{"class":78},[68,75320,2094],{"class":110},[68,75322,469],{"class":160},[68,75324,730],{"class":78},[20,75326,75327],{},"Or use:",[59,75329,75331],{"className":61,"code":75330,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75332,75333],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75334,75335,75337,75339,75342,75344,75346],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75336,274],{"class":74},[68,75338,79],{"class":78},[68,75340,75341],{"class":128},"reversed",[68,75343,79],{"class":78},[68,75345,8374],{"class":138},[68,75347,142],{"class":78},[20,75349,75350,75351,75355],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[49,75352,55536,75353],{"href":54976},[15,75354,12809],{}," can also help.",[93,75357,1952],{"id":1951},[33,75359,75360,75366,75372,75376,75380],{},[36,75361,75362],{},[49,75363,55536,75364,10770],{"href":74789},[15,75365,64328],{},[36,75367,75368],{},[49,75369,13,75370,1151],{"href":74535},[15,75371,74438],{},[36,75373,75374],{},[49,75375,74821],{"href":74820},[36,75377,75378],{},[49,75379,74236],{"href":73553},[36,75381,75382],{},[49,75383,55536,75384,10770],{"href":54976},[15,75385,12809],{},[1995,75387,75388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":75390},[75391,75392,75394,75395,75396,75398,75399,75406,75408,75409,75418],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":73614,"depth":125,"text":75393},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":73973,"depth":125,"text":75397},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74239,"depth":125,"text":74240},{"id":74433,"depth":125,"text":75400,"children":75401},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75402,75403,75404,75405],{"id":73591,"depth":145,"text":73535},{"id":74528,"depth":145,"text":74438},{"id":74650,"depth":145,"text":74651},{"id":74765,"depth":145,"text":74766},{"id":74796,"depth":125,"text":75407},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":75410},[75411,75413,75415,75417],{"id":75265,"depth":145,"text":75412},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75274,"depth":145,"text":75414},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75292,"depth":145,"text":75416},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75303,"depth":145,"text":75304},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73527,"description":75419},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75426,"title":75427,"body":75428,"description":77861,"extension":2033,"meta":77862,"navigation":148,"path":77863,"seo":77864,"stem":77865,"__hash__":77866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75429,"toc":77829},[75430,75433,75445,75448,75471,75479,75481,75593,75602,75606,75609,75612,75699,75701,75734,75736,75759,75765,75769,75772,75794,75796,75813,75816,75836,75838,75948,75950,76027,76031,76034,76077,76079,76212,76214,76316,76321,76325,76328,76330,76344,76347,76461,76463,76537,76539,76567,76571,76576,76606,76609,76735,76737,76819,76825,76829,76831,76870,76879,76883,76886,76890,76937,76939,76947,76951,77002,77004,77017,77019,77033,77036,77044,77046,77093,77095,77103,77106,77149,77154,77157,77160,77183,77187,77238,77241,77262,77272,77276,77278,77308,77311,77334,77338,77341,77408,77410,77447,77450,77458,77525,77527,77564,77570,77577,77581,77584,77614,77619,77623,77626,77650,77653,77747,77757,77759,77763,77766,77770,77773,77778,77781,77787,77790,77792,77820,77826],[10,75431,75427],{"id":75432},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75434,75435,75436,1448,75438,1453,75441,75444],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75437,36104],{},[15,75439,75440],{},"stop",[15,75442,75443],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75446,75447],{},"The basic slice form is:",[59,75449,75451],{"className":61,"code":75450,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75452,75453],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75454,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75456,8374],{"class":106},[68,75458,795],{"class":78},[68,75460,36104],{"class":106},[68,75462,503],{"class":78},[68,75464,75440],{"class":106},[68,75466,503],{"class":78},[68,75468,75443],{"class":106},[68,75470,730],{"class":78},[20,75472,75473,75474,75476,75477,236],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75475,75440],{}," position is ",[1301,75478,65084],{},[93,75480,2075],{"id":2074},[59,75482,75484],{"className":61,"code":75483,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75485,75486,75514,75518,75539,75557,75574],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75487,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75489,3663],{"class":106},[68,75491,111],{"class":110},[68,75493,725],{"class":78},[68,75495,438],{"class":160},[68,75497,472],{"class":78},[68,75499,7828],{"class":160},[68,75501,472],{"class":78},[68,75503,7833],{"class":160},[68,75505,472],{"class":78},[68,75507,50858],{"class":160},[68,75509,472],{"class":78},[68,75511,5125],{"class":160},[68,75513,730],{"class":78},[68,75515,75516],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75517,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,75519,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75521,129],{"class":128},[68,75523,79],{"class":78},[68,75525,3693],{"class":138},[68,75527,795],{"class":78},[68,75529,469],{"class":160},[68,75531,503],{"class":78},[68,75533,2568],{"class":160},[68,75535,20480],{"class":78},[68,75537,75538],{"class":3708},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[68,75540,75541,75543,75545,75547,75550,75552,75554],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75542,129],{"class":128},[68,75544,79],{"class":78},[68,75546,3693],{"class":138},[68,75548,75549],{"class":78},"[:",[68,75551,2135],{"class":160},[68,75553,20480],{"class":78},[68,75555,75556],{"class":3708},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[68,75558,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,75560,129],{"class":128},[68,75562,79],{"class":78},[68,75564,3693],{"class":138},[68,75566,74136],{"class":78},[68,75568,2129],{"class":160},[68,75570,20480],{"class":78},[68,75572,75573],{"class":3708},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[68,75575,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,75577,129],{"class":128},[68,75579,79],{"class":78},[68,75581,3693],{"class":138},[68,75583,74136],{"class":78},[68,75585,2094],{"class":110},[68,75587,469],{"class":160},[68,75589,20480],{"class":78},[68,75591,75592],{"class":3708},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75594,224,75595,75598,75599,75601],{},[15,75596,75597],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75600,75440],{}," value is not included.",[93,75603,75605],{"id":75604},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75607,75608],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75610,75611],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[59,75613,75615],{"className":61,"code":75614,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75616,75617,75665,75669,75688],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75618,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75620,36122],{"class":106},[68,75622,111],{"class":110},[68,75624,725],{"class":78},[68,75626,344],{"class":114},[68,75628,49],{"class":118},[68,75630,344],{"class":114},[68,75632,472],{"class":78},[68,75634,115],{"class":114},[68,75636,4806],{"class":118},[68,75638,344],{"class":114},[68,75640,472],{"class":78},[68,75642,115],{"class":114},[68,75644,9769],{"class":118},[68,75646,344],{"class":114},[68,75648,472],{"class":78},[68,75650,115],{"class":114},[68,75652,18801],{"class":118},[68,75654,344],{"class":114},[68,75656,472],{"class":78},[68,75658,115],{"class":114},[68,75660,60464],{"class":118},[68,75662,344],{"class":114},[68,75664,730],{"class":78},[68,75666,75667],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75668,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,75670,75671,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75672,75673],{"class":106},"part ",[68,75675,111],{"class":110},[68,75677,70110],{"class":106},[68,75679,795],{"class":78},[68,75681,469],{"class":160},[68,75683,503],{"class":78},[68,75685,2568],{"class":160},[68,75687,730],{"class":78},[68,75689,75690,75692,75694,75697],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75691,129],{"class":128},[68,75693,79],{"class":78},[68,75695,75696],{"class":138},"part",[68,75698,85],{"class":78},[20,75700,180],{},[59,75702,75704],{"className":61,"code":75703,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75705,75706],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75707,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75709,795],{"class":78},[68,75711,203],{"class":114},[68,75713,4806],{"class":118},[68,75715,203],{"class":114},[68,75717,472],{"class":78},[68,75719,197],{"class":114},[68,75721,9769],{"class":118},[68,75723,203],{"class":114},[68,75725,472],{"class":78},[68,75727,197],{"class":114},[68,75729,18801],{"class":118},[68,75731,203],{"class":114},[68,75733,730],{"class":78},[20,75735,13084],{},[33,75737,75738,75741,75744,75750,75756],{},[36,75739,75740],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,75742,75743],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,75745,75746,75747],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75748,75749],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,75751,75752,75753,75755],{},"The item at ",[15,75754,75440],{}," is not included",[36,75757,75758],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75760,75761,75762,236],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[49,75763,75764],{"href":50994},"beginner guide to Python lists",[93,75766,75768],{"id":75767},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75770,75771],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[59,75773,75774],{"className":61,"code":75450,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,75775,75776],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75779,8374],{"class":106},[68,75781,795],{"class":78},[68,75783,36104],{"class":106},[68,75785,503],{"class":78},[68,75787,75440],{"class":106},[68,75789,503],{"class":78},[68,75791,75443],{"class":106},[68,75793,730],{"class":78},[20,75795,65060],{},[33,75797,75798,75803,75808],{},[36,75799,75800,75802],{},[15,75801,36104],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,75804,75805,75807],{},[15,75806,75440],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,75809,75810,75812],{},[15,75811,75443],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75814,75815],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,75817,75818,75824,75829],{},[36,75819,75820,75821,75823],{},"Missing ",[15,75822,36104],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,75825,75820,75826,75828],{},[15,75827,75440],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,75830,75820,75831,75833,75834],{},[15,75832,75443],{}," means use ",[15,75835,469],{},[20,75837,326],{},[59,75839,75841],{"className":61,"code":75840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75842,75843,75871,75875,75896,75913,75931],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75844,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75846,3663],{"class":106},[68,75848,111],{"class":110},[68,75850,725],{"class":78},[68,75852,438],{"class":160},[68,75854,472],{"class":78},[68,75856,7828],{"class":160},[68,75858,472],{"class":78},[68,75860,7833],{"class":160},[68,75862,472],{"class":78},[68,75864,50858],{"class":160},[68,75866,472],{"class":78},[68,75868,5125],{"class":160},[68,75870,730],{"class":78},[68,75872,75873],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75874,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,75876,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75878,129],{"class":128},[68,75880,79],{"class":78},[68,75882,3693],{"class":138},[68,75884,795],{"class":78},[68,75886,469],{"class":160},[68,75888,503],{"class":78},[68,75890,2568],{"class":160},[68,75892,20480],{"class":78},[68,75894,75895],{"class":3708},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[68,75897,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,75899,129],{"class":128},[68,75901,79],{"class":78},[68,75903,3693],{"class":138},[68,75905,75549],{"class":78},[68,75907,2135],{"class":160},[68,75909,20480],{"class":78},[68,75911,75912],{"class":3708},"    # start from the beginning\n",[68,75914,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75928],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,75916,129],{"class":128},[68,75918,79],{"class":78},[68,75920,3693],{"class":138},[68,75922,795],{"class":78},[68,75924,2129],{"class":160},[68,75926,75927],{"class":78},":])",[68,75929,75930],{"class":3708},"    # go to the end\n",[68,75932,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,75934,129],{"class":128},[68,75936,79],{"class":78},[68,75938,3693],{"class":138},[68,75940,74136],{"class":78},[68,75942,469],{"class":160},[68,75944,20480],{"class":78},[68,75946,75947],{"class":3708},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75949,180],{},[59,75951,75953],{"className":61,"code":75952,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75954,75955,75971,75987,76003],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,75956,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,75958,795],{"class":78},[68,75960,15786],{"class":160},[68,75962,472],{"class":78},[68,75964,7833],{"class":160},[68,75966,472],{"class":78},[68,75968,50858],{"class":160},[68,75970,730],{"class":78},[68,75972,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,75974,795],{"class":78},[68,75976,438],{"class":160},[68,75978,472],{"class":78},[68,75980,7828],{"class":160},[68,75982,472],{"class":78},[68,75984,7833],{"class":160},[68,75986,730],{"class":78},[68,75988,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,75990,795],{"class":78},[68,75992,36874],{"class":160},[68,75994,472],{"class":78},[68,75996,50858],{"class":160},[68,75998,472],{"class":78},[68,76000,5125],{"class":160},[68,76002,730],{"class":78},[68,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76006,795],{"class":78},[68,76008,438],{"class":160},[68,76010,472],{"class":78},[68,76012,7828],{"class":160},[68,76014,472],{"class":78},[68,76016,7833],{"class":160},[68,76018,472],{"class":78},[68,76020,50858],{"class":160},[68,76022,472],{"class":78},[68,76024,5125],{"class":160},[68,76026,730],{"class":78},[93,76028,76030],{"id":76029},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76032,76033],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,76035,76036,76045,76054,76065,76071],{},[36,76037,76038,76041,76042,6006],{},[15,76039,76040],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76043,76044],{},"n",[36,76046,76047,76050,76051,76053],{},[15,76048,76049],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76052,76044],{}," to the end",[36,76055,76056,76059,76060,76062,76063],{},[15,76057,76058],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76061,49],{}," up to ",[15,76064,4806],{},[36,76066,76067,76070],{},[15,76068,76069],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,76072,76073,76076],{},[15,76074,76075],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76078,326],{},[59,76080,76082],{"className":61,"code":76081,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76083,76084,76117,76121,76138,76155,76176,76193],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76085,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76115],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76087,3663],{"class":106},[68,76089,111],{"class":110},[68,76091,725],{"class":78},[68,76093,438],{"class":160},[68,76095,472],{"class":78},[68,76097,7828],{"class":160},[68,76099,472],{"class":78},[68,76101,7833],{"class":160},[68,76103,472],{"class":78},[68,76105,50858],{"class":160},[68,76107,472],{"class":78},[68,76109,5125],{"class":160},[68,76111,472],{"class":78},[68,76113,76114],{"class":160}," 60",[68,76116,730],{"class":78},[68,76118,76119],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76120,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,76122,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76124,129],{"class":128},[68,76126,79],{"class":78},[68,76128,3693],{"class":138},[68,76130,75549],{"class":78},[68,76132,2135],{"class":160},[68,76134,20480],{"class":78},[68,76136,76137],{"class":3708},"    # first 3 items\n",[68,76139,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76141,129],{"class":128},[68,76143,79],{"class":78},[68,76145,3693],{"class":138},[68,76147,795],{"class":78},[68,76149,2135],{"class":160},[68,76151,75927],{"class":78},[68,76153,76154],{"class":3708},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[68,76156,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,76158,129],{"class":128},[68,76160,79],{"class":78},[68,76162,3693],{"class":138},[68,76164,795],{"class":78},[68,76166,469],{"class":160},[68,76168,503],{"class":78},[68,76170,1497],{"class":160},[68,76172,20480],{"class":78},[68,76174,76175],{"class":3708},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[68,76177,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,76179,129],{"class":128},[68,76181,79],{"class":78},[68,76183,3693],{"class":138},[68,76185,74136],{"class":78},[68,76187,2129],{"class":160},[68,76189,20480],{"class":78},[68,76191,76192],{"class":3708},"   # every second item\n",[68,76194,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,76196,129],{"class":128},[68,76198,79],{"class":78},[68,76200,3693],{"class":138},[68,76202,74136],{"class":78},[68,76204,2094],{"class":110},[68,76206,469],{"class":160},[68,76208,20480],{"class":78},[68,76210,76211],{"class":3708},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76213,180],{},[59,76215,76217],{"className":61,"code":76216,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76218,76219,76235,76251,76271,76287],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76220,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76222,795],{"class":78},[68,76224,438],{"class":160},[68,76226,472],{"class":78},[68,76228,7828],{"class":160},[68,76230,472],{"class":78},[68,76232,7833],{"class":160},[68,76234,730],{"class":78},[68,76236,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76238,795],{"class":78},[68,76240,56709],{"class":160},[68,76242,472],{"class":78},[68,76244,5125],{"class":160},[68,76246,472],{"class":78},[68,76248,76114],{"class":160},[68,76250,730],{"class":78},[68,76252,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76254,795],{"class":78},[68,76256,15786],{"class":160},[68,76258,472],{"class":78},[68,76260,7833],{"class":160},[68,76262,472],{"class":78},[68,76264,50858],{"class":160},[68,76266,472],{"class":78},[68,76268,5125],{"class":160},[68,76270,730],{"class":78},[68,76272,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76274,795],{"class":78},[68,76276,438],{"class":160},[68,76278,472],{"class":78},[68,76280,7833],{"class":160},[68,76282,472],{"class":78},[68,76284,5125],{"class":160},[68,76286,730],{"class":78},[68,76288,76289,76291,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,76290,795],{"class":78},[68,76292,76293],{"class":160},"60",[68,76295,472],{"class":78},[68,76297,5125],{"class":160},[68,76299,472],{"class":78},[68,76301,50858],{"class":160},[68,76303,472],{"class":78},[68,76305,7833],{"class":160},[68,76307,472],{"class":78},[68,76309,7828],{"class":160},[68,76311,472],{"class":78},[68,76313,6045],{"class":160},[68,76315,730],{"class":78},[20,76317,76318,76319,236],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[49,76320,14920],{"href":57235},[93,76322,76324],{"id":76323},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76326,76327],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76329,1335],{},[33,76331,76332,76338],{},[36,76333,76334,76337],{},[15,76335,76336],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,76339,76340,76343],{},[15,76341,76342],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76345,76346],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[59,76348,76350],{"className":61,"code":76349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76351,76352,76400,76404,76423,76442],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76353,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76355,36122],{"class":106},[68,76357,111],{"class":110},[68,76359,725],{"class":78},[68,76361,344],{"class":114},[68,76363,49],{"class":118},[68,76365,344],{"class":114},[68,76367,472],{"class":78},[68,76369,115],{"class":114},[68,76371,4806],{"class":118},[68,76373,344],{"class":114},[68,76375,472],{"class":78},[68,76377,115],{"class":114},[68,76379,9769],{"class":118},[68,76381,344],{"class":114},[68,76383,472],{"class":78},[68,76385,115],{"class":114},[68,76387,18801],{"class":118},[68,76389,344],{"class":114},[68,76391,472],{"class":78},[68,76393,115],{"class":114},[68,76395,60464],{"class":118},[68,76397,344],{"class":114},[68,76399,730],{"class":78},[68,76401,76402],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76403,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,76405,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76407,129],{"class":128},[68,76409,79],{"class":78},[68,76411,36175],{"class":138},[68,76413,795],{"class":78},[68,76415,2094],{"class":110},[68,76417,469],{"class":160},[68,76419,20480],{"class":78},[68,76421,76422],{"class":3708},"    # last item\n",[68,76424,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76426,129],{"class":128},[68,76428,79],{"class":78},[68,76430,36175],{"class":138},[68,76432,795],{"class":78},[68,76434,2094],{"class":110},[68,76436,2135],{"class":160},[68,76438,75927],{"class":78},[68,76440,76441],{"class":3708},"   # last 3 items\n",[68,76443,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,76445,129],{"class":128},[68,76447,79],{"class":78},[68,76449,36175],{"class":138},[68,76451,75549],{"class":78},[68,76453,2094],{"class":110},[68,76455,469],{"class":160},[68,76457,20480],{"class":78},[68,76459,76460],{"class":3708},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76462,180],{},[59,76464,76466],{"className":61,"code":76465,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76467,76468,76473,76501],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76469,76470],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76471,76472],{"class":106},"e\n",[68,76474,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76476,795],{"class":78},[68,76478,203],{"class":114},[68,76480,9769],{"class":118},[68,76482,203],{"class":114},[68,76484,472],{"class":78},[68,76486,197],{"class":114},[68,76488,18801],{"class":118},[68,76490,203],{"class":114},[68,76492,472],{"class":78},[68,76494,197],{"class":114},[68,76496,60464],{"class":118},[68,76498,203],{"class":114},[68,76500,730],{"class":78},[68,76502,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76504,795],{"class":78},[68,76506,203],{"class":114},[68,76508,49],{"class":118},[68,76510,203],{"class":114},[68,76512,472],{"class":78},[68,76514,197],{"class":114},[68,76516,4806],{"class":118},[68,76518,203],{"class":114},[68,76520,472],{"class":78},[68,76522,197],{"class":114},[68,76524,9769],{"class":118},[68,76526,203],{"class":114},[68,76528,472],{"class":78},[68,76530,197],{"class":114},[68,76532,18801],{"class":118},[68,76534,203],{"class":114},[68,76536,730],{"class":78},[20,76538,13084],{},[33,76540,76541,76544,76548,76554,76560],{},[36,76542,76543],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,76545,76546,76337],{},[15,76547,76336],{},[36,76549,76550,76553],{},[15,76551,76552],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,76555,76556,76559],{},[15,76557,76558],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,76561,76562,76563,232,76565],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76564,36104],{},[15,76566,75440],{},[93,76568,76570],{"id":76569},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76572,2050,76573,76575],{},[15,76574,75443],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,76577,76578,76581,76584,76589,76599],{},[36,76579,76580],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,76582,76583],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,76585,76586,76588],{},[15,76587,76075],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,76590,8909,76591,76593,76594,76596,76597],{},[15,76592,75443],{}," is negative, ",[15,76595,36104],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76598,75440],{},[36,76600,76601,76603,76604],{},[15,76602,75443],{}," cannot be ",[15,76605,2192],{},[20,76607,76608],{},"Example with different step values:",[59,76610,76612],{"className":61,"code":76611,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76613,76614,76646,76650,76667,76689,76708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76615,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76617,3663],{"class":106},[68,76619,111],{"class":110},[68,76621,725],{"class":78},[68,76623,438],{"class":160},[68,76625,472],{"class":78},[68,76627,7828],{"class":160},[68,76629,472],{"class":78},[68,76631,7833],{"class":160},[68,76633,472],{"class":78},[68,76635,50858],{"class":160},[68,76637,472],{"class":78},[68,76639,5125],{"class":160},[68,76641,472],{"class":78},[68,76643,76114],{"class":160},[68,76645,730],{"class":78},[68,76647,76648],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76649,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,76651,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76653,129],{"class":128},[68,76655,79],{"class":78},[68,76657,3693],{"class":138},[68,76659,74136],{"class":78},[68,76661,2129],{"class":160},[68,76663,20480],{"class":78},[68,76665,76666],{"class":3708},"     # every second item\n",[68,76668,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76682,76684,76686],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76670,129],{"class":128},[68,76672,79],{"class":78},[68,76674,3693],{"class":138},[68,76676,795],{"class":78},[68,76678,469],{"class":160},[68,76680,76681],{"class":78},"::",[68,76683,2129],{"class":160},[68,76685,20480],{"class":78},[68,76687,76688],{"class":3708},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[68,76690,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,76692,129],{"class":128},[68,76694,79],{"class":78},[68,76696,3693],{"class":138},[68,76698,74136],{"class":78},[68,76700,2094],{"class":110},[68,76702,469],{"class":160},[68,76704,20480],{"class":78},[68,76706,76707],{"class":3708},"    # reverse the list\n",[68,76709,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,76711,129],{"class":128},[68,76713,79],{"class":78},[68,76715,3693],{"class":138},[68,76717,795],{"class":78},[68,76719,2568],{"class":160},[68,76721,503],{"class":78},[68,76723,469],{"class":160},[68,76725,503],{"class":78},[68,76727,2094],{"class":110},[68,76729,469],{"class":160},[68,76731,20480],{"class":78},[68,76733,76734],{"class":3708},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76736,180],{},[59,76738,76740],{"className":61,"code":76739,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76741,76742,76758,76774,76802],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76743,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76745,795],{"class":78},[68,76747,438],{"class":160},[68,76749,472],{"class":78},[68,76751,7833],{"class":160},[68,76753,472],{"class":78},[68,76755,5125],{"class":160},[68,76757,730],{"class":78},[68,76759,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76761,795],{"class":78},[68,76763,15786],{"class":160},[68,76765,472],{"class":78},[68,76767,50858],{"class":160},[68,76769,472],{"class":78},[68,76771,76114],{"class":160},[68,76773,730],{"class":78},[68,76775,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76777,795],{"class":78},[68,76779,76293],{"class":160},[68,76781,472],{"class":78},[68,76783,5125],{"class":160},[68,76785,472],{"class":78},[68,76787,50858],{"class":160},[68,76789,472],{"class":78},[68,76791,7833],{"class":160},[68,76793,472],{"class":78},[68,76795,7828],{"class":160},[68,76797,472],{"class":78},[68,76799,6045],{"class":160},[68,76801,730],{"class":78},[68,76803,76804,76806,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,76805,795],{"class":78},[68,76807,76808],{"class":160},"50",[68,76810,472],{"class":78},[68,76812,50858],{"class":160},[68,76814,472],{"class":78},[68,76816,7833],{"class":160},[68,76818,730],{"class":78},[20,76820,76821,76822,236],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[49,76823,76824],{"href":74820},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1470,76826,76828],{"id":76827},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76830,2899],{},[59,76832,76834],{"className":61,"code":76833,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76835,76836,76856],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76837,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76839,3663],{"class":106},[68,76841,111],{"class":110},[68,76843,725],{"class":78},[68,76845,469],{"class":160},[68,76847,472],{"class":78},[68,76849,475],{"class":160},[68,76851,472],{"class":78},[68,76853,480],{"class":160},[68,76855,730],{"class":78},[68,76857,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76859,129],{"class":128},[68,76861,79],{"class":78},[68,76863,3693],{"class":138},[68,76865,74136],{"class":78},[68,76867,2192],{"class":160},[68,76869,3933],{"class":78},[20,76871,76872,76873,76875,76876,76878],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76874,40738],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76877,2192],{}," does not make sense.",[93,76880,76882],{"id":76881},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76884,76885],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1470,76887,76889],{"id":76888},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[59,76891,76893],{"className":61,"code":76892,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76894,76895,76919,76923],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76898,3663],{"class":106},[68,76900,111],{"class":110},[68,76902,725],{"class":78},[68,76904,438],{"class":160},[68,76906,472],{"class":78},[68,76908,7828],{"class":160},[68,76910,472],{"class":78},[68,76912,7833],{"class":160},[68,76914,472],{"class":78},[68,76916,50858],{"class":160},[68,76918,730],{"class":78},[68,76920,76921],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76922,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,76924,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76926,129],{"class":128},[68,76928,79],{"class":78},[68,76930,3693],{"class":138},[68,76932,795],{"class":78},[68,76934,2129],{"class":160},[68,76936,3933],{"class":78},[20,76938,180],{},[59,76940,76941],{"className":61,"code":69854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,76942,76943],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76944,76945],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76946,69854],{"class":160},[1470,76948,76950],{"id":76949},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[59,76952,76954],{"className":61,"code":76953,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76955,76956,76980,76984],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,76957,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,76959,3663],{"class":106},[68,76961,111],{"class":110},[68,76963,725],{"class":78},[68,76965,438],{"class":160},[68,76967,472],{"class":78},[68,76969,7828],{"class":160},[68,76971,472],{"class":78},[68,76973,7833],{"class":160},[68,76975,472],{"class":78},[68,76977,50858],{"class":160},[68,76979,730],{"class":78},[68,76981,76982],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,76983,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,76985,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,76987,129],{"class":128},[68,76989,79],{"class":78},[68,76991,3693],{"class":138},[68,76993,795],{"class":78},[68,76995,2129],{"class":160},[68,76997,503],{"class":78},[68,76999,2135],{"class":160},[68,77001,3933],{"class":78},[20,77003,180],{},[59,77005,77007],{"className":61,"code":77006,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[30]\n",[15,77008,77009],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77010,77011,77013,77015],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77012,795],{"class":78},[68,77014,36874],{"class":160},[68,77016,730],{"class":78},[20,77018,13795],{},[33,77020,77021,77027],{},[36,77022,77023,77026],{},[15,77024,77025],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,77028,77029,77032],{},[15,77030,77031],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77034,77035],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,77037,77038,77041],{},[36,77039,77040],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,77042,77043],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77045,326],{},[59,77047,77049],{"className":61,"code":77048,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77050,77051,77071,77075],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77052,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77054,3663],{"class":106},[68,77056,111],{"class":110},[68,77058,725],{"class":78},[68,77060,438],{"class":160},[68,77062,472],{"class":78},[68,77064,7828],{"class":160},[68,77066,472],{"class":78},[68,77068,7833],{"class":160},[68,77070,730],{"class":78},[68,77072,77073],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77074,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,77076,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77078,129],{"class":128},[68,77080,79],{"class":78},[68,77082,3693],{"class":138},[68,77084,795],{"class":78},[68,77086,1497],{"class":160},[68,77088,503],{"class":78},[68,77090,438],{"class":160},[68,77092,3933],{"class":78},[20,77094,180],{},[59,77096,77097],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,77098,77099],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77100,77101],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77102,38331],{"class":78},[20,77104,77105],{},"But this would raise an error:",[59,77107,77109],{"className":61,"code":77108,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77110,77111,77131,77135],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77112,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77114,3663],{"class":106},[68,77116,111],{"class":110},[68,77118,725],{"class":78},[68,77120,438],{"class":160},[68,77122,472],{"class":78},[68,77124,7828],{"class":160},[68,77126,472],{"class":78},[68,77128,7833],{"class":160},[68,77130,730],{"class":78},[68,77132,77133],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77134,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,77136,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77138,129],{"class":128},[68,77140,79],{"class":78},[68,77142,3693],{"class":138},[68,77144,795],{"class":78},[68,77146,1497],{"class":160},[68,77148,3933],{"class":78},[20,77150,77151,77152,236],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[49,77153,69273],{"href":69272},[93,77155,15208],{"id":77156},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77158,77159],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,77161,77162,77166,77168,77171,77177],{},[36,77163,4749,77164,75755],{},[15,77165,75440],{},[36,77167,60709],{},[36,77169,77170],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,77172,37237,77173,8739,77175],{},[15,77174,76075],{},[15,77176,73540],{},[36,77178,77179,77180,77182],{},"Using step ",[15,77181,2192],{},", which causes an error",[1470,77184,77186],{"id":77185},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[59,77188,77190],{"className":61,"code":77189,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77191,77192,77220],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77193,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77195,3663],{"class":106},[68,77197,111],{"class":110},[68,77199,725],{"class":78},[68,77201,438],{"class":160},[68,77203,472],{"class":78},[68,77205,7828],{"class":160},[68,77207,472],{"class":78},[68,77209,7833],{"class":160},[68,77211,472],{"class":78},[68,77213,50858],{"class":160},[68,77215,472],{"class":78},[68,77217,5125],{"class":160},[68,77219,730],{"class":78},[68,77221,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77223,129],{"class":128},[68,77225,79],{"class":78},[68,77227,3693],{"class":138},[68,77229,795],{"class":78},[68,77231,469],{"class":160},[68,77233,503],{"class":78},[68,77235,2568],{"class":160},[68,77237,3933],{"class":78},[20,77239,77240],{},"This returns:",[59,77242,77244],{"className":61,"code":77243,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77245,77246],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77247,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77249,795],{"class":78},[68,77251,15786],{"class":160},[68,77253,472],{"class":78},[68,77255,7833],{"class":160},[68,77257,472],{"class":78},[68,77259,50858],{"class":160},[68,77261,730],{"class":78},[20,77263,1524,77264,77266,77267,77269,77270,236],{},[1301,77265,1303],{}," include ",[15,77268,76808],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77271,2568],{},[1470,77273,77275],{"id":77274},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77277,16676],{},[59,77279,77281],{"className":61,"code":77280,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77282,77283,77303],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77284,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77286,3663],{"class":106},[68,77288,111],{"class":110},[68,77290,725],{"class":78},[68,77292,438],{"class":160},[68,77294,472],{"class":78},[68,77296,7828],{"class":160},[68,77298,472],{"class":78},[68,77300,7833],{"class":160},[68,77302,730],{"class":78},[68,77304,77305],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77306,77307],{"class":3708},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77309,77310],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[59,77312,77314],{"className":61,"code":77313,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77315,77316],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77319,129],{"class":128},[68,77321,79],{"class":78},[68,77323,3693],{"class":138},[68,77325,795],{"class":78},[68,77327,469],{"class":160},[68,77329,503],{"class":78},[68,77331,2135],{"class":160},[68,77333,3933],{"class":78},[1470,77335,77337],{"id":77336},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77339,77340],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[59,77342,77344],{"className":61,"code":77343,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77345,77346,77370,77384,77388,77398],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77347,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77349,3663],{"class":106},[68,77351,111],{"class":110},[68,77353,725],{"class":78},[68,77355,438],{"class":160},[68,77357,472],{"class":78},[68,77359,7828],{"class":160},[68,77361,472],{"class":78},[68,77363,7833],{"class":160},[68,77365,472],{"class":78},[68,77367,50858],{"class":160},[68,77369,730],{"class":78},[68,77371,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77373,75673],{"class":106},[68,77375,111],{"class":110},[68,77377,4308],{"class":106},[68,77379,75549],{"class":78},[68,77381,2129],{"class":160},[68,77383,730],{"class":78},[68,77385,77386],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77387,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,77389,77390,77392,77394,77396],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,77391,129],{"class":128},[68,77393,79],{"class":78},[68,77395,75696],{"class":138},[68,77397,85],{"class":78},[68,77399,77400,77402,77404,77406],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,77401,129],{"class":128},[68,77403,79],{"class":78},[68,77405,3693],{"class":138},[68,77407,85],{"class":78},[20,77409,180],{},[59,77411,77413],{"className":61,"code":77412,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77414,77415,77427],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77416,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77418,795],{"class":78},[68,77420,438],{"class":160},[68,77422,472],{"class":78},[68,77424,7828],{"class":160},[68,77426,730],{"class":78},[68,77428,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77430,795],{"class":78},[68,77432,438],{"class":160},[68,77434,472],{"class":78},[68,77436,7828],{"class":160},[68,77438,472],{"class":78},[68,77440,7833],{"class":160},[68,77442,472],{"class":78},[68,77444,50858],{"class":160},[68,77446,730],{"class":78},[20,77448,77449],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1470,77451,77453,77454,8739,77456],{"id":77452},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77455,76075],{},[15,77457,73540],{},[59,77459,77461],{"className":61,"code":77460,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77462,77463,77483,77487,77504,77515],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77466,3663],{"class":106},[68,77468,111],{"class":110},[68,77470,725],{"class":78},[68,77472,438],{"class":160},[68,77474,472],{"class":78},[68,77476,7828],{"class":160},[68,77478,472],{"class":78},[68,77480,7833],{"class":160},[68,77482,730],{"class":78},[68,77484,77485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77486,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,77488,77489,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77490,77491],{"class":106},"reversed_copy ",[68,77493,111],{"class":110},[68,77495,4308],{"class":106},[68,77497,74136],{"class":78},[68,77499,2094],{"class":110},[68,77501,469],{"class":160},[68,77503,730],{"class":78},[68,77505,77506,77508,77510,77513],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,77507,129],{"class":128},[68,77509,79],{"class":78},[68,77511,77512],{"class":138},"reversed_copy",[68,77514,85],{"class":78},[68,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,77518,129],{"class":128},[68,77520,79],{"class":78},[68,77522,3693],{"class":138},[68,77524,85],{"class":78},[20,77526,180],{},[59,77528,77530],{"className":61,"code":77529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77531,77532,77548],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77535,795],{"class":78},[68,77537,36874],{"class":160},[68,77539,472],{"class":78},[68,77541,7828],{"class":160},[68,77543,472],{"class":78},[68,77545,6045],{"class":160},[68,77547,730],{"class":78},[68,77549,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77551,795],{"class":78},[68,77553,438],{"class":160},[68,77555,472],{"class":78},[68,77557,7828],{"class":160},[68,77559,472],{"class":78},[68,77561,7833],{"class":160},[68,77563,730],{"class":78},[20,77565,77566,77569],{},[15,77567,77568],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77571,77572,77573,77576],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77574,77575],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1470,77578,77580],{"id":77579},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77582,77583],{},"This is not allowed:",[59,77585,77587],{"className":61,"code":77586,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77588,77589,77609],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77590,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77592,3663],{"class":106},[68,77594,111],{"class":110},[68,77596,725],{"class":78},[68,77598,438],{"class":160},[68,77600,472],{"class":78},[68,77602,7828],{"class":160},[68,77604,472],{"class":78},[68,77606,7833],{"class":160},[68,77608,730],{"class":78},[68,77610,77611],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77612,77613],{"class":3708},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77615,77616,77617,236],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77618,40738],{},[93,77620,77622],{"id":77621},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77624,77625],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,77627,77628,77635,77641,77644,77647],{},[36,77629,37237,77630,232,77632,77634],{},[15,77631,36104],{},[15,77633,75440],{}," positions",[36,77636,77637,77638,77640],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77639,75440],{}," index is included",[36,77642,77643],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,77645,77646],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,77648,77649],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77651,77652],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[59,77654,77656],{"className":61,"code":77655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77657,77658,77668,77682,77700,77714,77731],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77659,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77661,129],{"class":128},[68,77663,79],{"class":78},[68,77665,8374],{"class":138},[68,77667,85],{"class":78},[68,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77671,129],{"class":128},[68,77673,79],{"class":78},[68,77675,11191],{"class":128},[68,77677,79],{"class":78},[68,77679,8374],{"class":138},[68,77681,142],{"class":78},[68,77683,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77685,129],{"class":128},[68,77687,79],{"class":78},[68,77689,8374],{"class":138},[68,77691,795],{"class":78},[68,77693,469],{"class":160},[68,77695,503],{"class":78},[68,77697,2568],{"class":160},[68,77699,3933],{"class":78},[68,77701,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,77703,129],{"class":128},[68,77705,79],{"class":78},[68,77707,8374],{"class":138},[68,77709,75549],{"class":78},[68,77711,2135],{"class":160},[68,77713,3933],{"class":78},[68,77715,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,77717,129],{"class":128},[68,77719,79],{"class":78},[68,77721,8374],{"class":138},[68,77723,795],{"class":78},[68,77725,2094],{"class":110},[68,77727,2135],{"class":160},[68,77729,77730],{"class":78},":])\n",[68,77732,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,77734,129],{"class":128},[68,77736,79],{"class":78},[68,77738,8374],{"class":138},[68,77740,74136],{"class":78},[68,77742,2094],{"class":110},[68,77744,469],{"class":160},[68,77746,3933],{"class":78},[20,77748,633,77749,77751,77752,77756],{},[15,77750,42390],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[49,77753,77755],{"href":77754},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[93,77758,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,77760,77762],{"id":77761},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77764,77765],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1470,77767,77769],{"id":77768},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77771,77772],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1470,77774,1878,77776,39995],{"id":77775},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77777,76075],{},[20,77779,77780],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1470,77782,77784,77785,1906],{"id":77783},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77786,70745],{},[20,77788,77789],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[93,77791,1952],{"id":1951},[33,77793,77794,77799,77804,77808,77812,77816],{},[36,77795,77796],{},[49,77797,77798],{"href":50994},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,77800,77801],{},[49,77802,77803],{"href":57170},"How to create a list in Python",[36,77805,77806],{},[49,77807,14996],{"href":57235},[36,77809,77810],{},[49,77811,74821],{"href":74820},[36,77813,77814],{},[49,77815,77755],{"href":77754},[36,77817,77818],{},[49,77819,69273],{"href":69272},[20,77821,77822,77823,77825],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77824,42390],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1995,77827,77828],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":77830},[77831,77832,77833,77834,77835,77836,77839,77843,77851,77852,77860],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":75604,"depth":125,"text":75605},{"id":75767,"depth":125,"text":75768},{"id":76029,"depth":125,"text":76030},{"id":76323,"depth":125,"text":76324},{"id":76569,"depth":125,"text":76570,"children":77837},[77838],{"id":76827,"depth":145,"text":76828},{"id":76881,"depth":125,"text":76882,"children":77840},[77841,77842],{"id":76888,"depth":145,"text":76889},{"id":76949,"depth":145,"text":76950},{"id":77156,"depth":125,"text":15208,"children":77844},[77845,77846,77847,77848,77850],{"id":77185,"depth":145,"text":77186},{"id":77274,"depth":145,"text":77275},{"id":77336,"depth":145,"text":77337},{"id":77452,"depth":145,"text":77849},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77579,"depth":145,"text":77580},{"id":77621,"depth":125,"text":77622},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":77853},[77854,77855,77856,77858],{"id":77761,"depth":145,"text":77762},{"id":77768,"depth":145,"text":77769},{"id":77775,"depth":145,"text":77857},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77783,"depth":145,"text":77859},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75427,"description":77861},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77868,"title":77869,"body":77870,"description":79938,"extension":2033,"meta":79939,"navigation":148,"path":79940,"seo":79941,"stem":79942,"__hash__":79943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77871,"toc":79904},[77872,77877,77883,77889,77891,77938,77945,77950,77954,77969,77972,78025,78027,78052,78057,78059,78091,78094,78110,78112,78173,78175,78200,78204,78209,78262,78264,78289,78294,78355,78357,78382,78385,78392,78396,78399,78460,78462,78495,78498,78559,78561,78594,78600,78673,78675,78707,78714,78719,78724,78726,78738,78741,78819,78821,78862,78865,78939,78941,78974,78979,78986,78993,78997,79006,79010,79018,79020,79087,79089,79125,79130,79141,79143,79148,79153,79155,79218,79220,79245,79252,79257,79261,79264,79304,79309,79315,79320,79322,79349,79354,79357,79404,79406,79463,79470,79475,79481,79550,79554,79556,79619,79621,79654,79659,79661,79664,79745,79747,79771,79777,79779,79784,79788,79795,79803,79807,79809,79832,79836,79838,79865,79868,79875,79878,79880,79901],[10,77873,54358,77875,11352],{"id":77874},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77876,64328],{},[20,77878,77879,77882],{},[15,77880,77881],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77884,77885,77886,77888],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77887,64328],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[93,77890,2075],{"id":2074},[59,77892,77894],{"className":61,"code":77893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77895,77896,77916,77926],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910,77912,77914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77899,3663],{"class":106},[68,77901,111],{"class":110},[68,77903,725],{"class":78},[68,77905,2135],{"class":160},[68,77907,472],{"class":78},[68,77909,5539],{"class":160},[68,77911,472],{"class":78},[68,77913,475],{"class":160},[68,77915,730],{"class":78},[68,77917,77918,77920,77922,77924],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,77919,3693],{"class":106},[68,77921,236],{"class":78},[68,77923,34831],{"class":138},[68,77925,8677],{"class":78},[68,77927,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,77929,129],{"class":128},[68,77931,79],{"class":78},[68,77933,3693],{"class":138},[68,77935,1701],{"class":78},[68,77937,54948],{"class":3708},[20,77939,224,77940,77942,77943,236],{},[15,77941,77881],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77944,3824],{},[93,77946,3722,77948,3725],{"id":77947},"what-listsort-does",[15,77949,77881],{},[20,77951,77952,503],{},[15,77953,77881],{},[33,77955,77956,77959,77962,77966],{},[36,77957,77958],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,77960,77961],{},"Changes the original list",[36,77963,11454,77964],{},[15,77965,3824],{},[36,77967,77968],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77970,77971],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[59,77973,77975],{"className":61,"code":77974,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77976,77977,78001,78011,78015],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,77978,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,77980,3663],{"class":106},[68,77982,111],{"class":110},[68,77984,725],{"class":78},[68,77986,1497],{"class":160},[68,77988,472],{"class":78},[68,77990,475],{"class":160},[68,77992,472],{"class":78},[68,77994,54152],{"class":160},[68,77996,472],{"class":78},[68,77998,5539],{"class":160},[68,78000,730],{"class":78},[68,78002,78003,78005,78007,78009],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78004,3693],{"class":106},[68,78006,236],{"class":78},[68,78008,34831],{"class":138},[68,78010,8677],{"class":78},[68,78012,78013],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78014,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78016,78017,78019,78021,78023],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78018,129],{"class":128},[68,78020,79],{"class":78},[68,78022,3693],{"class":138},[68,78024,85],{"class":78},[20,78026,180],{},[59,78028,78030],{"className":61,"code":78029,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78031,78032],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78035,795],{"class":78},[68,78037,469],{"class":160},[68,78039,472],{"class":78},[68,78041,475],{"class":160},[68,78043,472],{"class":78},[68,78045,4650],{"class":160},[68,78047,472],{"class":78},[68,78049,54152],{"class":160},[68,78051,730],{"class":78},[20,78053,78054,78055,236],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[49,78056,67092],{"href":50994},[93,78058,303],{"id":302},[59,78060,78062],{"className":61,"code":78061,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78063,78064],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78065,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78085,78087,78089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78067,8374],{"class":106},[68,78069,236],{"class":78},[68,78071,34831],{"class":138},[68,78073,79],{"class":78},[68,78075,14873],{"class":9206},[68,78077,111],{"class":110},[68,78079,3824],{"class":526},[68,78081,472],{"class":78},[68,78083,78084],{"class":9206}," reverse",[68,78086,111],{"class":110},[68,78088,293],{"class":526},[68,78090,85],{"class":78},[20,78092,78093],{},"Main arguments:",[33,78095,78096,78101,78107],{},[36,78097,78098,78100],{},[15,78099,14873],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,78102,78103,78106],{},[15,78104,78105],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,78108,78109],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78111,326],{},[59,78113,78115],{"className":61,"code":78114,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78116,78117,78141,78159,78163],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78118,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78120,3663],{"class":106},[68,78122,111],{"class":110},[68,78124,725],{"class":78},[68,78126,2568],{"class":160},[68,78128,472],{"class":78},[68,78130,5539],{"class":160},[68,78132,472],{"class":78},[68,78134,6034],{"class":160},[68,78136,472],{"class":78},[68,78138,475],{"class":160},[68,78140,730],{"class":78},[68,78142,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78144,3693],{"class":106},[68,78146,236],{"class":78},[68,78148,34831],{"class":138},[68,78150,79],{"class":78},[68,78152,73591],{"class":9206},[68,78154,111],{"class":110},[68,78156,290],{"class":526},[68,78158,85],{"class":78},[68,78160,78161],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78162,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78166,129],{"class":128},[68,78168,79],{"class":78},[68,78170,3693],{"class":138},[68,78172,85],{"class":78},[20,78174,180],{},[59,78176,78178],{"className":61,"code":78177,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78179,78180],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78181,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78183,795],{"class":78},[68,78185,2097],{"class":160},[68,78187,472],{"class":78},[68,78189,2521],{"class":160},[68,78191,472],{"class":78},[68,78193,475],{"class":160},[68,78195,472],{"class":78},[68,78197,5539],{"class":160},[68,78199,730],{"class":78},[93,78201,78203],{"id":78202},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78205,224,78206,78208],{},[15,78207,64328],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[59,78210,78212],{"className":61,"code":78211,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78213,78214,78238,78248,78252],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78215,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78217,3663],{"class":106},[68,78219,111],{"class":110},[68,78221,725],{"class":78},[68,78223,438],{"class":160},[68,78225,472],{"class":78},[68,78227,480],{"class":160},[68,78229,472],{"class":78},[68,78231,6401],{"class":160},[68,78233,472],{"class":78},[68,78235,5539],{"class":160},[68,78237,730],{"class":78},[68,78239,78240,78242,78244,78246],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78241,3693],{"class":106},[68,78243,236],{"class":78},[68,78245,34831],{"class":138},[68,78247,8677],{"class":78},[68,78249,78250],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78251,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78253,78254,78256,78258,78260],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78255,129],{"class":128},[68,78257,79],{"class":78},[68,78259,3693],{"class":138},[68,78261,85],{"class":78},[20,78263,180],{},[59,78265,78267],{"className":61,"code":78266,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78268,78269],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78270,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78272,795],{"class":78},[68,78274,469],{"class":160},[68,78276,472],{"class":78},[68,78278,480],{"class":160},[68,78280,472],{"class":78},[68,78282,6401],{"class":160},[68,78284,472],{"class":78},[68,78286,6045],{"class":160},[68,78288,730],{"class":78},[20,78290,224,78291,78293],{},[15,78292,78105],{}," for descending order:",[59,78295,78297],{"className":61,"code":78296,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78298,78299,78323,78341,78345],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78300,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78302,3663],{"class":106},[68,78304,111],{"class":110},[68,78306,725],{"class":78},[68,78308,438],{"class":160},[68,78310,472],{"class":78},[68,78312,480],{"class":160},[68,78314,472],{"class":78},[68,78316,6401],{"class":160},[68,78318,472],{"class":78},[68,78320,5539],{"class":160},[68,78322,730],{"class":78},[68,78324,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78326,3693],{"class":106},[68,78328,236],{"class":78},[68,78330,34831],{"class":138},[68,78332,79],{"class":78},[68,78334,73591],{"class":9206},[68,78336,111],{"class":110},[68,78338,290],{"class":526},[68,78340,85],{"class":78},[68,78342,78343],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78344,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78346,78347,78349,78351,78353],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78348,129],{"class":128},[68,78350,79],{"class":78},[68,78352,3693],{"class":138},[68,78354,85],{"class":78},[20,78356,180],{},[59,78358,78360],{"className":61,"code":78359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78361,78362],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78363,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78365,795],{"class":78},[68,78367,438],{"class":160},[68,78369,472],{"class":78},[68,78371,6401],{"class":160},[68,78373,472],{"class":78},[68,78375,480],{"class":160},[68,78377,472],{"class":78},[68,78379,5539],{"class":160},[68,78381,730],{"class":78},[20,78383,78384],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78386,78387,78388,236],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[49,78389,78391],{"href":78390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[93,78393,78395],{"id":78394},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78397,78398],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[59,78400,78402],{"className":61,"code":78401,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78403,78404,78436,78446,78450],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78407,4114],{"class":106},[68,78409,111],{"class":110},[68,78411,725],{"class":78},[68,78413,344],{"class":114},[68,78415,4132],{"class":118},[68,78417,344],{"class":114},[68,78419,472],{"class":78},[68,78421,115],{"class":114},[68,78423,4123],{"class":118},[68,78425,344],{"class":114},[68,78427,472],{"class":78},[68,78429,115],{"class":114},[68,78431,4141],{"class":118},[68,78433,344],{"class":114},[68,78435,730],{"class":78},[68,78437,78438,78440,78442,78444],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78439,4158],{"class":106},[68,78441,236],{"class":78},[68,78443,34831],{"class":138},[68,78445,8677],{"class":78},[68,78447,78448],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78449,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78451,78452,78454,78456,78458],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78453,129],{"class":128},[68,78455,79],{"class":78},[68,78457,4158],{"class":138},[68,78459,85],{"class":78},[20,78461,180],{},[59,78463,78465],{"className":61,"code":78464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78466,78467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78468,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78470,795],{"class":78},[68,78472,203],{"class":114},[68,78474,4123],{"class":118},[68,78476,203],{"class":114},[68,78478,472],{"class":78},[68,78480,197],{"class":114},[68,78482,4132],{"class":118},[68,78484,203],{"class":114},[68,78486,472],{"class":78},[68,78488,197],{"class":114},[68,78490,4141],{"class":118},[68,78492,203],{"class":114},[68,78494,730],{"class":78},[20,78496,78497],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[59,78499,78501],{"className":61,"code":78500,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78502,78503,78535,78545,78549],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78504,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78506,4114],{"class":106},[68,78508,111],{"class":110},[68,78510,725],{"class":78},[68,78512,344],{"class":114},[68,78514,4132],{"class":118},[68,78516,344],{"class":114},[68,78518,472],{"class":78},[68,78520,115],{"class":114},[68,78522,57784],{"class":118},[68,78524,344],{"class":114},[68,78526,472],{"class":78},[68,78528,115],{"class":114},[68,78530,4141],{"class":118},[68,78532,344],{"class":114},[68,78534,730],{"class":78},[68,78536,78537,78539,78541,78543],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78538,4158],{"class":106},[68,78540,236],{"class":78},[68,78542,34831],{"class":138},[68,78544,8677],{"class":78},[68,78546,78547],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78548,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78550,78551,78553,78555,78557],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78552,129],{"class":128},[68,78554,79],{"class":78},[68,78556,4158],{"class":138},[68,78558,85],{"class":78},[20,78560,180],{},[59,78562,78564],{"className":61,"code":78563,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78565,78566],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78567,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78569,795],{"class":78},[68,78571,203],{"class":114},[68,78573,57784],{"class":118},[68,78575,203],{"class":114},[68,78577,472],{"class":78},[68,78579,197],{"class":114},[68,78581,4132],{"class":118},[68,78583,203],{"class":114},[68,78585,472],{"class":78},[68,78587,197],{"class":114},[68,78589,4141],{"class":118},[68,78591,203],{"class":114},[68,78593,730],{"class":78},[20,78595,78596,78597,503],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78598,78599],{},"key=str.lower",[59,78601,78603],{"className":61,"code":78602,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78604,78605,78637,78659,78663],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78608,4114],{"class":106},[68,78610,111],{"class":110},[68,78612,725],{"class":78},[68,78614,344],{"class":114},[68,78616,4132],{"class":118},[68,78618,344],{"class":114},[68,78620,472],{"class":78},[68,78622,115],{"class":114},[68,78624,57784],{"class":118},[68,78626,344],{"class":114},[68,78628,472],{"class":78},[68,78630,115],{"class":114},[68,78632,4141],{"class":118},[68,78634,344],{"class":114},[68,78636,730],{"class":78},[68,78638,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78640,4158],{"class":106},[68,78642,236],{"class":78},[68,78644,34831],{"class":138},[68,78646,79],{"class":78},[68,78648,14873],{"class":9206},[68,78650,111],{"class":110},[68,78652,200],{"class":74},[68,78654,236],{"class":78},[68,78656,8674],{"class":1267},[68,78658,85],{"class":78},[68,78660,78661],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78662,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78664,78665,78667,78669,78671],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78666,129],{"class":128},[68,78668,79],{"class":78},[68,78670,4158],{"class":138},[68,78672,85],{"class":78},[20,78674,180],{},[59,78676,78677],{"className":61,"code":78563,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,78678,78679],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78680,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78682,795],{"class":78},[68,78684,203],{"class":114},[68,78686,57784],{"class":118},[68,78688,203],{"class":114},[68,78690,472],{"class":78},[68,78692,197],{"class":114},[68,78694,4132],{"class":118},[68,78696,203],{"class":114},[68,78698,472],{"class":78},[68,78700,197],{"class":114},[68,78702,4141],{"class":118},[68,78704,203],{"class":114},[68,78706,730],{"class":78},[20,78708,78709,78710,78713],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78711,78712],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[93,78715,36645,78717,36648],{"id":78716},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78718,14873],{},[20,78720,2050,78721,78723],{},[15,78722,14873],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78725,7380],{},[33,78727,78728,78733],{},[36,78729,78730,78732],{},[15,78731,11191],{}," to sort by length",[36,78734,78735,78737],{},[15,78736,78712],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78739,78740],{},"Sort words by length:",[59,78742,78744],{"className":61,"code":78743,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78745,78746,78787,78805,78809],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78747,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78749,4114],{"class":106},[68,78751,111],{"class":110},[68,78753,725],{"class":78},[68,78755,344],{"class":114},[68,78757,78758],{"class":118},"pear",[68,78760,344],{"class":114},[68,78762,472],{"class":78},[68,78764,115],{"class":114},[68,78766,4132],{"class":118},[68,78768,344],{"class":114},[68,78770,472],{"class":78},[68,78772,115],{"class":114},[68,78774,38392],{"class":118},[68,78776,344],{"class":114},[68,78778,472],{"class":78},[68,78780,115],{"class":114},[68,78782,4123],{"class":118},[68,78784,344],{"class":114},[68,78786,730],{"class":78},[68,78788,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78790,4158],{"class":106},[68,78792,236],{"class":78},[68,78794,34831],{"class":138},[68,78796,79],{"class":78},[68,78798,14873],{"class":9206},[68,78800,111],{"class":110},[68,78802,11191],{"class":128},[68,78804,85],{"class":78},[68,78806,78807],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78808,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78812,129],{"class":128},[68,78814,79],{"class":78},[68,78816,4158],{"class":138},[68,78818,85],{"class":78},[20,78820,180],{},[59,78822,78824],{"className":61,"code":78823,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78825,78826],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78827,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78829,795],{"class":78},[68,78831,203],{"class":114},[68,78833,38392],{"class":118},[68,78835,203],{"class":114},[68,78837,472],{"class":78},[68,78839,197],{"class":114},[68,78841,78758],{"class":118},[68,78843,203],{"class":114},[68,78845,472],{"class":78},[68,78847,197],{"class":114},[68,78849,4123],{"class":118},[68,78851,203],{"class":114},[68,78853,472],{"class":78},[68,78855,197],{"class":114},[68,78857,4132],{"class":118},[68,78859,203],{"class":114},[68,78861,730],{"class":78},[20,78863,78864],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[59,78866,78868],{"className":61,"code":78867,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78869,78870,78903,78925,78929],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78899,78901],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78873,4114],{"class":106},[68,78875,111],{"class":110},[68,78877,725],{"class":78},[68,78879,344],{"class":114},[68,78881,5057],{"class":118},[68,78883,344],{"class":114},[68,78885,472],{"class":78},[68,78887,115],{"class":114},[68,78889,17836],{"class":118},[68,78891,344],{"class":114},[68,78893,472],{"class":78},[68,78895,115],{"class":114},[68,78897,78898],{"class":118},"Carol",[68,78900,344],{"class":114},[68,78902,730],{"class":78},[68,78904,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,78906,4158],{"class":106},[68,78908,236],{"class":78},[68,78910,34831],{"class":138},[68,78912,79],{"class":78},[68,78914,14873],{"class":9206},[68,78916,111],{"class":110},[68,78918,200],{"class":74},[68,78920,236],{"class":78},[68,78922,8674],{"class":1267},[68,78924,85],{"class":78},[68,78926,78927],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,78928,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,78930,78931,78933,78935,78937],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,78932,129],{"class":128},[68,78934,79],{"class":78},[68,78936,4158],{"class":138},[68,78938,85],{"class":78},[20,78940,180],{},[59,78942,78944],{"className":61,"code":78943,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78945,78946],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,78947,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,78949,795],{"class":78},[68,78951,203],{"class":114},[68,78953,17836],{"class":118},[68,78955,203],{"class":114},[68,78957,472],{"class":78},[68,78959,197],{"class":114},[68,78961,5057],{"class":118},[68,78963,203],{"class":114},[68,78965,472],{"class":78},[68,78967,197],{"class":114},[68,78969,78898],{"class":118},[68,78971,203],{"class":114},[68,78973,730],{"class":78},[20,78975,2050,78976,78978],{},[15,78977,14873],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[93,78980,78982,969,78984],{"id":78981},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78983,77881],{},[15,78985,74438],{},[20,78987,78988,232,78990,78992],{},[15,78989,77881],{},[15,78991,74438],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78994,78995,503],{},[15,78996,77881],{},[33,78998,78999,79002],{},[36,79000,79001],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,79003,11454,79004],{},[15,79005,3824],{},[20,79007,79008,503],{},[15,79009,74438],{},[33,79011,79012,79015],{},[36,79013,79014],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,79016,79017],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79019,326],{},[59,79021,79023],{"className":61,"code":79022,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79024,79025,79045,79049,79063,79067,79077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79026,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79028,3663],{"class":106},[68,79030,111],{"class":110},[68,79032,725],{"class":78},[68,79034,2135],{"class":160},[68,79036,472],{"class":78},[68,79038,5539],{"class":160},[68,79040,472],{"class":78},[68,79042,475],{"class":160},[68,79044,730],{"class":78},[68,79046,79047],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79048,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79050,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79052,55906],{"class":106},[68,79054,111],{"class":110},[68,79056,74572],{"class":128},[68,79058,79],{"class":78},[68,79060,3693],{"class":138},[68,79062,85],{"class":78},[68,79064,79065],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79066,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79068,79069,79071,79073,79075],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,79070,129],{"class":128},[68,79072,79],{"class":78},[68,79074,3693],{"class":138},[68,79076,85],{"class":78},[68,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,79080,129],{"class":128},[68,79082,79],{"class":78},[68,79084,74295],{"class":138},[68,79086,85],{"class":78},[20,79088,180],{},[59,79090,79091],{"className":61,"code":74607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,79092,79093,79109],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79096,795],{"class":78},[68,79098,2135],{"class":160},[68,79100,472],{"class":78},[68,79102,5539],{"class":160},[68,79104,472],{"class":78},[68,79106,475],{"class":160},[68,79108,730],{"class":78},[68,79110,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79112,795],{"class":78},[68,79114,469],{"class":160},[68,79116,472],{"class":78},[68,79118,475],{"class":160},[68,79120,472],{"class":78},[68,79122,480],{"class":160},[68,79124,730],{"class":78},[20,79126,224,79127,79129],{},[15,79128,74438],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79131,79132,79133,232,79137,236],{},"You can learn more in ",[49,79134,13,79135,5823],{"href":74535},[15,79136,74438],{},[49,79138,79140],{"href":79139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[93,79142,1750],{"id":1749},[20,79144,79145,79146,236],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79147,77881],{},[1470,79149,12626,79151],{"id":79150},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79152,64328],{},[20,79154,25724],{},[59,79156,79158],{"className":61,"code":79157,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79159,79160,79180,79194,79198,79208],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79161,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79163,3663],{"class":106},[68,79165,111],{"class":110},[68,79167,725],{"class":78},[68,79169,2135],{"class":160},[68,79171,472],{"class":78},[68,79173,5539],{"class":160},[68,79175,472],{"class":78},[68,79177,475],{"class":160},[68,79179,730],{"class":78},[68,79181,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79183,2297],{"class":106},[68,79185,111],{"class":110},[68,79187,4308],{"class":106},[68,79189,236],{"class":78},[68,79191,34831],{"class":138},[68,79193,8677],{"class":78},[68,79195,79196],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79197,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79201,129],{"class":128},[68,79203,79],{"class":78},[68,79205,2331],{"class":138},[68,79207,85],{"class":78},[68,79209,79210,79212,79214,79216],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,79211,129],{"class":128},[68,79213,79],{"class":78},[68,79215,3693],{"class":138},[68,79217,85],{"class":78},[20,79219,180],{},[59,79221,79223],{"className":61,"code":79222,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79224,79225,79229],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79226,79227],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79228,11840],{"class":526},[68,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79232,795],{"class":78},[68,79234,469],{"class":160},[68,79236,472],{"class":78},[68,79238,475],{"class":160},[68,79240,472],{"class":78},[68,79242,480],{"class":160},[68,79244,730],{"class":78},[20,79246,79247,79249,79250,236],{},[15,79248,64328],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79251,3824],{},[20,79253,79254,79255,6670],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79256,74438],{},[1470,79258,79260],{"id":79259},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79262,79263],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[59,79265,79267],{"className":61,"code":79266,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79268,79269,79294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79270,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281,79283,79286,79288,79290,79292],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79272,7817],{"class":106},[68,79274,111],{"class":110},[68,79276,725],{"class":78},[68,79278,469],{"class":160},[68,79280,472],{"class":78},[68,79282,115],{"class":114},[68,79284,79285],{"class":118},"two",[68,79287,344],{"class":114},[68,79289,472],{"class":78},[68,79291,480],{"class":160},[68,79293,730],{"class":78},[68,79295,79296,79298,79300,79302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79297,7848],{"class":106},[68,79299,236],{"class":78},[68,79301,34831],{"class":138},[68,79303,8677],{"class":78},[20,79305,3057,79306,79308],{},[15,79307,3060],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1470,79310,4749,79312,79314],{"id":79311},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79313,64328],{}," only works on lists",[20,79316,79317,79319],{},[15,79318,64328],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79321,16676],{},[59,79323,79325],{"className":61,"code":79324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79326,79327,79339],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79328,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79330,1345],{"class":106},[68,79332,111],{"class":110},[68,79334,115],{"class":114},[68,79336,63],{"class":118},[68,79338,122],{"class":114},[68,79340,79341,79343,79345,79347],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79342,1367],{"class":106},[68,79344,236],{"class":78},[68,79346,34831],{"class":138},[68,79348,8677],{"class":78},[20,79350,79351,79352,33634],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79353,64328],{},[20,79355,79356],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[59,79358,79360],{"className":61,"code":79359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79361,79362,79380,79390,79394],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79363,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79365,36122],{"class":106},[68,79367,111],{"class":110},[68,79369,22595],{"class":74},[68,79371,79],{"class":78},[68,79373,344],{"class":114},[68,79375,63],{"class":118},[68,79377,344],{"class":114},[68,79379,85],{"class":78},[68,79381,79382,79384,79386,79388],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79383,36175],{"class":106},[68,79385,236],{"class":78},[68,79387,34831],{"class":138},[68,79389,8677],{"class":78},[68,79391,79392],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79393,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79395,79396,79398,79400,79402],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79397,129],{"class":128},[68,79399,79],{"class":78},[68,79401,36175],{"class":138},[68,79403,85],{"class":78},[20,79405,180],{},[59,79407,79409],{"className":61,"code":79408,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79410,79411],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79412,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79414,795],{"class":78},[68,79416,203],{"class":114},[68,79418,60455],{"class":118},[68,79420,203],{"class":114},[68,79422,472],{"class":78},[68,79424,197],{"class":114},[68,79426,76044],{"class":118},[68,79428,203],{"class":114},[68,79430,472],{"class":78},[68,79432,197],{"class":114},[68,79434,60490],{"class":118},[68,79436,203],{"class":114},[68,79438,472],{"class":78},[68,79440,197],{"class":114},[68,79442,20],{"class":118},[68,79444,203],{"class":114},[68,79446,472],{"class":78},[68,79448,197],{"class":114},[68,79450,63303],{"class":118},[68,79452,203],{"class":114},[68,79454,472],{"class":78},[68,79456,197],{"class":114},[68,79458,11777],{"class":118},[68,79460,203],{"class":114},[68,79462,730],{"class":78},[1470,79464,79466,79467,79469],{"id":79465},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79468,14873],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79471,79472,79473,236],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79474,14873],{},[20,79476,79477,79478,79480],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79479,64328],{}," will not do that:",[59,79482,79484],{"className":61,"code":79483,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79485,79486,79518,79536,79540],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79489,4114],{"class":106},[68,79491,111],{"class":110},[68,79493,725],{"class":78},[68,79495,344],{"class":114},[68,79497,4132],{"class":118},[68,79499,344],{"class":114},[68,79501,472],{"class":78},[68,79503,115],{"class":114},[68,79505,38392],{"class":118},[68,79507,344],{"class":114},[68,79509,472],{"class":78},[68,79511,115],{"class":114},[68,79513,4123],{"class":118},[68,79515,344],{"class":114},[68,79517,730],{"class":78},[68,79519,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79521,4158],{"class":106},[68,79523,236],{"class":78},[68,79525,34831],{"class":138},[68,79527,79],{"class":78},[68,79529,14873],{"class":9206},[68,79531,111],{"class":110},[68,79533,11191],{"class":128},[68,79535,85],{"class":78},[68,79537,79538],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79539,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79541,79542,79544,79546,79548],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79543,129],{"class":128},[68,79545,79],{"class":78},[68,79547,4158],{"class":138},[68,79549,85],{"class":78},[1470,79551,79553],{"id":79552},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79555,1546],{},[59,79557,79559],{"className":61,"code":79558,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79560,79561,79595,79605,79609],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79562,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79591,79593],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79564,4114],{"class":106},[68,79566,111],{"class":110},[68,79568,725],{"class":78},[68,79570,344],{"class":114},[68,79572,79573],{"class":118},"zebra",[68,79575,344],{"class":114},[68,79577,472],{"class":78},[68,79579,115],{"class":114},[68,79581,57784],{"class":118},[68,79583,344],{"class":114},[68,79585,472],{"class":78},[68,79587,115],{"class":114},[68,79589,79590],{"class":118},"monkey",[68,79592,344],{"class":114},[68,79594,730],{"class":78},[68,79596,79597,79599,79601,79603],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79598,4158],{"class":106},[68,79600,236],{"class":78},[68,79602,34831],{"class":138},[68,79604,8677],{"class":78},[68,79606,79607],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79608,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,79610,79611,79613,79615,79617],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79612,129],{"class":128},[68,79614,79],{"class":78},[68,79616,4158],{"class":138},[68,79618,85],{"class":78},[20,79620,180],{},[59,79622,79624],{"className":61,"code":79623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79625,79626],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79627,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79629,795],{"class":78},[68,79631,203],{"class":114},[68,79633,57784],{"class":118},[68,79635,203],{"class":114},[68,79637,472],{"class":78},[68,79639,197],{"class":114},[68,79641,79590],{"class":118},[68,79643,203],{"class":114},[68,79645,472],{"class":78},[68,79647,197],{"class":114},[68,79649,79573],{"class":118},[68,79651,203],{"class":114},[68,79653,730],{"class":78},[20,79655,224,79656,79658],{},[15,79657,78599],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1470,79660,60727],{"id":60726},[20,79662,79663],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[59,79665,79667],{"className":61,"code":79666,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79668,79669,79679,79693,79707,79721],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79672,129],{"class":128},[68,79674,79],{"class":78},[68,79676,8374],{"class":138},[68,79678,85],{"class":78},[68,79680,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,79682,129],{"class":128},[68,79684,79],{"class":78},[68,79686,75],{"class":74},[68,79688,79],{"class":78},[68,79690,8374],{"class":138},[68,79692,142],{"class":78},[68,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,79696,129],{"class":128},[68,79698,79],{"class":78},[68,79700,8374],{"class":138},[68,79702,236],{"class":78},[68,79704,34831],{"class":138},[68,79706,7231],{"class":78},[68,79708,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,79710,129],{"class":128},[68,79712,79],{"class":78},[68,79714,74528],{"class":128},[68,79716,79],{"class":78},[68,79718,8374],{"class":138},[68,79720,142],{"class":78},[68,79722,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,79724,129],{"class":128},[68,79726,466],{"class":78},[68,79728,75],{"class":74},[68,79730,79],{"class":78},[68,79732,23346],{"class":138},[68,79734,1701],{"class":78},[68,79736,3921],{"class":1098},[68,79738,6001],{"class":138},[68,79740,3927],{"class":1098},[68,79742,8430],{"class":138},[68,79744,3933],{"class":78},[20,79746,11200],{},[33,79748,79749,79752,79755,79762,79768],{},[36,79750,79751],{},"What values are in the list",[36,79753,79754],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,79756,79757,79758,1541,79760],{},"That ",[15,79759,64328],{},[15,79761,3824],{},[36,79763,79764,79765,79767],{},"Whether ",[15,79766,74438],{}," works better for your case",[36,79769,79770],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79772,79773,79774,79776],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79775,3060],{}," problems.",[93,79778,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,79780,12736,79782,55485],{"id":79781},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79783,77881],{},[20,79785,62620,79786,236],{},[15,79787,3824],{},[1470,79789,5221,79791,232,79793,1906],{"id":79790},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79792,64328],{},[15,79794,74438],{},[20,79796,79797,79799,79800,79802],{},[15,79798,64328],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79801,74438],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1470,79804,79806],{"id":79805},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79808,18728],{},[59,79810,79812],{"className":61,"code":79811,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79813,79814],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79815,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79817,8374],{"class":106},[68,79819,236],{"class":78},[68,79821,34831],{"class":138},[68,79823,79],{"class":78},[68,79825,73591],{"class":9206},[68,79827,111],{"class":110},[68,79829,290],{"class":526},[68,79831,85],{"class":78},[1470,79833,79835],{"id":79834},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79837,18728],{},[59,79839,79841],{"className":61,"code":79840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79842,79843],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,79844,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,79846,8374],{"class":106},[68,79848,236],{"class":78},[68,79850,34831],{"class":138},[68,79852,79],{"class":78},[68,79854,14873],{"class":9206},[68,79856,111],{"class":110},[68,79858,200],{"class":74},[68,79860,236],{"class":78},[68,79862,8674],{"class":1267},[68,79864,85],{"class":78},[20,79866,79867],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1470,79869,79871,79872,79874],{"id":79870},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79873,3060],{}," when sorting?",[20,79876,79877],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[93,79879,1952],{"id":1951},[33,79881,79882,79887,79893,79897],{},[36,79883,79884],{},[49,79885,79886],{"href":78390},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,79888,79889],{},[49,79890,13,79891,5823],{"href":74535},[15,79892,74438],{},[36,79894,79895],{},[49,79896,67092],{"href":50994},[36,79898,79899],{},[49,79900,79140],{"href":79139},[1995,79902,79903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":79905},[79906,79907,79909,79910,79911,79912,79914,79916,79927,79937],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":77947,"depth":125,"text":79908},"What list.sort() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":78202,"depth":125,"text":78203},{"id":78394,"depth":125,"text":78395},{"id":78716,"depth":125,"text":79913},"Using the key argument",{"id":78981,"depth":125,"text":79915},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":79917},[79918,79920,79921,79923,79925,79926],{"id":79150,"depth":145,"text":79919},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79259,"depth":145,"text":79260},{"id":79311,"depth":145,"text":79922},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79465,"depth":145,"text":79924},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79552,"depth":145,"text":79553},{"id":60726,"depth":145,"text":60727},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":79928},[79929,79931,79933,79934,79935],{"id":79781,"depth":145,"text":79930},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79790,"depth":145,"text":79932},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79805,"depth":145,"text":79806},{"id":79834,"depth":145,"text":79835},{"id":79870,"depth":145,"text":79936},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77869,"description":79938},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79945,"title":79946,"body":79947,"description":82578,"extension":2033,"meta":82579,"navigation":148,"path":82580,"seo":82581,"stem":82582,"__hash__":82583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79948,"toc":82537},[79949,79954,79959,79962,79973,79976,79996,79998,80060,80062,80103,80112,80117,80122,80128,80139,80141,80160,80163,80168,80173,80175,80180,80194,80196,80214,80217,80234,80237,80243,80266,80271,80273,80276,80337,80339,80372,80374,80413,80421,80431,80437,80442,80535,80537,80561,80563,80581,80584,80615,80621,80626,80629,80631,80756,80758,80782,80784,80803,80809,80815,80934,80936,80953,80960,80966,80971,80978,80984,80986,81043,81046,81067,81070,81073,81134,81136,81169,81173,81243,81245,81262,81266,81269,81344,81346,81383,81386,81389,81460,81462,81523,81528,81533,81536,81550,81552,81625,81627,81647,81650,81653,81710,81772,81775,81807,81810,81825,81830,81832,81838,81841,81897,81900,81902,81921,81925,81927,81971,81980,81982,82042,82046,82049,82051,82144,82146,82261,82265,82267,82341,82344,82347,82349,82354,82419,82421,82445,82455,82457,82463,82472,82481,82490,82496,82499,82503,82506,82508,82534],[10,79950,13,79952,18],{"id":79951},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79953,39751],{},[20,79955,3629,79956,79958],{},[15,79957,39751],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79960,79961],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,79963,79964,79967,79970],{},[36,79965,79966],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,79968,79969],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,79971,79972],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79974,79975],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,79977,79978,79985,79991],{},[36,79979,79980,14086,79982,79984],{},[15,79981,39751],{},[1301,79983,1303],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,79986,79987,79988],{},"it returns a ",[1301,79989,79990],{},"map object",[36,79992,79993,79994],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79995,24816],{},[93,79997,2075],{"id":2074},[59,79999,80001],{"className":61,"code":80000,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80002,80003,80027,80046],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80004,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80006,3663],{"class":106},[68,80008,111],{"class":110},[68,80010,725],{"class":78},[68,80012,469],{"class":160},[68,80014,472],{"class":78},[68,80016,475],{"class":160},[68,80018,472],{"class":78},[68,80020,480],{"class":160},[68,80022,472],{"class":78},[68,80024,2521],{"class":160},[68,80026,730],{"class":78},[68,80028,80029,80031,80033,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,80030,2297],{"class":106},[68,80032,111],{"class":110},[68,80034,80035],{"class":128}," map",[68,80037,79],{"class":78},[68,80039,200],{"class":74},[68,80041,472],{"class":78},[68,80043,4308],{"class":138},[68,80045,85],{"class":78},[68,80047,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,80049,129],{"class":128},[68,80051,79],{"class":78},[68,80053,274],{"class":74},[68,80055,79],{"class":78},[68,80057,2331],{"class":138},[68,80059,142],{"class":78},[20,80061,180],{},[59,80063,80065],{"className":61,"code":80064,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80066,80067],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80068,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80070,795],{"class":78},[68,80072,203],{"class":114},[68,80074,469],{"class":118},[68,80076,203],{"class":114},[68,80078,472],{"class":78},[68,80080,197],{"class":114},[68,80082,2129],{"class":118},[68,80084,203],{"class":114},[68,80086,472],{"class":78},[68,80088,197],{"class":114},[68,80090,2135],{"class":118},[68,80092,203],{"class":114},[68,80094,472],{"class":78},[68,80096,197],{"class":114},[68,80098,2568],{"class":118},[68,80100,203],{"class":114},[68,80102,730],{"class":78},[20,80104,224,80105,80108,80109,80111],{},[15,80106,80107],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80110,24816],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[93,80113,3722,80115,3725],{"id":80114},"what-map-does",[15,80116,39751],{},[20,80118,80119,80121],{},[15,80120,39751],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80123,80124,80125,80127],{},"An ",[1301,80126,3766],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,80129,80130,80132,80134,80136],{},[36,80131,37935],{},[36,80133,37938],{},[36,80135,37941],{},[36,80137,80138],{},"a range object",[20,80140,30759],{},[59,80142,80144],{"className":61,"code":80143,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80145,80146],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80147,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80149,39894],{"class":128},[68,80151,79],{"class":78},[68,80153,37894],{"class":138},[68,80155,472],{"class":78},[68,80157,37899],{"class":138},[68,80159,85],{"class":78},[20,80161,80162],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80164,80165,80166,33775],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1301,80167,79990],{},[20,80169,80170,80171,236],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[49,80172,5181],{"href":5180},[93,80174,303],{"id":302},[20,80176,80177,80179],{},[15,80178,39751],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,80181,80182,80188],{},[36,80183,80184,80187],{},[1301,80185,80186],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,80189,80190,80193],{},[1301,80191,80192],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80195,3751],{},[59,80197,80198],{"className":61,"code":80143,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,80199,80200],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80201,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80203,39894],{"class":128},[68,80205,79],{"class":78},[68,80207,37894],{"class":138},[68,80209,472],{"class":78},[68,80211,37899],{"class":138},[68,80213,85],{"class":78},[20,80215,80216],{},"You can pass:",[33,80218,80219,80228,80231],{},[36,80220,80221,80222,1448,80224,1891,80226],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80223,200],{},[15,80225,217],{},[15,80227,2089],{},[36,80229,80230],{},"your own custom function",[36,80232,80233],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80235,80236],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80238,80239,80240,80242],{},"You will often see ",[15,80241,39751],{}," used like this:",[59,80244,80246],{"className":61,"code":80245,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80247,80248],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80249,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80251,274],{"class":74},[68,80253,79],{"class":78},[68,80255,39894],{"class":128},[68,80257,79],{"class":78},[68,80259,37894],{"class":138},[68,80261,472],{"class":78},[68,80263,3930],{"class":138},[68,80265,142],{"class":78},[20,80267,1532,80268,80270],{},[15,80269,24816],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[93,80272,11506],{"id":11505},[20,80274,80275],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[59,80277,80279],{"className":61,"code":80278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80280,80281,80301,80319,80323],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80282,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80284,3663],{"class":106},[68,80286,111],{"class":110},[68,80288,725],{"class":78},[68,80290,438],{"class":160},[68,80292,472],{"class":78},[68,80294,7828],{"class":160},[68,80296,472],{"class":78},[68,80298,7833],{"class":160},[68,80300,730],{"class":78},[68,80302,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,80304,2297],{"class":106},[68,80306,111],{"class":110},[68,80308,80035],{"class":128},[68,80310,79],{"class":78},[68,80312,200],{"class":74},[68,80314,472],{"class":78},[68,80316,4308],{"class":138},[68,80318,85],{"class":78},[68,80320,80321],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,80322,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80324,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333,80335],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,80326,129],{"class":128},[68,80328,79],{"class":78},[68,80330,274],{"class":74},[68,80332,79],{"class":78},[68,80334,2331],{"class":138},[68,80336,142],{"class":78},[20,80338,180],{},[59,80340,80342],{"className":61,"code":80341,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80343,80344],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80345,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366,80368,80370],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80347,795],{"class":78},[68,80349,203],{"class":114},[68,80351,438],{"class":118},[68,80353,203],{"class":114},[68,80355,472],{"class":78},[68,80357,197],{"class":114},[68,80359,15786],{"class":118},[68,80361,203],{"class":114},[68,80363,472],{"class":78},[68,80365,197],{"class":114},[68,80367,36874],{"class":118},[68,80369,203],{"class":114},[68,80371,730],{"class":78},[20,80373,11715],{},[33,80375,80376,80381,80389,80397,80405],{},[36,80377,80378,80380],{},[15,80379,3693],{}," contains integers",[36,80382,80383,80386,80387],{},[15,80384,80385],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80388,1447],{},[36,80390,80391,42185,80394],{},[15,80392,80393],{},"str(10)",[15,80395,80396],{},"'10'",[36,80398,80399,42185,80402],{},[15,80400,80401],{},"str(20)",[15,80403,80404],{},"'20'",[36,80406,80407,42185,80410],{},[15,80408,80409],{},"str(30)",[15,80411,80412],{},"'30'",[20,80414,53669,80415,80417,80418,80420],{},[15,80416,39751],{}," applies ",[15,80419,1447],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80422,80423,80424,80426,80427,236],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80425,24816],{}," better, see ",[49,80428,13,80429,1151],{"href":64862},[15,80430,24816],{},[93,80432,633,80434,80436],{"id":80433},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80435,39751],{}," with your own function",[20,80438,15746,80439,80441],{},[15,80440,39751],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[59,80443,80445],{"className":61,"code":80444,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80446,80447,80460,80470,80474,80498,80517,80521],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80448,80449,80451,80454,80456,80458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80450,34881],{"class":193},[68,80452,80453],{"class":34884}," double",[68,80455,79],{"class":78},[68,80457,2245],{"class":37696},[68,80459,1113],{"class":78},[68,80461,80462,80464,80466,80468],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,80463,34892],{"class":1098},[68,80465,3924],{"class":106},[68,80467,39907],{"class":110},[68,80469,45615],{"class":160},[68,80471,80472],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,80473,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80475,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,80477,3663],{"class":106},[68,80479,111],{"class":110},[68,80481,725],{"class":78},[68,80483,469],{"class":160},[68,80485,472],{"class":78},[68,80487,475],{"class":160},[68,80489,472],{"class":78},[68,80491,480],{"class":160},[68,80493,472],{"class":78},[68,80495,2521],{"class":160},[68,80497,730],{"class":78},[68,80499,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80511,80513,80515],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,80501,2297],{"class":106},[68,80503,111],{"class":110},[68,80505,80035],{"class":128},[68,80507,79],{"class":78},[68,80509,80510],{"class":138},"double",[68,80512,472],{"class":78},[68,80514,4308],{"class":138},[68,80516,85],{"class":78},[68,80518,80519],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,80520,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80522,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,80524,129],{"class":128},[68,80526,79],{"class":78},[68,80528,274],{"class":74},[68,80530,79],{"class":78},[68,80532,2331],{"class":138},[68,80534,142],{"class":78},[20,80536,180],{},[59,80538,80539],{"className":61,"code":39920,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,80540,80541],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80542,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80544,795],{"class":78},[68,80546,2129],{"class":160},[68,80548,472],{"class":78},[68,80550,2521],{"class":160},[68,80552,472],{"class":78},[68,80554,37677],{"class":160},[68,80556,472],{"class":78},[68,80558,6401],{"class":160},[68,80560,730],{"class":78},[20,80562,65599],{},[33,80564,80565,80572,80578],{},[36,80566,80567,80569,80570],{},[15,80568,39751],{}," takes the function ",[15,80571,80510],{},[36,80573,80574,80575,80577],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80576,3693],{}," into that function",[36,80579,80580],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80582,80583],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,80585,80586,80593,80600,80608],{},[36,80587,80588,6113,80591],{},[15,80589,80590],{},"double(1)",[15,80592,2129],{},[36,80594,80595,6113,80598],{},[15,80596,80597],{},"double(2)",[15,80599,2568],{},[36,80601,80602,6113,80605],{},[15,80603,80604],{},"double(3)",[15,80606,80607],{},"6",[36,80609,80610,6113,80613],{},[15,80611,80612],{},"double(4)",[15,80614,2411],{},[93,80616,633,80618,80620],{"id":80617},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80619,39751],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80622,80623,80625],{},[15,80624,39751],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80627,80628],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80630,326],{},[59,80632,80634],{"className":61,"code":80633,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80635,80636,80653,80663,80667,80688,80709,80713,80738,80742],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80637,80638,80640,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80639,34881],{"class":193},[68,80641,80642],{"class":34884}," add_numbers",[68,80644,79],{"class":78},[68,80646,49],{"class":37696},[68,80648,472],{"class":78},[68,80650,2623],{"class":37696},[68,80652,1113],{"class":78},[68,80654,80655,80657,80659,80661],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,80656,34892],{"class":1098},[68,80658,44574],{"class":106},[68,80660,2132],{"class":110},[68,80662,36214],{"class":106},[68,80664,80665],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,80666,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80668,80669,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,80670,80671],{"class":106},"list1 ",[68,80673,111],{"class":110},[68,80675,725],{"class":78},[68,80677,469],{"class":160},[68,80679,472],{"class":78},[68,80681,475],{"class":160},[68,80683,472],{"class":78},[68,80685,480],{"class":160},[68,80687,730],{"class":78},[68,80689,80690,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,80691,80692],{"class":106},"list2 ",[68,80694,111],{"class":110},[68,80696,725],{"class":78},[68,80698,438],{"class":160},[68,80700,472],{"class":78},[68,80702,7828],{"class":160},[68,80704,472],{"class":78},[68,80706,7833],{"class":160},[68,80708,730],{"class":78},[68,80710,80711],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,80712,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80726,80728,80731,80733,80736],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,80716,2297],{"class":106},[68,80718,111],{"class":110},[68,80720,80035],{"class":128},[68,80722,79],{"class":78},[68,80724,80725],{"class":138},"add_numbers",[68,80727,472],{"class":78},[68,80729,80730],{"class":138}," list1",[68,80732,472],{"class":78},[68,80734,80735],{"class":138}," list2",[68,80737,85],{"class":78},[68,80739,80740],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,80741,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,80745,129],{"class":128},[68,80747,79],{"class":78},[68,80749,274],{"class":74},[68,80751,79],{"class":78},[68,80753,2331],{"class":138},[68,80755,142],{"class":78},[20,80757,180],{},[59,80759,80761],{"className":61,"code":80760,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80762,80763],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80764,80765,80767,80770,80772,80775,80777,80780],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80766,795],{"class":78},[68,80768,80769],{"class":160},"11",[68,80771,472],{"class":78},[68,80773,80774],{"class":160}," 22",[68,80776,472],{"class":78},[68,80778,80779],{"class":160}," 33",[68,80781,730],{"class":78},[20,80783,2250],{},[33,80785,80786,80792,80798],{},[36,80787,80788,80789],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80790,80791],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,80793,80794,80795],{},"then ",[15,80796,80797],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,80799,80794,80800],{},[15,80801,80802],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1470,80804,80806,80808],{"id":80805},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80807,39751],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80810,80811,80812,80814],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80813,39751],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[59,80816,80818],{"className":61,"code":80817,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80819,80820,80836,80846,80850,80874,80890,80894,80916,80920],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80821,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80823,34881],{"class":193},[68,80825,80642],{"class":34884},[68,80827,79],{"class":78},[68,80829,49],{"class":37696},[68,80831,472],{"class":78},[68,80833,2623],{"class":37696},[68,80835,1113],{"class":78},[68,80837,80838,80840,80842,80844],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,80839,34892],{"class":1098},[68,80841,44574],{"class":106},[68,80843,2132],{"class":110},[68,80845,36214],{"class":106},[68,80847,80848],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,80849,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80851,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,80853,80671],{"class":106},[68,80855,111],{"class":110},[68,80857,725],{"class":78},[68,80859,469],{"class":160},[68,80861,472],{"class":78},[68,80863,475],{"class":160},[68,80865,472],{"class":78},[68,80867,480],{"class":160},[68,80869,472],{"class":78},[68,80871,2521],{"class":160},[68,80873,730],{"class":78},[68,80875,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,80877,80692],{"class":106},[68,80879,111],{"class":110},[68,80881,725],{"class":78},[68,80883,438],{"class":160},[68,80885,472],{"class":78},[68,80887,7828],{"class":160},[68,80889,730],{"class":78},[68,80891,80892],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,80893,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80895,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,80897,2297],{"class":106},[68,80899,111],{"class":110},[68,80901,80035],{"class":128},[68,80903,79],{"class":78},[68,80905,80725],{"class":138},[68,80907,472],{"class":78},[68,80909,80730],{"class":138},[68,80911,472],{"class":78},[68,80913,80735],{"class":138},[68,80915,85],{"class":78},[68,80917,80918],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,80919,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,80921,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,80923,129],{"class":128},[68,80925,79],{"class":78},[68,80927,274],{"class":74},[68,80929,79],{"class":78},[68,80931,2331],{"class":138},[68,80933,142],{"class":78},[20,80935,180],{},[59,80937,80939],{"className":61,"code":80938,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80940,80941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80944,795],{"class":78},[68,80946,80769],{"class":160},[68,80948,472],{"class":78},[68,80950,80774],{"class":160},[68,80952,730],{"class":78},[20,80954,80955,80956,80959],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80957,80958],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[93,80961,80963,80965],{"id":80962},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80964,39751],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80967,38057,80968,80970],{},[15,80969,39751],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80972,80973,80974,80977],{},"This object is ",[1301,80975,80976],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1470,80979,2552,80981,80983],{"id":80980},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80982,33060],{}," looks strange",[20,80985,33676],{},[59,80987,80989],{"className":61,"code":80988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80990,80991,81011,81029,81033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,80992,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,80994,3663],{"class":106},[68,80996,111],{"class":110},[68,80998,725],{"class":78},[68,81000,469],{"class":160},[68,81002,472],{"class":78},[68,81004,475],{"class":160},[68,81006,472],{"class":78},[68,81008,480],{"class":160},[68,81010,730],{"class":78},[68,81012,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81014,2297],{"class":106},[68,81016,111],{"class":110},[68,81018,80035],{"class":128},[68,81020,79],{"class":78},[68,81022,200],{"class":74},[68,81024,472],{"class":78},[68,81026,4308],{"class":138},[68,81028,85],{"class":78},[68,81030,81031],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81032,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81034,81035,81037,81039,81041],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81036,129],{"class":128},[68,81038,79],{"class":78},[68,81040,2331],{"class":138},[68,81042,85],{"class":78},[20,81044,81045],{},"Output will look something like this:",[59,81047,81049],{"className":61,"code":81048,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81050,81051],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81052,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81054,190],{"class":110},[68,81056,39894],{"class":128},[68,81058,24653],{"class":74},[68,81060,37397],{"class":106},[68,81062,37401],{"class":37400},[68,81064,37404],{"class":34486},[68,81066,206],{"class":110},[20,81068,81069],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81071,81072],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[59,81074,81076],{"className":61,"code":81075,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81077,81078,81098,81116,81120],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81079,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81081,3663],{"class":106},[68,81083,111],{"class":110},[68,81085,725],{"class":78},[68,81087,469],{"class":160},[68,81089,472],{"class":78},[68,81091,475],{"class":160},[68,81093,472],{"class":78},[68,81095,480],{"class":160},[68,81097,730],{"class":78},[68,81099,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81101,2297],{"class":106},[68,81103,111],{"class":110},[68,81105,80035],{"class":128},[68,81107,79],{"class":78},[68,81109,200],{"class":74},[68,81111,472],{"class":78},[68,81113,4308],{"class":138},[68,81115,85],{"class":78},[68,81117,81118],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81119,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81121,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81123,129],{"class":128},[68,81125,79],{"class":78},[68,81127,274],{"class":74},[68,81129,79],{"class":78},[68,81131,2331],{"class":138},[68,81133,142],{"class":78},[20,81135,180],{},[59,81137,81139],{"className":61,"code":81138,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81140,81141],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81142,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81144,795],{"class":78},[68,81146,203],{"class":114},[68,81148,469],{"class":118},[68,81150,203],{"class":114},[68,81152,472],{"class":78},[68,81154,197],{"class":114},[68,81156,2129],{"class":118},[68,81158,203],{"class":114},[68,81160,472],{"class":78},[68,81162,197],{"class":114},[68,81164,2135],{"class":118},[68,81166,203],{"class":114},[68,81168,730],{"class":78},[1470,81170,81172],{"id":81171},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[59,81174,81176],{"className":61,"code":81175,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81177,81178,81198,81216,81220,81233],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81179,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81181,3663],{"class":106},[68,81183,111],{"class":110},[68,81185,725],{"class":78},[68,81187,469],{"class":160},[68,81189,472],{"class":78},[68,81191,475],{"class":160},[68,81193,472],{"class":78},[68,81195,480],{"class":160},[68,81197,730],{"class":78},[68,81199,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81201,2297],{"class":106},[68,81203,111],{"class":110},[68,81205,80035],{"class":128},[68,81207,79],{"class":78},[68,81209,200],{"class":74},[68,81211,472],{"class":78},[68,81213,4308],{"class":138},[68,81215,85],{"class":78},[68,81217,81218],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81219,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81231],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81223,5998],{"class":1098},[68,81225,6001],{"class":106},[68,81227,3927],{"class":1098},[68,81229,81230],{"class":106}," result",[68,81232,1648],{"class":78},[68,81234,81235,81237,81239,81241],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,81236,1118],{"class":128},[68,81238,79],{"class":78},[68,81240,23346],{"class":138},[68,81242,85],{"class":78},[20,81244,180],{},[59,81246,81248],{"className":61,"code":81247,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81249,81250,81254,81258],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81251,81252],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81253,46937],{"class":160},[68,81255,81256],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81257,17089],{"class":160},[68,81259,81260],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81261,46637],{"class":160},[1470,81263,81265],{"id":81264},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81267,81268],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[59,81270,81272],{"className":61,"code":81271,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81273,81274,81294,81312,81316,81330],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81275,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81277,3663],{"class":106},[68,81279,111],{"class":110},[68,81281,725],{"class":78},[68,81283,469],{"class":160},[68,81285,472],{"class":78},[68,81287,475],{"class":160},[68,81289,472],{"class":78},[68,81291,480],{"class":160},[68,81293,730],{"class":78},[68,81295,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81297,2297],{"class":106},[68,81299,111],{"class":110},[68,81301,80035],{"class":128},[68,81303,79],{"class":78},[68,81305,200],{"class":74},[68,81307,472],{"class":78},[68,81309,4308],{"class":138},[68,81311,85],{"class":78},[68,81313,81314],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81315,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81317,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81319,129],{"class":128},[68,81321,79],{"class":78},[68,81323,274],{"class":74},[68,81325,79],{"class":78},[68,81327,2331],{"class":138},[68,81329,142],{"class":78},[68,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,81333,129],{"class":128},[68,81335,79],{"class":78},[68,81337,274],{"class":74},[68,81339,79],{"class":78},[68,81341,2331],{"class":138},[68,81343,142],{"class":78},[20,81345,180],{},[59,81347,81349],{"className":61,"code":81348,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81350,81351,81379],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81352,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81354,795],{"class":78},[68,81356,203],{"class":114},[68,81358,469],{"class":118},[68,81360,203],{"class":114},[68,81362,472],{"class":78},[68,81364,197],{"class":114},[68,81366,2129],{"class":118},[68,81368,203],{"class":114},[68,81370,472],{"class":78},[68,81372,197],{"class":114},[68,81374,2135],{"class":118},[68,81376,203],{"class":114},[68,81378,730],{"class":78},[68,81380,81381],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81382,38331],{"class":78},[20,81384,81385],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81387,81388],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[59,81390,81392],{"className":61,"code":81391,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81393,81394,81414,81436,81440,81450],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81395,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81397,3663],{"class":106},[68,81399,111],{"class":110},[68,81401,725],{"class":78},[68,81403,469],{"class":160},[68,81405,472],{"class":78},[68,81407,475],{"class":160},[68,81409,472],{"class":78},[68,81411,480],{"class":160},[68,81413,730],{"class":78},[68,81415,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81417,2297],{"class":106},[68,81419,111],{"class":110},[68,81421,22595],{"class":74},[68,81423,79],{"class":78},[68,81425,39894],{"class":128},[68,81427,79],{"class":78},[68,81429,200],{"class":74},[68,81431,472],{"class":78},[68,81433,4308],{"class":138},[68,81435,142],{"class":78},[68,81437,81438],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81439,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81441,81442,81444,81446,81448],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81443,129],{"class":128},[68,81445,79],{"class":78},[68,81447,2331],{"class":138},[68,81449,85],{"class":78},[68,81451,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,81453,129],{"class":128},[68,81455,79],{"class":78},[68,81457,2331],{"class":138},[68,81459,85],{"class":78},[20,81461,180],{},[59,81463,81465],{"className":61,"code":81464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81466,81467,81495],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81468,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81470,795],{"class":78},[68,81472,203],{"class":114},[68,81474,469],{"class":118},[68,81476,203],{"class":114},[68,81478,472],{"class":78},[68,81480,197],{"class":114},[68,81482,2129],{"class":118},[68,81484,203],{"class":114},[68,81486,472],{"class":78},[68,81488,197],{"class":114},[68,81490,2135],{"class":118},[68,81492,203],{"class":114},[68,81494,730],{"class":78},[68,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81498,795],{"class":78},[68,81500,203],{"class":114},[68,81502,469],{"class":118},[68,81504,203],{"class":114},[68,81506,472],{"class":78},[68,81508,197],{"class":114},[68,81510,2129],{"class":118},[68,81512,203],{"class":114},[68,81514,472],{"class":78},[68,81516,197],{"class":114},[68,81518,2135],{"class":118},[68,81520,203],{"class":114},[68,81522,730],{"class":78},[93,81524,1311,81526],{"id":81525},"when-to-use-map",[15,81527,39751],{},[20,81529,81530,81532],{},[15,81531,39751],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81534,81535],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,81537,81538,81542,81546],{},[36,81539,81540],{},[15,81541,200],{},[36,81543,81544],{},[15,81545,217],{},[36,81547,81548],{},[15,81549,2089],{},[20,81551,326],{},[59,81553,81555],{"className":61,"code":81554,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81556,81557,81589,81611,81615],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81560,3869],{"class":106},[68,81562,111],{"class":110},[68,81564,725],{"class":78},[68,81566,203],{"class":114},[68,81568,469],{"class":118},[68,81570,203],{"class":114},[68,81572,472],{"class":78},[68,81574,197],{"class":114},[68,81576,2129],{"class":118},[68,81578,203],{"class":114},[68,81580,472],{"class":78},[68,81582,197],{"class":114},[68,81584,2135],{"class":118},[68,81586,203],{"class":114},[68,81588,730],{"class":78},[68,81590,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81592,3663],{"class":106},[68,81594,111],{"class":110},[68,81596,22595],{"class":74},[68,81598,79],{"class":78},[68,81600,39894],{"class":128},[68,81602,79],{"class":78},[68,81604,217],{"class":74},[68,81606,472],{"class":78},[68,81608,3930],{"class":138},[68,81610,142],{"class":78},[68,81612,81613],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81614,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81616,81617,81619,81621,81623],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81618,129],{"class":128},[68,81620,79],{"class":78},[68,81622,3693],{"class":138},[68,81624,85],{"class":78},[20,81626,180],{},[59,81628,81629],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,81630,81631],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81632,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81634,795],{"class":78},[68,81636,469],{"class":160},[68,81638,472],{"class":78},[68,81640,475],{"class":160},[68,81642,472],{"class":78},[68,81644,480],{"class":160},[68,81646,730],{"class":78},[20,81648,81649],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81651,81652],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[59,81654,81656],{"className":61,"code":81655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81657,81658,81678,81700],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81659,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81661,3663],{"class":106},[68,81663,111],{"class":110},[68,81665,725],{"class":78},[68,81667,469],{"class":160},[68,81669,472],{"class":78},[68,81671,475],{"class":160},[68,81673,472],{"class":78},[68,81675,480],{"class":160},[68,81677,730],{"class":78},[68,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81681,2297],{"class":106},[68,81683,111],{"class":110},[68,81685,22595],{"class":74},[68,81687,79],{"class":78},[68,81689,39894],{"class":128},[68,81691,79],{"class":78},[68,81693,200],{"class":74},[68,81695,472],{"class":78},[68,81697,4308],{"class":138},[68,81699,142],{"class":78},[68,81701,81702,81704,81706,81708],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81703,129],{"class":128},[68,81705,79],{"class":78},[68,81707,2331],{"class":138},[68,81709,85],{"class":78},[59,81711,81713],{"className":61,"code":81712,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81714,81715,81735,81762],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81716,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81718,3663],{"class":106},[68,81720,111],{"class":110},[68,81722,725],{"class":78},[68,81724,469],{"class":160},[68,81726,472],{"class":78},[68,81728,475],{"class":160},[68,81730,472],{"class":78},[68,81732,480],{"class":160},[68,81734,730],{"class":78},[68,81736,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81756,81758,81760],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81738,2297],{"class":106},[68,81740,111],{"class":110},[68,81742,725],{"class":78},[68,81744,200],{"class":74},[68,81746,79],{"class":78},[68,81748,76044],{"class":138},[68,81750,1701],{"class":78},[68,81752,3921],{"class":1098},[68,81754,81755],{"class":106}," n ",[68,81757,3927],{"class":1098},[68,81759,4308],{"class":106},[68,81761,730],{"class":78},[68,81763,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81765,129],{"class":128},[68,81767,79],{"class":78},[68,81769,2331],{"class":138},[68,81771,85],{"class":78},[20,81773,81774],{},"Both produce:",[59,81776,81777],{"className":61,"code":81138,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,81778,81779],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81780,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81782,795],{"class":78},[68,81784,203],{"class":114},[68,81786,469],{"class":118},[68,81788,203],{"class":114},[68,81790,472],{"class":78},[68,81792,197],{"class":114},[68,81794,2129],{"class":118},[68,81796,203],{"class":114},[68,81798,472],{"class":78},[68,81800,197],{"class":114},[68,81802,2135],{"class":118},[68,81804,203],{"class":114},[68,81806,730],{"class":78},[20,81808,81809],{},"A simple rule:",[33,81811,81812,81817,81822],{},[36,81813,40025,81814,81816],{},[15,81815,39751],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,81818,40031,81819,81821],{},[15,81820,5998],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,81823,81824],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81826,81827,81828,236],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[49,81829,4438],{"href":4437},[93,81831,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,81833,81835,81836],{"id":81834},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81837,24816],{},[20,81839,81840],{},"This is very common:",[59,81842,81843],{"className":61,"code":80988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,81844,81845,81865,81883,81887],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81846,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81848,3663],{"class":106},[68,81850,111],{"class":110},[68,81852,725],{"class":78},[68,81854,469],{"class":160},[68,81856,472],{"class":78},[68,81858,475],{"class":160},[68,81860,472],{"class":78},[68,81862,480],{"class":160},[68,81864,730],{"class":78},[68,81866,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81868,2297],{"class":106},[68,81870,111],{"class":110},[68,81872,80035],{"class":128},[68,81874,79],{"class":78},[68,81876,200],{"class":74},[68,81878,472],{"class":78},[68,81880,4308],{"class":138},[68,81882,85],{"class":78},[68,81884,81885],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,81886,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,81890,129],{"class":128},[68,81892,79],{"class":78},[68,81894,2331],{"class":138},[68,81896,85],{"class":78},[20,81898,81899],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81901,39296],{},[59,81903,81905],{"className":61,"code":81904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81906,81907],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81908,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81910,129],{"class":128},[68,81912,79],{"class":78},[68,81914,274],{"class":74},[68,81916,79],{"class":78},[68,81918,2331],{"class":138},[68,81920,142],{"class":78},[1470,81922,81924],{"id":81923},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81926,16676],{},[59,81928,81930],{"className":61,"code":81929,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81931,81932,81952],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81935,3663],{"class":106},[68,81937,111],{"class":110},[68,81939,725],{"class":78},[68,81941,469],{"class":160},[68,81943,472],{"class":78},[68,81945,475],{"class":160},[68,81947,472],{"class":78},[68,81949,480],{"class":160},[68,81951,730],{"class":78},[68,81953,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81967,81969],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,81955,2297],{"class":106},[68,81957,111],{"class":110},[68,81959,80035],{"class":128},[68,81961,79],{"class":78},[68,81963,200],{"class":74},[68,81965,81966],{"class":78},"(),",[68,81968,4308],{"class":138},[68,81970,85],{"class":78},[20,81972,81973,81974,81976,81977,81979],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81975,1447],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81978,39751],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81981,16688],{},[59,81983,81984],{"className":61,"code":81075,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,81985,81986,82006,82024,82028],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,81989,3663],{"class":106},[68,81991,111],{"class":110},[68,81993,725],{"class":78},[68,81995,469],{"class":160},[68,81997,472],{"class":78},[68,81999,475],{"class":160},[68,82001,472],{"class":78},[68,82003,480],{"class":160},[68,82005,730],{"class":78},[68,82007,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82009,2297],{"class":106},[68,82011,111],{"class":110},[68,82013,80035],{"class":128},[68,82015,79],{"class":78},[68,82017,200],{"class":74},[68,82019,472],{"class":78},[68,82021,4308],{"class":138},[68,82023,85],{"class":78},[68,82025,82026],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82027,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82029,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82031,129],{"class":128},[68,82033,79],{"class":78},[68,82035,274],{"class":74},[68,82037,79],{"class":78},[68,82039,2331],{"class":138},[68,82041,142],{"class":78},[1470,82043,82045],{"id":82044},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82047,82048],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82050,16676],{},[59,82052,82054],{"className":61,"code":82053,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82055,82056,82073,82083,82087,82107,82126,82130],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82057,82058,82060,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82059,34881],{"class":193},[68,82061,82062],{"class":34884}," add",[68,82064,79],{"class":78},[68,82066,49],{"class":37696},[68,82068,472],{"class":78},[68,82070,2623],{"class":37696},[68,82072,1113],{"class":78},[68,82074,82075,82077,82079,82081],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82076,34892],{"class":1098},[68,82078,44574],{"class":106},[68,82080,2132],{"class":110},[68,82082,36214],{"class":106},[68,82084,82085],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82086,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82090,3663],{"class":106},[68,82092,111],{"class":110},[68,82094,725],{"class":78},[68,82096,469],{"class":160},[68,82098,472],{"class":78},[68,82100,475],{"class":160},[68,82102,472],{"class":78},[68,82104,480],{"class":160},[68,82106,730],{"class":78},[68,82108,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82120,82122,82124],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82110,2297],{"class":106},[68,82112,111],{"class":110},[68,82114,80035],{"class":128},[68,82116,79],{"class":78},[68,82118,82119],{"class":138},"add",[68,82121,472],{"class":78},[68,82123,4308],{"class":138},[68,82125,85],{"class":78},[68,82127,82128],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,82129,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82131,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,82133,129],{"class":128},[68,82135,79],{"class":78},[68,82137,274],{"class":74},[68,82139,79],{"class":78},[68,82141,2331],{"class":138},[68,82143,142],{"class":78},[20,82145,16688],{},[59,82147,82149],{"className":61,"code":82148,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82150,82151,82167,82177,82181,82201,82221,82243,82247],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82152,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82154,34881],{"class":193},[68,82156,82062],{"class":34884},[68,82158,79],{"class":78},[68,82160,49],{"class":37696},[68,82162,472],{"class":78},[68,82164,2623],{"class":37696},[68,82166,1113],{"class":78},[68,82168,82169,82171,82173,82175],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82170,34892],{"class":1098},[68,82172,44574],{"class":106},[68,82174,2132],{"class":110},[68,82176,36214],{"class":106},[68,82178,82179],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82180,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82184,80671],{"class":106},[68,82186,111],{"class":110},[68,82188,725],{"class":78},[68,82190,469],{"class":160},[68,82192,472],{"class":78},[68,82194,475],{"class":160},[68,82196,472],{"class":78},[68,82198,480],{"class":160},[68,82200,730],{"class":78},[68,82202,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82204,80692],{"class":106},[68,82206,111],{"class":110},[68,82208,725],{"class":78},[68,82210,438],{"class":160},[68,82212,472],{"class":78},[68,82214,7828],{"class":160},[68,82216,472],{"class":78},[68,82218,7833],{"class":160},[68,82220,730],{"class":78},[68,82222,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,82224,2297],{"class":106},[68,82226,111],{"class":110},[68,82228,80035],{"class":128},[68,82230,79],{"class":78},[68,82232,82119],{"class":138},[68,82234,472],{"class":78},[68,82236,80730],{"class":138},[68,82238,472],{"class":78},[68,82240,80735],{"class":138},[68,82242,85],{"class":78},[68,82244,82245],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,82246,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82248,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,82250,129],{"class":128},[68,82252,79],{"class":78},[68,82254,274],{"class":74},[68,82256,79],{"class":78},[68,82258,2331],{"class":138},[68,82260,142],{"class":78},[1470,82262,82264],{"id":82263},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82266,16676],{},[59,82268,82269],{"className":61,"code":81271,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,82270,82271,82291,82309,82313,82327],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82274,3663],{"class":106},[68,82276,111],{"class":110},[68,82278,725],{"class":78},[68,82280,469],{"class":160},[68,82282,472],{"class":78},[68,82284,475],{"class":160},[68,82286,472],{"class":78},[68,82288,480],{"class":160},[68,82290,730],{"class":78},[68,82292,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82294,2297],{"class":106},[68,82296,111],{"class":110},[68,82298,80035],{"class":128},[68,82300,79],{"class":78},[68,82302,200],{"class":74},[68,82304,472],{"class":78},[68,82306,4308],{"class":138},[68,82308,85],{"class":78},[68,82310,82311],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82312,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82314,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82316,129],{"class":128},[68,82318,79],{"class":78},[68,82320,274],{"class":74},[68,82322,79],{"class":78},[68,82324,2331],{"class":138},[68,82326,142],{"class":78},[68,82328,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82330,129],{"class":128},[68,82332,79],{"class":78},[68,82334,274],{"class":74},[68,82336,79],{"class":78},[68,82338,2331],{"class":138},[68,82340,142],{"class":78},[20,82342,82343],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82345,82346],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[93,82348,67910],{"id":67909},[20,82350,8909,82351,82353],{},[15,82352,39751],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[59,82355,82357],{"className":61,"code":82356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82358,82359,82369,82383,82397,82409],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82362,129],{"class":128},[68,82364,79],{"class":78},[68,82366,2331],{"class":138},[68,82368,85],{"class":78},[68,82370,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82372,129],{"class":128},[68,82374,79],{"class":78},[68,82376,274],{"class":74},[68,82378,79],{"class":78},[68,82380,2331],{"class":138},[68,82382,142],{"class":78},[68,82384,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82386,129],{"class":128},[68,82388,79],{"class":78},[68,82390,75],{"class":74},[68,82392,79],{"class":78},[68,82394,2331],{"class":138},[68,82396,142],{"class":78},[68,82398,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82400,5998],{"class":1098},[68,82402,6001],{"class":106},[68,82404,3927],{"class":1098},[68,82406,81230],{"class":106},[68,82408,1648],{"class":78},[68,82410,82411,82413,82415,82417],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82412,1118],{"class":128},[68,82414,79],{"class":78},[68,82416,23346],{"class":138},[68,82418,85],{"class":78},[20,82420,12704],{},[33,82422,82423,82428,82433,82439],{},[36,82424,82425,82427],{},[15,82426,33060],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,82429,82430,82432],{},[15,82431,33068],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,82434,82435,82438],{},[15,82436,82437],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,82440,82441,82442,82444],{},"looping over ",[15,82443,2331],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82446,82447,82448,82451,82452,82454],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82449,82450],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82453,5998],{}," loop consume the map object.",[93,82456,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,82458,12736,82460,82462],{"id":82459},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82461,39751],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82464,82465,82466,82468,82469,23974],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82467,39751],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82470,82471],{},"list(map(...))",[1470,82473,1900,82475,82477,82478,82480],{"id":82474},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82476,39751],{}," better than a ",[15,82479,5998],{}," loop?",[20,82482,82483,82484,82486,82487,82489],{},"Not always. ",[15,82485,39751],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82488,5998],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1470,82491,1939,82493,82495],{"id":82492},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82494,39751],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82497,82498],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1470,82500,82502],{"id":82501},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82504,82505],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[93,82507,1952],{"id":1951},[33,82509,82510,82516,82522,82526,82530],{},[36,82511,82512],{},[49,82513,13,82514,1151],{"href":40120},[15,82515,37609],{},[36,82517,82518],{},[49,82519,13,82520,1151],{"href":64862},[15,82521,24816],{},[36,82523,82524],{},[49,82525,5263],{"href":5176},[36,82527,82528],{},[49,82529,5268],{"href":4437},[36,82531,82532],{},[49,82533,5258],{"href":5180},[1995,82535,82536],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":82538},[82539,82540,82542,82543,82544,82546,82551,82558,82560,82567,82568,82577],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":80114,"depth":125,"text":82541},"What map() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":80433,"depth":125,"text":82545},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80617,"depth":125,"text":82547,"children":82548},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82549],{"id":80805,"depth":145,"text":82550},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80962,"depth":125,"text":82552,"children":82553},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82554,82556,82557],{"id":80980,"depth":145,"text":82555},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81171,"depth":145,"text":81172},{"id":81264,"depth":145,"text":81265},{"id":81525,"depth":125,"text":82559},"When to use map()",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":82561},[82562,82564,82565,82566],{"id":81834,"depth":145,"text":82563},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81923,"depth":145,"text":81924},{"id":82044,"depth":145,"text":82045},{"id":82263,"depth":145,"text":82264},{"id":67909,"depth":125,"text":67910},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":82569},[82570,82572,82574,82576],{"id":82459,"depth":145,"text":82571},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82474,"depth":145,"text":82573},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82492,"depth":145,"text":82575},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82501,"depth":145,"text":82502},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79946,"description":82578},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82585,"title":82586,"body":82587,"description":84607,"extension":2033,"meta":84608,"navigation":148,"path":84609,"seo":84610,"stem":84611,"__hash__":84612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82588,"toc":84565},[82589,82595,82600,82603,82611,82614,82616,82740,82742,82760,82762,82782,82787,82791,82805,82808,82811,82813,82818,82930,82933,82951,82957,82960,83022,83024,83033,83036,83050,83052,83100,83102,83111,83121,83127,83130,83157,83159,83167,83170,83173,83243,83245,83253,83256,83261,83266,83317,83319,83327,83330,83332,83349,83351,83403,83406,83412,83416,83421,83424,83428,83487,83489,83498,83504,83513,83517,83580,83582,83590,83595,83599,83604,83684,83686,83695,83702,83707,83712,83715,83750,83752,83760,83763,83769,83771,83821,83823,83832,83835,83853,83855,83860,83866,83873,83900,83902,83925,83930,83965,83970,83976,83981,84024,84027,84030,84069,84076,84082,84087,84102,84106,84113,84116,84120,84125,84129,84134,84136,84197,84199,84228,84233,84240,84249,84251,84254,84279,84281,84384,84387,84405,84414,84416,84421,84424,84430,84433,84435,84445,84451,84455,84513,84520,84528,84530,84562],[10,82590,13,82592,18],{"id":82591},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82593,82594],{},"max()",[20,82596,9154,82597,82599],{},[15,82598,82594],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82601,82602],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,82604,82605,82608],{},[36,82606,82607],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,82609,82610],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82612,82613],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[93,82615,2075],{"id":2074},[59,82617,82619],{"className":61,"code":82618,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82620,82621,82645,82660,82664,82690,82694,82726],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82622,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82624,3663],{"class":106},[68,82626,111],{"class":110},[68,82628,725],{"class":78},[68,82630,2135],{"class":160},[68,82632,472],{"class":78},[68,82634,6401],{"class":160},[68,82636,472],{"class":78},[68,82638,475],{"class":160},[68,82640,472],{"class":78},[68,82642,4650],{"class":160},[68,82644,730],{"class":78},[68,82646,82647,82649,82651,82654,82656,82658],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82648,129],{"class":128},[68,82650,79],{"class":78},[68,82652,82653],{"class":128},"max",[68,82655,79],{"class":78},[68,82657,3693],{"class":138},[68,82659,142],{"class":78},[68,82661,82662],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82663,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82665,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82667,129],{"class":128},[68,82669,79],{"class":78},[68,82671,82653],{"class":128},[68,82673,79],{"class":78},[68,82675,2135],{"class":160},[68,82677,472],{"class":78},[68,82679,6401],{"class":160},[68,82681,472],{"class":78},[68,82683,475],{"class":160},[68,82685,472],{"class":78},[68,82687,4650],{"class":160},[68,82689,142],{"class":78},[68,82691,82692],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82693,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,82695,82696,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,82697,4114],{"class":106},[68,82699,111],{"class":110},[68,82701,725],{"class":78},[68,82703,344],{"class":114},[68,82705,4123],{"class":118},[68,82707,344],{"class":114},[68,82709,472],{"class":78},[68,82711,115],{"class":114},[68,82713,4132],{"class":118},[68,82715,344],{"class":114},[68,82717,472],{"class":78},[68,82719,115],{"class":114},[68,82721,78758],{"class":118},[68,82723,344],{"class":114},[68,82725,730],{"class":78},[68,82727,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,82729,129],{"class":128},[68,82731,79],{"class":78},[68,82733,82653],{"class":128},[68,82735,79],{"class":78},[68,82737,4158],{"class":138},[68,82739,142],{"class":78},[20,82741,180],{},[59,82743,82745],{"className":61,"code":82744,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82746,82747,82751,82755],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82748,82749],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82750,2447],{"class":160},[68,82752,82753],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82754,2447],{"class":160},[68,82756,82757],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82758,82759],{"class":106},"pear\n",[20,82761,19991],{},[33,82763,82764,82770,82776],{},[36,82765,82766,82769],{},[15,82767,82768],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,82771,82772,82775],{},[15,82773,82774],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,82777,82778,82781],{},[15,82779,82780],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[93,82783,3722,82785,3725],{"id":82784},"what-max-does",[15,82786,82594],{},[20,82788,82789,503],{},[15,82790,82594],{},[33,82792,82793,82796,82799,82802],{},[36,82794,82795],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,82797,82798],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,82800,82801],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,82803,82804],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82806,82807],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82809,82810],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[93,82812,303],{"id":302},[20,82814,82815,82816,503],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82817,82594],{},[59,82819,82821],{"className":61,"code":82820,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82822,82823,82833,82857,82879,82902],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82824,82825,82827,82829,82831],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82826,82653],{"class":128},[68,82828,79],{"class":78},[68,82830,3766],{"class":138},[68,82832,85],{"class":78},[68,82834,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82846,82848,82850,82852,82855],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82836,82653],{"class":128},[68,82838,79],{"class":78},[68,82840,3766],{"class":138},[68,82842,472],{"class":78},[68,82844,82845],{"class":110}," *",[68,82847,472],{"class":78},[68,82849,21614],{"class":9206},[68,82851,111],{"class":110},[68,82853,82854],{"class":138},"func",[68,82856,85],{"class":78},[68,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,82860,82653],{"class":128},[68,82862,79],{"class":78},[68,82864,3766],{"class":138},[68,82866,472],{"class":78},[68,82868,82845],{"class":110},[68,82870,472],{"class":78},[68,82872,26557],{"class":9206},[68,82874,111],{"class":110},[68,82876,665],{"class":138},[68,82878,85],{"class":78},[68,82880,82881,82883,82885,82888,82890,82893,82895,82897,82900],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,82882,82653],{"class":128},[68,82884,79],{"class":78},[68,82886,82887],{"class":138},"arg1",[68,82889,472],{"class":78},[68,82891,82892],{"class":138}," arg2",[68,82894,472],{"class":78},[68,82896,82845],{"class":110},[68,82898,82899],{"class":138},"args",[68,82901,85],{"class":78},[68,82903,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,82905,82653],{"class":128},[68,82907,79],{"class":78},[68,82909,82887],{"class":138},[68,82911,472],{"class":78},[68,82913,82892],{"class":138},[68,82915,472],{"class":78},[68,82917,82845],{"class":110},[68,82919,82899],{"class":138},[68,82921,472],{"class":78},[68,82923,21614],{"class":9206},[68,82925,111],{"class":110},[68,82927,82854],{"class":138},[68,82929,85],{"class":78},[20,82931,82932],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,82934,82935,82940,82945],{},[36,82936,82937,82939],{},[15,82938,3766],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,82941,82942,82944],{},[15,82943,14873],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,82946,82947,82950],{},[15,82948,82949],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[93,82952,633,82954,82956],{"id":82953},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82955,82594],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82958,82959],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[59,82961,82963],{"className":61,"code":82962,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82964,82965,82991,83007,83011],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,82966,82967,82969,82971,82973,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82989],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,82968,5108],{"class":106},[68,82970,111],{"class":110},[68,82972,725],{"class":78},[68,82974,82975],{"class":160},"72",[68,82977,472],{"class":78},[68,82979,51525],{"class":160},[68,82981,472],{"class":78},[68,82983,13539],{"class":160},[68,82985,472],{"class":78},[68,82987,82988],{"class":160}," 66",[68,82990,730],{"class":78},[68,82992,82993,82996,82998,83001,83003,83005],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,82994,82995],{"class":106},"highest_score ",[68,82997,111],{"class":110},[68,82999,83000],{"class":128}," max",[68,83002,79],{"class":78},[68,83004,16421],{"class":138},[68,83006,85],{"class":78},[68,83008,83009],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,83010,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,83012,83013,83015,83017,83020],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,83014,129],{"class":128},[68,83016,79],{"class":78},[68,83018,83019],{"class":138},"highest_score",[68,83021,85],{"class":78},[20,83023,180],{},[59,83025,83027],{"className":61,"code":83026,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"91\n",[15,83028,83029],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83030,83031],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83032,83026],{"class":160},[20,83034,83035],{},"This works well for:",[33,83037,83038,83041,83044,83047],{},[36,83039,83040],{},"Scores",[36,83042,83043],{},"Prices",[36,83045,83046],{},"Ages",[36,83048,83049],{},"Counts",[20,83051,52095],{},[59,83053,83055],{"className":61,"code":83054,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83056,83057,83085],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83058,83059,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83073,83075,83078,83080,83083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83060,83061],{"class":106},"prices ",[68,83063,111],{"class":110},[68,83065,725],{"class":78},[68,83067,40432],{"class":160},[68,83069,472],{"class":78},[68,83071,83072],{"class":160}," 5.50",[68,83074,472],{"class":78},[68,83076,83077],{"class":160}," 12.75",[68,83079,472],{"class":78},[68,83081,83082],{"class":160}," 29.00",[68,83084,730],{"class":78},[68,83086,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83098],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83088,129],{"class":128},[68,83090,79],{"class":78},[68,83092,82653],{"class":128},[68,83094,79],{"class":78},[68,83096,83097],{"class":138},"prices",[68,83099,142],{"class":78},[20,83101,180],{},[59,83103,83105],{"className":61,"code":83104,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"29.0\n",[15,83106,83107],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83108,83109],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83110,83104],{"class":160},[20,83112,83113,83114,83116,83117,236],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83115,82594],{}," is simpler than ",[49,83118,83119],{"href":74535},[15,83120,74438],{},[93,83122,633,83124,83126],{"id":83123},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83125,82594],{}," with separate values",[20,83128,83129],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[59,83131,83133],{"className":61,"code":83132,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83134,83135],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83136,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83138,129],{"class":128},[68,83140,79],{"class":78},[68,83142,82653],{"class":128},[68,83144,79],{"class":78},[68,83146,2568],{"class":160},[68,83148,472],{"class":78},[68,83150,30977],{"class":160},[68,83152,472],{"class":78},[68,83154,6034],{"class":160},[68,83156,142],{"class":78},[20,83158,180],{},[59,83160,83161],{"className":61,"code":2292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,83162,83163],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83164,83165],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83166,2292],{"class":160},[20,83168,83169],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83171,83172],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[59,83174,83176],{"className":61,"code":83175,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83177,83178,83187,83195,83205,83209,83232],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83179,83180,83182,83184],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83181,2618],{"class":106},[68,83183,111],{"class":110},[68,83185,83186],{"class":160}," 15\n",[68,83188,83189,83191,83193],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83190,2646],{"class":106},[68,83192,111],{"class":110},[68,83194,2832],{"class":160},[68,83196,83197,83200,83202],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,83198,83199],{"class":106},"c ",[68,83201,111],{"class":110},[68,83203,83204],{"class":160}," 27\n",[68,83206,83207],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,83208,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,83210,83211,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,83212,83213],{"class":106},"largest ",[68,83215,111],{"class":110},[68,83217,83000],{"class":128},[68,83219,79],{"class":78},[68,83221,49],{"class":138},[68,83223,472],{"class":78},[68,83225,2623],{"class":138},[68,83227,472],{"class":78},[68,83229,9711],{"class":138},[68,83231,85],{"class":78},[68,83233,83234,83236,83238,83241],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,83235,129],{"class":128},[68,83237,79],{"class":78},[68,83239,83240],{"class":138},"largest",[68,83242,85],{"class":78},[20,83244,180],{},[59,83246,83247],{"className":61,"code":46632,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,83248,83249],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83250,83251],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83252,46632],{"class":160},[20,83254,83255],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[93,83257,633,83259,47079],{"id":83258},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83260,82594],{},[20,83262,83263,83265],{},[15,83264,82594],{}," can compare strings too.",[59,83267,83269],{"className":61,"code":83268,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83270,83271,83303],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83272,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83274,4114],{"class":106},[68,83276,111],{"class":110},[68,83278,725],{"class":78},[68,83280,344],{"class":114},[68,83282,4123],{"class":118},[68,83284,344],{"class":114},[68,83286,472],{"class":78},[68,83288,115],{"class":114},[68,83290,4132],{"class":118},[68,83292,344],{"class":114},[68,83294,472],{"class":78},[68,83296,115],{"class":114},[68,83298,78758],{"class":118},[68,83300,344],{"class":114},[68,83302,730],{"class":78},[68,83304,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83306,129],{"class":128},[68,83308,79],{"class":78},[68,83310,82653],{"class":128},[68,83312,79],{"class":78},[68,83314,4158],{"class":138},[68,83316,142],{"class":78},[20,83318,180],{},[59,83320,83321],{"className":61,"code":82759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,83322,83323],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83324,83325],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83326,82759],{"class":106},[20,83328,83329],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83331,68298],{},[33,83333,83334,83343,83346],{},[36,83335,83336,83339,83340,83342],{},[15,83337,83338],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83341,65289],{}," alphabetically",[36,83344,83345],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,83347,83348],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83350,326],{},[59,83352,83354],{"className":61,"code":83353,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83355,83356,83389],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83357,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83359,4114],{"class":106},[68,83361,111],{"class":110},[68,83363,725],{"class":78},[68,83365,344],{"class":114},[68,83367,4123],{"class":118},[68,83369,344],{"class":114},[68,83371,472],{"class":78},[68,83373,115],{"class":114},[68,83375,83376],{"class":118},"Banana",[68,83378,344],{"class":114},[68,83380,472],{"class":78},[68,83382,115],{"class":114},[68,83384,78758],{"class":118},[68,83386,344],{"class":114},[68,83388,730],{"class":78},[68,83390,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83392,129],{"class":128},[68,83394,79],{"class":78},[68,83396,82653],{"class":128},[68,83398,79],{"class":78},[68,83400,4158],{"class":138},[68,83402,142],{"class":78},[20,83404,83405],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83407,83408,83409,83411],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83410,14873],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[93,83413,36645,83414,36648],{"id":78716},[15,83415,14873],{},[20,83417,2050,83418,83420],{},[15,83419,14873],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83422,83423],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1470,83425,83427],{"id":83426},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[59,83429,83431],{"className":61,"code":83430,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83432,83433,83465],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83434,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461,83463],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83436,4114],{"class":106},[68,83438,111],{"class":110},[68,83440,725],{"class":78},[68,83442,344],{"class":114},[68,83444,37080],{"class":118},[68,83446,344],{"class":114},[68,83448,472],{"class":78},[68,83450,115],{"class":114},[68,83452,68341],{"class":118},[68,83454,344],{"class":114},[68,83456,472],{"class":78},[68,83458,115],{"class":114},[68,83460,58143],{"class":118},[68,83462,344],{"class":114},[68,83464,730],{"class":78},[68,83466,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83468,129],{"class":128},[68,83470,79],{"class":78},[68,83472,82653],{"class":128},[68,83474,79],{"class":78},[68,83476,4158],{"class":138},[68,83478,472],{"class":78},[68,83480,21614],{"class":9206},[68,83482,111],{"class":110},[68,83484,11191],{"class":128},[68,83486,142],{"class":78},[20,83488,180],{},[59,83490,83492],{"className":61,"code":83491,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"elephant\n",[15,83493,83494],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83495,83496],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83497,83491],{"class":106},[20,83499,20805,83500,83503],{},[15,83501,83502],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83505,83506,83507,33662,83509,236],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83508,42390],{},[49,83510,83511,5823],{"href":42387},[15,83512,42390],{},[1470,83514,83516],{"id":83515},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[59,83518,83520],{"className":61,"code":83519,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83521,83522,83554],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83523,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546,83548,83550,83552],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83525,4114],{"class":106},[68,83527,111],{"class":110},[68,83529,725],{"class":78},[68,83531,344],{"class":114},[68,83533,4123],{"class":118},[68,83535,344],{"class":114},[68,83537,472],{"class":78},[68,83539,115],{"class":114},[68,83541,83376],{"class":118},[68,83543,344],{"class":114},[68,83545,472],{"class":78},[68,83547,115],{"class":114},[68,83549,78758],{"class":118},[68,83551,344],{"class":114},[68,83553,730],{"class":78},[68,83555,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83557,129],{"class":128},[68,83559,79],{"class":78},[68,83561,82653],{"class":128},[68,83563,79],{"class":78},[68,83565,4158],{"class":138},[68,83567,472],{"class":78},[68,83569,21614],{"class":9206},[68,83571,111],{"class":110},[68,83573,200],{"class":74},[68,83575,236],{"class":78},[68,83577,8674],{"class":1267},[68,83579,142],{"class":78},[20,83581,180],{},[59,83583,83584],{"className":61,"code":82759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,83585,83586],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83587,83588],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83589,82759],{"class":106},[20,83591,20805,83592,83594],{},[15,83593,78712],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1470,83596,83598],{"id":83597},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83600,83601,83602,503],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83603,37693],{},[59,83605,83607],{"className":61,"code":83606,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83608,83609,83652],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83630,83632,83634,83636,83639,83641,83643,83645,83648,83650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83612,7817],{"class":106},[68,83614,111],{"class":110},[68,83616,725],{"class":78},[68,83618,344],{"class":114},[68,83620,49],{"class":118},[68,83622,344],{"class":114},[68,83624,472],{"class":78},[68,83626,115],{"class":114},[68,83628,83629],{"class":118},"bb",[68,83631,344],{"class":114},[68,83633,472],{"class":78},[68,83635,115],{"class":114},[68,83637,83638],{"class":118},"cccc",[68,83640,344],{"class":114},[68,83642,472],{"class":78},[68,83644,115],{"class":114},[68,83646,83647],{"class":118},"ddd",[68,83649,344],{"class":114},[68,83651,730],{"class":78},[68,83653,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83655,129],{"class":128},[68,83657,79],{"class":78},[68,83659,82653],{"class":128},[68,83661,79],{"class":78},[68,83663,7848],{"class":138},[68,83665,472],{"class":78},[68,83667,21614],{"class":9206},[68,83669,111],{"class":110},[68,83671,37693],{"class":193},[68,83673,42870],{"class":37696},[68,83675,503],{"class":78},[68,83677,38420],{"class":128},[68,83679,79],{"class":78},[68,83681,1367],{"class":138},[68,83683,2970],{"class":78},[20,83685,180],{},[59,83687,83689],{"className":61,"code":83688,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"cccc\n",[15,83690,83691],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83692,83693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83694,83688],{"class":106},[20,83696,49566,83697,232,83699,83701],{},[15,83698,83502],{},[15,83700,78599],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[93,83703,36645,83705,36648],{"id":83704},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83706,82949],{},[20,83708,2050,83709,83711],{},[15,83710,82949],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83713,83714],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[59,83716,83718],{"className":61,"code":83717,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83719,83720,83728],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83721,83722,83724,83726],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83723,3663],{"class":106},[68,83725,111],{"class":110},[68,83727,7877],{"class":78},[68,83729,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83731,129],{"class":128},[68,83733,79],{"class":78},[68,83735,82653],{"class":128},[68,83737,79],{"class":78},[68,83739,3693],{"class":138},[68,83741,472],{"class":78},[68,83743,26557],{"class":9206},[68,83745,111],{"class":110},[68,83747,2192],{"class":160},[68,83749,142],{"class":78},[20,83751,180],{},[59,83753,83754],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,83755,83756],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83757,83758],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83759,47272],{"class":160},[20,83761,83762],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83764,83765,83766,83768],{},"Without ",[15,83767,82949],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83770,52095],{},[59,83772,83774],{"className":61,"code":83773,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83775,83776,83784,83811],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83777,83778,83780,83782],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83779,4114],{"class":106},[68,83781,111],{"class":110},[68,83783,7877],{"class":78},[68,83785,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83807,83809],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83787,2297],{"class":106},[68,83789,111],{"class":110},[68,83791,83000],{"class":128},[68,83793,79],{"class":78},[68,83795,4158],{"class":138},[68,83797,472],{"class":78},[68,83799,26557],{"class":9206},[68,83801,111],{"class":110},[68,83803,344],{"class":114},[68,83805,83806],{"class":118},"no words found",[68,83808,344],{"class":114},[68,83810,85],{"class":78},[68,83812,83813,83815,83817,83819],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,83814,129],{"class":128},[68,83816,79],{"class":78},[68,83818,2331],{"class":138},[68,83820,85],{"class":78},[20,83822,180],{},[59,83824,83826],{"className":61,"code":83825,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"no words found\n",[15,83827,83828],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83829,83830],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83831,83825],{"class":106},[20,83833,83834],{},"Important:",[33,83836,83837,83845],{},[36,83838,83839,83841,83842],{},[15,83840,82949],{}," works with ",[15,83843,83844],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,83846,1524,83847,83849,83850],{},[1301,83848,1303],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83851,83852],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[93,83854,48006],{"id":48005},[20,83856,83857,83858,236],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83859,82594],{},[1470,83861,83863,83865],{"id":83862},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83864,40738],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83867,83868,83869,45931,83871,236],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83870,82949],{},[15,83872,40738],{},[59,83874,83876],{"className":61,"code":83875,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83877,83878,83886],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83879,83880,83882,83884],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83881,3663],{"class":106},[68,83883,111],{"class":110},[68,83885,7877],{"class":78},[68,83887,83888,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83889,129],{"class":128},[68,83891,79],{"class":78},[68,83893,82653],{"class":128},[68,83895,79],{"class":78},[68,83897,3693],{"class":138},[68,83899,142],{"class":78},[20,83901,29715],{},[59,83903,83905],{"className":61,"code":83904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83906,83907],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83908,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83920,83922],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83910,40738],{"class":74},[68,83912,503],{"class":78},[68,83914,83000],{"class":128},[68,83916,7403],{"class":78},[68,83918,83919],{"class":106}," arg ",[68,83921,12226],{"class":110},[68,83923,83924],{"class":106}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83926,83927,83928,503],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83929,82949],{},[59,83931,83933],{"className":61,"code":83932,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83934,83935,83943],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83936,83937,83939,83941],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83938,3663],{"class":106},[68,83940,111],{"class":110},[68,83942,7877],{"class":78},[68,83944,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,83946,129],{"class":128},[68,83948,79],{"class":78},[68,83950,82653],{"class":128},[68,83952,79],{"class":78},[68,83954,3693],{"class":138},[68,83956,472],{"class":78},[68,83958,26557],{"class":9206},[68,83960,111],{"class":110},[68,83962,3824],{"class":526},[68,83964,142],{"class":78},[20,83966,83967,83968,236],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[49,83969,65854],{"href":72892},[1470,83971,83973,83975],{"id":83972},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83974,3060],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83977,83978,83979,236],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83980,3060],{},[59,83982,83984],{"className":61,"code":83983,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83985,83986,84010],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,83987,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,83989,7817],{"class":106},[68,83991,111],{"class":110},[68,83993,725],{"class":78},[68,83995,438],{"class":160},[68,83997,472],{"class":78},[68,83999,115],{"class":114},[68,84001,15786],{"class":118},[68,84003,344],{"class":114},[68,84005,472],{"class":78},[68,84007,7833],{"class":160},[68,84009,730],{"class":78},[68,84011,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84013,129],{"class":128},[68,84015,79],{"class":78},[68,84017,82653],{"class":128},[68,84019,79],{"class":78},[68,84021,7848],{"class":138},[68,84023,142],{"class":78},[20,84025,84026],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84028,84029],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[59,84031,84033],{"className":61,"code":84032,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84034,84035,84055],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84036,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049,84051,84053],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84038,7817],{"class":106},[68,84040,111],{"class":110},[68,84042,725],{"class":78},[68,84044,438],{"class":160},[68,84046,472],{"class":78},[68,84048,7828],{"class":160},[68,84050,472],{"class":78},[68,84052,7833],{"class":160},[68,84054,730],{"class":78},[68,84056,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84058,129],{"class":128},[68,84060,79],{"class":78},[68,84062,82653],{"class":128},[68,84064,79],{"class":78},[68,84066,7848],{"class":138},[68,84068,142],{"class":78},[20,84070,84071,84072,236],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[49,84073,84075],{"href":84074},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1470,84077,84079,84081],{"id":84078},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84080,3060],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84083,84084,84086],{},[15,84085,82594],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[59,84088,84090],{"className":61,"code":84089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(max())\n",[15,84091,84092],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84093,84094,84096,84098,84100],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84095,129],{"class":128},[68,84097,79],{"class":78},[68,84099,82653],{"class":128},[68,84101,7231],{"class":78},[20,84103,3057,84104,236],{},[15,84105,3060],{},[93,84107,84109,969,84111],{"id":84108},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84110,82594],{},[15,84112,74438],{},[20,84114,84115],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84117,84118,503],{},[15,84119,82594],{},[33,84121,84122],{},[36,84123,84124],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84126,84127,503],{},[15,84128,74438],{},[33,84130,84131],{},[36,84132,84133],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84135,326],{},[59,84137,84139],{"className":61,"code":84138,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84140,84141,84165,84169,84183],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84142,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84144,3663],{"class":106},[68,84146,111],{"class":110},[68,84148,725],{"class":78},[68,84150,2135],{"class":160},[68,84152,472],{"class":78},[68,84154,6401],{"class":160},[68,84156,472],{"class":78},[68,84158,475],{"class":160},[68,84160,472],{"class":78},[68,84162,4650],{"class":160},[68,84164,730],{"class":78},[68,84166,84167],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84168,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,84170,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,84172,129],{"class":128},[68,84174,79],{"class":78},[68,84176,82653],{"class":128},[68,84178,79],{"class":78},[68,84180,3693],{"class":138},[68,84182,142],{"class":78},[68,84184,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,84186,129],{"class":128},[68,84188,79],{"class":78},[68,84190,74528],{"class":128},[68,84192,79],{"class":78},[68,84194,3693],{"class":138},[68,84196,142],{"class":78},[20,84198,180],{},[59,84200,84202],{"className":61,"code":84201,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84203,84204,84208],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84205,84206],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84207,2447],{"class":160},[68,84209,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84211,795],{"class":78},[68,84213,2129],{"class":160},[68,84215,472],{"class":78},[68,84217,480],{"class":160},[68,84219,472],{"class":78},[68,84221,4650],{"class":160},[68,84223,472],{"class":78},[68,84225,6401],{"class":160},[68,84227,730],{"class":78},[20,84229,224,84230,84232],{},[15,84231,82594],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84234,224,84235,84239],{},[49,84236,84237],{"href":74535},[15,84238,74438],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84241,84242,84243,236],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[49,84244,84246],{"href":84245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84247,84248],{},"min()",[93,84250,1750],{"id":1749},[20,84252,84253],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,84255,84256,84263,84266,84271,84274],{},[36,84257,29684,84258,84260,84261],{},[15,84259,82594],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84262,82949],{},[36,84264,84265],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,84267,1770,84268,84270],{},[15,84269,82594],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,84272,84273],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,84275,633,84276,84278],{},[15,84277,82949],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84280,11142],{},[59,84282,84284],{"className":61,"code":84283,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84285,84286,84296,84310,84324,84338,84360],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84287,84288,84290,84292,84294],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84289,129],{"class":128},[68,84291,79],{"class":78},[68,84293,7848],{"class":138},[68,84295,85],{"class":78},[68,84297,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84299,129],{"class":128},[68,84301,79],{"class":78},[68,84303,75],{"class":74},[68,84305,79],{"class":78},[68,84307,7848],{"class":138},[68,84309,142],{"class":78},[68,84311,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,84313,129],{"class":128},[68,84315,79],{"class":78},[68,84317,11191],{"class":128},[68,84319,79],{"class":78},[68,84321,7848],{"class":138},[68,84323,142],{"class":78},[68,84325,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,84327,129],{"class":128},[68,84329,79],{"class":78},[68,84331,82653],{"class":128},[68,84333,79],{"class":78},[68,84335,7848],{"class":138},[68,84337,142],{"class":78},[68,84339,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,84341,129],{"class":128},[68,84343,79],{"class":78},[68,84345,82653],{"class":128},[68,84347,79],{"class":78},[68,84349,7848],{"class":138},[68,84351,472],{"class":78},[68,84353,26557],{"class":9206},[68,84355,111],{"class":110},[68,84357,3824],{"class":526},[68,84359,142],{"class":78},[68,84361,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,84363,129],{"class":128},[68,84365,466],{"class":78},[68,84367,75],{"class":74},[68,84369,79],{"class":78},[68,84371,2245],{"class":138},[68,84373,1701],{"class":78},[68,84375,3921],{"class":1098},[68,84377,3924],{"class":138},[68,84379,3927],{"class":1098},[68,84381,6006],{"class":138},[68,84383,3933],{"class":78},[20,84385,84386],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,84388,84389,84394,84399,84402],{},[36,84390,84391,84392],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84393,7848],{},[36,84395,79764,84396,84398],{},[15,84397,7848],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,84400,84401],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,84403,84404],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84406,69361,84407,84410,84411,84413],{},[15,84408,84409],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84412,7848],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[93,84415,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,84417,1878,84419,1881],{"id":84418},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84420,82594],{},[20,84422,84423],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1470,84425,1939,84427,84429],{"id":84426},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84428,82594],{}," work with strings?",[20,84431,84432],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1470,84434,71660],{"id":71659},[20,84436,84437,52510,84439,84441,84442,84444],{},[15,84438,82594],{},[15,84440,40738],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84443,82949],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1470,84446,84448,84449,1906],{"id":84447},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84450,82594],{},[20,84452,224,84453,503],{},[15,84454,83502],{},[59,84456,84457],{"className":61,"code":83430,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,84458,84459,84491],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84460,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84462,4114],{"class":106},[68,84464,111],{"class":110},[68,84466,725],{"class":78},[68,84468,344],{"class":114},[68,84470,37080],{"class":118},[68,84472,344],{"class":114},[68,84474,472],{"class":78},[68,84476,115],{"class":114},[68,84478,68341],{"class":118},[68,84480,344],{"class":114},[68,84482,472],{"class":78},[68,84484,115],{"class":114},[68,84486,58143],{"class":118},[68,84488,344],{"class":114},[68,84490,730],{"class":78},[68,84492,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84494,129],{"class":128},[68,84496,79],{"class":78},[68,84498,82653],{"class":128},[68,84500,79],{"class":78},[68,84502,4158],{"class":138},[68,84504,472],{"class":78},[68,84506,21614],{"class":9206},[68,84508,111],{"class":110},[68,84510,11191],{"class":128},[68,84512,142],{"class":78},[1470,84514,5221,84516,232,84518,1906],{"id":84515},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84517,82594],{},[15,84519,74438],{},[20,84521,84522,84524,84525,84527],{},[15,84523,82594],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":84566},[84567,84568,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84582,84584,84592,84594,84595,84606],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":82784,"depth":125,"text":84569},"What max() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":82953,"depth":125,"text":84572},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83123,"depth":125,"text":84574},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83258,"depth":125,"text":84576},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78716,"depth":125,"text":79913,"children":84578},[84579,84580,84581],{"id":83426,"depth":145,"text":83427},{"id":83515,"depth":145,"text":83516},{"id":83597,"depth":145,"text":83598},{"id":83704,"depth":125,"text":84583},"Using the default argument",{"id":48005,"depth":125,"text":48006,"children":84585},[84586,84588,84590],{"id":83862,"depth":145,"text":84587},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83972,"depth":145,"text":84589},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84078,"depth":145,"text":84591},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84108,"depth":125,"text":84593},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":84596},[84597,84599,84601,84602,84604],{"id":84418,"depth":145,"text":84598},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84426,"depth":145,"text":84600},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71659,"depth":145,"text":71660},{"id":84447,"depth":145,"text":84603},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84515,"depth":145,"text":84605},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82586,"description":84607},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84614,"title":84615,"body":84616,"description":86570,"extension":2033,"meta":86571,"navigation":148,"path":86572,"seo":86573,"stem":86574,"__hash__":86575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84617,"toc":86527},[84618,84623,84628,84634,84636,84710,84712,84725,84730,84735,84751,84755,84760,84836,84842,84845,84888,84890,84898,84904,84907,84938,84940,84948,84954,84959,85018,85020,85029,85032,85042,85048,85053,85088,85090,85098,85104,85110,85115,85159,85161,85170,85173,85213,85215,85224,85227,85239,85244,85249,85300,85302,85311,85314,85365,85367,85376,85379,85386,85392,85397,85399,85414,85418,85478,85480,85489,85493,85665,85667,85704,85711,85717,85720,85747,85749,85770,85775,85810,85812,85820,85823,85826,85842,85847,85849,85853,85859,85863,85890,85893,85903,85943,85947,85950,85993,85995,86004,86007,86012,86081,86083,86091,86096,86100,86103,86154,86156,86164,86167,86230,86232,86240,86243,86248,86252,86265,86272,86280,86282,86284,86314,86320,86421,86431,86433,86438,86441,86446,86449,86451,86459,86467,86475,86482,86490,86492,86524],[10,84619,13,84621,18],{"id":84620},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84622,84248],{},[20,84624,84625,84627],{},[15,84626,84248],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84629,84630,84631,84633],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84632,84248],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[93,84635,2075],{"id":2074},[59,84637,84639],{"className":61,"code":84638,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84640,84641,84665,84680,84684],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84642,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84644,3663],{"class":106},[68,84646,111],{"class":110},[68,84648,725],{"class":78},[68,84650,1497],{"class":160},[68,84652,472],{"class":78},[68,84654,475],{"class":160},[68,84656,472],{"class":78},[68,84658,54152],{"class":160},[68,84660,472],{"class":78},[68,84662,5539],{"class":160},[68,84664,730],{"class":78},[68,84666,84667,84669,84671,84674,84676,84678],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84668,129],{"class":128},[68,84670,79],{"class":78},[68,84672,84673],{"class":128},"min",[68,84675,79],{"class":78},[68,84677,3693],{"class":138},[68,84679,142],{"class":78},[68,84681,84682],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,84683,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,84685,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,84687,129],{"class":128},[68,84689,79],{"class":78},[68,84691,84673],{"class":128},[68,84693,79],{"class":78},[68,84695,1497],{"class":160},[68,84697,472],{"class":78},[68,84699,475],{"class":160},[68,84701,472],{"class":78},[68,84703,54152],{"class":160},[68,84705,472],{"class":78},[68,84707,5539],{"class":160},[68,84709,142],{"class":78},[20,84711,180],{},[59,84713,84715],{"className":61,"code":84714,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1\n1\n",[15,84716,84717,84721],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84718,84719],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84720,46937],{"class":160},[68,84722,84723],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84724,46937],{"class":160},[20,84726,224,84727,84729],{},[15,84728,84248],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[93,84731,3722,84733,3725],{"id":84732},"what-min-does",[15,84734,84248],{},[33,84736,84737,84742,84745,84748],{},[36,84738,84739,84741],{},[15,84740,84248],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,84743,84744],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,84746,84747],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,84749,84750],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[93,84752,84754],{"id":84753},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84756,84757,84758,503],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84759,84248],{},[59,84761,84763],{"className":61,"code":84762,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84764,84765,84775,84800,84818],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84766,84767,84769,84771,84773],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84768,84673],{"class":128},[68,84770,79],{"class":78},[68,84772,3766],{"class":138},[68,84774,85],{"class":78},[68,84776,84777,84779,84781,84784,84786,84789,84791,84794,84796,84798],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84778,84673],{"class":128},[68,84780,79],{"class":78},[68,84782,84783],{"class":138},"value1",[68,84785,472],{"class":78},[68,84787,84788],{"class":138}," value2",[68,84790,472],{"class":78},[68,84792,84793],{"class":138}," value3",[68,84795,472],{"class":78},[68,84797,34487],{"class":128},[68,84799,85],{"class":78},[68,84801,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,84803,84673],{"class":128},[68,84805,79],{"class":78},[68,84807,3766],{"class":138},[68,84809,472],{"class":78},[68,84811,21614],{"class":9206},[68,84813,111],{"class":110},[68,84815,37404],{"class":128},[68,84817,85],{"class":78},[68,84819,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,84821,84673],{"class":128},[68,84823,79],{"class":78},[68,84825,3766],{"class":138},[68,84827,472],{"class":78},[68,84829,26557],{"class":9206},[68,84831,111],{"class":110},[68,84833,37404],{"class":128},[68,84835,85],{"class":78},[1470,84837,84839],{"id":84838},"miniterable",[15,84840,84841],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84843,84844],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[59,84846,84848],{"className":61,"code":84847,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84849,84850,84874],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84851,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84853,3663],{"class":106},[68,84855,111],{"class":110},[68,84857,725],{"class":78},[68,84859,2411],{"class":160},[68,84861,472],{"class":78},[68,84863,480],{"class":160},[68,84865,472],{"class":78},[68,84867,30977],{"class":160},[68,84869,472],{"class":78},[68,84871,5539],{"class":160},[68,84873,730],{"class":78},[68,84875,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84877,129],{"class":128},[68,84879,79],{"class":78},[68,84881,84673],{"class":128},[68,84883,79],{"class":78},[68,84885,3693],{"class":138},[68,84887,142],{"class":78},[20,84889,180],{},[59,84891,84892],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,84893,84894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84895,84896],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84897,46937],{"class":160},[1470,84899,84901],{"id":84900},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84902,84903],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84905,84906],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[59,84908,84910],{"className":61,"code":84909,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84911,84912],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84913,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84915,129],{"class":128},[68,84917,79],{"class":78},[68,84919,84673],{"class":128},[68,84921,79],{"class":78},[68,84923,2411],{"class":160},[68,84925,472],{"class":78},[68,84927,480],{"class":160},[68,84929,472],{"class":78},[68,84931,30977],{"class":160},[68,84933,472],{"class":78},[68,84935,5539],{"class":160},[68,84937,142],{"class":78},[20,84939,180],{},[59,84941,84942],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,84943,84944],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84945,84946],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84947,46937],{"class":160},[1470,84949,84951],{"id":84950},"miniterable-key",[15,84952,84953],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84955,224,84956,84958],{},[15,84957,14873],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[59,84960,84962],{"className":61,"code":84961,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84963,84964,84996],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,84965,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,84967,4114],{"class":106},[68,84969,111],{"class":110},[68,84971,725],{"class":78},[68,84973,344],{"class":114},[68,84975,78758],{"class":118},[68,84977,344],{"class":114},[68,84979,472],{"class":78},[68,84981,115],{"class":114},[68,84983,38375],{"class":118},[68,84985,344],{"class":114},[68,84987,472],{"class":78},[68,84989,115],{"class":114},[68,84991,4132],{"class":118},[68,84993,344],{"class":114},[68,84995,730],{"class":78},[68,84997,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,84999,129],{"class":128},[68,85001,79],{"class":78},[68,85003,84673],{"class":128},[68,85005,79],{"class":78},[68,85007,4158],{"class":138},[68,85009,472],{"class":78},[68,85011,21614],{"class":9206},[68,85013,111],{"class":110},[68,85015,11191],{"class":128},[68,85017,142],{"class":78},[20,85019,180],{},[59,85021,85023],{"className":61,"code":85022,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"kiwi\n",[15,85024,85025],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85026,85027],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85028,85022],{"class":106},[20,85030,85031],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85033,85034,85035,85037,85038,236],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85036,42390],{},", see the ",[49,85039,85040,1151],{"href":42387},[15,85041,42390],{},[1470,85043,85045],{"id":85044},"miniterable-default",[15,85046,85047],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85049,224,85050,85052],{},[15,85051,82949],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[59,85054,85056],{"className":61,"code":85055,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85057,85058,85066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85059,85060,85062,85064],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85061,3663],{"class":106},[68,85063,111],{"class":110},[68,85065,7877],{"class":78},[68,85067,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85069,129],{"class":128},[68,85071,79],{"class":78},[68,85073,84673],{"class":128},[68,85075,79],{"class":78},[68,85077,3693],{"class":138},[68,85079,472],{"class":78},[68,85081,26557],{"class":9206},[68,85083,111],{"class":110},[68,85085,2192],{"class":160},[68,85087,142],{"class":78},[20,85089,180],{},[59,85091,85092],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,85093,85094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85095,85096],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85097,47272],{"class":160},[20,85099,85100,85101,85103],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85102,40738],{}," when there is no item to return.",[93,85105,633,85107,85109],{"id":85106},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85108,84248],{}," with numbers",[20,85111,85112,85114],{},[15,85113,84248],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[59,85116,85118],{"className":61,"code":85117,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85119,85120,85145],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85121,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85123,5108],{"class":106},[68,85125,111],{"class":110},[68,85127,725],{"class":78},[68,85129,51520],{"class":160},[68,85131,472],{"class":78},[68,85133,85134],{"class":160}," 72",[68,85136,472],{"class":78},[68,85138,28941],{"class":160},[68,85140,472],{"class":78},[68,85142,76114],{"class":160},[68,85144,730],{"class":78},[68,85146,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85148,129],{"class":128},[68,85150,79],{"class":78},[68,85152,84673],{"class":128},[68,85154,79],{"class":78},[68,85156,16421],{"class":138},[68,85158,142],{"class":78},[20,85160,180],{},[59,85162,85164],{"className":61,"code":85163,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"60\n",[15,85165,85166],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85167,85168],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85169,85163],{"class":160},[20,85171,85172],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[59,85174,85176],{"className":61,"code":85175,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85177,85178,85199],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85179,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85193,85195,85197],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85181,83061],{"class":106},[68,85183,111],{"class":110},[68,85185,725],{"class":78},[68,85187,40432],{"class":160},[68,85189,472],{"class":78},[68,85191,85192],{"class":160}," 5.49",[68,85194,472],{"class":78},[68,85196,83077],{"class":160},[68,85198,730],{"class":78},[68,85200,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85202,129],{"class":128},[68,85204,79],{"class":78},[68,85206,84673],{"class":128},[68,85208,79],{"class":78},[68,85210,83097],{"class":138},[68,85212,142],{"class":78},[20,85214,180],{},[59,85216,85218],{"className":61,"code":85217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5.49\n",[15,85219,85220],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85221,85222],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85223,85217],{"class":160},[20,85225,85226],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,85228,85229,85231,85233,85236],{},[36,85230,16421],{},[36,85232,83097],{},[36,85234,85235],{},"measurements",[36,85237,85238],{},"ages",[93,85240,633,85242,47079],{"id":85241},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85243,84248],{},[20,85245,85246,85248],{},[15,85247,84248],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[59,85250,85252],{"className":61,"code":85251,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85253,85254,85286],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85255,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85257,4114],{"class":106},[68,85259,111],{"class":110},[68,85261,725],{"class":78},[68,85263,344],{"class":114},[68,85265,4132],{"class":118},[68,85267,344],{"class":114},[68,85269,472],{"class":78},[68,85271,115],{"class":114},[68,85273,4123],{"class":118},[68,85275,344],{"class":114},[68,85277,472],{"class":78},[68,85279,115],{"class":114},[68,85281,4141],{"class":118},[68,85283,344],{"class":114},[68,85285,730],{"class":78},[68,85287,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85289,129],{"class":128},[68,85291,79],{"class":78},[68,85293,84673],{"class":128},[68,85295,79],{"class":78},[68,85297,4158],{"class":138},[68,85299,142],{"class":78},[20,85301,180],{},[59,85303,85305],{"className":61,"code":85304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"apple\n",[15,85306,85307],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85308,85309],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85310,85304],{"class":106},[20,85312,85313],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[59,85315,85317],{"className":61,"code":85316,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85318,85319,85351],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85320,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85322,4114],{"class":106},[68,85324,111],{"class":110},[68,85326,725],{"class":78},[68,85328,344],{"class":114},[68,85330,4132],{"class":118},[68,85332,344],{"class":114},[68,85334,472],{"class":78},[68,85336,115],{"class":114},[68,85338,57784],{"class":118},[68,85340,344],{"class":114},[68,85342,472],{"class":78},[68,85344,115],{"class":114},[68,85346,4141],{"class":118},[68,85348,344],{"class":114},[68,85350,730],{"class":78},[68,85352,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85354,129],{"class":128},[68,85356,79],{"class":78},[68,85358,84673],{"class":128},[68,85360,79],{"class":78},[68,85362,4158],{"class":138},[68,85364,142],{"class":78},[20,85366,180],{},[59,85368,85370],{"className":61,"code":85369,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Apple\n",[15,85371,85372],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85373,85374],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85375,85369],{"class":106},[20,85377,85378],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85380,85381,85382,236],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[49,85383,85384,5823],{"href":74535},[15,85385,74438],{},[93,85387,633,85389,85391],{"id":85388},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85390,84248],{}," with a key function",[20,85393,2050,85394,85396],{},[15,85395,14873],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85398,11489],{},[33,85400,85401,85406,85411],{},[36,85402,85403,85405],{},[15,85404,14873],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,85407,85408,85410],{},[15,85409,84248],{}," still returns the original item",[36,85412,85413],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1470,85415,85417],{"id":85416},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[59,85419,85421],{"className":61,"code":85420,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85422,85423,85456],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85424,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85452,85454],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85426,4114],{"class":106},[68,85428,111],{"class":110},[68,85430,725],{"class":78},[68,85432,344],{"class":114},[68,85434,68341],{"class":118},[68,85436,344],{"class":114},[68,85438,472],{"class":78},[68,85440,115],{"class":114},[68,85442,37080],{"class":118},[68,85444,344],{"class":114},[68,85446,472],{"class":78},[68,85448,115],{"class":114},[68,85450,85451],{"class":118},"giraffe",[68,85453,344],{"class":114},[68,85455,730],{"class":78},[68,85457,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85459,129],{"class":128},[68,85461,79],{"class":78},[68,85463,84673],{"class":128},[68,85465,79],{"class":78},[68,85467,4158],{"class":138},[68,85469,472],{"class":78},[68,85471,21614],{"class":9206},[68,85473,111],{"class":110},[68,85475,11191],{"class":128},[68,85477,142],{"class":78},[20,85479,180],{},[59,85481,85483],{"className":61,"code":85482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"cat\n",[15,85484,85485],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85486,85487],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85488,85482],{"class":106},[1470,85490,85492],{"id":85491},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[59,85494,85496],{"className":61,"code":85495,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85497,85498,85508,85543,85575,85607,85611,85615,85654],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85499,85500,85503,85505],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85501,85502],{"class":106},"students ",[68,85504,111],{"class":110},[68,85506,85507],{"class":78}," [\n",[68,85509,85510,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85534,85536,85538,85540],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85511,85512],{"class":78},"    {",[68,85514,344],{"class":114},[68,85516,139],{"class":118},[68,85518,344],{"class":114},[68,85520,503],{"class":78},[68,85522,115],{"class":114},[68,85524,12913],{"class":118},[68,85526,344],{"class":114},[68,85528,472],{"class":78},[68,85530,115],{"class":114},[68,85532,85533],{"class":118},"score",[68,85535,344],{"class":114},[68,85537,503],{"class":78},[68,85539,13539],{"class":160},[68,85541,85542],{"class":78},"},\n",[68,85544,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,85546,85512],{"class":78},[68,85548,344],{"class":114},[68,85550,139],{"class":118},[68,85552,344],{"class":114},[68,85554,503],{"class":78},[68,85556,115],{"class":114},[68,85558,35972],{"class":118},[68,85560,344],{"class":114},[68,85562,472],{"class":78},[68,85564,115],{"class":114},[68,85566,85533],{"class":118},[68,85568,344],{"class":114},[68,85570,503],{"class":78},[68,85572,85134],{"class":160},[68,85574,85542],{"class":78},[68,85576,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,85578,85512],{"class":78},[68,85580,344],{"class":114},[68,85582,139],{"class":118},[68,85584,344],{"class":114},[68,85586,503],{"class":78},[68,85588,115],{"class":114},[68,85590,35981],{"class":118},[68,85592,344],{"class":114},[68,85594,472],{"class":78},[68,85596,115],{"class":114},[68,85598,85533],{"class":118},[68,85600,344],{"class":114},[68,85602,503],{"class":78},[68,85604,19932],{"class":160},[68,85606,9338],{"class":78},[68,85608,85609],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,85610,730],{"class":78},[68,85612,85613],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,85614,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,85616,85617,85620,85622,85625,85627,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,85618,85619],{"class":106},"lowest ",[68,85621,111],{"class":110},[68,85623,85624],{"class":128}," min",[68,85626,79],{"class":78},[68,85628,85629],{"class":138},"students",[68,85631,472],{"class":78},[68,85633,21614],{"class":9206},[68,85635,111],{"class":110},[68,85637,37693],{"class":193},[68,85639,12939],{"class":37696},[68,85641,503],{"class":78},[68,85643,12939],{"class":138},[68,85645,795],{"class":78},[68,85647,344],{"class":114},[68,85649,85533],{"class":118},[68,85651,344],{"class":114},[68,85653,3933],{"class":78},[68,85655,85656,85658,85660,85663],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,85657,129],{"class":128},[68,85659,79],{"class":78},[68,85661,85662],{"class":138},"lowest",[68,85664,85],{"class":78},[20,85666,180],{},[59,85668,85670],{"className":61,"code":85669,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85671,85672],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85673,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85675,9308],{"class":78},[68,85677,203],{"class":114},[68,85679,139],{"class":118},[68,85681,203],{"class":114},[68,85683,503],{"class":78},[68,85685,197],{"class":114},[68,85687,35972],{"class":118},[68,85689,203],{"class":114},[68,85691,472],{"class":78},[68,85693,197],{"class":114},[68,85695,85533],{"class":118},[68,85697,203],{"class":114},[68,85699,503],{"class":78},[68,85701,85134],{"class":160},[68,85703,9338],{"class":78},[20,85705,85706,85707,85710],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85708,85709],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[93,85712,633,85714,85716],{"id":85713},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85715,82949],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85718,85719],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[59,85721,85723],{"className":61,"code":85722,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85724,85725,85733],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85726,85727,85729,85731],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85728,3663],{"class":106},[68,85730,111],{"class":110},[68,85732,7877],{"class":78},[68,85734,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85736,129],{"class":128},[68,85738,79],{"class":78},[68,85740,84673],{"class":128},[68,85742,79],{"class":78},[68,85744,3693],{"class":138},[68,85746,142],{"class":78},[20,85748,180],{},[59,85750,85752],{"className":61,"code":85751,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85753,85754],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85755,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85757,40738],{"class":74},[68,85759,503],{"class":78},[68,85761,85624],{"class":128},[68,85763,7403],{"class":78},[68,85765,83919],{"class":106},[68,85767,12226],{"class":110},[68,85769,83924],{"class":106},[20,85771,85772,85773,503],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85774,82949],{},[59,85776,85778],{"className":61,"code":85777,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85779,85780,85788],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85781,85782,85784,85786],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85783,3663],{"class":106},[68,85785,111],{"class":110},[68,85787,7877],{"class":78},[68,85789,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85791,129],{"class":128},[68,85793,79],{"class":78},[68,85795,84673],{"class":128},[68,85797,79],{"class":78},[68,85799,3693],{"class":138},[68,85801,472],{"class":78},[68,85803,26557],{"class":9206},[68,85805,111],{"class":110},[68,85807,3824],{"class":526},[68,85809,142],{"class":78},[20,85811,180],{},[59,85813,85814],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,85815,85816],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85817,85818],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85819,11840],{"class":526},[20,85821,85822],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85824,85825],{},"Remember:",[33,85827,85828,85836],{},[36,85829,85830,85832,85833,85835],{},[15,85831,82949],{}," works only when ",[15,85834,84248],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,85837,85838,85839],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85840,85841],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85843,85844,85845,236],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[49,85846,65854],{"href":72892},[93,85848,10774],{"id":10773},[20,85850,56792,85851,236],{},[15,85852,84248],{},[1470,85854,85856,85857],{"id":85855},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85858,82949],{},[20,85860,3057,85861,503],{},[15,85862,40738],{},[59,85864,85866],{"className":61,"code":85865,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85867,85868,85876],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85869,85870,85872,85874],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85871,7817],{"class":106},[68,85873,111],{"class":110},[68,85875,7877],{"class":78},[68,85877,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85879,129],{"class":128},[68,85881,79],{"class":78},[68,85883,84673],{"class":128},[68,85885,79],{"class":78},[68,85887,7848],{"class":138},[68,85889,142],{"class":78},[20,85891,85892],{},"Fix it by:",[33,85894,85895,85898],{},[36,85896,85897],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,85899,85900,85901],{},"or using ",[15,85902,82949],{},[59,85904,85906],{"className":61,"code":85905,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85907,85908,85916],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85909,85910,85912,85914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85911,7817],{"class":106},[68,85913,111],{"class":110},[68,85915,7877],{"class":78},[68,85917,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85939,85941],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85919,129],{"class":128},[68,85921,79],{"class":78},[68,85923,84673],{"class":128},[68,85925,79],{"class":78},[68,85927,7848],{"class":138},[68,85929,472],{"class":78},[68,85931,26557],{"class":9206},[68,85933,111],{"class":110},[68,85935,344],{"class":114},[68,85937,85938],{"class":118},"no items",[68,85940,344],{"class":114},[68,85942,142],{"class":78},[1470,85944,85946],{"id":85945},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85948,85949],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[59,85951,85953],{"className":61,"code":85952,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85954,85955,85979],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,85956,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,85958,9197],{"class":106},[68,85960,111],{"class":110},[68,85962,725],{"class":78},[68,85964,438],{"class":160},[68,85966,472],{"class":78},[68,85968,115],{"class":114},[68,85970,15786],{"class":118},[68,85972,344],{"class":114},[68,85974,472],{"class":78},[68,85976,4650],{"class":160},[68,85978,730],{"class":78},[68,85980,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,85982,129],{"class":128},[68,85984,79],{"class":78},[68,85986,84673],{"class":128},[68,85988,79],{"class":78},[68,85990,9234],{"class":138},[68,85992,142],{"class":78},[20,85994,180],{},[59,85996,85998],{"className":61,"code":85997,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"TypeError\n",[15,85999,86000],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86001,86002],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86003,85997],{"class":74},[20,86005,86006],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86008,86009,86010,236],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86011,84248],{},[59,86013,86015],{"className":61,"code":86014,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86016,86017,86041,86067],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86018,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86020,9197],{"class":106},[68,86022,111],{"class":110},[68,86024,725],{"class":78},[68,86026,438],{"class":160},[68,86028,472],{"class":78},[68,86030,115],{"class":114},[68,86032,15786],{"class":118},[68,86034,344],{"class":114},[68,86036,472],{"class":78},[68,86038,4650],{"class":160},[68,86040,730],{"class":78},[68,86042,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86044,3663],{"class":106},[68,86046,111],{"class":110},[68,86048,725],{"class":78},[68,86050,217],{"class":74},[68,86052,79],{"class":78},[68,86054,2245],{"class":138},[68,86056,1701],{"class":78},[68,86058,3921],{"class":1098},[68,86060,3924],{"class":106},[68,86062,3927],{"class":1098},[68,86064,14599],{"class":106},[68,86066,730],{"class":78},[68,86068,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,86070,129],{"class":128},[68,86072,79],{"class":78},[68,86074,84673],{"class":128},[68,86076,79],{"class":78},[68,86078,3693],{"class":138},[68,86080,142],{"class":78},[20,86082,180],{},[59,86084,86085],{"className":61,"code":3005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,86086,86087],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86088,86089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86090,3005],{"class":160},[20,86092,86093,86094,236],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86095,3060],{},[1470,86097,86099],{"id":86098},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86101,86102],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[59,86104,86106],{"className":61,"code":86105,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86107,86108,86140],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86109,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86111,4114],{"class":106},[68,86113,111],{"class":110},[68,86115,725],{"class":78},[68,86117,344],{"class":114},[68,86119,79573],{"class":118},[68,86121,344],{"class":114},[68,86123,472],{"class":78},[68,86125,115],{"class":114},[68,86127,57784],{"class":118},[68,86129,344],{"class":114},[68,86131,472],{"class":78},[68,86133,115],{"class":114},[68,86135,79590],{"class":118},[68,86137,344],{"class":114},[68,86139,730],{"class":78},[68,86141,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86143,129],{"class":128},[68,86145,79],{"class":78},[68,86147,84673],{"class":128},[68,86149,79],{"class":78},[68,86151,4158],{"class":138},[68,86153,142],{"class":78},[20,86155,180],{},[59,86157,86158],{"className":61,"code":85369,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,86159,86160],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86161,86162],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86163,85369],{"class":106},[20,86165,86166],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[59,86168,86170],{"className":61,"code":86169,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86171,86172,86204],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86173,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86175,4114],{"class":106},[68,86177,111],{"class":110},[68,86179,725],{"class":78},[68,86181,344],{"class":114},[68,86183,79573],{"class":118},[68,86185,344],{"class":114},[68,86187,472],{"class":78},[68,86189,115],{"class":114},[68,86191,57784],{"class":118},[68,86193,344],{"class":114},[68,86195,472],{"class":78},[68,86197,115],{"class":114},[68,86199,79590],{"class":118},[68,86201,344],{"class":114},[68,86203,730],{"class":78},[68,86205,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86207,129],{"class":128},[68,86209,79],{"class":78},[68,86211,84673],{"class":128},[68,86213,79],{"class":78},[68,86215,4158],{"class":138},[68,86217,472],{"class":78},[68,86219,21614],{"class":9206},[68,86221,111],{"class":110},[68,86223,200],{"class":74},[68,86225,236],{"class":78},[68,86227,8674],{"class":1267},[68,86229,142],{"class":78},[20,86231,180],{},[59,86233,86234],{"className":61,"code":85369,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,86235,86236],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86237,86238],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86239,85369],{"class":106},[20,86241,86242],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[93,86244,1311,86246],{"id":86245},"when-to-use-min",[15,86247,84248],{},[20,86249,224,86250,10630],{},[15,86251,84248],{},[33,86253,86254,86257,86262],{},[36,86255,86256],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,86258,86259,86260],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86261,14873],{},[36,86263,86264],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86266,224,86267,86271],{},[49,86268,86269],{"href":74535},[15,86270,74438],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86273,224,86274,86279],{},[49,86275,86277],{"href":86276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86278,82594],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[93,86281,1750],{"id":1749},[20,86283,84253],{},[33,86285,86286,86294,86297,86302,86309],{},[36,86287,86288,86289,86291,86292],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86290,84248],{}," without using ",[15,86293,82949],{},[36,86295,86296],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,86298,1770,86299,86301],{},[15,86300,84248],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,86303,4749,86304,86306,86307,85410],{},[15,86305,14873],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86308,84248],{},[36,86310,633,86311,86313],{},[15,86312,82949],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86315,86316,86317,86319],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86318,84248],{},", these quick checks can help:",[59,86321,86323],{"className":61,"code":86322,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86324,86325,86339,86349,86363,86377,86399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86326,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86328,129],{"class":128},[68,86330,79],{"class":78},[68,86332,75],{"class":74},[68,86334,79],{"class":78},[68,86336,9234],{"class":138},[68,86338,142],{"class":78},[68,86340,86341,86343,86345,86347],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86342,129],{"class":128},[68,86344,79],{"class":78},[68,86346,9234],{"class":138},[68,86348,85],{"class":78},[68,86350,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,86352,129],{"class":128},[68,86354,79],{"class":78},[68,86356,11191],{"class":128},[68,86358,79],{"class":78},[68,86360,9234],{"class":138},[68,86362,142],{"class":78},[68,86364,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,86366,129],{"class":128},[68,86368,79],{"class":78},[68,86370,84673],{"class":128},[68,86372,79],{"class":78},[68,86374,9234],{"class":138},[68,86376,142],{"class":78},[68,86378,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,86380,129],{"class":128},[68,86382,79],{"class":78},[68,86384,84673],{"class":128},[68,86386,79],{"class":78},[68,86388,9234],{"class":138},[68,86390,472],{"class":78},[68,86392,26557],{"class":9206},[68,86394,111],{"class":110},[68,86396,3824],{"class":526},[68,86398,142],{"class":78},[68,86400,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,86402,129],{"class":128},[68,86404,79],{"class":78},[68,86406,84673],{"class":128},[68,86408,79],{"class":78},[68,86410,4158],{"class":138},[68,86412,472],{"class":78},[68,86414,21614],{"class":9206},[68,86416,111],{"class":110},[68,86418,11191],{"class":128},[68,86420,142],{"class":78},[20,86422,86423,86424,86427,86428,86430],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86425,86426],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86429,9234],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[93,86432,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,86434,1878,86436,1881],{"id":86435},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86437,84248],{},[20,86439,86440],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1470,86442,1939,86444,84429],{"id":86443},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86445,84248],{},[20,86447,86448],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1470,86450,71660],{"id":71659},[20,86452,86453,52510,86455,84441,86457,36654],{},[15,86454,84248],{},[15,86456,40738],{},[15,86458,82949],{},[1470,86460,1878,86462,86464,86465,1906],{"id":86461},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86463,14873],{}," do in ",[15,86466,84248],{},[20,86468,86469,86471,86472,86474],{},[15,86470,14873],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86473,83502],{}," compares strings by length.",[1470,86476,5221,86478,232,86480,1906],{"id":86477},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86479,84248],{},[15,86481,74438],{},[20,86483,86484,86486,86487,86489],{},[15,86485,84248],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86488,74438],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[93,86491,1952],{"id":1951},[33,86493,86494,86500,86506,86512,86516,86520],{},[36,86495,86496],{},[49,86497,86498,1151],{"href":86276},[15,86499,82594],{},[36,86501,86502],{},[49,86503,86504,1151],{"href":74535},[15,86505,74438],{},[36,86507,86508],{},[49,86509,86510,1151],{"href":42387},[15,86511,42390],{},[36,86513,86514],{},[49,86515,79886],{"href":78390},[36,86517,86518],{},[49,86519,58972],{"href":58971},[36,86521,86522],{},[49,86523,65854],{"href":72892},[1995,86525,86526],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":86528},[86529,86530,86532,86538,86540,86542,86547,86549,86555,86557,86558,86569],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":84732,"depth":125,"text":86531},"What min() does",{"id":84753,"depth":125,"text":84754,"children":86533},[86534,86535,86536,86537],{"id":84838,"depth":145,"text":84841},{"id":84900,"depth":145,"text":84903},{"id":84950,"depth":145,"text":84953},{"id":85044,"depth":145,"text":85047},{"id":85106,"depth":125,"text":86539},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85241,"depth":125,"text":86541},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85388,"depth":125,"text":86543,"children":86544},"Using min() with a key function",[86545,86546],{"id":85416,"depth":145,"text":85417},{"id":85491,"depth":145,"text":85492},{"id":85713,"depth":125,"text":86548},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10773,"depth":125,"text":10774,"children":86550},[86551,86553,86554],{"id":85855,"depth":145,"text":86552},"Empty list without default",{"id":85945,"depth":145,"text":85946},{"id":86098,"depth":145,"text":86099},{"id":86245,"depth":125,"text":86556},"When to use min()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":86559},[86560,86562,86564,86565,86567],{"id":86435,"depth":145,"text":86561},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86443,"depth":145,"text":86563},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71659,"depth":145,"text":71660},{"id":86461,"depth":145,"text":86566},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86477,"depth":145,"text":86568},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84615,"description":86570},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86577,"title":86578,"body":86579,"description":88758,"extension":2033,"meta":88759,"navigation":148,"path":88760,"seo":88761,"stem":88762,"__hash__":88763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86580,"toc":88722},[86581,86584,86590,86596,86598,86679,86688,86692,86697,86699,86744,86746,86826,86832,86834,86837,86869,86871,86889,86891,86964,86966,86985,86989,86992,87028,87030,87097,87171,87244,87249,87253,87259,87262,87279,87282,87284,87345,87347,87367,87373,87377,87380,87450,87453,87472,87477,87553,87556,87560,87566,87570,87575,87645,87649,87654,87728,87732,87735,87810,87821,87825,87830,87920,87925,87993,87996,88015,88026,88030,88033,88038,88041,88103,88106,88117,88122,88125,88128,88133,88136,88139,88143,88146,88152,88155,88166,88168,88230,88245,88251,88254,88257,88268,88279,88285,88288,88290,88352,88362,88368,88373,88379,88383,88389,88392,88413,88415,88420,88447,88450,88477,88480,88519,88522,88560,88563,88624,88627,88629,88633,88636,88640,88646,88654,88662,88666,88669,88673,88679,88681,88719],[10,86582,86578],{"id":86583},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86585,86586,86589],{},[15,86587,86588],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86591,86592,86593,86595],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86594,86588],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[93,86597,2075],{"id":2074},[59,86599,86601],{"className":61,"code":86600,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86602,86603,86652,86668],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86604,86605,86608,86611,86613,86615,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628,86630,86633,86635,86637,86640,86642,86644,86646,86650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86606,86607],{"class":1098},"with",[68,86609,86610],{"class":128}," open",[68,86612,79],{"class":78},[68,86614,344],{"class":114},[68,86616,86617],{"class":118},"example.txt",[68,86619,344],{"class":114},[68,86621,472],{"class":78},[68,86623,115],{"class":114},[68,86625,60522],{"class":118},[68,86627,344],{"class":114},[68,86629,472],{"class":78},[68,86631,86632],{"class":9206}," encoding",[68,86634,111],{"class":110},[68,86636,344],{"class":114},[68,86638,86639],{"class":118},"utf-8",[68,86641,344],{"class":114},[68,86643,1701],{"class":78},[68,86645,47378],{"class":1098},[68,86647,86649],{"class":86648},"sMMDD"," file",[68,86651,1648],{"class":78},[68,86653,86654,86657,86659,86661,86663,86666],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86655,86656],{"class":106},"    content ",[68,86658,111],{"class":110},[68,86660,86649],{"class":86648},[68,86662,236],{"class":78},[68,86664,86665],{"class":138},"read",[68,86667,8677],{"class":78},[68,86669,86670,86672,86674,86677],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,86671,1118],{"class":128},[68,86673,79],{"class":78},[68,86675,86676],{"class":138},"content",[68,86678,85],{"class":78},[20,86680,224,86681,86683,86684,86687],{},[15,86682,86607],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86685,86686],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[93,86689,86691],{"id":86690},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86693,86694,86696],{},[15,86695,86588],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86698,11489],{},[33,86700,86701,86704,86709,86714],{},[36,86702,86703],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,86705,1524,86706,86708],{},[1301,86707,1303],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,86710,17454,86711],{},[1301,86712,86713],{},"file object",[36,86715,86716,86717],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,86718,86719,86724,86729,86734,86739],{},[36,86720,86721],{},[15,86722,86723],{},"read()",[36,86725,86726],{},[15,86727,86728],{},"readline()",[36,86730,86731],{},[15,86732,86733],{},"readlines()",[36,86735,86736],{},[15,86737,86738],{},"write()",[36,86740,86741],{},[15,86742,86743],{},"close()",[20,86745,326],{},[59,86747,86749],{"className":61,"code":86748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86750,86751,86790,86805,86815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86752,86753,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86754,86755],{"class":86648},"file",[68,86757,13308],{"class":110},[68,86759,86610],{"class":128},[68,86761,79],{"class":78},[68,86763,344],{"class":114},[68,86765,86617],{"class":118},[68,86767,344],{"class":114},[68,86769,472],{"class":78},[68,86771,115],{"class":114},[68,86773,60522],{"class":118},[68,86775,344],{"class":114},[68,86777,472],{"class":78},[68,86779,86632],{"class":9206},[68,86781,111],{"class":110},[68,86783,344],{"class":114},[68,86785,86639],{"class":118},[68,86787,344],{"class":114},[68,86789,85],{"class":78},[68,86791,86792,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86793,86794],{"class":106},"content ",[68,86796,111],{"class":110},[68,86798,86649],{"class":86648},[68,86800,236],{"class":78},[68,86802,86665],{"class":138},[68,86804,8677],{"class":78},[68,86806,86807,86809,86811,86813],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,86808,129],{"class":128},[68,86810,79],{"class":78},[68,86812,86676],{"class":138},[68,86814,85],{"class":78},[68,86816,86817,86819,86821,86824],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,86818,86755],{"class":86648},[68,86820,236],{"class":78},[68,86822,86823],{"class":138},"close",[68,86825,8677],{"class":78},[20,86827,86828,86829,86831],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86830,86607],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[93,86833,303],{"id":302},[20,86835,86836],{},"A common form is:",[59,86838,86840],{"className":61,"code":86839,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86841,86842],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86843,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86845,42455],{"class":128},[68,86847,79],{"class":78},[68,86849,86755],{"class":86648},[68,86851,472],{"class":78},[68,86853,86854],{"class":138}," mode",[68,86856,472],{"class":78},[68,86858,86632],{"class":9206},[68,86860,111],{"class":110},[68,86862,344],{"class":114},[68,86864,86639],{"class":118},[68,86866,344],{"class":114},[68,86868,85],{"class":78},[20,86870,65060],{},[33,86872,86873,86878,86883],{},[36,86874,86875,86877],{},[15,86876,86755],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,86879,86880,86882],{},[15,86881,20953],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,86884,86885,86888],{},[15,86886,86887],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86890,326],{},[59,86892,86894],{"className":61,"code":86893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86895,86896,86939,86954],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,86897,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,86899,86607],{"class":1098},[68,86901,86610],{"class":128},[68,86903,79],{"class":78},[68,86905,344],{"class":114},[68,86907,86908],{"class":118},"notes.txt",[68,86910,344],{"class":114},[68,86912,472],{"class":78},[68,86914,115],{"class":114},[68,86916,60522],{"class":118},[68,86918,344],{"class":114},[68,86920,472],{"class":78},[68,86922,86632],{"class":9206},[68,86924,111],{"class":110},[68,86926,344],{"class":114},[68,86928,86639],{"class":118},[68,86930,344],{"class":114},[68,86932,1701],{"class":78},[68,86934,47378],{"class":1098},[68,86936,86649],{"class":86648},[68,86938,1648],{"class":78},[68,86940,86941,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,86942,86943],{"class":106},"    text ",[68,86945,111],{"class":110},[68,86947,86649],{"class":86648},[68,86949,236],{"class":78},[68,86951,86665],{"class":138},[68,86953,8677],{"class":78},[68,86955,86956,86958,86960,86962],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,86957,1118],{"class":128},[68,86959,79],{"class":78},[68,86961,1367],{"class":138},[68,86963,85],{"class":78},[20,86965,19991],{},[33,86967,86968,86974,86979],{},[36,86969,86970,86973],{},[15,86971,86972],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,86975,86976,86978],{},[15,86977,86686],{}," means open for reading",[36,86980,86981,86984],{},[15,86982,86983],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[93,86986,86988],{"id":86987},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86990,86991],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,86993,86994,86999,87005,87010,87016,87022],{},[36,86995,86996,86998],{},[15,86997,86686],{}," = read a text file",[36,87000,87001,87004],{},[15,87002,87003],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,87006,87007,87009],{},[15,87008,18129],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,87011,87012,87015],{},[15,87013,87014],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,87017,87018,87021],{},[15,87019,87020],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,87023,87024,87027],{},[15,87025,87026],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87029,2198],{},[59,87031,87033],{"className":61,"code":87032,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87034,87035,87040,87083],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87036,87037],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87038,87039],{"class":3708},"# Read a text file\n",[68,87041,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87043,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87045,86610],{"class":128},[68,87047,79],{"class":78},[68,87049,344],{"class":114},[68,87051,87052],{"class":118},"data.txt",[68,87054,344],{"class":114},[68,87056,472],{"class":78},[68,87058,115],{"class":114},[68,87060,60522],{"class":118},[68,87062,344],{"class":114},[68,87064,472],{"class":78},[68,87066,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87068,111],{"class":110},[68,87070,344],{"class":114},[68,87072,86639],{"class":118},[68,87074,344],{"class":114},[68,87076,1701],{"class":78},[68,87078,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87080,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87082,1648],{"class":78},[68,87084,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87086,1118],{"class":128},[68,87088,79],{"class":78},[68,87090,86755],{"class":86648},[68,87092,236],{"class":78},[68,87094,86665],{"class":138},[68,87096,7231],{"class":78},[59,87098,87100],{"className":61,"code":87099,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87101,87102,87107,87149],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87103,87104],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87105,87106],{"class":3708},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[68,87108,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87110,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87112,86610],{"class":128},[68,87114,79],{"class":78},[68,87116,344],{"class":114},[68,87118,87052],{"class":118},[68,87120,344],{"class":114},[68,87122,472],{"class":78},[68,87124,115],{"class":114},[68,87126,60505],{"class":118},[68,87128,344],{"class":114},[68,87130,472],{"class":78},[68,87132,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87134,111],{"class":110},[68,87136,344],{"class":114},[68,87138,86639],{"class":118},[68,87140,344],{"class":114},[68,87142,1701],{"class":78},[68,87144,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87146,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87148,1648],{"class":78},[68,87150,87151,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87167,87169],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87152,87153],{"class":86648},"    file",[68,87155,236],{"class":78},[68,87157,70209],{"class":138},[68,87159,79],{"class":78},[68,87161,344],{"class":114},[68,87163,34897],{"class":118},[68,87165,87166],{"class":34486},"\\n",[68,87168,344],{"class":114},[68,87170,85],{"class":78},[59,87172,87174],{"className":61,"code":87173,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87175,87176,87181,87223],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87177,87178],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87179,87180],{"class":3708},"# Append to a text file\n",[68,87182,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87184,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87186,86610],{"class":128},[68,87188,79],{"class":78},[68,87190,344],{"class":114},[68,87192,87052],{"class":118},[68,87194,344],{"class":114},[68,87196,472],{"class":78},[68,87198,115],{"class":114},[68,87200,49],{"class":118},[68,87202,344],{"class":114},[68,87204,472],{"class":78},[68,87206,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87208,111],{"class":110},[68,87210,344],{"class":114},[68,87212,86639],{"class":118},[68,87214,344],{"class":114},[68,87216,1701],{"class":78},[68,87218,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87220,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87222,1648],{"class":78},[68,87224,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87238,87240,87242],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87226,87153],{"class":86648},[68,87228,236],{"class":78},[68,87230,70209],{"class":138},[68,87232,79],{"class":78},[68,87234,344],{"class":114},[68,87236,87237],{"class":118},"Another line",[68,87239,87166],{"class":34486},[68,87241,344],{"class":114},[68,87243,85],{"class":78},[20,87245,69361,87246,87248],{},[15,87247,87003],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[93,87250,87252],{"id":87251},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87254,87255,22010,87257,236],{},[15,87256,86588],{},[1301,87258,86713],{},[20,87260,87261],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,87263,87264,87269,87274],{},[36,87265,87266],{},[15,87267,87268],{},"file.read()",[36,87270,87271],{},[15,87272,87273],{},"file.write()",[36,87275,87276],{},[15,87277,87278],{},"file.close()",[20,87280,87281],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87283,326],{},[59,87285,87287],{"className":61,"code":87286,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87288,87289,87331],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87290,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87292,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87294,86610],{"class":128},[68,87296,79],{"class":78},[68,87298,344],{"class":114},[68,87300,86617],{"class":118},[68,87302,344],{"class":114},[68,87304,472],{"class":78},[68,87306,115],{"class":114},[68,87308,60522],{"class":118},[68,87310,344],{"class":114},[68,87312,472],{"class":78},[68,87314,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87316,111],{"class":110},[68,87318,344],{"class":114},[68,87320,86639],{"class":118},[68,87322,344],{"class":114},[68,87324,1701],{"class":78},[68,87326,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87328,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87330,1648],{"class":78},[68,87332,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87334,1118],{"class":128},[68,87336,79],{"class":78},[68,87338,75],{"class":74},[68,87340,79],{"class":78},[68,87342,86755],{"class":86648},[68,87344,142],{"class":78},[20,87346,30064],{},[59,87348,87350],{"className":61,"code":87349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87351,87352],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87353,87354,87356,87358,87360,87363,87365],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87355,190],{"class":110},[68,87357,194],{"class":193},[68,87359,197],{"class":114},[68,87361,87362],{"class":118},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[68,87364,203],{"class":114},[68,87366,206],{"class":110},[20,87368,87369,87370,87372],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87371,86588],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[93,87374,87376],{"id":87375},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87378,87379],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[59,87381,87382],{"className":61,"code":86600,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,87383,87384,87426,87440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87385,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87387,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87389,86610],{"class":128},[68,87391,79],{"class":78},[68,87393,344],{"class":114},[68,87395,86617],{"class":118},[68,87397,344],{"class":114},[68,87399,472],{"class":78},[68,87401,115],{"class":114},[68,87403,60522],{"class":118},[68,87405,344],{"class":114},[68,87407,472],{"class":78},[68,87409,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87411,111],{"class":110},[68,87413,344],{"class":114},[68,87415,86639],{"class":118},[68,87417,344],{"class":114},[68,87419,1701],{"class":78},[68,87421,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87423,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87425,1648],{"class":78},[68,87427,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87429,86656],{"class":106},[68,87431,111],{"class":110},[68,87433,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87435,236],{"class":78},[68,87437,86665],{"class":138},[68,87439,8677],{"class":78},[68,87441,87442,87444,87446,87448],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87443,1118],{"class":128},[68,87445,79],{"class":78},[68,87447,86676],{"class":138},[68,87449,85],{"class":78},[20,87451,87452],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,87454,87455,87460,87466,87469],{},[36,87456,87457,87459],{},[15,87458,86607],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,87461,87462,87463,87465],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87464,86743],{}," yourself",[36,87467,87468],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,87470,87471],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87473,83765,87474,87476],{},[15,87475,86607],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[59,87478,87479],{"className":61,"code":86748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,87480,87481,87519,87533,87543],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87482,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87484,86755],{"class":86648},[68,87486,13308],{"class":110},[68,87488,86610],{"class":128},[68,87490,79],{"class":78},[68,87492,344],{"class":114},[68,87494,86617],{"class":118},[68,87496,344],{"class":114},[68,87498,472],{"class":78},[68,87500,115],{"class":114},[68,87502,60522],{"class":118},[68,87504,344],{"class":114},[68,87506,472],{"class":78},[68,87508,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87510,111],{"class":110},[68,87512,344],{"class":114},[68,87514,86639],{"class":118},[68,87516,344],{"class":114},[68,87518,85],{"class":78},[68,87520,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87522,86794],{"class":106},[68,87524,111],{"class":110},[68,87526,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87528,236],{"class":78},[68,87530,86665],{"class":138},[68,87532,8677],{"class":78},[68,87534,87535,87537,87539,87541],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87536,129],{"class":128},[68,87538,79],{"class":78},[68,87540,86676],{"class":138},[68,87542,85],{"class":78},[68,87544,87545,87547,87549,87551],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,87546,86755],{"class":86648},[68,87548,236],{"class":78},[68,87550,86823],{"class":138},[68,87552,8677],{"class":78},[20,87554,87555],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[93,87557,87559],{"id":87558},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87561,87562,87563,87565],{},"Use mode ",[15,87564,86686],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1470,87567,87569],{"id":87568},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87571,87572,87574],{},[15,87573,86723],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[59,87576,87577],{"className":61,"code":86600,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,87578,87579,87621,87635],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87580,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87582,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87584,86610],{"class":128},[68,87586,79],{"class":78},[68,87588,344],{"class":114},[68,87590,86617],{"class":118},[68,87592,344],{"class":114},[68,87594,472],{"class":78},[68,87596,115],{"class":114},[68,87598,60522],{"class":118},[68,87600,344],{"class":114},[68,87602,472],{"class":78},[68,87604,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87606,111],{"class":110},[68,87608,344],{"class":114},[68,87610,86639],{"class":118},[68,87612,344],{"class":114},[68,87614,1701],{"class":78},[68,87616,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87618,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87620,1648],{"class":78},[68,87622,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87624,86656],{"class":106},[68,87626,111],{"class":110},[68,87628,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87630,236],{"class":78},[68,87632,86665],{"class":138},[68,87634,8677],{"class":78},[68,87636,87637,87639,87641,87643],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87638,1118],{"class":128},[68,87640,79],{"class":78},[68,87642,86676],{"class":138},[68,87644,85],{"class":78},[1470,87646,87648],{"id":87647},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87650,87651,87653],{},[15,87652,86728],{}," reads one line at a time.",[59,87655,87657],{"className":61,"code":87656,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87658,87659,87701,87717],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87660,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87662,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87664,86610],{"class":128},[68,87666,79],{"class":78},[68,87668,344],{"class":114},[68,87670,86617],{"class":118},[68,87672,344],{"class":114},[68,87674,472],{"class":78},[68,87676,115],{"class":114},[68,87678,60522],{"class":118},[68,87680,344],{"class":114},[68,87682,472],{"class":78},[68,87684,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87686,111],{"class":110},[68,87688,344],{"class":114},[68,87690,86639],{"class":118},[68,87692,344],{"class":114},[68,87694,1701],{"class":78},[68,87696,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87698,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87700,1648],{"class":78},[68,87702,87703,87706,87708,87710,87712,87715],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87704,87705],{"class":106},"    first_line ",[68,87707,111],{"class":110},[68,87709,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87711,236],{"class":78},[68,87713,87714],{"class":138},"readline",[68,87716,8677],{"class":78},[68,87718,87719,87721,87723,87726],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87720,1118],{"class":128},[68,87722,79],{"class":78},[68,87724,87725],{"class":138},"first_line",[68,87727,85],{"class":78},[1470,87729,87731],{"id":87730},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87733,87734],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[59,87736,87738],{"className":61,"code":87737,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87739,87740,87782,87796],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87741,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87743,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87745,86610],{"class":128},[68,87747,79],{"class":78},[68,87749,344],{"class":114},[68,87751,86617],{"class":118},[68,87753,344],{"class":114},[68,87755,472],{"class":78},[68,87757,115],{"class":114},[68,87759,60522],{"class":118},[68,87761,344],{"class":114},[68,87763,472],{"class":78},[68,87765,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87767,111],{"class":110},[68,87769,344],{"class":114},[68,87771,86639],{"class":118},[68,87773,344],{"class":114},[68,87775,1701],{"class":78},[68,87777,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87779,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87781,1648],{"class":78},[68,87783,87784,87787,87790,87792,87794],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87785,87786],{"class":1098},"    for",[68,87788,87789],{"class":106}," line ",[68,87791,3927],{"class":1098},[68,87793,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87795,1648],{"class":78},[68,87797,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87799,47358],{"class":128},[68,87801,79],{"class":78},[68,87803,70],{"class":138},[68,87805,236],{"class":78},[68,87807,8668],{"class":138},[68,87809,7231],{"class":78},[20,87811,87812,87813,384,87817,236],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[49,87814,87816],{"href":87815},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[49,87818,87820],{"href":87819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[93,87822,87824],{"id":87823},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87826,224,87827,87829],{},[15,87828,87003],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[59,87831,87833],{"className":61,"code":87832,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87834,87835,87878,87899],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87836,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87838,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87840,86610],{"class":128},[68,87842,79],{"class":78},[68,87844,344],{"class":114},[68,87846,87847],{"class":118},"output.txt",[68,87849,344],{"class":114},[68,87851,472],{"class":78},[68,87853,115],{"class":114},[68,87855,60505],{"class":118},[68,87857,344],{"class":114},[68,87859,472],{"class":78},[68,87861,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87863,111],{"class":110},[68,87865,344],{"class":114},[68,87867,86639],{"class":118},[68,87869,344],{"class":114},[68,87871,1701],{"class":78},[68,87873,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87875,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87877,1648],{"class":78},[68,87879,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87893,87895,87897],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87881,87153],{"class":86648},[68,87883,236],{"class":78},[68,87885,70209],{"class":138},[68,87887,79],{"class":78},[68,87889,344],{"class":114},[68,87891,87892],{"class":118},"First line",[68,87894,87166],{"class":34486},[68,87896,344],{"class":114},[68,87898,85],{"class":78},[68,87900,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87914,87916,87918],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,87902,87153],{"class":86648},[68,87904,236],{"class":78},[68,87906,70209],{"class":138},[68,87908,79],{"class":78},[68,87910,344],{"class":114},[68,87912,87913],{"class":118},"Second line",[68,87915,87166],{"class":34486},[68,87917,344],{"class":114},[68,87919,85],{"class":78},[20,87921,224,87922,87924],{},[15,87923,18129],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[59,87926,87928],{"className":61,"code":87927,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87929,87930,87972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,87931,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,87933,86607],{"class":1098},[68,87935,86610],{"class":128},[68,87937,79],{"class":78},[68,87939,344],{"class":114},[68,87941,87847],{"class":118},[68,87943,344],{"class":114},[68,87945,472],{"class":78},[68,87947,115],{"class":114},[68,87949,49],{"class":118},[68,87951,344],{"class":114},[68,87953,472],{"class":78},[68,87955,86632],{"class":9206},[68,87957,111],{"class":110},[68,87959,344],{"class":114},[68,87961,86639],{"class":118},[68,87963,344],{"class":114},[68,87965,1701],{"class":78},[68,87967,47378],{"class":1098},[68,87969,86649],{"class":86648},[68,87971,1648],{"class":78},[68,87973,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982,87984,87987,87989,87991],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,87975,87153],{"class":86648},[68,87977,236],{"class":78},[68,87979,70209],{"class":138},[68,87981,79],{"class":78},[68,87983,344],{"class":114},[68,87985,87986],{"class":118},"Third line",[68,87988,87166],{"class":34486},[68,87990,344],{"class":114},[68,87992,85],{"class":78},[20,87994,87995],{},"Important detail:",[33,87997,87998,88003,88010],{},[36,87999,88000,88002],{},[15,88001,86738],{}," writes a string",[36,88004,88005,14086,88007,88009],{},[15,88006,86738],{},[1301,88008,1303],{}," add a newline for you",[36,88011,88012,88013,87465],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88014,87166],{},[20,88016,88017,88018,384,88022,236],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[49,88019,88021],{"href":88020},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[49,88023,88025],{"href":88024},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[93,88027,88029],{"id":88028},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88031,88032],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1470,88034,88036],{"id":88035},"encodingutf-8",[15,88037,86983],{},[20,88039,88040],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[59,88042,88044],{"className":61,"code":88043,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88045,88046,88089],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88047,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88049,86607],{"class":1098},[68,88051,86610],{"class":128},[68,88053,79],{"class":78},[68,88055,344],{"class":114},[68,88057,88058],{"class":118},"message.txt",[68,88060,344],{"class":114},[68,88062,472],{"class":78},[68,88064,115],{"class":114},[68,88066,60522],{"class":118},[68,88068,344],{"class":114},[68,88070,472],{"class":78},[68,88072,86632],{"class":9206},[68,88074,111],{"class":110},[68,88076,344],{"class":114},[68,88078,86639],{"class":118},[68,88080,344],{"class":114},[68,88082,1701],{"class":78},[68,88084,47378],{"class":1098},[68,88086,86649],{"class":86648},[68,88088,1648],{"class":78},[68,88090,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88092,1118],{"class":128},[68,88094,79],{"class":78},[68,88096,86755],{"class":86648},[68,88098,236],{"class":78},[68,88100,86665],{"class":138},[68,88102,7231],{"class":78},[20,88104,88105],{},"Why it matters:",[33,88107,88108,88111,88114],{},[36,88109,88110],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,88112,88113],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,88115,88116],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1470,88118,88120],{"id":88119},"newline",[15,88121,88119],{},[20,88123,88124],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88126,88127],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1470,88129,88131],{"id":88130},"buffering",[15,88132,88130],{},[20,88134,88135],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88137,88138],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[93,88140,88142],{"id":88141},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88144,88145],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1470,88147,88149],{"id":88148},"filenotfounderror",[15,88150,88151],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88153,88154],{},"This happens when:",[33,88156,88157,88160,88163],{},[36,88158,88159],{},"the file does not exist",[36,88161,88162],{},"the path is wrong",[36,88164,88165],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88167,326],{},[59,88169,88171],{"className":61,"code":88170,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88172,88173,88216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88176,86607],{"class":1098},[68,88178,86610],{"class":128},[68,88180,79],{"class":78},[68,88182,344],{"class":114},[68,88184,88185],{"class":118},"missing.txt",[68,88187,344],{"class":114},[68,88189,472],{"class":78},[68,88191,115],{"class":114},[68,88193,60522],{"class":118},[68,88195,344],{"class":114},[68,88197,472],{"class":78},[68,88199,86632],{"class":9206},[68,88201,111],{"class":110},[68,88203,344],{"class":114},[68,88205,86639],{"class":118},[68,88207,344],{"class":114},[68,88209,1701],{"class":78},[68,88211,47378],{"class":1098},[68,88213,86649],{"class":86648},[68,88215,1648],{"class":78},[68,88217,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88219,1118],{"class":128},[68,88221,79],{"class":78},[68,88223,86755],{"class":86648},[68,88225,236],{"class":78},[68,88227,86665],{"class":138},[68,88229,7231],{"class":78},[20,88231,88232,88233,232,88241,236],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[49,88234,88236,88237,88240],{"href":88235},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[68,88238,88239],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[49,88242,88244],{"href":88243},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1470,88246,88248],{"id":88247},"permissionerror",[15,88249,88250],{},"PermissionError",[20,88252,88253],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88255,88256],{},"Example causes:",[33,88258,88259,88262,88265],{},[36,88260,88261],{},"the file is protected",[36,88263,88264],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,88266,88267],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88269,88270,88271],{},"Related page: ",[49,88272,88274,88275,88278],{"href":88273},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[68,88276,88277],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1470,88280,88282],{"id":88281},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88283,88284],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88286,88287],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88289,326],{},[59,88291,88293],{"className":61,"code":88292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88294,88295,88338],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88296,88297,88299,88301,88303,88305,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88298,86607],{"class":1098},[68,88300,86610],{"class":128},[68,88302,79],{"class":78},[68,88304,344],{"class":114},[68,88306,88307],{"class":118},"my_folder",[68,88309,344],{"class":114},[68,88311,472],{"class":78},[68,88313,115],{"class":114},[68,88315,60522],{"class":118},[68,88317,344],{"class":114},[68,88319,472],{"class":78},[68,88321,86632],{"class":9206},[68,88323,111],{"class":110},[68,88325,344],{"class":114},[68,88327,86639],{"class":118},[68,88329,344],{"class":114},[68,88331,1701],{"class":78},[68,88333,47378],{"class":1098},[68,88335,86649],{"class":86648},[68,88337,1648],{"class":78},[68,88339,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88341,1118],{"class":128},[68,88343,79],{"class":78},[68,88345,86755],{"class":86648},[68,88347,236],{"class":78},[68,88349,86665],{"class":138},[68,88351,7231],{"class":78},[20,88353,88270,88354],{},[49,88355,88357,88358,88361],{"href":88356},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[68,88359,88360],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1470,88363,88365],{"id":88364},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88366,88367],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88369,88370,88371,236],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88372,86588],{},[20,88374,88270,88375],{},[49,88376,88378],{"href":88377},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[93,88380,88382],{"id":88381},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88384,88385,88386,88388],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88387,86588],{}," function.",[20,88390,88391],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,88393,88394,88397,88400,88406],{},[36,88395,88396],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,88398,88399],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,88401,88402,88403,88405],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88404,86588],{}," itself",[36,88407,88408,88409],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[49,88410,88412],{"href":88411},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[93,88414,1750],{"id":1749},[20,88416,88417,88418,503],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88419,86588],{},[33,88421,88422,88427,88433,88438,88441,88444],{},[36,88423,633,88424,88426],{},[15,88425,86686],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,88428,88429,88430,88432],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88431,86887],{}," for text files",[36,88434,633,88435,88437],{},[15,88436,87003],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,88439,88440],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,88442,88443],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,88445,88446],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88448,88449],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[59,88451,88453],{"className":61,"code":88452,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88454,88455,88462],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88456,88457,88459],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88458,35121],{"class":1098},[68,88460,88461],{"class":106}," os\n",[68,88463,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88475],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88465,129],{"class":128},[68,88467,79],{"class":78},[68,88469,42654],{"class":138},[68,88471,236],{"class":78},[68,88473,88474],{"class":138},"getcwd",[68,88476,7231],{"class":78},[20,88478,88479],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[59,88481,88483],{"className":61,"code":88482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88484,88485,88491],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88486,88487,88489],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88488,35121],{"class":1098},[68,88490,88461],{"class":106},[68,88492,88493,88495,88497,88499,88501,88504,88506,88509,88511,88513,88515,88517],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88494,129],{"class":128},[68,88496,79],{"class":78},[68,88498,42654],{"class":138},[68,88500,236],{"class":78},[68,88502,88503],{"class":1267},"path",[68,88505,236],{"class":78},[68,88507,88508],{"class":138},"exists",[68,88510,79],{"class":78},[68,88512,344],{"class":114},[68,88514,86617],{"class":118},[68,88516,344],{"class":114},[68,88518,142],{"class":78},[20,88520,88521],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[59,88523,88525],{"className":61,"code":88524,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88526,88527,88533],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88528,88529,88531],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88530,35121],{"class":1098},[68,88532,88461],{"class":106},[68,88534,88535,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88550,88552,88554,88556,88558],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88536,129],{"class":128},[68,88538,79],{"class":78},[68,88540,42654],{"class":138},[68,88542,236],{"class":78},[68,88544,88503],{"class":1267},[68,88546,236],{"class":78},[68,88548,88549],{"class":138},"isfile",[68,88551,79],{"class":78},[68,88553,344],{"class":114},[68,88555,86617],{"class":118},[68,88557,344],{"class":114},[68,88559,142],{"class":78},[20,88561,88562],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[59,88564,88566],{"className":61,"code":88565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88567,88568,88610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88569,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88571,86607],{"class":1098},[68,88573,86610],{"class":128},[68,88575,79],{"class":78},[68,88577,344],{"class":114},[68,88579,86617],{"class":118},[68,88581,344],{"class":114},[68,88583,472],{"class":78},[68,88585,115],{"class":114},[68,88587,60522],{"class":118},[68,88589,344],{"class":114},[68,88591,472],{"class":78},[68,88593,86632],{"class":9206},[68,88595,111],{"class":110},[68,88597,344],{"class":114},[68,88599,86639],{"class":118},[68,88601,344],{"class":114},[68,88603,1701],{"class":78},[68,88605,47378],{"class":1098},[68,88607,86649],{"class":86648},[68,88609,1648],{"class":78},[68,88611,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620,88622],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88613,1118],{"class":128},[68,88615,79],{"class":78},[68,88617,86755],{"class":86648},[68,88619,236],{"class":78},[68,88621,86665],{"class":138},[68,88623,7231],{"class":78},[20,88625,88626],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[93,88628,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,88630,88632],{"id":88631},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88634,88635],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1470,88637,88639],{"id":88638},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88641,88642,88643,88645],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88644,86607],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1470,88647,5221,88649,232,88651,88653],{"id":88648},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88650,87003],{},[15,88652,18129],{}," mode?",[20,88655,88656,88658,88659,88661],{},[15,88657,87003],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88660,18129],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1470,88663,88665],{"id":88664},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88667,88668],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1470,88670,88672],{"id":88671},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88674,88675,88676,88678],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88677,86983],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[93,88680,1952],{"id":1951},[33,88682,88683,88687,88691,88695,88699,88703,88707,88713],{},[36,88684,88685],{},[49,88686,87816],{"href":87815},[36,88688,88689],{},[49,88690,88021],{"href":88020},[36,88692,88693],{},[49,88694,88025],{"href":88024},[36,88696,88697],{},[49,88698,87820],{"href":87819},[36,88700,88701],{},[49,88702,88412],{"href":88411},[36,88704,88705],{},[49,88706,88244],{"href":88243},[36,88708,88709],{},[49,88710,88236,88711,88240],{"href":88235},[68,88712,88239],{},[36,88714,88715],{},[49,88716,88274,88717,88278],{"href":88273},[68,88718,88277],{},[1995,88720,88721],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":88723},[88724,88725,88726,88727,88728,88729,88730,88735,88736,88741,88747,88748,88749,88757],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":86690,"depth":125,"text":86691},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":86987,"depth":125,"text":86988},{"id":87251,"depth":125,"text":87252},{"id":87375,"depth":125,"text":87376},{"id":87558,"depth":125,"text":87559,"children":88731},[88732,88733,88734],{"id":87568,"depth":145,"text":87569},{"id":87647,"depth":145,"text":87648},{"id":87730,"depth":145,"text":87731},{"id":87823,"depth":125,"text":87824},{"id":88028,"depth":125,"text":88029,"children":88737},[88738,88739,88740],{"id":88035,"depth":145,"text":86983},{"id":88119,"depth":145,"text":88119},{"id":88130,"depth":145,"text":88130},{"id":88141,"depth":125,"text":88142,"children":88742},[88743,88744,88745,88746],{"id":88148,"depth":145,"text":88151},{"id":88247,"depth":145,"text":88250},{"id":88281,"depth":145,"text":88284},{"id":88364,"depth":145,"text":88367},{"id":88381,"depth":125,"text":88382},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":88750},[88751,88752,88753,88755,88756],{"id":88631,"depth":145,"text":88632},{"id":88638,"depth":145,"text":88639},{"id":88648,"depth":145,"text":88754},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88664,"depth":145,"text":88665},{"id":88671,"depth":145,"text":88672},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86578,"description":88758},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88765,"title":88766,"body":88767,"description":90762,"extension":2033,"meta":90763,"navigation":148,"path":90764,"seo":90765,"stem":90766,"__hash__":90767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88768,"toc":90709},[88769,88774,88779,88785,88787,88855,88857,88876,88881,88886,88891,88894,88906,88908,88951,88953,88971,88982,88984,88986,89011,89013,89024,89026,89086,89088,89114,89117,89121,89126,89130,89133,89167,89171,89174,89199,89203,89226,89230,89263,89268,89272,89277,89280,89348,89350,89374,89379,89382,89413,89415,89447,89464,89468,89473,89497,89504,89509,89514,89517,89521,89556,89558,89567,89571,89662,89664,89695,89700,89707,89712,89721,89724,89758,89760,89774,89778,89819,89821,89830,89834,89882,89884,89898,89903,89914,89921,89927,89929,89964,89966,89980,89983,90005,90011,90040,90051,90057,90063,90077,90079,90158,90160,90210,90217,90219,90224,90228,90231,90246,90251,90253,90272,90278,90281,90296,90298,90316,90322,90327,90357,90360,90383,90386,90413,90420,90426,90434,90457,90462,90470,90472,90492,90496,90502,90552,90555,90577,90579,90585,90593,90599,90605,90613,90618,90622,90625,90648,90653,90660,90672,90674,90706],[10,88770,13,88772,18],{"id":88771},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88773,46473],{},[20,88775,22,88776,88778],{},[15,88777,46473],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88780,88781,88782,88784],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88783,46473],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[93,88786,2075],{"id":2074},[59,88788,88790],{"className":61,"code":88789,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88791,88792,88804,88813,88817,88827,88837],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88793,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88795,107],{"class":106},[68,88797,111],{"class":110},[68,88799,115],{"class":114},[68,88801,7959],{"class":118},[68,88803,122],{"class":114},[68,88805,88806,88808,88810],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88807,21663],{"class":106},[68,88809,111],{"class":110},[68,88811,88812],{"class":160}," 12\n",[68,88814,88815],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,88816,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,88818,88819,88821,88823,88825],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,88820,129],{"class":128},[68,88822,79],{"class":78},[68,88824,139],{"class":138},[68,88826,85],{"class":78},[68,88828,88829,88831,88833,88835],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,88830,129],{"class":128},[68,88832,79],{"class":78},[68,88834,395],{"class":138},[68,88836,85],{"class":78},[68,88838,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847,88849,88851,88853],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,88840,129],{"class":128},[68,88842,79],{"class":78},[68,88844,344],{"class":114},[68,88846,34897],{"class":118},[68,88848,344],{"class":114},[68,88850,472],{"class":78},[68,88852,36023],{"class":138},[68,88854,85],{"class":78},[20,88856,180],{},[59,88858,88860],{"className":61,"code":88859,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88861,88862,88867,88871],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88863,88864],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88865,88866],{"class":106},"Mia\n",[68,88868,88869],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88870,2292],{"class":160},[68,88872,88873],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,88874,88875],{"class":106},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88877,224,88878,88880],{},[15,88879,46473],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[93,88882,3722,88884,3725],{"id":88883},"what-print-does",[15,88885,46473],{},[20,88887,88888,88890],{},[15,88889,46473],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88892,88893],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,88895,88896,88898,88900,88903],{},[36,88897,1367],{},[36,88899,3693],{},[36,88901,88902],{},"variables",[36,88904,88905],{},"expressions",[20,88907,326],{},[59,88909,88911],{"className":61,"code":88910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88912,88913,88927,88937],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88914,88915,88917,88919,88921,88923,88925],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88916,129],{"class":128},[68,88918,79],{"class":78},[68,88920,344],{"class":114},[68,88922,34897],{"class":118},[68,88924,344],{"class":114},[68,88926,85],{"class":78},[68,88928,88929,88931,88933,88935],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88930,129],{"class":128},[68,88932,79],{"class":78},[68,88934,1497],{"class":160},[68,88936,85],{"class":78},[68,88938,88939,88941,88943,88945,88947,88949],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,88940,129],{"class":128},[68,88942,79],{"class":78},[68,88944,2129],{"class":160},[68,88946,2518],{"class":110},[68,88948,480],{"class":160},[68,88950,85],{"class":78},[20,88952,180],{},[59,88954,88956],{"className":61,"code":88955,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88957,88958,88963,88967],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88959,88960],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88961,88962],{"class":106},"Hello\n",[68,88964,88965],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,88966,3005],{"class":160},[68,88968,88969],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,88970,3005],{"class":160},[20,88972,88973,88974,88976,88977,88981],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88975,46473],{}," ",[1301,88978,3737,88979],{},[15,88980,3824],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[93,88983,303],{"id":302},[20,88985,30759],{},[59,88987,88989],{"className":61,"code":88988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88990,88991],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,88992,88993,88995,88997,89000,89002,89005,89007,89009],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,88994,129],{"class":128},[68,88996,79],{"class":78},[68,88998,88999],{"class":138},"object1",[68,89001,472],{"class":78},[68,89003,89004],{"class":138}," object2",[68,89006,472],{"class":78},[68,89008,34487],{"class":128},[68,89010,85],{"class":78},[20,89012,80216],{},[33,89014,89015,89018,89021],{},[36,89016,89017],{},"one value",[36,89019,89020],{},"many values",[36,89022,89023],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89025,326],{},[59,89027,89029],{"className":61,"code":89028,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89030,89031,89045,89064],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89032,89033,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89034,129],{"class":128},[68,89036,79],{"class":78},[68,89038,344],{"class":114},[68,89040,57784],{"class":118},[68,89042,344],{"class":114},[68,89044,85],{"class":78},[68,89046,89047,89049,89051,89053,89056,89058,89060,89062],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89048,129],{"class":128},[68,89050,79],{"class":78},[68,89052,344],{"class":114},[68,89054,89055],{"class":118},"Score:",[68,89057,344],{"class":114},[68,89059,472],{"class":78},[68,89061,6045],{"class":160},[68,89063,85],{"class":78},[68,89065,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082,89084],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,89067,129],{"class":128},[68,89069,79],{"class":78},[68,89071,344],{"class":114},[68,89073,45589],{"class":118},[68,89075,344],{"class":114},[68,89077,472],{"class":78},[68,89079,2521],{"class":160},[68,89081,2518],{"class":110},[68,89083,37677],{"class":160},[68,89085,85],{"class":78},[20,89087,180],{},[59,89089,89091],{"className":61,"code":89090,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89092,89093,89097,89106],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89094,89095],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89096,85369],{"class":106},[68,89098,89099,89102,89104],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89100,89101],{"class":106},"Score",[68,89103,503],{"class":78},[68,89105,161],{"class":160},[68,89107,89108,89110,89112],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,89109,45629],{"class":106},[68,89111,503],{"class":78},[68,89113,161],{"class":160},[20,89115,89116],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[93,89118,89120],{"id":89119},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89122,89123,89124,236],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89125,46473],{},[1470,89127,89129],{"id":89128},"print-text","Print text",[20,89131,89132],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[59,89134,89136],{"className":61,"code":89135,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89137,89138,89152],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89139,89140,89142,89144,89146,89148,89150],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89141,129],{"class":128},[68,89143,79],{"class":78},[68,89145,344],{"class":114},[68,89147,34897],{"class":118},[68,89149,344],{"class":114},[68,89151,85],{"class":78},[68,89153,89154,89156,89158,89160,89163,89165],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89155,129],{"class":128},[68,89157,79],{"class":78},[68,89159,344],{"class":114},[68,89161,89162],{"class":118},"Python is fun",[68,89164,344],{"class":114},[68,89166,85],{"class":78},[1470,89168,89170],{"id":89169},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89172,89173],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[59,89175,89177],{"className":61,"code":89176,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89178,89179,89189],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89180,89181,89183,89185,89187],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89182,129],{"class":128},[68,89184,79],{"class":78},[68,89186,1497],{"class":160},[68,89188,85],{"class":78},[68,89190,89191,89193,89195,89197],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89192,129],{"class":128},[68,89194,79],{"class":78},[68,89196,453],{"class":160},[68,89198,85],{"class":78},[1470,89200,89202],{"id":89201},"print-variables","Print variables",[59,89204,89206],{"className":61,"code":89205,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89207,89208,89216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89209,89210,89212,89214],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89211,5140],{"class":106},[68,89213,111],{"class":110},[68,89215,14163],{"class":160},[68,89217,89218,89220,89222,89224],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89219,129],{"class":128},[68,89221,79],{"class":78},[68,89223,85533],{"class":138},[68,89225,85],{"class":78},[1470,89227,89229],{"id":89228},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[59,89231,89233],{"className":61,"code":89232,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89234,89235,89249],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89236,89237,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89238,129],{"class":128},[68,89240,79],{"class":78},[68,89242,2129],{"class":160},[68,89244,2518],{"class":110},[68,89246,480],{"class":160},[68,89248,85],{"class":78},[68,89250,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89252,129],{"class":128},[68,89254,79],{"class":78},[68,89256,438],{"class":160},[68,89258,82845],{"class":110},[68,89260,2521],{"class":160},[68,89262,85],{"class":78},[20,89264,89265,89266,236],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[49,89267,50991],{"href":50990},[93,89269,89271],{"id":89270},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89273,89274,89276],{},[15,89275,46473],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89278,89279],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[59,89281,89283],{"className":61,"code":89282,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89284,89285,89298,89306,89310,89329],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89286,89287,89289,89291,89293,89296],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89288,107],{"class":106},[68,89290,111],{"class":110},[68,89292,115],{"class":114},[68,89294,89295],{"class":118},"Ava",[68,89297,122],{"class":114},[68,89299,89300,89302,89304],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89301,21663],{"class":106},[68,89303,111],{"class":110},[68,89305,161],{"class":160},[68,89307,89308],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,89309,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,89311,89312,89314,89316,89318,89321,89323,89325,89327],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,89313,129],{"class":128},[68,89315,79],{"class":78},[68,89317,344],{"class":114},[68,89319,89320],{"class":118},"Name:",[68,89322,344],{"class":114},[68,89324,472],{"class":78},[68,89326,36023],{"class":138},[68,89328,85],{"class":78},[68,89330,89331,89333,89335,89337,89340,89342,89344,89346],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,89332,129],{"class":128},[68,89334,79],{"class":78},[68,89336,344],{"class":114},[68,89338,89339],{"class":118},"Age:",[68,89341,344],{"class":114},[68,89343,472],{"class":78},[68,89345,9219],{"class":138},[68,89347,85],{"class":78},[20,89349,180],{},[59,89351,89353],{"className":61,"code":89352,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89354,89355,89365],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89356,89357,89360,89362],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89358,89359],{"class":106},"Name",[68,89361,503],{"class":78},[68,89363,89364],{"class":106}," Ava\n",[68,89366,89367,89370,89372],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89368,89369],{"class":106},"Age",[68,89371,503],{"class":78},[68,89373,161],{"class":160},[20,89375,89376,89377,236],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89378,2132],{},[20,89380,89381],{},"For example, this works:",[59,89383,89385],{"className":61,"code":89384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89386,89387,89395],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89388,89389,89391,89393],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89390,21663],{"class":106},[68,89392,111],{"class":110},[68,89394,161],{"class":160},[68,89396,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89398,129],{"class":128},[68,89400,79],{"class":78},[68,89402,344],{"class":114},[68,89404,89339],{"class":118},[68,89406,344],{"class":114},[68,89408,472],{"class":78},[68,89410,9219],{"class":138},[68,89412,85],{"class":78},[20,89414,36959],{},[59,89416,89418],{"className":61,"code":89417,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89419,89420,89428],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89421,89422,89424,89426],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89423,21663],{"class":106},[68,89425,111],{"class":110},[68,89427,161],{"class":160},[68,89429,89430,89432,89434,89436,89439,89441,89443,89445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89431,129],{"class":128},[68,89433,79],{"class":78},[68,89435,344],{"class":114},[68,89437,89438],{"class":118},"Age: ",[68,89440,344],{"class":114},[68,89442,2518],{"class":110},[68,89444,9219],{"class":138},[68,89446,85],{"class":78},[20,89448,89449,89450,89453,89454,89456,89457,89459,89460,236],{},"That fails because ",[15,89451,89452],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89455,395],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89458,2132],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[49,89461,89462],{"href":1444},[15,89463,1447],{},[93,89465,89467],{"id":89466},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89469,89470,89472],{},[15,89471,46473],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,89474,89475,89481,89486,89491],{},[36,89476,89477,89480],{},[15,89478,89479],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,89482,89483,89485],{},[15,89484,52676],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,89487,89488,89490],{},[15,89489,86755],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,89492,89493,89496],{},[15,89494,89495],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89498,89499,89500,232,89502,236],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89501,89479],{},[15,89503,52676],{},[93,89505,89507,36648],{"id":89506},"sep-argument",[15,89508,89479],{},[20,89510,2050,89511,89513],{},[15,89512,89479],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89515,89516],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1470,89518,89520],{"id":89519},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[59,89522,89524],{"className":61,"code":89523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89525,89526],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89527,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89529,129],{"class":128},[68,89531,79],{"class":78},[68,89533,344],{"class":114},[68,89535,13125],{"class":118},[68,89537,344],{"class":114},[68,89539,472],{"class":78},[68,89541,115],{"class":114},[68,89543,17488],{"class":118},[68,89545,344],{"class":114},[68,89547,472],{"class":78},[68,89549,115],{"class":114},[68,89551,13142],{"class":118},[68,89553,344],{"class":114},[68,89555,85],{"class":78},[20,89557,180],{},[59,89559,89561],{"className":61,"code":89560,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"red green blue\n",[15,89562,89563],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89564,89565],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89566,89560],{"class":106},[1470,89568,89570],{"id":89569},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[59,89572,89574],{"className":61,"code":89573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89575,89576,89619],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89577,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89579,129],{"class":128},[68,89581,79],{"class":78},[68,89583,344],{"class":114},[68,89585,13125],{"class":118},[68,89587,344],{"class":114},[68,89589,472],{"class":78},[68,89591,115],{"class":114},[68,89593,17488],{"class":118},[68,89595,344],{"class":114},[68,89597,472],{"class":78},[68,89599,115],{"class":114},[68,89601,13142],{"class":118},[68,89603,344],{"class":114},[68,89605,472],{"class":78},[68,89607,89608],{"class":9206}," sep",[68,89610,111],{"class":110},[68,89612,344],{"class":114},[68,89614,472],{"class":118},[68,89616,344],{"class":114},[68,89618,85],{"class":78},[68,89620,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655,89658,89660],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89622,129],{"class":128},[68,89624,79],{"class":78},[68,89626,344],{"class":114},[68,89628,13125],{"class":118},[68,89630,344],{"class":114},[68,89632,472],{"class":78},[68,89634,115],{"class":114},[68,89636,17488],{"class":118},[68,89638,344],{"class":114},[68,89640,472],{"class":78},[68,89642,115],{"class":114},[68,89644,13142],{"class":118},[68,89646,344],{"class":114},[68,89648,472],{"class":78},[68,89650,89608],{"class":9206},[68,89652,111],{"class":110},[68,89654,344],{"class":114},[68,89656,89657],{"class":118}," - ",[68,89659,344],{"class":114},[68,89661,85],{"class":78},[20,89663,180],{},[59,89665,89667],{"className":61,"code":89666,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89668,89669,89681],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89670,89671,89673,89675,89677,89679],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89672,13125],{"class":106},[68,89674,472],{"class":78},[68,89676,17488],{"class":106},[68,89678,472],{"class":78},[68,89680,69995],{"class":106},[68,89682,89683,89686,89688,89691,89693],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89684,89685],{"class":106},"red ",[68,89687,2094],{"class":110},[68,89689,89690],{"class":106}," green ",[68,89692,2094],{"class":110},[68,89694,35912],{"class":106},[20,89696,89697,89699],{},[15,89698,89479],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89701,89702,89703,236],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[49,89704,89706],{"href":89705},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[93,89708,89710,36648],{"id":89709},"end-argument",[15,89711,52676],{},[20,89713,89714,89715,89717,89718,89720],{},"By default, ",[15,89716,46473],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89719,46473],{}," starts on a new line.",[1470,89722,89520],{"id":89723},"default-behavior-1",[59,89725,89727],{"className":61,"code":89726,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89728,89729,89743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89730,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89732,129],{"class":128},[68,89734,79],{"class":78},[68,89736,344],{"class":114},[68,89738,34897],{"class":118},[68,89740,344],{"class":114},[68,89742,85],{"class":78},[68,89744,89745,89747,89749,89751,89754,89756],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89746,129],{"class":128},[68,89748,79],{"class":78},[68,89750,344],{"class":114},[68,89752,89753],{"class":118},"World",[68,89755,344],{"class":114},[68,89757,85],{"class":78},[20,89759,180],{},[59,89761,89763],{"className":61,"code":89762,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89764,89765,89769],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89766,89767],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89768,88962],{"class":106},[68,89770,89771],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89772,89773],{"class":106},"World\n",[1470,89775,89777],{"id":89776},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[59,89779,89781],{"className":61,"code":89780,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89782,89783,89805],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89784,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801,89803],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89786,129],{"class":128},[68,89788,79],{"class":78},[68,89790,344],{"class":114},[68,89792,34897],{"class":118},[68,89794,344],{"class":114},[68,89796,472],{"class":78},[68,89798,65055],{"class":9206},[68,89800,111],{"class":110},[68,89802,6313],{"class":114},[68,89804,85],{"class":78},[68,89806,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89808,129],{"class":128},[68,89810,79],{"class":78},[68,89812,344],{"class":114},[68,89814,89753],{"class":118},[68,89816,344],{"class":114},[68,89818,85],{"class":78},[20,89820,180],{},[59,89822,89824],{"className":61,"code":89823,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89825,89826],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89827,89828],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89829,89823],{"class":106},[1470,89831,89833],{"id":89832},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[59,89835,89837],{"className":61,"code":89836,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89838,89839,89868],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89840,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89862,89864,89866],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89842,129],{"class":128},[68,89844,79],{"class":78},[68,89846,344],{"class":114},[68,89848,34897],{"class":118},[68,89850,344],{"class":114},[68,89852,472],{"class":78},[68,89854,65055],{"class":9206},[68,89856,111],{"class":110},[68,89858,344],{"class":114},[68,89860,89861],{"class":118},"!",[68,89863,87166],{"class":34486},[68,89865,344],{"class":114},[68,89867,85],{"class":78},[68,89869,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89871,129],{"class":128},[68,89873,79],{"class":78},[68,89875,344],{"class":114},[68,89877,89753],{"class":118},[68,89879,344],{"class":114},[68,89881,85],{"class":78},[20,89883,180],{},[59,89885,89887],{"className":61,"code":89886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89888,89889,89894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89890,89891],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89892,89893],{"class":106},"Hello!\n",[68,89895,89896],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89897,89773],{"class":106},[20,89899,2050,89900,89902],{},[15,89901,52676],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,89904,89905,89908,89911],{},[36,89906,89907],{},"progress messages",[36,89909,89910],{},"inline output",[36,89912,89913],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[93,89915,89917,1541,89919],{"id":89916},"print-returns-none",[15,89918,46473],{},[15,89920,3824],{},[20,89922,89923,89924,89926],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89925,46473],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89928,326],{},[59,89930,89932],{"className":61,"code":89931,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89933,89934,89954],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89935,89936,89938,89940,89943,89945,89947,89950,89952],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89937,2297],{"class":106},[68,89939,111],{"class":110},[68,89941,89942],{"class":128}," print",[68,89944,79],{"class":78},[68,89946,344],{"class":114},[68,89948,89949],{"class":118},"Hi",[68,89951,344],{"class":114},[68,89953,85],{"class":78},[68,89955,89956,89958,89960,89962],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89957,129],{"class":128},[68,89959,79],{"class":78},[68,89961,2331],{"class":138},[68,89963,85],{"class":78},[20,89965,180],{},[59,89967,89969],{"className":61,"code":89968,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89970,89971,89976],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,89972,89973],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,89974,89975],{"class":106},"Hi\n",[68,89977,89978],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,89979,11840],{"class":526},[20,89981,89982],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,89984,89985,89993,89998],{},[36,89986,89987,89990,89991],{},[15,89988,89989],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89992,89949],{},[36,89994,89995,89996],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89997,3824],{},[36,89999,90000,90001,11952,90003],{},"so ",[15,90002,2331],{},[15,90004,3824],{},[20,90006,90007,90008,90010],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90009,46473],{}," call.",[59,90012,90014],{"className":61,"code":90013,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90015,90016,90029],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90017,90018,90021,90023,90025,90027],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90019,90020],{"class":106},"message ",[68,90022,111],{"class":110},[68,90024,115],{"class":114},[68,90026,89949],{"class":118},[68,90028,122],{"class":114},[68,90030,90031,90033,90035,90038],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90032,129],{"class":128},[68,90034,79],{"class":78},[68,90036,90037],{"class":138},"message",[68,90039,85],{"class":78},[20,90041,90042,90043,90045,90046,90050],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90044,46473],{}," with functions like ",[49,90047,90048],{"href":51},[15,90049,54],{},", which do return a value.",[93,90052,90054,90055],{"id":90053},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90056,46473],{},[20,90058,90059,90060,90062],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90061,46473],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,90064,90065,90068,90071,90074],{},[36,90066,90067],{},"to display results to the user",[36,90069,90070],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,90072,90073],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,90075,90076],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90078,326],{},[59,90080,90082],{"className":61,"code":90081,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90083,90084,90092,90096,90116,90127],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90085,90086,90088,90090],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90087,41214],{"class":106},[68,90089,111],{"class":110},[68,90091,38547],{"class":160},[68,90093,90094],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90095,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,90097,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,90099,5998],{"class":1098},[68,90101,6428],{"class":106},[68,90103,3927],{"class":1098},[68,90105,54086],{"class":128},[68,90107,79],{"class":78},[68,90109,469],{"class":160},[68,90111,472],{"class":78},[68,90113,2521],{"class":160},[68,90115,1113],{"class":78},[68,90117,90118,90121,90124],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,90119,90120],{"class":106},"    total ",[68,90122,90123],{"class":110},"+=",[68,90125,90126],{"class":106}," number\n",[68,90128,90129,90131,90133,90135,90138,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,90130,1118],{"class":128},[68,90132,79],{"class":78},[68,90134,344],{"class":114},[68,90136,90137],{"class":118},"Current number:",[68,90139,344],{"class":114},[68,90141,472],{"class":78},[68,90143,2265],{"class":138},[68,90145,472],{"class":78},[68,90147,115],{"class":114},[68,90149,45589],{"class":118},[68,90151,344],{"class":114},[68,90153,472],{"class":78},[68,90155,45596],{"class":138},[68,90157,85],{"class":78},[20,90159,180],{},[59,90161,90163],{"className":61,"code":90162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90164,90165,90181,90195],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90166,90167,90170,90172,90174,90177,90179],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90168,90169],{"class":106},"Current number",[68,90171,503],{"class":78},[68,90173,5539],{"class":160},[68,90175,90176],{"class":106}," Total",[68,90178,503],{"class":78},[68,90180,29649],{"class":160},[68,90182,90183,90185,90187,90189,90191,90193],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90184,90169],{"class":106},[68,90186,503],{"class":78},[68,90188,475],{"class":160},[68,90190,90176],{"class":106},[68,90192,503],{"class":78},[68,90194,2641],{"class":160},[68,90196,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,90198,90169],{"class":106},[68,90200,503],{"class":78},[68,90202,480],{"class":160},[68,90204,90176],{"class":106},[68,90206,503],{"class":78},[68,90208,90209],{"class":160}," 6\n",[20,90211,90212,90213,236],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[49,90214,90216],{"href":90215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[93,90218,1750],{"id":1749},[20,90220,90221,90222,236],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90223,46473],{},[1470,90225,90227],{"id":90226},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90229,90230],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[59,90232,90234],{"className":61,"code":90233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90235,90236],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90237,90238,90240,90242,90244],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90239,129],{"class":128},[68,90241,79],{"class":78},[68,90243,34897],{"class":138},[68,90245,85],{"class":78},[20,90247,8909,90248,90250],{},[15,90249,34897],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90252,10837],{},[59,90254,90256],{"className":61,"code":90255,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90257,90258],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90259,90260,90262,90264,90266,90268,90270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90261,129],{"class":128},[68,90263,79],{"class":78},[68,90265,344],{"class":114},[68,90267,34897],{"class":118},[68,90269,344],{"class":114},[68,90271,85],{"class":78},[1470,90273,633,90275,90277],{"id":90274},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90276,129],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90279,90280],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[59,90282,90284],{"className":61,"code":90283,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90285,90286],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90287,90288,90290,90292,90294],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90289,129],{"class":128},[68,90291,115],{"class":114},[68,90293,34897],{"class":118},[68,90295,122],{"class":114},[20,90297,10837],{},[59,90299,90300],{"className":61,"code":90255,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,90301,90302],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90303,90304,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90305,129],{"class":128},[68,90307,79],{"class":78},[68,90309,344],{"class":114},[68,90311,34897],{"class":118},[68,90313,344],{"class":114},[68,90315,85],{"class":78},[1470,90317,90319,90320],{"id":90318},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90321,2132],{},[20,90323,90324,90325,236],{},"This causes a ",[15,90326,3060],{},[59,90328,90329],{"className":61,"code":89417,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,90330,90331,90339],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90332,90333,90335,90337],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90334,21663],{"class":106},[68,90336,111],{"class":110},[68,90338,161],{"class":160},[68,90340,90341,90343,90345,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90342,129],{"class":128},[68,90344,79],{"class":78},[68,90346,344],{"class":114},[68,90348,89438],{"class":118},[68,90350,344],{"class":114},[68,90352,2518],{"class":110},[68,90354,9219],{"class":138},[68,90356,85],{"class":78},[20,90358,90359],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[59,90361,90363],{"className":61,"code":90362,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90364,90365],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90366,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379,90381],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90368,129],{"class":128},[68,90370,79],{"class":78},[68,90372,344],{"class":114},[68,90374,89339],{"class":118},[68,90376,344],{"class":114},[68,90378,472],{"class":78},[68,90380,9219],{"class":138},[68,90382,85],{"class":78},[20,90384,90385],{},"Or convert the number first:",[59,90387,90389],{"className":61,"code":90388,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90390,90391],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90392,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401,90403,90405,90407,90409,90411],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90394,129],{"class":128},[68,90396,79],{"class":78},[68,90398,344],{"class":114},[68,90400,89438],{"class":118},[68,90402,344],{"class":114},[68,90404,2518],{"class":110},[68,90406,1625],{"class":74},[68,90408,79],{"class":78},[68,90410,395],{"class":138},[68,90412,142],{"class":78},[20,90414,90415,90416,236],{},"If you see this error, read ",[49,90417,90419],{"href":90418},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1470,90421,1770,90423,90425],{"id":90422},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90424,46473],{}," to return a value",[20,90427,90428,90429,35360,90432,503],{},"This does not store ",[15,90430,90431],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90433,2331],{},[59,90435,90437],{"className":61,"code":90436,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90438,90439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90440,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90442,2297],{"class":106},[68,90444,111],{"class":110},[68,90446,89942],{"class":128},[68,90448,79],{"class":78},[68,90450,344],{"class":114},[68,90452,34897],{"class":118},[68,90454,344],{"class":114},[68,90456,85],{"class":78},[20,90458,90459,90460,236],{},"It stores ",[15,90461,3824],{},[1470,90463,90465,90466,232,90468],{"id":90464},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90467,89479],{},[15,90469,52676],{},[20,90471,85825],{},[33,90473,90474,90483],{},[36,90475,90476,90478,90479,90482],{},[15,90477,89479],{}," changes what goes ",[1301,90480,90481],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,90484,90485,90487,90488,90491],{},[15,90486,52676],{}," changes what appears ",[1301,90489,90490],{},"after"," the output",[93,90493,90495],{"id":90494},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90497,90498,90499,90501],{},"These simple ",[15,90500,46473],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[59,90503,90505],{"className":61,"code":90504,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90506,90507,90527,90542],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90508,90509,90511,90513,90515,90518,90520,90522,90525],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90510,129],{"class":128},[68,90512,79],{"class":78},[68,90514,344],{"class":114},[68,90516,90517],{"class":118},"Debug:",[68,90519,344],{"class":114},[68,90521,472],{"class":78},[68,90523,90524],{"class":138}," variable_name",[68,90526,85],{"class":78},[68,90528,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90540],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90530,129],{"class":128},[68,90532,79],{"class":78},[68,90534,75],{"class":74},[68,90536,79],{"class":78},[68,90538,90539],{"class":138},"variable_name",[68,90541,142],{"class":78},[68,90543,90544,90546,90548,90550],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,90545,1850],{"class":128},[68,90547,79],{"class":78},[68,90549,129],{"class":128},[68,90551,85],{"class":78},[20,90553,90554],{},"What they do:",[33,90556,90557,90563,90569],{},[36,90558,90559,90562],{},[15,90560,90561],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,90564,90565,90568],{},[15,90566,90567],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,90570,90571,90574,90575],{},[15,90572,90573],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90576,46473],{},[93,90578,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,90580,12736,90582,90584],{"id":90581},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90583,46473],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90586,90587,90588,90590,90591,36654],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90589,46473],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90592,52676],{},[1470,90594,1939,90596,90598],{"id":90595},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90597,46473],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90600,90601,90602,90604],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90603,46473],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1470,90606,1919,90608,5203,90611,1906],{"id":90607},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90609,90610],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90612,3824],{},[20,90614,1928,90615,90617],{},[15,90616,46473],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1470,90619,90621],{"id":90620},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90623,90624],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[59,90626,90628],{"className":61,"code":90627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90629,90630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90631,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640,90642,90644,90646],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90633,129],{"class":128},[68,90635,79],{"class":78},[68,90637,344],{"class":114},[68,90639,89339],{"class":118},[68,90641,344],{"class":114},[68,90643,472],{"class":78},[68,90645,6045],{"class":160},[68,90647,85],{"class":78},[20,90649,90650,90651,39964],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90652,1447],{},[1470,90654,5221,90656,232,90658,1906],{"id":90655},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90657,89479],{},[15,90659,52676],{},[33,90661,90662,90667],{},[36,90663,90664,90666],{},[15,90665,89479],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,90668,90669,90671],{},[15,90670,52676],{}," changes what appears after the output",[93,90673,1952],{"id":1951},[33,90675,90676,90680,90686,90692,90697,90702],{},[36,90677,90678],{},[49,90679,50991],{"href":50990},[36,90681,90682],{},[49,90683,13,90684,1151],{"href":51},[15,90685,54],{},[36,90687,90688],{},[49,90689,13,90690,1151],{"href":1444},[15,90691,1447],{},[36,90693,90694],{},[49,90695,90696],{"href":89705},"How to format strings in Python",[36,90698,90699],{},[49,90700,90701],{"href":90215},"How to debug Python code",[36,90703,90704],{},[49,90705,90419],{"href":90418},[1995,90707,90708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":90710},[90711,90712,90714,90715,90721,90722,90723,90728,90734,90736,90738,90749,90750,90761],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":88883,"depth":125,"text":90713},"What print() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":89119,"depth":125,"text":89120,"children":90716},[90717,90718,90719,90720],{"id":89128,"depth":145,"text":89129},{"id":89169,"depth":145,"text":89170},{"id":89201,"depth":145,"text":89202},{"id":89228,"depth":145,"text":89229},{"id":89270,"depth":125,"text":89271},{"id":89466,"depth":125,"text":89467},{"id":89506,"depth":125,"text":90724,"children":90725},"sep argument",[90726,90727],{"id":89519,"depth":145,"text":89520},{"id":89569,"depth":145,"text":89570},{"id":89709,"depth":125,"text":90729,"children":90730},"end argument",[90731,90732,90733],{"id":89723,"depth":145,"text":89520},{"id":89776,"depth":145,"text":89777},{"id":89832,"depth":145,"text":89833},{"id":89916,"depth":125,"text":90735},"print() returns None",{"id":90053,"depth":125,"text":90737},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":90739},[90740,90741,90743,90745,90747],{"id":90226,"depth":145,"text":90227},{"id":90274,"depth":145,"text":90742},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90318,"depth":145,"text":90744},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90422,"depth":145,"text":90746},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90464,"depth":145,"text":90748},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90494,"depth":125,"text":90495},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":90751},[90752,90754,90756,90758,90759],{"id":90581,"depth":145,"text":90753},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90595,"depth":145,"text":90755},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90607,"depth":145,"text":90757},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90620,"depth":145,"text":90621},{"id":90655,"depth":145,"text":90760},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88766,"description":90762},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90769,"title":90770,"body":90771,"description":93075,"extension":2033,"meta":93076,"navigation":148,"path":93077,"seo":93078,"stem":93079,"__hash__":93080},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90772,"toc":93021},[90773,90778,90783,90796,90798,90863,90874,90879,90884,90886,90909,90912,90943,90945,90962,90967,90973,90978,91027,91030,91047,91053,91058,91081,91083,91111,91117,91125,91152,91154,91179,91185,91188,91219,91221,91250,91254,91257,91262,91284,91286,91314,91320,91326,91352,91354,91378,91384,91390,91420,91422,91450,91460,91464,91470,91503,91505,91534,91537,91540,91573,91575,91583,91589,91591,91614,91619,91628,91633,91647,91649,91689,91691,91721,91725,91760,91766,91770,91814,91816,91846,91852,91855,91934,91936,91958,91966,91969,92032,92040,92115,92121,92128,92133,92138,92161,92163,92184,92186,92199,92201,92248,92250,92289,92298,92300,92304,92308,92311,92338,92341,92370,92373,92397,92400,92408,92414,92436,92438,92466,92470,92475,92530,92535,92537,92594,92601,92610,92613,92645,92647,92655,92658,92664,92666,92689,92692,92698,92701,92720,92722,92741,92744,92766,92768,92796,92800,92804,92909,92911,92924,92926,92932,92935,92943,92948,92954,92960,92965,92973,92979,92986,92988,93018],[10,90774,13,90776,18],{"id":90775},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90777,36230],{},[20,90779,22,90780,90782],{},[15,90781,36230],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90784,90785,90786,90788,90789,90791,90792,90795],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90787,5998],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90790,36230],{}," stops ",[1301,90793,90794],{},"before"," the end value.",[93,90797,2075],{"id":2074},[59,90799,90801],{"className":61,"code":90800,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90802,90803,90819,90829,90833,90838,90843,90848,90853,90858],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90804,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90806,5998],{"class":1098},[68,90808,69562],{"class":106},[68,90810,3927],{"class":1098},[68,90812,54086],{"class":128},[68,90814,79],{"class":78},[68,90816,1497],{"class":160},[68,90818,1113],{"class":78},[68,90820,90821,90823,90825,90827],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90822,1118],{"class":128},[68,90824,79],{"class":78},[68,90826,36186],{"class":138},[68,90828,85],{"class":78},[68,90830,90831],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,90832,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,90834,90835],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,90836,90837],{"class":3708},"# Output:\n",[68,90839,90840],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,90841,90842],{"class":3708},"# 0\n",[68,90844,90845],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,90846,90847],{"class":3708},"# 1\n",[68,90849,90850],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,90851,90852],{"class":3708},"# 2\n",[68,90854,90855],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,90856,90857],{"class":3708},"# 3\n",[68,90859,90860],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,90861,90862],{"class":3708},"# 4\n",[20,90864,90865,90868,90869,90871,90872,236],{},[15,90866,90867],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90870,2192],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90873,1497],{},[93,90875,3722,90877,3725],{"id":90876},"what-range-does",[15,90878,36230],{},[20,90880,90881,90883],{},[15,90882,36230],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90885,13084],{},[33,90887,90888,90893,90899,90904],{},[36,90889,90890,90892],{},[15,90891,36230],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,90894,90895,90896,90898],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90897,5998],{}," loops",[36,90900,90901,90902],{},"The stop value is ",[1301,90903,65084],{},[36,90905,17454,90906,90908],{},[15,90907,60015],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90910,90911],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[59,90913,90915],{"className":61,"code":90914,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90916,90917,90933],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90918,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90931],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90920,5998],{"class":1098},[68,90922,6428],{"class":106},[68,90924,3927],{"class":1098},[68,90926,54086],{"class":128},[68,90928,79],{"class":78},[68,90930,2135],{"class":160},[68,90932,1113],{"class":78},[68,90934,90935,90937,90939,90941],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90936,1118],{"class":128},[68,90938,79],{"class":78},[68,90940,175],{"class":138},[68,90942,85],{"class":78},[20,90944,180],{},[59,90946,90948],{"className":61,"code":90947,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90949,90950,90954,90958],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90951,90952],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90953,47272],{"class":160},[68,90955,90956],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90957,46937],{"class":160},[68,90959,90960],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,90961,17089],{"class":160},[20,90963,90964,90965,236],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[49,90966,36060],{"href":36059},[93,90968,90970,90972],{"id":90969},"range-syntax",[15,90971,36230],{}," syntax",[20,90974,90975,90977],{},[15,90976,36230],{}," has three common forms:",[59,90979,90981],{"className":61,"code":90980,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90982,90983,90993,91008],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,90984,90985,90987,90989,90991],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,90986,60015],{"class":128},[68,90988,79],{"class":78},[68,90990,75440],{"class":138},[68,90992,85],{"class":78},[68,90994,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91006],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,90996,60015],{"class":128},[68,90998,79],{"class":78},[68,91000,36104],{"class":138},[68,91002,472],{"class":78},[68,91004,91005],{"class":138}," stop",[68,91007,85],{"class":78},[68,91009,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91025],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,91011,60015],{"class":128},[68,91013,79],{"class":78},[68,91015,36104],{"class":138},[68,91017,472],{"class":78},[68,91019,91005],{"class":138},[68,91021,472],{"class":78},[68,91023,91024],{"class":138}," step",[68,91026,85],{"class":78},[20,91028,91029],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,91031,91032,91037,91042],{},[36,91033,91034,91036],{},[15,91035,36104],{}," = first number",[36,91038,91039,91041],{},[15,91040,75440],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,91043,91044,91046],{},[15,91045,75443],{}," = amount to move each time",[1470,91048,91050],{"id":91049},"rangestop",[15,91051,91052],{},"range(stop)",[20,91054,91055,91056,236],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91057,2192],{},[59,91059,91061],{"className":61,"code":91060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91062,91063],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91064,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91066,129],{"class":128},[68,91068,79],{"class":78},[68,91070,274],{"class":74},[68,91072,79],{"class":78},[68,91074,60015],{"class":128},[68,91076,79],{"class":78},[68,91078,1497],{"class":160},[68,91080,2970],{"class":78},[20,91082,180],{},[59,91084,91085],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91086,91087],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91088,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91090,795],{"class":78},[68,91092,2192],{"class":160},[68,91094,472],{"class":78},[68,91096,5539],{"class":160},[68,91098,472],{"class":78},[68,91100,475],{"class":160},[68,91102,472],{"class":78},[68,91104,480],{"class":160},[68,91106,472],{"class":78},[68,91108,2521],{"class":160},[68,91110,730],{"class":78},[1470,91112,91114],{"id":91113},"rangestart-stop",[15,91115,91116],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91118,91119,91120,91122,91123,236],{},"This starts at ",[15,91121,36104],{}," and stops before ",[15,91124,75440],{},[59,91126,91128],{"className":61,"code":91127,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91129,91130],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91131,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91133,129],{"class":128},[68,91135,79],{"class":78},[68,91137,274],{"class":74},[68,91139,79],{"class":78},[68,91141,60015],{"class":128},[68,91143,79],{"class":78},[68,91145,2129],{"class":160},[68,91147,472],{"class":78},[68,91149,37677],{"class":160},[68,91151,2970],{"class":78},[20,91153,180],{},[59,91155,91157],{"className":61,"code":91156,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91158,91159],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91160,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91162,795],{"class":78},[68,91164,2129],{"class":160},[68,91166,472],{"class":78},[68,91168,480],{"class":160},[68,91170,472],{"class":78},[68,91172,2521],{"class":160},[68,91174,472],{"class":78},[68,91176,4650],{"class":160},[68,91178,730],{"class":78},[1470,91180,91182],{"id":91181},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91183,91184],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91186,91187],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[59,91189,91191],{"className":61,"code":91190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91192,91193],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91194,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91196,129],{"class":128},[68,91198,79],{"class":78},[68,91200,274],{"class":74},[68,91202,79],{"class":78},[68,91204,60015],{"class":128},[68,91206,79],{"class":78},[68,91208,469],{"class":160},[68,91210,472],{"class":78},[68,91212,6045],{"class":160},[68,91214,472],{"class":78},[68,91216,475],{"class":160},[68,91218,2970],{"class":78},[20,91220,180],{},[59,91222,91224],{"className":61,"code":91223,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91225,91226],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91227,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91229,795],{"class":78},[68,91231,469],{"class":160},[68,91233,472],{"class":78},[68,91235,480],{"class":160},[68,91237,472],{"class":78},[68,91239,4650],{"class":160},[68,91241,472],{"class":78},[68,91243,6034],{"class":160},[68,91245,472],{"class":78},[68,91247,54152],{"class":160},[68,91249,730],{"class":78},[93,91251,91253],{"id":91252},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91255,91256],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1470,91258,91260],{"id":91259},"range5",[15,91261,90867],{},[59,91263,91264],{"className":61,"code":91060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91265,91266],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91267,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91269,129],{"class":128},[68,91271,79],{"class":78},[68,91273,274],{"class":74},[68,91275,79],{"class":78},[68,91277,60015],{"class":128},[68,91279,79],{"class":78},[68,91281,1497],{"class":160},[68,91283,2970],{"class":78},[20,91285,180],{},[59,91287,91288],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91289,91290],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91291,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91293,795],{"class":78},[68,91295,2192],{"class":160},[68,91297,472],{"class":78},[68,91299,5539],{"class":160},[68,91301,472],{"class":78},[68,91303,475],{"class":160},[68,91305,472],{"class":78},[68,91307,480],{"class":160},[68,91309,472],{"class":78},[68,91311,2521],{"class":160},[68,91313,730],{"class":78},[20,91315,91119,91316,91122,91318,236],{},[15,91317,2192],{},[15,91319,1497],{},[1470,91321,91323],{"id":91322},"range2-6",[15,91324,91325],{},"range(2, 6)",[59,91327,91328],{"className":61,"code":91127,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91329,91330],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91331,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91333,129],{"class":128},[68,91335,79],{"class":78},[68,91337,274],{"class":74},[68,91339,79],{"class":78},[68,91341,60015],{"class":128},[68,91343,79],{"class":78},[68,91345,2129],{"class":160},[68,91347,472],{"class":78},[68,91349,37677],{"class":160},[68,91351,2970],{"class":78},[20,91353,180],{},[59,91355,91356],{"className":61,"code":91156,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91357,91358],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91359,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91361,795],{"class":78},[68,91363,2129],{"class":160},[68,91365,472],{"class":78},[68,91367,480],{"class":160},[68,91369,472],{"class":78},[68,91371,2521],{"class":160},[68,91373,472],{"class":78},[68,91375,4650],{"class":160},[68,91377,730],{"class":78},[20,91379,91119,91380,91122,91382,236],{},[15,91381,2129],{},[15,91383,80607],{},[1470,91385,91387],{"id":91386},"range1-10-2",[15,91388,91389],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[59,91391,91392],{"className":61,"code":91190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91393,91394],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91395,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91397,129],{"class":128},[68,91399,79],{"class":78},[68,91401,274],{"class":74},[68,91403,79],{"class":78},[68,91405,60015],{"class":128},[68,91407,79],{"class":78},[68,91409,469],{"class":160},[68,91411,472],{"class":78},[68,91413,6045],{"class":160},[68,91415,472],{"class":78},[68,91417,475],{"class":160},[68,91419,2970],{"class":78},[20,91421,180],{},[59,91423,91424],{"className":61,"code":91223,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91425,91426],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91427,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91429,795],{"class":78},[68,91431,469],{"class":160},[68,91433,472],{"class":78},[68,91435,480],{"class":160},[68,91437,472],{"class":78},[68,91439,4650],{"class":160},[68,91441,472],{"class":78},[68,91443,6034],{"class":160},[68,91445,472],{"class":78},[68,91447,54152],{"class":160},[68,91449,730],{"class":78},[20,91451,91452,91453,91455,91456,61318,91458,236],{},"This moves by ",[15,91454,2129],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91457,469],{},[15,91459,2216],{},[1470,91461,91463],{"id":91462},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91465,91466,91467,91469],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91468,36230],{}," count backward.",[59,91471,91473],{"className":61,"code":91472,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91474,91475],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91476,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91478,129],{"class":128},[68,91480,79],{"class":78},[68,91482,274],{"class":74},[68,91484,79],{"class":78},[68,91486,60015],{"class":128},[68,91488,79],{"class":78},[68,91490,1497],{"class":160},[68,91492,472],{"class":78},[68,91494,3880],{"class":160},[68,91496,472],{"class":78},[68,91498,2289],{"class":110},[68,91500,469],{"class":160},[68,91502,2970],{"class":78},[20,91504,180],{},[59,91506,91508],{"className":61,"code":91507,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91509,91510],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91511,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91513,795],{"class":78},[68,91515,1497],{"class":160},[68,91517,472],{"class":78},[68,91519,2521],{"class":160},[68,91521,472],{"class":78},[68,91523,480],{"class":160},[68,91525,472],{"class":78},[68,91527,475],{"class":160},[68,91529,472],{"class":78},[68,91531,5539],{"class":160},[68,91533,730],{"class":78},[20,91535,91536],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91538,91539],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[59,91541,91543],{"className":61,"code":91542,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91544,91545],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91546,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91548,129],{"class":128},[68,91550,79],{"class":78},[68,91552,274],{"class":74},[68,91554,79],{"class":78},[68,91556,60015],{"class":128},[68,91558,79],{"class":78},[68,91560,469],{"class":160},[68,91562,472],{"class":78},[68,91564,4650],{"class":160},[68,91566,472],{"class":78},[68,91568,2289],{"class":110},[68,91570,469],{"class":160},[68,91572,2970],{"class":78},[20,91574,180],{},[59,91576,91577],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91578,91579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91580,91581],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91582,38331],{"class":78},[1470,91584,91585,76603,91587],{"id":76827},[15,91586,75443],{},[15,91588,2192],{},[20,91590,2899],{},[59,91592,91594],{"className":61,"code":91593,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91595,91596],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91597,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91599,60015],{"class":128},[68,91601,79],{"class":78},[68,91603,469],{"class":160},[68,91605,472],{"class":78},[68,91607,4650],{"class":160},[68,91609,472],{"class":78},[68,91611,3880],{"class":160},[68,91613,85],{"class":78},[20,91615,76872,91616,91618],{},[15,91617,40738],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[93,91620,633,91622,91624,91625,91627],{"id":91621},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91623,36230],{}," in a ",[15,91626,5998],{}," loop",[20,91629,91630,91632],{},[15,91631,36230],{}," is most useful when:",[33,91634,91635,91638,91641],{},[36,91636,91637],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,91639,91640],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,91642,91643,91644],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91645,91646],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91648,326],{},[59,91650,91652],{"className":61,"code":91651,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91653,91654,91670],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91655,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91657,5998],{"class":1098},[68,91659,69562],{"class":106},[68,91661,3927],{"class":1098},[68,91663,54086],{"class":128},[68,91665,79],{"class":78},[68,91667,2135],{"class":160},[68,91669,1113],{"class":78},[68,91671,91672,91674,91676,91678,91681,91683,91685,91687],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91673,1118],{"class":128},[68,91675,79],{"class":78},[68,91677,344],{"class":114},[68,91679,91680],{"class":118},"Loop number:",[68,91682,344],{"class":114},[68,91684,472],{"class":78},[68,91686,36161],{"class":138},[68,91688,85],{"class":78},[20,91690,180],{},[59,91692,91694],{"className":61,"code":91693,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91695,91696,91705,91713],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91697,91698,91701,91703],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91699,91700],{"class":106},"Loop number",[68,91702,503],{"class":78},[68,91704,38547],{"class":160},[68,91706,91707,91709,91711],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91708,91700],{"class":106},[68,91710,503],{"class":78},[68,91712,29649],{"class":160},[68,91714,91715,91717,91719],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,91716,91700],{"class":106},[68,91718,503],{"class":78},[68,91720,45615],{"class":160},[1470,91722,91724],{"id":91723},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[59,91726,91728],{"className":61,"code":91727,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91729,91730,91746],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91731,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742,91744],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91733,5998],{"class":1098},[68,91735,69562],{"class":106},[68,91737,3927],{"class":1098},[68,91739,54086],{"class":128},[68,91741,79],{"class":78},[68,91743,1497],{"class":160},[68,91745,1113],{"class":78},[68,91747,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91749,1118],{"class":128},[68,91751,79],{"class":78},[68,91753,344],{"class":114},[68,91755,34897],{"class":118},[68,91757,344],{"class":114},[68,91759,85],{"class":78},[20,91761,91762,91763,91765],{},"This prints ",[15,91764,90431],{}," five times.",[1470,91767,91769],{"id":91768},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[59,91771,91773],{"className":61,"code":91772,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91774,91775,91795],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91776,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91778,5998],{"class":1098},[68,91780,69562],{"class":106},[68,91782,3927],{"class":1098},[68,91784,54086],{"class":128},[68,91786,79],{"class":78},[68,91788,469],{"class":160},[68,91790,472],{"class":78},[68,91792,2521],{"class":160},[68,91794,1113],{"class":78},[68,91796,91797,91799,91801,91803,91806,91808,91810,91812],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91798,1118],{"class":128},[68,91800,79],{"class":78},[68,91802,344],{"class":114},[68,91804,91805],{"class":118},"Current number is",[68,91807,344],{"class":114},[68,91809,472],{"class":78},[68,91811,36161],{"class":138},[68,91813,85],{"class":78},[20,91815,180],{},[59,91817,91819],{"className":61,"code":91818,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91820,91821,91830,91838],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91822,91823,91826,91828],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91824,91825],{"class":106},"Current number ",[68,91827,12226],{"class":110},[68,91829,29649],{"class":160},[68,91831,91832,91834,91836],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91833,91825],{"class":106},[68,91835,12226],{"class":110},[68,91837,45615],{"class":160},[68,91839,91840,91842,91844],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,91841,91825],{"class":106},[68,91843,12226],{"class":110},[68,91845,2641],{"class":160},[1470,91847,91849,91851],{"id":91848},"range-and-indexing",[15,91850,36230],{}," and indexing",[20,91853,91854],{},"You may see code like this:",[59,91856,91858],{"className":61,"code":91857,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91859,91860,91892,91896,91916],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91861,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91863,7817],{"class":106},[68,91865,111],{"class":110},[68,91867,725],{"class":78},[68,91869,344],{"class":114},[68,91871,49],{"class":118},[68,91873,344],{"class":114},[68,91875,472],{"class":78},[68,91877,115],{"class":114},[68,91879,4806],{"class":118},[68,91881,344],{"class":114},[68,91883,472],{"class":78},[68,91885,115],{"class":114},[68,91887,9769],{"class":118},[68,91889,344],{"class":114},[68,91891,730],{"class":78},[68,91893,91894],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91895,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,91899,5998],{"class":1098},[68,91901,69562],{"class":106},[68,91903,3927],{"class":1098},[68,91905,54086],{"class":128},[68,91907,79],{"class":78},[68,91909,11191],{"class":128},[68,91911,79],{"class":78},[68,91913,7848],{"class":138},[68,91915,69577],{"class":78},[68,91917,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,91919,1118],{"class":128},[68,91921,79],{"class":78},[68,91923,36186],{"class":138},[68,91925,472],{"class":78},[68,91927,6006],{"class":138},[68,91929,795],{"class":78},[68,91931,36186],{"class":138},[68,91933,3933],{"class":78},[20,91935,180],{},[59,91937,91938],{"className":61,"code":36198,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,91939,91940,91946,91952],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91941,91942,91944],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91943,2192],{"class":160},[68,91945,36207],{"class":106},[68,91947,91948,91950],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,91949,469],{"class":160},[68,91951,36214],{"class":106},[68,91953,91954,91956],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,91955,2129],{"class":160},[68,91957,36221],{"class":106},[20,91959,91960,91961,91965],{},"This works, and it uses ",[49,91962,91963],{"href":42387},[15,91964,42390],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91967,91968],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[59,91970,91972],{"className":61,"code":91971,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91973,91974,92006,92010,92022],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,91975,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,91977,7817],{"class":106},[68,91979,111],{"class":110},[68,91981,725],{"class":78},[68,91983,344],{"class":114},[68,91985,49],{"class":118},[68,91987,344],{"class":114},[68,91989,472],{"class":78},[68,91991,115],{"class":114},[68,91993,4806],{"class":118},[68,91995,344],{"class":114},[68,91997,472],{"class":78},[68,91999,115],{"class":114},[68,92001,9769],{"class":118},[68,92003,344],{"class":114},[68,92005,730],{"class":78},[68,92007,92008],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92009,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,92011,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92013,5998],{"class":1098},[68,92015,6001],{"class":106},[68,92017,3927],{"class":1098},[68,92019,6006],{"class":106},[68,92021,1648],{"class":78},[68,92023,92024,92026,92028,92030],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92025,1118],{"class":128},[68,92027,79],{"class":78},[68,92029,23346],{"class":138},[68,92031,85],{"class":78},[20,92033,36625,92034,92039],{},[49,92035,92037],{"href":92036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92038,35780],{}," is usually a better choice:",[59,92041,92043],{"className":61,"code":92042,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92044,92045,92077,92081,92101],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92046,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92048,7817],{"class":106},[68,92050,111],{"class":110},[68,92052,725],{"class":78},[68,92054,344],{"class":114},[68,92056,49],{"class":118},[68,92058,344],{"class":114},[68,92060,472],{"class":78},[68,92062,115],{"class":114},[68,92064,4806],{"class":118},[68,92066,344],{"class":114},[68,92068,472],{"class":78},[68,92070,115],{"class":114},[68,92072,9769],{"class":118},[68,92074,344],{"class":114},[68,92076,730],{"class":78},[68,92078,92079],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92080,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,92082,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92084,5998],{"class":1098},[68,92086,35852],{"class":106},[68,92088,472],{"class":78},[68,92090,6001],{"class":106},[68,92092,3927],{"class":1098},[68,92094,35862],{"class":128},[68,92096,79],{"class":78},[68,92098,7848],{"class":138},[68,92100,1113],{"class":78},[68,92102,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92104,1118],{"class":128},[68,92106,79],{"class":78},[68,92108,35877],{"class":138},[68,92110,472],{"class":78},[68,92112,29541],{"class":138},[68,92114,85],{"class":78},[20,92116,79132,92117,236],{},[49,92118,36638,92119,36641],{"href":36637},[15,92120,35780],{},[93,92122,92124,92125,92127],{"id":92123},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92126,36230],{}," to a list",[20,92129,92130,92132],{},[15,92131,36230],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92134,92135,92136,503],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92137,24816],{},[59,92139,92141],{"className":61,"code":92140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92142,92143],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92144,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92146,129],{"class":128},[68,92148,79],{"class":78},[68,92150,274],{"class":74},[68,92152,79],{"class":78},[68,92154,60015],{"class":128},[68,92156,79],{"class":78},[68,92158,2135],{"class":160},[68,92160,2970],{"class":78},[20,92162,180],{},[59,92164,92166],{"className":61,"code":92165,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92167,92168],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92169,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92171,795],{"class":78},[68,92173,2192],{"class":160},[68,92175,472],{"class":78},[68,92177,5539],{"class":160},[68,92179,472],{"class":78},[68,92181,475],{"class":160},[68,92183,730],{"class":78},[20,92185,33345],{},[33,92187,92188,92193,92196],{},[36,92189,92190,92191,42115],{},"learning how ",[15,92192,36230],{},[36,92194,92195],{},"checking your values",[36,92197,92198],{},"debugging code",[20,92200,1335],{},[59,92202,92204],{"className":61,"code":92203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92205,92206,92220,92224,92234],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92207,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92209,3663],{"class":106},[68,92211,111],{"class":110},[68,92213,54086],{"class":128},[68,92215,79],{"class":78},[68,92217,2568],{"class":160},[68,92219,85],{"class":78},[68,92221,92222],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92223,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,92225,92226,92228,92230,92232],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92227,129],{"class":128},[68,92229,79],{"class":78},[68,92231,3693],{"class":138},[68,92233,85],{"class":78},[68,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92237,129],{"class":128},[68,92239,79],{"class":78},[68,92241,274],{"class":74},[68,92243,79],{"class":78},[68,92245,3693],{"class":138},[68,92247,142],{"class":78},[20,92249,180],{},[59,92251,92253],{"className":61,"code":92252,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92254,92255,92269],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92256,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92258,60015],{"class":128},[68,92260,79],{"class":78},[68,92262,2192],{"class":160},[68,92264,472],{"class":78},[68,92266,2521],{"class":160},[68,92268,85],{"class":78},[68,92270,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283,92285,92287],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92272,795],{"class":78},[68,92274,2192],{"class":160},[68,92276,472],{"class":78},[68,92278,5539],{"class":160},[68,92280,472],{"class":78},[68,92282,475],{"class":160},[68,92284,472],{"class":78},[68,92286,480],{"class":160},[68,92288,730],{"class":78},[20,92290,92291,92292,969,92294,92297],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92293,60015],{},[15,92295,92296],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[93,92299,4563],{"id":4562},[20,92301,33574,92302,236],{},[15,92303,36230],{},[1470,92305,92307],{"id":92306},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92309,92310],{},"Many beginners think this:",[59,92312,92314],{"className":61,"code":92313,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92315,92316],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92317,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92319,129],{"class":128},[68,92321,79],{"class":78},[68,92323,274],{"class":74},[68,92325,79],{"class":78},[68,92327,60015],{"class":128},[68,92329,79],{"class":78},[68,92331,469],{"class":160},[68,92333,472],{"class":78},[68,92335,4650],{"class":160},[68,92337,2970],{"class":78},[20,92339,92340],{},"will produce:",[59,92342,92344],{"className":61,"code":92343,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92345,92346],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92347,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92349,795],{"class":78},[68,92351,469],{"class":160},[68,92353,472],{"class":78},[68,92355,475],{"class":160},[68,92357,472],{"class":78},[68,92359,480],{"class":160},[68,92361,472],{"class":78},[68,92363,2521],{"class":160},[68,92365,472],{"class":78},[68,92367,4650],{"class":160},[68,92369,730],{"class":78},[20,92371,92372],{},"But the real output is:",[59,92374,92375],{"className":61,"code":53521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92376,92377],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92378,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92380,795],{"class":78},[68,92382,469],{"class":160},[68,92384,472],{"class":78},[68,92386,475],{"class":160},[68,92388,472],{"class":78},[68,92390,480],{"class":160},[68,92392,472],{"class":78},[68,92394,2521],{"class":160},[68,92396,730],{"class":78},[20,92398,92399],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1470,92401,4624,92403,92405,92406],{"id":92402},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92404,90867],{}," starts at ",[15,92407,469],{},[20,92409,37501,92410,18997,92412,236],{},[15,92411,2192],{},[15,92413,469],{},[59,92415,92416],{"className":61,"code":91060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92417,92418],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92421,129],{"class":128},[68,92423,79],{"class":78},[68,92425,274],{"class":74},[68,92427,79],{"class":78},[68,92429,60015],{"class":128},[68,92431,79],{"class":78},[68,92433,1497],{"class":160},[68,92435,2970],{"class":78},[20,92437,180],{},[59,92439,92440],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92441,92442],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92445,795],{"class":78},[68,92447,2192],{"class":160},[68,92449,472],{"class":78},[68,92451,5539],{"class":160},[68,92453,472],{"class":78},[68,92455,475],{"class":160},[68,92457,472],{"class":78},[68,92459,480],{"class":160},[68,92461,472],{"class":78},[68,92463,2521],{"class":160},[68,92465,730],{"class":78},[1470,92467,92469],{"id":92468},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92471,92472,92473,503],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92474,54],{},[59,92476,92478],{"className":61,"code":92477,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92479,92480,92499,92503,92520],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92481,92482,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92483,92484],{"class":106},"user_number ",[68,92486,111],{"class":110},[68,92488,835],{"class":128},[68,92490,79],{"class":78},[68,92492,344],{"class":114},[68,92494,842],{"class":118},[68,92496,344],{"class":114},[68,92498,85],{"class":78},[68,92500,92501],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92502,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92518],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92506,5998],{"class":1098},[68,92508,69562],{"class":106},[68,92510,3927],{"class":1098},[68,92512,54086],{"class":128},[68,92514,79],{"class":78},[68,92516,92517],{"class":138},"user_number",[68,92519,1113],{"class":78},[68,92521,92522,92524,92526,92528],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92523,1118],{"class":128},[68,92525,79],{"class":78},[68,92527,36186],{"class":138},[68,92529,85],{"class":78},[20,92531,48530,92532,92534],{},[15,92533,54],{}," returns a string.",[20,92536,10837],{},[59,92538,92540],{"className":61,"code":92539,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92541,92542,92564,92568,92584],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92543,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92545,92484],{"class":106},[68,92547,111],{"class":110},[68,92549,875],{"class":74},[68,92551,79],{"class":78},[68,92553,42491],{"class":128},[68,92555,79],{"class":78},[68,92557,344],{"class":114},[68,92559,842],{"class":118},[68,92561,344],{"class":114},[68,92563,142],{"class":78},[68,92565,92566],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92567,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,92569,92570,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92571,5998],{"class":1098},[68,92573,69562],{"class":106},[68,92575,3927],{"class":1098},[68,92577,54086],{"class":128},[68,92579,79],{"class":78},[68,92581,92517],{"class":138},[68,92583,1113],{"class":78},[68,92585,92586,92588,92590,92592],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92587,1118],{"class":128},[68,92589,79],{"class":78},[68,92591,36186],{"class":138},[68,92593,85],{"class":78},[20,92595,92596,92597,236],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[49,92598,50538,92599],{"href":50537},[15,92600,50541],{},[1470,92602,92604,92605,92607,92608],{"id":92603},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92606,36104],{}," smaller than ",[15,92609,75440],{},[20,92611,92612],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[59,92614,92615],{"className":61,"code":91542,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92616,92617],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92618,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92620,129],{"class":128},[68,92622,79],{"class":78},[68,92624,274],{"class":74},[68,92626,79],{"class":78},[68,92628,60015],{"class":128},[68,92630,79],{"class":78},[68,92632,469],{"class":160},[68,92634,472],{"class":78},[68,92636,4650],{"class":160},[68,92638,472],{"class":78},[68,92640,2289],{"class":110},[68,92642,469],{"class":160},[68,92644,2970],{"class":78},[20,92646,180],{},[59,92648,92649],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92650,92651],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92652,92653],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92654,38331],{"class":78},[20,92656,92657],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1470,92659,25650,92661],{"id":92660},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92662,92663],{},"step = 0",[20,92665,77583],{},[59,92667,92669],{"className":61,"code":92668,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92670,92671],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92672,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92674,60015],{"class":128},[68,92676,79],{"class":78},[68,92678,469],{"class":160},[68,92680,472],{"class":78},[68,92682,6045],{"class":160},[68,92684,472],{"class":78},[68,92686,3880],{"class":160},[68,92688,85],{"class":78},[20,92690,92691],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1470,92693,4749,92695,92697],{"id":92694},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92696,36230],{}," is not a list",[20,92699,92700],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[59,92702,92704],{"className":61,"code":92703,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92705,92706],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92709,129],{"class":128},[68,92711,79],{"class":78},[68,92713,60015],{"class":128},[68,92715,79],{"class":78},[68,92717,1497],{"class":160},[68,92719,142],{"class":78},[20,92721,180],{},[59,92723,92725],{"className":61,"code":92724,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92726,92727],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92728,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92730,60015],{"class":128},[68,92732,79],{"class":78},[68,92734,2192],{"class":160},[68,92736,472],{"class":78},[68,92738,4650],{"class":160},[68,92740,85],{"class":78},[20,92742,92743],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[59,92745,92746],{"className":61,"code":91060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92747,92748],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92749,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92751,129],{"class":128},[68,92753,79],{"class":78},[68,92755,274],{"class":74},[68,92757,79],{"class":78},[68,92759,60015],{"class":128},[68,92761,79],{"class":78},[68,92763,1497],{"class":160},[68,92765,2970],{"class":78},[20,92767,180],{},[59,92769,92770],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,92771,92772],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792,92794],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92775,795],{"class":78},[68,92777,2192],{"class":160},[68,92779,472],{"class":78},[68,92781,5539],{"class":160},[68,92783,472],{"class":78},[68,92785,475],{"class":160},[68,92787,472],{"class":78},[68,92789,480],{"class":160},[68,92791,472],{"class":78},[68,92793,2521],{"class":160},[68,92795,730],{"class":78},[93,92797,92799],{"id":92798},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92801,8909,92802,82353],{},[15,92803,36230],{},[59,92805,92807],{"className":61,"code":92806,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92808,92809,92823,92841,92863,92891],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,92810,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,92812,129],{"class":128},[68,92814,79],{"class":78},[68,92816,60015],{"class":128},[68,92818,79],{"class":78},[68,92820,1497],{"class":160},[68,92822,142],{"class":78},[68,92824,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,92826,129],{"class":128},[68,92828,79],{"class":78},[68,92830,274],{"class":74},[68,92832,79],{"class":78},[68,92834,60015],{"class":128},[68,92836,79],{"class":78},[68,92838,1497],{"class":160},[68,92840,2970],{"class":78},[68,92842,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,92844,129],{"class":128},[68,92846,79],{"class":78},[68,92848,274],{"class":74},[68,92850,79],{"class":78},[68,92852,60015],{"class":128},[68,92854,79],{"class":78},[68,92856,2129],{"class":160},[68,92858,472],{"class":78},[68,92860,6401],{"class":160},[68,92862,2970],{"class":78},[68,92864,92865,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,92866,129],{"class":128},[68,92868,79],{"class":78},[68,92870,274],{"class":74},[68,92872,79],{"class":78},[68,92874,60015],{"class":128},[68,92876,79],{"class":78},[68,92878,438],{"class":160},[68,92880,472],{"class":78},[68,92882,3880],{"class":160},[68,92884,472],{"class":78},[68,92886,2289],{"class":110},[68,92888,2129],{"class":160},[68,92890,2970],{"class":78},[68,92892,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,92894,129],{"class":128},[68,92896,79],{"class":78},[68,92898,75],{"class":74},[68,92900,79],{"class":78},[68,92902,60015],{"class":128},[68,92904,79],{"class":78},[68,92906,1497],{"class":160},[68,92908,2970],{"class":78},[20,92910,26042],{},[33,92912,92913,92916,92919],{},[36,92914,92915],{},"what values are being created",[36,92917,92918],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,92920,92921,92922,24653],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92923,60015],{},[93,92925,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,92927,12736,92929,92931],{"id":92928},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92930,36230],{}," include the last number?",[20,92933,92934],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1470,92936,1919,92938,92940,92941,1906],{"id":92937},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92939,90867],{}," start at ",[15,92942,2192],{},[20,92944,92945,92946,236],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92947,2192],{},[1470,92949,1939,92951,92953],{"id":92950},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92952,36230],{}," count backward?",[20,92955,92956,92957,236],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92958,92959],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1470,92961,1900,92963,26077],{"id":92962},"is-range-a-list",[15,92964,36230],{},[20,92966,26080,92967,92969,92970,23974],{},[15,92968,60015],{}," object. Use ",[15,92971,92972],{},"list(range(...))",[1470,92974,1919,92976,48704],{"id":92975},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92977,92978],{},"range(input())",[20,92980,92981,3533,92983,236],{},[15,92982,54],{},[15,92984,92985],{},"int(input())",[93,92987,1952],{"id":1951},[33,92989,92990,92994,93000,93006,93012],{},[36,92991,92992],{},[49,92993,36060],{"href":36059},[36,92995,92996],{},[49,92997,13,92998,1151],{"href":42387},[15,92999,42390],{},[36,93001,93002],{},[49,93003,13,93004,1151],{"href":92036},[15,93005,35780],{},[36,93007,93008],{},[49,93009,37552,93010,36641],{"href":36637},[15,93011,35780],{},[36,93013,93014],{},[49,93015,50538,93016],{"href":50537},[15,93017,50541],{},[1995,93019,93020],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":93022},[93023,93024,93026,93032,93040,93047,93049,93061,93062,93074],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":90876,"depth":125,"text":93025},"What range() does",{"id":90969,"depth":125,"text":93027,"children":93028},"range() syntax",[93029,93030,93031],{"id":91049,"depth":145,"text":91052},{"id":91113,"depth":145,"text":91116},{"id":91181,"depth":145,"text":91184},{"id":91252,"depth":125,"text":91253,"children":93033},[93034,93035,93036,93037,93038],{"id":91259,"depth":145,"text":90867},{"id":91322,"depth":145,"text":91325},{"id":91386,"depth":145,"text":91389},{"id":91462,"depth":145,"text":91463},{"id":76827,"depth":145,"text":93039},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91621,"depth":125,"text":93041,"children":93042},"Using range() in a for loop",[93043,93044,93045],{"id":91723,"depth":145,"text":91724},{"id":91768,"depth":145,"text":91769},{"id":91848,"depth":145,"text":93046},"range() and indexing",{"id":92123,"depth":125,"text":93048},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":93050},[93051,93052,93054,93055,93057,93059],{"id":92306,"depth":145,"text":92307},{"id":92402,"depth":145,"text":93053},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92468,"depth":145,"text":92469},{"id":92603,"depth":145,"text":93056},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92660,"depth":145,"text":93058},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92694,"depth":145,"text":93060},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92798,"depth":125,"text":92799},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":93063},[93064,93066,93068,93070,93072],{"id":92928,"depth":145,"text":93065},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92937,"depth":145,"text":93067},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92950,"depth":145,"text":93069},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92962,"depth":145,"text":93071},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92975,"depth":145,"text":93073},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90770,"description":93075},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93082,"title":93083,"body":93084,"description":94757,"extension":2033,"meta":94758,"navigation":148,"path":94759,"seo":94760,"stem":94761,"__hash__":94762},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93085,"toc":94730},[93086,93095,93102,93119,93135,93137,93186,93194,93198,93201,93221,93223,93287,93289,93332,93335,93381,93383,93416,93426,93432,93440,93457,93459,93490,93492,93517,93522,93533,93536,93606,93608,93639,93644,93649,93666,93668,93719,93721,93754,93757,93764,93769,93773,93789,93791,93835,93837,93883,93886,93899,93904,93908,93922,93924,93975,93977,94010,94015,94017,94024,94026,94049,94051,94116,94118,94135,94138,94171,94173,94201,94211,94218,94222,94225,94243,94246,94274,94277,94295,94300,94306,94309,94331,94333,94361,94363,94366,94391,94394,94507,94509,94588,94590,94596,94601,94609,94617,94621,94624,94626,94659,94661,94669,94675,94682,94689,94692,94694,94727],[10,93087,13,93089,969,93091,93094],{"id":93088},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93090,36230],{},[15,93092,93093],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93096,93097,232,93099,93101],{},[15,93098,36230],{},[15,93100,93093],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,93103,93104,93112],{},[36,93105,93106,93108,93109],{},[15,93107,36230],{}," creates a ",[1301,93110,93111],{},"range object",[36,93113,93114,93108,93116],{},[15,93115,93093],{},[1301,93117,93118],{},"real list",[20,93120,93121,93122,93124,93125,93128,93129,93131,93132,93134],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93123,90867],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93126,93127],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93130,36230],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93133,93093],{}," when you actually need a list.",[93,93136,96],{"id":95},[59,93138,93140],{"className":61,"code":93139,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93141,93142,93156,93169],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93143,93144,93146,93148,93150,93152,93154],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93145,3663],{"class":106},[68,93147,111],{"class":110},[68,93149,54086],{"class":128},[68,93151,79],{"class":78},[68,93153,1497],{"class":160},[68,93155,85],{"class":78},[68,93157,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93159,129],{"class":128},[68,93161,79],{"class":78},[68,93163,3693],{"class":138},[68,93165,1701],{"class":78},[68,93167,93168],{"class":3708},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[68,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181,93183],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93172,129],{"class":128},[68,93174,79],{"class":78},[68,93176,274],{"class":74},[68,93178,79],{"class":78},[68,93180,3693],{"class":138},[68,93182,1636],{"class":78},[68,93184,93185],{"class":3708},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93187,224,93188,93190,93191,93193],{},[15,93189,36230],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93192,93093],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[93,93195,93197],{"id":93196},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93199,93200],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,93202,93203,93210,93215,93218],{},[36,93204,93205,22010,93207,93209],{},[15,93206,36230],{},[1301,93208,93111],{},", not a list",[36,93211,93212,93214],{},[15,93213,93093],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,93216,93217],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,93219,93220],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93222,326],{},[59,93224,93226],{"className":61,"code":93225,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93227,93228,93243,93262,93266,93276],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93229,93230,93233,93235,93237,93239,93241],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93231,93232],{"class":106},"r ",[68,93234,111],{"class":110},[68,93236,54086],{"class":128},[68,93238,79],{"class":78},[68,93240,1497],{"class":160},[68,93242,85],{"class":78},[68,93244,93245,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93246,93247],{"class":106},"lst ",[68,93249,111],{"class":110},[68,93251,22595],{"class":74},[68,93253,79],{"class":78},[68,93255,60015],{"class":128},[68,93257,79],{"class":78},[68,93259,1497],{"class":160},[68,93261,142],{"class":78},[68,93263,93264],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93265,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,93267,93268,93270,93272,93274],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93269,129],{"class":128},[68,93271,79],{"class":78},[68,93273,60522],{"class":138},[68,93275,85],{"class":78},[68,93277,93278,93280,93282,93285],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,93279,129],{"class":128},[68,93281,79],{"class":78},[68,93283,93284],{"class":138},"lst",[68,93286,85],{"class":78},[20,93288,180],{},[59,93290,93292],{"className":61,"code":93291,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93293,93294,93308],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93297,60015],{"class":128},[68,93299,79],{"class":78},[68,93301,2192],{"class":160},[68,93303,472],{"class":78},[68,93305,4650],{"class":160},[68,93307,85],{"class":78},[68,93309,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93311,795],{"class":78},[68,93313,2192],{"class":160},[68,93315,472],{"class":78},[68,93317,5539],{"class":160},[68,93319,472],{"class":78},[68,93321,475],{"class":160},[68,93323,472],{"class":78},[68,93325,480],{"class":160},[68,93327,472],{"class":78},[68,93329,2521],{"class":160},[68,93331,730],{"class":78},[20,93333,93334],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[59,93336,93338],{"className":61,"code":93337,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93339,93340,93358],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93341,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93343,129],{"class":128},[68,93345,79],{"class":78},[68,93347,75],{"class":74},[68,93349,79],{"class":78},[68,93351,60015],{"class":128},[68,93353,79],{"class":78},[68,93355,1497],{"class":160},[68,93357,2970],{"class":78},[68,93359,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93361,129],{"class":128},[68,93363,79],{"class":78},[68,93365,75],{"class":74},[68,93367,79],{"class":78},[68,93369,274],{"class":74},[68,93371,79],{"class":78},[68,93373,60015],{"class":128},[68,93375,79],{"class":78},[68,93377,1497],{"class":160},[68,93379,93380],{"class":78},"))))\n",[20,93382,180],{},[59,93384,93386],{"className":61,"code":93385,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93387,93388,93402],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93389,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93391,190],{"class":110},[68,93393,194],{"class":193},[68,93395,197],{"class":114},[68,93397,60015],{"class":118},[68,93399,203],{"class":114},[68,93401,206],{"class":110},[68,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93405,190],{"class":110},[68,93407,194],{"class":193},[68,93409,197],{"class":114},[68,93411,274],{"class":118},[68,93413,203],{"class":114},[68,93415,206],{"class":110},[20,93417,93418,93419,93421,93422,236],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93420,36230],{}," works, see ",[49,93423,13,93424,1151],{"href":93077},[15,93425,36230],{},[93,93427,3722,93429,93431],{"id":93428},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93430,36230],{}," gives you",[20,93433,93434,93436,93437,93439],{},[15,93435,36230],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93438,5998],{}," loops.",[33,93441,93442,93445,93448,93451],{},[36,93443,93444],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,93446,93447],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,93449,93450],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,93452,93453,93454],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93455,93456],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93458,326],{},[59,93460,93462],{"className":61,"code":93461,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93463,93464,93480],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93465,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93467,5998],{"class":1098},[68,93469,69562],{"class":106},[68,93471,3927],{"class":1098},[68,93473,54086],{"class":128},[68,93475,79],{"class":78},[68,93477,1497],{"class":160},[68,93479,1113],{"class":78},[68,93481,93482,93484,93486,93488],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93483,1118],{"class":128},[68,93485,79],{"class":78},[68,93487,36186],{"class":138},[68,93489,85],{"class":78},[20,93491,180],{},[59,93493,93495],{"className":61,"code":93494,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93496,93497,93501,93505,93509,93513],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93498,93499],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93500,47272],{"class":160},[68,93502,93503],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93504,46937],{"class":160},[68,93506,93507],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93508,17089],{"class":160},[68,93510,93511],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93512,46637],{"class":160},[68,93514,93515],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,93516,48670],{"class":160},[20,93518,20805,93519,93521],{},[15,93520,90867],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93523,93524,93525,93527,93528,236],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93526,36230],{}," is so common with ",[49,93529,13,93531,90898],{"href":93530},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93532,5998],{},[20,93534,93535],{},"You can also inspect it:",[59,93537,93539],{"className":61,"code":93538,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93540,93541,93563,93567,93577,93591],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93542,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93544,93232],{"class":106},[68,93546,111],{"class":110},[68,93548,54086],{"class":128},[68,93550,79],{"class":78},[68,93552,2129],{"class":160},[68,93554,472],{"class":78},[68,93556,6045],{"class":160},[68,93558,472],{"class":78},[68,93560,475],{"class":160},[68,93562,85],{"class":78},[68,93564,93565],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93566,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,93568,93569,93571,93573,93575],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93570,129],{"class":128},[68,93572,79],{"class":78},[68,93574,60522],{"class":138},[68,93576,85],{"class":78},[68,93578,93579,93581,93583,93585,93587,93589],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93580,129],{"class":128},[68,93582,79],{"class":78},[68,93584,11191],{"class":128},[68,93586,79],{"class":78},[68,93588,60522],{"class":138},[68,93590,142],{"class":78},[68,93592,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93604],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,93594,129],{"class":128},[68,93596,79],{"class":78},[68,93598,80607],{"class":160},[68,93600,21208],{"class":1098},[68,93602,93603],{"class":138}," r",[68,93605,85],{"class":78},[20,93607,180],{},[59,93609,93611],{"className":61,"code":93610,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93612,93613,93631,93635],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93614,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93616,60015],{"class":128},[68,93618,79],{"class":78},[68,93620,2129],{"class":160},[68,93622,472],{"class":78},[68,93624,6045],{"class":160},[68,93626,472],{"class":78},[68,93628,475],{"class":160},[68,93630,85],{"class":78},[68,93632,93633],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93634,48670],{"class":160},[68,93636,93637],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93638,1070],{"class":526},[93,93640,3722,93642,93431],{"id":93641},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93643,93093],{},[20,93645,93646,93648],{},[15,93647,93093],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,93650,93651,93654,93657,93660],{},[36,93652,93653],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,93655,93656],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,93658,93659],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,93661,93662,93663,93665],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93664,36230],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93667,326],{},[59,93669,93671],{"className":61,"code":93670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93672,93673,93691,93695,93705],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93674,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93676,3663],{"class":106},[68,93678,111],{"class":110},[68,93680,22595],{"class":74},[68,93682,79],{"class":78},[68,93684,60015],{"class":128},[68,93686,79],{"class":78},[68,93688,1497],{"class":160},[68,93690,142],{"class":78},[68,93692,93693],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93694,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,93696,93697,93699,93701,93703],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93698,129],{"class":128},[68,93700,79],{"class":78},[68,93702,3693],{"class":138},[68,93704,85],{"class":78},[68,93706,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93708,129],{"class":128},[68,93710,79],{"class":78},[68,93712,3693],{"class":138},[68,93714,795],{"class":78},[68,93716,2129],{"class":160},[68,93718,3933],{"class":78},[20,93720,180],{},[59,93722,93724],{"className":61,"code":93723,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93725,93726,93750],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93727,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93729,795],{"class":78},[68,93731,2192],{"class":160},[68,93733,472],{"class":78},[68,93735,5539],{"class":160},[68,93737,472],{"class":78},[68,93739,475],{"class":160},[68,93741,472],{"class":78},[68,93743,480],{"class":160},[68,93745,472],{"class":78},[68,93747,2521],{"class":160},[68,93749,730],{"class":78},[68,93751,93752],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93753,17089],{"class":160},[20,93755,93756],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93758,93759,93760,236],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[49,93761,13,93762,1151],{"href":64862},[15,93763,24816],{},[93,93765,1311,93767],{"id":93766},"when-to-use-range",[15,93768,36230],{},[20,93770,224,93771,10630],{},[15,93772,36230],{},[33,93774,93775,93780,93783,93786],{},[36,93776,93777,93778,91627],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93779,5998],{},[36,93781,93782],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,93784,93785],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,93787,93788],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93790,326],{},[59,93792,93794],{"className":61,"code":93793,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93795,93796,93816],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93799,5998],{"class":1098},[68,93801,69562],{"class":106},[68,93803,3927],{"class":1098},[68,93805,54086],{"class":128},[68,93807,79],{"class":78},[68,93809,469],{"class":160},[68,93811,472],{"class":78},[68,93813,37677],{"class":160},[68,93815,1113],{"class":78},[68,93817,93818,93820,93822,93824,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93819,1118],{"class":128},[68,93821,79],{"class":78},[68,93823,344],{"class":114},[68,93825,93826],{"class":118},"Count:",[68,93828,344],{"class":114},[68,93830,472],{"class":78},[68,93832,36161],{"class":138},[68,93834,85],{"class":78},[20,93836,180],{},[59,93838,93840],{"className":61,"code":93839,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93841,93842,93851,93859,93867,93875],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93843,93844,93847,93849],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93845,93846],{"class":106},"Count",[68,93848,503],{"class":78},[68,93850,29649],{"class":160},[68,93852,93853,93855,93857],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93854,93846],{"class":106},[68,93856,503],{"class":78},[68,93858,45615],{"class":160},[68,93860,93861,93863,93865],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93862,93846],{"class":106},[68,93864,503],{"class":78},[68,93866,2641],{"class":160},[68,93868,93869,93871,93873],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93870,93846],{"class":106},[68,93872,503],{"class":78},[68,93874,23699],{"class":160},[68,93876,93877,93879,93881],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,93878,93846],{"class":106},[68,93880,503],{"class":78},[68,93882,1007],{"class":160},[20,93884,93885],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93887,93888,93889,93891,93892,62305,93894,236],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93890,35780],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93893,36631],{},[49,93895,36638,93897,36641],{"href":93896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93898,35780],{},[93,93900,1311,93902],{"id":93901},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93903,93093],{},[20,93905,224,93906,10630],{},[15,93907,93093],{},[33,93909,93910,93913,93916,93919],{},[36,93911,93912],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,93914,93915],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,93917,93918],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,93920,93921],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93923,326],{},[59,93925,93927],{"className":61,"code":93926,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93928,93929,93947,93961,93965],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93930,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93932,3663],{"class":106},[68,93934,111],{"class":110},[68,93936,22595],{"class":74},[68,93938,79],{"class":78},[68,93940,60015],{"class":128},[68,93942,79],{"class":78},[68,93944,1497],{"class":160},[68,93946,142],{"class":78},[68,93948,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,93950,3693],{"class":106},[68,93952,236],{"class":78},[68,93954,13585],{"class":138},[68,93956,79],{"class":78},[68,93958,1497],{"class":160},[68,93960,85],{"class":78},[68,93962,93963],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,93964,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,93966,93967,93969,93971,93973],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,93968,129],{"class":128},[68,93970,79],{"class":78},[68,93972,3693],{"class":138},[68,93974,85],{"class":78},[20,93976,180],{},[59,93978,93980],{"className":61,"code":93979,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93981,93982],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,93985,795],{"class":78},[68,93987,2192],{"class":160},[68,93989,472],{"class":78},[68,93991,5539],{"class":160},[68,93993,472],{"class":78},[68,93995,475],{"class":160},[68,93997,472],{"class":78},[68,93999,480],{"class":160},[68,94001,472],{"class":78},[68,94003,2521],{"class":160},[68,94005,472],{"class":78},[68,94007,4650],{"class":160},[68,94009,730],{"class":78},[20,94011,6101,94012,94014],{},[15,94013,3693],{}," is a list.",[93,94016,15628],{"id":15627},[20,94018,94019,94021,94022,236],{},[15,94020,36230],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1301,94023,37631],{},[20,94025,2179],{},[33,94027,94028,94030,94035,94040,94043],{},[36,94029,22020],{},[36,94031,94032,94033],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94034,42390],{},[36,94036,94037,94038],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94039,3927],{},[36,94041,94042],{},"You can index it",[36,94044,94045,94046,94048],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94047,52668],{}," do not work on it",[20,94050,326],{},[59,94052,94054],{"className":61,"code":94053,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94055,94056,94070,94074,94088,94102],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94059,93232],{"class":106},[68,94061,111],{"class":110},[68,94063,54086],{"class":128},[68,94065,79],{"class":78},[68,94067,1497],{"class":160},[68,94069,85],{"class":78},[68,94071,94072],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94073,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,94075,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,94077,129],{"class":128},[68,94079,79],{"class":78},[68,94081,60522],{"class":138},[68,94083,795],{"class":78},[68,94085,2129],{"class":160},[68,94087,3933],{"class":78},[68,94089,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,94091,129],{"class":128},[68,94093,79],{"class":78},[68,94095,11191],{"class":128},[68,94097,79],{"class":78},[68,94099,60522],{"class":138},[68,94101,142],{"class":78},[68,94103,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,94105,129],{"class":128},[68,94107,79],{"class":78},[68,94109,2135],{"class":160},[68,94111,21208],{"class":1098},[68,94113,93603],{"class":138},[68,94115,85],{"class":78},[20,94117,180],{},[59,94119,94121],{"className":61,"code":94120,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94122,94123,94127,94131],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94124,94125],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94126,17089],{"class":160},[68,94128,94129],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94130,3005],{"class":160},[68,94132,94133],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,94134,1070],{"class":526},[20,94136,94137],{},"Now compare that with this:",[59,94139,94141],{"className":61,"code":94140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94142,94143,94157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94146,93232],{"class":106},[68,94148,111],{"class":110},[68,94150,54086],{"class":128},[68,94152,79],{"class":78},[68,94154,1497],{"class":160},[68,94156,85],{"class":78},[68,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94160,60522],{"class":106},[68,94162,236],{"class":78},[68,94164,13585],{"class":138},[68,94166,79],{"class":78},[68,94168,1497],{"class":160},[68,94170,85],{"class":78},[20,94172,180],{},[59,94174,94176],{"className":61,"code":94175,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94177,94178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94179,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192,94195,94197,94199],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94181,25705],{"class":74},[68,94183,503],{"class":78},[68,94185,197],{"class":114},[68,94187,60015],{"class":118},[68,94189,203],{"class":114},[68,94191,24653],{"class":74},[68,94193,94194],{"class":106}," has no attribute ",[68,94196,203],{"class":114},[68,94198,13585],{"class":118},[68,94200,29734],{"class":114},[20,94202,94203,94204,1448,94206,1891,94208,94210],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94205,52668],{},[15,94207,55545],{},[15,94209,64328],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94212,94213,94214,236],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[49,94215,25713,94216],{"href":35450},[15,94217,34289],{},[93,94219,94221],{"id":94220},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94223,94224],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[59,94226,94227],{"className":61,"code":92703,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94228,94229],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94230,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94232,129],{"class":128},[68,94234,79],{"class":78},[68,94236,60015],{"class":128},[68,94238,79],{"class":78},[68,94240,1497],{"class":160},[68,94242,142],{"class":78},[20,94244,94245],{},"to show:",[59,94247,94248],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94249,94250],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94251,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94253,795],{"class":78},[68,94255,2192],{"class":160},[68,94257,472],{"class":78},[68,94259,5539],{"class":160},[68,94261,472],{"class":78},[68,94263,475],{"class":160},[68,94265,472],{"class":78},[68,94267,480],{"class":160},[68,94269,472],{"class":78},[68,94271,2521],{"class":160},[68,94273,730],{"class":78},[20,94275,94276],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[59,94278,94279],{"className":61,"code":92724,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94280,94281],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94282,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94284,60015],{"class":128},[68,94286,79],{"class":78},[68,94288,2192],{"class":160},[68,94290,472],{"class":78},[68,94292,4650],{"class":160},[68,94294,85],{"class":78},[20,94296,4673,94297,94299],{},[1301,94298,1303],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94301,94302,94303,94305],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1301,94304,93111],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94307,94308],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[59,94310,94311],{"className":61,"code":91060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94312,94313],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94316,129],{"class":128},[68,94318,79],{"class":78},[68,94320,274],{"class":74},[68,94322,79],{"class":78},[68,94324,60015],{"class":128},[68,94326,79],{"class":78},[68,94328,1497],{"class":160},[68,94330,2970],{"class":78},[20,94332,180],{},[59,94334,94335],{"className":61,"code":60038,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94336,94337],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94340,795],{"class":78},[68,94342,2192],{"class":160},[68,94344,472],{"class":78},[68,94346,5539],{"class":160},[68,94348,472],{"class":78},[68,94350,475],{"class":160},[68,94352,472],{"class":78},[68,94354,480],{"class":160},[68,94356,472],{"class":78},[68,94358,2521],{"class":160},[68,94360,730],{"class":78},[93,94362,1750],{"id":1749},[20,94364,94365],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,94367,94368,94374,94377,94383],{},[36,94369,633,94370,94373],{},[15,94371,94372],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,94375,94376],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,94378,94379,94380,94382],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94381,36230],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,94384,633,94385,94387,94388,94390],{},[15,94386,93093],{}," when plain ",[15,94389,36230],{}," would be simpler",[20,94392,94393],{},"These quick checks can help:",[59,94395,94397],{"className":61,"code":94396,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94398,94399,94413,94431,94449,94471,94489],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94400,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94402,129],{"class":128},[68,94404,79],{"class":78},[68,94406,60015],{"class":128},[68,94408,79],{"class":78},[68,94410,1497],{"class":160},[68,94412,142],{"class":78},[68,94414,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94416,129],{"class":128},[68,94418,79],{"class":78},[68,94420,274],{"class":74},[68,94422,79],{"class":78},[68,94424,60015],{"class":128},[68,94426,79],{"class":78},[68,94428,1497],{"class":160},[68,94430,2970],{"class":78},[68,94432,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,94434,129],{"class":128},[68,94436,79],{"class":78},[68,94438,75],{"class":74},[68,94440,79],{"class":78},[68,94442,60015],{"class":128},[68,94444,79],{"class":78},[68,94446,1497],{"class":160},[68,94448,2970],{"class":78},[68,94450,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,94452,129],{"class":128},[68,94454,79],{"class":78},[68,94456,75],{"class":74},[68,94458,79],{"class":78},[68,94460,274],{"class":74},[68,94462,79],{"class":78},[68,94464,60015],{"class":128},[68,94466,79],{"class":78},[68,94468,1497],{"class":160},[68,94470,93380],{"class":78},[68,94472,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,94474,129],{"class":128},[68,94476,79],{"class":78},[68,94478,2135],{"class":160},[68,94480,21208],{"class":1098},[68,94482,54086],{"class":128},[68,94484,79],{"class":78},[68,94486,1497],{"class":160},[68,94488,142],{"class":78},[68,94490,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,94492,129],{"class":128},[68,94494,79],{"class":78},[68,94496,11191],{"class":128},[68,94498,79],{"class":78},[68,94500,60015],{"class":128},[68,94502,79],{"class":78},[68,94504,1497],{"class":160},[68,94506,2970],{"class":78},[20,94508,180],{},[59,94510,94512],{"className":61,"code":94511,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94513,94514,94528,94552,94566,94580,94584],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94517,60015],{"class":128},[68,94519,79],{"class":78},[68,94521,2192],{"class":160},[68,94523,472],{"class":78},[68,94525,4650],{"class":160},[68,94527,85],{"class":78},[68,94529,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94531,795],{"class":78},[68,94533,2192],{"class":160},[68,94535,472],{"class":78},[68,94537,5539],{"class":160},[68,94539,472],{"class":78},[68,94541,475],{"class":160},[68,94543,472],{"class":78},[68,94545,480],{"class":160},[68,94547,472],{"class":78},[68,94549,2521],{"class":160},[68,94551,730],{"class":78},[68,94553,94554,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,94555,190],{"class":110},[68,94557,194],{"class":193},[68,94559,197],{"class":114},[68,94561,60015],{"class":118},[68,94563,203],{"class":114},[68,94565,206],{"class":110},[68,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,94569,190],{"class":110},[68,94571,194],{"class":193},[68,94573,197],{"class":114},[68,94575,274],{"class":118},[68,94577,203],{"class":114},[68,94579,206],{"class":110},[68,94581,94582],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,94583,1070],{"class":526},[68,94585,94586],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,94587,3005],{"class":160},[93,94589,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,94591,1900,94593,94595],{"id":94592},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94594,36230],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94597,1909,94598,94600],{},[15,94599,36230],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1470,94602,94604,94605,1776,94607,1906],{"id":94603},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94606,36230],{},[15,94608,93093],{},[20,94610,94611,94613,94614,94616],{},[15,94612,36230],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94615,93093],{}," creates a full list.",[1470,94618,94620],{"id":94619},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94622,94623],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94625,326],{},[59,94627,94629],{"className":61,"code":94628,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94630,94631,94645],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94632,94633,94635,94637,94639,94641,94643],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94634,93232],{"class":106},[68,94636,111],{"class":110},[68,94638,54086],{"class":128},[68,94640,79],{"class":78},[68,94642,1497],{"class":160},[68,94644,85],{"class":78},[68,94646,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94648,129],{"class":128},[68,94650,79],{"class":78},[68,94652,60522],{"class":138},[68,94654,795],{"class":78},[68,94656,469],{"class":160},[68,94658,3933],{"class":78},[20,94660,180],{},[59,94662,94663],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,94664,94665],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94666,94667],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94668,46937],{"class":160},[1470,94670,1919,94672,94674],{"id":94671},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94673,94372],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94676,94677,94678,94681],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94679,94680],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1470,94683,94685,94686,94688],{"id":94684},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94687,36230],{}," to a list?",[20,94690,94691],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[93,94693,1952],{"id":1951},[33,94695,94696,94702,94708,94715,94721],{},[36,94697,94698],{},[49,94699,13,94700,1151],{"href":93077},[15,94701,36230],{},[36,94703,94704],{},[49,94705,13,94706,1151],{"href":64862},[15,94707,24816],{},[36,94709,94710],{},[49,94711,13,94712,94714],{"href":93530},[15,94713,5998],{}," loops explained",[36,94716,94717],{},[49,94718,37552,94719,36641],{"href":93896},[15,94720,35780],{},[36,94722,94723],{},[49,94724,26156,94725],{"href":35450},[15,94726,34289],{},[1995,94728,94729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":94731},[94732,94733,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94743,94744,94745,94756],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":93196,"depth":125,"text":93197},{"id":93428,"depth":125,"text":94735},"What range() gives you",{"id":93641,"depth":125,"text":94737},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93766,"depth":125,"text":94739},"When to use range()",{"id":93901,"depth":125,"text":94741},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15627,"depth":125,"text":15628},{"id":94220,"depth":125,"text":94221},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":94746},[94747,94749,94751,94752,94754],{"id":94592,"depth":145,"text":94748},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94603,"depth":145,"text":94750},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94619,"depth":145,"text":94620},{"id":94671,"depth":145,"text":94753},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94684,"depth":145,"text":94755},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93083,"description":94757},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94764,"title":94765,"body":94766,"description":96202,"extension":2033,"meta":96203,"navigation":148,"path":96204,"seo":96205,"stem":96206,"__hash__":96207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94767,"toc":96168},[94768,94774,94779,94782,94796,94799,94801,94840,94842,94855,94863,94868,94884,94887,94889,94891,94912,94929,94932,94991,94993,95012,95017,95023,95026,95060,95062,95075,95078,95123,95125,95148,95155,95161,95164,95205,95207,95221,95224,95282,95284,95299,95312,95318,95324,95389,95391,95410,95412,95430,95433,95437,95443,95445,95478,95480,95493,95503,95506,95567,95569,95590,95593,95595,95611,95616,95620,95625,95630,95686,95688,95706,95709,95754,95756,95764,95769,95773,95787,95789,95821,95823,95832,95834,95838,95847,95850,95882,95884,95896,95899,95903,95908,95949,95951,95959,95962,95985,95989,95991,96000,96003,96056,96058,96067,96071,96076,96087,96089,96098,96101,96107,96110,96116,96126,96134,96141,96143,96165],[10,94769,13,94771,18],{"id":94770},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94772,94773],{},"round()",[20,94775,9154,94776,94778],{},[15,94777,94773],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94780,94781],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,94783,94784,94790],{},[36,94785,94786,94789],{},[15,94787,94788],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,94791,94792,94795],{},[15,94793,94794],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94797,94798],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[93,94800,2075],{"id":2074},[59,94802,94804],{"className":61,"code":94803,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94805,94806,94822],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94807,94808,94810,94812,94815,94817,94820],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94809,129],{"class":128},[68,94811,79],{"class":78},[68,94813,94814],{"class":128},"round",[68,94816,79],{"class":78},[68,94818,94819],{"class":160},"3.14159",[68,94821,142],{"class":78},[68,94823,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832,94834,94836,94838],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94825,129],{"class":128},[68,94827,79],{"class":78},[68,94829,94814],{"class":128},[68,94831,79],{"class":78},[68,94833,94819],{"class":160},[68,94835,472],{"class":78},[68,94837,475],{"class":160},[68,94839,142],{"class":78},[20,94841,180],{},[59,94843,94845],{"className":61,"code":94844,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94846,94847,94851],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94848,94849],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94850,46637],{"class":160},[68,94852,94853],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94854,40211],{"class":160},[20,94856,224,94857,94859,94860,94862],{},[15,94858,94788],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94861,94794],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[93,94864,3722,94866,3725],{"id":94865},"what-round-does",[15,94867,94773],{},[33,94869,94870,94875,94878,94881],{},[36,94871,94872,94874],{},[15,94873,94773],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,94876,94877],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,94879,94880],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,94882,94883],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94885,94886],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[93,94888,303],{"id":302},[20,94890,2231],{},[59,94892,94894],{"className":61,"code":94893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94895,94896],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94897,94898,94900,94902,94904,94907,94910],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94899,94814],{"class":128},[68,94901,79],{"class":78},[68,94903,175],{"class":138},[68,94905,94906],{"class":78},"[,",[68,94908,94909],{"class":138}," ndigits",[68,94911,3933],{"class":78},[33,94913,94914,94919,94924],{},[36,94915,94916,94918],{},[15,94917,175],{}," is the value to round",[36,94920,94921,20073],{},[15,94922,94923],{},"ndigits",[36,94925,94926,94928],{},[15,94927,94923],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94930,94931],{},"Basic examples:",[59,94933,94935],{"className":61,"code":94934,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94936,94937,94952,94970],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94938,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,94940,129],{"class":128},[68,94942,79],{"class":78},[68,94944,94814],{"class":128},[68,94946,79],{"class":78},[68,94948,94949],{"class":160},"7.8",[68,94951,142],{"class":78},[68,94953,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,94955,129],{"class":128},[68,94957,79],{"class":78},[68,94959,94814],{"class":128},[68,94961,79],{"class":78},[68,94963,94949],{"class":160},[68,94965,472],{"class":78},[68,94967,5539],{"class":160},[68,94969,142],{"class":78},[68,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94983,94985,94987,94989],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,94973,129],{"class":128},[68,94975,79],{"class":78},[68,94977,94814],{"class":128},[68,94979,79],{"class":78},[68,94981,94982],{"class":160},"1234",[68,94984,472],{"class":78},[68,94986,2289],{"class":110},[68,94988,2129],{"class":160},[68,94990,142],{"class":78},[20,94992,180],{},[59,94994,94996],{"className":61,"code":94995,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94997,94998,95002,95007],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,94999,95000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95001,2447],{"class":160},[68,95003,95004],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95005,95006],{"class":160},"7.8\n",[68,95008,95009],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95010,95011],{"class":160},"1200\n",[20,95013,95014,95015,236],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[49,95016,2485],{"href":2484},[93,95018,633,95020,95022],{"id":95019},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95021,94773],{}," with one argument",[20,95024,95025],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[59,95027,95029],{"className":61,"code":95028,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95030,95031,95045],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95032,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95034,129],{"class":128},[68,95036,79],{"class":78},[68,95038,94814],{"class":128},[68,95040,79],{"class":78},[68,95042,2428],{"class":160},[68,95044,142],{"class":78},[68,95046,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055,95058],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95048,129],{"class":128},[68,95050,79],{"class":78},[68,95052,94814],{"class":128},[68,95054,79],{"class":78},[68,95056,95057],{"class":160},"4.8",[68,95059,142],{"class":78},[20,95061,180],{},[59,95063,95065],{"className":61,"code":95064,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"4\n5\n",[15,95066,95067,95071],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95068,95069],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95070,48670],{"class":160},[68,95072,95073],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95074,3005],{"class":160},[20,95076,95077],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[59,95079,95081],{"className":61,"code":95080,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95082,95083,95099,95109],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95084,95085,95087,95089,95092,95094,95097],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95086,2297],{"class":106},[68,95088,111],{"class":110},[68,95090,95091],{"class":128}," round",[68,95093,79],{"class":78},[68,95095,95096],{"class":160},"10.2",[68,95098,85],{"class":78},[68,95100,95101,95103,95105,95107],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95102,129],{"class":128},[68,95104,79],{"class":78},[68,95106,2331],{"class":138},[68,95108,85],{"class":78},[68,95110,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95112,129],{"class":128},[68,95114,79],{"class":78},[68,95116,75],{"class":74},[68,95118,79],{"class":78},[68,95120,2331],{"class":138},[68,95122,142],{"class":78},[20,95124,180],{},[59,95126,95128],{"className":61,"code":95127,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95129,95130,95134],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95131,95132],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95133,2442],{"class":160},[68,95135,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95137,190],{"class":110},[68,95139,194],{"class":193},[68,95141,197],{"class":114},[68,95143,217],{"class":118},[68,95145,203],{"class":114},[68,95147,206],{"class":110},[20,95149,95150,95151,236],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[49,95152,13,95153,1151],{"href":946},[15,95154,949],{},[93,95156,633,95158,95160],{"id":95157},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95159,94773],{}," with decimal places",[20,95162,95163],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[59,95165,95167],{"className":61,"code":95166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95168,95169,95187],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95172,129],{"class":128},[68,95174,79],{"class":78},[68,95176,94814],{"class":128},[68,95178,79],{"class":78},[68,95180,94819],{"class":160},[68,95182,472],{"class":78},[68,95184,475],{"class":160},[68,95186,142],{"class":78},[68,95188,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197,95199,95201,95203],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95190,129],{"class":128},[68,95192,79],{"class":78},[68,95194,94814],{"class":128},[68,95196,79],{"class":78},[68,95198,94819],{"class":160},[68,95200,472],{"class":78},[68,95202,480],{"class":160},[68,95204,142],{"class":78},[20,95206,180],{},[59,95208,95210],{"className":61,"code":95209,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95211,95212,95216],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95213,95214],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95215,40211],{"class":160},[68,95217,95218],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95219,95220],{"class":160},"3.142\n",[20,95222,95223],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[59,95225,95227],{"className":61,"code":95226,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95228,95229,95238,95257,95261,95271],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95230,95231,95233,95235],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95232,40421],{"class":106},[68,95234,111],{"class":110},[68,95236,95237],{"class":160}," 19.9876\n",[68,95239,95240,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95241,95242],{"class":106},"rounded_price ",[68,95244,111],{"class":110},[68,95246,95091],{"class":128},[68,95248,79],{"class":78},[68,95250,25185],{"class":138},[68,95252,472],{"class":78},[68,95254,475],{"class":160},[68,95256,85],{"class":78},[68,95258,95259],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95260,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,95262,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95264,129],{"class":128},[68,95266,79],{"class":78},[68,95268,25185],{"class":138},[68,95270,85],{"class":78},[68,95272,95273,95275,95277,95280],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,95274,129],{"class":128},[68,95276,79],{"class":78},[68,95278,95279],{"class":138},"rounded_price",[68,95281,85],{"class":78},[20,95283,180],{},[59,95285,95287],{"className":61,"code":95286,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95288,95289,95294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95290,95291],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95292,95293],{"class":160},"19.9876\n",[68,95295,95296],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95297,95298],{"class":160},"19.99\n",[20,95300,95301,95302,95305,95306,384,95308,236],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95303,95304],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[49,95307,40926],{"href":40925},[49,95309,13,95310,1151],{"href":952},[15,95311,955],{},[93,95313,95315,95316],{"id":95314},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95317,94923],{},[20,95319,95320,95321,95323],{},"A negative ",[15,95322,94923],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[59,95325,95327],{"className":61,"code":95326,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95328,95329,95349,95369],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95330,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95332,129],{"class":128},[68,95334,79],{"class":78},[68,95336,94814],{"class":128},[68,95338,79],{"class":78},[68,95340,94982],{"class":160},[68,95342,472],{"class":78},[68,95344,2289],{"class":110},[68,95346,469],{"class":160},[68,95348,142],{"class":78},[68,95350,95351,95353,95355,95357,95359,95361,95363,95365,95367],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95352,129],{"class":128},[68,95354,79],{"class":78},[68,95356,94814],{"class":128},[68,95358,79],{"class":78},[68,95360,94982],{"class":160},[68,95362,472],{"class":78},[68,95364,2289],{"class":110},[68,95366,2129],{"class":160},[68,95368,142],{"class":78},[68,95370,95371,95373,95375,95377,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95372,129],{"class":128},[68,95374,79],{"class":78},[68,95376,94814],{"class":128},[68,95378,79],{"class":78},[68,95380,94982],{"class":160},[68,95382,472],{"class":78},[68,95384,2289],{"class":110},[68,95386,2135],{"class":160},[68,95388,142],{"class":78},[20,95390,180],{},[59,95392,95394],{"className":61,"code":95393,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95395,95396,95401,95405],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95397,95398],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95399,95400],{"class":160},"1230\n",[68,95402,95403],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95404,95011],{"class":160},[68,95406,95407],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95408,95409],{"class":160},"1000\n",[20,95411,65599],{},[33,95413,95414,95419,95425],{},[36,95415,95416,95418],{},[15,95417,65869],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,95420,95421,95424],{},[15,95422,95423],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,95426,95427,95429],{},[15,95428,47691],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95431,95432],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[93,95434,95436],{"id":95435},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95438,95439,95440,236],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95441,95442],{},".5",[20,95444,1335],{},[59,95446,95448],{"className":61,"code":95447,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95449,95450,95464],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95451,95452,95454,95456,95458,95460,95462],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95453,129],{"class":128},[68,95455,79],{"class":78},[68,95457,94814],{"class":128},[68,95459,79],{"class":78},[68,95461,41190],{"class":160},[68,95463,142],{"class":78},[68,95465,95466,95468,95470,95472,95474,95476],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95467,129],{"class":128},[68,95469,79],{"class":78},[68,95471,94814],{"class":128},[68,95473,79],{"class":78},[68,95475,2112],{"class":160},[68,95477,142],{"class":78},[20,95479,180],{},[59,95481,95483],{"className":61,"code":95482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"2\n4\n",[15,95484,95485,95489],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95486,95487],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95488,17089],{"class":160},[68,95490,95491],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95492,48670],{"class":160},[20,95494,95495,95496,95499,95500,95502],{},"Python uses ",[1301,95497,95498],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95501,95442],{}," situations.",[20,95504,95505],{},"More examples:",[59,95507,95509],{"className":61,"code":95508,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95510,95511,95525,95539,95553],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95512,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95514,129],{"class":128},[68,95516,79],{"class":78},[68,95518,94814],{"class":128},[68,95520,79],{"class":78},[68,95522,41203],{"class":160},[68,95524,142],{"class":78},[68,95526,95527,95529,95531,95533,95535,95537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95528,129],{"class":128},[68,95530,79],{"class":78},[68,95532,94814],{"class":128},[68,95534,79],{"class":78},[68,95536,41190],{"class":160},[68,95538,142],{"class":78},[68,95540,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95542,129],{"class":128},[68,95544,79],{"class":78},[68,95546,94814],{"class":128},[68,95548,79],{"class":78},[68,95550,2112],{"class":160},[68,95552,142],{"class":78},[68,95554,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563,95565],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95556,129],{"class":128},[68,95558,79],{"class":78},[68,95560,94814],{"class":128},[68,95562,79],{"class":78},[68,95564,41156],{"class":160},[68,95566,142],{"class":78},[20,95568,180],{},[59,95570,95572],{"className":61,"code":95571,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95573,95574,95578,95582,95586],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95575,95576],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95577,17089],{"class":160},[68,95579,95580],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95581,17089],{"class":160},[68,95583,95584],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95585,48670],{"class":160},[68,95587,95588],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95589,48670],{"class":160},[20,95591,95592],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95594,10742],{},[33,95596,95597,95604],{},[36,95598,95599,2206,95602],{},[15,95600,95601],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95603,2129],{},[36,95605,95606,2206,95609],{},[15,95607,95608],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95610,2568],{},[20,95612,3225,95613,95615],{},[15,95614,95442],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[93,95617,95619],{"id":95618},"return-values","Return values",[20,95621,95622,95624],{},[15,95623,94773],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95626,1524,95627,95629],{},[1301,95628,1303],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[59,95631,95633],{"className":61,"code":95632,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95634,95635,95644,95648,95658,95676],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95636,95637,95639,95641],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95638,652],{"class":106},[68,95640,111],{"class":110},[68,95642,95643],{"class":160}," 3.14159\n",[68,95645,95646],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95647,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,95649,95650,95652,95654,95656],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95651,129],{"class":128},[68,95653,79],{"class":78},[68,95655,665],{"class":138},[68,95657,85],{"class":78},[68,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670,95672,95674],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95661,129],{"class":128},[68,95663,79],{"class":78},[68,95665,94814],{"class":128},[68,95667,79],{"class":78},[68,95669,665],{"class":138},[68,95671,472],{"class":78},[68,95673,475],{"class":160},[68,95675,142],{"class":78},[68,95677,95678,95680,95682,95684],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,95679,129],{"class":128},[68,95681,79],{"class":78},[68,95683,665],{"class":138},[68,95685,85],{"class":78},[20,95687,180],{},[59,95689,95691],{"className":61,"code":95690,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95692,95693,95698,95702],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95694,95695],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95696,95697],{"class":160},"3.14159\n",[68,95699,95700],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95701,40211],{"class":160},[68,95703,95704],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95705,95697],{"class":160},[20,95707,95708],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[59,95710,95712],{"className":61,"code":95711,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95713,95714,95722,95740,95744],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95715,95716,95718,95720],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95717,652],{"class":106},[68,95719,111],{"class":110},[68,95721,95643],{"class":160},[68,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95725,652],{"class":106},[68,95727,111],{"class":110},[68,95729,95091],{"class":128},[68,95731,79],{"class":78},[68,95733,665],{"class":138},[68,95735,472],{"class":78},[68,95737,475],{"class":160},[68,95739,85],{"class":78},[68,95741,95742],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95743,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,95745,95746,95748,95750,95752],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95747,129],{"class":128},[68,95749,79],{"class":78},[68,95751,665],{"class":138},[68,95753,85],{"class":78},[20,95755,180],{},[59,95757,95758],{"className":61,"code":40211,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,95759,95760],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95761,95762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95763,40211],{"class":160},[93,95765,1311,95767],{"id":95766},"when-to-use-round",[15,95768,94773],{},[20,95770,224,95771,6359],{},[15,95772,94773],{},[33,95774,95775,95778,95781,95784],{},[36,95776,95777],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,95779,95780],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,95782,95783],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,95785,95786],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95788,1335],{},[59,95790,95792],{"className":61,"code":95791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95793,95794,95803],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95795,95796,95798,95800],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95797,2659],{"class":106},[68,95799,111],{"class":110},[68,95801,95802],{"class":160}," 12.67891\n",[68,95804,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813,95815,95817,95819],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95806,129],{"class":128},[68,95808,79],{"class":78},[68,95810,94814],{"class":128},[68,95812,79],{"class":78},[68,95814,2682],{"class":138},[68,95816,472],{"class":78},[68,95818,475],{"class":160},[68,95820,142],{"class":78},[20,95822,180],{},[59,95824,95826],{"className":61,"code":95825,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"12.68\n",[15,95827,95828],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95829,95830],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95831,95825],{"class":160},[93,95833,1750],{"id":1749},[20,95835,23130,95836,236],{},[15,95837,94773],{},[1470,95839,1770,95841,95843,95844,95846],{"id":95840},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95842,94773],{}," to always round ",[15,95845,95442],{}," upward",[20,95848,95849],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[59,95851,95852],{"className":61,"code":95447,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,95853,95854,95868],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95855,95856,95858,95860,95862,95864,95866],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95857,129],{"class":128},[68,95859,79],{"class":78},[68,95861,94814],{"class":128},[68,95863,79],{"class":78},[68,95865,41190],{"class":160},[68,95867,142],{"class":78},[68,95869,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95871,129],{"class":128},[68,95873,79],{"class":78},[68,95875,94814],{"class":128},[68,95877,79],{"class":78},[68,95879,2112],{"class":160},[68,95881,142],{"class":78},[20,95883,180],{},[59,95885,95886],{"className":61,"code":95482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,95887,95888,95892],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95889,95890],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95891,17089],{"class":160},[68,95893,95894],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95895,48670],{"class":160},[20,95897,95898],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1470,95900,95902],{"id":95901},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95904,95905,95907],{},[15,95906,94773],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[59,95909,95911],{"className":61,"code":95910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95912,95913,95921,95935,95939],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95914,95915,95917,95919],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95916,652],{"class":106},[68,95918,111],{"class":110},[68,95920,95643],{"class":160},[68,95922,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,95924,94814],{"class":128},[68,95926,79],{"class":78},[68,95928,665],{"class":138},[68,95930,472],{"class":78},[68,95932,475],{"class":160},[68,95934,85],{"class":78},[68,95936,95937],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,95938,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,95940,95941,95943,95945,95947],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,95942,129],{"class":128},[68,95944,79],{"class":78},[68,95946,665],{"class":138},[68,95948,85],{"class":78},[20,95950,180],{},[59,95952,95953],{"className":61,"code":95697,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,95954,95955],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95956,95957],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95958,95697],{"class":160},[20,95960,95961],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[59,95963,95965],{"className":61,"code":95964,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95966,95967],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95968,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95970,652],{"class":106},[68,95972,111],{"class":110},[68,95974,95091],{"class":128},[68,95976,79],{"class":78},[68,95978,665],{"class":138},[68,95980,472],{"class":78},[68,95982,475],{"class":160},[68,95984,85],{"class":78},[1470,95986,95988],{"id":95987},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95990,16433],{},[59,95992,95994],{"className":61,"code":95993,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95995,95996],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,95997,95998],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,95999,95993],{"class":3708},[20,96001,96002],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[59,96004,96006],{"className":61,"code":96005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96007,96008,96020,96034,96038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96009,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96011,1345],{"class":106},[68,96013,111],{"class":110},[68,96015,115],{"class":114},[68,96017,453],{"class":118},[68,96019,122],{"class":114},[68,96021,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96023,155],{"class":106},[68,96025,111],{"class":110},[68,96027,40289],{"class":74},[68,96029,79],{"class":78},[68,96031,1367],{"class":138},[68,96033,85],{"class":78},[68,96035,96036],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96037,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96039,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96041,129],{"class":128},[68,96043,79],{"class":78},[68,96045,94814],{"class":128},[68,96047,79],{"class":78},[68,96049,175],{"class":138},[68,96051,472],{"class":78},[68,96053,5539],{"class":160},[68,96055,142],{"class":78},[20,96057,180],{},[59,96059,96061],{"className":61,"code":96060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.1\n",[15,96062,96063],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96064,96065],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96066,96060],{"class":160},[1470,96068,96070],{"id":96069},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96072,96073,96075],{},[15,96074,94773],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96077,96078,96079,384,96083,236],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[49,96080,96081],{"href":952},[15,96082,955],{},[49,96084,96085],{"href":946},[15,96086,949],{},[93,96088,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,96090,12736,96092,96094,96095,96097],{"id":96091},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96093,94773],{}," always round ",[15,96096,40248],{}," up?",[20,96099,96100],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1470,96102,12736,96104,96106],{"id":96103},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96105,94773],{}," change the original number?",[20,96108,96109],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1470,96111,1939,96113,96115],{"id":96112},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96114,94773],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96117,96118,96119,96121,96122,384,96124,236],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96120,94923],{}," value like ",[15,96123,65869],{},[15,96125,95423],{},[1470,96127,28363,96129,96131,96132,1906],{"id":96128},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96130,94773],{}," on a string like ",[15,96133,48114],{},[20,96135,96136,96137,384,96139,236],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96138,955],{},[15,96140,949],{},[93,96142,1952],{"id":1951},[33,96144,96145,96151,96157,96161],{},[36,96146,96147],{},[49,96148,13,96149,1151],{"href":952},[15,96150,955],{},[36,96152,96153],{},[49,96154,13,96155,1151],{"href":946},[15,96156,949],{},[36,96158,96159],{},[49,96160,2485],{"href":2484},[36,96162,96163],{},[49,96164,42210],{"href":40925},[1995,96166,96167],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":96169},[96170,96171,96173,96174,96176,96178,96180,96181,96182,96184,96191,96201],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":94865,"depth":125,"text":96172},"What round() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":95019,"depth":125,"text":96175},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95157,"depth":125,"text":96177},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95314,"depth":125,"text":96179},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95435,"depth":125,"text":95436},{"id":95618,"depth":125,"text":95619},{"id":95766,"depth":125,"text":96183},"When to use round()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":96185},[96186,96188,96189,96190],{"id":95840,"depth":145,"text":96187},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95901,"depth":145,"text":95902},{"id":95987,"depth":145,"text":95988},{"id":96069,"depth":145,"text":96070},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":96192},[96193,96195,96197,96199],{"id":96091,"depth":145,"text":96194},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96103,"depth":145,"text":96196},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96112,"depth":145,"text":96198},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96128,"depth":145,"text":96200},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94765,"description":96202},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96209,"title":96210,"body":96211,"description":97396,"extension":2033,"meta":97397,"navigation":148,"path":97398,"seo":97399,"stem":97400,"__hash__":97401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96212,"toc":97370},[96213,96220,96226,96229,96231,96280,96284,96309,96314,96319,96324,96338,96349,96351,96370,96372,96388,96391,96402,96404,96406,96467,96471,96504,96511,96518,96521,96554,96557,96561,96564,96617,96621,96642,96648,96655,96662,96723,96731,96808,96812,96824,96833,96835,96841,96847,96851,96904,96907,96965,96969,96977,96980,96984,96987,96997,96999,97096,97099,97110,97113,97156,97160,97184,97187,97193,97195,97199,97224,97226,97293,97302,97304,97310,97315,97319,97322,97326,97333,97337,97342,97344,97361,97367],[10,96214,96216,96217,11352],{"id":96215},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96218,96219],{},"add()",[20,96221,96222,96225],{},[15,96223,96224],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96227,96228],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[93,96230,2075],{"id":2074},[59,96232,96234],{"className":61,"code":96233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96235,96236,96256,96270],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96237,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96239,3663],{"class":106},[68,96241,111],{"class":110},[68,96243,1221],{"class":78},[68,96245,469],{"class":160},[68,96247,472],{"class":78},[68,96249,475],{"class":160},[68,96251,472],{"class":78},[68,96253,480],{"class":160},[68,96255,9338],{"class":78},[68,96257,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96259,3693],{"class":106},[68,96261,236],{"class":78},[68,96263,82119],{"class":138},[68,96265,79],{"class":78},[68,96267,2568],{"class":160},[68,96269,85],{"class":78},[68,96271,96272,96274,96276,96278],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96273,129],{"class":128},[68,96275,79],{"class":78},[68,96277,3693],{"class":138},[68,96279,85],{"class":78},[20,96281,96282],{},[1301,96283,180],{},[59,96285,96287],{"className":61,"code":96286,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96288,96289],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96290,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96292,9308],{"class":78},[68,96294,469],{"class":160},[68,96296,472],{"class":78},[68,96298,475],{"class":160},[68,96300,472],{"class":78},[68,96302,480],{"class":160},[68,96304,472],{"class":78},[68,96306,2521],{"class":160},[68,96308,9338],{"class":78},[20,96310,224,96311,96313],{},[15,96312,96219],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[93,96315,3722,96317,3725],{"id":96316},"what-setadd-does",[15,96318,96224],{},[20,96320,96321,96323],{},[15,96322,96224],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,96325,96326,96329,96332,96335],{},[36,96327,96328],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,96330,96331],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,96333,96334],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,96336,96337],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96339,96340,96341,384,96345,236],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[49,96342,96344],{"href":96343},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[49,96346,96348],{"href":96347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[93,96350,303],{"id":302},[59,96352,96354],{"className":61,"code":96353,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96355,96356],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96357,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96359,15698],{"class":106},[68,96361,236],{"class":78},[68,96363,82119],{"class":138},[68,96365,79],{"class":78},[68,96367,23346],{"class":138},[68,96369,85],{"class":78},[20,96371,11489],{},[33,96373,96374,96379,96382],{},[36,96375,55925,96376,96378],{},[15,96377,96219],{}," on an existing set",[36,96380,96381],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,96383,96384,96385],{},"The item must be ",[1301,96386,96387],{},"hashable",[20,96389,96390],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,96392,96393,96395,96397,96400],{},[36,96394,56478],{},[36,96396,56481],{},[36,96398,96399],{},"Tuples",[36,96401,40629],{},[93,96403,11506],{"id":11505},[20,96405,11509],{},[59,96407,96409],{"className":61,"code":96408,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96410,96411,96435,96453,96457],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96412,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96414,13108],{"class":106},[68,96416,111],{"class":110},[68,96418,1221],{"class":78},[68,96420,344],{"class":114},[68,96422,13125],{"class":118},[68,96424,344],{"class":114},[68,96426,472],{"class":78},[68,96428,115],{"class":114},[68,96430,13142],{"class":118},[68,96432,344],{"class":114},[68,96434,9338],{"class":78},[68,96436,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96438,17535],{"class":106},[68,96440,236],{"class":78},[68,96442,82119],{"class":138},[68,96444,79],{"class":78},[68,96446,344],{"class":114},[68,96448,17488],{"class":118},[68,96450,344],{"class":114},[68,96452,85],{"class":78},[68,96454,96455],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96456,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96460,129],{"class":128},[68,96462,79],{"class":78},[68,96464,17535],{"class":138},[68,96466,85],{"class":78},[20,96468,96469],{},[1301,96470,30064],{},[59,96472,96474],{"className":61,"code":96473,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96475,96476],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96477,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96479,9308],{"class":78},[68,96481,203],{"class":114},[68,96483,13125],{"class":118},[68,96485,203],{"class":114},[68,96487,472],{"class":78},[68,96489,197],{"class":114},[68,96491,17488],{"class":118},[68,96493,203],{"class":114},[68,96495,472],{"class":78},[68,96497,197],{"class":114},[68,96499,13142],{"class":118},[68,96501,203],{"class":114},[68,96503,9338],{"class":78},[20,96505,96506,96507,96510],{},"The new value ",[15,96508,96509],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96512,96513,96514,96517],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1301,96515,96516],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96519,96520],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[59,96522,96524],{"className":61,"code":96523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96525,96526],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96527,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96529,9308],{"class":78},[68,96531,203],{"class":114},[68,96533,13142],{"class":118},[68,96535,203],{"class":114},[68,96537,472],{"class":78},[68,96539,197],{"class":114},[68,96541,13125],{"class":118},[68,96543,203],{"class":114},[68,96545,472],{"class":78},[68,96547,197],{"class":114},[68,96549,17488],{"class":118},[68,96551,203],{"class":114},[68,96553,9338],{"class":78},[20,96555,96556],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[93,96558,96560],{"id":96559},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96562,96563],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[59,96565,96567],{"className":61,"code":96566,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96568,96569,96589,96603,96607],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96570,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96572,3663],{"class":106},[68,96574,111],{"class":110},[68,96576,1221],{"class":78},[68,96578,469],{"class":160},[68,96580,472],{"class":78},[68,96582,475],{"class":160},[68,96584,472],{"class":78},[68,96586,480],{"class":160},[68,96588,9338],{"class":78},[68,96590,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96592,3693],{"class":106},[68,96594,236],{"class":78},[68,96596,82119],{"class":138},[68,96598,79],{"class":78},[68,96600,2129],{"class":160},[68,96602,85],{"class":78},[68,96604,96605],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96606,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96608,96609,96611,96613,96615],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96610,129],{"class":128},[68,96612,79],{"class":78},[68,96614,3693],{"class":138},[68,96616,85],{"class":78},[20,96618,96619],{},[1301,96620,180],{},[59,96622,96624],{"className":61,"code":96623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96625,96626],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96629,9308],{"class":78},[68,96631,469],{"class":160},[68,96633,472],{"class":78},[68,96635,475],{"class":160},[68,96637,472],{"class":78},[68,96639,480],{"class":160},[68,96641,9338],{"class":78},[20,96643,96644,96645,96647],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96646,2129],{}," was already present.",[93,96649,96651,969,96653],{"id":96650},"add-vs-update",[15,96652,96219],{},[15,96654,14985],{},[20,96656,224,96657,96659,96660,236],{},[15,96658,96219],{}," when you want to add ",[1301,96661,52672],{},[59,96663,96665],{"className":61,"code":96664,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96666,96667,96691,96709,96713],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96670,36122],{"class":106},[68,96672,111],{"class":110},[68,96674,1221],{"class":78},[68,96676,344],{"class":114},[68,96678,49],{"class":118},[68,96680,344],{"class":114},[68,96682,472],{"class":78},[68,96684,115],{"class":114},[68,96686,4806],{"class":118},[68,96688,344],{"class":114},[68,96690,9338],{"class":78},[68,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96694,36175],{"class":106},[68,96696,236],{"class":78},[68,96698,82119],{"class":138},[68,96700,79],{"class":78},[68,96702,344],{"class":114},[68,96704,9769],{"class":118},[68,96706,344],{"class":114},[68,96708,85],{"class":78},[68,96710,96711],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96712,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96714,96715,96717,96719,96721],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96716,129],{"class":128},[68,96718,79],{"class":78},[68,96720,36175],{"class":138},[68,96722,85],{"class":78},[20,96724,224,96725,96659,96727,96730],{},[15,96726,14985],{},[1301,96728,96729],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[59,96732,96734],{"className":61,"code":96733,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96735,96736,96760,96794,96798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96737,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96739,36122],{"class":106},[68,96741,111],{"class":110},[68,96743,1221],{"class":78},[68,96745,344],{"class":114},[68,96747,49],{"class":118},[68,96749,344],{"class":114},[68,96751,472],{"class":78},[68,96753,115],{"class":114},[68,96755,4806],{"class":118},[68,96757,344],{"class":114},[68,96759,9338],{"class":78},[68,96761,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96763,36175],{"class":106},[68,96765,236],{"class":78},[68,96767,30499],{"class":138},[68,96769,466],{"class":78},[68,96771,344],{"class":114},[68,96773,9769],{"class":118},[68,96775,344],{"class":114},[68,96777,472],{"class":78},[68,96779,115],{"class":114},[68,96781,18801],{"class":118},[68,96783,344],{"class":114},[68,96785,472],{"class":78},[68,96787,115],{"class":114},[68,96789,60464],{"class":118},[68,96791,344],{"class":114},[68,96793,3933],{"class":78},[68,96795,96796],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96797,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96801,129],{"class":128},[68,96803,79],{"class":78},[68,96805,36175],{"class":138},[68,96807,85],{"class":78},[1470,96809,96811],{"id":96810},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,96813,96814,96819],{},[36,96815,96816,96818],{},[15,96817,96219],{}," adds one item",[36,96820,96821,96823],{},[15,96822,14985],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96825,96826,96827,236],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[49,96828,96830,96831,10770],{"href":96829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96832,14985],{},[93,96834,17451],{"id":17450},[20,96836,96837,1541,96839,236],{},[15,96838,96224],{},[15,96840,3824],{},[20,96842,96843,96844,96846],{},"That means you should ",[1301,96845,1303],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1470,96848,96850],{"id":96849},"correct","Correct",[59,96852,96854],{"className":61,"code":96853,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96855,96856,96876,96890,96894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96857,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96859,15660],{"class":106},[68,96861,111],{"class":110},[68,96863,1221],{"class":78},[68,96865,469],{"class":160},[68,96867,472],{"class":78},[68,96869,475],{"class":160},[68,96871,472],{"class":78},[68,96873,480],{"class":160},[68,96875,9338],{"class":78},[68,96877,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96879,15698],{"class":106},[68,96881,236],{"class":78},[68,96883,82119],{"class":138},[68,96885,79],{"class":78},[68,96887,2568],{"class":160},[68,96889,85],{"class":78},[68,96891,96892],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96893,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96897,129],{"class":128},[68,96899,79],{"class":78},[68,96901,15698],{"class":138},[68,96903,85],{"class":78},[1470,96905,96906],{"id":61786},"Wrong",[59,96908,96910],{"className":61,"code":96909,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96911,96912,96932,96951,96955],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96913,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96915,15660],{"class":106},[68,96917,111],{"class":110},[68,96919,1221],{"class":78},[68,96921,469],{"class":160},[68,96923,472],{"class":78},[68,96925,475],{"class":160},[68,96927,472],{"class":78},[68,96929,480],{"class":160},[68,96931,9338],{"class":78},[68,96933,96934,96936,96938,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,96935,15660],{"class":106},[68,96937,111],{"class":110},[68,96939,96940],{"class":106}," my_set",[68,96942,236],{"class":78},[68,96944,82119],{"class":138},[68,96946,79],{"class":78},[68,96948,2568],{"class":160},[68,96950,85],{"class":78},[68,96952,96953],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,96954,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,96956,96957,96959,96961,96963],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,96958,129],{"class":128},[68,96960,79],{"class":78},[68,96962,15698],{"class":138},[68,96964,85],{"class":78},[20,96966,96967],{},[1301,96968,180],{},[59,96970,96971],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,96972,96973],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,96974,96975],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,96976,11840],{"class":526},[20,96978,96979],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[93,96981,96983],{"id":96982},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96985,96986],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,96988,96989,96991,96993,96995],{},[36,96990,56478],{},[36,96992,56481],{},[36,96994,96399],{},[36,96996,40629],{},[20,96998,326],{},[59,97000,97002],{"className":61,"code":97001,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97003,97004,97014,97018,97032,97050,97068,97082,97086],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97005,97006,97008,97010,97012],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97007,7817],{"class":106},[68,97009,111],{"class":110},[68,97011,15665],{"class":74},[68,97013,8677],{"class":78},[68,97015,97016],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97017,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97019,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97021,7848],{"class":106},[68,97023,236],{"class":78},[68,97025,82119],{"class":138},[68,97027,79],{"class":78},[68,97029,438],{"class":160},[68,97031,85],{"class":78},[68,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97035,7848],{"class":106},[68,97037,236],{"class":78},[68,97039,82119],{"class":138},[68,97041,79],{"class":78},[68,97043,344],{"class":114},[68,97045,347],{"class":118},[68,97047,344],{"class":114},[68,97049,85],{"class":78},[68,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97053,7848],{"class":106},[68,97055,236],{"class":78},[68,97057,82119],{"class":138},[68,97059,5552],{"class":78},[68,97061,469],{"class":160},[68,97063,472],{"class":78},[68,97065,475],{"class":160},[68,97067,142],{"class":78},[68,97069,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,97071,7848],{"class":106},[68,97073,236],{"class":78},[68,97075,82119],{"class":138},[68,97077,79],{"class":78},[68,97079,290],{"class":526},[68,97081,85],{"class":78},[68,97083,97084],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,97085,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97087,97088,97090,97092,97094],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,97089,129],{"class":128},[68,97091,79],{"class":78},[68,97093,7848],{"class":138},[68,97095,85],{"class":78},[20,97097,97098],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,97100,97101,97104,97107],{},[36,97102,97103],{},"Lists",[36,97105,97106],{},"Dictionaries",[36,97108,97109],{},"Sets",[20,97111,97112],{},"Example that causes an error:",[59,97114,97116],{"className":61,"code":97115,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97117,97118,97138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97119,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97121,7817],{"class":106},[68,97123,111],{"class":110},[68,97125,1221],{"class":78},[68,97127,469],{"class":160},[68,97129,472],{"class":78},[68,97131,475],{"class":160},[68,97133,472],{"class":78},[68,97135,480],{"class":160},[68,97137,9338],{"class":78},[68,97139,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97141,7848],{"class":106},[68,97143,236],{"class":78},[68,97145,82119],{"class":138},[68,97147,466],{"class":78},[68,97149,2568],{"class":160},[68,97151,472],{"class":78},[68,97153,4650],{"class":160},[68,97155,3933],{"class":78},[20,97157,97158],{},[1301,97159,29715],{},[59,97161,97163],{"className":61,"code":97162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97164,97165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97166,97167,97169,97171,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97168,3060],{"class":74},[68,97170,503],{"class":78},[68,97172,97173],{"class":106}," unhashable ",[68,97175,75],{"class":74},[68,97177,503],{"class":78},[68,97179,197],{"class":114},[68,97181,274],{"class":118},[68,97183,29734],{"class":114},[20,97185,97186],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97188,97189,97190,236],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97191,97192],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[93,97194,1750],{"id":1749},[20,97196,1753,97197,503],{},[15,97198,96224],{},[33,97200,97201,97206,97211,97214,97221],{},[36,97202,633,97203,97205],{},[15,97204,96219],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,97207,1770,97208,97210],{},[15,97209,96219],{}," to return the updated set",[36,97212,97213],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,97215,37237,97216,97218,97219],{},[15,97217,96224],{}," with list ",[15,97220,52668],{},[36,97222,97223],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97225,71520],{},[59,97227,97229],{"className":61,"code":97228,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97230,97231,97241,97255,97265,97279],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97232,97233,97235,97237,97239],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97234,129],{"class":128},[68,97236,79],{"class":78},[68,97238,15698],{"class":138},[68,97240,85],{"class":78},[68,97242,97243,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97244,129],{"class":128},[68,97246,79],{"class":78},[68,97248,75],{"class":74},[68,97250,79],{"class":78},[68,97252,15698],{"class":138},[68,97254,142],{"class":78},[68,97256,97257,97259,97261,97263],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97258,129],{"class":128},[68,97260,79],{"class":78},[68,97262,665],{"class":138},[68,97264,85],{"class":78},[68,97266,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97268,129],{"class":128},[68,97270,79],{"class":78},[68,97272,75],{"class":74},[68,97274,79],{"class":78},[68,97276,665],{"class":138},[68,97278,142],{"class":78},[68,97280,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289,97291],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97282,1850],{"class":128},[68,97284,79],{"class":78},[68,97286,6328],{"class":74},[68,97288,236],{"class":78},[68,97290,82119],{"class":1267},[68,97292,85],{"class":78},[20,97294,97295,97296,97298,97299,236],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97297,96224],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[49,97300,53065],{"href":97301},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[93,97303,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,97305,12736,97307,97309],{"id":97306},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97308,96224],{}," return a new set?",[20,97311,97312,97313,236],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97314,3824],{},[1470,97316,97318],{"id":97317},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97320,97321],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1470,97323,97325],{"id":97324},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97327,224,97328,1776,97331,236],{},[15,97329,97330],{},"set.update()",[15,97332,96219],{},[1470,97334,97336],{"id":97335},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97338,97339,97340,236],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97341,3060],{},[93,97343,1952],{"id":1951},[33,97345,97346,97350,97355],{},[36,97347,97348],{},[49,97349,96344],{"href":96343},[36,97351,97352],{},[49,97353,97354],{"href":96347},"How to create a set in Python",[36,97356,97357],{},[49,97358,96830,97359,10770],{"href":96829},[15,97360,14985],{},[20,97362,97363,97364,97366],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97365,96219],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1995,97368,97369],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":97371},[97372,97373,97375,97376,97377,97378,97382,97386,97387,97388,97395],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":96316,"depth":125,"text":97374},"What set.add() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":96559,"depth":125,"text":96560},{"id":96650,"depth":125,"text":97379,"children":97380},"add() vs update()",[97381],{"id":96810,"depth":145,"text":96811},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451,"children":97383},[97384,97385],{"id":96849,"depth":145,"text":96850},{"id":61786,"depth":145,"text":96906},{"id":96982,"depth":125,"text":96983},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":97389},[97390,97392,97393,97394],{"id":97306,"depth":145,"text":97391},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97317,"depth":145,"text":97318},{"id":97324,"depth":145,"text":97325},{"id":97335,"depth":145,"text":97336},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96210,"description":97396},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97403,"title":97404,"body":97405,"description":98574,"extension":2033,"meta":98575,"navigation":148,"path":98576,"seo":98577,"stem":98578,"__hash__":98579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97406,"toc":98541},[97407,97412,97418,97425,97470,97472,97483,97488,97493,97497,97511,97516,97518,97520,97535,97537,97551,97553,97555,97620,97622,97632,97634,97652,97658,97665,97670,97744,97746,97763,97769,97774,97845,97847,97874,97891,97894,97900,97902,97909,97913,97980,97982,97997,98000,98053,98055,98063,98075,98077,98081,98086,98088,98137,98139,98147,98149,98194,98196,98206,98212,98220,98233,98239,98241,98270,98272,98290,98294,98297,98328,98330,98348,98352,98427,98429,98445,98452,98454,98459,98464,98470,98473,98477,98485,98492,98500,98502,98538],[10,97408,96216,97410,11352],{"id":97409},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97411,11351],{},[20,97413,97414,97417],{},[15,97415,97416],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97419,97420,97421,97424],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1301,97422,97423],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[59,97426,97428],{"className":61,"code":97427,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97429,97430,97450,97460],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97431,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97433,3663],{"class":106},[68,97435,111],{"class":110},[68,97437,1221],{"class":78},[68,97439,469],{"class":160},[68,97441,472],{"class":78},[68,97443,475],{"class":160},[68,97445,472],{"class":78},[68,97447,480],{"class":160},[68,97449,9338],{"class":78},[68,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97453,3693],{"class":106},[68,97455,236],{"class":78},[68,97457,11413],{"class":138},[68,97459,8677],{"class":78},[68,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97463,129],{"class":128},[68,97465,79],{"class":78},[68,97467,3693],{"class":138},[68,97469,85],{"class":78},[20,97471,180],{},[59,97473,97475],{"className":61,"code":97474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set()\n",[15,97476,97477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97478,97479,97481],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97480,6328],{"class":74},[68,97482,8677],{"class":78},[20,97484,97485,97487],{},[15,97486,11351],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[93,97489,3722,97491,3725],{"id":97490},"what-setclear-does",[15,97492,97416],{},[20,97494,2050,97495,11443],{},[15,97496,11351],{},[33,97498,97499,97502,97504,97508],{},[36,97500,97501],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,97503,96331],{},[36,97505,11454,97506],{},[15,97507,3824],{},[36,97509,97510],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97512,96340,97513,71619],{},[49,97514,96344],{"href":97515},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[93,97517,303],{"id":302},[20,97519,54463],{},[59,97521,97523],{"className":61,"code":97522,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97524,97525],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97526,97527,97529,97531,97533],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97528,15698],{"class":106},[68,97530,236],{"class":78},[68,97532,11413],{"class":138},[68,97534,8677],{"class":78},[20,97536,13084],{},[33,97538,97539,97542,97545,97548],{},[36,97540,97541],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,97543,97544],{},"It empties the set",[36,97546,97547],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,97549,97550],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[93,97552,11506],{"id":11505},[20,97554,11509],{},[59,97556,97558],{"className":61,"code":97557,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97559,97560,97592,97596,97606,97610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97561,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586,97588,97590],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97563,13108],{"class":106},[68,97565,111],{"class":110},[68,97567,1221],{"class":78},[68,97569,344],{"class":114},[68,97571,13125],{"class":118},[68,97573,344],{"class":114},[68,97575,472],{"class":78},[68,97577,115],{"class":114},[68,97579,17488],{"class":118},[68,97581,344],{"class":114},[68,97583,472],{"class":78},[68,97585,115],{"class":114},[68,97587,13142],{"class":118},[68,97589,344],{"class":114},[68,97591,9338],{"class":78},[68,97593,97594],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97595,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97597,97598,97600,97602,97604],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97599,17535],{"class":106},[68,97601,236],{"class":78},[68,97603,11413],{"class":138},[68,97605,8677],{"class":78},[68,97607,97608],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97609,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97611,97612,97614,97616,97618],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97613,129],{"class":128},[68,97615,79],{"class":78},[68,97617,17535],{"class":138},[68,97619,85],{"class":78},[20,97621,180],{},[59,97623,97624],{"className":61,"code":97474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,97625,97626],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97627,97628,97630],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97629,6328],{"class":74},[68,97631,8677],{"class":78},[20,97633,11715],{},[33,97635,97636,97641,97646],{},[36,97637,97638,97640],{},[15,97639,17535],{}," starts with three values",[36,97642,97643,11728],{},[15,97644,97645],{},"colors.clear()",[36,97647,97648,97649,97651],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97650,3843],{},", which means an empty set",[93,97653,97655,97657],{"id":97654},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97656,11351],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97659,97660,232,97662,97664],{},[15,97661,11351],{},[15,97663,3843],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1470,97666,633,97668],{"id":97667},"using-clear",[15,97669,11351],{},[59,97671,97673],{"className":61,"code":97672,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97674,97675,97695,97705,97709,97719,97723,97733],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97676,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97678,7817],{"class":106},[68,97680,111],{"class":110},[68,97682,1221],{"class":78},[68,97684,469],{"class":160},[68,97686,472],{"class":78},[68,97688,475],{"class":160},[68,97690,472],{"class":78},[68,97692,480],{"class":160},[68,97694,9338],{"class":78},[68,97696,97697,97700,97702],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97698,97699],{"class":106},"other_name ",[68,97701,111],{"class":110},[68,97703,97704],{"class":106}," items\n",[68,97706,97707],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97708,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97710,97711,97713,97715,97717],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97712,7848],{"class":106},[68,97714,236],{"class":78},[68,97716,11413],{"class":138},[68,97718,8677],{"class":78},[68,97720,97721],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97722,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,97726,129],{"class":128},[68,97728,79],{"class":78},[68,97730,7848],{"class":138},[68,97732,85],{"class":78},[68,97734,97735,97737,97739,97742],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,97736,129],{"class":128},[68,97738,79],{"class":78},[68,97740,97741],{"class":138},"other_name",[68,97743,85],{"class":78},[20,97745,180],{},[59,97747,97749],{"className":61,"code":97748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97750,97751,97757],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97752,97753,97755],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97754,6328],{"class":74},[68,97756,8677],{"class":78},[68,97758,97759,97761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97760,6328],{"class":74},[68,97762,8677],{"class":78},[20,97764,97765,97766,236],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1301,97767,97768],{},"same set object",[1470,97770,633,97772],{"id":97771},"using-set",[15,97773,3843],{},[59,97775,97777],{"className":61,"code":97776,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97778,97779,97799,97807,97811,97821,97825,97835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97782,7817],{"class":106},[68,97784,111],{"class":110},[68,97786,1221],{"class":78},[68,97788,469],{"class":160},[68,97790,472],{"class":78},[68,97792,475],{"class":160},[68,97794,472],{"class":78},[68,97796,480],{"class":160},[68,97798,9338],{"class":78},[68,97800,97801,97803,97805],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97802,97699],{"class":106},[68,97804,111],{"class":110},[68,97806,97704],{"class":106},[68,97808,97809],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97810,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97812,97813,97815,97817,97819],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97814,7817],{"class":106},[68,97816,111],{"class":110},[68,97818,15665],{"class":74},[68,97820,8677],{"class":78},[68,97822,97823],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97824,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,97828,129],{"class":128},[68,97830,79],{"class":78},[68,97832,7848],{"class":138},[68,97834,85],{"class":78},[68,97836,97837,97839,97841,97843],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,97838,129],{"class":128},[68,97840,79],{"class":78},[68,97842,97741],{"class":138},[68,97844,85],{"class":78},[20,97846,180],{},[59,97848,97850],{"className":61,"code":97849,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97851,97852,97858],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97853,97854,97856],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97855,6328],{"class":74},[68,97857,8677],{"class":78},[68,97859,97860,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97861,9308],{"class":78},[68,97863,469],{"class":160},[68,97865,472],{"class":78},[68,97867,475],{"class":160},[68,97869,472],{"class":78},[68,97871,480],{"class":160},[68,97873,9338],{"class":78},[20,97875,20805,97876,93108,97879,97882,97883,236,97885,97887,97888,97890],{},[15,97877,97878],{},"items = set()",[1301,97880,97881],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97884,7848],{},[9876,97886],{},"\nBut ",[15,97889,97741],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97892,97893],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97895,97896,97897,236],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[49,97898,96348],{"href":97899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[93,97901,17451],{"id":17450},[20,97903,97904,14086,97906,97908],{},[15,97905,11351],{},[1301,97907,1303],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97910,5191,97911,236],{},[15,97912,3824],{},[59,97914,97916],{"className":61,"code":97915,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97917,97918,97938,97942,97956,97960,97970],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97921,3663],{"class":106},[68,97923,111],{"class":110},[68,97925,1221],{"class":78},[68,97927,469],{"class":160},[68,97929,472],{"class":78},[68,97931,475],{"class":160},[68,97933,472],{"class":78},[68,97935,480],{"class":160},[68,97937,9338],{"class":78},[68,97939,97940],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97941,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97943,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,97945,2297],{"class":106},[68,97947,111],{"class":110},[68,97949,4308],{"class":106},[68,97951,236],{"class":78},[68,97953,11413],{"class":138},[68,97955,8677],{"class":78},[68,97957,97958],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,97959,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,97963,129],{"class":128},[68,97965,79],{"class":78},[68,97967,2331],{"class":138},[68,97969,85],{"class":78},[68,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,97973,129],{"class":128},[68,97975,79],{"class":78},[68,97977,3693],{"class":138},[68,97979,85],{"class":78},[20,97981,180],{},[59,97983,97985],{"className":61,"code":97984,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"None\nset()\n",[15,97986,97987,97991],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,97988,97989],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,97990,11840],{"class":526},[68,97992,97993,97995],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,97994,6328],{"class":74},[68,97996,8677],{"class":78},[20,97998,97999],{},"Do not do this:",[59,98001,98003],{"className":61,"code":98002,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98004,98005,98025,98039,98043],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98006,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98008,3663],{"class":106},[68,98010,111],{"class":110},[68,98012,1221],{"class":78},[68,98014,469],{"class":160},[68,98016,472],{"class":78},[68,98018,475],{"class":160},[68,98020,472],{"class":78},[68,98022,480],{"class":160},[68,98024,9338],{"class":78},[68,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98028,3663],{"class":106},[68,98030,111],{"class":110},[68,98032,4308],{"class":106},[68,98034,236],{"class":78},[68,98036,11413],{"class":138},[68,98038,8677],{"class":78},[68,98040,98041],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98042,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,98046,129],{"class":128},[68,98048,79],{"class":78},[68,98050,3693],{"class":138},[68,98052,85],{"class":78},[20,98054,180],{},[59,98056,98057],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98058,98059],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98060,98061],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98062,11840],{"class":526},[20,98064,22224,98065,1541,98067,98069,98070,98072,98073,236],{},[15,98066,54576],{},[15,98068,3824],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98071,3824],{}," back to ",[15,98074,3693],{},[93,98076,4563],{"id":4562},[20,98078,10777,98079,236],{},[15,98080,97416],{},[1470,98082,12626,98084],{"id":98083},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98085,11351],{},[20,98087,16676],{},[59,98089,98091],{"className":61,"code":98090,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98092,98093,98113,98127],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98094,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98096,15660],{"class":106},[68,98098,111],{"class":110},[68,98100,1221],{"class":78},[68,98102,469],{"class":160},[68,98104,472],{"class":78},[68,98106,475],{"class":160},[68,98108,472],{"class":78},[68,98110,480],{"class":160},[68,98112,9338],{"class":78},[68,98114,98115,98117,98119,98121,98123,98125],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98116,15660],{"class":106},[68,98118,111],{"class":110},[68,98120,96940],{"class":106},[68,98122,236],{"class":78},[68,98124,11413],{"class":138},[68,98126,8677],{"class":78},[68,98128,98129,98131,98133,98135],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98130,129],{"class":128},[68,98132,79],{"class":78},[68,98134,15698],{"class":138},[68,98136,85],{"class":78},[20,98138,180],{},[59,98140,98141],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98142,98143],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98144,98145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98146,11840],{"class":526},[20,98148,16688],{},[59,98150,98152],{"className":61,"code":98151,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98153,98154,98174,98184],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98155,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164,98166,98168,98170,98172],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98157,15660],{"class":106},[68,98159,111],{"class":110},[68,98161,1221],{"class":78},[68,98163,469],{"class":160},[68,98165,472],{"class":78},[68,98167,475],{"class":160},[68,98169,472],{"class":78},[68,98171,480],{"class":160},[68,98173,9338],{"class":78},[68,98175,98176,98178,98180,98182],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98177,15698],{"class":106},[68,98179,236],{"class":78},[68,98181,11413],{"class":138},[68,98183,8677],{"class":78},[68,98185,98186,98188,98190,98192],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98187,129],{"class":128},[68,98189,79],{"class":78},[68,98191,15698],{"class":138},[68,98193,85],{"class":78},[20,98195,180],{},[59,98197,98198],{"className":61,"code":97474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98199,98200],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98201,98202,98204],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98203,6328],{"class":74},[68,98205,8677],{"class":78},[1470,98207,1770,98209,98211],{"id":98208},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98210,11351],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98213,98214,98216,98217,98219],{},[15,98215,11351],{}," removes ",[1301,98218,3761],{}," items from the set.",[20,98221,98222,98223,384,98228,236],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[49,98224,98226],{"href":98225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98227,55545],{},[49,98229,98231],{"href":98230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98232,12795],{},[1470,98234,633,98236,98238],{"id":98235},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98237,3838],{}," for an empty set",[20,98240,25724],{},[59,98242,98244],{"className":61,"code":98243,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98245,98246,98255],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98247,98248,98251,98253],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98249,98250],{"class":106},"empty_value ",[68,98252,111],{"class":110},[68,98254,9868],{"class":78},[68,98256,98257,98259,98261,98263,98265,98268],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98258,129],{"class":128},[68,98260,79],{"class":78},[68,98262,75],{"class":74},[68,98264,79],{"class":78},[68,98266,98267],{"class":138},"empty_value",[68,98269,142],{"class":78},[20,98271,180],{},[59,98273,98274],{"className":61,"code":8843,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98275,98276],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98277,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98288],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98279,190],{"class":110},[68,98281,194],{"class":193},[68,98283,197],{"class":114},[68,98285,280],{"class":118},[68,98287,203],{"class":114},[68,98289,206],{"class":110},[20,98291,98292,8823],{},[15,98293,3838],{},[20,98295,98296],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[59,98298,98300],{"className":61,"code":98299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98301,98302,98313],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98303,98304,98307,98309,98311],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98305,98306],{"class":106},"empty_set ",[68,98308,111],{"class":110},[68,98310,15665],{"class":74},[68,98312,8677],{"class":78},[68,98314,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323,98326],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98316,129],{"class":128},[68,98318,79],{"class":78},[68,98320,75],{"class":74},[68,98322,79],{"class":78},[68,98324,98325],{"class":138},"empty_set",[68,98327,142],{"class":78},[20,98329,180],{},[59,98331,98332],{"className":61,"code":8886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98333,98334],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98335,98336,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98337,190],{"class":110},[68,98339,194],{"class":193},[68,98341,197],{"class":114},[68,98343,6328],{"class":118},[68,98345,203],{"class":114},[68,98347,206],{"class":110},[1470,98349,98351],{"id":98350},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[59,98353,98355],{"className":61,"code":98354,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98356,98357,98381,98389,98393,98403,98407,98417],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98358,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98360,2618],{"class":106},[68,98362,111],{"class":110},[68,98364,1221],{"class":78},[68,98366,344],{"class":114},[68,98368,2245],{"class":118},[68,98370,344],{"class":114},[68,98372,472],{"class":78},[68,98374,115],{"class":114},[68,98376,11777],{"class":118},[68,98378,344],{"class":114},[68,98380,9338],{"class":78},[68,98382,98383,98385,98387],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98384,2646],{"class":106},[68,98386,111],{"class":110},[68,98388,36207],{"class":106},[68,98390,98391],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98392,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,98394,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,98396,49],{"class":106},[68,98398,236],{"class":78},[68,98400,11413],{"class":138},[68,98402,8677],{"class":78},[68,98404,98405],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,98406,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,98408,98409,98411,98413,98415],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,98410,129],{"class":128},[68,98412,79],{"class":78},[68,98414,49],{"class":138},[68,98416,85],{"class":78},[68,98418,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,98420,129],{"class":128},[68,98422,79],{"class":78},[68,98424,4806],{"class":138},[68,98426,85],{"class":78},[20,98428,180],{},[59,98430,98431],{"className":61,"code":97748,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98432,98433,98439],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98434,98435,98437],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98436,6328],{"class":74},[68,98438,8677],{"class":78},[68,98440,98441,98443],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98442,6328],{"class":74},[68,98444,8677],{"class":78},[20,98446,1928,98447,232,98449,98451],{},[15,98448,49],{},[15,98450,4806],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[93,98453,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,98455,1878,98457,1881],{"id":98456},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98458,97416],{},[20,98460,5191,98461,98463],{},[15,98462,3824],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1470,98465,12736,98467,98469],{"id":98466},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98468,11351],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98471,98472],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1470,98474,98476],{"id":98475},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98478,98479,98480,98482,98483,236],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98481,11351],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98484,3843],{},[1470,98486,5221,98488,232,98490,1906],{"id":98487},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98489,11351],{},[15,98491,3843],{},[20,98493,98494,98496,98497,98499],{},[15,98495,11351],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98498,3843],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[93,98501,1952],{"id":1951},[33,98503,98504,98508,98512,98519,98525,98531],{},[36,98505,98506],{},[49,98507,96344],{"href":97515},[36,98509,98510],{},[49,98511,97354],{"href":97899},[36,98513,98514],{},[49,98515,96830,98517,10770],{"href":98516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98518,96219],{},[36,98520,98521],{},[49,98522,96830,98523,10770],{"href":98225},[15,98524,55545],{},[36,98526,98527],{},[49,98528,96830,98529,10770],{"href":98230},[15,98530,12795],{},[36,98532,98533],{},[49,98534,96830,98536,10770],{"href":98535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98537,14985],{},[1995,98539,98540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":98542},[98543,98545,98546,98547,98554,98555,98564,98573],{"id":97490,"depth":125,"text":98544},"What set.clear() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":97654,"depth":125,"text":98548,"children":98549},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98550,98552],{"id":97667,"depth":145,"text":98551},"Using clear()",{"id":97771,"depth":145,"text":98553},"Using set()",{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":98556},[98557,98559,98561,98563],{"id":98083,"depth":145,"text":98558},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98208,"depth":145,"text":98560},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98235,"depth":145,"text":98562},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98350,"depth":145,"text":98351},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":98565},[98566,98568,98570,98571],{"id":98456,"depth":145,"text":98567},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98466,"depth":145,"text":98569},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98475,"depth":145,"text":98476},{"id":98487,"depth":145,"text":98572},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97404,"description":98574},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98581,"title":98582,"body":98583,"description":100415,"extension":2033,"meta":100416,"navigation":148,"path":96347,"seo":100417,"stem":100418,"__hash__":100419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98584,"toc":100372},[98585,98588,98591,98594,98596,98699,98703,98750,98756,98758,98777,98781,98784,98786,98800,98809,98813,98816,98851,98855,98875,98878,98882,98885,98946,98950,98975,98982,98988,98993,98995,99007,99011,99060,99064,99088,99095,99099,99140,99144,99165,99169,99202,99206,99247,99250,99254,99259,99298,99302,99327,99332,99338,99375,99379,99402,99406,99408,99411,99414,99491,99495,99532,99535,99539,99545,99548,99558,99607,99613,99619,99646,99649,99671,99673,99704,99707,99711,99715,99754,99758,99821,99824,99857,99861,99886,99888,99891,99897,99900,99927,99930,99948,99952,99956,99959,100002,100005,100009,100012,100015,100045,100048,100052,100055,100070,100075,100079,100082,100171,100173,100176,100266,100269,100287,100289,100293,100303,100307,100315,100319,100322,100326,100329,100333,100336,100338,100366,100369],[10,98586,98582],{"id":98587},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98589,98590],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98592,98593],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[93,98595,96],{"id":95},[59,98597,98599],{"className":61,"code":98598,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98600,98601,98621,98655,98665,98669,98679,98689],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98602,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98604,3663],{"class":106},[68,98606,111],{"class":110},[68,98608,1221],{"class":78},[68,98610,469],{"class":160},[68,98612,472],{"class":78},[68,98614,475],{"class":160},[68,98616,472],{"class":78},[68,98618,480],{"class":160},[68,98620,9338],{"class":78},[68,98622,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98624,4114],{"class":106},[68,98626,111],{"class":110},[68,98628,15665],{"class":74},[68,98630,466],{"class":78},[68,98632,344],{"class":114},[68,98634,4123],{"class":118},[68,98636,344],{"class":114},[68,98638,472],{"class":78},[68,98640,115],{"class":114},[68,98642,4132],{"class":118},[68,98644,344],{"class":114},[68,98646,472],{"class":78},[68,98648,115],{"class":114},[68,98650,4123],{"class":118},[68,98652,344],{"class":114},[68,98654,3933],{"class":78},[68,98656,98657,98659,98661,98663],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98658,98306],{"class":106},[68,98660,111],{"class":110},[68,98662,15665],{"class":74},[68,98664,8677],{"class":78},[68,98666,98667],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,98668,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,98672,129],{"class":128},[68,98674,79],{"class":78},[68,98676,3693],{"class":138},[68,98678,85],{"class":78},[68,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,98682,129],{"class":128},[68,98684,79],{"class":78},[68,98686,4158],{"class":138},[68,98688,85],{"class":78},[68,98690,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,98692,129],{"class":128},[68,98694,79],{"class":78},[68,98696,98325],{"class":138},[68,98698,85],{"class":78},[20,98700,98701],{},[1301,98702,180],{},[59,98704,98706],{"className":61,"code":98705,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98707,98708,98724,98744],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98709,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98711,9308],{"class":78},[68,98713,469],{"class":160},[68,98715,472],{"class":78},[68,98717,475],{"class":160},[68,98719,472],{"class":78},[68,98721,480],{"class":160},[68,98723,9338],{"class":78},[68,98725,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98727,9308],{"class":78},[68,98729,203],{"class":114},[68,98731,4132],{"class":118},[68,98733,203],{"class":114},[68,98735,472],{"class":78},[68,98737,197],{"class":114},[68,98739,4123],{"class":118},[68,98741,203],{"class":114},[68,98743,9338],{"class":78},[68,98745,98746,98748],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98747,6328],{"class":74},[68,98749,8677],{"class":78},[20,98751,98752,98753,98755],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98754,3843],{}," for an empty set.",[93,98757,15194],{"id":15193},[33,98759,98760,98763,98768,98771,98774],{},[36,98761,98762],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,98764,98765,98766],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98767,3843],{},[36,98769,98770],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,98772,98773],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,98775,98776],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[93,98778,98780],{"id":98779},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98782,98783],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98785,30574],{},[33,98787,98788,98791,98794,98797],{},[36,98789,98790],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,98792,98793],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,98795,98796],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,98798,98799],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98801,98802,98803,384,98805,236],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[49,98804,96344],{"href":97515},[49,98806,98808],{"href":98807},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[93,98810,98812],{"id":98811},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98814,98815],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[59,98817,98819],{"className":61,"code":98818,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98820,98821,98841],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98824,3663],{"class":106},[68,98826,111],{"class":110},[68,98828,1221],{"class":78},[68,98830,469],{"class":160},[68,98832,472],{"class":78},[68,98834,475],{"class":160},[68,98836,472],{"class":78},[68,98838,480],{"class":160},[68,98840,9338],{"class":78},[68,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98844,129],{"class":128},[68,98846,79],{"class":78},[68,98848,3693],{"class":138},[68,98850,85],{"class":78},[20,98852,98853],{},[1301,98854,30064],{},[59,98856,98857],{"className":61,"code":96623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,98858,98859],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98860,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98862,9308],{"class":78},[68,98864,469],{"class":160},[68,98866,472],{"class":78},[68,98868,475],{"class":160},[68,98870,472],{"class":78},[68,98872,480],{"class":160},[68,98874,9338],{"class":78},[20,98876,98877],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1470,98879,98881],{"id":98880},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98883,98884],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[59,98886,98888],{"className":61,"code":98887,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98889,98890,98922,98932],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98891,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914,98916,98918,98920],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98893,3663],{"class":106},[68,98895,111],{"class":110},[68,98897,1221],{"class":78},[68,98899,469],{"class":160},[68,98901,472],{"class":78},[68,98903,475],{"class":160},[68,98905,472],{"class":78},[68,98907,475],{"class":160},[68,98909,472],{"class":78},[68,98911,480],{"class":160},[68,98913,472],{"class":78},[68,98915,480],{"class":160},[68,98917,472],{"class":78},[68,98919,480],{"class":160},[68,98921,9338],{"class":78},[68,98923,98924,98926,98928,98930],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98925,129],{"class":128},[68,98927,79],{"class":78},[68,98929,3693],{"class":138},[68,98931,85],{"class":78},[68,98933,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,98935,129],{"class":128},[68,98937,79],{"class":78},[68,98939,11191],{"class":128},[68,98941,79],{"class":78},[68,98943,3693],{"class":138},[68,98945,142],{"class":78},[20,98947,98948],{},[1301,98949,30064],{},[59,98951,98953],{"className":61,"code":98952,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98954,98955,98971],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,98956,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,98958,9308],{"class":78},[68,98960,469],{"class":160},[68,98962,472],{"class":78},[68,98964,475],{"class":160},[68,98966,472],{"class":78},[68,98968,480],{"class":160},[68,98970,9338],{"class":78},[68,98972,98973],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,98974,46637],{"class":160},[20,98976,21012,98977,232,98979,98981],{},[15,98978,2129],{},[15,98980,2135],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[93,98983,98985,98986],{"id":98984},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98987,3843],{},[20,98989,224,98990,98992],{},[15,98991,3843],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98994,5499],{},[33,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003],{},[36,98998,97103],{},[36,99000,96399],{},[36,99002,56481],{},[36,99004,99005],{},[15,99006,36230],{},[1470,99008,99010],{"id":99009},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[59,99012,99014],{"className":61,"code":99013,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99015,99016,99050],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99017,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99019,3663],{"class":106},[68,99021,111],{"class":110},[68,99023,15665],{"class":74},[68,99025,466],{"class":78},[68,99027,469],{"class":160},[68,99029,472],{"class":78},[68,99031,475],{"class":160},[68,99033,472],{"class":78},[68,99035,475],{"class":160},[68,99037,472],{"class":78},[68,99039,480],{"class":160},[68,99041,472],{"class":78},[68,99043,480],{"class":160},[68,99045,472],{"class":78},[68,99047,2521],{"class":160},[68,99049,3933],{"class":78},[68,99051,99052,99054,99056,99058],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99053,129],{"class":128},[68,99055,79],{"class":78},[68,99057,3693],{"class":138},[68,99059,85],{"class":78},[20,99061,99062],{},[1301,99063,30064],{},[59,99065,99066],{"className":61,"code":96286,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,99067,99068],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99069,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99071,9308],{"class":78},[68,99073,469],{"class":160},[68,99075,472],{"class":78},[68,99077,475],{"class":160},[68,99079,472],{"class":78},[68,99081,480],{"class":160},[68,99083,472],{"class":78},[68,99085,2521],{"class":160},[68,99087,9338],{"class":78},[20,99089,99090,99091,236],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[49,99092,99094],{"href":99093},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1470,99096,99098],{"id":99097},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[59,99100,99102],{"className":61,"code":99101,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99103,99104,99130],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99105,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99107,3869],{"class":106},[68,99109,111],{"class":110},[68,99111,15665],{"class":74},[68,99113,5552],{"class":78},[68,99115,438],{"class":160},[68,99117,472],{"class":78},[68,99119,7828],{"class":160},[68,99121,472],{"class":78},[68,99123,7828],{"class":160},[68,99125,472],{"class":78},[68,99127,7833],{"class":160},[68,99129,142],{"class":78},[68,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99133,129],{"class":128},[68,99135,79],{"class":78},[68,99137,5401],{"class":138},[68,99139,85],{"class":78},[20,99141,99142],{},[1301,99143,30064],{},[59,99145,99147],{"className":61,"code":99146,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99148,99149],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99150,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99152,9308],{"class":78},[68,99154,438],{"class":160},[68,99156,472],{"class":78},[68,99158,7828],{"class":160},[68,99160,472],{"class":78},[68,99162,7833],{"class":160},[68,99164,9338],{"class":78},[1470,99166,99168],{"id":99167},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[59,99170,99172],{"className":61,"code":99171,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99173,99174,99192],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99177,36122],{"class":106},[68,99179,111],{"class":110},[68,99181,15665],{"class":74},[68,99183,79],{"class":78},[68,99185,344],{"class":114},[68,99187,347],{"class":118},[68,99189,344],{"class":114},[68,99191,85],{"class":78},[68,99193,99194,99196,99198,99200],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99195,129],{"class":128},[68,99197,79],{"class":78},[68,99199,36175],{"class":138},[68,99201,85],{"class":78},[20,99203,99204],{},[1301,99205,30064],{},[59,99207,99209],{"className":61,"code":99208,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99210,99211],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99212,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99214,9308],{"class":78},[68,99216,203],{"class":114},[68,99218,60455],{"class":118},[68,99220,203],{"class":114},[68,99222,472],{"class":78},[68,99224,197],{"class":114},[68,99226,60464],{"class":118},[68,99228,203],{"class":114},[68,99230,472],{"class":78},[68,99232,197],{"class":114},[68,99234,60473],{"class":118},[68,99236,203],{"class":114},[68,99238,472],{"class":78},[68,99240,197],{"class":114},[68,99242,60490],{"class":118},[68,99244,203],{"class":114},[68,99246,9338],{"class":78},[20,99248,99249],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[93,99251,99253],{"id":99252},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99255,99256,99257,236],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99258,3843],{},[59,99260,99262],{"className":61,"code":99261,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99263,99264,99274,99284],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99265,99266,99268,99270,99272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99267,98306],{"class":106},[68,99269,111],{"class":110},[68,99271,15665],{"class":74},[68,99273,8677],{"class":78},[68,99275,99276,99278,99280,99282],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99277,129],{"class":128},[68,99279,79],{"class":78},[68,99281,98325],{"class":138},[68,99283,85],{"class":78},[68,99285,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,99287,129],{"class":128},[68,99289,79],{"class":78},[68,99291,75],{"class":74},[68,99293,79],{"class":78},[68,99295,98325],{"class":138},[68,99297,142],{"class":78},[20,99299,99300],{},[1301,99301,180],{},[59,99303,99305],{"className":61,"code":99304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99306,99307,99313],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99308,99309,99311],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99310,6328],{"class":74},[68,99312,8677],{"class":78},[68,99314,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99316,190],{"class":110},[68,99318,194],{"class":193},[68,99320,197],{"class":114},[68,99322,6328],{"class":118},[68,99324,203],{"class":114},[68,99326,206],{"class":110},[1470,99328,44458,99330],{"id":99329},"do-not-use",[15,99331,3838],{},[20,99333,99334,99335,99337],{},"Empty braces do ",[1301,99336,1303],{}," create a set.",[59,99339,99341],{"className":61,"code":99340,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99342,99343,99351,99361],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99344,99345,99347,99349],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99346,98250],{"class":106},[68,99348,111],{"class":110},[68,99350,9868],{"class":78},[68,99352,99353,99355,99357,99359],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99354,129],{"class":128},[68,99356,79],{"class":78},[68,99358,98267],{"class":138},[68,99360,85],{"class":78},[68,99362,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,99364,129],{"class":128},[68,99366,79],{"class":78},[68,99368,75],{"class":74},[68,99370,79],{"class":78},[68,99372,98267],{"class":138},[68,99374,142],{"class":78},[20,99376,99377],{},[1301,99378,180],{},[59,99380,99382],{"className":61,"code":99381,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99383,99384,99388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99385,99386],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99387,9464],{"class":78},[68,99389,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99391,190],{"class":110},[68,99393,194],{"class":193},[68,99395,197],{"class":114},[68,99397,280],{"class":118},[68,99399,203],{"class":114},[68,99401,206],{"class":110},[20,99403,99404,8823],{},[15,99405,3838],{},[93,99407,72283],{"id":72282},[20,99409,99410],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99412,99413],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[59,99415,99417],{"className":61,"code":99416,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99418,99419,99467,99477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99420,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463,99465],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99422,4114],{"class":106},[68,99424,111],{"class":110},[68,99426,1221],{"class":78},[68,99428,344],{"class":114},[68,99430,4123],{"class":118},[68,99432,344],{"class":114},[68,99434,472],{"class":78},[68,99436,115],{"class":114},[68,99438,4132],{"class":118},[68,99440,344],{"class":114},[68,99442,472],{"class":78},[68,99444,115],{"class":114},[68,99446,4123],{"class":118},[68,99448,344],{"class":114},[68,99450,472],{"class":78},[68,99452,115],{"class":114},[68,99454,4123],{"class":118},[68,99456,344],{"class":114},[68,99458,472],{"class":78},[68,99460,115],{"class":114},[68,99462,33254],{"class":118},[68,99464,344],{"class":114},[68,99466,9338],{"class":78},[68,99468,99469,99471,99473,99475],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99470,129],{"class":128},[68,99472,79],{"class":78},[68,99474,4158],{"class":138},[68,99476,85],{"class":78},[68,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,99480,129],{"class":128},[68,99482,79],{"class":78},[68,99484,11191],{"class":128},[68,99486,79],{"class":78},[68,99488,4158],{"class":138},[68,99490,142],{"class":78},[20,99492,99493],{},[1301,99494,30064],{},[59,99496,99498],{"className":61,"code":99497,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99499,99500,99528],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99501,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99503,9308],{"class":78},[68,99505,203],{"class":114},[68,99507,4132],{"class":118},[68,99509,203],{"class":114},[68,99511,472],{"class":78},[68,99513,197],{"class":114},[68,99515,33254],{"class":118},[68,99517,203],{"class":114},[68,99519,472],{"class":78},[68,99521,197],{"class":114},[68,99523,4123],{"class":118},[68,99525,203],{"class":114},[68,99527,9338],{"class":78},[68,99529,99530],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99531,46637],{"class":160},[20,99533,99534],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[93,99536,99538],{"id":99537},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99540,99541,99542,99544],{},"Set items must be ",[1301,99543,96387],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99546,99547],{},"These usually work:",[33,99549,99550,99552,99554,99556],{},[36,99551,56478],{},[36,99553,56481],{},[36,99555,96399],{},[36,99557,40629],{},[59,99559,99561],{"className":61,"code":99560,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99562,99563,99597],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99564,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99566,3869],{"class":106},[68,99568,111],{"class":110},[68,99570,1221],{"class":78},[68,99572,469],{"class":160},[68,99574,472],{"class":78},[68,99576,115],{"class":114},[68,99578,4123],{"class":118},[68,99580,344],{"class":114},[68,99582,472],{"class":78},[68,99584,9266],{"class":78},[68,99586,438],{"class":160},[68,99588,472],{"class":78},[68,99590,7828],{"class":160},[68,99592,9263],{"class":78},[68,99594,3960],{"class":526},[68,99596,9338],{"class":78},[68,99598,99599,99601,99603,99605],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99600,129],{"class":128},[68,99602,79],{"class":78},[68,99604,5401],{"class":138},[68,99606,85],{"class":78},[20,99608,99609,99610,99612],{},"These do ",[1301,99611,1303],{}," work directly:",[33,99614,99615,99617],{},[36,99616,97103],{},[36,99618,97106],{},[59,99620,99622],{"className":61,"code":99621,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99623,99624],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99625,99626,99629,99631,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99627,99628],{"class":106},"bad_set ",[68,99630,111],{"class":110},[68,99632,99633],{"class":78}," {[",[68,99635,469],{"class":160},[68,99637,472],{"class":78},[68,99639,475],{"class":160},[68,99641,472],{"class":78},[68,99643,480],{"class":160},[68,99645,13738],{"class":78},[20,99647,99648],{},"This raises an error:",[59,99650,99651],{"className":61,"code":97162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,99652,99653],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99654,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99656,3060],{"class":74},[68,99658,503],{"class":78},[68,99660,97173],{"class":106},[68,99662,75],{"class":74},[68,99664,503],{"class":78},[68,99666,197],{"class":114},[68,99668,274],{"class":118},[68,99670,29734],{"class":114},[20,99672,52095],{},[59,99674,99676],{"className":61,"code":99675,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99677,99678],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99679,99680,99682,99684,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99681,99628],{"class":106},[68,99683,111],{"class":110},[68,99685,99686],{"class":78}," {{",[68,99688,344],{"class":114},[68,99690,139],{"class":118},[68,99692,344],{"class":114},[68,99694,503],{"class":78},[68,99696,115],{"class":114},[68,99698,7714],{"class":118},[68,99700,344],{"class":114},[68,99702,99703],{"class":78},"}}\n",[20,99705,99706],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[93,99708,99710],{"id":99709},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1470,99712,99714],{"id":99713},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[59,99716,99718],{"className":61,"code":99717,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99719,99720,99744],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99721,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99723,3663],{"class":106},[68,99725,111],{"class":110},[68,99727,1221],{"class":78},[68,99729,469],{"class":160},[68,99731,472],{"class":78},[68,99733,475],{"class":160},[68,99735,472],{"class":78},[68,99737,480],{"class":160},[68,99739,472],{"class":78},[68,99741,2521],{"class":160},[68,99743,9338],{"class":78},[68,99745,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99747,129],{"class":128},[68,99749,79],{"class":78},[68,99751,3693],{"class":138},[68,99753,85],{"class":78},[1470,99755,99757],{"id":99756},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[59,99759,99761],{"className":61,"code":99760,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99762,99763,99791,99806,99810],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99764,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99766,7817],{"class":106},[68,99768,111],{"class":110},[68,99770,725],{"class":78},[68,99772,469],{"class":160},[68,99774,472],{"class":78},[68,99776,5539],{"class":160},[68,99778,472],{"class":78},[68,99780,475],{"class":160},[68,99782,472],{"class":78},[68,99784,480],{"class":160},[68,99786,472],{"class":78},[68,99788,480],{"class":160},[68,99790,730],{"class":78},[68,99792,99793,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99794,99795],{"class":106},"unique_items ",[68,99797,111],{"class":110},[68,99799,15665],{"class":74},[68,99801,79],{"class":78},[68,99803,7848],{"class":138},[68,99805,85],{"class":78},[68,99807,99808],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,99809,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,99811,99812,99814,99816,99819],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,99813,129],{"class":128},[68,99815,79],{"class":78},[68,99817,99818],{"class":138},"unique_items",[68,99820,85],{"class":78},[1470,99822,99168],{"id":99823},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[59,99825,99827],{"className":61,"code":99826,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99828,99829,99847],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99830,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99832,36122],{"class":106},[68,99834,111],{"class":110},[68,99836,15665],{"class":74},[68,99838,79],{"class":78},[68,99840,344],{"class":114},[68,99842,4132],{"class":118},[68,99844,344],{"class":114},[68,99846,85],{"class":78},[68,99848,99849,99851,99853,99855],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99850,129],{"class":128},[68,99852,79],{"class":78},[68,99854,36175],{"class":138},[68,99856,85],{"class":78},[1470,99858,99860],{"id":99859},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[59,99862,99864],{"className":61,"code":99863,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99865,99866,99876],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99867,99868,99870,99872,99874],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99869,98306],{"class":106},[68,99871,111],{"class":110},[68,99873,15665],{"class":74},[68,99875,8677],{"class":78},[68,99877,99878,99880,99882,99884],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99879,129],{"class":128},[68,99881,79],{"class":78},[68,99883,98325],{"class":138},[68,99885,85],{"class":78},[93,99887,1750],{"id":1749},[20,99889,99890],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1470,99892,633,99894,99896],{"id":99893},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99895,3838],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99898,99899],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[59,99901,99903],{"className":61,"code":99902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99904,99905,99913],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99906,99907,99909,99911],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99908,652],{"class":106},[68,99910,111],{"class":110},[68,99912,9868],{"class":78},[68,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99916,129],{"class":128},[68,99918,79],{"class":78},[68,99920,75],{"class":74},[68,99922,79],{"class":78},[68,99924,665],{"class":138},[68,99926,142],{"class":78},[20,99928,99929],{},"This prints:",[59,99931,99932],{"className":61,"code":8843,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,99933,99934],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99935,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99937,190],{"class":110},[68,99939,194],{"class":193},[68,99941,197],{"class":114},[68,99943,280],{"class":118},[68,99945,203],{"class":114},[68,99947,206],{"class":110},[20,99949,224,99950,6670],{},[15,99951,3843],{},[1470,99953,99955],{"id":99954},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99957,99958],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[59,99960,99962],{"className":61,"code":99961,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99963,99964,99992],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,99965,99966,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980,99982,99984,99986,99988,99990],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,99967,3663],{"class":106},[68,99969,111],{"class":110},[68,99971,1221],{"class":78},[68,99973,469],{"class":160},[68,99975,472],{"class":78},[68,99977,5539],{"class":160},[68,99979,472],{"class":78},[68,99981,475],{"class":160},[68,99983,472],{"class":78},[68,99985,475],{"class":160},[68,99987,472],{"class":78},[68,99989,480],{"class":160},[68,99991,9338],{"class":78},[68,99993,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,99995,129],{"class":128},[68,99997,79],{"class":78},[68,99999,3693],{"class":138},[68,100001,85],{"class":78},[20,100003,100004],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1470,100006,100008],{"id":100007},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100010,100011],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100013,100014],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[59,100016,100018],{"className":61,"code":100017,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100019,100020,100040],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100021,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100023,3663],{"class":106},[68,100025,111],{"class":110},[68,100027,1221],{"class":78},[68,100029,438],{"class":160},[68,100031,472],{"class":78},[68,100033,7828],{"class":160},[68,100035,472],{"class":78},[68,100037,7833],{"class":160},[68,100039,9338],{"class":78},[68,100041,100042],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100043,100044],{"class":3708},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100046,100047],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1470,100049,100051],{"id":100050},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100053,100054],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[59,100056,100058],{"className":61,"code":100057,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100059,100060,100065],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100061,100062],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100063,100064],{"class":3708},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[68,100066,100067],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100068,100069],{"class":3708},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100071,100072,100073,236],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100074,3060],{},[1470,100076,100078],{"id":100077},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100080,100081],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[59,100083,100085],{"className":61,"code":100084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100086,100087,100107,100139,100143,100157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100088,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100090,15660],{"class":106},[68,100092,111],{"class":110},[68,100094,1221],{"class":78},[68,100096,469],{"class":160},[68,100098,472],{"class":78},[68,100100,475],{"class":160},[68,100102,472],{"class":78},[68,100104,480],{"class":160},[68,100106,9338],{"class":78},[68,100108,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100110,11756],{"class":106},[68,100112,111],{"class":110},[68,100114,1221],{"class":78},[68,100116,344],{"class":114},[68,100118,49],{"class":118},[68,100120,344],{"class":114},[68,100122,503],{"class":78},[68,100124,5539],{"class":160},[68,100126,472],{"class":78},[68,100128,115],{"class":114},[68,100130,4806],{"class":118},[68,100132,344],{"class":114},[68,100134,503],{"class":78},[68,100136,475],{"class":160},[68,100138,9338],{"class":78},[68,100140,100141],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,100142,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,100144,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,100146,129],{"class":128},[68,100148,79],{"class":78},[68,100150,75],{"class":74},[68,100152,79],{"class":78},[68,100154,15698],{"class":138},[68,100156,142],{"class":78},[68,100158,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,100160,129],{"class":128},[68,100162,79],{"class":78},[68,100164,75],{"class":74},[68,100166,79],{"class":78},[68,100168,11480],{"class":138},[68,100170,142],{"class":78},[93,100172,92799],{"id":92798},[20,100174,100175],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[59,100177,100179],{"className":61,"code":100178,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100180,100181,100207,100211,100225,100235,100249,100256],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100182,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100184,15660],{"class":106},[68,100186,111],{"class":110},[68,100188,15665],{"class":74},[68,100190,466],{"class":78},[68,100192,469],{"class":160},[68,100194,472],{"class":78},[68,100196,475],{"class":160},[68,100198,472],{"class":78},[68,100200,475],{"class":160},[68,100202,472],{"class":78},[68,100204,480],{"class":160},[68,100206,3933],{"class":78},[68,100208,100209],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100210,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,100212,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,100214,129],{"class":128},[68,100216,79],{"class":78},[68,100218,75],{"class":74},[68,100220,79],{"class":78},[68,100222,15698],{"class":138},[68,100224,142],{"class":78},[68,100226,100227,100229,100231,100233],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,100228,129],{"class":128},[68,100230,79],{"class":78},[68,100232,15698],{"class":138},[68,100234,85],{"class":78},[68,100236,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,100238,129],{"class":128},[68,100240,79],{"class":78},[68,100242,11191],{"class":128},[68,100244,79],{"class":78},[68,100246,15698],{"class":138},[68,100248,142],{"class":78},[68,100250,100251,100253],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,100252,129],{"class":128},[68,100254,100255],{"class":78},"({})\n",[68,100257,100258,100260,100262,100264],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,100259,129],{"class":128},[68,100261,79],{"class":78},[68,100263,6328],{"class":74},[68,100265,7231],{"class":78},[20,100267,100268],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,100270,100271,100274,100277,100280],{},[36,100272,100273],{},"The object type",[36,100275,100276],{},"The actual values stored",[36,100278,100279],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,100281,100282,100283,232,100285],{},"The difference between ",[15,100284,3838],{},[15,100286,3843],{},[93,100288,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,100290,100292],{"id":100291},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100294,100295,100296,100299,100300,100302],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100297,100298],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100301,3843],{}," with another iterable.",[1470,100304,100306],{"id":100305},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100308,224,100309,100311,100312,100314],{},[15,100310,3843],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100313,3838],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1470,100316,100318],{"id":100317},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100320,100321],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1470,100323,100325],{"id":100324},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100327,100328],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1470,100330,100332],{"id":100331},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100334,100335],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[93,100337,1952],{"id":1951},[33,100339,100340,100344,100350,100356,100361],{},[36,100341,100342],{},[49,100343,96344],{"href":97515},[36,100345,100346],{},[49,100347,13,100348,10770],{"href":98516},[15,100349,96224],{},[36,100351,100352],{},[49,100353,13,100354,10770],{"href":98535},[15,100355,97330],{},[36,100357,100358],{},[49,100359,100360],{"href":99093},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[36,100362,100363],{},[49,100364,100365],{"href":98807},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100367,100368],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1995,100370,100371],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":100373},[100374,100375,100376,100377,100380,100386,100390,100391,100392,100398,100406,100407,100414],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":98779,"depth":125,"text":98780},{"id":98811,"depth":125,"text":98812,"children":100378},[100379],{"id":98880,"depth":145,"text":98881},{"id":98984,"depth":125,"text":100381,"children":100382},"Create a set with set()",[100383,100384,100385],{"id":99009,"depth":145,"text":99010},{"id":99097,"depth":145,"text":99098},{"id":99167,"depth":145,"text":99168},{"id":99252,"depth":125,"text":99253,"children":100387},[100388],{"id":99329,"depth":145,"text":100389},"Do not use {}",{"id":72282,"depth":125,"text":72283},{"id":99537,"depth":125,"text":99538},{"id":99709,"depth":125,"text":99710,"children":100393},[100394,100395,100396,100397],{"id":99713,"depth":145,"text":99714},{"id":99756,"depth":145,"text":99757},{"id":99823,"depth":145,"text":99168},{"id":99859,"depth":145,"text":99860},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":100399},[100400,100402,100403,100404,100405],{"id":99893,"depth":145,"text":100401},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99954,"depth":145,"text":99955},{"id":100007,"depth":145,"text":100008},{"id":100050,"depth":145,"text":100051},{"id":100077,"depth":145,"text":100078},{"id":92798,"depth":125,"text":92799},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":100408},[100409,100410,100411,100412,100413],{"id":100291,"depth":145,"text":100292},{"id":100305,"depth":145,"text":100306},{"id":100317,"depth":145,"text":100318},{"id":100324,"depth":145,"text":100325},{"id":100331,"depth":145,"text":100332},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98582,"description":100415},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100421,"title":100422,"body":100423,"description":102854,"extension":2033,"meta":102855,"navigation":148,"path":102856,"seo":102857,"stem":102858,"__hash__":102859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100424,"toc":102819},[100425,100431,100437,100440,100442,100519,100521,100538,100548,100550,100555,100563,100565,100581,100585,100587,100589,100592,100613,100616,100640,100646,100648,100745,100747,100764,100774,100776,100778,100786,100788,100799,100801,100892,100894,100918,100929,100931,100933,100936,101066,101068,101141,101143,101164,101167,101169,101175,101180,101183,101310,101312,101329,101332,101334,101342,101345,101349,101357,101448,101450,101487,101492,101499,101576,101578,101594,101599,101604,101606,101615,101623,101704,101706,101735,101738,101742,101753,101756,101839,101841,101862,101868,101870,101872,101876,101880,101887,101952,101954,101974,101977,102046,102048,102064,102068,102074,102086,102094,102096,102181,102183,102212,102215,102219,102224,102226,102276,102279,102360,102362,102378,102382,102385,102460,102463,102467,102470,102547,102549,102582,102588,102592,102595,102730,102732,102746,102748,102750,102756,102759,102766,102774,102780,102783,102787,102790,102792,102794,102816],[10,100426,96216,100428,11352],{"id":100427},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100429,100430],{},"difference()",[20,100432,100433,100436],{},[15,100434,100435],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100438,100439],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[93,100441,96],{"id":95},[59,100443,100445],{"className":61,"code":100444,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100446,100447,100471,100491,100509],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100448,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100450,2618],{"class":106},[68,100452,111],{"class":110},[68,100454,1221],{"class":78},[68,100456,469],{"class":160},[68,100458,472],{"class":78},[68,100460,475],{"class":160},[68,100462,472],{"class":78},[68,100464,480],{"class":160},[68,100466,472],{"class":78},[68,100468,2521],{"class":160},[68,100470,9338],{"class":78},[68,100472,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100474,2646],{"class":106},[68,100476,111],{"class":110},[68,100478,1221],{"class":78},[68,100480,2135],{"class":160},[68,100482,472],{"class":78},[68,100484,2521],{"class":160},[68,100486,472],{"class":78},[68,100488,4650],{"class":160},[68,100490,9338],{"class":78},[68,100492,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,100494,2297],{"class":106},[68,100496,111],{"class":110},[68,100498,56904],{"class":106},[68,100500,236],{"class":78},[68,100502,2875],{"class":138},[68,100504,79],{"class":78},[68,100506,4806],{"class":138},[68,100508,85],{"class":78},[68,100510,100511,100513,100515,100517],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,100512,129],{"class":128},[68,100514,79],{"class":78},[68,100516,2331],{"class":138},[68,100518,85],{"class":78},[20,100520,180],{},[59,100522,100524],{"className":61,"code":100523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100525,100526],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100527,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100529,9308],{"class":78},[68,100531,469],{"class":160},[68,100533,472],{"class":78},[68,100535,475],{"class":160},[68,100537,9338],{"class":78},[20,100539,100540,100542,100543,100545,100546,236],{},[15,100541,100430],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100544,49],{}," that are not in ",[15,100547,4806],{},[44943,100549],{},[93,100551,3722,100553,3725],{"id":100552},"what-difference-does",[15,100554,100430],{},[20,100556,2050,100557,100559,100560,100562],{},[15,100558,100430],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1301,100561,1303],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100564,13084],{},[33,100566,100567,100572,100575,100578],{},[36,100568,100569,100571],{},[15,100570,100430],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,100573,100574],{},"It creates a new set",[36,100576,100577],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,100579,100580],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100582,96340,100583,236],{},[49,100584,96344],{"href":97515},[44943,100586],{},[93,100588,303],{"id":302},[20,100590,100591],{},"Use this form:",[59,100593,100595],{"className":61,"code":100594,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100596,100597],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100598,100599,100602,100604,100606,100608,100611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100600,100601],{"class":106},"set1",[68,100603,236],{"class":78},[68,100605,2875],{"class":138},[68,100607,79],{"class":78},[68,100609,100610],{"class":138},"set2",[68,100612,85],{"class":78},[20,100614,100615],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[59,100617,100619],{"className":61,"code":100618,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100620,100621],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100638],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100624,100601],{"class":106},[68,100626,236],{"class":78},[68,100628,2875],{"class":138},[68,100630,79],{"class":78},[68,100632,100610],{"class":138},[68,100634,472],{"class":78},[68,100636,100637],{"class":138}," set3",[68,100639,85],{"class":78},[20,100641,100642,100643,100645],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1301,100644,5396],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100647,326],{},[59,100649,100651],{"className":61,"code":100650,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100652,100653,100681,100697,100709,100713,100735],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100654,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100656,2618],{"class":106},[68,100658,111],{"class":110},[68,100660,1221],{"class":78},[68,100662,469],{"class":160},[68,100664,472],{"class":78},[68,100666,475],{"class":160},[68,100668,472],{"class":78},[68,100670,480],{"class":160},[68,100672,472],{"class":78},[68,100674,2521],{"class":160},[68,100676,472],{"class":78},[68,100678,4650],{"class":160},[68,100680,9338],{"class":78},[68,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100684,2646],{"class":106},[68,100686,111],{"class":110},[68,100688,1221],{"class":78},[68,100690,2129],{"class":160},[68,100692,472],{"class":78},[68,100694,480],{"class":160},[68,100696,9338],{"class":78},[68,100698,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,100700,83199],{"class":106},[68,100702,111],{"class":110},[68,100704,1221],{"class":78},[68,100706,1497],{"class":160},[68,100708,9338],{"class":78},[68,100710,100711],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,100712,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,100714,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,100716,2297],{"class":106},[68,100718,111],{"class":110},[68,100720,56904],{"class":106},[68,100722,236],{"class":78},[68,100724,2875],{"class":138},[68,100726,79],{"class":78},[68,100728,4806],{"class":138},[68,100730,472],{"class":78},[68,100732,9711],{"class":138},[68,100734,85],{"class":78},[68,100736,100737,100739,100741,100743],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,100738,129],{"class":128},[68,100740,79],{"class":78},[68,100742,2331],{"class":138},[68,100744,85],{"class":78},[20,100746,180],{},[59,100748,100750],{"className":61,"code":100749,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100751,100752],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100753,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100755,9308],{"class":78},[68,100757,469],{"class":160},[68,100759,472],{"class":78},[68,100761,2521],{"class":160},[68,100763,9338],{"class":78},[20,100765,100766,100767,100769,100770,384,100772,236],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100768,49],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100771,4806],{},[15,100773,9769],{},[44943,100775],{},[93,100777,17451],{"id":17450},[20,100779,100780,100782,100783,236],{},[15,100781,100430],{}," always returns a ",[1301,100784,100785],{},"new set",[20,100787,43679],{},[33,100789,100790,100793,100796],{},[36,100791,100792],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,100794,100795],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,100797,100798],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100800,326],{},[59,100802,100804],{"className":61,"code":100803,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100805,100806,100822,100842,100846,100864,100868,100878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100807,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100809,2618],{"class":106},[68,100811,111],{"class":110},[68,100813,1221],{"class":78},[68,100815,469],{"class":160},[68,100817,472],{"class":78},[68,100819,475],{"class":160},[68,100821,9338],{"class":78},[68,100823,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100825,2646],{"class":106},[68,100827,111],{"class":110},[68,100829,1221],{"class":78},[68,100831,469],{"class":160},[68,100833,472],{"class":78},[68,100835,475],{"class":160},[68,100837,472],{"class":78},[68,100839,480],{"class":160},[68,100841,9338],{"class":78},[68,100843,100844],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,100845,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,100847,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,100849,2297],{"class":106},[68,100851,111],{"class":110},[68,100853,56904],{"class":106},[68,100855,236],{"class":78},[68,100857,2875],{"class":138},[68,100859,79],{"class":78},[68,100861,4806],{"class":138},[68,100863,85],{"class":78},[68,100865,100866],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,100867,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,100869,100870,100872,100874,100876],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,100871,129],{"class":128},[68,100873,79],{"class":78},[68,100875,2331],{"class":138},[68,100877,85],{"class":78},[68,100879,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,100881,129],{"class":128},[68,100883,79],{"class":78},[68,100885,75],{"class":74},[68,100887,79],{"class":78},[68,100889,2331],{"class":138},[68,100891,142],{"class":78},[20,100893,180],{},[59,100895,100896],{"className":61,"code":99304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,100897,100898,100904],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100899,100900,100902],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100901,6328],{"class":74},[68,100903,8677],{"class":78},[68,100905,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100907,190],{"class":110},[68,100909,194],{"class":193},[68,100911,197],{"class":114},[68,100913,6328],{"class":118},[68,100915,203],{"class":114},[68,100917,206],{"class":110},[20,100919,100920,100921,18997,100923,100925,100926,100928],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100922,3843],{},[15,100924,3838],{},". In Python, ",[15,100927,3838],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44943,100930],{},[93,100932,11506],{"id":11505},[20,100934,100935],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[59,100937,100939],{"className":61,"code":100938,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100940,100941,100974,101007,101011,101031,101035,101045,101056],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,100942,100943,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,100944,100945],{"class":106},"fruits_a ",[68,100947,111],{"class":110},[68,100949,1221],{"class":78},[68,100951,344],{"class":114},[68,100953,4123],{"class":118},[68,100955,344],{"class":114},[68,100957,472],{"class":78},[68,100959,115],{"class":114},[68,100961,4132],{"class":118},[68,100963,344],{"class":114},[68,100965,472],{"class":78},[68,100967,115],{"class":114},[68,100969,33254],{"class":118},[68,100971,344],{"class":114},[68,100973,9338],{"class":78},[68,100975,100976,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,100977,100978],{"class":106},"fruits_b ",[68,100980,111],{"class":110},[68,100982,1221],{"class":78},[68,100984,344],{"class":114},[68,100986,4132],{"class":118},[68,100988,344],{"class":114},[68,100990,472],{"class":78},[68,100992,115],{"class":114},[68,100994,33254],{"class":118},[68,100996,344],{"class":114},[68,100998,472],{"class":78},[68,101000,115],{"class":114},[68,101002,22568],{"class":118},[68,101004,344],{"class":114},[68,101006,9338],{"class":78},[68,101008,101009],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101010,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101012,101013,101015,101017,101020,101022,101024,101026,101029],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101014,2297],{"class":106},[68,101016,111],{"class":110},[68,101018,101019],{"class":106}," fruits_a",[68,101021,236],{"class":78},[68,101023,2875],{"class":138},[68,101025,79],{"class":78},[68,101027,101028],{"class":138},"fruits_b",[68,101030,85],{"class":78},[68,101032,101033],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101034,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101036,101037,101039,101041,101043],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,101038,129],{"class":128},[68,101040,79],{"class":78},[68,101042,2331],{"class":138},[68,101044,85],{"class":78},[68,101046,101047,101049,101051,101054],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,101048,129],{"class":128},[68,101050,79],{"class":78},[68,101052,101053],{"class":138},"fruits_a",[68,101055,85],{"class":78},[68,101057,101058,101060,101062,101064],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,101059,129],{"class":128},[68,101061,79],{"class":78},[68,101063,101028],{"class":138},[68,101065,85],{"class":78},[20,101067,30064],{},[59,101069,101071],{"className":61,"code":101070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101072,101073,101085,101113],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101074,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101076,9308],{"class":78},[68,101078,203],{"class":114},[68,101080,4123],{"class":118},[68,101082,203],{"class":114},[68,101084,9338],{"class":78},[68,101086,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101088,9308],{"class":78},[68,101090,203],{"class":114},[68,101092,4132],{"class":118},[68,101094,203],{"class":114},[68,101096,472],{"class":78},[68,101098,197],{"class":114},[68,101100,33254],{"class":118},[68,101102,203],{"class":114},[68,101104,472],{"class":78},[68,101106,197],{"class":114},[68,101108,4123],{"class":118},[68,101110,203],{"class":114},[68,101112,9338],{"class":78},[68,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101116,9308],{"class":78},[68,101118,203],{"class":114},[68,101120,4132],{"class":118},[68,101122,203],{"class":114},[68,101124,472],{"class":78},[68,101126,197],{"class":114},[68,101128,33254],{"class":118},[68,101130,203],{"class":114},[68,101132,472],{"class":78},[68,101134,197],{"class":114},[68,101136,22568],{"class":118},[68,101138,203],{"class":114},[68,101140,9338],{"class":78},[20,101142,11715],{},[33,101144,101145,101150,101155,101161],{},[36,101146,101147,101148],{},"Start with ",[15,101149,101053],{},[36,101151,101152,101153],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101154,101028],{},[36,101156,101157,101158,101160],{},"Only ",[15,101159,57849],{}," remains",[36,101162,101163],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101165,101166],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44943,101168],{},[93,101170,633,101172,101174],{"id":101171},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101173,100430],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101176,101177,101178,236],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101179,100430],{},[20,101181,101182],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[59,101184,101186],{"className":61,"code":101185,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101187,101188,101220,101237,101250,101267,101271,101300],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101189,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101191,3663],{"class":106},[68,101193,111],{"class":110},[68,101195,1221],{"class":78},[68,101197,469],{"class":160},[68,101199,472],{"class":78},[68,101201,475],{"class":160},[68,101203,472],{"class":78},[68,101205,480],{"class":160},[68,101207,472],{"class":78},[68,101209,2521],{"class":160},[68,101211,472],{"class":78},[68,101213,4650],{"class":160},[68,101215,472],{"class":78},[68,101217,37677],{"class":160},[68,101219,9338],{"class":78},[68,101221,101222,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101223,101224],{"class":106},"group_a ",[68,101226,111],{"class":110},[68,101228,1221],{"class":78},[68,101230,2129],{"class":160},[68,101232,472],{"class":78},[68,101234,2521],{"class":160},[68,101236,9338],{"class":78},[68,101238,101239,101242,101244,101246,101248],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101240,101241],{"class":106},"group_b ",[68,101243,111],{"class":110},[68,101245,1221],{"class":78},[68,101247,1497],{"class":160},[68,101249,9338],{"class":78},[68,101251,101252,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101253,101254],{"class":106},"group_c ",[68,101256,111],{"class":110},[68,101258,1221],{"class":78},[68,101260,80607],{"class":160},[68,101262,472],{"class":78},[68,101264,6034],{"class":160},[68,101266,9338],{"class":78},[68,101268,101269],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101270,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101272,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101288,101290,101293,101295,101298],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,101274,2297],{"class":106},[68,101276,111],{"class":110},[68,101278,4308],{"class":106},[68,101280,236],{"class":78},[68,101282,2875],{"class":138},[68,101284,79],{"class":78},[68,101286,101287],{"class":138},"group_a",[68,101289,472],{"class":78},[68,101291,101292],{"class":138}," group_b",[68,101294,472],{"class":78},[68,101296,101297],{"class":138}," group_c",[68,101299,85],{"class":78},[68,101301,101302,101304,101306,101308],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,101303,129],{"class":128},[68,101305,79],{"class":78},[68,101307,2331],{"class":138},[68,101309,85],{"class":78},[20,101311,180],{},[59,101313,101315],{"className":61,"code":101314,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101316,101317],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101318,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101320,9308],{"class":78},[68,101322,469],{"class":160},[68,101324,472],{"class":78},[68,101326,480],{"class":160},[68,101328,9338],{"class":78},[20,101330,101331],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44943,101333],{},[93,101335,101337,969,101339],{"id":101336},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101338,100430],{},[15,101340,101341],{},"difference_update()",[20,101343,101344],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1470,101346,101347],{"id":2875},[15,101348,100430],{},[33,101350,101351,101354],{},[36,101352,101353],{},"Returns a new set",[36,101355,101356],{},"Does not change the original set",[59,101358,101360],{"className":61,"code":101359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101361,101362,101386,101402,101406,101424,101428,101438],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101365,2618],{"class":106},[68,101367,111],{"class":110},[68,101369,1221],{"class":78},[68,101371,469],{"class":160},[68,101373,472],{"class":78},[68,101375,475],{"class":160},[68,101377,472],{"class":78},[68,101379,480],{"class":160},[68,101381,472],{"class":78},[68,101383,2521],{"class":160},[68,101385,9338],{"class":78},[68,101387,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101389,2646],{"class":106},[68,101391,111],{"class":110},[68,101393,1221],{"class":78},[68,101395,2135],{"class":160},[68,101397,472],{"class":78},[68,101399,2521],{"class":160},[68,101401,9338],{"class":78},[68,101403,101404],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101405,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101409,2297],{"class":106},[68,101411,111],{"class":110},[68,101413,56904],{"class":106},[68,101415,236],{"class":78},[68,101417,2875],{"class":138},[68,101419,79],{"class":78},[68,101421,4806],{"class":138},[68,101423,85],{"class":78},[68,101425,101426],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101427,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101429,101430,101432,101434,101436],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,101431,129],{"class":128},[68,101433,79],{"class":78},[68,101435,2331],{"class":138},[68,101437,85],{"class":78},[68,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,101441,129],{"class":128},[68,101443,79],{"class":78},[68,101445,49],{"class":138},[68,101447,85],{"class":78},[20,101449,180],{},[59,101451,101453],{"className":61,"code":101452,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101454,101455,101467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101456,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101458,9308],{"class":78},[68,101460,469],{"class":160},[68,101462,472],{"class":78},[68,101464,475],{"class":160},[68,101466,9338],{"class":78},[68,101468,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101470,9308],{"class":78},[68,101472,469],{"class":160},[68,101474,472],{"class":78},[68,101476,475],{"class":160},[68,101478,472],{"class":78},[68,101480,480],{"class":160},[68,101482,472],{"class":78},[68,101484,2521],{"class":160},[68,101486,9338],{"class":78},[1470,101488,101490],{"id":101489},"difference_update",[15,101491,101341],{},[33,101493,101494,101497],{},[36,101495,101496],{},"Changes the original set",[36,101498,96334],{},[59,101500,101502],{"className":61,"code":101501,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101503,101504,101528,101544,101548,101562,101566],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101505,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101507,2618],{"class":106},[68,101509,111],{"class":110},[68,101511,1221],{"class":78},[68,101513,469],{"class":160},[68,101515,472],{"class":78},[68,101517,475],{"class":160},[68,101519,472],{"class":78},[68,101521,480],{"class":160},[68,101523,472],{"class":78},[68,101525,2521],{"class":160},[68,101527,9338],{"class":78},[68,101529,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101531,2646],{"class":106},[68,101533,111],{"class":110},[68,101535,1221],{"class":78},[68,101537,2135],{"class":160},[68,101539,472],{"class":78},[68,101541,2521],{"class":160},[68,101543,9338],{"class":78},[68,101545,101546],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101547,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101551,49],{"class":106},[68,101553,236],{"class":78},[68,101555,101489],{"class":138},[68,101557,79],{"class":78},[68,101559,4806],{"class":138},[68,101561,85],{"class":78},[68,101563,101564],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101565,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101567,101568,101570,101572,101574],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,101569,129],{"class":128},[68,101571,79],{"class":78},[68,101573,49],{"class":138},[68,101575,85],{"class":78},[20,101577,180],{},[59,101579,101580],{"className":61,"code":100523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,101581,101582],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101583,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101585,9308],{"class":78},[68,101587,469],{"class":160},[68,101589,472],{"class":78},[68,101591,475],{"class":160},[68,101593,9338],{"class":78},[20,101595,224,101596,101598],{},[15,101597,100430],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101600,101601,101602,33634],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101603,101341],{},[44943,101605],{},[93,101607,101609,101611,101612,101614],{"id":101608},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101610,100430],{}," vs the ",[15,101613,2094],{}," operator",[20,101616,2050,101617,101619,101620,101622],{},[15,101618,2094],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101621,100430],{}," for two sets.",[59,101624,101626],{"className":61,"code":101625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101627,101628,101652,101668,101672,101690],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101631,2618],{"class":106},[68,101633,111],{"class":110},[68,101635,1221],{"class":78},[68,101637,469],{"class":160},[68,101639,472],{"class":78},[68,101641,475],{"class":160},[68,101643,472],{"class":78},[68,101645,480],{"class":160},[68,101647,472],{"class":78},[68,101649,2521],{"class":160},[68,101651,9338],{"class":78},[68,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101655,2646],{"class":106},[68,101657,111],{"class":110},[68,101659,1221],{"class":78},[68,101661,2135],{"class":160},[68,101663,472],{"class":78},[68,101665,2521],{"class":160},[68,101667,9338],{"class":78},[68,101669,101670],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101671,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101675,129],{"class":128},[68,101677,79],{"class":78},[68,101679,49],{"class":138},[68,101681,236],{"class":78},[68,101683,2875],{"class":138},[68,101685,79],{"class":78},[68,101687,4806],{"class":138},[68,101689,142],{"class":78},[68,101691,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101693,129],{"class":128},[68,101695,79],{"class":78},[68,101697,2618],{"class":138},[68,101699,2094],{"class":110},[68,101701,2623],{"class":138},[68,101703,85],{"class":78},[20,101705,180],{},[59,101707,101709],{"className":61,"code":101708,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101710,101711,101723],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101714,9308],{"class":78},[68,101716,469],{"class":160},[68,101718,472],{"class":78},[68,101720,475],{"class":160},[68,101722,9338],{"class":78},[68,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101726,9308],{"class":78},[68,101728,469],{"class":160},[68,101730,472],{"class":78},[68,101732,475],{"class":160},[68,101734,9338],{"class":78},[20,101736,101737],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101739,94604,101740,1906],{},[15,101741,100430],{},[33,101743,101744,101747,101750],{},[36,101745,101746],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,101748,101749],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,101751,101752],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101754,101755],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[59,101757,101759],{"className":61,"code":101758,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101760,101761,101789,101801,101813,101817],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101762,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101764,2618],{"class":106},[68,101766,111],{"class":110},[68,101768,1221],{"class":78},[68,101770,469],{"class":160},[68,101772,472],{"class":78},[68,101774,475],{"class":160},[68,101776,472],{"class":78},[68,101778,480],{"class":160},[68,101780,472],{"class":78},[68,101782,2521],{"class":160},[68,101784,472],{"class":78},[68,101786,4650],{"class":160},[68,101788,9338],{"class":78},[68,101790,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101792,2646],{"class":106},[68,101794,111],{"class":110},[68,101796,1221],{"class":78},[68,101798,2129],{"class":160},[68,101800,9338],{"class":78},[68,101802,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101804,83199],{"class":106},[68,101806,111],{"class":110},[68,101808,1221],{"class":78},[68,101810,2568],{"class":160},[68,101812,9338],{"class":78},[68,101814,101815],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101816,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101818,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101820,129],{"class":128},[68,101822,79],{"class":78},[68,101824,49],{"class":138},[68,101826,236],{"class":78},[68,101828,2875],{"class":138},[68,101830,79],{"class":78},[68,101832,4806],{"class":138},[68,101834,472],{"class":78},[68,101836,9711],{"class":138},[68,101838,142],{"class":78},[20,101840,180],{},[59,101842,101844],{"className":61,"code":101843,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101845,101846],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101847,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101849,9308],{"class":78},[68,101851,469],{"class":160},[68,101853,472],{"class":78},[68,101855,480],{"class":160},[68,101857,472],{"class":78},[68,101859,4650],{"class":160},[68,101861,9338],{"class":78},[20,101863,101864,101865,101867],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101866,2094],{}," operator expression.",[44943,101869],{},[93,101871,4563],{"id":4562},[20,101873,21246,101874,236],{},[15,101875,100430],{},[1470,101877,101879],{"id":101878},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101881,4673,101882,101884,101885,503],{},[1301,101883,1303],{}," change ",[15,101886,49],{},[59,101888,101890],{"className":61,"code":101889,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101891,101892,101912,101924,101928,101942],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101895,2618],{"class":106},[68,101897,111],{"class":110},[68,101899,1221],{"class":78},[68,101901,469],{"class":160},[68,101903,472],{"class":78},[68,101905,475],{"class":160},[68,101907,472],{"class":78},[68,101909,480],{"class":160},[68,101911,9338],{"class":78},[68,101913,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,101915,2646],{"class":106},[68,101917,111],{"class":110},[68,101919,1221],{"class":78},[68,101921,2135],{"class":160},[68,101923,9338],{"class":78},[68,101925,101926],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,101927,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,101929,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,101931,49],{"class":106},[68,101933,236],{"class":78},[68,101935,2875],{"class":138},[68,101937,79],{"class":78},[68,101939,4806],{"class":138},[68,101941,85],{"class":78},[68,101943,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,101945,129],{"class":128},[68,101947,79],{"class":78},[68,101949,49],{"class":138},[68,101951,85],{"class":78},[20,101953,180],{},[59,101955,101956],{"className":61,"code":96623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,101957,101958],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101961,9308],{"class":78},[68,101963,469],{"class":160},[68,101965,472],{"class":78},[68,101967,475],{"class":160},[68,101969,472],{"class":78},[68,101971,480],{"class":160},[68,101973,9338],{"class":78},[20,101975,101976],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[59,101978,101980],{"className":61,"code":101979,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101981,101982,102002,102014,102018,102036],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,101983,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,101985,2618],{"class":106},[68,101987,111],{"class":110},[68,101989,1221],{"class":78},[68,101991,469],{"class":160},[68,101993,472],{"class":78},[68,101995,475],{"class":160},[68,101997,472],{"class":78},[68,101999,480],{"class":160},[68,102001,9338],{"class":78},[68,102003,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102005,2646],{"class":106},[68,102007,111],{"class":110},[68,102009,1221],{"class":78},[68,102011,2135],{"class":160},[68,102013,9338],{"class":78},[68,102015,102016],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102017,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102021,2618],{"class":106},[68,102023,111],{"class":110},[68,102025,56904],{"class":106},[68,102027,236],{"class":78},[68,102029,2875],{"class":138},[68,102031,79],{"class":78},[68,102033,4806],{"class":138},[68,102035,85],{"class":78},[68,102037,102038,102040,102042,102044],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102039,129],{"class":128},[68,102041,79],{"class":78},[68,102043,49],{"class":138},[68,102045,85],{"class":78},[20,102047,180],{},[59,102049,102050],{"className":61,"code":100523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,102051,102052],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102055,9308],{"class":78},[68,102057,469],{"class":160},[68,102059,472],{"class":78},[68,102061,475],{"class":160},[68,102063,9338],{"class":78},[1470,102065,102067],{"id":102066},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102069,102070,102073],{},[15,102071,102072],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,102075,102076,102081],{},[36,102077,102078,102079],{},"keep items from ",[15,102080,49],{},[36,102082,102083,102084],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102085,4806],{},[20,102087,1524,102088,102090,102091,102093],{},[1301,102089,1303],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102092,4806],{},"”.",[20,102095,326],{},[59,102097,102099],{"className":61,"code":102098,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102100,102101,102121,102141,102145,102163],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102102,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102104,2618],{"class":106},[68,102106,111],{"class":110},[68,102108,1221],{"class":78},[68,102110,469],{"class":160},[68,102112,472],{"class":78},[68,102114,475],{"class":160},[68,102116,472],{"class":78},[68,102118,480],{"class":160},[68,102120,9338],{"class":78},[68,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102124,2646],{"class":106},[68,102126,111],{"class":110},[68,102128,1221],{"class":78},[68,102130,2135],{"class":160},[68,102132,472],{"class":78},[68,102134,2521],{"class":160},[68,102136,472],{"class":78},[68,102138,4650],{"class":160},[68,102140,9338],{"class":78},[68,102142,102143],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102144,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102148,129],{"class":128},[68,102150,79],{"class":78},[68,102152,49],{"class":138},[68,102154,236],{"class":78},[68,102156,2875],{"class":138},[68,102158,79],{"class":78},[68,102160,4806],{"class":138},[68,102162,142],{"class":78},[68,102164,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102166,129],{"class":128},[68,102168,79],{"class":78},[68,102170,4806],{"class":138},[68,102172,236],{"class":78},[68,102174,2875],{"class":138},[68,102176,79],{"class":78},[68,102178,49],{"class":138},[68,102180,142],{"class":78},[20,102182,180],{},[59,102184,102186],{"className":61,"code":102185,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102187,102188,102200],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102191,9308],{"class":78},[68,102193,469],{"class":160},[68,102195,472],{"class":78},[68,102197,475],{"class":160},[68,102199,9338],{"class":78},[68,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102203,9308],{"class":78},[68,102205,2568],{"class":160},[68,102207,472],{"class":78},[68,102209,4650],{"class":160},[68,102211,9338],{"class":78},[20,102213,102214],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1470,102216,102218],{"id":102217},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102220,102221,102223],{},[15,102222,100430],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102225,55335],{},[59,102227,102229],{"className":61,"code":102228,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102230,102231,102251,102267,102271],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102232,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102234,2618],{"class":106},[68,102236,111],{"class":110},[68,102238,725],{"class":78},[68,102240,469],{"class":160},[68,102242,472],{"class":78},[68,102244,475],{"class":160},[68,102246,472],{"class":78},[68,102248,480],{"class":160},[68,102250,730],{"class":78},[68,102252,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102254,2646],{"class":106},[68,102256,111],{"class":110},[68,102258,725],{"class":78},[68,102260,2135],{"class":160},[68,102262,472],{"class":78},[68,102264,2521],{"class":160},[68,102266,730],{"class":78},[68,102268,102269],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102270,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102272,102273],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102274,102275],{"class":3708},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102277,102278],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[59,102280,102282],{"className":61,"code":102281,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102283,102284,102304,102320,102324,102350],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102287,2618],{"class":106},[68,102289,111],{"class":110},[68,102291,725],{"class":78},[68,102293,469],{"class":160},[68,102295,472],{"class":78},[68,102297,475],{"class":160},[68,102299,472],{"class":78},[68,102301,480],{"class":160},[68,102303,730],{"class":78},[68,102305,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102307,2646],{"class":106},[68,102309,111],{"class":110},[68,102311,725],{"class":78},[68,102313,2135],{"class":160},[68,102315,472],{"class":78},[68,102317,2521],{"class":160},[68,102319,730],{"class":78},[68,102321,102322],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102323,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102327,2297],{"class":106},[68,102329,111],{"class":110},[68,102331,15665],{"class":74},[68,102333,79],{"class":78},[68,102335,49],{"class":138},[68,102337,8665],{"class":78},[68,102339,2875],{"class":138},[68,102341,79],{"class":78},[68,102343,6328],{"class":74},[68,102345,79],{"class":78},[68,102347,4806],{"class":138},[68,102349,142],{"class":78},[68,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102353,129],{"class":128},[68,102355,79],{"class":78},[68,102357,2331],{"class":138},[68,102359,85],{"class":78},[20,102361,180],{},[59,102363,102364],{"className":61,"code":100523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,102365,102366],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102367,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102369,9308],{"class":78},[68,102371,469],{"class":160},[68,102373,472],{"class":78},[68,102375,475],{"class":160},[68,102377,9338],{"class":78},[1470,102379,102381],{"id":102380},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102383,102384],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[59,102386,102388],{"className":61,"code":102387,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102389,102390,102422,102438,102442],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102391,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102393,2618],{"class":106},[68,102395,111],{"class":110},[68,102397,1221],{"class":78},[68,102399,344],{"class":114},[68,102401,37080],{"class":118},[68,102403,344],{"class":114},[68,102405,472],{"class":78},[68,102407,115],{"class":114},[68,102409,58143],{"class":118},[68,102411,344],{"class":114},[68,102413,472],{"class":78},[68,102415,115],{"class":114},[68,102417,58160],{"class":118},[68,102419,344],{"class":114},[68,102421,9338],{"class":78},[68,102423,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102425,2646],{"class":106},[68,102427,111],{"class":110},[68,102429,1221],{"class":78},[68,102431,344],{"class":114},[68,102433,58143],{"class":118},[68,102435,344],{"class":114},[68,102437,9338],{"class":78},[68,102439,102440],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102441,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102443,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102445,129],{"class":128},[68,102447,79],{"class":78},[68,102449,49],{"class":138},[68,102451,236],{"class":78},[68,102453,2875],{"class":138},[68,102455,79],{"class":78},[68,102457,4806],{"class":138},[68,102459,142],{"class":78},[20,102461,102462],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1470,102464,102466],{"id":102465},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102468,102469],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[59,102471,102473],{"className":61,"code":102472,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102474,102475,102503,102515,102519,102529],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102476,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102478,2618],{"class":106},[68,102480,111],{"class":110},[68,102482,1221],{"class":78},[68,102484,469],{"class":160},[68,102486,472],{"class":78},[68,102488,5539],{"class":160},[68,102490,472],{"class":78},[68,102492,475],{"class":160},[68,102494,472],{"class":78},[68,102496,475],{"class":160},[68,102498,472],{"class":78},[68,102500,480],{"class":160},[68,102502,9338],{"class":78},[68,102504,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102506,2646],{"class":106},[68,102508,111],{"class":110},[68,102510,1221],{"class":78},[68,102512,2135],{"class":160},[68,102514,9338],{"class":78},[68,102516,102517],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102518,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102520,102521,102523,102525,102527],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102522,129],{"class":128},[68,102524,79],{"class":78},[68,102526,49],{"class":138},[68,102528,85],{"class":78},[68,102530,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102532,129],{"class":128},[68,102534,79],{"class":78},[68,102536,49],{"class":138},[68,102538,236],{"class":78},[68,102540,2875],{"class":138},[68,102542,79],{"class":78},[68,102544,4806],{"class":138},[68,102546,142],{"class":78},[20,102548,180],{},[59,102550,102552],{"className":61,"code":102551,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102553,102554,102570],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102555,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102557,9308],{"class":78},[68,102559,469],{"class":160},[68,102561,472],{"class":78},[68,102563,475],{"class":160},[68,102565,472],{"class":78},[68,102567,480],{"class":160},[68,102569,9338],{"class":78},[68,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102573,9308],{"class":78},[68,102575,469],{"class":160},[68,102577,472],{"class":78},[68,102579,475],{"class":160},[68,102581,9338],{"class":78},[20,102583,102584,102585,102587],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102586,100430],{}," runs.",[1470,102589,102591],{"id":102590},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102593,102594],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[59,102596,102598],{"className":61,"code":102597,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102599,102600,102624,102644,102648,102658,102668,102686,102708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102601,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102603,2618],{"class":106},[68,102605,111],{"class":110},[68,102607,1221],{"class":78},[68,102609,469],{"class":160},[68,102611,472],{"class":78},[68,102613,475],{"class":160},[68,102615,472],{"class":78},[68,102617,480],{"class":160},[68,102619,472],{"class":78},[68,102621,2521],{"class":160},[68,102623,9338],{"class":78},[68,102625,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102627,2646],{"class":106},[68,102629,111],{"class":110},[68,102631,1221],{"class":78},[68,102633,2135],{"class":160},[68,102635,472],{"class":78},[68,102637,2521],{"class":160},[68,102639,472],{"class":78},[68,102641,4650],{"class":160},[68,102643,9338],{"class":78},[68,102645,102646],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102647,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102649,102650,102652,102654,102656],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102651,129],{"class":128},[68,102653,79],{"class":78},[68,102655,49],{"class":138},[68,102657,85],{"class":78},[68,102659,102660,102662,102664,102666],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102661,129],{"class":128},[68,102663,79],{"class":78},[68,102665,4806],{"class":138},[68,102667,85],{"class":78},[68,102669,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,102671,129],{"class":128},[68,102673,79],{"class":78},[68,102675,49],{"class":138},[68,102677,236],{"class":78},[68,102679,2875],{"class":138},[68,102681,79],{"class":78},[68,102683,4806],{"class":138},[68,102685,142],{"class":78},[68,102687,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,102689,129],{"class":128},[68,102691,79],{"class":78},[68,102693,75],{"class":74},[68,102695,79],{"class":78},[68,102697,49],{"class":138},[68,102699,236],{"class":78},[68,102701,2875],{"class":138},[68,102703,79],{"class":78},[68,102705,4806],{"class":138},[68,102707,2970],{"class":78},[68,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,102711,129],{"class":128},[68,102713,79],{"class":78},[68,102715,11191],{"class":128},[68,102717,79],{"class":78},[68,102719,49],{"class":138},[68,102721,236],{"class":78},[68,102723,2875],{"class":138},[68,102725,79],{"class":78},[68,102727,4806],{"class":138},[68,102729,2970],{"class":78},[20,102731,11200],{},[33,102733,102734,102737,102740,102743],{},[36,102735,102736],{},"what is in each set",[36,102738,102739],{},"what result Python creates",[36,102741,102742],{},"that the result is a set",[36,102744,102745],{},"how many items remain",[44943,102747],{},[93,102749,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,102751,12736,102753,102755],{"id":102752},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102754,100430],{}," change the original set?",[20,102757,102758],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1470,102760,5221,102762,232,102764,1906],{"id":102761},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102763,100430],{},[15,102765,101341],{},[20,102767,102768,102770,102771,102773],{},[15,102769,100430],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102772,101341],{}," modifies the original set.",[1470,102775,28363,102777,102779],{"id":102776},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102778,100430],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102781,102782],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1470,102784,102786],{"id":102785},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102788,102789],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44943,102791],{},[93,102793,1952],{"id":1951},[33,102795,102796,102800,102808],{},[36,102797,102798],{},[49,102799,96344],{"href":97515},[36,102801,102802],{},[49,102803,96830,102805,10770],{"href":102804},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102806,102807],{},"intersection()",[36,102809,102810],{},[49,102811,96830,102813,10770],{"href":102812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102814,102815],{},"union()",[1995,102817,102818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":102820},[102821,102822,102824,102825,102826,102827,102829,102834,102836,102844,102853],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":100552,"depth":125,"text":102823},"What difference() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":101171,"depth":125,"text":102828},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101336,"depth":125,"text":102830,"children":102831},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102832,102833],{"id":2875,"depth":145,"text":100430},{"id":101489,"depth":145,"text":101341},{"id":101608,"depth":125,"text":102835},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":102837},[102838,102839,102840,102841,102842,102843],{"id":101878,"depth":145,"text":101879},{"id":102066,"depth":145,"text":102067},{"id":102217,"depth":145,"text":102218},{"id":102380,"depth":145,"text":102381},{"id":102465,"depth":145,"text":102466},{"id":102590,"depth":145,"text":102591},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":102845},[102846,102848,102850,102852],{"id":102752,"depth":145,"text":102847},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102761,"depth":145,"text":102849},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102776,"depth":145,"text":102851},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102785,"depth":145,"text":102786},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100422,"description":102854},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102861,"title":102862,"body":102863,"description":104558,"extension":2033,"meta":104559,"navigation":148,"path":104560,"seo":104561,"stem":104562,"__hash__":104563},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102864,"toc":104520},[102865,102871,102877,102890,102892,102993,102995,103040,103045,103050,103054,103068,103071,103079,103081,103100,103118,103122,103175,103177,103198,103205,103210,103237,103244,103343,103345,103382,103390,103394,103400,103403,103476,103478,103486,103491,103560,103562,103587,103589,103592,103695,103697,103758,103761,103765,103771,103844,103846,103879,103882,103885,103925,103931,103954,103959,103963,103974,103977,103979,103983,103989,103991,104048,104058,104060,104113,104120,104125,104193,104201,104207,104211,104213,104252,104257,104306,104310,104313,104315,104354,104357,104359,104364,104421,104423,104437,104439,104443,104449,104454,104459,104466,104477,104483,104488,104490,104517],[10,102866,96216,102868,11352],{"id":102867},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102869,102870],{},"discard()",[20,102872,102873,102876],{},[15,102874,102875],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102878,102879,102880,1448,102885,14086,102887,102889],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[49,102881,102882],{"href":98225},[15,102883,102884],{},"set.remove()",[15,102886,102870],{},[1301,102888,1303],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[93,102891,2075],{"id":2074},[59,102893,102895],{"className":61,"code":102894,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102896,102897,102929,102948,102958,102962,102983],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,102900,13108],{"class":106},[68,102902,111],{"class":110},[68,102904,1221],{"class":78},[68,102906,344],{"class":114},[68,102908,13125],{"class":118},[68,102910,344],{"class":114},[68,102912,472],{"class":78},[68,102914,115],{"class":114},[68,102916,13142],{"class":118},[68,102918,344],{"class":114},[68,102920,472],{"class":78},[68,102922,115],{"class":114},[68,102924,17488],{"class":118},[68,102926,344],{"class":114},[68,102928,9338],{"class":78},[68,102930,102931,102933,102935,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,102932,17535],{"class":106},[68,102934,236],{"class":78},[68,102936,102937],{"class":138},"discard",[68,102939,79],{"class":78},[68,102941,344],{"class":114},[68,102943,13142],{"class":118},[68,102945,344],{"class":114},[68,102947,85],{"class":78},[68,102949,102950,102952,102954,102956],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,102951,129],{"class":128},[68,102953,79],{"class":78},[68,102955,17535],{"class":138},[68,102957,85],{"class":78},[68,102959,102960],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,102961,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,102963,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,102965,17535],{"class":106},[68,102967,236],{"class":78},[68,102969,102937],{"class":138},[68,102971,79],{"class":78},[68,102973,344],{"class":114},[68,102975,22559],{"class":118},[68,102977,344],{"class":114},[68,102979,1701],{"class":78},[68,102981,102982],{"class":3708},"  # no error if missing\n",[68,102984,102985,102987,102989,102991],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,102986,129],{"class":128},[68,102988,79],{"class":78},[68,102990,17535],{"class":138},[68,102992,85],{"class":78},[20,102994,30064],{},[59,102996,102998],{"className":61,"code":102997,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102999,103000,103020],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103001,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103003,9308],{"class":78},[68,103005,203],{"class":114},[68,103007,13125],{"class":118},[68,103009,203],{"class":114},[68,103011,472],{"class":78},[68,103013,197],{"class":114},[68,103015,17488],{"class":118},[68,103017,203],{"class":114},[68,103019,9338],{"class":78},[68,103021,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103023,9308],{"class":78},[68,103025,203],{"class":114},[68,103027,13125],{"class":118},[68,103029,203],{"class":114},[68,103031,472],{"class":78},[68,103033,197],{"class":114},[68,103035,17488],{"class":118},[68,103037,203],{"class":114},[68,103039,9338],{"class":78},[20,103041,224,103042,103044],{},[15,103043,102870],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[93,103046,3722,103048,3725],{"id":103047},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103049,102875],{},[20,103051,103052,503],{},[15,103053,102870],{},[33,103055,103056,103059,103062,103064],{},[36,103057,103058],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,103060,103061],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,103063,96331],{},[36,103065,11454,103066],{},[15,103067,3824],{},[20,103069,103070],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103072,96340,103073,384,103076,236],{},[49,103074,103075],{"href":98807},"what a set is in Python",[49,103077,103078],{"href":97899},"how to create a set",[93,103080,303],{"id":302},[59,103082,103084],{"className":61,"code":103083,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103085,103086],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103089,15698],{"class":106},[68,103091,236],{"class":78},[68,103093,102937],{"class":138},[68,103095,79],{"class":78},[68,103097,665],{"class":138},[68,103099,85],{"class":78},[33,103101,103102,103107,103112,103115],{},[36,103103,103104,103106],{},[15,103105,15698],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,103108,103109,103111],{},[15,103110,665],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,103113,103114],{},"The set must already exist",[36,103116,103117],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1470,103119,103121],{"id":103120},"example","Example",[59,103123,103125],{"className":61,"code":103124,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103126,103127,103151,103165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103128,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103130,3663],{"class":106},[68,103132,111],{"class":110},[68,103134,1221],{"class":78},[68,103136,469],{"class":160},[68,103138,472],{"class":78},[68,103140,475],{"class":160},[68,103142,472],{"class":78},[68,103144,480],{"class":160},[68,103146,472],{"class":78},[68,103148,2521],{"class":160},[68,103150,9338],{"class":78},[68,103152,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103154,3693],{"class":106},[68,103156,236],{"class":78},[68,103158,102937],{"class":138},[68,103160,79],{"class":78},[68,103162,2135],{"class":160},[68,103164,85],{"class":78},[68,103166,103167,103169,103171,103173],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103168,129],{"class":128},[68,103170,79],{"class":78},[68,103172,3693],{"class":138},[68,103174,85],{"class":78},[20,103176,180],{},[59,103178,103180],{"className":61,"code":103179,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103181,103182],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103183,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103185,9308],{"class":78},[68,103187,469],{"class":160},[68,103189,472],{"class":78},[68,103191,475],{"class":160},[68,103193,472],{"class":78},[68,103195,2521],{"class":160},[68,103197,9338],{"class":78},[93,103199,103201,103202,103204],{"id":103200},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103203,102870],{}," different",[20,103206,103207,103209],{},[15,103208,102870],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,103211,103212,103225,103234],{},[36,103213,103214,103215,1448,103219,103221,103222,103224],{},"Unlike ",[49,103216,103217],{"href":98225},[15,103218,55545],{},[15,103220,102870],{}," does not raise ",[15,103223,19721],{}," when the item is missing",[36,103226,103214,103227,1448,103231,103233],{},[49,103228,103229],{"href":98230},[15,103230,12795],{},[15,103232,102870],{}," removes a specific item",[36,103235,103236],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1470,103238,103240,969,103242],{"id":103239},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103241,102870],{},[15,103243,55545],{},[59,103245,103247],{"className":61,"code":103246,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103248,103249,103273,103277,103298,103308,103312,103333],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103252,7817],{"class":106},[68,103254,111],{"class":110},[68,103256,1221],{"class":78},[68,103258,344],{"class":114},[68,103260,4123],{"class":118},[68,103262,344],{"class":114},[68,103264,472],{"class":78},[68,103266,115],{"class":114},[68,103268,4132],{"class":118},[68,103270,344],{"class":114},[68,103272,9338],{"class":78},[68,103274,103275],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103276,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103278,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103280,7848],{"class":106},[68,103282,236],{"class":78},[68,103284,102937],{"class":138},[68,103286,79],{"class":78},[68,103288,344],{"class":114},[68,103290,33254],{"class":118},[68,103292,344],{"class":114},[68,103294,1701],{"class":78},[68,103296,103297],{"class":3708},"   # no error\n",[68,103299,103300,103302,103304,103306],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,103301,129],{"class":128},[68,103303,79],{"class":78},[68,103305,7848],{"class":138},[68,103307,85],{"class":78},[68,103309,103310],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,103311,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103313,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,103315,7848],{"class":106},[68,103317,236],{"class":78},[68,103319,34826],{"class":138},[68,103321,79],{"class":78},[68,103323,344],{"class":114},[68,103325,4132],{"class":118},[68,103327,344],{"class":114},[68,103329,1701],{"class":78},[68,103331,103332],{"class":3708},"    # removes existing item\n",[68,103334,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,103336,129],{"class":128},[68,103338,79],{"class":78},[68,103340,7848],{"class":138},[68,103342,85],{"class":78},[20,103344,180],{},[59,103346,103348],{"className":61,"code":103347,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103349,103350,103370],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103351,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103353,9308],{"class":78},[68,103355,203],{"class":114},[68,103357,4123],{"class":118},[68,103359,203],{"class":114},[68,103361,472],{"class":78},[68,103363,197],{"class":114},[68,103365,4132],{"class":118},[68,103367,203],{"class":114},[68,103369,9338],{"class":78},[68,103371,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103373,9308],{"class":78},[68,103375,203],{"class":114},[68,103377,4123],{"class":118},[68,103379,203],{"class":114},[68,103381,9338],{"class":78},[20,103383,40377,103384,103386,103387,103389],{},[15,103385,55545],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[49,103388,11105],{"href":11104}," for more help with that case.",[93,103391,103393],{"id":103392},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103395,103396,1541,103398,236],{},[15,103397,102870],{},[15,103399,3824],{},[20,103401,103402],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[59,103404,103406],{"className":61,"code":103405,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103407,103408,103440,103462,103466],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103409,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103411,13108],{"class":106},[68,103413,111],{"class":110},[68,103415,1221],{"class":78},[68,103417,344],{"class":114},[68,103419,13125],{"class":118},[68,103421,344],{"class":114},[68,103423,472],{"class":78},[68,103425,115],{"class":114},[68,103427,13142],{"class":118},[68,103429,344],{"class":114},[68,103431,472],{"class":78},[68,103433,115],{"class":114},[68,103435,17488],{"class":118},[68,103437,344],{"class":114},[68,103439,9338],{"class":78},[68,103441,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103443,2297],{"class":106},[68,103445,111],{"class":110},[68,103447,13156],{"class":106},[68,103449,236],{"class":78},[68,103451,102937],{"class":138},[68,103453,79],{"class":78},[68,103455,344],{"class":114},[68,103457,13142],{"class":118},[68,103459,344],{"class":114},[68,103461,85],{"class":78},[68,103463,103464],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103465,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103467,103468,103470,103472,103474],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,103469,129],{"class":128},[68,103471,79],{"class":78},[68,103473,2331],{"class":138},[68,103475,85],{"class":78},[20,103477,180],{},[59,103479,103480],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,103481,103482],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103483,103484],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103485,11840],{"class":526},[20,103487,103488,103489,503],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103490,17535],{},[59,103492,103494],{"className":61,"code":103493,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103495,103496,103528,103546,103550],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103499,13108],{"class":106},[68,103501,111],{"class":110},[68,103503,1221],{"class":78},[68,103505,344],{"class":114},[68,103507,13125],{"class":118},[68,103509,344],{"class":114},[68,103511,472],{"class":78},[68,103513,115],{"class":114},[68,103515,13142],{"class":118},[68,103517,344],{"class":114},[68,103519,472],{"class":78},[68,103521,115],{"class":114},[68,103523,17488],{"class":118},[68,103525,344],{"class":114},[68,103527,9338],{"class":78},[68,103529,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103531,17535],{"class":106},[68,103533,236],{"class":78},[68,103535,102937],{"class":138},[68,103537,79],{"class":78},[68,103539,344],{"class":114},[68,103541,13142],{"class":118},[68,103543,344],{"class":114},[68,103545,85],{"class":78},[68,103547,103548],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103549,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103551,103552,103554,103556,103558],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,103553,129],{"class":128},[68,103555,79],{"class":78},[68,103557,17535],{"class":138},[68,103559,85],{"class":78},[20,103561,180],{},[59,103563,103565],{"className":61,"code":103564,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103566,103567],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103570,9308],{"class":78},[68,103572,203],{"class":114},[68,103574,13125],{"class":118},[68,103576,203],{"class":114},[68,103578,472],{"class":78},[68,103580,197],{"class":114},[68,103582,17488],{"class":118},[68,103584,203],{"class":114},[68,103586,9338],{"class":78},[93,103588,11506],{"id":11505},[20,103590,103591],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[59,103593,103595],{"className":61,"code":103594,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103596,103597,103629,103633,103651,103655,103673,103677],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103598,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103600,36271],{"class":106},[68,103602,111],{"class":110},[68,103604,1221],{"class":78},[68,103606,344],{"class":114},[68,103608,4123],{"class":118},[68,103610,344],{"class":114},[68,103612,472],{"class":78},[68,103614,115],{"class":114},[68,103616,4132],{"class":118},[68,103618,344],{"class":114},[68,103620,472],{"class":78},[68,103622,115],{"class":114},[68,103624,33254],{"class":118},[68,103626,344],{"class":114},[68,103628,9338],{"class":78},[68,103630,103631],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103632,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103634,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103636,129],{"class":128},[68,103638,79],{"class":78},[68,103640,344],{"class":114},[68,103642,11595],{"class":118},[68,103644,344],{"class":114},[68,103646,472],{"class":78},[68,103648,52867],{"class":138},[68,103650,85],{"class":78},[68,103652,103653],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,103654,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103656,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,103658,36323],{"class":106},[68,103660,236],{"class":78},[68,103662,102937],{"class":138},[68,103664,79],{"class":78},[68,103666,344],{"class":114},[68,103668,4132],{"class":118},[68,103670,344],{"class":114},[68,103672,85],{"class":78},[68,103674,103675],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,103676,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103678,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,103680,129],{"class":128},[68,103682,79],{"class":78},[68,103684,344],{"class":114},[68,103686,11635],{"class":118},[68,103688,344],{"class":114},[68,103690,472],{"class":78},[68,103692,52867],{"class":138},[68,103694,85],{"class":78},[20,103696,180],{},[59,103698,103700],{"className":61,"code":103699,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103701,103702,103734],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103705,11655],{"class":106},[68,103707,503],{"class":78},[68,103709,1221],{"class":78},[68,103711,203],{"class":114},[68,103713,4132],{"class":118},[68,103715,203],{"class":114},[68,103717,472],{"class":78},[68,103719,197],{"class":114},[68,103721,4123],{"class":118},[68,103723,203],{"class":114},[68,103725,472],{"class":78},[68,103727,197],{"class":114},[68,103729,33254],{"class":118},[68,103731,203],{"class":114},[68,103733,9338],{"class":78},[68,103735,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103737,11708],{"class":106},[68,103739,503],{"class":78},[68,103741,1221],{"class":78},[68,103743,203],{"class":114},[68,103745,4123],{"class":118},[68,103747,203],{"class":114},[68,103749,472],{"class":78},[68,103751,197],{"class":114},[68,103753,33254],{"class":118},[68,103755,203],{"class":114},[68,103757,9338],{"class":78},[20,103759,103760],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[93,103762,103764],{"id":103763},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103766,103767,103768,103770],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103769,102870],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[59,103772,103774],{"className":61,"code":103773,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103775,103776,103808,103812,103830,103834],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103777,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103779,36271],{"class":106},[68,103781,111],{"class":110},[68,103783,1221],{"class":78},[68,103785,344],{"class":114},[68,103787,4123],{"class":118},[68,103789,344],{"class":114},[68,103791,472],{"class":78},[68,103793,115],{"class":114},[68,103795,4132],{"class":118},[68,103797,344],{"class":114},[68,103799,472],{"class":78},[68,103801,115],{"class":114},[68,103803,33254],{"class":118},[68,103805,344],{"class":114},[68,103807,9338],{"class":78},[68,103809,103810],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103811,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,103815,36323],{"class":106},[68,103817,236],{"class":78},[68,103819,102937],{"class":138},[68,103821,79],{"class":78},[68,103823,344],{"class":114},[68,103825,22568],{"class":118},[68,103827,344],{"class":114},[68,103829,85],{"class":78},[68,103831,103832],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,103833,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,103835,103836,103838,103840,103842],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,103837,129],{"class":128},[68,103839,79],{"class":78},[68,103841,36323],{"class":138},[68,103843,85],{"class":78},[20,103845,180],{},[59,103847,103849],{"className":61,"code":103848,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103850,103851],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103852,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103854,9308],{"class":78},[68,103856,203],{"class":114},[68,103858,4132],{"class":118},[68,103860,203],{"class":114},[68,103862,472],{"class":78},[68,103864,197],{"class":114},[68,103866,4123],{"class":118},[68,103868,203],{"class":114},[68,103870,472],{"class":78},[68,103872,197],{"class":114},[68,103874,33254],{"class":118},[68,103876,203],{"class":114},[68,103878,9338],{"class":78},[20,103880,103881],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103883,103884],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[59,103886,103888],{"className":61,"code":103887,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103889,103890,103906],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103891,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103893,1099],{"class":1098},[68,103895,115],{"class":114},[68,103897,22568],{"class":118},[68,103899,344],{"class":114},[68,103901,21208],{"class":110},[68,103903,52867],{"class":106},[68,103905,1648],{"class":78},[68,103907,103908,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,103909,103910],{"class":106},"    fruits",[68,103912,236],{"class":78},[68,103914,34826],{"class":138},[68,103916,79],{"class":78},[68,103918,344],{"class":114},[68,103920,22568],{"class":118},[68,103922,344],{"class":114},[68,103924,85],{"class":78},[20,103926,103927,103928,103930],{},"With ",[15,103929,102870],{},", you can simply write:",[59,103932,103934],{"className":61,"code":103933,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103935,103936],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103937,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103939,36323],{"class":106},[68,103941,236],{"class":78},[68,103943,102937],{"class":138},[68,103945,79],{"class":78},[68,103947,344],{"class":114},[68,103949,22568],{"class":118},[68,103951,344],{"class":114},[68,103953,85],{"class":78},[93,103955,1311,103957],{"id":103956},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103958,102870],{},[20,103960,224,103961,10630],{},[15,103962,102870],{},[33,103964,103965,103968,103971],{},[36,103966,103967],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,103969,103970],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,103972,103973],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103975,103976],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[93,103978,1750],{"id":1749},[20,103980,8481,103981,236],{},[15,103982,102870],{},[1470,103984,1770,103986,103988],{"id":103985},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103987,102870],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103990,4570],{},[59,103992,103994],{"className":61,"code":103993,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103995,103996,104016,104034,104038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,103999,3663],{"class":106},[68,104001,111],{"class":110},[68,104003,1221],{"class":78},[68,104005,469],{"class":160},[68,104007,472],{"class":78},[68,104009,475],{"class":160},[68,104011,472],{"class":78},[68,104013,480],{"class":160},[68,104015,9338],{"class":78},[68,104017,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104019,3663],{"class":106},[68,104021,111],{"class":110},[68,104023,4308],{"class":106},[68,104025,236],{"class":78},[68,104027,102937],{"class":138},[68,104029,79],{"class":78},[68,104031,2129],{"class":160},[68,104033,85],{"class":78},[68,104035,104036],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104037,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,104039,104040,104042,104044,104046],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,104041,129],{"class":128},[68,104043,79],{"class":78},[68,104045,3693],{"class":138},[68,104047,85],{"class":78},[20,104049,104050,42185,104052,8635,104054,1541,104056,236],{},[15,104051,3693],{},[15,104053,3824],{},[15,104055,102870],{},[15,104057,3824],{},[20,104059,18874],{},[59,104061,104063],{"className":61,"code":104062,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104064,104065,104085,104099,104103],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104066,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104068,3663],{"class":106},[68,104070,111],{"class":110},[68,104072,1221],{"class":78},[68,104074,469],{"class":160},[68,104076,472],{"class":78},[68,104078,475],{"class":160},[68,104080,472],{"class":78},[68,104082,480],{"class":160},[68,104084,9338],{"class":78},[68,104086,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104088,3693],{"class":106},[68,104090,236],{"class":78},[68,104092,102937],{"class":138},[68,104094,79],{"class":78},[68,104096,2129],{"class":160},[68,104098,85],{"class":78},[68,104100,104101],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104102,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,104104,104105,104107,104109,104111],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,104106,129],{"class":128},[68,104108,79],{"class":78},[68,104110,3693],{"class":138},[68,104112,85],{"class":78},[1470,104114,37237,104116,8739,104118],{"id":104115},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104117,102870],{},[15,104119,55545],{},[20,104121,104122,104123,236],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104124,102870],{},[59,104126,104128],{"className":61,"code":104127,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104129,104130,104162,104183],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104131,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104133,36122],{"class":106},[68,104135,111],{"class":110},[68,104137,1221],{"class":78},[68,104139,344],{"class":114},[68,104141,49],{"class":118},[68,104143,344],{"class":114},[68,104145,472],{"class":78},[68,104147,115],{"class":114},[68,104149,4806],{"class":118},[68,104151,344],{"class":114},[68,104153,472],{"class":78},[68,104155,115],{"class":114},[68,104157,9769],{"class":118},[68,104159,344],{"class":114},[68,104161,9338],{"class":78},[68,104163,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104165,36175],{"class":106},[68,104167,236],{"class":78},[68,104169,102937],{"class":138},[68,104171,79],{"class":78},[68,104173,344],{"class":114},[68,104175,22112],{"class":118},[68,104177,344],{"class":114},[68,104179,1701],{"class":78},[68,104181,104182],{"class":3708},"   # safe\n",[68,104184,104185,104187,104189,104191],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104186,129],{"class":128},[68,104188,79],{"class":78},[68,104190,36175],{"class":138},[68,104192,85],{"class":78},[20,104194,104195,104196,45931,104199,236],{},"If you use ",[15,104197,104198],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104200,19721],{},[1470,104202,25650,104204,104206],{"id":104203},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104205,102870],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104208,104209,102223],{},[15,104210,102870],{},[20,104212,16676],{},[59,104214,104216],{"className":61,"code":104215,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104217,104218,104238],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104219,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104221,7817],{"class":106},[68,104223,111],{"class":110},[68,104225,725],{"class":78},[68,104227,469],{"class":160},[68,104229,472],{"class":78},[68,104231,475],{"class":160},[68,104233,472],{"class":78},[68,104235,480],{"class":160},[68,104237,730],{"class":78},[68,104239,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104241,7848],{"class":106},[68,104243,236],{"class":78},[68,104245,102937],{"class":138},[68,104247,79],{"class":78},[68,104249,2129],{"class":160},[68,104251,85],{"class":78},[20,104253,104254,104255,503],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104256,102870],{},[59,104258,104260],{"className":61,"code":104259,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104261,104262,104282,104296],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104263,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104265,7817],{"class":106},[68,104267,111],{"class":110},[68,104269,1221],{"class":78},[68,104271,469],{"class":160},[68,104273,472],{"class":78},[68,104275,475],{"class":160},[68,104277,472],{"class":78},[68,104279,480],{"class":160},[68,104281,9338],{"class":78},[68,104283,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104285,7848],{"class":106},[68,104287,236],{"class":78},[68,104289,102937],{"class":138},[68,104291,79],{"class":78},[68,104293,2129],{"class":160},[68,104295,85],{"class":78},[68,104297,104298,104300,104302,104304],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104299,129],{"class":128},[68,104301,79],{"class":78},[68,104303,7848],{"class":138},[68,104305,85],{"class":78},[1470,104307,104309],{"id":104308},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104311,104312],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104314,2899],{},[59,104316,104318],{"className":61,"code":104317,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104319,104320,104340],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104321,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104323,9197],{"class":106},[68,104325,111],{"class":110},[68,104327,1221],{"class":78},[68,104329,469],{"class":160},[68,104331,472],{"class":78},[68,104333,475],{"class":160},[68,104335,472],{"class":78},[68,104337,480],{"class":160},[68,104339,9338],{"class":78},[68,104341,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104343,9234],{"class":106},[68,104345,236],{"class":78},[68,104347,102937],{"class":138},[68,104349,466],{"class":78},[68,104351,2129],{"class":160},[68,104353,3933],{"class":78},[20,104355,104356],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[93,104358,8906],{"id":8905},[20,104360,8909,104361,104363],{},[15,104362,102870],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[59,104365,104367],{"className":61,"code":104366,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104368,104369,104379,104393,104407],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104370,104371,104373,104375,104377],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104372,129],{"class":128},[68,104374,79],{"class":78},[68,104376,15698],{"class":138},[68,104378,85],{"class":78},[68,104380,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104382,129],{"class":128},[68,104384,79],{"class":78},[68,104386,75],{"class":74},[68,104388,79],{"class":78},[68,104390,15698],{"class":138},[68,104392,142],{"class":78},[68,104394,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104396,129],{"class":128},[68,104398,79],{"class":78},[68,104400,652],{"class":138},[68,104402,3927],{"class":1098},[68,104404,96940],{"class":138},[68,104406,85],{"class":78},[68,104408,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,104410,1850],{"class":128},[68,104412,79],{"class":78},[68,104414,6328],{"class":74},[68,104416,236],{"class":78},[68,104418,102937],{"class":1267},[68,104420,85],{"class":78},[20,104422,11200],{},[33,104424,104425,104428,104431,104434],{},[36,104426,104427],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,104429,104430],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,104432,104433],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,104435,104436],{},"How Python documents the method",[93,104438,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,104440,104442],{"id":104441},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104444,104445,104446,104448],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104447,102870],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1470,104450,1878,104452,12748],{"id":104451},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104453,102875],{},[20,104455,5191,104456,104458],{},[15,104457,3824],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1470,104460,5221,104462,232,104464,1906],{"id":104461},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104463,102870],{},[15,104465,55545],{},[20,104467,104468,104469,26572,104471,104473,104474,104476],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104470,55545],{},[15,104472,19721],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104475,102870],{}," does not.",[1470,104478,28363,104480,104482],{"id":104479},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104481,102870],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104484,1909,104485,104487],{},[15,104486,102870],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[93,104489,1952],{"id":1951},[33,104491,104492,104498,104504,104509,104513],{},[36,104493,104494],{},[49,104495,96830,104496,10770],{"href":98225},[15,104497,55545],{},[36,104499,104500],{},[49,104501,96830,104502,10770],{"href":98230},[15,104503,12795],{},[36,104505,104506],{},[49,104507,104508],{"href":97899},"Python set: creating a set",[36,104510,104511],{},[49,104512,100365],{"href":98807},[36,104514,104515],{},[49,104516,11292],{"href":11104},[1995,104518,104519],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":104521},[104522,104523,104525,104528,104533,104534,104535,104536,104538,104547,104548,104557],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":103047,"depth":125,"text":104524},"What set.discard() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":104526},[104527],{"id":103120,"depth":145,"text":103121},{"id":103200,"depth":125,"text":104529,"children":104530},"What makes discard() different",[104531],{"id":103239,"depth":145,"text":104532},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103392,"depth":125,"text":103393},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":103763,"depth":125,"text":103764},{"id":103956,"depth":125,"text":104537},"When to use discard()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":104539},[104540,104542,104544,104546],{"id":103985,"depth":145,"text":104541},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104115,"depth":145,"text":104543},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104203,"depth":145,"text":104545},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104308,"depth":145,"text":104309},{"id":8905,"depth":125,"text":8906},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":104549},[104550,104551,104553,104555],{"id":104441,"depth":145,"text":104442},{"id":104451,"depth":145,"text":104552},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104461,"depth":145,"text":104554},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104479,"depth":145,"text":104556},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102862,"description":104558},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104565,"title":104566,"body":104567,"description":106572,"extension":2033,"meta":106573,"navigation":148,"path":106574,"seo":106575,"stem":106576,"__hash__":106577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104568,"toc":106530},[104569,104572,104580,104584,104595,104597,104652,104656,104676,104681,104685,104690,104692,104706,104708,104783,104785,104818,104823,104828,104830,104832,104847,104850,104858,104863,104878,104880,104969,104971,105060,105066,105070,105072,105110,105112,105136,105139,105154,105156,105211,105213,105246,105248,105253,105257,105261,105266,105331,105333,105353,105359,105363,105420,105422,105443,105447,105452,105497,105499,105532,105535,105539,105572,105574,105603,105607,105611,105614,105616,105635,105637,105683,105688,105702,105704,105735,105740,105743,105787,105789,105817,105821,105825,105841,105844,105909,105911,105923,105926,105930,105933,105938,105966,105968,105986,105992,106031,106033,106051,106057,106086,106088,106106,106109,106126,106128,106133,106137,106140,106166,106173,106178,106193,106202,106206,106209,106240,106246,106249,106258,106261,106263,106265,106323,106326,106351,106353,106357,106360,106364,106372,106376,106379,106383,106386,106388,106411,106413,106454,106461,106469,106472,106503,106505,106527],[10,104570,104566],{"id":104571},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104573,9154,104574,104576,104577,236],{},[15,104575,3843],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1301,104578,104579],{},"unique values only",[20,104581,35436,104582,31],{},[15,104583,3843],{},[33,104585,104586,104589,104592],{},[36,104587,104588],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,104590,104591],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,104593,104594],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[93,104596,2075],{"id":2074},[59,104598,104600],{"className":61,"code":104599,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104601,104602,104626,104641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104603,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104605,3663],{"class":106},[68,104607,111],{"class":110},[68,104609,725],{"class":78},[68,104611,469],{"class":160},[68,104613,472],{"class":78},[68,104615,475],{"class":160},[68,104617,472],{"class":78},[68,104619,475],{"class":160},[68,104621,472],{"class":78},[68,104623,480],{"class":160},[68,104625,730],{"class":78},[68,104627,104628,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104629,104630],{"class":106},"unique_numbers ",[68,104632,111],{"class":110},[68,104634,15665],{"class":74},[68,104636,79],{"class":78},[68,104638,3693],{"class":138},[68,104640,85],{"class":78},[68,104642,104643,104645,104647,104650],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104644,129],{"class":128},[68,104646,79],{"class":78},[68,104648,104649],{"class":138},"unique_numbers",[68,104651,85],{"class":78},[20,104653,104654],{},[1301,104655,180],{},[59,104657,104658],{"className":61,"code":96623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,104659,104660],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104661,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104663,9308],{"class":78},[68,104665,469],{"class":160},[68,104667,472],{"class":78},[68,104669,475],{"class":160},[68,104671,472],{"class":78},[68,104673,480],{"class":160},[68,104675,9338],{"class":78},[20,104677,224,104678,104680],{},[15,104679,3843],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[93,104682,104684],{"id":104683},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104686,104687,104689],{},[15,104688,3843],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104691,30574],{},[33,104693,104694,104697,104700,104703],{},[36,104695,104696],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,104698,104699],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,104701,104702],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,104704,104705],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104707,326],{},[59,104709,104711],{"className":61,"code":104710,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104712,104713,104753,104768,104772],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104714,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104716,13108],{"class":106},[68,104718,111],{"class":110},[68,104720,725],{"class":78},[68,104722,344],{"class":114},[68,104724,13125],{"class":118},[68,104726,344],{"class":114},[68,104728,472],{"class":78},[68,104730,115],{"class":114},[68,104732,13142],{"class":118},[68,104734,344],{"class":114},[68,104736,472],{"class":78},[68,104738,115],{"class":114},[68,104740,13125],{"class":118},[68,104742,344],{"class":114},[68,104744,472],{"class":78},[68,104746,115],{"class":114},[68,104748,17488],{"class":118},[68,104750,344],{"class":114},[68,104752,730],{"class":78},[68,104754,104755,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104756,104757],{"class":106},"unique_colors ",[68,104759,111],{"class":110},[68,104761,15665],{"class":74},[68,104763,79],{"class":78},[68,104765,17535],{"class":138},[68,104767,85],{"class":78},[68,104769,104770],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104771,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,104773,104774,104776,104778,104781],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,104775,129],{"class":128},[68,104777,79],{"class":78},[68,104779,104780],{"class":138},"unique_colors",[68,104782,85],{"class":78},[20,104784,30064],{},[59,104786,104788],{"className":61,"code":104787,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104789,104790],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104791,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104793,9308],{"class":78},[68,104795,203],{"class":114},[68,104797,13142],{"class":118},[68,104799,203],{"class":114},[68,104801,472],{"class":78},[68,104803,197],{"class":114},[68,104805,17488],{"class":118},[68,104807,203],{"class":114},[68,104809,472],{"class":78},[68,104811,197],{"class":114},[68,104813,13125],{"class":118},[68,104815,203],{"class":114},[68,104817,9338],{"class":78},[20,104819,2353,104820,104822],{},[15,104821,65407],{}," appears only once.",[20,104824,104825,104826,236],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[49,104827,96344],{"href":96343},[93,104829,303],{"id":302},[20,104831,2231],{},[59,104833,104835],{"className":61,"code":104834,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104836,104837],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104838,104839,104841,104843,104845],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104840,6328],{"class":74},[68,104842,79],{"class":78},[68,104844,3766],{"class":138},[68,104846,85],{"class":78},[20,104848,104849],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,104851,104852,104855],{},[36,104853,104854],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,104856,104857],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104859,104860,104861,503],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104862,3843],{},[33,104864,104865,104867,104869,104871,104875],{},[36,104866,274],{},[36,104868,48971],{},[36,104870,61191],{},[36,104872,104873],{},[15,104874,36230],{},[36,104876,104877],{},"another set",[20,104879,2198],{},[59,104881,104883],{"className":61,"code":104882,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104884,104885,104911,104933,104951],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104886,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104888,129],{"class":128},[68,104890,79],{"class":78},[68,104892,6328],{"class":74},[68,104894,466],{"class":78},[68,104896,469],{"class":160},[68,104898,472],{"class":78},[68,104900,475],{"class":160},[68,104902,472],{"class":78},[68,104904,475],{"class":160},[68,104906,472],{"class":78},[68,104908,480],{"class":160},[68,104910,483],{"class":78},[68,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104914,129],{"class":128},[68,104916,79],{"class":78},[68,104918,6328],{"class":74},[68,104920,5552],{"class":78},[68,104922,438],{"class":160},[68,104924,472],{"class":78},[68,104926,7828],{"class":160},[68,104928,472],{"class":78},[68,104930,6045],{"class":160},[68,104932,2970],{"class":78},[68,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,104936,129],{"class":128},[68,104938,79],{"class":78},[68,104940,6328],{"class":74},[68,104942,79],{"class":78},[68,104944,344],{"class":114},[68,104946,347],{"class":118},[68,104948,344],{"class":114},[68,104950,142],{"class":78},[68,104952,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,104954,129],{"class":128},[68,104956,79],{"class":78},[68,104958,6328],{"class":74},[68,104960,79],{"class":78},[68,104962,60015],{"class":128},[68,104964,79],{"class":78},[68,104966,2568],{"class":160},[68,104968,2970],{"class":78},[20,104970,30064],{},[59,104972,104974],{"className":61,"code":104973,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104975,104976,104992,105004,105040],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,104977,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,104979,9308],{"class":78},[68,104981,469],{"class":160},[68,104983,472],{"class":78},[68,104985,475],{"class":160},[68,104987,472],{"class":78},[68,104989,480],{"class":160},[68,104991,9338],{"class":78},[68,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,104995,9308],{"class":78},[68,104997,438],{"class":160},[68,104999,472],{"class":78},[68,105001,7828],{"class":160},[68,105003,9338],{"class":78},[68,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105007,9308],{"class":78},[68,105009,203],{"class":114},[68,105011,60455],{"class":118},[68,105013,203],{"class":114},[68,105015,472],{"class":78},[68,105017,197],{"class":114},[68,105019,60464],{"class":118},[68,105021,203],{"class":114},[68,105023,472],{"class":78},[68,105025,197],{"class":114},[68,105027,60473],{"class":118},[68,105029,203],{"class":114},[68,105031,472],{"class":78},[68,105033,197],{"class":114},[68,105035,60490],{"class":118},[68,105037,203],{"class":114},[68,105039,9338],{"class":78},[68,105041,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105043,9308],{"class":78},[68,105045,2192],{"class":160},[68,105047,472],{"class":78},[68,105049,5539],{"class":160},[68,105051,472],{"class":78},[68,105053,475],{"class":160},[68,105055,472],{"class":78},[68,105057,480],{"class":160},[68,105059,9338],{"class":78},[20,105061,105062,105063,236],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[49,105064,105065],{"href":64862},"Python list() function explained",[93,105067,105069],{"id":105068},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105071,98296],{},[59,105073,105074],{"className":61,"code":99261,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105075,105076,105086,105096],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105077,105078,105080,105082,105084],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105079,98306],{"class":106},[68,105081,111],{"class":110},[68,105083,15665],{"class":74},[68,105085,8677],{"class":78},[68,105087,105088,105090,105092,105094],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105089,129],{"class":128},[68,105091,79],{"class":78},[68,105093,98325],{"class":138},[68,105095,85],{"class":78},[68,105097,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105099,129],{"class":128},[68,105101,79],{"class":78},[68,105103,75],{"class":74},[68,105105,79],{"class":78},[68,105107,98325],{"class":138},[68,105109,142],{"class":78},[20,105111,180],{},[59,105113,105114],{"className":61,"code":99304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105115,105116,105122],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105117,105118,105120],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105119,6328],{"class":74},[68,105121,8677],{"class":78},[68,105123,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105125,190],{"class":110},[68,105127,194],{"class":193},[68,105129,197],{"class":114},[68,105131,6328],{"class":118},[68,105133,203],{"class":114},[68,105135,206],{"class":110},[20,105137,105138],{},"This is important because:",[33,105140,105141,105146],{},[36,105142,105143,105145],{},[15,105144,3843],{}," creates an empty set",[36,105147,105148,105150,105151,105153],{},[15,105149,3838],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1301,105152,1303],{}," a set",[20,105155,326],{},[59,105157,105159],{"className":61,"code":105158,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105160,105161,105171,105179,105183,105197],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105164,2618],{"class":106},[68,105166,111],{"class":110},[68,105168,15665],{"class":74},[68,105170,8677],{"class":78},[68,105172,105173,105175,105177],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105174,2646],{"class":106},[68,105176,111],{"class":110},[68,105178,9868],{"class":78},[68,105180,105181],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105182,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,105184,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105186,129],{"class":128},[68,105188,79],{"class":78},[68,105190,75],{"class":74},[68,105192,79],{"class":78},[68,105194,49],{"class":138},[68,105196,142],{"class":78},[68,105198,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,105200,129],{"class":128},[68,105202,79],{"class":78},[68,105204,75],{"class":74},[68,105206,79],{"class":78},[68,105208,4806],{"class":138},[68,105210,142],{"class":78},[20,105212,180],{},[59,105214,105216],{"className":61,"code":105215,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105217,105218,105232],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105219,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105221,190],{"class":110},[68,105223,194],{"class":193},[68,105225,197],{"class":114},[68,105227,6328],{"class":118},[68,105229,203],{"class":114},[68,105231,206],{"class":110},[68,105233,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105235,190],{"class":110},[68,105237,194],{"class":193},[68,105239,197],{"class":114},[68,105241,280],{"class":118},[68,105243,203],{"class":114},[68,105245,206],{"class":110},[20,105247,14081],{},[20,105249,105250,105251,236],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[49,105252,104508],{"href":96347},[93,105254,105256],{"id":105255},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1470,105258,105260],{"id":105259},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105262,105263,105264,236],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105265,3843],{},[59,105267,105269],{"className":61,"code":105268,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105270,105271,105303,105317,105321],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105272,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105274,3663],{"class":106},[68,105276,111],{"class":110},[68,105278,725],{"class":78},[68,105280,469],{"class":160},[68,105282,472],{"class":78},[68,105284,475],{"class":160},[68,105286,472],{"class":78},[68,105288,475],{"class":160},[68,105290,472],{"class":78},[68,105292,480],{"class":160},[68,105294,472],{"class":78},[68,105296,480],{"class":160},[68,105298,472],{"class":78},[68,105300,480],{"class":160},[68,105302,730],{"class":78},[68,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105306,2297],{"class":106},[68,105308,111],{"class":110},[68,105310,15665],{"class":74},[68,105312,79],{"class":78},[68,105314,3693],{"class":138},[68,105316,85],{"class":78},[68,105318,105319],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105320,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,105322,105323,105325,105327,105329],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105324,129],{"class":128},[68,105326,79],{"class":78},[68,105328,2331],{"class":138},[68,105330,85],{"class":78},[20,105332,180],{},[59,105334,105335],{"className":61,"code":96623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105336,105337],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105338,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105340,9308],{"class":78},[68,105342,469],{"class":160},[68,105344,472],{"class":78},[68,105346,475],{"class":160},[68,105348,472],{"class":78},[68,105350,480],{"class":160},[68,105352,9338],{"class":78},[20,105354,105355,105356,236],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[49,105357,99094],{"href":105358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1470,105360,105362],{"id":105361},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[59,105364,105366],{"className":61,"code":105365,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105367,105368,105392,105406,105410],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105369,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105371,3869],{"class":106},[68,105373,111],{"class":110},[68,105375,9266],{"class":78},[68,105377,1497],{"class":160},[68,105379,472],{"class":78},[68,105381,4650],{"class":160},[68,105383,472],{"class":78},[68,105385,6045],{"class":160},[68,105387,472],{"class":78},[68,105389,37970],{"class":160},[68,105391,85],{"class":78},[68,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105395,2297],{"class":106},[68,105397,111],{"class":110},[68,105399,15665],{"class":74},[68,105401,79],{"class":78},[68,105403,5401],{"class":138},[68,105405,85],{"class":78},[68,105407,105408],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105409,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105413,129],{"class":128},[68,105415,79],{"class":78},[68,105417,2331],{"class":138},[68,105419,85],{"class":78},[20,105421,180],{},[59,105423,105425],{"className":61,"code":105424,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105426,105427],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105430,9308],{"class":78},[68,105432,1497],{"class":160},[68,105434,472],{"class":78},[68,105436,6045],{"class":160},[68,105438,472],{"class":78},[68,105440,37970],{"class":160},[68,105442,9338],{"class":78},[1470,105444,105446],{"id":105445},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105448,51142,105449,105451],{},[15,105450,3843],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[59,105453,105455],{"className":61,"code":105454,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105456,105457,105469,105483,105487],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105460,1345],{"class":106},[68,105462,111],{"class":110},[68,105464,115],{"class":114},[68,105466,4132],{"class":118},[68,105468,122],{"class":114},[68,105470,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105472,2297],{"class":106},[68,105474,111],{"class":110},[68,105476,15665],{"class":74},[68,105478,79],{"class":78},[68,105480,1367],{"class":138},[68,105482,85],{"class":78},[68,105484,105485],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105486,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,105488,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105490,129],{"class":128},[68,105492,79],{"class":78},[68,105494,2331],{"class":138},[68,105496,85],{"class":78},[20,105498,30064],{},[59,105500,105502],{"className":61,"code":105501,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105503,105504],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105505,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105507,9308],{"class":78},[68,105509,203],{"class":114},[68,105511,4806],{"class":118},[68,105513,203],{"class":114},[68,105515,472],{"class":78},[68,105517,197],{"class":114},[68,105519,49],{"class":118},[68,105521,203],{"class":114},[68,105523,472],{"class":78},[68,105525,197],{"class":114},[68,105527,76044],{"class":118},[68,105529,203],{"class":114},[68,105531,9338],{"class":78},[20,105533,105534],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1470,105536,105538],{"id":105537},"from-range","From range()",[59,105540,105542],{"className":61,"code":105541,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105543,105544,105562],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105545,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105547,2297],{"class":106},[68,105549,111],{"class":110},[68,105551,15665],{"class":74},[68,105553,79],{"class":78},[68,105555,60015],{"class":128},[68,105557,79],{"class":78},[68,105559,1497],{"class":160},[68,105561,142],{"class":78},[68,105563,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105565,129],{"class":128},[68,105567,79],{"class":78},[68,105569,2331],{"class":138},[68,105571,85],{"class":78},[20,105573,180],{},[59,105575,105577],{"className":61,"code":105576,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105578,105579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105580,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105582,9308],{"class":78},[68,105584,2192],{"class":160},[68,105586,472],{"class":78},[68,105588,5539],{"class":160},[68,105590,472],{"class":78},[68,105592,475],{"class":160},[68,105594,472],{"class":78},[68,105596,480],{"class":160},[68,105598,472],{"class":78},[68,105600,2521],{"class":160},[68,105602,9338],{"class":78},[93,105604,105606],{"id":105605},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105608,99541,105609,236],{},[1301,105610,96387],{},[20,105612,105613],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105615,99547],{},[33,105617,105618,105622,105626,105630],{},[36,105619,105620],{},[15,105621,217],{},[36,105623,105624],{},[15,105625,200],{},[36,105627,105628],{},[15,105629,268],{},[36,105631,105632,105634],{},[15,105633,48971],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105636,326],{},[59,105638,105640],{"className":61,"code":105639,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105641,105642,105673],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105643,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105645,7817],{"class":106},[68,105647,111],{"class":110},[68,105649,1221],{"class":78},[68,105651,469],{"class":160},[68,105653,472],{"class":78},[68,105655,115],{"class":114},[68,105657,347],{"class":118},[68,105659,344],{"class":114},[68,105661,472],{"class":78},[68,105663,9266],{"class":78},[68,105665,438],{"class":160},[68,105667,472],{"class":78},[68,105669,7828],{"class":160},[68,105671,105672],{"class":78},")}\n",[68,105674,105675,105677,105679,105681],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105676,129],{"class":128},[68,105678,79],{"class":78},[68,105680,7848],{"class":138},[68,105682,85],{"class":78},[20,105684,99609,105685,105687],{},[1301,105686,1303],{}," work inside a set:",[33,105689,105690,105694,105698],{},[36,105691,105692],{},[15,105693,274],{},[36,105695,105696],{},[15,105697,280],{},[36,105699,105700],{},[15,105701,6328],{},[20,105703,97112],{},[59,105705,105707],{"className":61,"code":105706,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105708,105709],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105710,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105712,99628],{"class":106},[68,105714,111],{"class":110},[68,105716,99633],{"class":78},[68,105718,469],{"class":160},[68,105720,472],{"class":78},[68,105722,475],{"class":160},[68,105724,18095],{"class":78},[68,105726,725],{"class":78},[68,105728,2135],{"class":160},[68,105730,472],{"class":78},[68,105732,2521],{"class":160},[68,105734,13738],{"class":78},[20,105736,76872,105737,105739],{},[15,105738,3060],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105741,105742],{},"A safer example:",[59,105744,105746],{"className":61,"code":105745,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105747,105748,105776],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105749,105750,105753,105755,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105751,105752],{"class":106},"good_set ",[68,105754,111],{"class":110},[68,105756,105757],{"class":78}," {(",[68,105759,469],{"class":160},[68,105761,472],{"class":78},[68,105763,475],{"class":160},[68,105765,9263],{"class":78},[68,105767,9266],{"class":78},[68,105769,2135],{"class":160},[68,105771,472],{"class":78},[68,105773,2521],{"class":160},[68,105775,105672],{"class":78},[68,105777,105778,105780,105782,105785],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105779,129],{"class":128},[68,105781,79],{"class":78},[68,105783,105784],{"class":138},"good_set",[68,105786,85],{"class":78},[20,105788,180],{},[59,105790,105792],{"className":61,"code":105791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105793,105794],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105795,105796,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105797,105798],{"class":78},"{(",[68,105800,469],{"class":160},[68,105802,472],{"class":78},[68,105804,475],{"class":160},[68,105806,9263],{"class":78},[68,105808,9266],{"class":78},[68,105810,2135],{"class":160},[68,105812,472],{"class":78},[68,105814,2521],{"class":160},[68,105816,105672],{"class":78},[93,105818,105820],{"id":105819},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105822,224,105823,10630],{},[15,105824,3843],{},[33,105826,105827,105830,105835,105838],{},[36,105828,105829],{},"you need unique values only",[36,105831,105832,105833],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105834,3927],{},[36,105836,105837],{},"order does not matter",[36,105839,105840],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105842,105843],{},"Example of membership checking:",[59,105845,105847],{"className":61,"code":105846,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105848,105849,105874,105878,105894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105850,105851,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105867,105869,105872],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105852,105853],{"class":106},"allowed_ids ",[68,105855,111],{"class":110},[68,105857,15665],{"class":74},[68,105859,466],{"class":78},[68,105861,46612],{"class":160},[68,105863,472],{"class":78},[68,105865,105866],{"class":160}," 102",[68,105868,472],{"class":78},[68,105870,105871],{"class":160}," 103",[68,105873,3933],{"class":78},[68,105875,105876],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105877,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,105879,105880,105882,105884,105887,105889,105892],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,105881,129],{"class":128},[68,105883,79],{"class":78},[68,105885,105886],{"class":160},"102",[68,105888,21208],{"class":1098},[68,105890,105891],{"class":138}," allowed_ids",[68,105893,85],{"class":78},[68,105895,105896,105898,105900,105903,105905,105907],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,105897,129],{"class":128},[68,105899,79],{"class":78},[68,105901,105902],{"class":160},"999",[68,105904,21208],{"class":1098},[68,105906,105891],{"class":138},[68,105908,85],{"class":78},[20,105910,180],{},[59,105912,105913],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105914,105915,105919],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105916,105917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105918,1070],{"class":526},[68,105920,105921],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105922,4084],{"class":526},[20,105924,105925],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[93,105927,105929],{"id":105928},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105931,105932],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1470,105934,224,105936,98238],{"id":105935},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105937,3843],{},[59,105939,105940],{"className":61,"code":98299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105941,105942,105952],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105943,105944,105946,105948,105950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105945,98306],{"class":106},[68,105947,111],{"class":110},[68,105949,15665],{"class":74},[68,105951,8677],{"class":78},[68,105953,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,105955,129],{"class":128},[68,105957,79],{"class":78},[68,105959,75],{"class":74},[68,105961,79],{"class":78},[68,105963,98325],{"class":138},[68,105965,142],{"class":78},[20,105967,180],{},[59,105969,105970],{"className":61,"code":8886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,105971,105972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105973,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,105975,190],{"class":110},[68,105977,194],{"class":193},[68,105979,197],{"class":114},[68,105981,6328],{"class":118},[68,105983,203],{"class":114},[68,105985,206],{"class":110},[1470,105987,224,105989,105991],{"id":105988},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105990,100298],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[59,105993,105995],{"className":61,"code":105994,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105996,105997,106017],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,105998,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106000,3663],{"class":106},[68,106002,111],{"class":110},[68,106004,1221],{"class":78},[68,106006,469],{"class":160},[68,106008,472],{"class":78},[68,106010,475],{"class":160},[68,106012,472],{"class":78},[68,106014,480],{"class":160},[68,106016,9338],{"class":78},[68,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106020,129],{"class":128},[68,106022,79],{"class":78},[68,106024,75],{"class":74},[68,106026,79],{"class":78},[68,106028,3693],{"class":138},[68,106030,142],{"class":78},[20,106032,180],{},[59,106034,106035],{"className":61,"code":8886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,106036,106037],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106038,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106040,190],{"class":110},[68,106042,194],{"class":193},[68,106044,197],{"class":114},[68,106046,6328],{"class":118},[68,106048,203],{"class":114},[68,106050,206],{"class":110},[1470,106052,224,106054,106056],{"id":106053},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106055,3838],{}," for an empty dictionary",[59,106058,106060],{"className":61,"code":106059,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106061,106062,106071],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106063,106064,106067,106069],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106065,106066],{"class":106},"empty_dict ",[68,106068,111],{"class":110},[68,106070,9868],{"class":78},[68,106072,106073,106075,106077,106079,106081,106084],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106074,129],{"class":128},[68,106076,79],{"class":78},[68,106078,75],{"class":74},[68,106080,79],{"class":78},[68,106082,106083],{"class":138},"empty_dict",[68,106085,142],{"class":78},[20,106087,180],{},[59,106089,106090],{"className":61,"code":8843,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,106091,106092],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106093,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106095,190],{"class":110},[68,106097,194],{"class":193},[68,106099,197],{"class":114},[68,106101,280],{"class":118},[68,106103,203],{"class":114},[68,106105,206],{"class":110},[20,106107,106108],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,106110,106111,106116,106121],{},[36,106112,106113,106115],{},[15,106114,3843],{}," → empty set",[36,106117,106118,106120],{},[15,106119,100298],{}," → non-empty set",[36,106122,106123,106125],{},[15,106124,3838],{}," → empty dictionary",[93,106127,1750],{"id":1749},[20,106129,106130,106131,236],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106132,3843],{},[1470,106134,633,106135,99896],{"id":99893},[15,106136,3838],{},[20,106138,106139],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[59,106141,106142],{"className":61,"code":99902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,106143,106144,106152],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106145,106146,106148,106150],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106147,652],{"class":106},[68,106149,111],{"class":110},[68,106151,9868],{"class":78},[68,106153,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106155,129],{"class":128},[68,106157,79],{"class":78},[68,106159,75],{"class":74},[68,106161,79],{"class":78},[68,106163,665],{"class":138},[68,106165,142],{"class":78},[1470,106167,106169,106170],{"id":106168},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106171,106172],{},"set(5)",[20,106174,106175,106177],{},[15,106176,3843],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[59,106179,106181],{"className":61,"code":106180,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set(5)\n",[15,106182,106183],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106184,106185,106187,106189,106191],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106186,6328],{"class":74},[68,106188,79],{"class":78},[68,106190,1497],{"class":160},[68,106192,85],{"class":78},[20,106194,3057,106195,106197,106198,236],{},[15,106196,3060],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[49,106199,106201],{"href":106200},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1470,106203,106205],{"id":106204},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106207,106208],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[59,106210,106212],{"className":61,"code":106211,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106213,106214],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106215,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106217,652],{"class":106},[68,106219,111],{"class":110},[68,106221,99633],{"class":78},[68,106223,469],{"class":160},[68,106225,472],{"class":78},[68,106227,475],{"class":160},[68,106229,18095],{"class":78},[68,106231,725],{"class":78},[68,106233,2135],{"class":160},[68,106235,472],{"class":78},[68,106237,2521],{"class":160},[68,106239,13738],{"class":78},[1470,106241,1770,106243,106245],{"id":106242},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106244,3843],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106247,106248],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1470,106250,37237,106252,8739,106254,384,106256],{"id":106251},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106253,3843],{},[15,106255,24816],{},[15,106257,9151],{},[20,106259,106260],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[93,106262,60727],{"id":60726},[20,106264,11142],{},[59,106266,106268],{"className":61,"code":106267,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106269,106270,106285,106295,106309],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106271,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106283],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106273,129],{"class":128},[68,106275,79],{"class":78},[68,106277,75],{"class":74},[68,106279,79],{"class":78},[68,106281,106282],{"class":138},"my_value",[68,106284,142],{"class":78},[68,106286,106287,106289,106291,106293],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106288,129],{"class":128},[68,106290,79],{"class":78},[68,106292,106282],{"class":138},[68,106294,85],{"class":78},[68,106296,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,106298,129],{"class":128},[68,106300,79],{"class":78},[68,106302,274],{"class":74},[68,106304,79],{"class":78},[68,106306,15698],{"class":138},[68,106308,142],{"class":78},[68,106310,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,106312,129],{"class":128},[68,106314,79],{"class":78},[68,106316,11191],{"class":128},[68,106318,79],{"class":78},[68,106320,15698],{"class":138},[68,106322,142],{"class":78},[20,106324,106325],{},"What they help you see:",[33,106327,106328,106334,106339,106345],{},[36,106329,106330,106333],{},[15,106331,106332],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,106335,106336,90562],{},[15,106337,106338],{},"print(my_value)",[36,106340,106341,106344],{},[15,106342,106343],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,106346,106347,106350],{},[15,106348,106349],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[93,106352,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,106354,106356],{"id":106355},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106358,106359],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1470,106361,106363],{"id":106362},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106365,224,106366,106368,106369,106371],{},[15,106367,3843],{},". Do not use ",[15,106370,3838],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1470,106373,106375],{"id":106374},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106377,106378],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1470,106380,106382],{"id":106381},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106384,106385],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106387,326],{},[59,106389,106391],{"className":61,"code":106390,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106392,106393],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106394,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407,106409],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106396,129],{"class":128},[68,106398,79],{"class":78},[68,106400,6328],{"class":74},[68,106402,79],{"class":78},[68,106404,344],{"class":114},[68,106406,4123],{"class":118},[68,106408,344],{"class":114},[68,106410,142],{"class":78},[20,106412,30064],{},[59,106414,106416],{"className":61,"code":106415,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106417,106418],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106419,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106421,9308],{"class":78},[68,106423,203],{"class":114},[68,106425,49],{"class":118},[68,106427,203],{"class":114},[68,106429,472],{"class":78},[68,106431,197],{"class":114},[68,106433,20],{"class":118},[68,106435,203],{"class":114},[68,106437,472],{"class":78},[68,106439,197],{"class":114},[68,106441,60473],{"class":118},[68,106443,203],{"class":114},[68,106445,472],{"class":78},[68,106447,197],{"class":114},[68,106449,60464],{"class":118},[68,106451,203],{"class":114},[68,106453,9338],{"class":78},[1470,106455,1919,106457,106460],{"id":106456},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106458,106459],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106462,106463,28720,106465,106468],{},[15,106464,3843],{},[1301,106466,106467],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106470,106471],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[59,106473,106475],{"className":61,"code":106474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106476,106477],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106480,129],{"class":128},[68,106482,79],{"class":78},[68,106484,6328],{"class":74},[68,106486,466],{"class":78},[68,106488,469],{"class":160},[68,106490,472],{"class":78},[68,106492,475],{"class":160},[68,106494,472],{"class":78},[68,106496,480],{"class":160},[68,106498,472],{"class":78},[68,106500,2521],{"class":160},[68,106502,483],{"class":78},[93,106504,1952],{"id":1951},[33,106506,106507,106511,106515,106519,106523],{},[36,106508,106509],{},[49,106510,96344],{"href":96343},[36,106512,106513],{},[49,106514,104508],{"href":96347},[36,106516,106517],{},[49,106518,100360],{"href":105358},[36,106520,106521],{},[49,106522,105065],{"href":64862},[36,106524,106525],{},[49,106526,106201],{"href":106200},[1995,106528,106529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":106531},[106532,106533,106534,106535,106536,106542,106543,106544,106552,106562,106563,106571],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":104683,"depth":125,"text":104684},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":105068,"depth":125,"text":105069},{"id":105255,"depth":125,"text":105256,"children":106537},[106538,106539,106540,106541],{"id":105259,"depth":145,"text":105260},{"id":105361,"depth":145,"text":105362},{"id":105445,"depth":145,"text":105446},{"id":105537,"depth":145,"text":105538},{"id":105605,"depth":125,"text":105606},{"id":105819,"depth":125,"text":105820},{"id":105928,"depth":125,"text":105929,"children":106545},[106546,106548,106550],{"id":105935,"depth":145,"text":106547},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105988,"depth":145,"text":106549},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106053,"depth":145,"text":106551},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":106553},[106554,106555,106557,106558,106560],{"id":99893,"depth":145,"text":100401},{"id":106168,"depth":145,"text":106556},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106204,"depth":145,"text":106205},{"id":106242,"depth":145,"text":106559},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106251,"depth":145,"text":106561},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60726,"depth":125,"text":60727},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":106564},[106565,106566,106567,106568,106569],{"id":106355,"depth":145,"text":106356},{"id":106362,"depth":145,"text":106363},{"id":106374,"depth":145,"text":106375},{"id":106381,"depth":145,"text":106382},{"id":106456,"depth":145,"text":106570},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104566,"description":106572},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106579,"title":106580,"body":106581,"description":108096,"extension":2033,"meta":108097,"navigation":148,"path":108098,"seo":108099,"stem":108100,"__hash__":108101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106582,"toc":108072},[106583,106589,106594,106597,106680,106685,106690,106695,106697,106710,106714,106716,106735,106738,106761,106764,106775,106777,106858,106860,106877,106879,106885,106888,106983,106985,107016,107018,107026,107028,107031,107142,107144,107169,107171,107193,107198,107203,107209,107318,107320,107336,107339,107342,107425,107427,107444,107452,107454,107458,107464,107555,107557,107590,107595,107602,107679,107681,107698,107704,107706,107710,107726,107729,107755,107757,107818,107820,107943,107945,107996,108002,108004,108009,108011,108017,108020,108024,108027,108031,108034,108044,108046,108069],[10,106584,13,106586,11352],{"id":106585},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106587,106588],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106590,2050,106591,106593],{},[15,106592,106588],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106595,106596],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[59,106598,106600],{"className":61,"code":106599,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106601,106602,106622,106642,106646,106665,106675],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106605,2618],{"class":106},[68,106607,111],{"class":110},[68,106609,1221],{"class":78},[68,106611,469],{"class":160},[68,106613,472],{"class":78},[68,106615,475],{"class":160},[68,106617,472],{"class":78},[68,106619,480],{"class":160},[68,106621,9338],{"class":78},[68,106623,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106625,2646],{"class":106},[68,106627,111],{"class":110},[68,106629,1221],{"class":78},[68,106631,2129],{"class":160},[68,106633,472],{"class":78},[68,106635,480],{"class":160},[68,106637,472],{"class":78},[68,106639,2521],{"class":160},[68,106641,9338],{"class":78},[68,106643,106644],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,106645,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,106647,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106659,106661,106663],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,106649,2297],{"class":106},[68,106651,111],{"class":110},[68,106653,56904],{"class":106},[68,106655,236],{"class":78},[68,106657,106658],{"class":138},"intersection",[68,106660,79],{"class":78},[68,106662,4806],{"class":138},[68,106664,85],{"class":78},[68,106666,106667,106669,106671,106673],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,106668,129],{"class":128},[68,106670,79],{"class":78},[68,106672,2331],{"class":138},[68,106674,85],{"class":78},[68,106676,106677],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,106678,106679],{"class":3708},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106681,224,106682,106684],{},[15,106683,102807],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[93,106686,240,106688,13031],{"id":106687},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106689,102807],{},[20,106691,106692,106694],{},[15,106693,102807],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106696,13084],{},[33,106698,106699,106702,106704,106707],{},[36,106700,106701],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,106703,100577],{},[36,106705,106706],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,106708,106709],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106711,96340,106712,236],{},[49,106713,96344],{"href":96343},[93,106715,303],{"id":302},[59,106717,106719],{"className":61,"code":106718,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106720,106721],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106722,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106724,100601],{"class":106},[68,106726,236],{"class":78},[68,106728,106658],{"class":138},[68,106730,79],{"class":78},[68,106732,100610],{"class":138},[68,106734,85],{"class":78},[20,106736,106737],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[59,106739,106741],{"className":61,"code":106740,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106742,106743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106744,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106746,100601],{"class":106},[68,106748,236],{"class":78},[68,106750,106658],{"class":138},[68,106752,79],{"class":78},[68,106754,100610],{"class":138},[68,106756,472],{"class":78},[68,106758,100637],{"class":138},[68,106760,85],{"class":78},[20,106762,106763],{},"Important notes:",[33,106765,106766,106769,106772],{},[36,106767,106768],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,106770,106771],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,106773,106774],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106776,326],{},[59,106778,106780],{"className":61,"code":106779,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106781,106782,106806,106826,106830,106848],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106783,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792,106794,106796,106798,106800,106802,106804],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106785,2618],{"class":106},[68,106787,111],{"class":110},[68,106789,1221],{"class":78},[68,106791,469],{"class":160},[68,106793,472],{"class":78},[68,106795,475],{"class":160},[68,106797,472],{"class":78},[68,106799,480],{"class":160},[68,106801,472],{"class":78},[68,106803,2521],{"class":160},[68,106805,9338],{"class":78},[68,106807,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106809,2646],{"class":106},[68,106811,111],{"class":110},[68,106813,1221],{"class":78},[68,106815,2135],{"class":160},[68,106817,472],{"class":78},[68,106819,2521],{"class":160},[68,106821,472],{"class":78},[68,106823,4650],{"class":160},[68,106825,9338],{"class":78},[68,106827,106828],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,106829,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,106831,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,106833,2297],{"class":106},[68,106835,111],{"class":110},[68,106837,56904],{"class":106},[68,106839,236],{"class":78},[68,106841,106658],{"class":138},[68,106843,79],{"class":78},[68,106845,4806],{"class":138},[68,106847,85],{"class":78},[68,106849,106850,106852,106854,106856],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,106851,129],{"class":128},[68,106853,79],{"class":78},[68,106855,2331],{"class":138},[68,106857,85],{"class":78},[20,106859,180],{},[59,106861,106863],{"className":61,"code":106862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106864,106865],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106866,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106868,9308],{"class":78},[68,106870,2135],{"class":160},[68,106872,472],{"class":78},[68,106874,2521],{"class":160},[68,106876,9338],{"class":78},[93,106878,17451],{"id":17450},[20,106880,106881,22010,106883,236],{},[15,106882,102807],{},[1301,106884,6328],{},[20,106886,106887],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[59,106889,106891],{"className":61,"code":106890,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106892,106893,106913,106933,106937,106955,106959,106969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106894,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106896,2618],{"class":106},[68,106898,111],{"class":110},[68,106900,1221],{"class":78},[68,106902,469],{"class":160},[68,106904,472],{"class":78},[68,106906,475],{"class":160},[68,106908,472],{"class":78},[68,106910,480],{"class":160},[68,106912,9338],{"class":78},[68,106914,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,106916,2646],{"class":106},[68,106918,111],{"class":110},[68,106920,1221],{"class":78},[68,106922,2129],{"class":160},[68,106924,472],{"class":78},[68,106926,480],{"class":160},[68,106928,472],{"class":78},[68,106930,2521],{"class":160},[68,106932,9338],{"class":78},[68,106934,106935],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,106936,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,106938,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,106940,2297],{"class":106},[68,106942,111],{"class":110},[68,106944,56904],{"class":106},[68,106946,236],{"class":78},[68,106948,106658],{"class":138},[68,106950,79],{"class":78},[68,106952,4806],{"class":138},[68,106954,85],{"class":78},[68,106956,106957],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,106958,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,106960,106961,106963,106965,106967],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,106962,129],{"class":128},[68,106964,79],{"class":78},[68,106966,2331],{"class":138},[68,106968,85],{"class":78},[68,106970,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,106972,129],{"class":128},[68,106974,79],{"class":78},[68,106976,75],{"class":74},[68,106978,79],{"class":78},[68,106980,2331],{"class":138},[68,106982,142],{"class":78},[20,106984,180],{},[59,106986,106988],{"className":61,"code":106987,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106989,106990,107002],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,106991,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,106993,9308],{"class":78},[68,106995,2129],{"class":160},[68,106997,472],{"class":78},[68,106999,480],{"class":160},[68,107001,9338],{"class":78},[68,107003,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107005,190],{"class":110},[68,107007,194],{"class":193},[68,107009,197],{"class":114},[68,107011,6328],{"class":118},[68,107013,203],{"class":114},[68,107015,206],{"class":110},[20,107017,85825],{},[33,107019,107020,107023],{},[36,107021,107022],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,107024,107025],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[93,107027,11506],{"id":11505},[20,107029,107030],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[59,107032,107034],{"className":61,"code":107033,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107035,107036,107069,107102,107106,107127,107131],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107037,107038,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107039,107040],{"class":106},"colors1 ",[68,107042,111],{"class":110},[68,107044,1221],{"class":78},[68,107046,344],{"class":114},[68,107048,13125],{"class":118},[68,107050,344],{"class":114},[68,107052,472],{"class":78},[68,107054,115],{"class":114},[68,107056,13142],{"class":118},[68,107058,344],{"class":114},[68,107060,472],{"class":78},[68,107062,115],{"class":114},[68,107064,17488],{"class":118},[68,107066,344],{"class":114},[68,107068,9338],{"class":78},[68,107070,107071,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107072,107073],{"class":106},"colors2 ",[68,107075,111],{"class":110},[68,107077,1221],{"class":78},[68,107079,344],{"class":114},[68,107081,17488],{"class":118},[68,107083,344],{"class":114},[68,107085,472],{"class":78},[68,107087,115],{"class":114},[68,107089,22559],{"class":118},[68,107091,344],{"class":114},[68,107093,472],{"class":78},[68,107095,115],{"class":114},[68,107097,13142],{"class":118},[68,107099,344],{"class":114},[68,107101,9338],{"class":78},[68,107103,107104],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107105,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107107,107108,107111,107113,107116,107118,107120,107122,107125],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107109,107110],{"class":106},"common_colors ",[68,107112,111],{"class":110},[68,107114,107115],{"class":106}," colors1",[68,107117,236],{"class":78},[68,107119,106658],{"class":138},[68,107121,79],{"class":78},[68,107123,107124],{"class":138},"colors2",[68,107126,85],{"class":78},[68,107128,107129],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,107130,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107132,107133,107135,107137,107140],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,107134,129],{"class":128},[68,107136,79],{"class":78},[68,107138,107139],{"class":138},"common_colors",[68,107141,85],{"class":78},[20,107143,180],{},[59,107145,107147],{"className":61,"code":107146,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107148,107149],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107152,9308],{"class":78},[68,107154,203],{"class":114},[68,107156,13142],{"class":118},[68,107158,203],{"class":114},[68,107160,472],{"class":78},[68,107162,197],{"class":114},[68,107164,17488],{"class":118},[68,107166,203],{"class":114},[68,107168,9338],{"class":78},[20,107170,11715],{},[33,107172,107173,107179,107183,107188],{},[36,107174,107175,107178],{},[15,107176,107177],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[36,107180,107181,107178],{},[15,107182,107124],{},[36,107184,107185,107187],{},[15,107186,102807],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,107189,107190,107191],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107192,107139],{},[93,107194,633,107196,101174],{"id":107195},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107197,102807],{},[20,107199,107200,107201,236],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107202,102807],{},[20,107204,107205,107206,107208],{},"Only the values found in ",[1301,107207,3761],{}," inputs will be kept.",[59,107210,107212],{"className":61,"code":107211,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107213,107214,107238,107262,107282,107286,107308],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107215,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107217,2618],{"class":106},[68,107219,111],{"class":110},[68,107221,1221],{"class":78},[68,107223,469],{"class":160},[68,107225,472],{"class":78},[68,107227,475],{"class":160},[68,107229,472],{"class":78},[68,107231,480],{"class":160},[68,107233,472],{"class":78},[68,107235,2521],{"class":160},[68,107237,9338],{"class":78},[68,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107241,2646],{"class":106},[68,107243,111],{"class":110},[68,107245,1221],{"class":78},[68,107247,2129],{"class":160},[68,107249,472],{"class":78},[68,107251,480],{"class":160},[68,107253,472],{"class":78},[68,107255,2521],{"class":160},[68,107257,472],{"class":78},[68,107259,4650],{"class":160},[68,107261,9338],{"class":78},[68,107263,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107265,83199],{"class":106},[68,107267,111],{"class":110},[68,107269,1221],{"class":78},[68,107271,2135],{"class":160},[68,107273,472],{"class":78},[68,107275,2521],{"class":160},[68,107277,472],{"class":78},[68,107279,37677],{"class":160},[68,107281,9338],{"class":78},[68,107283,107284],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107285,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107287,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,107289,2297],{"class":106},[68,107291,111],{"class":110},[68,107293,56904],{"class":106},[68,107295,236],{"class":78},[68,107297,106658],{"class":138},[68,107299,79],{"class":78},[68,107301,4806],{"class":138},[68,107303,472],{"class":78},[68,107305,9711],{"class":138},[68,107307,85],{"class":78},[68,107309,107310,107312,107314,107316],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,107311,129],{"class":128},[68,107313,79],{"class":78},[68,107315,2331],{"class":138},[68,107317,85],{"class":78},[20,107319,180],{},[59,107321,107322],{"className":61,"code":106862,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,107323,107324],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107325,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107327,9308],{"class":78},[68,107329,2135],{"class":160},[68,107331,472],{"class":78},[68,107333,2521],{"class":160},[68,107335,9338],{"class":78},[20,107337,107338],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107340,107341],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[59,107343,107345],{"className":61,"code":107344,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107346,107347,107371,107375,107415],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107350,2618],{"class":106},[68,107352,111],{"class":110},[68,107354,1221],{"class":78},[68,107356,469],{"class":160},[68,107358,472],{"class":78},[68,107360,475],{"class":160},[68,107362,472],{"class":78},[68,107364,480],{"class":160},[68,107366,472],{"class":78},[68,107368,2521],{"class":160},[68,107370,9338],{"class":78},[68,107372,107373],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107374,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107378,2297],{"class":106},[68,107380,111],{"class":110},[68,107382,56904],{"class":106},[68,107384,236],{"class":78},[68,107386,106658],{"class":138},[68,107388,466],{"class":78},[68,107390,2129],{"class":160},[68,107392,472],{"class":78},[68,107394,2521],{"class":160},[68,107396,472],{"class":78},[68,107398,37677],{"class":160},[68,107400,18095],{"class":78},[68,107402,9266],{"class":78},[68,107404,469],{"class":160},[68,107406,472],{"class":78},[68,107408,475],{"class":160},[68,107410,472],{"class":78},[68,107412,2521],{"class":160},[68,107414,142],{"class":78},[68,107416,107417,107419,107421,107423],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107418,129],{"class":128},[68,107420,79],{"class":78},[68,107422,2331],{"class":138},[68,107424,85],{"class":78},[20,107426,180],{},[59,107428,107430],{"className":61,"code":107429,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107431,107432],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107433,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107435,9308],{"class":78},[68,107437,2129],{"class":160},[68,107439,472],{"class":78},[68,107441,2521],{"class":160},[68,107443,9338],{"class":78},[93,107445,107447,969,107449],{"id":107446},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107448,102807],{},[15,107450,107451],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107453,101344],{},[1470,107455,107456],{"id":106658},[15,107457,102807],{},[33,107459,107460,107462],{},[36,107461,101353],{},[36,107463,101356],{},[59,107465,107467],{"className":61,"code":107466,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107468,107469,107489,107509,107513,107531,107535,107545],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107470,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107472,2618],{"class":106},[68,107474,111],{"class":110},[68,107476,1221],{"class":78},[68,107478,469],{"class":160},[68,107480,472],{"class":78},[68,107482,475],{"class":160},[68,107484,472],{"class":78},[68,107486,480],{"class":160},[68,107488,9338],{"class":78},[68,107490,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107492,2646],{"class":106},[68,107494,111],{"class":110},[68,107496,1221],{"class":78},[68,107498,2129],{"class":160},[68,107500,472],{"class":78},[68,107502,480],{"class":160},[68,107504,472],{"class":78},[68,107506,2521],{"class":160},[68,107508,9338],{"class":78},[68,107510,107511],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107512,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107514,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107516,2297],{"class":106},[68,107518,111],{"class":110},[68,107520,56904],{"class":106},[68,107522,236],{"class":78},[68,107524,106658],{"class":138},[68,107526,79],{"class":78},[68,107528,4806],{"class":138},[68,107530,85],{"class":78},[68,107532,107533],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,107534,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107536,107537,107539,107541,107543],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,107538,129],{"class":128},[68,107540,79],{"class":78},[68,107542,49],{"class":138},[68,107544,85],{"class":78},[68,107546,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,107548,129],{"class":128},[68,107550,79],{"class":78},[68,107552,2331],{"class":138},[68,107554,85],{"class":78},[20,107556,180],{},[59,107558,107560],{"className":61,"code":107559,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107561,107562,107578],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107565,9308],{"class":78},[68,107567,469],{"class":160},[68,107569,472],{"class":78},[68,107571,475],{"class":160},[68,107573,472],{"class":78},[68,107575,480],{"class":160},[68,107577,9338],{"class":78},[68,107579,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107581,9308],{"class":78},[68,107583,2129],{"class":160},[68,107585,472],{"class":78},[68,107587,480],{"class":160},[68,107589,9338],{"class":78},[1470,107591,107593],{"id":107592},"intersection_update",[15,107594,107451],{},[33,107596,107597,107599],{},[36,107598,101496],{},[36,107600,107601],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[59,107603,107605],{"className":61,"code":107604,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107606,107607,107627,107647,107651,107665,107669],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107608,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107610,2618],{"class":106},[68,107612,111],{"class":110},[68,107614,1221],{"class":78},[68,107616,469],{"class":160},[68,107618,472],{"class":78},[68,107620,475],{"class":160},[68,107622,472],{"class":78},[68,107624,480],{"class":160},[68,107626,9338],{"class":78},[68,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107630,2646],{"class":106},[68,107632,111],{"class":110},[68,107634,1221],{"class":78},[68,107636,2129],{"class":160},[68,107638,472],{"class":78},[68,107640,480],{"class":160},[68,107642,472],{"class":78},[68,107644,2521],{"class":160},[68,107646,9338],{"class":78},[68,107648,107649],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107650,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107654,49],{"class":106},[68,107656,236],{"class":78},[68,107658,107592],{"class":138},[68,107660,79],{"class":78},[68,107662,4806],{"class":138},[68,107664,85],{"class":78},[68,107666,107667],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,107668,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,107672,129],{"class":128},[68,107674,79],{"class":78},[68,107676,49],{"class":138},[68,107678,85],{"class":78},[20,107680,180],{},[59,107682,107684],{"className":61,"code":107683,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107685,107686],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107687,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107689,9308],{"class":78},[68,107691,2129],{"class":160},[68,107693,472],{"class":78},[68,107695,480],{"class":160},[68,107697,9338],{"class":78},[20,107699,107700,107701,107703],{},"Choose ",[15,107702,102807],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[93,107705,4563],{"id":4562},[20,107707,1753,107708,503],{},[15,107709,102807],{},[33,107711,107712,107715,107718,107721],{},[36,107713,107714],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,107716,107717],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,107719,107720],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,107722,107723,107724],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107725,102807],{},[20,107727,107728],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,107730,107731,107736,107739,107752],{},[36,107732,633,107733,107735],{},[15,107734,102807],{}," when order matters",[36,107737,107738],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,107740,37237,107741,8739,107743,384,107748],{},[15,107742,102807],{},[49,107744,107746],{"href":107745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107747,102815],{},[49,107749,107750],{"href":102856},[15,107751,100430],{},[36,107753,107754],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107756,30170],{},[59,107758,107760],{"className":61,"code":107759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107761,107762,107772,107786,107804],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107763,107764,107766,107768,107770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107765,129],{"class":128},[68,107767,79],{"class":78},[68,107769,15698],{"class":138},[68,107771,85],{"class":78},[68,107773,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107775,129],{"class":128},[68,107777,79],{"class":78},[68,107779,75],{"class":74},[68,107781,79],{"class":78},[68,107783,2331],{"class":138},[68,107785,142],{"class":78},[68,107787,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107789,129],{"class":128},[68,107791,79],{"class":78},[68,107793,100601],{"class":138},[68,107795,236],{"class":78},[68,107797,106658],{"class":138},[68,107799,79],{"class":78},[68,107801,100610],{"class":138},[68,107803,142],{"class":78},[68,107805,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107807,129],{"class":128},[68,107809,79],{"class":78},[68,107811,11191],{"class":128},[68,107813,79],{"class":78},[68,107815,2331],{"class":138},[68,107817,142],{"class":78},[20,107819,326],{},[59,107821,107823],{"className":61,"code":107822,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107824,107825,107849,107869,107873,107891,107895,107905,107915,107929],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107826,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107828,3663],{"class":106},[68,107830,111],{"class":110},[68,107832,1221],{"class":78},[68,107834,469],{"class":160},[68,107836,472],{"class":78},[68,107838,475],{"class":160},[68,107840,472],{"class":78},[68,107842,475],{"class":160},[68,107844,472],{"class":78},[68,107846,480],{"class":160},[68,107848,9338],{"class":78},[68,107850,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107852,43578],{"class":106},[68,107854,111],{"class":110},[68,107856,1221],{"class":78},[68,107858,2129],{"class":160},[68,107860,472],{"class":78},[68,107862,480],{"class":160},[68,107864,472],{"class":78},[68,107866,2521],{"class":160},[68,107868,9338],{"class":78},[68,107870,107871],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107872,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107874,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107876,2297],{"class":106},[68,107878,111],{"class":110},[68,107880,4308],{"class":106},[68,107882,236],{"class":78},[68,107884,106658],{"class":138},[68,107886,79],{"class":78},[68,107888,30777],{"class":138},[68,107890,85],{"class":78},[68,107892,107893],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,107894,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,107896,107897,107899,107901,107903],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,107898,129],{"class":128},[68,107900,79],{"class":78},[68,107902,3693],{"class":138},[68,107904,85],{"class":78},[68,107906,107907,107909,107911,107913],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,107908,129],{"class":128},[68,107910,79],{"class":78},[68,107912,2331],{"class":138},[68,107914,85],{"class":78},[68,107916,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,107918,129],{"class":128},[68,107920,79],{"class":78},[68,107922,75],{"class":74},[68,107924,79],{"class":78},[68,107926,2331],{"class":138},[68,107928,142],{"class":78},[68,107930,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,107932,129],{"class":128},[68,107934,79],{"class":78},[68,107936,11191],{"class":128},[68,107938,79],{"class":78},[68,107940,2331],{"class":138},[68,107942,142],{"class":78},[20,107944,180],{},[59,107946,107948],{"className":61,"code":107947,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107949,107950,107966,107978,107992],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,107951,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,107953,9308],{"class":78},[68,107955,469],{"class":160},[68,107957,472],{"class":78},[68,107959,475],{"class":160},[68,107961,472],{"class":78},[68,107963,480],{"class":160},[68,107965,9338],{"class":78},[68,107967,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,107969,9308],{"class":78},[68,107971,2129],{"class":160},[68,107973,472],{"class":78},[68,107975,480],{"class":160},[68,107977,9338],{"class":78},[68,107979,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,107981,190],{"class":110},[68,107983,194],{"class":193},[68,107985,197],{"class":114},[68,107987,6328],{"class":118},[68,107989,203],{"class":114},[68,107991,206],{"class":110},[68,107993,107994],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,107995,17089],{"class":160},[20,107997,107998,107999,108001],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108000,2129],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[93,108003,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,108005,12736,108007,102755],{"id":108006},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108008,102807],{},[20,108010,102758],{},[1470,108012,1939,108014,108016],{"id":108013},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108015,102807],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108018,108019],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1470,108021,108023],{"id":108022},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108025,108026],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1470,108028,108030],{"id":108029},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108032,108033],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[59,108035,108036],{"className":61,"code":97474,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,108037,108038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108039,108040,108042],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108041,6328],{"class":74},[68,108043,8677],{"class":78},[93,108045,1952],{"id":1951},[33,108047,108048,108052,108059,108065],{},[36,108049,108050],{},[49,108051,96344],{"href":96343},[36,108053,108054],{},[49,108055,13,108056,10770],{"href":107745},[15,108057,108058],{},"set.union()",[36,108060,108061],{},[49,108062,13,108063,10770],{"href":102856},[15,108064,100435],{},[36,108066,108067],{},[49,108068,100360],{"href":105358},[1995,108070,108071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":108073},[108074,108076,108077,108078,108079,108081,108086,108087,108095],{"id":106687,"depth":125,"text":108075},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":107195,"depth":125,"text":108080},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107446,"depth":125,"text":108082,"children":108083},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108084,108085],{"id":106658,"depth":145,"text":102807},{"id":107592,"depth":145,"text":107451},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":108088},[108089,108091,108093,108094],{"id":108006,"depth":145,"text":108090},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108013,"depth":145,"text":108092},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108022,"depth":145,"text":108023},{"id":108029,"depth":145,"text":108030},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106580,"description":108096},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108103,"title":108104,"body":108105,"description":109341,"extension":2033,"meta":109342,"navigation":148,"path":109343,"seo":109344,"stem":109345,"__hash__":109346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108106,"toc":109308},[108107,108112,108118,108127,108129,108204,108209,108224,108234,108239,108243,108256,108260,108262,108277,108279,108295,108297,108372,108376,108379,108381,108398,108403,108458,108463,108475,108479,108482,108583,108585,108626,108629,108633,108640,108642,108667,108670,108688,108695,108701,108704,108786,108793,108796,108876,108885,108888,108893,108897,108911,108960,108965,108969,108980,109029,109040,109045,109049,109061,109110,109121,109123,109127,109150,109152,109209,109211,109225,109227,109233,109239,109245,109254,109258,109265,109269,109277,109279,109305],[10,108108,96216,108110,11352],{"id":108109},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108111,12795],{},[20,108113,108114,108117],{},[15,108115,108116],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108119,108120,108121,108123,108124,108126],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1301,108122,1303],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108125,12795],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[93,108128,2075],{"id":2074},[59,108130,108132],{"className":61,"code":108131,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108133,108134,108166,108180,108184,108194],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108135,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108137,7817],{"class":106},[68,108139,111],{"class":110},[68,108141,1221],{"class":78},[68,108143,344],{"class":114},[68,108145,4123],{"class":118},[68,108147,344],{"class":114},[68,108149,472],{"class":78},[68,108151,115],{"class":114},[68,108153,4132],{"class":118},[68,108155,344],{"class":114},[68,108157,472],{"class":78},[68,108159,115],{"class":114},[68,108161,4141],{"class":118},[68,108163,344],{"class":114},[68,108165,9338],{"class":78},[68,108167,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108169,69948],{"class":106},[68,108171,111],{"class":110},[68,108173,6006],{"class":106},[68,108175,236],{"class":78},[68,108177,26275],{"class":138},[68,108179,8677],{"class":78},[68,108181,108182],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108183,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108185,108186,108188,108190,108192],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,108187,129],{"class":128},[68,108189,79],{"class":78},[68,108191,69971],{"class":138},[68,108193,85],{"class":78},[68,108195,108196,108198,108200,108202],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,108197,129],{"class":128},[68,108199,79],{"class":78},[68,108201,7848],{"class":138},[68,108203,85],{"class":78},[20,108205,108206],{},[1301,108207,108208],{},"What this does:",[33,108210,108211,108216,108221],{},[36,108212,108213,108214],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108215,7848],{},[36,108217,108218,108219],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108220,69971],{},[36,108222,108223],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108225,108226,88976,108228,108230,108231,108233],{},[1301,108227,83834],{},[15,108229,108116],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1301,108232,1303],{}," chosen by index.",[93,108235,3722,108237,3725],{"id":108236},"what-setpop-does",[15,108238,108116],{},[20,108240,108241,503],{},[15,108242,108116],{},[33,108244,108245,108247,108250,108253],{},[36,108246,103058],{},[36,108248,108249],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,108251,108252],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,108254,108255],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108257,96340,108258,236],{},[49,108259,96344],{"href":97515},[93,108261,303],{"id":302},[59,108263,108265],{"className":61,"code":108264,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108266,108267],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108268,108269,108271,108273,108275],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108270,15698],{"class":106},[68,108272,236],{"class":78},[68,108274,26275],{"class":138},[68,108276,8677],{"class":78},[20,108278,13084],{},[33,108280,108281,108287,108292],{},[36,108282,108283,108284],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108285,108286],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,108288,108289,108290],{},"It takes ",[1301,108291,28723],{},[36,108293,108294],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108296,326],{},[59,108298,108300],{"className":61,"code":108299,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108301,108302,108334,108348,108352,108362],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108303,108304,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326,108328,108330,108332],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108305,13108],{"class":106},[68,108307,111],{"class":110},[68,108309,1221],{"class":78},[68,108311,344],{"class":114},[68,108313,13125],{"class":118},[68,108315,344],{"class":114},[68,108317,472],{"class":78},[68,108319,115],{"class":114},[68,108321,13142],{"class":118},[68,108323,344],{"class":114},[68,108325,472],{"class":78},[68,108327,115],{"class":114},[68,108329,17488],{"class":118},[68,108331,344],{"class":114},[68,108333,9338],{"class":78},[68,108335,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108337,28573],{"class":106},[68,108339,111],{"class":110},[68,108341,13156],{"class":106},[68,108343,236],{"class":78},[68,108345,26275],{"class":138},[68,108347,8677],{"class":78},[68,108349,108350],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108351,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108353,108354,108356,108358,108360],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,108355,129],{"class":128},[68,108357,79],{"class":78},[68,108359,23346],{"class":138},[68,108361,85],{"class":78},[68,108363,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,108365,129],{"class":128},[68,108367,79],{"class":78},[68,108369,17535],{"class":138},[68,108371,85],{"class":78},[93,108373,108375],{"id":108374},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108377,108378],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108380,2179],{},[33,108382,108383,108389,108392],{},[36,108384,108385,108386,108388],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108387,12795],{}," removes",[36,108390,108391],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,108393,108394,108395,108397],{},"You should not use ",[15,108396,12795],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108399,10491,108400,108402],{},[1301,108401,1303],{}," valid:",[59,108404,108406],{"className":61,"code":108405,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108407,108408,108440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108409,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108411,36271],{"class":106},[68,108413,111],{"class":110},[68,108415,1221],{"class":78},[68,108417,344],{"class":114},[68,108419,4123],{"class":118},[68,108421,344],{"class":114},[68,108423,472],{"class":78},[68,108425,115],{"class":114},[68,108427,4132],{"class":118},[68,108429,344],{"class":114},[68,108431,472],{"class":78},[68,108433,115],{"class":114},[68,108435,4141],{"class":118},[68,108437,344],{"class":114},[68,108439,9338],{"class":78},[68,108441,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108443,36323],{"class":106},[68,108445,236],{"class":78},[68,108447,26275],{"class":138},[68,108449,79],{"class":78},[68,108451,344],{"class":114},[68,108453,4123],{"class":118},[68,108455,344],{"class":114},[68,108457,85],{"class":78},[20,108459,39688,108460,108462],{},[15,108461,108116],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108464,108465,108466,384,108470,236],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[49,108467,108468],{"href":98225},[15,108469,102884],{},[49,108471,108473],{"href":108472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108474,102875],{},[93,108476,108478],{"id":108477},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108480,108481],{},"Here is a simple example:",[59,108483,108485],{"className":61,"code":108484,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108486,108487,108521,108525,108541,108545,108564],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108488,108489,108492,108494,108496,108498,108500,108502,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108517,108519],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108490,108491],{"class":106},"animals ",[68,108493,111],{"class":110},[68,108495,1221],{"class":78},[68,108497,344],{"class":114},[68,108499,37080],{"class":118},[68,108501,344],{"class":114},[68,108503,472],{"class":78},[68,108505,115],{"class":114},[68,108507,58143],{"class":118},[68,108509,344],{"class":114},[68,108511,472],{"class":78},[68,108513,115],{"class":114},[68,108515,108516],{"class":118},"rabbit",[68,108518,344],{"class":114},[68,108520,9338],{"class":78},[68,108522,108523],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108524,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108526,108527,108530,108532,108535,108537,108539],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108528,108529],{"class":106},"removed_animal ",[68,108531,111],{"class":110},[68,108533,108534],{"class":106}," animals",[68,108536,236],{"class":78},[68,108538,26275],{"class":138},[68,108540,8677],{"class":78},[68,108542,108543],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,108544,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108546,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559,108562],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,108548,129],{"class":128},[68,108550,79],{"class":78},[68,108552,344],{"class":114},[68,108554,28991],{"class":118},[68,108556,344],{"class":114},[68,108558,472],{"class":78},[68,108560,108561],{"class":138}," removed_animal",[68,108563,85],{"class":78},[68,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108575,108577,108579,108581],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,108567,129],{"class":128},[68,108569,79],{"class":78},[68,108571,344],{"class":114},[68,108573,108574],{"class":118},"Updated set:",[68,108576,344],{"class":114},[68,108578,472],{"class":78},[68,108580,108534],{"class":138},[68,108582,85],{"class":78},[20,108584,30064],{},[59,108586,108588],{"className":61,"code":108587,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108589,108590,108599],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108591,108592,108594,108596],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108593,29033],{"class":106},[68,108595,503],{"class":78},[68,108597,108598],{"class":106}," dog\n",[68,108600,108601,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622,108624],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108602,108603],{"class":106},"Updated ",[68,108605,6328],{"class":74},[68,108607,503],{"class":78},[68,108609,1221],{"class":78},[68,108611,203],{"class":114},[68,108613,37080],{"class":118},[68,108615,203],{"class":114},[68,108617,472],{"class":78},[68,108619,197],{"class":114},[68,108621,108516],{"class":118},[68,108623,203],{"class":114},[68,108625,9338],{"class":78},[20,108627,108628],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[93,108630,108632],{"id":108631},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108634,29684,108635,108637,108638,236],{},[15,108636,12795],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108639,19721],{},[20,108641,326],{},[59,108643,108645],{"className":61,"code":108644,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108646,108647,108657],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108648,108649,108651,108653,108655],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108650,7817],{"class":106},[68,108652,111],{"class":110},[68,108654,15665],{"class":74},[68,108656,8677],{"class":78},[68,108658,108659,108661,108663,108665],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108660,7848],{"class":106},[68,108662,236],{"class":78},[68,108664,26275],{"class":138},[68,108666,8677],{"class":78},[20,108668,108669],{},"This raises:",[59,108671,108673],{"className":61,"code":108672,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108674,108675],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108676,108677,108679,108681,108683,108686],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108678,19721],{"class":74},[68,108680,503],{"class":78},[68,108682,197],{"class":114},[68,108684,108685],{"class":118},"pop from an empty set",[68,108687,29734],{"class":114},[20,108689,108690,108691,108694],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[49,108692,108693],{"href":11104},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1470,108696,108698,108699],{"id":108697},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108700,12795],{},[20,108702,108703],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[59,108705,108707],{"className":61,"code":108706,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108708,108709,108719,108723,108731,108746,108765,108771],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108710,108711,108713,108715,108717],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108712,7817],{"class":106},[68,108714,111],{"class":110},[68,108716,15665],{"class":74},[68,108718,8677],{"class":78},[68,108720,108721],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108722,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108724,108725,108727,108729],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108726,1099],{"class":1098},[68,108728,6006],{"class":106},[68,108730,1648],{"class":78},[68,108732,108733,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,108734,108735],{"class":106},"    removed ",[68,108737,111],{"class":110},[68,108739,6006],{"class":106},[68,108741,236],{"class":78},[68,108743,26275],{"class":138},[68,108745,8677],{"class":78},[68,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760,108763],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,108749,1118],{"class":128},[68,108751,79],{"class":78},[68,108753,344],{"class":114},[68,108755,28991],{"class":118},[68,108757,344],{"class":114},[68,108759,472],{"class":78},[68,108761,108762],{"class":138}," removed",[68,108764,85],{"class":78},[68,108766,108767,108769],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,108768,27468],{"class":1098},[68,108770,1648],{"class":78},[68,108772,108773,108775,108777,108779,108782,108784],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,108774,1118],{"class":128},[68,108776,79],{"class":78},[68,108778,344],{"class":114},[68,108780,108781],{"class":118},"The set is empty.",[68,108783,344],{"class":114},[68,108785,85],{"class":78},[1470,108787,224,108789,232,108791],{"id":108788},"use-try-and-except",[15,108790,29838],{},[15,108792,29869],{},[20,108794,108795],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[59,108797,108799],{"className":61,"code":108798,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108800,108801,108811,108815,108821,108835,108853,108861],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108802,108803,108805,108807,108809],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108804,7817],{"class":106},[68,108806,111],{"class":110},[68,108808,15665],{"class":74},[68,108810,8677],{"class":78},[68,108812,108813],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108814,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,108816,108817,108819],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108818,29838],{"class":1098},[68,108820,1648],{"class":78},[68,108822,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,108824,108735],{"class":106},[68,108826,111],{"class":110},[68,108828,6006],{"class":106},[68,108830,236],{"class":78},[68,108832,26275],{"class":138},[68,108834,8677],{"class":78},[68,108836,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,108838,1118],{"class":128},[68,108840,79],{"class":78},[68,108842,344],{"class":114},[68,108844,28991],{"class":118},[68,108846,344],{"class":114},[68,108848,472],{"class":78},[68,108850,108762],{"class":138},[68,108852,85],{"class":78},[68,108854,108855,108857,108859],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,108856,29869],{"class":1098},[68,108858,29872],{"class":74},[68,108860,1648],{"class":78},[68,108862,108863,108865,108867,108869,108872,108874],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,108864,1118],{"class":128},[68,108866,79],{"class":78},[68,108868,344],{"class":114},[68,108870,108871],{"class":118},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[68,108873,344],{"class":114},[68,108875,85],{"class":78},[93,108877,1311,108879,969,108881,969,108883],{"id":108878},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108880,12795],{},[15,108882,55545],{},[15,108884,102870],{},[20,108886,108887],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1470,108889,224,108891],{"id":108890},"use-pop",[15,108892,12795],{},[20,108894,224,108895,10630],{},[15,108896,12795],{},[33,108898,108899,108905,108908],{},[36,108900,108901,108902],{},"You want to remove ",[1301,108903,108904],{},"any one item",[36,108906,108907],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,108909,108910],{},"You want the removed item returned",[59,108912,108914],{"className":61,"code":108913,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108915,108916,108936,108950],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108917,108918,108920,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108919,3663],{"class":106},[68,108921,111],{"class":110},[68,108923,1221],{"class":78},[68,108925,469],{"class":160},[68,108927,472],{"class":78},[68,108929,475],{"class":160},[68,108931,472],{"class":78},[68,108933,480],{"class":160},[68,108935,9338],{"class":78},[68,108937,108938,108940,108942,108944,108946,108948],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,108939,652],{"class":106},[68,108941,111],{"class":110},[68,108943,4308],{"class":106},[68,108945,236],{"class":78},[68,108947,26275],{"class":138},[68,108949,8677],{"class":78},[68,108951,108952,108954,108956,108958],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,108953,129],{"class":128},[68,108955,79],{"class":78},[68,108957,665],{"class":138},[68,108959,85],{"class":78},[1470,108961,224,108963],{"id":108962},"use-remove",[15,108964,55545],{},[20,108966,224,108967,10630],{},[15,108968,55545],{},[33,108970,108971,108977],{},[36,108972,108973,108974],{},"You want to delete a ",[1301,108975,108976],{},"specific item",[36,108978,108979],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[59,108981,108983],{"className":61,"code":108982,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108984,108985,109005,109019],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,108986,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,108988,3663],{"class":106},[68,108990,111],{"class":110},[68,108992,1221],{"class":78},[68,108994,469],{"class":160},[68,108996,472],{"class":78},[68,108998,475],{"class":160},[68,109000,472],{"class":78},[68,109002,480],{"class":160},[68,109004,9338],{"class":78},[68,109006,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109008,3693],{"class":106},[68,109010,236],{"class":78},[68,109012,34826],{"class":138},[68,109014,79],{"class":78},[68,109016,2129],{"class":160},[68,109018,85],{"class":78},[68,109020,109021,109023,109025,109027],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109022,129],{"class":128},[68,109024,79],{"class":78},[68,109026,3693],{"class":138},[68,109028,85],{"class":78},[20,109030,109031,109032,109034,109035,109039],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109033,55545],{}," raises an error. See the ",[49,109036,109037,10770],{"href":98225},[15,109038,102884],{}," for details.",[1470,109041,224,109043],{"id":109042},"use-discard",[15,109044,102870],{},[20,109046,224,109047,10630],{},[15,109048,102870],{},[33,109050,109051,109055],{},[36,109052,108973,109053],{},[1301,109054,108976],{},[36,109056,109057,109058,109060],{},"You do ",[1301,109059,1303],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[59,109062,109064],{"className":61,"code":109063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109065,109066,109086,109100],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109067,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109069,3663],{"class":106},[68,109071,111],{"class":110},[68,109073,1221],{"class":78},[68,109075,469],{"class":160},[68,109077,472],{"class":78},[68,109079,475],{"class":160},[68,109081,472],{"class":78},[68,109083,480],{"class":160},[68,109085,9338],{"class":78},[68,109087,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109089,3693],{"class":106},[68,109091,236],{"class":78},[68,109093,102937],{"class":138},[68,109095,79],{"class":78},[68,109097,1497],{"class":160},[68,109099,85],{"class":78},[68,109101,109102,109104,109106,109108],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109103,129],{"class":128},[68,109105,79],{"class":78},[68,109107,3693],{"class":138},[68,109109,85],{"class":78},[20,109111,109112,109113,109115,109116,109120],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109114,1497],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[49,109117,109118,10770],{"href":108472},[15,109119,102875],{}," for more examples.",[93,109122,1750],{"id":1749},[20,109124,71494,109125,503],{},[15,109126,108116],{},[33,109128,109129,109135,109140,109145],{},[36,109130,109131,109132],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109133,109134],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,109136,1770,109137,109139],{},[15,109138,12795],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,109141,29684,109142,109144],{},[15,109143,12795],{}," on an empty set",[36,109146,633,109147,109149],{},[15,109148,12795],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109151,62312],{},[59,109153,109155],{"className":61,"code":109154,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109156,109157,109167,109181,109195],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109158,109159,109161,109163,109165],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109160,129],{"class":128},[68,109162,79],{"class":78},[68,109164,15698],{"class":138},[68,109166,85],{"class":78},[68,109168,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109170,129],{"class":128},[68,109172,79],{"class":78},[68,109174,11191],{"class":128},[68,109176,79],{"class":78},[68,109178,15698],{"class":138},[68,109180,142],{"class":78},[68,109182,109183,109185,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109184,129],{"class":128},[68,109186,79],{"class":78},[68,109188,75],{"class":74},[68,109190,79],{"class":78},[68,109192,15698],{"class":138},[68,109194,142],{"class":78},[68,109196,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,109198,28573],{"class":106},[68,109200,111],{"class":110},[68,109202,96940],{"class":106},[68,109204,236],{"class":78},[68,109206,26275],{"class":138},[68,109208,8677],{"class":78},[20,109210,26042],{},[33,109212,109213,109216,109219,109222],{},[36,109214,109215],{},"What values are in the set",[36,109217,109218],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,109220,109221],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,109223,109224],{},"What value was actually removed",[93,109226,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,109228,12736,109230,109232],{"id":109229},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109231,108116],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109234,109235,109236,109238],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109237,12795],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1470,109240,109242,109243,1906],{"id":109241},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109244,108116],{},[20,109246,109247,109248,109250,109251,109253],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109249,12795],{},", set ",[15,109252,12795],{}," does not accept an index.",[1470,109255,109257],{"id":109256},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109259,71663,109260,1784,109262,109264],{},[15,109261,19721],{},[15,109263,12795],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1470,109266,109268],{"id":109267},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109270,224,109271,384,109273,1776,109275,236],{},[15,109272,55545],{},[15,109274,102870],{},[15,109276,12795],{},[93,109278,1952],{"id":1951},[33,109280,109281,109285,109291,109297,109301],{},[36,109282,109283],{},[49,109284,96344],{"href":97515},[36,109286,109287],{},[49,109288,96830,109289,10770],{"href":98225},[15,109290,55545],{},[36,109292,109293],{},[49,109294,96830,109295,10770],{"href":108472},[15,109296,102870],{},[36,109298,109299],{},[49,109300,11292],{"href":11104},[36,109302,109303],{},[49,109304,55531],{"href":55083},[1995,109306,109307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":109309},[109310,109311,109313,109314,109315,109316,109322,109331,109332,109340],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":108236,"depth":125,"text":109312},"What set.pop() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":108374,"depth":125,"text":108375},{"id":108477,"depth":125,"text":108478},{"id":108631,"depth":125,"text":108632,"children":109317},[109318,109320],{"id":108697,"depth":145,"text":109319},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108788,"depth":145,"text":109321},"Use try and except",{"id":108878,"depth":125,"text":109323,"children":109324},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109325,109327,109329],{"id":108890,"depth":145,"text":109326},"Use pop()",{"id":108962,"depth":145,"text":109328},"Use remove()",{"id":109042,"depth":145,"text":109330},"Use discard()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":109333},[109334,109336,109338,109339],{"id":109229,"depth":145,"text":109335},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109241,"depth":145,"text":109337},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109256,"depth":145,"text":109257},{"id":109267,"depth":145,"text":109268},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108104,"description":109341},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109348,"title":109349,"body":109350,"description":110504,"extension":2033,"meta":110505,"navigation":148,"path":110506,"seo":110507,"stem":110508,"__hash__":110509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109351,"toc":110472},[109352,109357,109362,109371,109373,109438,109442,109466,109473,109478,109482,109497,109500,109502,109521,109535,109538,109586,109590,109606,109608,109681,109685,109710,109716,109724,109728,109735,109790,109795,109812,109818,109824,109829,109837,109844,109848,109856,109911,109913,109930,109934,109941,110006,110010,110043,110045,110057,110064,110066,110071,110078,110080,110149,110153,110161,110163,110227,110231,110236,110283,110288,110356,110364,110371,110374,110380,110385,110389,110391,110394,110396,110401,110406,110412,110417,110424,110432,110438,110441,110443,110469],[10,109353,96216,109355,11352],{"id":109354},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109356,55545],{},[20,109358,109359,109361],{},[15,109360,102884],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109363,109364,109365,109368,109369,236],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1301,109366,109367],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109370,19721],{},[93,109372,2075],{"id":2074},[59,109374,109376],{"className":61,"code":109375,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109377,109378,109410,109428],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109379,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109381,13108],{"class":106},[68,109383,111],{"class":110},[68,109385,1221],{"class":78},[68,109387,344],{"class":114},[68,109389,13125],{"class":118},[68,109391,344],{"class":114},[68,109393,472],{"class":78},[68,109395,115],{"class":114},[68,109397,13142],{"class":118},[68,109399,344],{"class":114},[68,109401,472],{"class":78},[68,109403,115],{"class":114},[68,109405,17488],{"class":118},[68,109407,344],{"class":114},[68,109409,9338],{"class":78},[68,109411,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109413,17535],{"class":106},[68,109415,236],{"class":78},[68,109417,34826],{"class":138},[68,109419,79],{"class":78},[68,109421,344],{"class":114},[68,109423,13142],{"class":118},[68,109425,344],{"class":114},[68,109427,85],{"class":78},[68,109429,109430,109432,109434,109436],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109431,129],{"class":128},[68,109433,79],{"class":78},[68,109435,17535],{"class":138},[68,109437,85],{"class":78},[20,109439,109440],{},[1301,109441,30064],{},[59,109443,109444],{"className":61,"code":103564,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,109445,109446],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109447,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109449,9308],{"class":78},[68,109451,203],{"class":114},[68,109453,13125],{"class":118},[68,109455,203],{"class":114},[68,109457,472],{"class":78},[68,109459,197],{"class":114},[68,109461,17488],{"class":118},[68,109463,203],{"class":114},[68,109465,9338],{"class":78},[20,109467,224,109468,109470,109471,236],{},[15,109469,55545],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109472,19721],{},[93,109474,3722,109476,3725],{"id":109475},"what-setremove-does",[15,109477,102884],{},[20,109479,109480,503],{},[15,109481,102884],{},[33,109483,109484,109487,109489,109491],{},[36,109485,109486],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,109488,96331],{},[36,109490,96334],{},[36,109492,109493,109494,109496],{},"Raises ",[15,109495,19721],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109498,109499],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[93,109501,303],{"id":302},[59,109503,109505],{"className":61,"code":109504,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109506,109507],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109508,109509,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109510,15698],{"class":106},[68,109512,236],{"class":78},[68,109514,34826],{"class":138},[68,109516,79],{"class":78},[68,109518,665],{"class":138},[68,109520,85],{"class":78},[33,109522,109523,109527,109532],{},[36,109524,109525,103106],{},[15,109526,15698],{},[36,109528,109529,109531],{},[15,109530,665],{}," is the item to remove",[36,109533,109534],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109536,109537],{},"Here is a small example:",[59,109539,109540],{"className":61,"code":108982,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,109541,109542,109562,109576],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109543,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109545,3663],{"class":106},[68,109547,111],{"class":110},[68,109549,1221],{"class":78},[68,109551,469],{"class":160},[68,109553,472],{"class":78},[68,109555,475],{"class":160},[68,109557,472],{"class":78},[68,109559,480],{"class":160},[68,109561,9338],{"class":78},[68,109563,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109565,3693],{"class":106},[68,109567,236],{"class":78},[68,109569,34826],{"class":138},[68,109571,79],{"class":78},[68,109573,2129],{"class":160},[68,109575,85],{"class":78},[68,109577,109578,109580,109582,109584],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109579,129],{"class":128},[68,109581,79],{"class":78},[68,109583,3693],{"class":138},[68,109585,85],{"class":78},[20,109587,109588],{},[1301,109589,30064],{},[59,109591,109592],{"className":61,"code":101314,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,109593,109594],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109595,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109597,9308],{"class":78},[68,109599,469],{"class":160},[68,109601,472],{"class":78},[68,109603,480],{"class":160},[68,109605,9338],{"class":78},[93,109607,11506],{"id":11505},[59,109609,109611],{"className":61,"code":109610,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109612,109613,109645,109649,109667,109671],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109614,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109616,36271],{"class":106},[68,109618,111],{"class":110},[68,109620,1221],{"class":78},[68,109622,344],{"class":114},[68,109624,4123],{"class":118},[68,109626,344],{"class":114},[68,109628,472],{"class":78},[68,109630,115],{"class":114},[68,109632,4132],{"class":118},[68,109634,344],{"class":114},[68,109636,472],{"class":78},[68,109638,115],{"class":114},[68,109640,33254],{"class":118},[68,109642,344],{"class":114},[68,109644,9338],{"class":78},[68,109646,109647],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109648,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,109650,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109652,36323],{"class":106},[68,109654,236],{"class":78},[68,109656,34826],{"class":138},[68,109658,79],{"class":78},[68,109660,344],{"class":114},[68,109662,4132],{"class":118},[68,109664,344],{"class":114},[68,109666,85],{"class":78},[68,109668,109669],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,109670,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,109672,109673,109675,109677,109679],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,109674,129],{"class":128},[68,109676,79],{"class":78},[68,109678,36323],{"class":138},[68,109680,85],{"class":78},[20,109682,109683],{},[1301,109684,30064],{},[59,109686,109688],{"className":61,"code":109687,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109689,109690],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109691,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109693,9308],{"class":78},[68,109695,203],{"class":114},[68,109697,4123],{"class":118},[68,109699,203],{"class":114},[68,109701,472],{"class":78},[68,109703,197],{"class":114},[68,109705,33254],{"class":118},[68,109707,203],{"class":114},[68,109709,9338],{"class":78},[20,109711,109712,109713,109715],{},"This removes ",[15,109714,65289],{}," from the set.",[20,109717,109718,109719,109721,109722,236],{},"A set does ",[1301,109720,1303],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[49,109723,96348],{"href":97899},[93,109725,109727],{"id":109726},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109729,109730,109731,52510,109733,236],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109732,55545],{},[15,109734,19721],{},[59,109736,109738],{"className":61,"code":109737,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109739,109740,109772],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109741,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109743,13108],{"class":106},[68,109745,111],{"class":110},[68,109747,1221],{"class":78},[68,109749,344],{"class":114},[68,109751,13125],{"class":118},[68,109753,344],{"class":114},[68,109755,472],{"class":78},[68,109757,115],{"class":114},[68,109759,13142],{"class":118},[68,109761,344],{"class":114},[68,109763,472],{"class":78},[68,109765,115],{"class":114},[68,109767,17488],{"class":118},[68,109769,344],{"class":114},[68,109771,9338],{"class":78},[68,109773,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109775,17535],{"class":106},[68,109777,236],{"class":78},[68,109779,34826],{"class":138},[68,109781,79],{"class":78},[68,109783,344],{"class":114},[68,109785,22559],{"class":118},[68,109787,344],{"class":114},[68,109789,85],{"class":78},[20,109791,109792],{},[1301,109793,109794],{},"Result:",[59,109796,109798],{"className":61,"code":109797,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109799,109800],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109801,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109803,19721],{"class":74},[68,109805,503],{"class":78},[68,109807,197],{"class":114},[68,109809,22559],{"class":118},[68,109811,29734],{"class":114},[20,109813,22224,109814,109817],{},[15,109815,109816],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109819,109820,109821,109823],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109822,55545],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109825,109826,109827,236],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[49,109828,11292],{"href":11104},[93,109830,4243,109832,109834,109835],{"id":109831},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109833,55545],{}," is different from ",[15,109836,102870],{},[20,109838,109839,232,109841,109843],{},[15,109840,55545],{},[15,109842,102870],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1470,109845,109846],{"id":34826},[15,109847,55545],{},[33,109849,109850,109853],{},[36,109851,109852],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,109854,109855],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[59,109857,109859],{"className":61,"code":109858,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109860,109861,109893],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109862,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109864,36122],{"class":106},[68,109866,111],{"class":110},[68,109868,1221],{"class":78},[68,109870,344],{"class":114},[68,109872,49],{"class":118},[68,109874,344],{"class":114},[68,109876,472],{"class":78},[68,109878,115],{"class":114},[68,109880,4806],{"class":118},[68,109882,344],{"class":114},[68,109884,472],{"class":78},[68,109886,115],{"class":114},[68,109888,9769],{"class":118},[68,109890,344],{"class":114},[68,109892,9338],{"class":78},[68,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109896,36175],{"class":106},[68,109898,236],{"class":78},[68,109900,34826],{"class":138},[68,109902,79],{"class":78},[68,109904,344],{"class":114},[68,109906,18801],{"class":118},[68,109908,344],{"class":114},[68,109910,85],{"class":78},[20,109912,108669],{},[59,109914,109916],{"className":61,"code":109915,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109917,109918],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109919,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109921,19721],{"class":74},[68,109923,503],{"class":78},[68,109925,197],{"class":114},[68,109927,18801],{"class":118},[68,109929,29734],{"class":114},[1470,109931,109932],{"id":102937},[15,109933,102870],{},[33,109935,109936,109938],{},[36,109937,109852],{},[36,109939,109940],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[59,109942,109944],{"className":61,"code":109943,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109945,109946,109978,109996],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,109949,36122],{"class":106},[68,109951,111],{"class":110},[68,109953,1221],{"class":78},[68,109955,344],{"class":114},[68,109957,49],{"class":118},[68,109959,344],{"class":114},[68,109961,472],{"class":78},[68,109963,115],{"class":114},[68,109965,4806],{"class":118},[68,109967,344],{"class":114},[68,109969,472],{"class":78},[68,109971,115],{"class":114},[68,109973,9769],{"class":118},[68,109975,344],{"class":114},[68,109977,9338],{"class":78},[68,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,109981,36175],{"class":106},[68,109983,236],{"class":78},[68,109985,102937],{"class":138},[68,109987,79],{"class":78},[68,109989,344],{"class":114},[68,109991,18801],{"class":118},[68,109993,344],{"class":114},[68,109995,85],{"class":78},[68,109997,109998,110000,110002,110004],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,109999,129],{"class":128},[68,110001,79],{"class":78},[68,110003,36175],{"class":138},[68,110005,85],{"class":78},[20,110007,110008],{},[1301,110009,180],{},[59,110011,110013],{"className":61,"code":110012,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110014,110015],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110016,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110018,9308],{"class":78},[68,110020,203],{"class":114},[68,110022,49],{"class":118},[68,110024,203],{"class":114},[68,110026,472],{"class":78},[68,110028,197],{"class":114},[68,110030,4806],{"class":118},[68,110032,203],{"class":114},[68,110034,472],{"class":78},[68,110036,197],{"class":114},[68,110038,9769],{"class":118},[68,110040,203],{"class":114},[68,110042,9338],{"class":78},[20,110044,18728],{},[33,110046,110047,110052],{},[36,110048,110049,110051],{},[15,110050,55545],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,110053,110054,110056],{},[15,110055,102870],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110058,110059,110060,236],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[49,110061,96830,110062,10770],{"href":108472},[15,110063,102870],{},[93,110065,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,110067,1770,110069,97210],{"id":110068},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110070,55545],{},[20,110072,110073,110075,110076,236],{},[15,110074,55545],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110077,3824],{},[20,110079,16676],{},[59,110081,110083],{"className":61,"code":110082,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110084,110085,110117,110139],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110086,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110088,13108],{"class":106},[68,110090,111],{"class":110},[68,110092,1221],{"class":78},[68,110094,344],{"class":114},[68,110096,13125],{"class":118},[68,110098,344],{"class":114},[68,110100,472],{"class":78},[68,110102,115],{"class":114},[68,110104,13142],{"class":118},[68,110106,344],{"class":114},[68,110108,472],{"class":78},[68,110110,115],{"class":114},[68,110112,17488],{"class":118},[68,110114,344],{"class":114},[68,110116,9338],{"class":78},[68,110118,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110120,13151],{"class":106},[68,110122,111],{"class":110},[68,110124,13156],{"class":106},[68,110126,236],{"class":78},[68,110128,34826],{"class":138},[68,110130,79],{"class":78},[68,110132,344],{"class":114},[68,110134,13142],{"class":118},[68,110136,344],{"class":114},[68,110138,85],{"class":78},[68,110140,110141,110143,110145,110147],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110142,129],{"class":128},[68,110144,79],{"class":78},[68,110146,13175],{"class":138},[68,110148,85],{"class":78},[20,110150,110151],{},[1301,110152,180],{},[59,110154,110155],{"className":61,"code":11840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,110156,110157],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110158,110159],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110160,11840],{"class":526},[20,110162,16688],{},[59,110164,110165],{"className":61,"code":109375,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,110166,110167,110199,110217],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110168,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110170,13108],{"class":106},[68,110172,111],{"class":110},[68,110174,1221],{"class":78},[68,110176,344],{"class":114},[68,110178,13125],{"class":118},[68,110180,344],{"class":114},[68,110182,472],{"class":78},[68,110184,115],{"class":114},[68,110186,13142],{"class":118},[68,110188,344],{"class":114},[68,110190,472],{"class":78},[68,110192,115],{"class":114},[68,110194,17488],{"class":118},[68,110196,344],{"class":114},[68,110198,9338],{"class":78},[68,110200,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110202,17535],{"class":106},[68,110204,236],{"class":78},[68,110206,34826],{"class":138},[68,110208,79],{"class":78},[68,110210,344],{"class":114},[68,110212,13142],{"class":118},[68,110214,344],{"class":114},[68,110216,85],{"class":78},[68,110218,110219,110221,110223,110225],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110220,129],{"class":128},[68,110222,79],{"class":78},[68,110224,17535],{"class":138},[68,110226,85],{"class":78},[1470,110228,110230],{"id":110229},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110232,110233,110234,236],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110235,19721],{},[59,110237,110239],{"className":61,"code":110238,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110240,110241,110265],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110242,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110244,13108],{"class":106},[68,110246,111],{"class":110},[68,110248,1221],{"class":78},[68,110250,344],{"class":114},[68,110252,13125],{"class":118},[68,110254,344],{"class":114},[68,110256,472],{"class":78},[68,110258,115],{"class":114},[68,110260,13142],{"class":118},[68,110262,344],{"class":114},[68,110264,9338],{"class":78},[68,110266,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110268,17535],{"class":106},[68,110270,236],{"class":78},[68,110272,34826],{"class":138},[68,110274,79],{"class":78},[68,110276,344],{"class":114},[68,110278,17488],{"class":118},[68,110280,344],{"class":114},[68,110282,85],{"class":78},[20,110284,110285,110286,503],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110287,3927],{},[59,110289,110291],{"className":61,"code":110290,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110292,110293,110317,110321,110337],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110294,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110296,13108],{"class":106},[68,110298,111],{"class":110},[68,110300,1221],{"class":78},[68,110302,344],{"class":114},[68,110304,13125],{"class":118},[68,110306,344],{"class":114},[68,110308,472],{"class":78},[68,110310,115],{"class":114},[68,110312,13142],{"class":118},[68,110314,344],{"class":114},[68,110316,9338],{"class":78},[68,110318,110319],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110320,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,110322,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110324,1099],{"class":1098},[68,110326,115],{"class":114},[68,110328,17488],{"class":118},[68,110330,344],{"class":114},[68,110332,21208],{"class":110},[68,110334,13156],{"class":106},[68,110336,1648],{"class":78},[68,110338,110339,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,110340,110341],{"class":106},"    colors",[68,110343,236],{"class":78},[68,110345,34826],{"class":138},[68,110347,79],{"class":78},[68,110349,344],{"class":114},[68,110351,17488],{"class":118},[68,110353,344],{"class":114},[68,110355,85],{"class":78},[20,110357,110358,110359,110363],{},"Or use ",[49,110360,110361],{"href":108472},[15,110362,102870],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1470,110365,37237,110367,8739,110369],{"id":110366},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110368,102884],{},[15,110370,55091],{},[20,110372,110373],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110375,110376,110377,110379],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110378,102884],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110381,110382,110383,236],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[49,110384,99094],{"href":99093},[1470,110386,110388],{"id":110387},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110390,108378],{},[20,110392,110393],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[93,110395,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,110397,12736,110399,97309],{"id":110398},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110400,102884],{},[20,110402,110403,110404,236],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110405,3824],{},[1470,110407,30322,110409,110411],{"id":110408},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110410,102884],{}," raise?",[20,110413,30328,110414,110416],{},[15,110415,19721],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1470,110418,21455,110420,384,110422,1906],{"id":110419},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110421,55545],{},[15,110423,102870],{},[20,110425,224,110426,110428,110429,110431],{},[15,110427,55545],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110430,102870],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1470,110433,1939,110435,110437],{"id":110434},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110436,102884],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110439,110440],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[93,110442,1952],{"id":1951},[33,110444,110445,110451,110457,110461,110465],{},[36,110446,110447],{},[49,110448,96830,110449,10770],{"href":108472},[15,110450,102870],{},[36,110452,110453],{},[49,110454,96830,110455,10770],{"href":98230},[15,110456,12795],{},[36,110458,110459],{},[49,110460,97354],{"href":97899},[36,110462,110463],{},[49,110464,100360],{"href":99093},[36,110466,110467],{},[49,110468,11292],{"href":11104},[1995,110470,110471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":110473},[110474,110475,110477,110478,110479,110480,110485,110493,110503],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":109475,"depth":125,"text":110476},"What set.remove() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":109726,"depth":125,"text":109727},{"id":109831,"depth":125,"text":110481,"children":110482},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110483,110484],{"id":34826,"depth":145,"text":55545},{"id":102937,"depth":145,"text":102870},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":110486},[110487,110489,110490,110492],{"id":110068,"depth":145,"text":110488},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110229,"depth":145,"text":110230},{"id":110366,"depth":145,"text":110491},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110387,"depth":145,"text":110388},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":110494},[110495,110497,110499,110501],{"id":110398,"depth":145,"text":110496},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110408,"depth":145,"text":110498},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110419,"depth":145,"text":110500},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110434,"depth":145,"text":110502},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109349,"description":110504},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110511,"title":110512,"body":110513,"description":111886,"extension":2033,"meta":111887,"navigation":148,"path":111888,"seo":111889,"stem":111890,"__hash__":111891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110514,"toc":111861},[110515,110521,110527,110530,110533,110547,110549,110630,110633,110638,110642,110656,110663,110665,110684,110687,110705,110707,110787,110789,110814,110818,110821,110829,110834,110839,110841,110854,110859,110862,110886,110889,110897,110899,110902,110999,111001,111034,111036,111062,111069,111072,111076,111084,111088,111096,111098,111188,111190,111204,111211,111216,111221,111223,111314,111316,111328,111330,111344,111350,111358,111360,111442,111444,111489,111492,111500,111503,111505,111509,111552,111554,111574,111579,111581,111666,111668,111673,111675,111682,111690,111696,111699,111701,111787,111789,111813,111817,111820,111822,111849,111859],[10,110516,96216,110518,11352],{"id":110517},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110519,110520],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110522,110523,110526],{},[15,110524,110525],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110528,110529],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110531,110532],{},"Use it when:",[33,110534,110535,110538,110544],{},[36,110536,110537],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,110539,110540,110541,110543],{},"you do ",[1301,110542,1303],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[36,110545,110546],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[93,110548,96],{"id":95},[59,110550,110552],{"className":61,"code":110551,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110553,110554,110574,110594,110598,110617],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110555,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110557,2618],{"class":106},[68,110559,111],{"class":110},[68,110561,1221],{"class":78},[68,110563,469],{"class":160},[68,110565,472],{"class":78},[68,110567,475],{"class":160},[68,110569,472],{"class":78},[68,110571,480],{"class":160},[68,110573,9338],{"class":78},[68,110575,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110577,2646],{"class":106},[68,110579,111],{"class":110},[68,110581,1221],{"class":78},[68,110583,2135],{"class":160},[68,110585,472],{"class":78},[68,110587,2521],{"class":160},[68,110589,472],{"class":78},[68,110591,4650],{"class":160},[68,110593,9338],{"class":78},[68,110595,110596],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110597,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,110599,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110611,110613,110615],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,110601,2297],{"class":106},[68,110603,111],{"class":110},[68,110605,56904],{"class":106},[68,110607,236],{"class":78},[68,110609,110610],{"class":138},"symmetric_difference",[68,110612,79],{"class":78},[68,110614,4806],{"class":138},[68,110616,85],{"class":78},[68,110618,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,110620,129],{"class":128},[68,110622,79],{"class":78},[68,110624,2331],{"class":138},[68,110626,1701],{"class":78},[68,110628,110629],{"class":3708},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110631,110632],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[93,110634,3722,110636,3725],{"id":110635},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110637,110520],{},[20,110639,110640,503],{},[15,110641,110525],{},[33,110643,110644,110647,110650,110653],{},[36,110645,110646],{},"returns a new set",[36,110648,110649],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,110651,110652],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,110654,110655],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110657,96340,110658,384,110660,236],{},[49,110659,96344],{"href":96343},[49,110661,110662],{"href":96347},"creating a set in Python",[93,110664,303],{"id":302},[59,110666,110668],{"className":61,"code":110667,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110669,110670],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110671,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110673,100601],{"class":106},[68,110675,236],{"class":78},[68,110677,110610],{"class":138},[68,110679,79],{"class":78},[68,110681,100610],{"class":138},[68,110683,85],{"class":78},[20,110685,110686],{},"Notes:",[33,110688,110689,110694,110699,110702],{},[36,110690,110691,110693],{},[15,110692,100601],{}," must be a set",[36,110695,110696,110698],{},[15,110697,100610],{}," can be any iterable",[36,110700,110701],{},"the result is always a set",[36,110703,110704],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110706,326],{},[59,110708,110710],{"className":61,"code":110709,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110711,110712,110733,110754,110758,110777],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110713,110714,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110715,110716],{"class":106},"set1 ",[68,110718,111],{"class":110},[68,110720,1221],{"class":78},[68,110722,469],{"class":160},[68,110724,472],{"class":78},[68,110726,475],{"class":160},[68,110728,472],{"class":78},[68,110730,480],{"class":160},[68,110732,9338],{"class":78},[68,110734,110735,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110736,110737],{"class":106},"set2 ",[68,110739,111],{"class":110},[68,110741,1221],{"class":78},[68,110743,2135],{"class":160},[68,110745,472],{"class":78},[68,110747,2521],{"class":160},[68,110749,472],{"class":78},[68,110751,4650],{"class":160},[68,110753,9338],{"class":78},[68,110755,110756],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110757,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,110759,110760,110762,110764,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,110761,2297],{"class":106},[68,110763,111],{"class":110},[68,110765,110766],{"class":106}," set1",[68,110768,236],{"class":78},[68,110770,110610],{"class":138},[68,110772,79],{"class":78},[68,110774,100610],{"class":138},[68,110776,85],{"class":78},[68,110778,110779,110781,110783,110785],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,110780,129],{"class":128},[68,110782,79],{"class":78},[68,110784,2331],{"class":138},[68,110786,85],{"class":78},[20,110788,180],{},[59,110790,110792],{"className":61,"code":110791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110793,110794],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110795,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110797,9308],{"class":78},[68,110799,469],{"class":160},[68,110801,472],{"class":78},[68,110803,475],{"class":160},[68,110805,472],{"class":78},[68,110807,2521],{"class":160},[68,110809,472],{"class":78},[68,110811,4650],{"class":160},[68,110813,9338],{"class":78},[93,110815,110817],{"id":110816},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110819,110820],{},"The result includes:",[33,110822,110823,110826],{},[36,110824,110825],{},"items only in the first set",[36,110827,110828],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110830,110831,110832,11113],{},"The result does ",[1301,110833,1303],{},[33,110835,110836],{},[36,110837,110838],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110840,1335],{},[33,110842,110843,110848],{},[36,110844,110845,110846],{},"first set: ",[15,110847,100298],{},[36,110849,110850,110851],{},"second set: ",[15,110852,110853],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110855,4093,110856,110858],{},[15,110857,2135],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110860,110861],{},"The output is:",[59,110863,110864],{"className":61,"code":110791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,110865,110866],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110867,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110869,9308],{"class":78},[68,110871,469],{"class":160},[68,110873,472],{"class":78},[68,110875,475],{"class":160},[68,110877,472],{"class":78},[68,110879,2521],{"class":160},[68,110881,472],{"class":78},[68,110883,4650],{"class":160},[68,110885,9338],{"class":78},[20,110887,110888],{},"Also remember:",[33,110890,110891,110894],{},[36,110892,110893],{},"sets are unordered",[36,110895,110896],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[93,110898,11506],{"id":11505},[20,110900,110901],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[59,110903,110905],{"className":61,"code":110904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110906,110907,110939,110963,110967,110985,110989],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,110908,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,110910,107040],{"class":106},[68,110912,111],{"class":110},[68,110914,1221],{"class":78},[68,110916,344],{"class":114},[68,110918,13125],{"class":118},[68,110920,344],{"class":114},[68,110922,472],{"class":78},[68,110924,115],{"class":114},[68,110926,13142],{"class":118},[68,110928,344],{"class":114},[68,110930,472],{"class":78},[68,110932,115],{"class":114},[68,110934,17488],{"class":118},[68,110936,344],{"class":114},[68,110938,9338],{"class":78},[68,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,110942,107073],{"class":106},[68,110944,111],{"class":110},[68,110946,1221],{"class":78},[68,110948,344],{"class":114},[68,110950,17488],{"class":118},[68,110952,344],{"class":114},[68,110954,472],{"class":78},[68,110956,115],{"class":114},[68,110958,22559],{"class":118},[68,110960,344],{"class":114},[68,110962,9338],{"class":78},[68,110964,110965],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,110966,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,110968,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,110970,2297],{"class":106},[68,110972,111],{"class":110},[68,110974,107115],{"class":106},[68,110976,236],{"class":78},[68,110978,110610],{"class":138},[68,110980,79],{"class":78},[68,110982,107124],{"class":138},[68,110984,85],{"class":78},[68,110986,110987],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,110988,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,110990,110991,110993,110995,110997],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,110992,129],{"class":128},[68,110994,79],{"class":78},[68,110996,2331],{"class":138},[68,110998,85],{"class":78},[20,111000,180],{},[59,111002,111004],{"className":61,"code":111003,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111005,111006],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111007,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111009,9308],{"class":78},[68,111011,203],{"class":114},[68,111013,13125],{"class":118},[68,111015,203],{"class":114},[68,111017,472],{"class":78},[68,111019,197],{"class":114},[68,111021,13142],{"class":118},[68,111023,203],{"class":114},[68,111025,472],{"class":78},[68,111027,197],{"class":114},[68,111029,22559],{"class":118},[68,111031,203],{"class":114},[68,111033,9338],{"class":78},[20,111035,13441],{},[33,111037,111038,111043,111054],{},[36,111039,111040,111042],{},[15,111041,96509],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,111044,111045,232,111047,111050,111051,111053],{},[15,111046,65407],{},[15,111048,111049],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111052,107177],{},", so they stay",[36,111055,111056,111058,111059,111061],{},[15,111057,109816],{}," is only in ",[15,111060,107124],{},", so it stays",[93,111063,111065,969,111067],{"id":111064},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111066,110520],{},[15,111068,100430],{},[20,111070,111071],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111073,111074,503],{},[15,111075,100430],{},[33,111077,111078,111081],{},[36,111079,111080],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,111082,111083],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111085,111086,503],{},[15,111087,110520],{},[33,111089,111090,111093],{},[36,111091,111092],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,111094,111095],{},"removes shared items",[20,111097,326],{},[59,111099,111101],{"className":61,"code":111100,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111102,111103,111123,111143,111147,111168],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111104,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111106,2618],{"class":106},[68,111108,111],{"class":110},[68,111110,1221],{"class":78},[68,111112,469],{"class":160},[68,111114,472],{"class":78},[68,111116,475],{"class":160},[68,111118,472],{"class":78},[68,111120,480],{"class":160},[68,111122,9338],{"class":78},[68,111124,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111126,2646],{"class":106},[68,111128,111],{"class":110},[68,111130,1221],{"class":78},[68,111132,2135],{"class":160},[68,111134,472],{"class":78},[68,111136,2521],{"class":160},[68,111138,472],{"class":78},[68,111140,4650],{"class":160},[68,111142,9338],{"class":78},[68,111144,111145],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111146,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,111148,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111150,129],{"class":128},[68,111152,79],{"class":78},[68,111154,49],{"class":138},[68,111156,236],{"class":78},[68,111158,2875],{"class":138},[68,111160,79],{"class":78},[68,111162,4806],{"class":138},[68,111164,1636],{"class":78},[68,111166,111167],{"class":3708},"            # {1, 2}\n",[68,111169,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111171,129],{"class":128},[68,111173,79],{"class":78},[68,111175,49],{"class":138},[68,111177,236],{"class":78},[68,111179,110610],{"class":138},[68,111181,79],{"class":78},[68,111183,4806],{"class":138},[68,111185,1636],{"class":78},[68,111187,110629],{"class":3708},[20,111189,18728],{},[33,111191,111192,111199],{},[36,111193,111194,111198],{},[49,111195,111196],{"href":102856},[15,111197,100430],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,111200,111201,111203],{},[15,111202,110520],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[93,111205,111207,969,111209],{"id":111206},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111208,110520],{},[15,111210,102815],{},[20,111212,111213,111215],{},[15,111214,102815],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111217,111218,111220],{},[15,111219,110520],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111222,326],{},[59,111224,111226],{"className":61,"code":111225,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111227,111228,111248,111268,111272,111294],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111229,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111231,2618],{"class":106},[68,111233,111],{"class":110},[68,111235,1221],{"class":78},[68,111237,469],{"class":160},[68,111239,472],{"class":78},[68,111241,475],{"class":160},[68,111243,472],{"class":78},[68,111245,480],{"class":160},[68,111247,9338],{"class":78},[68,111249,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111251,2646],{"class":106},[68,111253,111],{"class":110},[68,111255,1221],{"class":78},[68,111257,2135],{"class":160},[68,111259,472],{"class":78},[68,111261,2521],{"class":160},[68,111263,472],{"class":78},[68,111265,4650],{"class":160},[68,111267,9338],{"class":78},[68,111269,111270],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111271,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,111273,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111285,111287,111289,111291],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111275,129],{"class":128},[68,111277,79],{"class":78},[68,111279,49],{"class":138},[68,111281,236],{"class":78},[68,111283,111284],{"class":138},"union",[68,111286,79],{"class":78},[68,111288,4806],{"class":138},[68,111290,1636],{"class":78},[68,111292,111293],{"class":3708},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[68,111295,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111297,129],{"class":128},[68,111299,79],{"class":78},[68,111301,49],{"class":138},[68,111303,236],{"class":78},[68,111305,110610],{"class":138},[68,111307,79],{"class":78},[68,111309,4806],{"class":138},[68,111311,1636],{"class":78},[68,111313,110629],{"class":3708},[20,111315,27255],{},[33,111317,111318,111323],{},[36,111319,111320,111322],{},[15,111321,102815],{}," includes everything",[36,111324,111325,111327],{},[15,111326,110520],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111329,18728],{},[33,111331,111332,111339],{},[36,111333,111334,111338],{},[49,111335,111336],{"href":107745},[15,111337,102815],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,111340,111341,111343],{},[15,111342,110520],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[93,111345,36645,111347,101614],{"id":111346},"using-the-operator",[15,111348,111349],{},"^",[20,111351,111352,111353,111355,111356,236],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111354,111349],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111357,110520],{},[20,111359,326],{},[59,111361,111363],{"className":61,"code":111362,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111364,111365,111385,111405,111409,111427],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111366,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111368,110716],{"class":106},[68,111370,111],{"class":110},[68,111372,1221],{"class":78},[68,111374,469],{"class":160},[68,111376,472],{"class":78},[68,111378,475],{"class":160},[68,111380,472],{"class":78},[68,111382,480],{"class":160},[68,111384,9338],{"class":78},[68,111386,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111388,110737],{"class":106},[68,111390,111],{"class":110},[68,111392,1221],{"class":78},[68,111394,2135],{"class":160},[68,111396,472],{"class":78},[68,111398,2521],{"class":160},[68,111400,472],{"class":78},[68,111402,4650],{"class":160},[68,111404,9338],{"class":78},[68,111406,111407],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111408,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,111410,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111412,129],{"class":128},[68,111414,79],{"class":78},[68,111416,100601],{"class":138},[68,111418,236],{"class":78},[68,111420,110610],{"class":138},[68,111422,79],{"class":78},[68,111424,100610],{"class":138},[68,111426,142],{"class":78},[68,111428,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111440],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111430,129],{"class":128},[68,111432,79],{"class":78},[68,111434,110716],{"class":138},[68,111436,111349],{"class":110},[68,111438,111439],{"class":138}," set2",[68,111441,85],{"class":78},[20,111443,30064],{},[59,111445,111447],{"className":61,"code":111446,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111448,111449,111469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111450,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465,111467],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111452,9308],{"class":78},[68,111454,469],{"class":160},[68,111456,472],{"class":78},[68,111458,475],{"class":160},[68,111460,472],{"class":78},[68,111462,2521],{"class":160},[68,111464,472],{"class":78},[68,111466,4650],{"class":160},[68,111468,9338],{"class":78},[68,111470,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483,111485,111487],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111472,9308],{"class":78},[68,111474,469],{"class":160},[68,111476,472],{"class":78},[68,111478,475],{"class":160},[68,111480,472],{"class":78},[68,111482,2521],{"class":160},[68,111484,472],{"class":78},[68,111486,4650],{"class":160},[68,111488,9338],{"class":78},[20,111490,111491],{},"Both forms:",[33,111493,111494,111497],{},[36,111495,111496],{},"return a new set",[36,111498,111499],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111501,111502],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[93,111504,4563],{"id":4562},[20,111506,21246,111507,503],{},[15,111508,110520],{},[33,111510,111511,111519,111529,111544],{},[36,111512,111513,111516,111518],{},[1301,111514,111515],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9876,111517],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,111520,111521,111524,111526,111528],{},[1301,111522,111523],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9876,111525],{},[15,111527,110520],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,111530,111531,111536,111538,111540,111541,111543],{},[1301,111532,111533,111534],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111535,100430],{},[9876,111537],{},[15,111539,100430],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111542,110520],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,111545,111546,111549,111551],{},[1301,111547,111548],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9876,111550],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111553,58878],{},[33,111555,111556,111565,111568,111571],{},[36,111557,50506,111558,1784,111560,111564],{},[15,111559,110520],{},[49,111561,111562],{"href":107745},[15,111563,102815],{}," is actually needed",[36,111566,111567],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,111569,111570],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,111572,111573],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111575,111576,111577,236],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[49,111578,99094],{"href":105358},[20,111580,62312],{},[59,111582,111584],{"className":61,"code":111583,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111585,111586,111596,111606,111624,111638,111652],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111587,111588,111590,111592,111594],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111589,129],{"class":128},[68,111591,79],{"class":78},[68,111593,100601],{"class":138},[68,111595,85],{"class":78},[68,111597,111598,111600,111602,111604],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111599,129],{"class":128},[68,111601,79],{"class":78},[68,111603,100610],{"class":138},[68,111605,85],{"class":78},[68,111607,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620,111622],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111609,129],{"class":128},[68,111611,79],{"class":78},[68,111613,100601],{"class":138},[68,111615,236],{"class":78},[68,111617,110610],{"class":138},[68,111619,79],{"class":78},[68,111621,100610],{"class":138},[68,111623,142],{"class":78},[68,111625,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111627,129],{"class":128},[68,111629,79],{"class":78},[68,111631,110716],{"class":138},[68,111633,111349],{"class":110},[68,111635,111439],{"class":138},[68,111637,85],{"class":78},[68,111639,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111641,129],{"class":128},[68,111643,79],{"class":78},[68,111645,75],{"class":74},[68,111647,79],{"class":78},[68,111649,100601],{"class":138},[68,111651,142],{"class":78},[68,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,111655,129],{"class":128},[68,111657,79],{"class":78},[68,111659,75],{"class":74},[68,111661,79],{"class":78},[68,111663,100610],{"class":138},[68,111665,142],{"class":78},[93,111667,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,111669,12736,111671,102755],{"id":111670},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111672,110520],{},[20,111674,102758],{},[1470,111676,5221,111678,232,111680,1906],{"id":111677},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111679,110520],{},[15,111681,100430],{},[20,111683,111684,111686,111687,111689],{},[15,111685,100430],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111688,110520],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1470,111691,28363,111693,111695],{"id":111692},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111694,110520],{}," with lists?",[20,111697,111698],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111700,326],{},[59,111702,111704],{"className":61,"code":111703,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111705,111706,111726,111746,111750,111777],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111707,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111709,80671],{"class":106},[68,111711,111],{"class":110},[68,111713,725],{"class":78},[68,111715,469],{"class":160},[68,111717,472],{"class":78},[68,111719,475],{"class":160},[68,111721,472],{"class":78},[68,111723,480],{"class":160},[68,111725,730],{"class":78},[68,111727,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111729,80692],{"class":106},[68,111731,111],{"class":110},[68,111733,725],{"class":78},[68,111735,2135],{"class":160},[68,111737,472],{"class":78},[68,111739,2521],{"class":160},[68,111741,472],{"class":78},[68,111743,4650],{"class":160},[68,111745,730],{"class":78},[68,111747,111748],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111749,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,111751,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111753,2297],{"class":106},[68,111755,111],{"class":110},[68,111757,15665],{"class":74},[68,111759,79],{"class":78},[68,111761,111762],{"class":138},"list1",[68,111764,8665],{"class":78},[68,111766,110610],{"class":138},[68,111768,79],{"class":78},[68,111770,6328],{"class":74},[68,111772,79],{"class":78},[68,111774,80958],{"class":138},[68,111776,142],{"class":78},[68,111778,111779,111781,111783,111785],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111780,129],{"class":128},[68,111782,79],{"class":78},[68,111784,2331],{"class":138},[68,111786,85],{"class":78},[20,111788,180],{},[59,111790,111791],{"className":61,"code":110791,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,111792,111793],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111794,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111796,9308],{"class":78},[68,111798,469],{"class":160},[68,111800,472],{"class":78},[68,111802,475],{"class":160},[68,111804,472],{"class":78},[68,111806,2521],{"class":160},[68,111808,472],{"class":78},[68,111810,4650],{"class":160},[68,111812,9338],{"class":78},[1470,111814,111816],{"id":111815},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111818,111819],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[93,111821,1952],{"id":1951},[33,111823,111824,111828,111833,111839,111845],{},[36,111825,111826],{},[49,111827,96344],{"href":96343},[36,111829,111830],{},[49,111831,111832],{"href":96347},"Creating a set in Python",[36,111834,111835],{},[49,111836,96830,111837,10770],{"href":102856},[15,111838,100430],{},[36,111840,111841],{},[49,111842,96830,111843,10770],{"href":107745},[15,111844,102815],{},[36,111846,111847],{},[49,111848,100360],{"href":105358},[20,111850,111851,111852,1448,111854,1453,111856,111858],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111853,100430],{},[15,111855,102815],{},[15,111857,110520],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1995,111860,57257],{},{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":111862},[111863,111864,111866,111867,111868,111869,111871,111873,111875,111876,111885],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":110635,"depth":125,"text":111865},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":110816,"depth":125,"text":110817},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":111064,"depth":125,"text":111870},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111206,"depth":125,"text":111872},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111346,"depth":125,"text":111874},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":111877},[111878,111880,111882,111884],{"id":111670,"depth":145,"text":111879},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111677,"depth":145,"text":111881},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111692,"depth":145,"text":111883},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111815,"depth":145,"text":111816},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110512,"description":111886},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111893,"title":111894,"body":111895,"description":113958,"extension":2033,"meta":113959,"navigation":148,"path":107745,"seo":113960,"stem":113961,"__hash__":113962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111896,"toc":113917},[111897,111902,111907,111910,111923,111925,112007,112012,112017,112021,112033,112036,112040,112042,112069,112071,112082,112085,112154,112156,112162,112165,112175,112177,112266,112271,112273,112280,112283,112285,112288,112408,112410,112479,112482,112499,112504,112507,112623,112625,112654,112657,112663,112668,112672,112753,112755,112783,112788,112792,112887,112889,112930,112934,112937,113004,113006,113047,113053,113068,113075,113082,113086,113092,113178,113182,113190,113261,113266,113273,113275,113281,113283,113348,113350,113366,113371,113374,113443,113447,113450,113509,113512,113516,113569,113582,113585,113638,113642,113644,113675,113678,113683,113736,113740,113743,113764,113776,113778,113831,113833,113838,113840,113846,113849,113855,113860,113864,113867,113875,113884,113886,113914],[10,111898,13,111900,11352],{"id":111899},"python-setunion-method",[15,111901,108058],{},[20,111903,111904,111906],{},[15,111905,108058],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111908,111909],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,111911,111912,111915,111920],{},[36,111913,111914],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,111916,2618,111917,111919],{},[1301,111918,100785],{}," as the result",[36,111921,111922],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[93,111924,2075],{"id":2074},[59,111926,111928],{"className":61,"code":111927,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111929,111930,111950,111970,111974,111992,112002],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,111933,110716],{"class":106},[68,111935,111],{"class":110},[68,111937,1221],{"class":78},[68,111939,469],{"class":160},[68,111941,472],{"class":78},[68,111943,475],{"class":160},[68,111945,472],{"class":78},[68,111947,480],{"class":160},[68,111949,9338],{"class":78},[68,111951,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,111953,110737],{"class":106},[68,111955,111],{"class":110},[68,111957,1221],{"class":78},[68,111959,2135],{"class":160},[68,111961,472],{"class":78},[68,111963,2521],{"class":160},[68,111965,472],{"class":78},[68,111967,4650],{"class":160},[68,111969,9338],{"class":78},[68,111971,111972],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,111973,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,111975,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,111977,2297],{"class":106},[68,111979,111],{"class":110},[68,111981,110766],{"class":106},[68,111983,236],{"class":78},[68,111985,111284],{"class":138},[68,111987,79],{"class":78},[68,111989,100610],{"class":138},[68,111991,85],{"class":78},[68,111993,111994,111996,111998,112000],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,111995,129],{"class":128},[68,111997,79],{"class":78},[68,111999,2331],{"class":138},[68,112001,85],{"class":78},[68,112003,112004],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,112005,112006],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112008,112009,112011],{},[15,112010,102815],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[93,112013,3722,112015,3725],{"id":112014},"what-setunion-does",[15,112016,108058],{},[20,112018,112019,503],{},[15,112020,108058],{},[33,112022,112023,112026,112029,112031],{},[36,112024,112025],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,112027,112028],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,112030,110646],{},[36,112032,110655],{},[20,112034,112035],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112037,96340,112038,236],{},[49,112039,96344],{"href":97515},[93,112041,303],{"id":302},[59,112043,112045],{"className":61,"code":112044,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112046,112047],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112050,100601],{"class":106},[68,112052,236],{"class":78},[68,112054,111284],{"class":138},[68,112056,79],{"class":78},[68,112058,100610],{"class":138},[68,112060,472],{"class":78},[68,112062,100637],{"class":138},[68,112064,472],{"class":78},[68,112066,34487],{"class":128},[68,112068,85],{"class":78},[20,112070,13084],{},[33,112072,112073,112076,112079],{},[36,112074,112075],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,112077,112078],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,112080,112081],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112083,112084],{},"Example with two sets:",[59,112086,112088],{"className":61,"code":112087,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112089,112090,112106,112122,112126,112144],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112093,2618],{"class":106},[68,112095,111],{"class":110},[68,112097,1221],{"class":78},[68,112099,469],{"class":160},[68,112101,472],{"class":78},[68,112103,475],{"class":160},[68,112105,9338],{"class":78},[68,112107,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112109,2646],{"class":106},[68,112111,111],{"class":110},[68,112113,1221],{"class":78},[68,112115,2129],{"class":160},[68,112117,472],{"class":78},[68,112119,480],{"class":160},[68,112121,9338],{"class":78},[68,112123,112124],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112125,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112127,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112129,2297],{"class":106},[68,112131,111],{"class":110},[68,112133,56904],{"class":106},[68,112135,236],{"class":78},[68,112137,111284],{"class":138},[68,112139,79],{"class":78},[68,112141,4806],{"class":138},[68,112143,85],{"class":78},[68,112145,112146,112148,112150,112152],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112147,129],{"class":128},[68,112149,79],{"class":78},[68,112151,2331],{"class":138},[68,112153,85],{"class":78},[93,112155,22005],{"id":22004},[20,112157,112158,100782,112160,236],{},[15,112159,108058],{},[1301,112161,100785],{},[20,112163,112164],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,112166,112167,112170],{},[36,112168,112169],{},"the original set",[36,112171,112172,112173],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112174,102815],{},[20,112176,326],{},[59,112178,112180],{"className":61,"code":112179,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112181,112182,112198,112214,112218,112236,112240,112253],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112183,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112185,2618],{"class":106},[68,112187,111],{"class":110},[68,112189,1221],{"class":78},[68,112191,469],{"class":160},[68,112193,472],{"class":78},[68,112195,475],{"class":160},[68,112197,9338],{"class":78},[68,112199,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112201,2646],{"class":106},[68,112203,111],{"class":110},[68,112205,1221],{"class":78},[68,112207,2129],{"class":160},[68,112209,472],{"class":78},[68,112211,480],{"class":160},[68,112213,9338],{"class":78},[68,112215,112216],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112217,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112219,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112221,2297],{"class":106},[68,112223,111],{"class":110},[68,112225,56904],{"class":106},[68,112227,236],{"class":78},[68,112229,111284],{"class":138},[68,112231,79],{"class":78},[68,112233,4806],{"class":138},[68,112235,85],{"class":78},[68,112237,112238],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112239,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112241,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,112243,129],{"class":128},[68,112245,79],{"class":78},[68,112247,2331],{"class":138},[68,112249,1701],{"class":78},[68,112251,112252],{"class":3708},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[68,112254,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,112256,129],{"class":128},[68,112258,79],{"class":78},[68,112260,49],{"class":138},[68,112262,1701],{"class":78},[68,112264,112265],{"class":3708},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112267,2353,112268,112270],{},[15,112269,49],{}," did not change.",[20,112272,110888],{},[33,112274,112275,112277],{},[36,112276,110893],{},[36,112278,112279],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112281,112282],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[93,112284,11506],{"id":11505},[20,112286,112287],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[59,112289,112291],{"className":61,"code":112290,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112292,112293,112326,112359,112363,112383,112387,112397],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112294,112295,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112296,112297],{"class":106},"fruits1 ",[68,112299,111],{"class":110},[68,112301,1221],{"class":78},[68,112303,344],{"class":114},[68,112305,4123],{"class":118},[68,112307,344],{"class":114},[68,112309,472],{"class":78},[68,112311,115],{"class":114},[68,112313,4132],{"class":118},[68,112315,344],{"class":114},[68,112317,472],{"class":78},[68,112319,115],{"class":114},[68,112321,33254],{"class":118},[68,112323,344],{"class":114},[68,112325,9338],{"class":78},[68,112327,112328,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112329,112330],{"class":106},"fruits2 ",[68,112332,111],{"class":110},[68,112334,1221],{"class":78},[68,112336,344],{"class":114},[68,112338,4132],{"class":118},[68,112340,344],{"class":114},[68,112342,472],{"class":78},[68,112344,115],{"class":114},[68,112346,22568],{"class":118},[68,112348,344],{"class":114},[68,112350,472],{"class":78},[68,112352,115],{"class":114},[68,112354,33254],{"class":118},[68,112356,344],{"class":114},[68,112358,9338],{"class":78},[68,112360,112361],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112362,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112364,112365,112367,112369,112372,112374,112376,112378,112381],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112366,2297],{"class":106},[68,112368,111],{"class":110},[68,112370,112371],{"class":106}," fruits1",[68,112373,236],{"class":78},[68,112375,111284],{"class":138},[68,112377,79],{"class":78},[68,112379,112380],{"class":138},"fruits2",[68,112382,85],{"class":78},[68,112384,112385],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112386,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112388,112389,112391,112393,112395],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,112390,129],{"class":128},[68,112392,79],{"class":78},[68,112394,2331],{"class":138},[68,112396,85],{"class":78},[68,112398,112399,112401,112403,112406],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,112400,129],{"class":128},[68,112402,79],{"class":78},[68,112404,112405],{"class":138},"fruits1",[68,112407,85],{"class":78},[20,112409,30064],{},[59,112411,112413],{"className":61,"code":112412,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112414,112415,112451],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112416,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112418,9308],{"class":78},[68,112420,203],{"class":114},[68,112422,4132],{"class":118},[68,112424,203],{"class":114},[68,112426,472],{"class":78},[68,112428,197],{"class":114},[68,112430,33254],{"class":118},[68,112432,203],{"class":114},[68,112434,472],{"class":78},[68,112436,197],{"class":114},[68,112438,4123],{"class":118},[68,112440,203],{"class":114},[68,112442,472],{"class":78},[68,112444,197],{"class":114},[68,112446,22568],{"class":118},[68,112448,203],{"class":114},[68,112450,9338],{"class":78},[68,112452,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112454,9308],{"class":78},[68,112456,203],{"class":114},[68,112458,4132],{"class":118},[68,112460,203],{"class":114},[68,112462,472],{"class":78},[68,112464,197],{"class":114},[68,112466,33254],{"class":118},[68,112468,203],{"class":114},[68,112470,472],{"class":78},[68,112472,197],{"class":114},[68,112474,4123],{"class":118},[68,112476,203],{"class":114},[68,112478,9338],{"class":78},[20,112480,112481],{},"What this shows:",[33,112483,112484,112491,112494],{},[36,112485,112486,232,112488,112490],{},[15,112487,65289],{},[15,112489,65716],{}," appear in both sets",[36,112492,112493],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,112495,112496,112498],{},[15,112497,112405],{}," stays unchanged",[93,112500,633,112502,101174],{"id":112501},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112503,102815],{},[20,112505,112506],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[59,112508,112510],{"className":61,"code":112509,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112511,112512,112528,112544,112561,112578,112582,112609,112613],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112513,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112515,110716],{"class":106},[68,112517,111],{"class":110},[68,112519,1221],{"class":78},[68,112521,469],{"class":160},[68,112523,472],{"class":78},[68,112525,475],{"class":160},[68,112527,9338],{"class":78},[68,112529,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112531,110737],{"class":106},[68,112533,111],{"class":110},[68,112535,1221],{"class":78},[68,112537,2129],{"class":160},[68,112539,472],{"class":78},[68,112541,480],{"class":160},[68,112543,9338],{"class":78},[68,112545,112546,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112547,112548],{"class":106},"set3 ",[68,112550,111],{"class":110},[68,112552,1221],{"class":78},[68,112554,2135],{"class":160},[68,112556,472],{"class":78},[68,112558,2521],{"class":160},[68,112560,9338],{"class":78},[68,112562,112563,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112564,112565],{"class":106},"set4 ",[68,112567,111],{"class":110},[68,112569,1221],{"class":78},[68,112571,2568],{"class":160},[68,112573,472],{"class":78},[68,112575,4650],{"class":160},[68,112577,9338],{"class":78},[68,112579,112580],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112581,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112583,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112607],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,112585,2297],{"class":106},[68,112587,111],{"class":110},[68,112589,110766],{"class":106},[68,112591,236],{"class":78},[68,112593,111284],{"class":138},[68,112595,79],{"class":78},[68,112597,100610],{"class":138},[68,112599,472],{"class":78},[68,112601,100637],{"class":138},[68,112603,472],{"class":78},[68,112605,112606],{"class":138}," set4",[68,112608,85],{"class":78},[68,112610,112611],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,112612,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,112616,129],{"class":128},[68,112618,79],{"class":78},[68,112620,2331],{"class":138},[68,112622,85],{"class":78},[20,112624,30064],{},[59,112626,112628],{"className":61,"code":112627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112629,112630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112631,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112633,9308],{"class":78},[68,112635,469],{"class":160},[68,112637,472],{"class":78},[68,112639,475],{"class":160},[68,112641,472],{"class":78},[68,112643,480],{"class":160},[68,112645,472],{"class":78},[68,112647,2521],{"class":160},[68,112649,472],{"class":78},[68,112651,4650],{"class":160},[68,112653,9338],{"class":78},[20,112655,112656],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[93,112658,633,112660,112662],{"id":112659},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112661,102815],{}," with other iterables",[20,112664,112665,112667],{},[15,112666,102815],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1470,112669,112671],{"id":112670},"with-a-list","With a list",[59,112673,112675],{"className":61,"code":112674,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112676,112677,112697,112721,112725,112743],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112678,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112680,3663],{"class":106},[68,112682,111],{"class":110},[68,112684,1221],{"class":78},[68,112686,469],{"class":160},[68,112688,472],{"class":78},[68,112690,475],{"class":160},[68,112692,472],{"class":78},[68,112694,480],{"class":160},[68,112696,9338],{"class":78},[68,112698,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112700,61064],{"class":106},[68,112702,111],{"class":110},[68,112704,725],{"class":78},[68,112706,2135],{"class":160},[68,112708,472],{"class":78},[68,112710,2521],{"class":160},[68,112712,472],{"class":78},[68,112714,4650],{"class":160},[68,112716,472],{"class":78},[68,112718,4650],{"class":160},[68,112720,730],{"class":78},[68,112722,112723],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112724,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112726,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112728,2297],{"class":106},[68,112730,111],{"class":110},[68,112732,4308],{"class":106},[68,112734,236],{"class":78},[68,112736,111284],{"class":138},[68,112738,79],{"class":78},[68,112740,61093],{"class":138},[68,112742,85],{"class":78},[68,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112746,129],{"class":128},[68,112748,79],{"class":78},[68,112750,2331],{"class":138},[68,112752,85],{"class":78},[20,112754,30064],{},[59,112756,112757],{"className":61,"code":112627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,112758,112759],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112760,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112762,9308],{"class":78},[68,112764,469],{"class":160},[68,112766,472],{"class":78},[68,112768,475],{"class":160},[68,112770,472],{"class":78},[68,112772,480],{"class":160},[68,112774,472],{"class":78},[68,112776,2521],{"class":160},[68,112778,472],{"class":78},[68,112780,4650],{"class":160},[68,112782,9338],{"class":78},[20,112784,21012,112785,112787],{},[15,112786,1497],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1470,112789,112791],{"id":112790},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[59,112793,112795],{"className":61,"code":112794,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112796,112797,112821,112854,112858,112877],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112798,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112800,36122],{"class":106},[68,112802,111],{"class":110},[68,112804,1221],{"class":78},[68,112806,344],{"class":114},[68,112808,49],{"class":118},[68,112810,344],{"class":114},[68,112812,472],{"class":78},[68,112814,115],{"class":114},[68,112816,4806],{"class":118},[68,112818,344],{"class":114},[68,112820,9338],{"class":78},[68,112822,112823,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112824,112825],{"class":106},"more_letters ",[68,112827,111],{"class":110},[68,112829,9266],{"class":78},[68,112831,344],{"class":114},[68,112833,4806],{"class":118},[68,112835,344],{"class":114},[68,112837,472],{"class":78},[68,112839,115],{"class":114},[68,112841,9769],{"class":118},[68,112843,344],{"class":114},[68,112845,472],{"class":78},[68,112847,115],{"class":114},[68,112849,18801],{"class":118},[68,112851,344],{"class":114},[68,112853,85],{"class":78},[68,112855,112856],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112857,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112859,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112875],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112861,2297],{"class":106},[68,112863,111],{"class":110},[68,112865,70110],{"class":106},[68,112867,236],{"class":78},[68,112869,111284],{"class":138},[68,112871,79],{"class":78},[68,112873,112874],{"class":138},"more_letters",[68,112876,85],{"class":78},[68,112878,112879,112881,112883,112885],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,112880,129],{"class":128},[68,112882,79],{"class":78},[68,112884,2331],{"class":138},[68,112886,85],{"class":78},[20,112888,30064],{},[59,112890,112892],{"className":61,"code":112891,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112893,112894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112895,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112897,9308],{"class":78},[68,112899,203],{"class":114},[68,112901,49],{"class":118},[68,112903,203],{"class":114},[68,112905,472],{"class":78},[68,112907,197],{"class":114},[68,112909,4806],{"class":118},[68,112911,203],{"class":114},[68,112913,472],{"class":78},[68,112915,197],{"class":114},[68,112917,9769],{"class":118},[68,112919,203],{"class":114},[68,112921,472],{"class":78},[68,112923,197],{"class":114},[68,112925,18801],{"class":118},[68,112927,203],{"class":114},[68,112929,9338],{"class":78},[1470,112931,112933],{"id":112932},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112935,112936],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[59,112938,112940],{"className":61,"code":112939,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112941,112942,112967,112990,112994],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,112943,112944,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,112945,112946],{"class":106},"chars ",[68,112948,111],{"class":110},[68,112950,1221],{"class":78},[68,112952,344],{"class":114},[68,112954,49],{"class":118},[68,112956,344],{"class":114},[68,112958,472],{"class":78},[68,112960,115],{"class":114},[68,112962,4806],{"class":118},[68,112964,344],{"class":114},[68,112966,9338],{"class":78},[68,112968,112969,112971,112973,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,112970,2297],{"class":106},[68,112972,111],{"class":110},[68,112974,112975],{"class":106}," chars",[68,112977,236],{"class":78},[68,112979,111284],{"class":138},[68,112981,79],{"class":78},[68,112983,344],{"class":114},[68,112985,37080],{"class":118},[68,112987,344],{"class":114},[68,112989,85],{"class":78},[68,112991,112992],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,112993,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,112995,112996,112998,113000,113002],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,112997,129],{"class":128},[68,112999,79],{"class":78},[68,113001,2331],{"class":138},[68,113003,85],{"class":78},[20,113005,30064],{},[59,113007,113009],{"className":61,"code":113008,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113010,113011],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113012,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113014,9308],{"class":78},[68,113016,203],{"class":114},[68,113018,49],{"class":118},[68,113020,203],{"class":114},[68,113022,472],{"class":78},[68,113024,197],{"class":114},[68,113026,4806],{"class":118},[68,113028,203],{"class":114},[68,113030,472],{"class":78},[68,113032,197],{"class":114},[68,113034,9769],{"class":118},[68,113036,203],{"class":114},[68,113038,472],{"class":78},[68,113040,197],{"class":114},[68,113042,63303],{"class":118},[68,113044,203],{"class":114},[68,113046,9338],{"class":78},[20,113048,22224,113049,113052],{},[15,113050,113051],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[33,113054,113055,113059,113063],{},[36,113056,113057],{},[15,113058,66496],{},[36,113060,113061],{},[15,113062,18129],{},[36,113064,113065],{},[15,113066,113067],{},"\"t\"",[93,113069,113071,969,113073],{"id":113070},"union-vs-update",[15,113072,102815],{},[15,113074,14985],{},[20,113076,113077,232,113079,113081],{},[15,113078,102815],{},[15,113080,14985],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1470,113083,113084],{"id":111284},[15,113085,102815],{},[33,113087,113088,113090],{},[36,113089,110646],{},[36,113091,110655],{},[59,113093,113094],{"className":61,"code":112179,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,113095,113096,113112,113128,113132,113150,113154,113166],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113099,2618],{"class":106},[68,113101,111],{"class":110},[68,113103,1221],{"class":78},[68,113105,469],{"class":160},[68,113107,472],{"class":78},[68,113109,475],{"class":160},[68,113111,9338],{"class":78},[68,113113,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113115,2646],{"class":106},[68,113117,111],{"class":110},[68,113119,1221],{"class":78},[68,113121,2129],{"class":160},[68,113123,472],{"class":78},[68,113125,480],{"class":160},[68,113127,9338],{"class":78},[68,113129,113130],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113131,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113133,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113135,2297],{"class":106},[68,113137,111],{"class":110},[68,113139,56904],{"class":106},[68,113141,236],{"class":78},[68,113143,111284],{"class":138},[68,113145,79],{"class":78},[68,113147,4806],{"class":138},[68,113149,85],{"class":78},[68,113151,113152],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,113153,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,113157,129],{"class":128},[68,113159,79],{"class":78},[68,113161,2331],{"class":138},[68,113163,1701],{"class":78},[68,113165,112252],{"class":3708},[68,113167,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,113169,129],{"class":128},[68,113171,79],{"class":78},[68,113173,49],{"class":138},[68,113175,1701],{"class":78},[68,113177,112265],{"class":3708},[1470,113179,113180],{"id":30499},[15,113181,14985],{},[33,113183,113184,113187],{},[36,113185,113186],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,113188,113189],{},"does not create a separate result set",[59,113191,113193],{"className":61,"code":113192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113194,113195,113211,113227,113231,113245,113249],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113196,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113198,2618],{"class":106},[68,113200,111],{"class":110},[68,113202,1221],{"class":78},[68,113204,469],{"class":160},[68,113206,472],{"class":78},[68,113208,475],{"class":160},[68,113210,9338],{"class":78},[68,113212,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113214,2646],{"class":106},[68,113216,111],{"class":110},[68,113218,1221],{"class":78},[68,113220,2129],{"class":160},[68,113222,472],{"class":78},[68,113224,480],{"class":160},[68,113226,9338],{"class":78},[68,113228,113229],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113230,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113232,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113234,49],{"class":106},[68,113236,236],{"class":78},[68,113238,30499],{"class":138},[68,113240,79],{"class":78},[68,113242,4806],{"class":138},[68,113244,85],{"class":78},[68,113246,113247],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,113248,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113250,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,113252,129],{"class":128},[68,113254,79],{"class":78},[68,113256,49],{"class":138},[68,113258,1701],{"class":78},[68,113260,112252],{"class":3708},[20,113262,224,113263,113265],{},[15,113264,102815],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113267,113268,113269,236],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[49,113270,13,113271,10770],{"href":98535},[15,113272,97330],{},[93,113274,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,113276,1770,113278,113280],{"id":113277},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113279,102815],{}," to change the original set",[20,113282,81840],{},[59,113284,113286],{"className":61,"code":113285,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113287,113288,113304,113320,113324,113338],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113289,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113291,2618],{"class":106},[68,113293,111],{"class":110},[68,113295,1221],{"class":78},[68,113297,469],{"class":160},[68,113299,472],{"class":78},[68,113301,475],{"class":160},[68,113303,9338],{"class":78},[68,113305,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113307,2646],{"class":106},[68,113309,111],{"class":110},[68,113311,1221],{"class":78},[68,113313,2129],{"class":160},[68,113315,472],{"class":78},[68,113317,480],{"class":160},[68,113319,9338],{"class":78},[68,113321,113322],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113323,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113325,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113327,49],{"class":106},[68,113329,236],{"class":78},[68,113331,111284],{"class":138},[68,113333,79],{"class":78},[68,113335,4806],{"class":138},[68,113337,85],{"class":78},[68,113339,113340,113342,113344,113346],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,113341,129],{"class":128},[68,113343,79],{"class":78},[68,113345,49],{"class":138},[68,113347,85],{"class":78},[20,113349,180],{},[59,113351,113352],{"className":61,"code":100523,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,113353,113354],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113355,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113357,9308],{"class":78},[68,113359,469],{"class":160},[68,113361,472],{"class":78},[68,113363,475],{"class":160},[68,113365,9338],{"class":78},[20,113367,8529,113368,113370],{},[15,113369,102815],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113372,113373],{},"Fix it like this:",[59,113375,113377],{"className":61,"code":113376,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113378,113379,113395,113411,113415,113433],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113382,2618],{"class":106},[68,113384,111],{"class":110},[68,113386,1221],{"class":78},[68,113388,469],{"class":160},[68,113390,472],{"class":78},[68,113392,475],{"class":160},[68,113394,9338],{"class":78},[68,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113398,2646],{"class":106},[68,113400,111],{"class":110},[68,113402,1221],{"class":78},[68,113404,2129],{"class":160},[68,113406,472],{"class":78},[68,113408,480],{"class":160},[68,113410,9338],{"class":78},[68,113412,113413],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113414,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113416,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113418,2618],{"class":106},[68,113420,111],{"class":110},[68,113422,56904],{"class":106},[68,113424,236],{"class":78},[68,113426,111284],{"class":138},[68,113428,79],{"class":78},[68,113430,4806],{"class":138},[68,113432,85],{"class":78},[68,113434,113435,113437,113439,113441],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,113436,129],{"class":128},[68,113438,79],{"class":78},[68,113440,49],{"class":138},[68,113442,85],{"class":78},[1470,113444,113446],{"id":113445},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113448,113449],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[59,113451,113453],{"className":61,"code":113452,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113454,113455,113471,113487,113491],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113456,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113458,2618],{"class":106},[68,113460,111],{"class":110},[68,113462,1221],{"class":78},[68,113464,2135],{"class":160},[68,113466,472],{"class":78},[68,113468,5539],{"class":160},[68,113470,9338],{"class":78},[68,113472,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113474,2646],{"class":106},[68,113476,111],{"class":110},[68,113478,1221],{"class":78},[68,113480,2129],{"class":160},[68,113482,472],{"class":78},[68,113484,2521],{"class":160},[68,113486,9338],{"class":78},[68,113488,113489],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113490,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,113492,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113494,129],{"class":128},[68,113496,79],{"class":78},[68,113498,49],{"class":138},[68,113500,236],{"class":78},[68,113502,111284],{"class":138},[68,113504,79],{"class":78},[68,113506,4806],{"class":138},[68,113508,142],{"class":78},[20,113510,113511],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1470,113513,113515],{"id":113514},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[59,113517,113519],{"className":61,"code":113518,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113520,113521,113537,113559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113522,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113524,4114],{"class":106},[68,113526,111],{"class":110},[68,113528,1221],{"class":78},[68,113530,344],{"class":114},[68,113532,58143],{"class":118},[68,113534,344],{"class":114},[68,113536,9338],{"class":78},[68,113538,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113540,2297],{"class":106},[68,113542,111],{"class":110},[68,113544,6209],{"class":106},[68,113546,236],{"class":78},[68,113548,111284],{"class":138},[68,113550,79],{"class":78},[68,113552,344],{"class":114},[68,113554,37080],{"class":118},[68,113556,344],{"class":114},[68,113558,85],{"class":78},[68,113560,113561,113563,113565,113567],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113562,129],{"class":128},[68,113564,79],{"class":78},[68,113566,2331],{"class":138},[68,113568,85],{"class":78},[20,113570,113571,113572,1448,113574,1453,113576,113578,113579,113581],{},"This adds ",[15,113573,66496],{},[15,113575,18129],{},[15,113577,113067],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113580,113051],{}," as one item.",[20,113583,113584],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[59,113586,113588],{"className":61,"code":113587,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113589,113590,113606,113628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113591,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113593,4114],{"class":106},[68,113595,111],{"class":110},[68,113597,1221],{"class":78},[68,113599,344],{"class":114},[68,113601,58143],{"class":118},[68,113603,344],{"class":114},[68,113605,9338],{"class":78},[68,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113609,2297],{"class":106},[68,113611,111],{"class":110},[68,113613,6209],{"class":106},[68,113615,236],{"class":78},[68,113617,111284],{"class":138},[68,113619,466],{"class":78},[68,113621,344],{"class":114},[68,113623,37080],{"class":118},[68,113625,344],{"class":114},[68,113627,3933],{"class":78},[68,113629,113630,113632,113634,113636],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113631,129],{"class":128},[68,113633,79],{"class":78},[68,113635,2331],{"class":138},[68,113637,85],{"class":78},[1470,113639,113641],{"id":113640},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113643,2899],{},[59,113645,113647],{"className":61,"code":113646,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113648,113649],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113650,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113652,15660],{"class":106},[68,113654,111],{"class":110},[68,113656,1221],{"class":78},[68,113658,469],{"class":160},[68,113660,472],{"class":78},[68,113662,475],{"class":160},[68,113664,472],{"class":78},[68,113666,725],{"class":78},[68,113668,2135],{"class":160},[68,113670,472],{"class":78},[68,113672,2521],{"class":160},[68,113674,13738],{"class":78},[20,113676,113677],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113679,113680,113681,503],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113682,102815],{},[59,113684,113686],{"className":61,"code":113685,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113687,113688,113704,113726],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113689,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113691,15660],{"class":106},[68,113693,111],{"class":110},[68,113695,1221],{"class":78},[68,113697,469],{"class":160},[68,113699,472],{"class":78},[68,113701,475],{"class":160},[68,113703,9338],{"class":78},[68,113705,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113707,2297],{"class":106},[68,113709,111],{"class":110},[68,113711,96940],{"class":106},[68,113713,236],{"class":78},[68,113715,111284],{"class":138},[68,113717,466],{"class":78},[68,113719,2135],{"class":160},[68,113721,472],{"class":78},[68,113723,2521],{"class":160},[68,113725,3933],{"class":78},[68,113727,113728,113730,113732,113734],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113729,129],{"class":128},[68,113731,79],{"class":78},[68,113733,2331],{"class":138},[68,113735,85],{"class":78},[93,113737,113739],{"id":113738},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113741,113742],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,113744,113745,113751,113758,113761],{},[36,113746,113747,113748,113750],{},"call ",[15,113749,102815],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,113752,113753,113754,8739,113756],{},"confuse ",[15,113755,102815],{},[15,113757,14985],{},[36,113759,113760],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,113762,113763],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113765,113766,113767,232,113771,236],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[49,113768,13,113769,10770],{"href":102804},[15,113770,106588],{},[49,113772,13,113774,10770],{"href":113773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113775,100435],{},[20,113777,62312],{},[59,113779,113781],{"className":61,"code":113780,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113782,113783,113793,113807,113817],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113784,113785,113787,113789,113791],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113786,129],{"class":128},[68,113788,79],{"class":78},[68,113790,15698],{"class":138},[68,113792,85],{"class":78},[68,113794,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,113796,129],{"class":128},[68,113798,79],{"class":78},[68,113800,75],{"class":74},[68,113802,79],{"class":78},[68,113804,15698],{"class":138},[68,113806,142],{"class":78},[68,113808,113809,113811,113813,113815],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,113810,129],{"class":128},[68,113812,79],{"class":78},[68,113814,2331],{"class":138},[68,113816,85],{"class":78},[68,113818,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,113820,1850],{"class":128},[68,113822,79],{"class":78},[68,113824,6328],{"class":74},[68,113826,236],{"class":78},[68,113828,111284],{"class":1267},[68,113830,85],{"class":78},[93,113832,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,113834,12736,113836,102755],{"id":113835},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113837,108058],{},[20,113839,102758],{},[1470,113841,1939,113843,113845],{"id":113842},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113844,102815],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113847,113848],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1470,113850,28363,113852,113854],{"id":113851},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113853,102815],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113856,42182,113857,113859],{},[15,113858,102815],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1470,113861,113863],{"id":113862},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113865,113866],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1470,113868,5221,113870,232,113872,1906],{"id":113869},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113871,102815],{},[15,113873,113874],{},"|",[20,113876,113877,113878,113880,113881,113883],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113879,113874],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113882,102815],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[93,113885,1952],{"id":1951},[33,113887,113888,113892,113898,113904,113910],{},[36,113889,113890],{},[49,113891,96344],{"href":97515},[36,113893,113894],{},[49,113895,13,113896,10770],{"href":98535},[15,113897,97330],{},[36,113899,113900],{},[49,113901,13,113902,10770],{"href":102804},[15,113903,106588],{},[36,113905,113906],{},[49,113907,13,113908,10770],{"href":113773},[15,113909,100435],{},[36,113911,113912],{},[49,113913,100360],{"href":99093},[1995,113915,113916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":113918},[113919,113920,113922,113923,113924,113925,113927,113933,113938,113945,113946,113957],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":112014,"depth":125,"text":113921},"What set.union() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":22004,"depth":125,"text":22005},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":112501,"depth":125,"text":113926},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112659,"depth":125,"text":113928,"children":113929},"Using union() with other iterables",[113930,113931,113932],{"id":112670,"depth":145,"text":112671},{"id":112790,"depth":145,"text":112791},{"id":112932,"depth":145,"text":112933},{"id":113070,"depth":125,"text":113934,"children":113935},"union() vs update()",[113936,113937],{"id":111284,"depth":145,"text":102815},{"id":30499,"depth":145,"text":14985},{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":113939},[113940,113942,113943,113944],{"id":113277,"depth":145,"text":113941},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113445,"depth":145,"text":113446},{"id":113514,"depth":145,"text":113515},{"id":113640,"depth":145,"text":113641},{"id":113738,"depth":125,"text":113739},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":113947},[113948,113950,113952,113954,113955],{"id":113835,"depth":145,"text":113949},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113842,"depth":145,"text":113951},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113851,"depth":145,"text":113953},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113862,"depth":145,"text":113863},{"id":113869,"depth":145,"text":113956},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111894,"description":113958},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113964,"title":113965,"body":113966,"description":115855,"extension":2033,"meta":115856,"navigation":148,"path":96829,"seo":115857,"stem":115858,"__hash__":115859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113967,"toc":115821},[113968,113973,113978,113986,113988,114046,114051,114056,114060,114072,114075,114149,114154,114156,114158,114177,114179,114196,114199,114226,114228,114298,114302,114304,114310,114312,114373,114378,114380,114437,114441,114446,114511,114513,114533,114540,114544,114549,114634,114637,114644,114747,114751,114756,114814,114817,114828,114842,114849,114907,114914,114917,114927,114931,114989,114993,115059,115062,115120,115127,115134,115137,115141,115150,115219,115223,115229,115317,115327,115331,115335,115339,115342,115403,115408,115465,115469,115471,115506,115513,115515,115569,115576,115580,115583,115648,115657,115663,115720,115722,115727,115731,115735,115738,115745,115753,115757,115762,115766,115772,115774,115809,115818],[10,113969,96216,113971,11352],{"id":113970},"python-set-update-method",[15,113972,14985],{},[20,113974,113975,113977],{},[15,113976,97330],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113979,113980,113981,113985],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[49,113982,113983],{"href":98516},[15,113984,96224],{},", which adds only one item.",[93,113987,96],{"id":95},[59,113989,113991],{"className":61,"code":113990,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113992,113993,114009,114031,114041],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,113994,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,113996,3663],{"class":106},[68,113998,111],{"class":110},[68,114000,1221],{"class":78},[68,114002,469],{"class":160},[68,114004,472],{"class":78},[68,114006,475],{"class":160},[68,114008,9338],{"class":78},[68,114010,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114012,3693],{"class":106},[68,114014,236],{"class":78},[68,114016,30499],{"class":138},[68,114018,466],{"class":78},[68,114020,2129],{"class":160},[68,114022,472],{"class":78},[68,114024,480],{"class":160},[68,114026,472],{"class":78},[68,114028,2521],{"class":160},[68,114030,3933],{"class":78},[68,114032,114033,114035,114037,114039],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114034,129],{"class":128},[68,114036,79],{"class":78},[68,114038,3693],{"class":138},[68,114040,85],{"class":78},[68,114042,114043],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114044,114045],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114047,224,114048,114050],{},[15,114049,14985],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[93,114052,3722,114054,3725],{"id":114053},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114055,97330],{},[20,114057,114058,503],{},[15,114059,97330],{},[33,114061,114062,114065,114067,114070],{},[36,114063,114064],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,114066,96331],{},[36,114068,114069],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,114071,96334],{},[20,114073,114074],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[59,114076,114078],{"className":61,"code":114077,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114079,114080,114104,114130,114134,114144],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114081,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114083,13108],{"class":106},[68,114085,111],{"class":110},[68,114087,1221],{"class":78},[68,114089,344],{"class":114},[68,114091,13125],{"class":118},[68,114093,344],{"class":114},[68,114095,472],{"class":78},[68,114097,115],{"class":114},[68,114099,13142],{"class":118},[68,114101,344],{"class":114},[68,114103,9338],{"class":78},[68,114105,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114107,17535],{"class":106},[68,114109,236],{"class":78},[68,114111,30499],{"class":138},[68,114113,466],{"class":78},[68,114115,344],{"class":114},[68,114117,13142],{"class":118},[68,114119,344],{"class":114},[68,114121,472],{"class":78},[68,114123,115],{"class":114},[68,114125,17488],{"class":118},[68,114127,344],{"class":114},[68,114129,3933],{"class":78},[68,114131,114132],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114133,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114135,114136,114138,114140,114142],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114137,129],{"class":128},[68,114139,79],{"class":78},[68,114141,17535],{"class":138},[68,114143,85],{"class":78},[68,114145,114146],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114147,114148],{"class":3708},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114150,21012,114151,114153],{},[15,114152,111049],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[93,114155,303],{"id":302},[20,114157,7255],{},[59,114159,114161],{"className":61,"code":114160,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114162,114163],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114164,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114166,15698],{"class":106},[68,114168,236],{"class":78},[68,114170,30499],{"class":138},[68,114172,79],{"class":78},[68,114174,3766],{"class":138},[68,114176,85],{"class":78},[20,114178,80216],{},[33,114180,114181,114184,114187,114190,114193],{},[36,114182,114183],{},"A list",[36,114185,114186],{},"A tuple",[36,114188,114189],{},"Another set",[36,114191,114192],{},"A string",[36,114194,114195],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114197,114198],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[59,114200,114202],{"className":61,"code":114201,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114203,114204],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114205,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114207,15698],{"class":106},[68,114209,236],{"class":78},[68,114211,30499],{"class":138},[68,114213,79],{"class":78},[68,114215,49],{"class":138},[68,114217,472],{"class":78},[68,114219,2623],{"class":138},[68,114221,472],{"class":78},[68,114223,9711],{"class":138},[68,114225,85],{"class":78},[20,114227,326],{},[59,114229,114231],{"className":61,"code":114230,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114232,114233,114245,114279,114283,114293],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114234,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114236,3869],{"class":106},[68,114238,111],{"class":110},[68,114240,1221],{"class":78},[68,114242,469],{"class":160},[68,114244,9338],{"class":78},[68,114246,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114248,5401],{"class":106},[68,114250,236],{"class":78},[68,114252,30499],{"class":138},[68,114254,466],{"class":78},[68,114256,2129],{"class":160},[68,114258,472],{"class":78},[68,114260,480],{"class":160},[68,114262,18095],{"class":78},[68,114264,9266],{"class":78},[68,114266,2568],{"class":160},[68,114268,472],{"class":78},[68,114270,4650],{"class":160},[68,114272,9263],{"class":78},[68,114274,1221],{"class":78},[68,114276,80607],{"class":160},[68,114278,1240],{"class":78},[68,114280,114281],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114282,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114284,114285,114287,114289,114291],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114286,129],{"class":128},[68,114288,79],{"class":78},[68,114290,5401],{"class":138},[68,114292,85],{"class":78},[68,114294,114295],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114296,114297],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114299,96340,114300,236],{},[49,114301,96348],{"href":97899},[93,114303,22005],{"id":22004},[20,114305,114306,1541,114308,236],{},[15,114307,97330],{},[15,114309,3824],{},[20,114311,11746],{},[59,114313,114315],{"className":61,"code":114314,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114316,114317,114333,114355,114359,114369],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114318,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114320,3663],{"class":106},[68,114322,111],{"class":110},[68,114324,1221],{"class":78},[68,114326,469],{"class":160},[68,114328,472],{"class":78},[68,114330,475],{"class":160},[68,114332,9338],{"class":78},[68,114334,114335,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349,114351,114353],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114336,2297],{"class":106},[68,114338,111],{"class":110},[68,114340,4308],{"class":106},[68,114342,236],{"class":78},[68,114344,30499],{"class":138},[68,114346,466],{"class":78},[68,114348,2135],{"class":160},[68,114350,472],{"class":78},[68,114352,2521],{"class":160},[68,114354,3933],{"class":78},[68,114356,114357],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114358,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114360,114361,114363,114365,114367],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114362,129],{"class":128},[68,114364,79],{"class":78},[68,114366,2331],{"class":138},[68,114368,85],{"class":78},[68,114370,114371],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114372,61848],{"class":3708},[20,114374,114375,114376,236],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114377,2331],{},[20,114379,19002],{},[59,114381,114383],{"className":61,"code":114382,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114384,114385,114401,114419,114423,114433],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114386,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114388,3663],{"class":106},[68,114390,111],{"class":110},[68,114392,1221],{"class":78},[68,114394,469],{"class":160},[68,114396,472],{"class":78},[68,114398,475],{"class":160},[68,114400,9338],{"class":78},[68,114402,114403,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114404,3693],{"class":106},[68,114406,236],{"class":78},[68,114408,30499],{"class":138},[68,114410,466],{"class":78},[68,114412,2135],{"class":160},[68,114414,472],{"class":78},[68,114416,2521],{"class":160},[68,114418,3933],{"class":78},[68,114420,114421],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114422,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114426,129],{"class":128},[68,114428,79],{"class":78},[68,114430,3693],{"class":138},[68,114432,85],{"class":78},[68,114434,114435],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114436,114045],{"class":3708},[93,114438,114440],{"id":114439},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114442,114443,114444,236],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114445,14985],{},[59,114447,114449],{"className":61,"code":114448,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114450,114451,114467,114493,114497,114507],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114452,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114454,3663],{"class":106},[68,114456,111],{"class":110},[68,114458,1221],{"class":78},[68,114460,469],{"class":160},[68,114462,472],{"class":78},[68,114464,475],{"class":160},[68,114466,9338],{"class":78},[68,114468,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114470,3693],{"class":106},[68,114472,236],{"class":78},[68,114474,30499],{"class":138},[68,114476,466],{"class":78},[68,114478,2129],{"class":160},[68,114480,472],{"class":78},[68,114482,480],{"class":160},[68,114484,472],{"class":78},[68,114486,2521],{"class":160},[68,114488,472],{"class":78},[68,114490,2521],{"class":160},[68,114492,3933],{"class":78},[68,114494,114495],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114496,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114498,114499,114501,114503,114505],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114500,129],{"class":128},[68,114502,79],{"class":78},[68,114504,3693],{"class":138},[68,114506,85],{"class":78},[68,114508,114509],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114510,114045],{"class":3708},[20,114512,11715],{},[33,114514,114515,114520,114527],{},[36,114516,114517,114519],{},[15,114518,2129],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,114521,114522,232,114524,114526],{},[15,114523,2135],{},[15,114525,2568],{}," are added",[36,114528,114529,114530,114532],{},"The second ",[15,114531,2568],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114534,114535,114536,114539],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[49,114537,114538],{"href":99093},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[93,114541,114543],{"id":114542},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114545,7800,114546,114548],{},[15,114547,14985],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[59,114550,114552],{"className":61,"code":114551,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114553,114554,114575,114596,114600,114616,114620,114630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114555,114556,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114557,114558],{"class":106},"set_a ",[68,114560,111],{"class":110},[68,114562,1221],{"class":78},[68,114564,469],{"class":160},[68,114566,472],{"class":78},[68,114568,475],{"class":160},[68,114570,472],{"class":78},[68,114572,480],{"class":160},[68,114574,9338],{"class":78},[68,114576,114577,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114578,114579],{"class":106},"set_b ",[68,114581,111],{"class":110},[68,114583,1221],{"class":78},[68,114585,2135],{"class":160},[68,114587,472],{"class":78},[68,114589,2521],{"class":160},[68,114591,472],{"class":78},[68,114593,4650],{"class":160},[68,114595,9338],{"class":78},[68,114597,114598],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114599,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114601,114602,114605,114607,114609,114611,114614],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114603,114604],{"class":106},"set_a",[68,114606,236],{"class":78},[68,114608,30499],{"class":138},[68,114610,79],{"class":78},[68,114612,114613],{"class":138},"set_b",[68,114615,85],{"class":78},[68,114617,114618],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114619,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114621,114622,114624,114626,114628],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,114623,129],{"class":128},[68,114625,79],{"class":78},[68,114627,114604],{"class":138},[68,114629,85],{"class":78},[68,114631,114632],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,114633,112006],{"class":3708},[20,114635,114636],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114638,114639,114640,236],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[49,114641,114642],{"href":102812},[15,114643,108058],{},[59,114645,114647],{"className":61,"code":114646,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114648,114649,114669,114689,114693,114713,114717,114728,114732,114742],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114650,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665,114667],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114652,114558],{"class":106},[68,114654,111],{"class":110},[68,114656,1221],{"class":78},[68,114658,469],{"class":160},[68,114660,472],{"class":78},[68,114662,475],{"class":160},[68,114664,472],{"class":78},[68,114666,480],{"class":160},[68,114668,9338],{"class":78},[68,114670,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683,114685,114687],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114672,114579],{"class":106},[68,114674,111],{"class":110},[68,114676,1221],{"class":78},[68,114678,2135],{"class":160},[68,114680,472],{"class":78},[68,114682,2521],{"class":160},[68,114684,472],{"class":78},[68,114686,4650],{"class":160},[68,114688,9338],{"class":78},[68,114690,114691],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114692,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114694,114695,114698,114700,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114696,114697],{"class":106},"combined ",[68,114699,111],{"class":110},[68,114701,114702],{"class":106}," set_a",[68,114704,236],{"class":78},[68,114706,111284],{"class":138},[68,114708,79],{"class":78},[68,114710,114613],{"class":138},[68,114712,85],{"class":78},[68,114714,114715],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114716,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114718,114719,114721,114723,114726],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,114720,129],{"class":128},[68,114722,79],{"class":78},[68,114724,114725],{"class":138},"combined",[68,114727,85],{"class":78},[68,114729,114730],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,114731,112006],{"class":3708},[68,114733,114734,114736,114738,114740],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,114735,129],{"class":128},[68,114737,79],{"class":78},[68,114739,114604],{"class":138},[68,114741,85],{"class":78},[68,114743,114744],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,114745,114746],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[93,114748,114750],{"id":114749},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114752,64754,114753,114755],{},[15,114754,14985],{}," adds each character separately.",[59,114757,114759],{"className":61,"code":114758,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114760,114761,114777,114795,114799,114809],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114762,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114764,36122],{"class":106},[68,114766,111],{"class":110},[68,114768,1221],{"class":78},[68,114770,344],{"class":114},[68,114772,2245],{"class":118},[68,114774,344],{"class":114},[68,114776,9338],{"class":78},[68,114778,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114780,36175],{"class":106},[68,114782,236],{"class":78},[68,114784,30499],{"class":138},[68,114786,79],{"class":78},[68,114788,344],{"class":114},[68,114790,37080],{"class":118},[68,114792,344],{"class":114},[68,114794,85],{"class":78},[68,114796,114797],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114798,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114802,129],{"class":128},[68,114804,79],{"class":78},[68,114806,36175],{"class":138},[68,114808,85],{"class":78},[68,114810,114811],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114812,114813],{"class":3708},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114815,114816],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114818,114819,14086,114822,114824,114825,114827],{},[15,114820,114821],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1301,114823,1303],{}," add ",[15,114826,113051],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,114829,114830,114834,114838],{},[36,114831,114832],{},[15,114833,66496],{},[36,114835,114836],{},[15,114837,18129],{},[36,114839,114840],{},[15,114841,113067],{},[20,114843,114844,114845,503],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[49,114846,114847],{"href":98516},[15,114848,96224],{},[59,114850,114852],{"className":61,"code":114851,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114853,114854,114870,114888,114892,114902],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114855,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114857,4114],{"class":106},[68,114859,111],{"class":110},[68,114861,1221],{"class":78},[68,114863,344],{"class":114},[68,114865,58143],{"class":118},[68,114867,344],{"class":114},[68,114869,9338],{"class":78},[68,114871,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114873,4158],{"class":106},[68,114875,236],{"class":78},[68,114877,82119],{"class":138},[68,114879,79],{"class":78},[68,114881,344],{"class":114},[68,114883,37080],{"class":118},[68,114885,344],{"class":114},[68,114887,85],{"class":78},[68,114889,114890],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114891,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114893,114894,114896,114898,114900],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114895,129],{"class":128},[68,114897,79],{"class":78},[68,114899,4158],{"class":138},[68,114901,85],{"class":78},[68,114903,114904],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114905,114906],{"class":3708},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[93,114908,114910,969,114912],{"id":114909},"update-vs-add",[15,114911,14985],{},[15,114913,96219],{},[20,114915,114916],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,114918,114919,114923],{},[36,114920,114921,96818],{},[15,114922,96219],{},[36,114924,114925,96823],{},[15,114926,14985],{},[20,114928,46063,114929,503],{},[15,114930,96219],{},[59,114932,114934],{"className":61,"code":114933,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114935,114936,114952,114970,114974,114984],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114937,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,114939,36271],{"class":106},[68,114941,111],{"class":110},[68,114943,1221],{"class":78},[68,114945,344],{"class":114},[68,114947,4123],{"class":118},[68,114949,344],{"class":114},[68,114951,9338],{"class":78},[68,114953,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,114955,36323],{"class":106},[68,114957,236],{"class":78},[68,114959,82119],{"class":138},[68,114961,79],{"class":78},[68,114963,344],{"class":114},[68,114965,4132],{"class":118},[68,114967,344],{"class":114},[68,114969,85],{"class":78},[68,114971,114972],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,114973,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,114975,114976,114978,114980,114982],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,114977,129],{"class":128},[68,114979,79],{"class":78},[68,114981,36323],{"class":138},[68,114983,85],{"class":78},[68,114985,114986],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,114987,114988],{"class":3708},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114990,46063,114991,503],{},[15,114992,14985],{},[59,114994,114996],{"className":61,"code":114995,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114997,114998,115014,115040,115044,115054],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,114999,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115001,36271],{"class":106},[68,115003,111],{"class":110},[68,115005,1221],{"class":78},[68,115007,344],{"class":114},[68,115009,4123],{"class":118},[68,115011,344],{"class":114},[68,115013,9338],{"class":78},[68,115015,115016,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115017,36323],{"class":106},[68,115019,236],{"class":78},[68,115021,30499],{"class":138},[68,115023,466],{"class":78},[68,115025,344],{"class":114},[68,115027,4132],{"class":118},[68,115029,344],{"class":114},[68,115031,472],{"class":78},[68,115033,115],{"class":114},[68,115035,33254],{"class":118},[68,115037,344],{"class":114},[68,115039,3933],{"class":78},[68,115041,115042],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115043,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115045,115046,115048,115050,115052],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115047,129],{"class":128},[68,115049,79],{"class":78},[68,115051,36323],{"class":138},[68,115053,85],{"class":78},[68,115055,115056],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115057,115058],{"class":3708},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115060,115061],{},"Important warning with strings:",[59,115063,115065],{"className":61,"code":115064,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115066,115067,115083,115101,115105,115115],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115068,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115070,36271],{"class":106},[68,115072,111],{"class":110},[68,115074,1221],{"class":78},[68,115076,344],{"class":114},[68,115078,4123],{"class":118},[68,115080,344],{"class":114},[68,115082,9338],{"class":78},[68,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115086,36323],{"class":106},[68,115088,236],{"class":78},[68,115090,30499],{"class":138},[68,115092,79],{"class":78},[68,115094,344],{"class":114},[68,115096,38375],{"class":118},[68,115098,344],{"class":114},[68,115100,85],{"class":78},[68,115102,115103],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115104,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115106,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115108,129],{"class":128},[68,115110,79],{"class":78},[68,115112,36323],{"class":138},[68,115114,85],{"class":78},[68,115116,115117],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115118,115119],{"class":3708},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115121,62123,115122,62196,115125,6670],{},[15,115123,115124],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115126,96219],{},[93,115128,115130,969,115132],{"id":115129},"update-vs-union",[15,115131,14985],{},[15,115133,102815],{},[20,115135,115136],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1470,115138,115139],{"id":30499},[15,115140,14985],{},[33,115142,115143,115146],{},[36,115144,115145],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,115147,11454,115148],{},[15,115149,3824],{},[59,115151,115153],{"className":61,"code":115152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115154,115155,115171,115187,115191,115205,115215],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115156,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115158,2618],{"class":106},[68,115160,111],{"class":110},[68,115162,1221],{"class":78},[68,115164,469],{"class":160},[68,115166,472],{"class":78},[68,115168,475],{"class":160},[68,115170,9338],{"class":78},[68,115172,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115174,2646],{"class":106},[68,115176,111],{"class":110},[68,115178,1221],{"class":78},[68,115180,2129],{"class":160},[68,115182,472],{"class":78},[68,115184,480],{"class":160},[68,115186,9338],{"class":78},[68,115188,115189],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115190,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115192,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115194,49],{"class":106},[68,115196,236],{"class":78},[68,115198,30499],{"class":138},[68,115200,79],{"class":78},[68,115202,4806],{"class":138},[68,115204,85],{"class":78},[68,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115208,129],{"class":128},[68,115210,79],{"class":78},[68,115212,49],{"class":138},[68,115214,85],{"class":78},[68,115216,115217],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,115218,114746],{"class":3708},[1470,115220,115221],{"id":111284},[15,115222,102815],{},[33,115224,115225,115227],{},[36,115226,101353],{},[36,115228,101356],{},[59,115230,115232],{"className":61,"code":115231,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115233,115234,115250,115266,115270,115288,115298,115302,115312],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115235,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115237,2618],{"class":106},[68,115239,111],{"class":110},[68,115241,1221],{"class":78},[68,115243,469],{"class":160},[68,115245,472],{"class":78},[68,115247,475],{"class":160},[68,115249,9338],{"class":78},[68,115251,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115253,2646],{"class":106},[68,115255,111],{"class":110},[68,115257,1221],{"class":78},[68,115259,2129],{"class":160},[68,115261,472],{"class":78},[68,115263,480],{"class":160},[68,115265,9338],{"class":78},[68,115267,115268],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115269,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115271,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115273,83199],{"class":106},[68,115275,111],{"class":110},[68,115277,56904],{"class":106},[68,115279,236],{"class":78},[68,115281,111284],{"class":138},[68,115283,79],{"class":78},[68,115285,4806],{"class":138},[68,115287,85],{"class":78},[68,115289,115290,115292,115294,115296],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115291,129],{"class":128},[68,115293,79],{"class":78},[68,115295,9769],{"class":138},[68,115297,85],{"class":78},[68,115299,115300],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,115301,114746],{"class":3708},[68,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,115305,129],{"class":128},[68,115307,79],{"class":78},[68,115309,49],{"class":138},[68,115311,85],{"class":78},[68,115313,115314],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,115315,115316],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115318,107700,115319,115321,115322,115326],{},[15,115320,14985],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[49,115323,115324],{"href":102812},[15,115325,102815],{}," when you want a new set.",[93,115328,115330],{"id":115329},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115332,10777,115333,236],{},[15,115334,97330],{},[1470,115336,115338],{"id":115337},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115340,115341],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[59,115343,115345],{"className":61,"code":115344,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115346,115347,115363,115385,115389,115399],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115348,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115350,15660],{"class":106},[68,115352,111],{"class":110},[68,115354,1221],{"class":78},[68,115356,469],{"class":160},[68,115358,472],{"class":78},[68,115360,475],{"class":160},[68,115362,9338],{"class":78},[68,115364,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115366,2297],{"class":106},[68,115368,111],{"class":110},[68,115370,96940],{"class":106},[68,115372,236],{"class":78},[68,115374,30499],{"class":138},[68,115376,466],{"class":78},[68,115378,2135],{"class":160},[68,115380,472],{"class":78},[68,115382,2521],{"class":160},[68,115384,3933],{"class":78},[68,115386,115387],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115388,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115390,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115392,129],{"class":128},[68,115394,79],{"class":78},[68,115396,2331],{"class":138},[68,115398,85],{"class":78},[68,115400,115401],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115402,61848],{"class":3708},[20,115404,115405,115406,503],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115407,14985],{},[59,115409,115411],{"className":61,"code":115410,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115412,115413,115429,115447,115451,115461],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115414,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115416,15660],{"class":106},[68,115418,111],{"class":110},[68,115420,1221],{"class":78},[68,115422,469],{"class":160},[68,115424,472],{"class":78},[68,115426,475],{"class":160},[68,115428,9338],{"class":78},[68,115430,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115432,15698],{"class":106},[68,115434,236],{"class":78},[68,115436,30499],{"class":138},[68,115438,466],{"class":78},[68,115440,2135],{"class":160},[68,115442,472],{"class":78},[68,115444,2521],{"class":160},[68,115446,3933],{"class":78},[68,115448,115449],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115450,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115454,129],{"class":128},[68,115456,79],{"class":78},[68,115458,15698],{"class":138},[68,115460,85],{"class":78},[68,115462,115463],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115464,114045],{"class":3708},[1470,115466,115468],{"id":115467},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115470,2899],{},[59,115472,115474],{"className":61,"code":115473,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115475,115476,115492],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115477,115478,115480,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115479,15660],{"class":106},[68,115481,111],{"class":110},[68,115483,1221],{"class":78},[68,115485,469],{"class":160},[68,115487,472],{"class":78},[68,115489,475],{"class":160},[68,115491,9338],{"class":78},[68,115493,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115495,15698],{"class":106},[68,115497,236],{"class":78},[68,115499,30499],{"class":138},[68,115501,79],{"class":78},[68,115503,1497],{"class":160},[68,115505,85],{"class":78},[20,115507,62302,115508,8635,115510,115512],{},[15,115509,3060],{},[15,115511,1497],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115514,6593],{},[59,115516,115518],{"className":61,"code":115517,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115519,115520,115536,115550,115554,115564],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115521,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115523,15660],{"class":106},[68,115525,111],{"class":110},[68,115527,1221],{"class":78},[68,115529,469],{"class":160},[68,115531,472],{"class":78},[68,115533,475],{"class":160},[68,115535,9338],{"class":78},[68,115537,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115539,15698],{"class":106},[68,115541,236],{"class":78},[68,115543,30499],{"class":138},[68,115545,466],{"class":78},[68,115547,1497],{"class":160},[68,115549,3933],{"class":78},[68,115551,115552],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115553,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115555,115556,115558,115560,115562],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115557,129],{"class":128},[68,115559,79],{"class":78},[68,115561,15698],{"class":138},[68,115563,85],{"class":78},[68,115565,115566],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115567,115568],{"class":3708},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115570,45936,115571,236],{},[49,115572,25713,115573],{"href":52615},[15,115574,115575],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1470,115577,115579],{"id":115578},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115581,115582],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[59,115584,115586],{"className":61,"code":115585,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115587,115588,115604,115630,115634,115644],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115589,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115591,15660],{"class":106},[68,115593,111],{"class":110},[68,115595,1221],{"class":78},[68,115597,469],{"class":160},[68,115599,472],{"class":78},[68,115601,475],{"class":160},[68,115603,9338],{"class":78},[68,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115607,15698],{"class":106},[68,115609,236],{"class":78},[68,115611,30499],{"class":138},[68,115613,466],{"class":78},[68,115615,2129],{"class":160},[68,115617,472],{"class":78},[68,115619,475],{"class":160},[68,115621,472],{"class":78},[68,115623,475],{"class":160},[68,115625,472],{"class":78},[68,115627,480],{"class":160},[68,115629,3933],{"class":78},[68,115631,115632],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115633,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115635,115636,115638,115640,115642],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115637,129],{"class":128},[68,115639,79],{"class":78},[68,115641,15698],{"class":138},[68,115643,85],{"class":78},[68,115645,115646],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115647,114746],{"class":3708},[1470,115649,115651,115652,1784,115654,115656],{"id":115650},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115653,14985],{},[15,115655,96219],{}," is better",[20,115658,115659,115660,115662],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115661,96219],{}," is usually the better choice.",[59,115664,115666],{"className":61,"code":115665,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115667,115668,115684,115702,115706,115716],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115669,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115671,15660],{"class":106},[68,115673,111],{"class":110},[68,115675,1221],{"class":78},[68,115677,344],{"class":114},[68,115679,58143],{"class":118},[68,115681,344],{"class":114},[68,115683,9338],{"class":78},[68,115685,115686,115688,115690,115692,115694,115696,115698,115700],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115687,15698],{"class":106},[68,115689,236],{"class":78},[68,115691,82119],{"class":138},[68,115693,79],{"class":78},[68,115695,344],{"class":114},[68,115697,37080],{"class":118},[68,115699,344],{"class":114},[68,115701,85],{"class":78},[68,115703,115704],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115705,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115707,115708,115710,115712,115714],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115709,129],{"class":128},[68,115711,79],{"class":78},[68,115713,15698],{"class":138},[68,115715,85],{"class":78},[68,115717,115718],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115719,114906],{"class":3708},[93,115721,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,115723,12736,115725,97309],{"id":115724},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115726,97330],{},[20,115728,97312,115729,236],{},[15,115730,3824],{},[1470,115732,28363,115733,32260],{"id":32257},[15,115734,14985],{},[20,115736,115737],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1470,115739,5221,115741,232,115743,1906],{"id":115740},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115742,96219],{},[15,115744,14985],{},[20,115746,115747,115749,115750,115752],{},[15,115748,96219],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115751,14985],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1470,115754,115756],{"id":115755},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115758,115759,115760,114755],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115761,14985],{},[1470,115763,115765],{"id":115764},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115767,224,115768,1776,115770,236],{},[15,115769,102815],{},[15,115771,14985],{},[93,115773,1952],{"id":1951},[33,115775,115776,115783,115790,115796,115802],{},[36,115777,115778],{},[49,115779,115780],{"href":98516},[15,115781,115782],{},"Python set add() method",[36,115784,115785],{},[49,115786,115787],{"href":102812},[15,115788,115789],{},"Python set union() method",[36,115791,115792],{},[49,115793,115794],{"href":97899},[15,115795,97354],{},[36,115797,115798],{},[49,115799,115800],{"href":99093},[15,115801,100360],{},[36,115803,115804],{},[49,115805,115806,115808],{"href":52615},[15,115807,115575],{}," fix",[20,115810,115811,115812,115814,115815,115817],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115813,96224],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115816,108058],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1995,115819,115820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":115822},[115823,115824,115826,115827,115828,115829,115830,115831,115833,115838,115845,115854],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":114053,"depth":125,"text":115825},"What set.update() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":22004,"depth":125,"text":22005},{"id":114439,"depth":125,"text":114440},{"id":114542,"depth":125,"text":114543},{"id":114749,"depth":125,"text":114750},{"id":114909,"depth":125,"text":115832},"update() vs add()",{"id":115129,"depth":125,"text":115834,"children":115835},"update() vs union()",[115836,115837],{"id":30499,"depth":145,"text":14985},{"id":111284,"depth":145,"text":102815},{"id":115329,"depth":125,"text":115330,"children":115839},[115840,115841,115842,115843],{"id":115337,"depth":145,"text":115338},{"id":115467,"depth":145,"text":115468},{"id":115578,"depth":145,"text":115579},{"id":115650,"depth":145,"text":115844},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":115846},[115847,115849,115850,115852,115853],{"id":115724,"depth":145,"text":115848},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32257,"depth":145,"text":32330},{"id":115740,"depth":145,"text":115851},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115755,"depth":145,"text":115756},{"id":115764,"depth":145,"text":115765},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113965,"description":115855},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115861,"title":115862,"body":115863,"description":117629,"extension":2033,"meta":117630,"navigation":148,"path":13822,"seo":117631,"stem":117632,"__hash__":117633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115864,"toc":117604},[115865,115868,115871,115874,115885,115893,115896,115898,116047,116059,116063,116080,116084,116092,116094,116105,116107,116204,116210,116213,116309,116318,116323,116327,116332,116334,116344,116346,116455,116463,116467,116470,116473,116490,116496,116576,116579,116583,116586,116590,116593,116652,116655,116659,116662,116754,116758,116761,116868,116872,116878,116906,116908,116990,117000,117004,117007,117018,117021,117106,117109,117114,117118,117121,117132,117135,117277,117280,117284,117287,117301,117304,117365,117371,117373,117376,117398,117401,117501,117504,117536,117538,117542,117545,117547,117550,117554,117557,117561,117564,117568,117571,117573,117601],[10,115866,115862],{"id":115867},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115869,115870],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115872,115873],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,115875,115876,115879,115882],{},[36,115877,115878],{},"a list inside another list",[36,115880,115881],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,115883,115884],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115886,100282,115887,232,115889,115892],{},[1301,115888,12883],{},[1301,115890,115891],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115894,115895],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[93,115897,2075],{"id":2074},[59,115899,115901],{"className":61,"code":115900,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115902,115903,115910,115914,115940,115960,115980,115984,116002,116006,116019,116033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,115904,115905,115907],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,115906,35121],{"class":1098},[68,115908,115909],{"class":106}," copy\n",[68,115911,115912],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,115913,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,115917,12118],{"class":106},[68,115919,111],{"class":110},[68,115921,56310],{"class":78},[68,115923,469],{"class":160},[68,115925,472],{"class":78},[68,115927,475],{"class":160},[68,115929,18095],{"class":78},[68,115931,725],{"class":78},[68,115933,2135],{"class":160},[68,115935,472],{"class":78},[68,115937,2521],{"class":160},[68,115939,53258],{"class":78},[68,115941,115942,115945,115947,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,115943,115944],{"class":106},"shallow ",[68,115946,111],{"class":110},[68,115948,115949],{"class":106}," copy",[68,115951,236],{"class":78},[68,115953,12944],{"class":138},[68,115955,79],{"class":78},[68,115957,12165],{"class":138},[68,115959,85],{"class":78},[68,115961,115962,115965,115967,115969,115971,115974,115976,115978],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,115963,115964],{"class":106},"deep ",[68,115966,111],{"class":110},[68,115968,115949],{"class":106},[68,115970,236],{"class":78},[68,115972,115973],{"class":138},"deepcopy",[68,115975,79],{"class":78},[68,115977,12165],{"class":138},[68,115979,85],{"class":78},[68,115981,115982],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,115983,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,115985,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998,116000],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,115987,12165],{"class":106},[68,115989,795],{"class":78},[68,115991,2192],{"class":160},[68,115993,13582],{"class":78},[68,115995,13585],{"class":138},[68,115997,79],{"class":78},[68,115999,56363],{"class":160},[68,116001,85],{"class":78},[68,116003,116004],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,116005,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116007,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,116009,129],{"class":128},[68,116011,79],{"class":78},[68,116013,12165],{"class":138},[68,116015,1701],{"class":78},[68,116017,116018],{"class":3708},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[68,116020,116021,116023,116025,116028,116030],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,116022,129],{"class":128},[68,116024,79],{"class":78},[68,116026,116027],{"class":138},"shallow",[68,116029,1701],{"class":78},[68,116031,116032],{"class":3708},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[68,116034,116035,116037,116039,116042,116044],{"class":70,"line":11626},[68,116036,129],{"class":128},[68,116038,79],{"class":78},[68,116040,116041],{"class":138},"deep",[68,116043,1701],{"class":78},[68,116045,116046],{"class":3708},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116048,224,116049,116052,116053,232,116055,116058],{},[15,116050,116051],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1301,116054,12883],{},[15,116056,116057],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[93,116060,116062],{"id":116061},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,116064,116065,116068,116071,116074,116077],{},[36,116066,116067],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,116069,116070],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,116072,116073],{},"How deep copy works",[36,116075,116076],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,116078,116079],{},"When to use each approach",[93,116081,116083],{"id":116082},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116085,15220,116086,116088,116089,116091],{},[1301,116087,12883],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1301,116090,1303],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116093,2179],{},[33,116095,116096,116099,116102],{},[36,116097,116098],{},"the outer container is new",[36,116100,116101],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,116103,116104],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116106,326],{},[59,116108,116110],{"className":61,"code":116109,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116111,116112,116138,116152,116156,116174,116178,116191],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116113,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116115,12118],{"class":106},[68,116117,111],{"class":110},[68,116119,56310],{"class":78},[68,116121,469],{"class":160},[68,116123,472],{"class":78},[68,116125,475],{"class":160},[68,116127,18095],{"class":78},[68,116129,725],{"class":78},[68,116131,2135],{"class":160},[68,116133,472],{"class":78},[68,116135,2521],{"class":160},[68,116137,53258],{"class":78},[68,116139,116140,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116141,14344],{"class":106},[68,116143,111],{"class":110},[68,116145,12193],{"class":106},[68,116147,236],{"class":78},[68,116149,12944],{"class":138},[68,116151,8677],{"class":78},[68,116153,116154],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116155,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116157,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116159,14363],{"class":106},[68,116161,236],{"class":78},[68,116163,13585],{"class":138},[68,116165,466],{"class":78},[68,116167,1497],{"class":160},[68,116169,472],{"class":78},[68,116171,37677],{"class":160},[68,116173,3933],{"class":78},[68,116175,116176],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116177,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116179,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116181,129],{"class":128},[68,116183,79],{"class":78},[68,116185,12165],{"class":138},[68,116187,1701],{"class":78},[68,116189,116190],{"class":3708},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[68,116192,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116194,129],{"class":128},[68,116196,79],{"class":78},[68,116198,14363],{"class":138},[68,116200,1701],{"class":78},[68,116202,116203],{"class":3708},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116205,116206,116207,116209],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116208,14363],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116211,116212],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[59,116214,116216],{"className":61,"code":116215,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116217,116218,116244,116258,116262,116280,116284,116296],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116221,12118],{"class":106},[68,116223,111],{"class":110},[68,116225,56310],{"class":78},[68,116227,469],{"class":160},[68,116229,472],{"class":78},[68,116231,475],{"class":160},[68,116233,18095],{"class":78},[68,116235,725],{"class":78},[68,116237,2135],{"class":160},[68,116239,472],{"class":78},[68,116241,2521],{"class":160},[68,116243,53258],{"class":78},[68,116245,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116247,14344],{"class":106},[68,116249,111],{"class":110},[68,116251,12193],{"class":106},[68,116253,236],{"class":78},[68,116255,12944],{"class":138},[68,116257,8677],{"class":78},[68,116259,116260],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116261,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116263,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116265,14363],{"class":106},[68,116267,795],{"class":78},[68,116269,2192],{"class":160},[68,116271,13582],{"class":78},[68,116273,13585],{"class":138},[68,116275,79],{"class":78},[68,116277,56363],{"class":160},[68,116279,85],{"class":78},[68,116281,116282],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116283,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116285,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116287,129],{"class":128},[68,116289,79],{"class":78},[68,116291,12165],{"class":138},[68,116293,1701],{"class":78},[68,116295,116018],{"class":3708},[68,116297,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116299,129],{"class":128},[68,116301,79],{"class":78},[68,116303,14363],{"class":138},[68,116305,1701],{"class":78},[68,116307,116308],{"class":3708},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116310,116311,116312,232,116314,116317],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116313,56467],{},[15,116315,116316],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116319,116320,116321,236],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[49,116322,43965],{"href":12097},[93,116324,116326],{"id":116325},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116328,15220,116329,116331],{},[1301,116330,115891],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116333,2179],{},[33,116335,116336,116338,116341],{},[36,116337,116098],{},[36,116339,116340],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,116342,116343],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116345,326],{},[59,116347,116349],{"className":61,"code":116348,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116350,116351,116357,116361,116387,116405,116409,116427,116431,116443],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116352,116353,116355],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116354,35121],{"class":1098},[68,116356,115909],{"class":106},[68,116358,116359],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116360,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116362,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116364,12118],{"class":106},[68,116366,111],{"class":110},[68,116368,56310],{"class":78},[68,116370,469],{"class":160},[68,116372,472],{"class":78},[68,116374,475],{"class":160},[68,116376,18095],{"class":78},[68,116378,725],{"class":78},[68,116380,2135],{"class":160},[68,116382,472],{"class":78},[68,116384,2521],{"class":160},[68,116386,53258],{"class":78},[68,116388,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116390,14344],{"class":106},[68,116392,111],{"class":110},[68,116394,115949],{"class":106},[68,116396,236],{"class":78},[68,116398,115973],{"class":138},[68,116400,79],{"class":78},[68,116402,12165],{"class":138},[68,116404,85],{"class":78},[68,116406,116407],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116408,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116410,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116412,14363],{"class":106},[68,116414,795],{"class":78},[68,116416,2192],{"class":160},[68,116418,13582],{"class":78},[68,116420,13585],{"class":138},[68,116422,79],{"class":78},[68,116424,56363],{"class":160},[68,116426,85],{"class":78},[68,116428,116429],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116430,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116432,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,116434,129],{"class":128},[68,116436,79],{"class":78},[68,116438,12165],{"class":138},[68,116440,1701],{"class":78},[68,116442,116190],{"class":3708},[68,116444,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,116446,129],{"class":128},[68,116448,79],{"class":78},[68,116450,14363],{"class":138},[68,116452,1701],{"class":78},[68,116454,116308],{"class":3708},[20,116456,116457,116458,116460,116461,236],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116459,116316],{}," does not change ",[15,116462,56467],{},[93,116464,116466],{"id":116465},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116468,116469],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116471,116472],{},"Common reasons:",[33,116474,116475,116478,116481,116487],{},[36,116476,116477],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,116479,116480],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,116482,116483,116484,116486],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116485,111],{}," does not make a copy",[36,116488,116489],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116491,116492,116493,116495],{},"For example, this does ",[1301,116494,1303],{}," create a copy:",[59,116497,116499],{"className":61,"code":116498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116500,116501,116521,116529,116533,116547,116551,116563],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116502,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116504,12118],{"class":106},[68,116506,111],{"class":110},[68,116508,725],{"class":78},[68,116510,469],{"class":160},[68,116512,472],{"class":78},[68,116514,475],{"class":160},[68,116516,472],{"class":78},[68,116518,480],{"class":160},[68,116520,730],{"class":78},[68,116522,116523,116525,116527],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116524,14344],{"class":106},[68,116526,111],{"class":110},[68,116528,12156],{"class":106},[68,116530,116531],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116532,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116534,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116536,14363],{"class":106},[68,116538,236],{"class":78},[68,116540,13585],{"class":138},[68,116542,79],{"class":78},[68,116544,2568],{"class":160},[68,116546,85],{"class":78},[68,116548,116549],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116550,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116552,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116554,129],{"class":128},[68,116556,79],{"class":78},[68,116558,12165],{"class":138},[68,116560,1701],{"class":78},[68,116562,55717],{"class":3708},[68,116564,116565,116567,116569,116571,116573],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116566,129],{"class":128},[68,116568,79],{"class":78},[68,116570,14363],{"class":138},[68,116572,1701],{"class":78},[68,116574,116575],{"class":3708},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116577,116578],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[93,116580,116582],{"id":116581},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116584,116585],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1470,116587,116589],{"id":116588},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116591,116592],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[59,116594,116596],{"className":61,"code":116595,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116597,116598,116624,116632,116636],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116601,12118],{"class":106},[68,116603,111],{"class":110},[68,116605,56310],{"class":78},[68,116607,469],{"class":160},[68,116609,472],{"class":78},[68,116611,475],{"class":160},[68,116613,18095],{"class":78},[68,116615,725],{"class":78},[68,116617,2135],{"class":160},[68,116619,472],{"class":78},[68,116621,2521],{"class":160},[68,116623,53258],{"class":78},[68,116625,116626,116628,116630],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116627,14135],{"class":106},[68,116629,111],{"class":110},[68,116631,12156],{"class":106},[68,116633,116634],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116635,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116639,129],{"class":128},[68,116641,79],{"class":78},[68,116643,12118],{"class":138},[68,116645,12226],{"class":1098},[68,116647,14203],{"class":138},[68,116649,1701],{"class":78},[68,116651,3709],{"class":3708},[20,116653,116654],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1470,116656,116658],{"id":116657},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116660,116661],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[59,116663,116665],{"className":61,"code":116664,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116666,116667,116693,116707,116711,116728],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116668,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116670,12118],{"class":106},[68,116672,111],{"class":110},[68,116674,56310],{"class":78},[68,116676,469],{"class":160},[68,116678,472],{"class":78},[68,116680,475],{"class":160},[68,116682,18095],{"class":78},[68,116684,725],{"class":78},[68,116686,2135],{"class":160},[68,116688,472],{"class":78},[68,116690,2521],{"class":160},[68,116692,53258],{"class":78},[68,116694,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116696,115944],{"class":106},[68,116698,111],{"class":110},[68,116700,12193],{"class":106},[68,116702,236],{"class":78},[68,116704,12944],{"class":138},[68,116706,8677],{"class":78},[68,116708,116709],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116710,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116724,116726],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116714,129],{"class":128},[68,116716,79],{"class":78},[68,116718,12118],{"class":138},[68,116720,12226],{"class":1098},[68,116722,116723],{"class":138}," shallow",[68,116725,1701],{"class":78},[68,116727,21235],{"class":3708},[68,116729,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116731,129],{"class":128},[68,116733,79],{"class":78},[68,116735,12165],{"class":138},[68,116737,795],{"class":78},[68,116739,2192],{"class":160},[68,116741,800],{"class":78},[68,116743,8133],{"class":1098},[68,116745,116723],{"class":138},[68,116747,795],{"class":78},[68,116749,2192],{"class":160},[68,116751,20480],{"class":78},[68,116753,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,116755,116757],{"id":116756},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116759,116760],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[59,116762,116764],{"className":61,"code":116763,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116765,116766,116772,116776,116802,116820,116824,116842],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116767,116768,116770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116769,35121],{"class":1098},[68,116771,115909],{"class":106},[68,116773,116774],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116775,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116777,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116779,12118],{"class":106},[68,116781,111],{"class":110},[68,116783,56310],{"class":78},[68,116785,469],{"class":160},[68,116787,472],{"class":78},[68,116789,475],{"class":160},[68,116791,18095],{"class":78},[68,116793,725],{"class":78},[68,116795,2135],{"class":160},[68,116797,472],{"class":78},[68,116799,2521],{"class":160},[68,116801,53258],{"class":78},[68,116803,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116805,115964],{"class":106},[68,116807,111],{"class":110},[68,116809,115949],{"class":106},[68,116811,236],{"class":78},[68,116813,115973],{"class":138},[68,116815,79],{"class":78},[68,116817,12165],{"class":138},[68,116819,85],{"class":78},[68,116821,116822],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116823,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116825,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116837,116839],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116827,129],{"class":128},[68,116829,79],{"class":78},[68,116831,12118],{"class":138},[68,116833,12226],{"class":1098},[68,116835,116836],{"class":138}," deep",[68,116838,1701],{"class":78},[68,116840,116841],{"class":3708},"         # False\n",[68,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116845,129],{"class":128},[68,116847,79],{"class":78},[68,116849,12165],{"class":138},[68,116851,795],{"class":78},[68,116853,2192],{"class":160},[68,116855,800],{"class":78},[68,116857,8133],{"class":1098},[68,116859,116836],{"class":138},[68,116861,795],{"class":78},[68,116863,2192],{"class":160},[68,116865,20480],{"class":78},[68,116867,43901],{"class":3708},[93,116869,116871],{"id":116870},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116873,116874,116875,503],{},"These all make ",[1301,116876,116877],{},"shallow copies",[33,116879,116880,116884,116888,116893,116899],{},[36,116881,116882],{},[15,116883,55617],{},[36,116885,116886],{},[15,116887,12467],{},[36,116889,116890],{},[15,116891,116892],{},"set.copy()",[36,116894,116895,116896],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116897,116898],{},"my_list[:]",[36,116900,116901,116903,116904,35111],{},[15,116902,116051],{}," from the ",[15,116905,12944],{},[20,116907,2198],{},[59,116909,116911],{"className":61,"code":116910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116912,116913,116933,116937,116951,116962,116966,116978],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,116914,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,116916,3663],{"class":106},[68,116918,111],{"class":110},[68,116920,725],{"class":78},[68,116922,469],{"class":160},[68,116924,472],{"class":78},[68,116926,475],{"class":160},[68,116928,472],{"class":78},[68,116930,480],{"class":160},[68,116932,730],{"class":78},[68,116934,116935],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,116936,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116938,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,116940,2618],{"class":106},[68,116942,111],{"class":110},[68,116944,4308],{"class":106},[68,116946,236],{"class":78},[68,116948,12944],{"class":138},[68,116950,8677],{"class":78},[68,116952,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,116954,2646],{"class":106},[68,116956,111],{"class":110},[68,116958,4308],{"class":106},[68,116960,116961],{"class":78},"[:]\n",[68,116963,116964],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,116965,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,116967,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,116969,129],{"class":128},[68,116971,79],{"class":78},[68,116973,49],{"class":138},[68,116975,1701],{"class":78},[68,116977,54948],{"class":3708},[68,116979,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,116981,129],{"class":128},[68,116983,79],{"class":78},[68,116985,4806],{"class":138},[68,116987,1701],{"class":78},[68,116989,54948],{"class":3708},[20,116991,73154,116992,47554,116996,236],{},[49,116993,116994,10770],{"href":54976},[15,116995,55617],{},[49,116997,116998,10770],{"href":12464},[15,116999,12467],{},[93,117001,117003],{"id":117002},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117005,117006],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,117008,117009,117012,117015],{},[36,117010,117011],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,117013,117014],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,117016,117017],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117019,117020],{},"Example with a flat list:",[59,117022,117024],{"className":61,"code":117023,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117025,117026,117046,117060,117064,117078,117082,117094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117029,12118],{"class":106},[68,117031,111],{"class":110},[68,117033,725],{"class":78},[68,117035,469],{"class":160},[68,117037,472],{"class":78},[68,117039,475],{"class":160},[68,117041,472],{"class":78},[68,117043,480],{"class":160},[68,117045,730],{"class":78},[68,117047,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117049,14344],{"class":106},[68,117051,111],{"class":110},[68,117053,12193],{"class":106},[68,117055,236],{"class":78},[68,117057,12944],{"class":138},[68,117059,8677],{"class":78},[68,117061,117062],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117063,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117067,14363],{"class":106},[68,117069,236],{"class":78},[68,117071,13585],{"class":138},[68,117073,79],{"class":78},[68,117075,2568],{"class":160},[68,117077,85],{"class":78},[68,117079,117080],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117081,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117083,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,117085,129],{"class":128},[68,117087,79],{"class":78},[68,117089,12165],{"class":138},[68,117091,1701],{"class":78},[68,117093,54948],{"class":3708},[68,117095,117096,117098,117100,117102,117104],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,117097,129],{"class":128},[68,117099,79],{"class":78},[68,117101,14363],{"class":138},[68,117103,1701],{"class":78},[68,117105,116575],{"class":3708},[20,117107,117108],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117110,117111,117112,236],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[49,117113,14920],{"href":57235},[93,117115,117117],{"id":117116},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117119,117120],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,117122,117123,117126,117129],{},[36,117124,117125],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,117127,117128],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,117130,117131],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117133,117134],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[59,117136,117138],{"className":61,"code":117137,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117139,117140,117146,117150,117176,117190,117208,117212,117234,117238,117251,117264],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117141,117142,117144],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117143,35121],{"class":1098},[68,117145,115909],{"class":106},[68,117147,117148],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117149,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117151,117152,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172,117174],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117153,12118],{"class":106},[68,117155,111],{"class":110},[68,117157,1221],{"class":78},[68,117159,344],{"class":114},[68,117161,16421],{"class":118},[68,117163,344],{"class":114},[68,117165,503],{"class":78},[68,117167,725],{"class":78},[68,117169,438],{"class":160},[68,117171,472],{"class":78},[68,117173,7828],{"class":160},[68,117175,13738],{"class":78},[68,117177,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117179,115944],{"class":106},[68,117181,111],{"class":110},[68,117183,12193],{"class":106},[68,117185,236],{"class":78},[68,117187,12944],{"class":138},[68,117189,8677],{"class":78},[68,117191,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117193,115964],{"class":106},[68,117195,111],{"class":110},[68,117197,115949],{"class":106},[68,117199,236],{"class":78},[68,117201,115973],{"class":138},[68,117203,79],{"class":78},[68,117205,12165],{"class":138},[68,117207,85],{"class":78},[68,117209,117210],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,117211,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117213,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,117215,12165],{"class":106},[68,117217,795],{"class":78},[68,117219,344],{"class":114},[68,117221,16421],{"class":118},[68,117223,344],{"class":114},[68,117225,13582],{"class":78},[68,117227,13585],{"class":138},[68,117229,79],{"class":78},[68,117231,36874],{"class":160},[68,117233,85],{"class":78},[68,117235,117236],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,117237,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117239,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,117241,129],{"class":128},[68,117243,79],{"class":78},[68,117245,12165],{"class":138},[68,117247,1701],{"class":78},[68,117249,117250],{"class":3708},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[68,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":70,"line":6475},[68,117254,129],{"class":128},[68,117256,79],{"class":78},[68,117258,116027],{"class":138},[68,117260,1701],{"class":78},[68,117262,117263],{"class":3708},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[68,117265,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":70,"line":11626},[68,117267,129],{"class":128},[68,117269,79],{"class":78},[68,117271,116041],{"class":138},[68,117273,1701],{"class":78},[68,117275,117276],{"class":3708},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117278,117279],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[93,117281,117283],{"id":117282},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117285,117286],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,117288,117289,117292,117295,117298],{},[36,117290,117291],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,117293,117294],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,117296,117297],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,117299,117300],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117302,117303],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[59,117305,117307],{"className":61,"code":117306,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117308,117309,117317,117325,117329,117337,117341,117353],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117310,117311,117313,117315],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117312,2618],{"class":106},[68,117314,111],{"class":110},[68,117316,161],{"class":160},[68,117318,117319,117321,117323],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117320,2646],{"class":106},[68,117322,111],{"class":110},[68,117324,36207],{"class":106},[68,117326,117327],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117328,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117330,117331,117333,117335],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117332,2646],{"class":106},[68,117334,111],{"class":110},[68,117336,14647],{"class":160},[68,117338,117339],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117340,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,117344,129],{"class":128},[68,117346,79],{"class":78},[68,117348,49],{"class":138},[68,117350,1701],{"class":78},[68,117352,26829],{"class":3708},[68,117354,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,117356,129],{"class":128},[68,117358,79],{"class":78},[68,117360,4806],{"class":138},[68,117362,1701],{"class":78},[68,117364,27650],{"class":3708},[20,117366,93524,117367,117370],{},[49,117368,117369],{"href":12097},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[93,117372,1750],{"id":1749},[20,117374,117375],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,117377,117378,117382,117387,117392,117395],{},[36,117379,633,117380,56800],{},[15,117381,111],{},[36,117383,633,117384,117386],{},[15,117385,55617],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,117388,633,117389,117391],{},[15,117390,12467],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,117393,117394],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,117396,117397],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117399,117400],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[59,117402,117404],{"className":61,"code":117403,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117405,117406,117420,117434,117456,117487],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117407,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117409,129],{"class":128},[68,117411,79],{"class":78},[68,117413,12118],{"class":138},[68,117415,12226],{"class":1098},[68,117417,14417],{"class":138},[68,117419,85],{"class":78},[68,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117423,129],{"class":128},[68,117425,79],{"class":78},[68,117427,12118],{"class":138},[68,117429,4733],{"class":110},[68,117431,14417],{"class":138},[68,117433,85],{"class":78},[68,117435,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117437,129],{"class":128},[68,117439,79],{"class":78},[68,117441,12681],{"class":128},[68,117443,79],{"class":78},[68,117445,12165],{"class":138},[68,117447,9263],{"class":78},[68,117449,14848],{"class":128},[68,117451,79],{"class":78},[68,117453,14363],{"class":138},[68,117455,142],{"class":78},[68,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117459,129],{"class":128},[68,117461,79],{"class":78},[68,117463,12681],{"class":128},[68,117465,79],{"class":78},[68,117467,12165],{"class":138},[68,117469,795],{"class":78},[68,117471,2192],{"class":160},[68,117473,117474],{"class":78},"]),",[68,117476,14848],{"class":128},[68,117478,79],{"class":78},[68,117480,14363],{"class":138},[68,117482,795],{"class":78},[68,117484,2192],{"class":160},[68,117486,483],{"class":78},[68,117488,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117490,129],{"class":128},[68,117492,79],{"class":78},[68,117494,75],{"class":74},[68,117496,79],{"class":78},[68,117498,12165],{"class":138},[68,117500,142],{"class":78},[20,117502,117503],{},"What they tell you:",[33,117505,117506,117511,117516,117521,117531],{},[36,117507,117508,117510],{},[15,117509,12226],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,117512,117513,117515],{},[15,117514,4733],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,117517,117518,117520],{},[15,117519,43517],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,117522,117523,117524,232,117527,117530],{},"comparing ",[15,117525,117526],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117528,117529],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,117532,117533,117535],{},[15,117534,17],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[93,117537,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,117539,117541],{"id":117540},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117543,117544],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1470,117546,57285],{"id":57201},[20,117548,117549],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1470,117551,117553],{"id":117552},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117555,117556],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1470,117558,117560],{"id":117559},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117562,117563],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1470,117565,117567],{"id":117566},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117569,117570],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[93,117572,1952],{"id":1951},[33,117574,117575,117580,117586,117592,117596],{},[36,117576,117577],{},[49,117578,117579],{"href":12097},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,117581,117582],{},[49,117583,13,117584,10770],{"href":54976},[15,117585,55617],{},[36,117587,117588],{},[49,117589,13,117590,10770],{"href":12464},[15,117591,12467],{},[36,117593,117594],{},[49,117595,14996],{"href":57235},[36,117597,117598],{},[49,117599,117600],{"href":58510},"What is a list in Python?",[1995,117602,117603],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":117605},[117606,117607,117608,117609,117610,117611,117616,117617,117618,117619,117620,117621,117628],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":116061,"depth":125,"text":116062},{"id":116082,"depth":125,"text":116083},{"id":116325,"depth":125,"text":116326},{"id":116465,"depth":125,"text":116466},{"id":116581,"depth":125,"text":116582,"children":117612},[117613,117614,117615],{"id":116588,"depth":145,"text":116589},{"id":116657,"depth":145,"text":116658},{"id":116756,"depth":145,"text":116757},{"id":116870,"depth":125,"text":116871},{"id":117002,"depth":125,"text":117003},{"id":117116,"depth":125,"text":117117},{"id":117282,"depth":125,"text":117283},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":117622},[117623,117624,117625,117626,117627],{"id":117540,"depth":145,"text":117541},{"id":57201,"depth":145,"text":57285},{"id":117552,"depth":145,"text":117553},{"id":117559,"depth":145,"text":117560},{"id":117566,"depth":145,"text":117567},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115862,"description":117629},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117635,"title":117636,"body":117637,"description":119494,"extension":2033,"meta":119495,"navigation":148,"path":119496,"seo":119497,"stem":119498,"__hash__":119499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117638,"toc":119452},[117639,117644,117649,117657,117659,117727,117732,117737,117752,117755,117757,117788,117790,117810,117813,117828,117830,117833,117906,117908,117953,117955,117966,117971,117975,117980,117983,118022,118024,118044,118047,118104,118106,118141,118144,118183,118185,118205,118208,118239,118241,118297,118299,118304,118375,118377,118410,118415,118420,118485,118487,118524,118527,118604,118606,118666,118673,118678,118681,118684,118765,118767,118808,118813,118816,118894,118896,118929,118938,118945,118948,118959,118962,118973,118977,118985,118994,118998,119003,119007,119012,119055,119058,119064,119067,119069,119116,119121,119125,119128,119177,119179,119200,119203,119205,119230,119233,119354,119359,119361,119366,119369,119374,119377,119385,119390,119397,119400,119408,119411,119413,119449],[10,117640,13,117642,18],{"id":117641},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117643,74438],{},[20,117645,117646,117648],{},[15,117647,74438],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117650,117651,117652,1448,117654,117656],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117653,77881],{},[15,117655,74438],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[93,117658,96],{"id":95},[59,117660,117662],{"className":61,"code":117661,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117663,117664,117684,117698,117702,117714],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117667,3663],{"class":106},[68,117669,111],{"class":110},[68,117671,725],{"class":78},[68,117673,2135],{"class":160},[68,117675,472],{"class":78},[68,117677,5539],{"class":160},[68,117679,472],{"class":78},[68,117681,475],{"class":160},[68,117683,730],{"class":78},[68,117685,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117687,2297],{"class":106},[68,117689,111],{"class":110},[68,117691,74572],{"class":128},[68,117693,79],{"class":78},[68,117695,3693],{"class":138},[68,117697,85],{"class":78},[68,117699,117700],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117701,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117703,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117705,129],{"class":128},[68,117707,79],{"class":78},[68,117709,2331],{"class":138},[68,117711,1701],{"class":78},[68,117713,55704],{"class":3708},[68,117715,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117717,129],{"class":128},[68,117719,79],{"class":78},[68,117721,3693],{"class":138},[68,117723,1701],{"class":78},[68,117725,117726],{"class":3708},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117728,117729,117731],{},[15,117730,74438],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[93,117733,3722,117735,3725],{"id":117734},"what-sorted-does",[15,117736,74438],{},[33,117738,117739,117743,117746,117749],{},[36,117740,117741,62942],{},[15,117742,74438],{},[36,117744,117745],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,117747,117748],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,117750,117751],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117753,117754],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[93,117756,303],{"id":302},[59,117758,117760],{"className":61,"code":117759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117761,117762],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117763,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117765,74528],{"class":128},[68,117767,79],{"class":78},[68,117769,3766],{"class":138},[68,117771,472],{"class":78},[68,117773,21614],{"class":9206},[68,117775,111],{"class":110},[68,117777,3824],{"class":526},[68,117779,472],{"class":78},[68,117781,78084],{"class":9206},[68,117783,111],{"class":110},[68,117785,293],{"class":526},[68,117787,85],{"class":78},[1470,117789,17427],{"id":17426},[33,117791,117792,117797,117802],{},[36,117793,117794,117796],{},[15,117795,3766],{},": the values to sort",[36,117798,117799,117801],{},[15,117800,14873],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,117803,117804,117806,117807,117809],{},[15,117805,73591],{},": set to ",[15,117808,290],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117811,117812],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[59,117814,117816],{"className":61,"code":117815,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117817,117818],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117819,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117821,74528],{"class":128},[68,117823,79],{"class":78},[68,117825,60324],{"class":138},[68,117827,85],{"class":78},[93,117829,11506],{"id":11505},[20,117831,117832],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[59,117834,117836],{"className":61,"code":117835,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117837,117838,117862,117866,117881,117885,117896],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117839,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117841,3663],{"class":106},[68,117843,111],{"class":110},[68,117845,725],{"class":78},[68,117847,1497],{"class":160},[68,117849,472],{"class":78},[68,117851,475],{"class":160},[68,117853,472],{"class":78},[68,117855,6401],{"class":160},[68,117857,472],{"class":78},[68,117859,5539],{"class":160},[68,117861,730],{"class":78},[68,117863,117864],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117865,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117867,117868,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,117869,117870],{"class":106},"sorted_numbers ",[68,117872,111],{"class":110},[68,117874,74572],{"class":128},[68,117876,79],{"class":78},[68,117878,3693],{"class":138},[68,117880,85],{"class":78},[68,117882,117883],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,117884,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,117886,117887,117889,117891,117894],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,117888,129],{"class":128},[68,117890,79],{"class":78},[68,117892,117893],{"class":138},"sorted_numbers",[68,117895,85],{"class":78},[68,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,117899,129],{"class":128},[68,117901,79],{"class":78},[68,117903,3693],{"class":138},[68,117905,85],{"class":78},[20,117907,180],{},[59,117909,117911],{"className":61,"code":117910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117912,117913,117933],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117914,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117916,795],{"class":78},[68,117918,469],{"class":160},[68,117920,472],{"class":78},[68,117922,475],{"class":160},[68,117924,472],{"class":78},[68,117926,4650],{"class":160},[68,117928,472],{"class":78},[68,117930,6401],{"class":160},[68,117932,730],{"class":78},[68,117934,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,117936,795],{"class":78},[68,117938,1497],{"class":160},[68,117940,472],{"class":78},[68,117942,475],{"class":160},[68,117944,472],{"class":78},[68,117946,6401],{"class":160},[68,117948,472],{"class":78},[68,117950,5539],{"class":160},[68,117952,730],{"class":78},[20,117954,13795],{},[33,117956,117957,117962],{},[36,117958,117959,117961],{},[15,117960,117893],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,117963,117964,112498],{},[15,117965,3693],{},[20,117967,117968,117969,236],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[49,117970,78391],{"href":78390},[93,117972,117974],{"id":117973},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117976,117977,117979],{},[15,117978,74438],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1470,117981,117982],{"id":274},"List",[59,117984,117986],{"className":61,"code":117985,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117987,117988,118008],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,117991,3663],{"class":106},[68,117993,111],{"class":110},[68,117995,725],{"class":78},[68,117997,2135],{"class":160},[68,117999,472],{"class":78},[68,118001,5539],{"class":160},[68,118003,472],{"class":78},[68,118005,475],{"class":160},[68,118007,730],{"class":78},[68,118009,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118011,129],{"class":128},[68,118013,79],{"class":78},[68,118015,74528],{"class":128},[68,118017,79],{"class":78},[68,118019,3693],{"class":138},[68,118021,142],{"class":78},[20,118023,180],{},[59,118025,118026],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,118027,118028],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118029,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118031,795],{"class":78},[68,118033,469],{"class":160},[68,118035,472],{"class":78},[68,118037,475],{"class":160},[68,118039,472],{"class":78},[68,118041,480],{"class":160},[68,118043,730],{"class":78},[1470,118045,118046],{"id":48971},"Tuple",[59,118048,118050],{"className":61,"code":118049,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118051,118052,118072,118086],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118055,3869],{"class":106},[68,118057,111],{"class":110},[68,118059,9266],{"class":78},[68,118061,2135],{"class":160},[68,118063,472],{"class":78},[68,118065,5539],{"class":160},[68,118067,472],{"class":78},[68,118069,475],{"class":160},[68,118071,85],{"class":78},[68,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118075,129],{"class":128},[68,118077,79],{"class":78},[68,118079,74528],{"class":128},[68,118081,79],{"class":78},[68,118083,5401],{"class":138},[68,118085,142],{"class":78},[68,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,118089,129],{"class":128},[68,118091,79],{"class":78},[68,118093,75],{"class":74},[68,118095,79],{"class":78},[68,118097,74528],{"class":128},[68,118099,79],{"class":78},[68,118101,5401],{"class":138},[68,118103,2970],{"class":78},[20,118105,180],{},[59,118107,118109],{"className":61,"code":118108,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118110,118111,118127],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118112,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118114,795],{"class":78},[68,118116,469],{"class":160},[68,118118,472],{"class":78},[68,118120,475],{"class":160},[68,118122,472],{"class":78},[68,118124,480],{"class":160},[68,118126,730],{"class":78},[68,118128,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118130,190],{"class":110},[68,118132,194],{"class":193},[68,118134,197],{"class":114},[68,118136,274],{"class":118},[68,118138,203],{"class":114},[68,118140,206],{"class":110},[1470,118142,118143],{"id":6328},"Set",[59,118145,118147],{"className":61,"code":118146,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118148,118149,118169],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118150,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118152,3869],{"class":106},[68,118154,111],{"class":110},[68,118156,1221],{"class":78},[68,118158,2135],{"class":160},[68,118160,472],{"class":78},[68,118162,5539],{"class":160},[68,118164,472],{"class":78},[68,118166,475],{"class":160},[68,118168,9338],{"class":78},[68,118170,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118172,129],{"class":128},[68,118174,79],{"class":78},[68,118176,74528],{"class":128},[68,118178,79],{"class":78},[68,118180,5401],{"class":138},[68,118182,142],{"class":78},[20,118184,180],{},[59,118186,118187],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,118188,118189],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118190,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118192,795],{"class":78},[68,118194,469],{"class":160},[68,118196,472],{"class":78},[68,118198,475],{"class":160},[68,118200,472],{"class":78},[68,118202,480],{"class":160},[68,118204,730],{"class":78},[1470,118206,118207],{"id":61191},"String",[59,118209,118211],{"className":61,"code":118210,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118212,118213,118225],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118214,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118216,1345],{"class":106},[68,118218,111],{"class":110},[68,118220,115],{"class":114},[68,118222,63],{"class":118},[68,118224,122],{"class":114},[68,118226,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118228,129],{"class":128},[68,118230,79],{"class":78},[68,118232,74528],{"class":128},[68,118234,79],{"class":78},[68,118236,1367],{"class":138},[68,118238,142],{"class":78},[20,118240,180],{},[59,118242,118243],{"className":61,"code":79408,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,118244,118245],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118246,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118248,795],{"class":78},[68,118250,203],{"class":114},[68,118252,60455],{"class":118},[68,118254,203],{"class":114},[68,118256,472],{"class":78},[68,118258,197],{"class":114},[68,118260,76044],{"class":118},[68,118262,203],{"class":114},[68,118264,472],{"class":78},[68,118266,197],{"class":114},[68,118268,60490],{"class":118},[68,118270,203],{"class":114},[68,118272,472],{"class":78},[68,118274,197],{"class":114},[68,118276,20],{"class":118},[68,118278,203],{"class":114},[68,118280,472],{"class":78},[68,118282,197],{"class":114},[68,118284,63303],{"class":118},[68,118286,203],{"class":114},[68,118288,472],{"class":78},[68,118290,197],{"class":114},[68,118292,11777],{"class":118},[68,118294,203],{"class":114},[68,118296,730],{"class":78},[1470,118298,29257],{"id":15636},[20,118300,63556,118301,118303],{},[15,118302,74438],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[59,118305,118307],{"className":61,"code":118306,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118308,118309,118361],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118310,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118312,13237],{"class":106},[68,118314,111],{"class":110},[68,118316,1221],{"class":78},[68,118318,344],{"class":114},[68,118320,139],{"class":118},[68,118322,344],{"class":114},[68,118324,503],{"class":78},[68,118326,115],{"class":114},[68,118328,12913],{"class":118},[68,118330,344],{"class":114},[68,118332,472],{"class":78},[68,118334,115],{"class":114},[68,118336,395],{"class":118},[68,118338,344],{"class":114},[68,118340,503],{"class":78},[68,118342,7828],{"class":160},[68,118344,472],{"class":78},[68,118346,115],{"class":114},[68,118348,10439],{"class":118},[68,118350,344],{"class":114},[68,118352,503],{"class":78},[68,118354,115],{"class":114},[68,118356,16063],{"class":118},[68,118358,344],{"class":114},[68,118360,9338],{"class":78},[68,118362,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118364,129],{"class":128},[68,118366,79],{"class":78},[68,118368,74528],{"class":128},[68,118370,79],{"class":78},[68,118372,17339],{"class":138},[68,118374,142],{"class":78},[20,118376,180],{},[59,118378,118380],{"className":61,"code":118379,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118381,118382],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118383,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118385,795],{"class":78},[68,118387,203],{"class":114},[68,118389,395],{"class":118},[68,118391,203],{"class":114},[68,118393,472],{"class":78},[68,118395,197],{"class":114},[68,118397,10439],{"class":118},[68,118399,203],{"class":114},[68,118401,472],{"class":78},[68,118403,197],{"class":114},[68,118405,139],{"class":118},[68,118407,203],{"class":114},[68,118409,730],{"class":78},[93,118411,633,118413],{"id":118412},"using-reversetrue",[15,118414,78105],{},[20,118416,224,118417,118419],{},[15,118418,78105],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[59,118421,118423],{"className":61,"code":118422,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118424,118425,118445,118449,118463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118426,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118428,3663],{"class":106},[68,118430,111],{"class":110},[68,118432,725],{"class":78},[68,118434,2135],{"class":160},[68,118436,472],{"class":78},[68,118438,5539],{"class":160},[68,118440,472],{"class":78},[68,118442,475],{"class":160},[68,118444,730],{"class":78},[68,118446,118447],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118448,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,118450,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,118452,129],{"class":128},[68,118454,79],{"class":78},[68,118456,74528],{"class":128},[68,118458,79],{"class":78},[68,118460,3693],{"class":138},[68,118462,142],{"class":78},[68,118464,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,118466,129],{"class":128},[68,118468,79],{"class":78},[68,118470,74528],{"class":128},[68,118472,79],{"class":78},[68,118474,3693],{"class":138},[68,118476,472],{"class":78},[68,118478,78084],{"class":9206},[68,118480,111],{"class":110},[68,118482,290],{"class":526},[68,118484,142],{"class":78},[20,118486,180],{},[59,118488,118490],{"className":61,"code":118489,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118491,118492,118508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118493,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118495,795],{"class":78},[68,118497,469],{"class":160},[68,118499,472],{"class":78},[68,118501,475],{"class":160},[68,118503,472],{"class":78},[68,118505,480],{"class":160},[68,118507,730],{"class":78},[68,118509,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118511,795],{"class":78},[68,118513,2135],{"class":160},[68,118515,472],{"class":78},[68,118517,475],{"class":160},[68,118519,472],{"class":78},[68,118521,5539],{"class":160},[68,118523,730],{"class":78},[20,118525,118526],{},"This also works with strings:",[59,118528,118530],{"className":61,"code":118529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118531,118532,118564,118568,118582],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118533,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118535,4114],{"class":106},[68,118537,111],{"class":110},[68,118539,725],{"class":78},[68,118541,344],{"class":114},[68,118543,4123],{"class":118},[68,118545,344],{"class":114},[68,118547,472],{"class":78},[68,118549,115],{"class":114},[68,118551,4132],{"class":118},[68,118553,344],{"class":114},[68,118555,472],{"class":78},[68,118557,115],{"class":114},[68,118559,4141],{"class":118},[68,118561,344],{"class":114},[68,118563,730],{"class":78},[68,118565,118566],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118567,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,118569,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,118571,129],{"class":128},[68,118573,79],{"class":78},[68,118575,74528],{"class":128},[68,118577,79],{"class":78},[68,118579,4158],{"class":138},[68,118581,142],{"class":78},[68,118583,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,118585,129],{"class":128},[68,118587,79],{"class":78},[68,118589,74528],{"class":128},[68,118591,79],{"class":78},[68,118593,4158],{"class":138},[68,118595,472],{"class":78},[68,118597,78084],{"class":9206},[68,118599,111],{"class":110},[68,118601,290],{"class":526},[68,118603,142],{"class":78},[20,118605,180],{},[59,118607,118608],{"className":61,"code":74172,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,118609,118610,118638],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118611,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118613,795],{"class":78},[68,118615,203],{"class":114},[68,118617,4123],{"class":118},[68,118619,203],{"class":114},[68,118621,472],{"class":78},[68,118623,197],{"class":114},[68,118625,4132],{"class":118},[68,118627,203],{"class":114},[68,118629,472],{"class":78},[68,118631,197],{"class":114},[68,118633,4141],{"class":118},[68,118635,203],{"class":114},[68,118637,730],{"class":78},[68,118639,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118641,795],{"class":78},[68,118643,203],{"class":114},[68,118645,4141],{"class":118},[68,118647,203],{"class":114},[68,118649,472],{"class":78},[68,118651,197],{"class":114},[68,118653,4132],{"class":118},[68,118655,203],{"class":114},[68,118657,472],{"class":78},[68,118659,197],{"class":114},[68,118661,4123],{"class":118},[68,118663,203],{"class":114},[68,118665,730],{"class":78},[93,118667,633,118669,118672],{"id":118668},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118670,118671],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118674,2050,118675,118677],{},[15,118676,118671],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118679,118680],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118682,118683],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[59,118685,118687],{"className":61,"code":118686,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118688,118689,118729,118733,118755],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118690,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118692,4114],{"class":106},[68,118694,111],{"class":110},[68,118696,725],{"class":78},[68,118698,344],{"class":114},[68,118700,78758],{"class":118},[68,118702,344],{"class":114},[68,118704,472],{"class":78},[68,118706,115],{"class":114},[68,118708,38392],{"class":118},[68,118710,344],{"class":114},[68,118712,472],{"class":78},[68,118714,115],{"class":114},[68,118716,4132],{"class":118},[68,118718,344],{"class":114},[68,118720,472],{"class":78},[68,118722,115],{"class":114},[68,118724,38375],{"class":118},[68,118726,344],{"class":114},[68,118728,730],{"class":78},[68,118730,118731],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118732,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,118734,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,118736,2297],{"class":106},[68,118738,111],{"class":110},[68,118740,74572],{"class":128},[68,118742,79],{"class":78},[68,118744,4158],{"class":138},[68,118746,472],{"class":78},[68,118748,21614],{"class":9206},[68,118750,111],{"class":110},[68,118752,11191],{"class":128},[68,118754,85],{"class":78},[68,118756,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,118758,129],{"class":128},[68,118760,79],{"class":78},[68,118762,2331],{"class":138},[68,118764,85],{"class":78},[20,118766,180],{},[59,118768,118770],{"className":61,"code":118769,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118771,118772],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118773,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118775,795],{"class":78},[68,118777,203],{"class":114},[68,118779,38392],{"class":118},[68,118781,203],{"class":114},[68,118783,472],{"class":78},[68,118785,197],{"class":114},[68,118787,78758],{"class":118},[68,118789,203],{"class":114},[68,118791,472],{"class":78},[68,118793,197],{"class":114},[68,118795,38375],{"class":118},[68,118797,203],{"class":114},[68,118799,472],{"class":78},[68,118801,197],{"class":114},[68,118803,4132],{"class":118},[68,118805,203],{"class":114},[68,118807,730],{"class":78},[20,118809,20805,118810,118812],{},[15,118811,11191],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118814,118815],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[59,118817,118819],{"className":61,"code":118818,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118820,118821,118854,118858,118884],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118822,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118850,118852],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118824,4114],{"class":106},[68,118826,111],{"class":110},[68,118828,725],{"class":78},[68,118830,344],{"class":114},[68,118832,83376],{"class":118},[68,118834,344],{"class":114},[68,118836,472],{"class":78},[68,118838,115],{"class":114},[68,118840,4123],{"class":118},[68,118842,344],{"class":114},[68,118844,472],{"class":78},[68,118846,115],{"class":114},[68,118848,118849],{"class":118},"Cherry",[68,118851,344],{"class":114},[68,118853,730],{"class":78},[68,118855,118856],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,118857,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,118859,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,118861,2297],{"class":106},[68,118863,111],{"class":110},[68,118865,74572],{"class":128},[68,118867,79],{"class":78},[68,118869,4158],{"class":138},[68,118871,472],{"class":78},[68,118873,21614],{"class":9206},[68,118875,111],{"class":110},[68,118877,200],{"class":74},[68,118879,236],{"class":78},[68,118881,8674],{"class":1267},[68,118883,85],{"class":78},[68,118885,118886,118888,118890,118892],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,118887,129],{"class":128},[68,118889,79],{"class":78},[68,118891,2331],{"class":138},[68,118893,85],{"class":78},[20,118895,180],{},[59,118897,118899],{"className":61,"code":118898,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118900,118901],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,118902,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,118904,795],{"class":78},[68,118906,203],{"class":114},[68,118908,4123],{"class":118},[68,118910,203],{"class":114},[68,118912,472],{"class":78},[68,118914,197],{"class":114},[68,118916,83376],{"class":118},[68,118918,203],{"class":114},[68,118920,472],{"class":78},[68,118922,197],{"class":114},[68,118924,118849],{"class":118},[68,118926,203],{"class":114},[68,118928,730],{"class":78},[20,118930,118931,118932,35360,118934,236],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118933,42390],{},[49,118935,13,118936,1151],{"href":42387},[15,118937,42390],{},[93,118939,118941,969,118943],{"id":118940},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118942,74438],{},[15,118944,77881],{},[20,118946,118947],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,118949,118950,118955],{},[36,118951,118952,118954],{},[15,118953,74438],{}," returns a new list",[36,118956,118957,73976],{},[15,118958,77881],{},[20,118960,118961],{},"Also:",[33,118963,118964,118969],{},[36,118965,118966,118968],{},[15,118967,74438],{}," works with many iterables",[36,118970,118971,79314],{},[15,118972,77881],{},[20,118974,224,118975,10630],{},[15,118976,74438],{},[33,118978,118979,118982],{},[36,118980,118981],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,118983,118984],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118986,118987,118988,236],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[49,118989,13,118990,969,118992,5823],{"href":79139},[15,118991,74438],{},[15,118993,77881],{},[93,118995,118997],{"id":118996},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118999,119000,119001,236],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119002,74438],{},[1470,119004,119006],{"id":119005},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119008,119009,119010,503],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119011,3060],{},[59,119013,119015],{"className":61,"code":119014,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119016,119017,119041],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119018,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119020,3869],{"class":106},[68,119022,111],{"class":110},[68,119024,725],{"class":78},[68,119026,469],{"class":160},[68,119028,472],{"class":78},[68,119030,115],{"class":114},[68,119032,2129],{"class":118},[68,119034,344],{"class":114},[68,119036,472],{"class":78},[68,119038,480],{"class":160},[68,119040,730],{"class":78},[68,119042,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119044,129],{"class":128},[68,119046,79],{"class":78},[68,119048,74528],{"class":128},[68,119050,79],{"class":78},[68,119052,5401],{"class":138},[68,119054,142],{"class":78},[20,119056,119057],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1470,119059,119061,119062,2369],{"id":119060},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119063,14873],{},[20,119065,119066],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119068,326],{},[59,119070,119072],{"className":61,"code":119071,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119073,119074,119094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119075,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119077,3663],{"class":106},[68,119079,111],{"class":110},[68,119081,725],{"class":78},[68,119083,438],{"class":160},[68,119085,472],{"class":78},[68,119087,475],{"class":160},[68,119089,472],{"class":78},[68,119091,7833],{"class":160},[68,119093,730],{"class":78},[68,119095,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119097,129],{"class":128},[68,119099,79],{"class":78},[68,119101,74528],{"class":128},[68,119103,79],{"class":78},[68,119105,3693],{"class":138},[68,119107,472],{"class":78},[68,119109,21614],{"class":9206},[68,119111,111],{"class":110},[68,119113,11191],{"class":128},[68,119115,142],{"class":78},[20,119117,48530,119118,119120],{},[15,119119,42390],{}," does not work on integers.",[1470,119122,119124],{"id":119123},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119126,119127],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[59,119129,119131],{"className":61,"code":119130,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119132,119133,119153,119163,119167],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119134,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119136,3663],{"class":106},[68,119138,111],{"class":110},[68,119140,725],{"class":78},[68,119142,2135],{"class":160},[68,119144,472],{"class":78},[68,119146,5539],{"class":160},[68,119148,472],{"class":78},[68,119150,475],{"class":160},[68,119152,730],{"class":78},[68,119154,119155,119157,119159,119161],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119156,74528],{"class":128},[68,119158,79],{"class":78},[68,119160,3693],{"class":138},[68,119162,85],{"class":78},[68,119164,119165],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,119166,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,119170,129],{"class":128},[68,119172,79],{"class":78},[68,119174,3693],{"class":138},[68,119176,85],{"class":78},[20,119178,180],{},[59,119180,119182],{"className":61,"code":119181,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119183,119184],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119185,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119187,795],{"class":78},[68,119189,2135],{"class":160},[68,119191,472],{"class":78},[68,119193,5539],{"class":160},[68,119195,472],{"class":78},[68,119197,475],{"class":160},[68,119199,730],{"class":78},[20,119201,119202],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[93,119204,1750],{"id":1749},[33,119206,119207,119211,119214,119219,119223],{},[36,119208,4624,119209,73976],{},[15,119210,74438],{},[36,119212,119213],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,119215,4749,119216,119218],{},[15,119217,74438],{}," always returns a list",[36,119220,633,119221,23139],{},[15,119222,118671],{},[36,119224,29684,119225,119227,119228],{},[15,119226,64328],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119229,74438],{},[20,119231,119232],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[59,119234,119236],{"className":61,"code":119235,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119237,119238,119260,119286,119324],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119241,129],{"class":128},[68,119243,79],{"class":78},[68,119245,74528],{"class":128},[68,119247,466],{"class":78},[68,119249,2135],{"class":160},[68,119251,472],{"class":78},[68,119253,5539],{"class":160},[68,119255,472],{"class":78},[68,119257,475],{"class":160},[68,119259,483],{"class":78},[68,119261,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119263,129],{"class":128},[68,119265,79],{"class":78},[68,119267,75],{"class":74},[68,119269,79],{"class":78},[68,119271,74528],{"class":128},[68,119273,5552],{"class":78},[68,119275,2135],{"class":160},[68,119277,472],{"class":78},[68,119279,5539],{"class":160},[68,119281,472],{"class":78},[68,119283,475],{"class":160},[68,119285,93380],{"class":78},[68,119287,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,119289,129],{"class":128},[68,119291,79],{"class":78},[68,119293,74528],{"class":128},[68,119295,466],{"class":78},[68,119297,203],{"class":114},[68,119299,83376],{"class":118},[68,119301,203],{"class":114},[68,119303,472],{"class":78},[68,119305,197],{"class":114},[68,119307,4123],{"class":118},[68,119309,203],{"class":114},[68,119311,18095],{"class":78},[68,119313,21614],{"class":9206},[68,119315,111],{"class":110},[68,119317,200],{"class":74},[68,119319,236],{"class":78},[68,119321,8674],{"class":1267},[68,119323,142],{"class":78},[68,119325,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,119327,129],{"class":128},[68,119329,79],{"class":78},[68,119331,74528],{"class":128},[68,119333,466],{"class":78},[68,119335,2135],{"class":160},[68,119337,472],{"class":78},[68,119339,5539],{"class":160},[68,119341,472],{"class":78},[68,119343,475],{"class":160},[68,119345,18095],{"class":78},[68,119347,78084],{"class":9206},[68,119349,111],{"class":110},[68,119351,290],{"class":526},[68,119353,142],{"class":78},[20,119355,119356,119357,236],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[49,119358,52787],{"href":50994},[93,119360,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,119362,12736,119364,57180],{"id":119363},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119365,74438],{},[20,119367,119368],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1470,119370,1878,119372,12748],{"id":119371},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119373,74438],{},[20,119375,119376],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1470,119378,119380,119381,1776,119383,1906],{"id":119379},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119382,74438],{},[15,119384,77881],{},[20,119386,224,119387,119389],{},[15,119388,74438],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1470,119391,1878,119393,86464,119395,1906],{"id":119392},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119394,118671],{},[15,119396,74438],{},[20,119398,119399],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1470,119401,1919,119403,119405,119406,1906],{"id":119402},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119404,74438],{}," give a ",[15,119407,3060],{},[20,119409,119410],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[93,119412,1952],{"id":1951},[33,119414,119415,119419,119427,119431,119437,119443],{},[36,119416,119417],{},[49,119418,79886],{"href":78390},[36,119420,119421],{},[49,119422,13,119423,969,119425,5823],{"href":79139},[15,119424,74438],{},[15,119426,77881],{},[36,119428,119429],{},[49,119430,52787],{"href":50994},[36,119432,119433],{},[49,119434,13,119435,1151],{"href":42387},[15,119436,42390],{},[36,119438,119439],{},[49,119440,13,119441,1151],{"href":92036},[15,119442,35780],{},[36,119444,119445],{},[49,119446,13,119447,1151],{"href":36227},[15,119448,36230],{},[1995,119450,119451],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":119453},[119454,119455,119457,119460,119461,119468,119470,119472,119474,119480,119481,119493],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":117734,"depth":125,"text":119456},"What sorted() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":119458},[119459],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":117973,"depth":125,"text":117974,"children":119462},[119463,119464,119465,119466,119467],{"id":274,"depth":145,"text":117982},{"id":48971,"depth":145,"text":118046},{"id":6328,"depth":145,"text":118143},{"id":61191,"depth":145,"text":118207},{"id":15636,"depth":145,"text":29257},{"id":118412,"depth":125,"text":119469},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118668,"depth":125,"text":119471},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118940,"depth":125,"text":119473},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118996,"depth":125,"text":118997,"children":119475},[119476,119477,119479],{"id":119005,"depth":145,"text":119006},{"id":119060,"depth":145,"text":119478},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119123,"depth":145,"text":119124},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":119482},[119483,119485,119487,119489,119491],{"id":119363,"depth":145,"text":119484},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119371,"depth":145,"text":119486},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119379,"depth":145,"text":119488},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119392,"depth":145,"text":119490},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119402,"depth":145,"text":119492},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117636,"description":119494},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119501,"title":119502,"body":119503,"description":121614,"extension":2033,"meta":121615,"navigation":148,"path":79139,"seo":121616,"stem":121617,"__hash__":121618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119504,"toc":121561},[119505,119512,119515,119525,119531,119534,119552,119560,119562,119621,119629,119633,119655,119659,119663,119665,119682,119684,119696,119702,119786,119790,119837,119843,119850,119854,119859,119861,119873,119878,119931,119935,119955,119962,119969,119973,119976,119995,119999,120113,120117,120187,120189,120201,120206,120210,120223,120227,120302,120306,120345,120352,120358,120363,120367,120381,120385,120450,120454,120487,120490,120495,120503,120510,120523,120526,120530,120613,120617,120654,120658,120761,120765,120826,120831,120838,120842,120845,120851,120854,120921,120925,120949,120951,120969,120976,121029,121033,121053,121059,121061,121118,121125,121151,121156,121161,121169,121175,121235,121239,121286,121289,121291,121294,121320,121323,121416,121418,121438,121442,121445,121463,121469,121471,121479,121484,121491,121494,121500,121503,121509,121517,121525,121530,121532,121558],[10,119506,13,119508,969,119510,93094],{"id":119507},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119509,74438],{},[15,119511,77881],{},[20,119513,119514],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,119516,119517,119521],{},[36,119518,119519],{},[15,119520,74438],{},[36,119522,119523],{},[15,119524,77881],{},[20,119526,119527,119528,119530],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1301,119529,1303],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119532,119533],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,119535,119536,119544],{},[36,119537,224,119538,119540,119541],{},[15,119539,74438],{}," when you want a ",[1301,119542,119543],{},"new sorted result",[36,119545,224,119546,119548,119549],{},[15,119547,77881],{}," when you want to ",[1301,119550,119551],{},"change the original list",[20,119553,119554,119555,1541,119557,119559],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119556,77881],{},[15,119558,3824],{}," and causes confusion.",[93,119561,96],{"id":95},[59,119563,119565],{"className":61,"code":119564,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119566,119567,119587,119591,119608],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119568,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119570,3663],{"class":106},[68,119572,111],{"class":110},[68,119574,725],{"class":78},[68,119576,2135],{"class":160},[68,119578,472],{"class":78},[68,119580,5539],{"class":160},[68,119582,472],{"class":78},[68,119584,475],{"class":160},[68,119586,730],{"class":78},[68,119588,119589],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119590,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119592,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,119594,55906],{"class":106},[68,119596,111],{"class":110},[68,119598,74572],{"class":128},[68,119600,79],{"class":78},[68,119602,3693],{"class":138},[68,119604,1701],{"class":78},[68,119606,119607],{"class":3708},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[68,119609,119610,119612,119614,119616,119618],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,119611,3693],{"class":106},[68,119613,236],{"class":78},[68,119615,34831],{"class":138},[68,119617,7403],{"class":78},[68,119619,119620],{"class":3708},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119622,224,119623,119625,119626,119628],{},[15,119624,74438],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119627,77881],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[93,119630,119632],{"id":119631},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,119634,119635,119640,119645,119652],{},[36,119636,224,119637,119639],{},[15,119638,74438],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,119641,224,119642,119644],{},[15,119643,77881],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,119646,119647,119648,1541,119650],{},"Understand why ",[15,119649,77881],{},[15,119651,3824],{},[36,119653,119654],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[93,119656,3722,119657,3725],{"id":117734},[15,119658,74438],{},[20,119660,119661,62942],{},[15,119662,74438],{},[20,119664,48945],{},[33,119666,119667,119673,119679],{},[36,119668,119669,119670],{},"returns a ",[1301,119671,119672],{},"new list",[36,119674,119675,119676,119678],{},"does ",[1301,119677,1303],{}," change the original data",[36,119680,119681],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119683,51148],{},[33,119685,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694],{},[36,119687,5342],{},[36,119689,5345],{},[36,119691,5351],{},[36,119693,5348],{},[36,119695,35941],{},[1470,119697,35108,119699,119701],{"id":119698},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119700,74438],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[59,119703,119705],{"className":61,"code":119704,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119706,119707,119727,119731,119745,119749,119767],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119708,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119710,3663],{"class":106},[68,119712,111],{"class":110},[68,119714,725],{"class":78},[68,119716,2135],{"class":160},[68,119718,472],{"class":78},[68,119720,5539],{"class":160},[68,119722,472],{"class":78},[68,119724,475],{"class":160},[68,119726,730],{"class":78},[68,119728,119729],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119730,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,119734,2297],{"class":106},[68,119736,111],{"class":110},[68,119738,74572],{"class":128},[68,119740,79],{"class":78},[68,119742,3693],{"class":138},[68,119744,85],{"class":78},[68,119746,119747],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,119748,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119750,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,119752,129],{"class":128},[68,119754,79],{"class":78},[68,119756,344],{"class":114},[68,119758,12186],{"class":118},[68,119760,344],{"class":114},[68,119762,472],{"class":78},[68,119764,4308],{"class":138},[68,119766,85],{"class":78},[68,119768,119769,119771,119773,119775,119778,119780,119782,119784],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,119770,129],{"class":128},[68,119772,79],{"class":78},[68,119774,344],{"class":114},[68,119776,119777],{"class":118},"sorted result:",[68,119779,344],{"class":114},[68,119781,472],{"class":78},[68,119783,81230],{"class":138},[68,119785,85],{"class":78},[20,119787,119788],{},[1301,119789,180],{},[59,119791,119793],{"className":61,"code":119792,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119794,119795,119815],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119796,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119798,12165],{"class":106},[68,119800,503],{"class":78},[68,119802,725],{"class":78},[68,119804,2135],{"class":160},[68,119806,472],{"class":78},[68,119808,5539],{"class":160},[68,119810,472],{"class":78},[68,119812,475],{"class":160},[68,119814,730],{"class":78},[68,119816,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119818,74528],{"class":128},[68,119820,81230],{"class":106},[68,119822,503],{"class":78},[68,119824,725],{"class":78},[68,119826,469],{"class":160},[68,119828,472],{"class":78},[68,119830,475],{"class":160},[68,119832,472],{"class":78},[68,119834,480],{"class":160},[68,119836,730],{"class":78},[20,119838,119839,119840,119842],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119841,3693],{}," stays the same.",[20,119844,119845,119846,236],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[49,119847,13,119848,1151],{"href":74535},[15,119849,74438],{},[93,119851,3722,119852,3725],{"id":77947},[15,119853,77881],{},[20,119855,119856,119858],{},[15,119857,64328],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119860,48945],{},[33,119862,119863,119866,119869],{},[36,119864,119865],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,119867,119868],{},"only works on lists",[36,119870,3737,119871],{},[15,119872,3824],{},[1470,119874,35108,119876,73976],{"id":119875},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119877,77881],{},[59,119879,119881],{"className":61,"code":119880,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119882,119883,119903,119907,119917,119921],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119884,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119886,3663],{"class":106},[68,119888,111],{"class":110},[68,119890,725],{"class":78},[68,119892,2135],{"class":160},[68,119894,472],{"class":78},[68,119896,5539],{"class":160},[68,119898,472],{"class":78},[68,119900,475],{"class":160},[68,119902,730],{"class":78},[68,119904,119905],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,119906,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119908,119909,119911,119913,119915],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,119910,3693],{"class":106},[68,119912,236],{"class":78},[68,119914,34831],{"class":138},[68,119916,8677],{"class":78},[68,119918,119919],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,119920,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,119922,119923,119925,119927,119929],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,119924,129],{"class":128},[68,119926,79],{"class":78},[68,119928,3693],{"class":138},[68,119930,85],{"class":78},[20,119932,119933],{},[1301,119934,180],{},[59,119936,119937],{"className":61,"code":55166,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,119938,119939],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,119940,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,119942,795],{"class":78},[68,119944,469],{"class":160},[68,119946,472],{"class":78},[68,119948,475],{"class":160},[68,119950,472],{"class":78},[68,119952,480],{"class":160},[68,119954,730],{"class":78},[20,119956,119957,119958,119961],{},"After calling ",[15,119959,119960],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119963,119964,119965,236],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[49,119966,13,119967,10770],{"href":74789},[15,119968,77881],{},[93,119970,119972],{"id":119971},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119974,119975],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,119977,119978,119987],{},[36,119979,119980,119983,119984],{},[15,119981,119982],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1301,119985,119986],{},"new sorted list",[36,119988,119989,119992,119993,74346],{},[15,119990,119991],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119994,8374],{},[1470,119996,119998],{"id":119997},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[59,120000,120002],{"className":61,"code":120001,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120003,120004,120024,120028,120042,120061,120080,120084,120094],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120005,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120007,3663],{"class":106},[68,120009,111],{"class":110},[68,120011,725],{"class":78},[68,120013,1497],{"class":160},[68,120015,472],{"class":78},[68,120017,475],{"class":160},[68,120019,472],{"class":78},[68,120021,2521],{"class":160},[68,120023,730],{"class":78},[68,120025,120026],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120027,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120029,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120031,2618],{"class":106},[68,120033,111],{"class":110},[68,120035,74572],{"class":128},[68,120037,79],{"class":78},[68,120039,3693],{"class":138},[68,120041,85],{"class":78},[68,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120053,120055,120057,120059],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120045,129],{"class":128},[68,120047,79],{"class":78},[68,120049,344],{"class":114},[68,120051,120052],{"class":118},"numbers after sorted():",[68,120054,344],{"class":114},[68,120056,472],{"class":78},[68,120058,4308],{"class":138},[68,120060,85],{"class":78},[68,120062,120063,120065,120067,120069,120072,120074,120076,120078],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120064,129],{"class":128},[68,120066,79],{"class":78},[68,120068,344],{"class":114},[68,120070,120071],{"class":118},"a:",[68,120073,344],{"class":114},[68,120075,472],{"class":78},[68,120077,56904],{"class":138},[68,120079,85],{"class":78},[68,120081,120082],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,120083,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120085,120086,120088,120090,120092],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,120087,3693],{"class":106},[68,120089,236],{"class":78},[68,120091,34831],{"class":138},[68,120093,8677],{"class":78},[68,120095,120096,120098,120100,120102,120105,120107,120109,120111],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,120097,129],{"class":128},[68,120099,79],{"class":78},[68,120101,344],{"class":114},[68,120103,120104],{"class":118},"numbers after sort():",[68,120106,344],{"class":114},[68,120108,472],{"class":78},[68,120110,4308],{"class":138},[68,120112,85],{"class":78},[20,120114,120115],{},[1301,120116,180],{},[59,120118,120120],{"className":61,"code":120119,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120121,120122,120145,120165],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120123,120124,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120125,120126],{"class":106},"numbers after ",[68,120128,74528],{"class":128},[68,120130,29618],{"class":78},[68,120132,725],{"class":78},[68,120134,1497],{"class":160},[68,120136,472],{"class":78},[68,120138,475],{"class":160},[68,120140,472],{"class":78},[68,120142,2521],{"class":160},[68,120144,730],{"class":78},[68,120146,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120148,49],{"class":106},[68,120150,503],{"class":78},[68,120152,725],{"class":78},[68,120154,2129],{"class":160},[68,120156,472],{"class":78},[68,120158,2521],{"class":160},[68,120160,472],{"class":78},[68,120162,4650],{"class":160},[68,120164,730],{"class":78},[68,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120168,120126],{"class":106},[68,120170,34831],{"class":138},[68,120172,29618],{"class":78},[68,120174,725],{"class":78},[68,120176,2129],{"class":160},[68,120178,472],{"class":78},[68,120180,2521],{"class":160},[68,120182,472],{"class":78},[68,120184,4650],{"class":160},[68,120186,730],{"class":78},[20,120188,10742],{},[33,120190,120191,120196],{},[36,120192,120193,120195],{},[15,120194,74438],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,120197,120198,120200],{},[15,120199,64328],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[93,120202,1311,120204],{"id":120203},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120205,74438],{},[20,120207,224,120208,10630],{},[15,120209,74438],{},[33,120211,120212,120215,120217,120220],{},[36,120213,120214],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,120216,118984],{},[36,120218,120219],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,120221,120222],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1470,120224,120226],{"id":120225},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[59,120228,120230],{"className":61,"code":120229,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120231,120232,120256,120260,120274,120278,120288],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120233,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120235,3663],{"class":106},[68,120237,111],{"class":110},[68,120239,9266],{"class":78},[68,120241,2568],{"class":160},[68,120243,472],{"class":78},[68,120245,5539],{"class":160},[68,120247,472],{"class":78},[68,120249,480],{"class":160},[68,120251,472],{"class":78},[68,120253,475],{"class":160},[68,120255,85],{"class":78},[68,120257,120258],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120259,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120261,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120263,2297],{"class":106},[68,120265,111],{"class":110},[68,120267,74572],{"class":128},[68,120269,79],{"class":78},[68,120271,3693],{"class":138},[68,120273,85],{"class":78},[68,120275,120276],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120277,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120279,120280,120282,120284,120286],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120281,129],{"class":128},[68,120283,79],{"class":78},[68,120285,2331],{"class":138},[68,120287,85],{"class":78},[68,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,120291,129],{"class":128},[68,120293,79],{"class":78},[68,120295,75],{"class":74},[68,120297,79],{"class":78},[68,120299,2331],{"class":138},[68,120301,142],{"class":78},[20,120303,120304],{},[1301,120305,180],{},[59,120307,120309],{"className":61,"code":120308,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120310,120311,120331],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120312,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120314,795],{"class":78},[68,120316,469],{"class":160},[68,120318,472],{"class":78},[68,120320,475],{"class":160},[68,120322,472],{"class":78},[68,120324,480],{"class":160},[68,120326,472],{"class":78},[68,120328,2521],{"class":160},[68,120330,730],{"class":78},[68,120332,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120334,190],{"class":110},[68,120336,194],{"class":193},[68,120338,197],{"class":114},[68,120340,274],{"class":118},[68,120342,203],{"class":114},[68,120344,206],{"class":110},[20,120346,2353,120347,120349,120350,236],{},[15,120348,74438],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1301,120351,274],{},[20,120353,120354,120355,120357],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[49,120356,52787],{"href":50994}," is a helpful next step.",[93,120359,1311,120361],{"id":120360},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120362,77881],{},[20,120364,224,120365,10630],{},[15,120366,77881],{},[33,120368,120369,120372,120375,120378],{},[36,120370,120371],{},"you already have a list",[36,120373,120374],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,120376,120377],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120379,120380],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1470,120382,120384],{"id":120383},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[59,120386,120388],{"className":61,"code":120387,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120389,120390,120422,120426,120436,120440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120391,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120393,5040],{"class":106},[68,120395,111],{"class":110},[68,120397,725],{"class":78},[68,120399,344],{"class":114},[68,120401,5066],{"class":118},[68,120403,344],{"class":114},[68,120405,472],{"class":78},[68,120407,115],{"class":114},[68,120409,119],{"class":118},[68,120411,344],{"class":114},[68,120413,472],{"class":78},[68,120415,115],{"class":114},[68,120417,5057],{"class":118},[68,120419,344],{"class":114},[68,120421,730],{"class":78},[68,120423,120424],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120425,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120427,120428,120430,120432,120434],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120429,5083],{"class":106},[68,120431,236],{"class":78},[68,120433,34831],{"class":138},[68,120435,8677],{"class":78},[68,120437,120438],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120439,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120441,120442,120444,120446,120448],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120443,129],{"class":128},[68,120445,79],{"class":78},[68,120447,5083],{"class":138},[68,120449,85],{"class":78},[20,120451,120452],{},[1301,120453,180],{},[59,120455,120457],{"className":61,"code":120456,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120458,120459],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120460,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120462,795],{"class":78},[68,120464,203],{"class":114},[68,120466,119],{"class":118},[68,120468,203],{"class":114},[68,120470,472],{"class":78},[68,120472,197],{"class":114},[68,120474,5057],{"class":118},[68,120476,203],{"class":114},[68,120478,472],{"class":78},[68,120480,197],{"class":114},[68,120482,5066],{"class":118},[68,120484,203],{"class":114},[68,120486,730],{"class":78},[20,120488,120489],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120491,120492,120493,236],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[49,120494,79886],{"href":78390},[93,120496,120498,232,120500,120502],{"id":120497},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120499,73591],{},[15,120501,14873],{}," work with both",[20,120504,10619,120505,232,120507,120509],{},[15,120506,74438],{},[15,120508,77881],{}," support:",[33,120511,120512,120517],{},[36,120513,120514,120516],{},[15,120515,78105],{}," for descending order",[36,120518,120519,120522],{},[15,120520,120521],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120524,120525],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1470,120527,120529],{"id":120528},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[59,120531,120533],{"className":61,"code":120532,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120534,120535,120555,120559,120581,120585,120603],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120536,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120538,3663],{"class":106},[68,120540,111],{"class":110},[68,120542,725],{"class":78},[68,120544,2135],{"class":160},[68,120546,472],{"class":78},[68,120548,5539],{"class":160},[68,120550,472],{"class":78},[68,120552,475],{"class":160},[68,120554,730],{"class":78},[68,120556,120557],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120558,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120560,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120562,129],{"class":128},[68,120564,79],{"class":78},[68,120566,74528],{"class":128},[68,120568,79],{"class":78},[68,120570,3693],{"class":138},[68,120572,472],{"class":78},[68,120574,78084],{"class":9206},[68,120576,111],{"class":110},[68,120578,290],{"class":526},[68,120580,142],{"class":78},[68,120582,120583],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120584,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120586,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120588,3693],{"class":106},[68,120590,236],{"class":78},[68,120592,34831],{"class":138},[68,120594,79],{"class":78},[68,120596,73591],{"class":9206},[68,120598,111],{"class":110},[68,120600,290],{"class":526},[68,120602,85],{"class":78},[68,120604,120605,120607,120609,120611],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,120606,129],{"class":128},[68,120608,79],{"class":78},[68,120610,3693],{"class":138},[68,120612,85],{"class":78},[20,120614,120615],{},[1301,120616,180],{},[59,120618,120620],{"className":61,"code":120619,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120621,120622,120638],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120625,795],{"class":78},[68,120627,2135],{"class":160},[68,120629,472],{"class":78},[68,120631,475],{"class":160},[68,120633,472],{"class":78},[68,120635,5539],{"class":160},[68,120637,730],{"class":78},[68,120639,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120641,795],{"class":78},[68,120643,2135],{"class":160},[68,120645,472],{"class":78},[68,120647,475],{"class":160},[68,120649,472],{"class":78},[68,120651,5539],{"class":160},[68,120653,730],{"class":78},[1470,120655,120657],{"id":120656},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[59,120659,120661],{"className":61,"code":120660,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120662,120663,120695,120699,120725,120729,120751],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120664,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120666,4114],{"class":106},[68,120668,111],{"class":110},[68,120670,725],{"class":78},[68,120672,344],{"class":114},[68,120674,83376],{"class":118},[68,120676,344],{"class":114},[68,120678,472],{"class":78},[68,120680,115],{"class":114},[68,120682,4123],{"class":118},[68,120684,344],{"class":114},[68,120686,472],{"class":78},[68,120688,115],{"class":114},[68,120690,118849],{"class":118},[68,120692,344],{"class":114},[68,120694,730],{"class":78},[68,120696,120697],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120698,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120702,129],{"class":128},[68,120704,79],{"class":78},[68,120706,74528],{"class":128},[68,120708,79],{"class":78},[68,120710,4158],{"class":138},[68,120712,472],{"class":78},[68,120714,21614],{"class":9206},[68,120716,111],{"class":110},[68,120718,200],{"class":74},[68,120720,236],{"class":78},[68,120722,8674],{"class":1267},[68,120724,142],{"class":78},[68,120726,120727],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120728,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120730,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120732,4158],{"class":106},[68,120734,236],{"class":78},[68,120736,34831],{"class":138},[68,120738,79],{"class":78},[68,120740,14873],{"class":9206},[68,120742,111],{"class":110},[68,120744,200],{"class":74},[68,120746,236],{"class":78},[68,120748,8674],{"class":1267},[68,120750,85],{"class":78},[68,120752,120753,120755,120757,120759],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,120754,129],{"class":128},[68,120756,79],{"class":78},[68,120758,4158],{"class":138},[68,120760,85],{"class":78},[20,120762,120763],{},[1301,120764,180],{},[59,120766,120768],{"className":61,"code":120767,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120769,120770,120798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120771,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120773,795],{"class":78},[68,120775,203],{"class":114},[68,120777,4123],{"class":118},[68,120779,203],{"class":114},[68,120781,472],{"class":78},[68,120783,197],{"class":114},[68,120785,83376],{"class":118},[68,120787,203],{"class":114},[68,120789,472],{"class":78},[68,120791,197],{"class":114},[68,120793,118849],{"class":118},[68,120795,203],{"class":114},[68,120797,730],{"class":78},[68,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120801,795],{"class":78},[68,120803,203],{"class":114},[68,120805,4123],{"class":118},[68,120807,203],{"class":114},[68,120809,472],{"class":78},[68,120811,197],{"class":114},[68,120813,83376],{"class":118},[68,120815,203],{"class":114},[68,120817,472],{"class":78},[68,120819,197],{"class":114},[68,120821,118849],{"class":118},[68,120823,203],{"class":114},[68,120825,730],{"class":78},[20,120827,633,120828,120830],{},[15,120829,78599],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120832,120833,120834,236],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[49,120835,120837],{"href":120836},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[93,120839,120841],{"id":120840},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120843,120844],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1470,120846,120848,120849,12629],{"id":120847},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120850,77881],{},[20,120852,120853],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[59,120855,120857],{"className":61,"code":120856,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120858,120859,120879,120883,120897,120901,120911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120860,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120862,3663],{"class":106},[68,120864,111],{"class":110},[68,120866,725],{"class":78},[68,120868,2135],{"class":160},[68,120870,472],{"class":78},[68,120872,5539],{"class":160},[68,120874,472],{"class":78},[68,120876,475],{"class":160},[68,120878,730],{"class":78},[68,120880,120881],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120882,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,120886,2297],{"class":106},[68,120888,111],{"class":110},[68,120890,4308],{"class":106},[68,120892,236],{"class":78},[68,120894,34831],{"class":138},[68,120896,8677],{"class":78},[68,120898,120899],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,120900,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,120902,120903,120905,120907,120909],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,120904,129],{"class":128},[68,120906,79],{"class":78},[68,120908,2331],{"class":138},[68,120910,85],{"class":78},[68,120912,120913,120915,120917,120919],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,120914,129],{"class":128},[68,120916,79],{"class":78},[68,120918,3693],{"class":138},[68,120920,85],{"class":78},[20,120922,120923],{},[1301,120924,180],{},[59,120926,120927],{"className":61,"code":79222,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,120928,120929,120933],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120930,120931],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120932,11840],{"class":526},[68,120934,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,120936,795],{"class":78},[68,120938,469],{"class":160},[68,120940,472],{"class":78},[68,120942,475],{"class":160},[68,120944,472],{"class":78},[68,120946,480],{"class":160},[68,120948,730],{"class":78},[20,120950,11932],{},[33,120952,120953,120958,120963],{},[36,120954,120955,120957],{},[15,120956,119960],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,120959,35045,120960,120962],{},[1301,120961,1303],{}," return the sorted list",[36,120964,90000,120965,42185,120967],{},[15,120966,2331],{},[15,120968,3824],{},[1470,120970,120972,120973,120975],{"id":120971},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120974,74438],{}," to change the original list",[59,120977,120979],{"className":61,"code":120978,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120980,120981,121001,121005,121015,121019],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,120984,3663],{"class":106},[68,120986,111],{"class":110},[68,120988,725],{"class":78},[68,120990,2135],{"class":160},[68,120992,472],{"class":78},[68,120994,5539],{"class":160},[68,120996,472],{"class":78},[68,120998,475],{"class":160},[68,121000,730],{"class":78},[68,121002,121003],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121004,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121006,121007,121009,121011,121013],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121008,74528],{"class":128},[68,121010,79],{"class":78},[68,121012,3693],{"class":138},[68,121014,85],{"class":78},[68,121016,121017],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121018,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121020,121021,121023,121025,121027],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121022,129],{"class":128},[68,121024,79],{"class":78},[68,121026,3693],{"class":138},[68,121028,85],{"class":78},[20,121030,121031],{},[1301,121032,180],{},[59,121034,121035],{"className":61,"code":119181,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,121036,121037],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121040,795],{"class":78},[68,121042,2135],{"class":160},[68,121044,472],{"class":78},[68,121046,5539],{"class":160},[68,121048,472],{"class":78},[68,121050,475],{"class":160},[68,121052,730],{"class":78},[20,121054,121055,121058],{},[15,121056,121057],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121060,10837],{},[59,121062,121064],{"className":61,"code":121063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121065,121066,121086,121090,121104,121108],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121069,3663],{"class":106},[68,121071,111],{"class":110},[68,121073,725],{"class":78},[68,121075,2135],{"class":160},[68,121077,472],{"class":78},[68,121079,5539],{"class":160},[68,121081,472],{"class":78},[68,121083,475],{"class":160},[68,121085,730],{"class":78},[68,121087,121088],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121089,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121091,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121093,55658],{"class":106},[68,121095,111],{"class":110},[68,121097,74572],{"class":128},[68,121099,79],{"class":78},[68,121101,3693],{"class":138},[68,121103,85],{"class":78},[68,121105,121106],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121107,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121111,129],{"class":128},[68,121113,79],{"class":78},[68,121115,55677],{"class":138},[68,121117,85],{"class":78},[1470,121119,121121,121122,121124],{"id":121120},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121123,64328],{}," on a tuple or string",[59,121126,121127],{"className":61,"code":79324,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,121128,121129,121141],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121130,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121132,1345],{"class":106},[68,121134,111],{"class":110},[68,121136,115],{"class":114},[68,121138,63],{"class":118},[68,121140,122],{"class":114},[68,121142,121143,121145,121147,121149],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121144,1367],{"class":106},[68,121146,236],{"class":78},[68,121148,34831],{"class":138},[68,121150,8677],{"class":78},[20,121152,121153,121154,33634],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121155,64328],{},[20,121157,121158,121160],{},[15,121159,64328],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121162,121163,121164,121166,121167,236],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121165,74438],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[49,121168,5181],{"href":5626},[1470,121170,121172,121173,119218],{"id":121171},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121174,74438],{},[59,121176,121178],{"className":61,"code":121177,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121179,121180,121193,121207,121211,121221],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121181,121182,121184,121186,121188,121191],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121183,1345],{"class":106},[68,121185,111],{"class":110},[68,121187,115],{"class":114},[68,121189,121190],{"class":118},"cab",[68,121192,122],{"class":114},[68,121194,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121196,2297],{"class":106},[68,121198,111],{"class":110},[68,121200,74572],{"class":128},[68,121202,79],{"class":78},[68,121204,1367],{"class":138},[68,121206,85],{"class":78},[68,121208,121209],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121210,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121212,121213,121215,121217,121219],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121214,129],{"class":128},[68,121216,79],{"class":78},[68,121218,2331],{"class":138},[68,121220,85],{"class":78},[68,121222,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231,121233],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121224,129],{"class":128},[68,121226,79],{"class":78},[68,121228,75],{"class":74},[68,121230,79],{"class":78},[68,121232,2331],{"class":138},[68,121234,142],{"class":78},[20,121236,121237],{},[1301,121238,180],{},[59,121240,121242],{"className":61,"code":121241,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121243,121244,121272],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121245,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121247,795],{"class":78},[68,121249,203],{"class":114},[68,121251,49],{"class":118},[68,121253,203],{"class":114},[68,121255,472],{"class":78},[68,121257,197],{"class":114},[68,121259,4806],{"class":118},[68,121261,203],{"class":114},[68,121263,472],{"class":78},[68,121265,197],{"class":114},[68,121267,9769],{"class":118},[68,121269,203],{"class":114},[68,121271,730],{"class":78},[68,121273,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121275,190],{"class":110},[68,121277,194],{"class":193},[68,121279,197],{"class":114},[68,121281,274],{"class":118},[68,121283,203],{"class":114},[68,121285,206],{"class":110},[20,121287,121288],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[93,121290,113739],{"id":113738},[20,121292,121293],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,121295,121296,121299,121304,121309,121315],{},[36,121297,121298],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,121300,121301,121302,53660],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121303,64328],{},[36,121305,121306,121307,12629],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121308,77881],{},[36,121310,121311,121312,121314],{},"trying to use ",[15,121313,64328],{}," on non-list data types",[36,121316,50520,121317,121319],{},[15,121318,74438],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121321,121322],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[59,121324,121326],{"className":61,"code":121325,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121327,121328,121338,121352,121377,121392,121402],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121329,121330,121332,121334,121336],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121331,129],{"class":128},[68,121333,79],{"class":78},[68,121335,8374],{"class":138},[68,121337,85],{"class":78},[68,121339,121340,121342,121344,121346,121348,121350],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121341,129],{"class":128},[68,121343,79],{"class":78},[68,121345,74528],{"class":128},[68,121347,79],{"class":78},[68,121349,8374],{"class":138},[68,121351,142],{"class":78},[68,121353,121354,121356,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121369,121371,121373,121375],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121355,2297],{"class":106},[68,121357,111],{"class":110},[68,121359,8430],{"class":106},[68,121361,236],{"class":78},[68,121363,34831],{"class":138},[68,121365,7403],{"class":78},[68,121367,121368],{"class":106},"; ",[68,121370,129],{"class":128},[68,121372,79],{"class":78},[68,121374,2331],{"class":138},[68,121376,85],{"class":78},[68,121378,121379,121381,121383,121385,121387,121390],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121380,129],{"class":128},[68,121382,79],{"class":78},[68,121384,75],{"class":74},[68,121386,79],{"class":78},[68,121388,121389],{"class":138},"my_data",[68,121391,142],{"class":78},[68,121393,121394,121396,121398,121400],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121395,1850],{"class":128},[68,121397,79],{"class":78},[68,121399,74528],{"class":128},[68,121401,85],{"class":78},[68,121403,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412,121414],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,121405,1850],{"class":128},[68,121407,79],{"class":78},[68,121409,274],{"class":74},[68,121411,236],{"class":78},[68,121413,34831],{"class":1267},[68,121415,85],{"class":78},[20,121417,84386],{},[33,121419,121420,121423,121427,121435],{},[36,121421,121422],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,121424,26053,121425,11737],{},[15,121426,74438],{},[36,121428,121429,121430,121432,121433],{},"whether ",[15,121431,64328],{}," returned ",[15,121434,3824],{},[36,121436,121437],{},"what type of object you are working with",[93,121439,121441],{"id":121440},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121443,121444],{},"Use this rule:",[33,121446,121447,121455],{},[36,121448,121449,121450,121452,121453],{},"Need a ",[1301,121451,119543],{},": use ",[15,121454,74438],{},[36,121456,121457,121458,121452,121461],{},"Need to ",[1301,121459,121460],{},"change one list directly",[15,121462,77881],{},[20,121464,121465,121466,121468],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121467,74438],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[93,121470,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,121472,121474,121475,384,121477,1906],{"id":121473},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121476,74438],{},[15,121478,77881],{},[20,121480,121481,121483],{},[15,121482,74438],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1470,121485,1919,121487,5203,121489,1906],{"id":121486},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121488,77881],{},[15,121490,3824],{},[20,121492,121493],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1470,121495,1939,121497,121499],{"id":121496},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121498,74438],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121501,121502],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1470,121504,28363,121506,121508],{"id":121505},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121507,64328],{}," on a string?",[20,121510,1909,121511,121513,121514,39964],{},[15,121512,64328],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121515,121516],{},"sorted(string)",[1470,121518,11851,121520,232,121522,121524],{"id":121519},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121521,74438],{},[15,121523,64328],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121526,121527,121528,236],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121529,78105],{},[93,121531,1952],{"id":1951},[33,121533,121534,121540,121546,121550,121554],{},[36,121535,121536],{},[49,121537,13,121538,1151],{"href":74535},[15,121539,74438],{},[36,121541,121542],{},[49,121543,13,121544,10770],{"href":74789},[15,121545,77881],{},[36,121547,121548],{},[49,121549,79886],{"href":78390},[36,121551,121552],{},[49,121553,120837],{"href":120836},[36,121555,121556],{},[49,121557,52787],{"href":50994},[1995,121559,121560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":121562},[121563,121564,121565,121569,121573,121576,121580,121584,121589,121599,121600,121601,121613],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":119631,"depth":125,"text":119632},{"id":117734,"depth":125,"text":119456,"children":121566},[121567],{"id":119698,"depth":145,"text":121568},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77947,"depth":125,"text":79908,"children":121570},[121571],{"id":119875,"depth":145,"text":121572},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119971,"depth":125,"text":119972,"children":121574},[121575],{"id":119997,"depth":145,"text":119998},{"id":120203,"depth":125,"text":121577,"children":121578},"When to use sorted()",[121579],{"id":120225,"depth":145,"text":120226},{"id":120360,"depth":125,"text":121581,"children":121582},"When to use list.sort()",[121583],{"id":120383,"depth":145,"text":120384},{"id":120497,"depth":125,"text":121585,"children":121586},"reverse and key work with both",[121587,121588],{"id":120528,"depth":145,"text":120529},{"id":120656,"depth":145,"text":120657},{"id":120840,"depth":125,"text":120841,"children":121590},[121591,121593,121595,121597],{"id":120847,"depth":145,"text":121592},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120971,"depth":145,"text":121594},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121120,"depth":145,"text":121596},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121171,"depth":145,"text":121598},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113738,"depth":125,"text":113739},{"id":121440,"depth":125,"text":121441},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":121602},[121603,121605,121607,121609,121611],{"id":121473,"depth":145,"text":121604},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121486,"depth":145,"text":121606},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121496,"depth":145,"text":121608},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121505,"depth":145,"text":121610},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121519,"depth":145,"text":121612},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119502,"description":121614},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121620,"title":42205,"body":121621,"description":123348,"extension":2033,"meta":123349,"navigation":148,"path":123350,"seo":123351,"stem":123352,"__hash__":123353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121622,"toc":123305},[121623,121628,121633,121639,121641,121696,121700,121723,121728,121733,121738,121740,121771,121774,121788,121790,121792,121807,121812,121816,121819,121870,121874,121888,121895,121897,121901,121956,121960,121983,121987,122043,122047,122070,122074,122129,122133,122156,122160,122227,122231,122266,122272,122277,122282,122284,122298,122300,122374,122378,122398,122403,122410,122413,122425,122427,122496,122500,122537,122540,122565,122572,122581,122584,122596,122602,122608,122610,122616,122621,122700,122704,122745,122749,122751,122778,122781,122804,122807,122813,122816,122853,122865,122872,122874,122925,122927,122959,122962,122964,122971,122973,122988,122990,123045,123049,123073,123075,123080,123096,123103,123107,123110,123193,123203,123205,123210,123213,123219,123222,123228,123231,123237,123240,123247,123255,123257,123302],[10,121624,13,121626,18],{"id":121625},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121627,1447],{},[20,121629,22,121630,121632],{},[15,121631,1447],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121634,121635,121636,121638],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121637,1447],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[93,121640,2075],{"id":2074},[59,121642,121644],{"className":61,"code":121643,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121645,121646,121654,121668,121672,121682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121647,121648,121650,121652],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121649,21663],{"class":106},[68,121651,111],{"class":110},[68,121653,45252],{"class":160},[68,121655,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121657,1345],{"class":106},[68,121659,111],{"class":110},[68,121661,1625],{"class":74},[68,121663,79],{"class":78},[68,121665,395],{"class":138},[68,121667,85],{"class":78},[68,121669,121670],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121671,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121673,121674,121676,121678,121680],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121675,129],{"class":128},[68,121677,79],{"class":78},[68,121679,1367],{"class":138},[68,121681,85],{"class":78},[68,121683,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692,121694],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121685,129],{"class":128},[68,121687,79],{"class":78},[68,121689,75],{"class":74},[68,121691,79],{"class":78},[68,121693,1367],{"class":138},[68,121695,142],{"class":78},[20,121697,121698],{},[1301,121699,180],{},[59,121701,121703],{"className":61,"code":121702,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121704,121705,121709],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121706,121707],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121708,2772],{"class":160},[68,121710,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719,121721],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121712,190],{"class":110},[68,121714,194],{"class":193},[68,121716,197],{"class":114},[68,121718,200],{"class":118},[68,121720,203],{"class":114},[68,121722,206],{"class":110},[20,121724,224,121725,121727],{},[15,121726,1447],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[93,121729,3722,121731,3725],{"id":121730},"what-str-does",[15,121732,1447],{},[20,121734,121735,121737],{},[15,121736,1447],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121739,2179],{},[33,121741,121742,121749,121756,121763],{},[36,121743,121744,121745,42185,121747],{},"An integer like ",[15,121746,438],{},[15,121748,42156],{},[36,121750,121751,121752,42185,121754],{},"A float like ",[15,121753,453],{},[15,121755,48114],{},[36,121757,121758,121759,42185,121761],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121760,290],{},[15,121762,6680],{},[36,121764,121765,121766,42185,121768],{},"A list like ",[15,121767,75260],{},[15,121769,121770],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121772,121773],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,121775,121776,121779,121782,121785],{},[36,121777,121778],{},"print it",[36,121780,121781],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,121783,121784],{},"save it to a file",[36,121786,121787],{},"use it in messages",[93,121789,303],{"id":302},[20,121791,7255],{},[59,121793,121795],{"className":61,"code":121794,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"str(object)\n",[15,121796,121797],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121800,200],{"class":74},[68,121802,79],{"class":78},[68,121804,82],{"class":74},[68,121806,85],{"class":78},[20,121808,20805,121809,121811],{},[15,121810,82],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121813,121814,8261],{},[15,121815,1447],{},[20,121817,121818],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[59,121820,121822],{"className":61,"code":121821,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121823,121824,121833,121856,121860],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121825,121826,121828,121830],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121827,5140],{"class":106},[68,121829,111],{"class":110},[68,121831,121832],{"class":160}," 100\n",[68,121834,121835,121837,121839,121841,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852,121854],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121836,90020],{"class":106},[68,121838,111],{"class":110},[68,121840,115],{"class":114},[68,121842,121843],{"class":118},"Your score is ",[68,121845,344],{"class":114},[68,121847,2518],{"class":110},[68,121849,1625],{"class":74},[68,121851,79],{"class":78},[68,121853,85533],{"class":138},[68,121855,85],{"class":78},[68,121857,121858],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121859,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121861,121862,121864,121866,121868],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121863,129],{"class":128},[68,121865,79],{"class":78},[68,121867,90037],{"class":138},[68,121869,85],{"class":78},[20,121871,121872],{},[1301,121873,180],{},[59,121875,121877],{"className":61,"code":121876,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121878,121879],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121880,121881,121884,121886],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121882,121883],{"class":106},"Your score ",[68,121885,12226],{"class":110},[68,121887,121832],{"class":160},[20,121889,2363,121890,121894],{},[49,121891,121892,2369],{"href":2366},[15,121893,17],{}," can help you check.",[93,121896,399],{"id":398},[1470,121898,121900],{"id":121899},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[59,121902,121904],{"className":61,"code":121903,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121905,121906,121914,121928,121932,121942],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121907,121908,121910,121912],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121909,155],{"class":106},[68,121911,111],{"class":110},[68,121913,161],{"class":160},[68,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121917,1345],{"class":106},[68,121919,111],{"class":110},[68,121921,1625],{"class":74},[68,121923,79],{"class":78},[68,121925,175],{"class":138},[68,121927,85],{"class":78},[68,121929,121930],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,121931,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,121933,121934,121936,121938,121940],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,121935,129],{"class":128},[68,121937,79],{"class":78},[68,121939,1367],{"class":138},[68,121941,85],{"class":78},[68,121943,121944,121946,121948,121950,121952,121954],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,121945,129],{"class":128},[68,121947,79],{"class":78},[68,121949,75],{"class":74},[68,121951,79],{"class":78},[68,121953,1367],{"class":138},[68,121955,142],{"class":78},[20,121957,121958],{},[1301,121959,180],{},[59,121961,121963],{"className":61,"code":121962,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121964,121965,121969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121966,121967],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121968,2442],{"class":160},[68,121970,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,121972,190],{"class":110},[68,121974,194],{"class":193},[68,121976,197],{"class":114},[68,121978,200],{"class":118},[68,121980,203],{"class":114},[68,121982,206],{"class":110},[1470,121984,121986],{"id":121985},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[59,121988,121990],{"className":61,"code":121989,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121991,121992,122001,122015,122019,122029],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,121993,121994,121996,121998],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,121995,40421],{"class":106},[68,121997,111],{"class":110},[68,121999,122000],{"class":160}," 3.14\n",[68,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122004,1345],{"class":106},[68,122006,111],{"class":110},[68,122008,1625],{"class":74},[68,122010,79],{"class":78},[68,122012,25185],{"class":138},[68,122014,85],{"class":78},[68,122016,122017],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122018,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122022,129],{"class":128},[68,122024,79],{"class":78},[68,122026,1367],{"class":138},[68,122028,85],{"class":78},[68,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122032,129],{"class":128},[68,122034,79],{"class":78},[68,122036,75],{"class":74},[68,122038,79],{"class":78},[68,122040,1367],{"class":138},[68,122042,142],{"class":78},[20,122044,122045],{},[1301,122046,180],{},[59,122048,122050],{"className":61,"code":122049,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122051,122052,122056],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122053,122054],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122055,40211],{"class":160},[68,122057,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122059,190],{"class":110},[68,122061,194],{"class":193},[68,122063,197],{"class":114},[68,122065,200],{"class":118},[68,122067,203],{"class":114},[68,122069,206],{"class":110},[1470,122071,122073],{"id":122072},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[59,122075,122077],{"className":61,"code":122076,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122078,122079,122087,122101,122105,122115],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122080,122081,122083,122085],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122082,652],{"class":106},[68,122084,111],{"class":110},[68,122086,6462],{"class":526},[68,122088,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122090,1345],{"class":106},[68,122092,111],{"class":110},[68,122094,1625],{"class":74},[68,122096,79],{"class":78},[68,122098,665],{"class":138},[68,122100,85],{"class":78},[68,122102,122103],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122104,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122106,122107,122109,122111,122113],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122108,129],{"class":128},[68,122110,79],{"class":78},[68,122112,1367],{"class":138},[68,122114,85],{"class":78},[68,122116,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122118,129],{"class":128},[68,122120,79],{"class":78},[68,122122,75],{"class":74},[68,122124,79],{"class":78},[68,122126,1367],{"class":138},[68,122128,142],{"class":78},[20,122130,122131],{},[1301,122132,180],{},[59,122134,122136],{"className":61,"code":122135,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122137,122138,122142],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122139,122140],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122141,1070],{"class":526},[68,122143,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122145,190],{"class":110},[68,122147,194],{"class":193},[68,122149,197],{"class":114},[68,122151,200],{"class":118},[68,122153,203],{"class":114},[68,122155,206],{"class":110},[1470,122157,122159],{"id":122158},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[59,122161,122163],{"className":61,"code":122162,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122164,122165,122185,122199,122203,122213],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122166,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122168,7817],{"class":106},[68,122170,111],{"class":110},[68,122172,725],{"class":78},[68,122174,469],{"class":160},[68,122176,472],{"class":78},[68,122178,475],{"class":160},[68,122180,472],{"class":78},[68,122182,480],{"class":160},[68,122184,730],{"class":78},[68,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122188,1345],{"class":106},[68,122190,111],{"class":110},[68,122192,1625],{"class":74},[68,122194,79],{"class":78},[68,122196,7848],{"class":138},[68,122198,85],{"class":78},[68,122200,122201],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122202,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122204,122205,122207,122209,122211],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122206,129],{"class":128},[68,122208,79],{"class":78},[68,122210,1367],{"class":138},[68,122212,85],{"class":78},[68,122214,122215,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122216,129],{"class":128},[68,122218,79],{"class":78},[68,122220,75],{"class":74},[68,122222,79],{"class":78},[68,122224,1367],{"class":138},[68,122226,142],{"class":78},[20,122228,122229],{},[1301,122230,180],{},[59,122232,122234],{"className":61,"code":122233,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122235,122236,122252],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122237,122238,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122239,795],{"class":78},[68,122241,469],{"class":160},[68,122243,472],{"class":78},[68,122245,475],{"class":160},[68,122247,472],{"class":78},[68,122249,480],{"class":160},[68,122251,730],{"class":78},[68,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122255,190],{"class":110},[68,122257,194],{"class":193},[68,122259,197],{"class":114},[68,122261,200],{"class":118},[68,122263,203],{"class":114},[68,122265,206],{"class":110},[20,122267,122268,122269,122271],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1301,122270,1303],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[93,122273,1311,122275],{"id":122274},"when-to-use-str",[15,122276,1447],{},[20,122278,224,122279,122281],{},[15,122280,1447],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122283,36458],{},[33,122285,122286,122289,122292,122295],{},[36,122287,122288],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,122290,122291],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,122293,122294],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,122296,122297],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122299,326],{},[59,122301,122303],{"className":61,"code":122302,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122304,122305,122317,122325,122329,122364],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122306,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122308,107],{"class":106},[68,122310,111],{"class":110},[68,122312,115],{"class":114},[68,122314,11540],{"class":118},[68,122316,122],{"class":114},[68,122318,122319,122321,122323],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122320,21663],{"class":106},[68,122322,111],{"class":110},[68,122324,45252],{"class":160},[68,122326,122327],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122328,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122330,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359,122362],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122332,90020],{"class":106},[68,122334,111],{"class":110},[68,122336,36000],{"class":106},[68,122338,2132],{"class":110},[68,122340,115],{"class":114},[68,122342,4829],{"class":118},[68,122344,344],{"class":114},[68,122346,2518],{"class":110},[68,122348,1625],{"class":74},[68,122350,79],{"class":78},[68,122352,395],{"class":138},[68,122354,1701],{"class":78},[68,122356,2518],{"class":110},[68,122358,115],{"class":114},[68,122360,122361],{"class":118}," years old.",[68,122363,122],{"class":114},[68,122365,122366,122368,122370,122372],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122367,129],{"class":128},[68,122369,79],{"class":78},[68,122371,90037],{"class":138},[68,122373,85],{"class":78},[20,122375,122376],{},[1301,122377,180],{},[59,122379,122381],{"className":61,"code":122380,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122382,122383],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122384,122385,122388,122390,122392,122395],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122386,122387],{"class":106},"Maya ",[68,122389,12226],{"class":110},[68,122391,9335],{"class":160},[68,122393,122394],{"class":106}," years old",[68,122396,122397],{"class":78},".\n",[20,122399,122400,122401,236],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[49,122402,89706],{"href":89705},[93,122404,122406,969,122408],{"id":122405},"str-vs-print",[15,122407,1447],{},[15,122409,46473],{},[20,122411,122412],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,122414,122415,122420],{},[36,122416,122417,122419],{},[15,122418,1447],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,122421,122422,122424],{},[15,122423,46473],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122426,326],{},[59,122428,122430],{"className":61,"code":122429,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122431,122432,122440,122444,122458,122468,122482],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122433,122434,122436,122438],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122435,652],{"class":106},[68,122437,111],{"class":110},[68,122439,2832],{"class":160},[68,122441,122442],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122443,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122445,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122447,1345],{"class":106},[68,122449,111],{"class":110},[68,122451,1625],{"class":74},[68,122453,79],{"class":78},[68,122455,665],{"class":138},[68,122457,85],{"class":78},[68,122459,122460,122462,122464,122466],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122461,129],{"class":128},[68,122463,79],{"class":78},[68,122465,1367],{"class":138},[68,122467,85],{"class":78},[68,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122471,129],{"class":128},[68,122473,79],{"class":78},[68,122475,75],{"class":74},[68,122477,79],{"class":78},[68,122479,1367],{"class":138},[68,122481,142],{"class":78},[68,122483,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,122485,129],{"class":128},[68,122487,79],{"class":78},[68,122489,75],{"class":74},[68,122491,79],{"class":78},[68,122493,665],{"class":138},[68,122495,142],{"class":78},[20,122497,122498],{},[1301,122499,180],{},[59,122501,122503],{"className":61,"code":122502,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122504,122505,122509,122523],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122506,122507],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122508,46632],{"class":160},[68,122510,122511,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122512,190],{"class":110},[68,122514,194],{"class":193},[68,122516,197],{"class":114},[68,122518,200],{"class":118},[68,122520,203],{"class":114},[68,122522,206],{"class":110},[68,122524,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122526,190],{"class":110},[68,122528,194],{"class":193},[68,122530,197],{"class":114},[68,122532,217],{"class":118},[68,122534,203],{"class":114},[68,122536,206],{"class":110},[20,122538,122539],{},"Notice:",[33,122541,122542,122548,122553],{},[36,122543,122544,122547],{},[15,122545,122546],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,122549,122550,122552],{},[15,122551,46473],{}," only displayed values",[36,122554,122555,122557,122558,122560,122561,61318,122563],{},[15,122556,46473],{}," did not change ",[15,122559,665],{}," from ",[15,122562,217],{},[15,122564,200],{},[20,122566,122567,122568,236],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[49,122569,122570,2369],{"href":46470},[15,122571,46473],{},[93,122573,122575,969,122577,122580],{"id":122574},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122576,1447],{},[15,122578,122579],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122582,122583],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,122585,122586,122591],{},[36,122587,122588,122590],{},[15,122589,1447],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,122592,122593,122595],{},[15,122594,122579],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122597,122598,122599,122601],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122600,1447],{}," much more often.",[20,122603,122604,122605,122607],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122606,1447],{}," is usually the right choice.",[93,122609,4563],{"id":4562},[1470,122611,25808,122613,122615],{"id":122612},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122614,1447],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122617,122618,122620],{},[15,122619,1447],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[59,122622,122624],{"className":61,"code":122623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122625,122626,122634,122648,122652,122662,122676,122686],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122627,122628,122630,122632],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122629,21663],{"class":106},[68,122631,111],{"class":110},[68,122633,45252],{"class":160},[68,122635,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122637,1345],{"class":106},[68,122639,111],{"class":110},[68,122641,1625],{"class":74},[68,122643,79],{"class":78},[68,122645,395],{"class":138},[68,122647,85],{"class":78},[68,122649,122650],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122651,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122653,122654,122656,122658,122660],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122655,129],{"class":128},[68,122657,79],{"class":78},[68,122659,395],{"class":138},[68,122661,85],{"class":78},[68,122663,122664,122666,122668,122670,122672,122674],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,122665,129],{"class":128},[68,122667,79],{"class":78},[68,122669,75],{"class":74},[68,122671,79],{"class":78},[68,122673,395],{"class":138},[68,122675,142],{"class":78},[68,122677,122678,122680,122682,122684],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,122679,129],{"class":128},[68,122681,79],{"class":78},[68,122683,1367],{"class":138},[68,122685,85],{"class":78},[68,122687,122688,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,122689,129],{"class":128},[68,122691,79],{"class":78},[68,122693,75],{"class":74},[68,122695,79],{"class":78},[68,122697,1367],{"class":138},[68,122699,142],{"class":78},[20,122701,122702],{},[1301,122703,180],{},[59,122705,122707],{"className":61,"code":122706,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122708,122709,122713,122727,122731],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122710,122711],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122712,2772],{"class":160},[68,122714,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723,122725],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122716,190],{"class":110},[68,122718,194],{"class":193},[68,122720,197],{"class":114},[68,122722,217],{"class":118},[68,122724,203],{"class":114},[68,122726,206],{"class":110},[68,122728,122729],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122730,2772],{"class":160},[68,122732,122733,122735,122737,122739,122741,122743],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122734,190],{"class":110},[68,122736,194],{"class":193},[68,122738,197],{"class":114},[68,122740,200],{"class":118},[68,122742,203],{"class":114},[68,122744,206],{"class":110},[1470,122746,122748],{"id":122747},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122750,6726],{},[59,122752,122754],{"className":61,"code":122753,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122755,122756,122764],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122757,122758,122760,122762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122759,21663],{"class":106},[68,122761,111],{"class":110},[68,122763,45252],{"class":160},[68,122765,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774,122776],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122767,1345],{"class":106},[68,122769,111],{"class":110},[68,122771,1625],{"class":74},[68,122773,79],{"class":78},[68,122775,395],{"class":138},[68,122777,85],{"class":78},[20,122779,122780],{},"But if you only do this:",[59,122782,122784],{"className":61,"code":122783,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122785,122786,122794],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122787,122788,122790,122792],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122789,21663],{"class":106},[68,122791,111],{"class":110},[68,122793,45252],{"class":160},[68,122795,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122797,200],{"class":74},[68,122799,79],{"class":78},[68,122801,395],{"class":138},[68,122803,85],{"class":78},[20,122805,122806],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1470,122808,633,122810,122812],{"id":122809},"using-str-too-early",[15,122811,1447],{}," too early",[20,122814,122815],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[59,122817,122819],{"className":61,"code":122818,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122820,122821,122829,122844,122848],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122822,122823,122825,122827],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122824,40421],{"class":106},[68,122826,111],{"class":110},[68,122828,161],{"class":160},[68,122830,122831,122834,122836,122838,122840,122842],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122832,122833],{"class":106},"text_price ",[68,122835,111],{"class":110},[68,122837,1625],{"class":74},[68,122839,79],{"class":78},[68,122841,25185],{"class":138},[68,122843,85],{"class":78},[68,122845,122846],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,122847,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,122849,122850],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,122851,122852],{"class":3708},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122854,122855,122856,384,122860,122864],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[49,122857,122858],{"href":946},[15,122859,949],{},[49,122861,122862],{"href":952},[15,122863,955],{},", depending on the situation.",[1470,122866,1770,122868,122871],{"id":122867},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122869,122870],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122873,1479],{},[59,122875,122877],{"className":61,"code":122876,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122878,122879,122911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122880,122881,122883,122885,122887,122889,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907,122909],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122882,7817],{"class":106},[68,122884,111],{"class":110},[68,122886,725],{"class":78},[68,122888,344],{"class":114},[68,122890,4123],{"class":118},[68,122892,344],{"class":114},[68,122894,472],{"class":78},[68,122896,115],{"class":114},[68,122898,4132],{"class":118},[68,122900,344],{"class":114},[68,122902,472],{"class":78},[68,122904,115],{"class":114},[68,122906,33254],{"class":118},[68,122908,344],{"class":114},[68,122910,730],{"class":78},[68,122912,122913,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,122914,129],{"class":128},[68,122916,79],{"class":78},[68,122918,200],{"class":74},[68,122920,79],{"class":78},[68,122922,7848],{"class":138},[68,122924,142],{"class":78},[20,122926,1502],{},[59,122928,122929],{"className":61,"code":72850,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,122930,122931],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122932,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122934,795],{"class":78},[68,122936,203],{"class":114},[68,122938,4123],{"class":118},[68,122940,203],{"class":114},[68,122942,472],{"class":78},[68,122944,197],{"class":114},[68,122946,4132],{"class":118},[68,122948,203],{"class":114},[68,122950,472],{"class":78},[68,122952,197],{"class":114},[68,122954,33254],{"class":118},[68,122956,203],{"class":114},[68,122958,730],{"class":78},[20,122960,122961],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[93,122963,17451],{"id":17450},[20,122965,122966,22010,122968,236],{},[15,122967,1447],{},[1301,122969,122970],{},"new string",[20,122972,11489],{},[33,122974,122975,122978,122981],{},[36,122976,122977],{},"It always returns a string",[36,122979,122980],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,122982,7800,122983,122987],{},[49,122984,122985],{"href":2366},[15,122986,17],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122989,326],{},[59,122991,122993],{"className":61,"code":122992,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122994,122995,123003,123017,123021,123031],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,122996,122997,122999,123001],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,122998,652],{"class":106},[68,123000,111],{"class":110},[68,123002,14163],{"class":160},[68,123004,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123006,870],{"class":106},[68,123008,111],{"class":110},[68,123010,1625],{"class":74},[68,123012,79],{"class":78},[68,123014,665],{"class":138},[68,123016,85],{"class":78},[68,123018,123019],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,123020,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,123022,123023,123025,123027,123029],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,123024,129],{"class":128},[68,123026,79],{"class":78},[68,123028,894],{"class":138},[68,123030,85],{"class":78},[68,123032,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,123034,129],{"class":128},[68,123036,79],{"class":78},[68,123038,75],{"class":74},[68,123040,79],{"class":78},[68,123042,894],{"class":138},[68,123044,142],{"class":78},[20,123046,123047],{},[1301,123048,180],{},[59,123050,123052],{"className":61,"code":123051,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123053,123054,123059],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123055,123056],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123057,123058],{"class":160},"99\n",[68,123060,123061,123063,123065,123067,123069,123071],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123062,190],{"class":110},[68,123064,194],{"class":193},[68,123066,197],{"class":114},[68,123068,200],{"class":118},[68,123070,203],{"class":114},[68,123072,206],{"class":110},[93,123074,113739],{"id":113738},[20,123076,123077,123078,74829],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123079,1447],{},[33,123081,123082,123085,123088,123093],{},[36,123083,123084],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,123086,123087],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,123089,633,123090,123092],{},[15,123091,1447],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,123094,123095],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123097,123098,123099,236],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[49,123100,25713,123101],{"href":90418},[15,123102,90419],{},[93,123104,123106],{"id":123105},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123108,123109],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[59,123111,123113],{"className":61,"code":123112,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123114,123115,123123,123127,123137,123151,123155,123169,123179],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123116,123117,123119,123121],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123118,652],{"class":106},[68,123120,111],{"class":110},[68,123122,45252],{"class":160},[68,123124,123125],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123126,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,123128,123129,123131,123133,123135],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,123130,129],{"class":128},[68,123132,79],{"class":78},[68,123134,665],{"class":138},[68,123136,85],{"class":78},[68,123138,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,123140,129],{"class":128},[68,123142,79],{"class":78},[68,123144,75],{"class":74},[68,123146,79],{"class":78},[68,123148,665],{"class":138},[68,123150,142],{"class":78},[68,123152,123153],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,123154,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,123156,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,123158,870],{"class":106},[68,123160,111],{"class":110},[68,123162,1625],{"class":74},[68,123164,79],{"class":78},[68,123166,665],{"class":138},[68,123168,85],{"class":78},[68,123170,123171,123173,123175,123177],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,123172,129],{"class":128},[68,123174,79],{"class":78},[68,123176,894],{"class":138},[68,123178,85],{"class":78},[68,123180,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,123182,129],{"class":128},[68,123184,79],{"class":78},[68,123186,75],{"class":74},[68,123188,79],{"class":78},[68,123190,894],{"class":138},[68,123192,142],{"class":78},[20,123194,123195,123196,1448,123198,123200,123201,236],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123197,217],{},[15,123199,268],{},", or another type into ",[15,123202,200],{},[93,123204,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,123206,1878,123208,1881],{"id":123207},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123209,1447],{},[20,123211,123212],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1470,123214,12736,123216,123218],{"id":123215},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123217,1447],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123220,123221],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1470,123223,1939,123225,123227],{"id":123224},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123226,1447],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123229,123230],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1470,123232,94604,123234,123236],{"id":123233},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123235,1447],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123238,123239],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1470,123241,1900,123243,1903,123245,1906],{"id":123242},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123244,1447],{},[15,123246,46473],{},[20,123248,1909,123249,123251,123252,123254],{},[15,123250,1447],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123253,46473],{}," shows output.",[93,123256,1952],{"id":1951},[33,123258,123259,123265,123271,123277,123283,123292,123296],{},[36,123260,123261],{},[49,123262,123263,1151],{"href":46470},[15,123264,46473],{},[36,123266,123267],{},[49,123268,123269,1151],{"href":2366},[15,123270,17],{},[36,123272,123273],{},[49,123274,123275,1151],{"href":946},[15,123276,949],{},[36,123278,123279],{},[49,123280,123281,1151],{"href":952},[15,123282,955],{},[36,123284,123285],{},[49,123286,123288,123289,123291],{"href":123287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123290,217],{}," to string in Python",[36,123293,123294],{},[49,123295,90696],{"href":89705},[36,123297,123298],{},[49,123299,30382,123300],{"href":90418},[15,123301,90419],{},[1995,123303,123304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":398,"depth":125,"text":399,"children":123312},[123313,123314,123315,123316],{"id":121899,"depth":145,"text":121900},{"id":121985,"depth":145,"text":121986},{"id":122072,"depth":145,"text":122073},{"id":122158,"depth":145,"text":122159},{"id":122274,"depth":125,"text":123318},"When to use str()",{"id":122405,"depth":125,"text":123320},"str() vs print()",{"id":122574,"depth":125,"text":123322},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":123324},[123325,123327,123328,123330],{"id":122612,"depth":145,"text":123326},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122747,"depth":145,"text":122748},{"id":122809,"depth":145,"text":123329},"Using str() too early",{"id":122867,"depth":145,"text":123331},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":113738,"depth":125,"text":113739},{"id":123105,"depth":125,"text":123106},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":123336},[123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"id":123207,"depth":145,"text":123338},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123215,"depth":145,"text":123340},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123224,"depth":145,"text":123342},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123233,"depth":145,"text":123344},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123242,"depth":145,"text":123346},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42205,"description":123348},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123355,"title":123356,"body":123357,"description":124810,"extension":2033,"meta":124811,"navigation":148,"path":124812,"seo":124813,"stem":124814,"__hash__":124815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123358,"toc":124772},[123359,123365,123371,123374,123396,123398,123460,123462,123475,123481,123486,123491,123493,123506,123517,123519,123546,123548,123565,123572,123583,123585,123590,123592,123604,123612,123621,123623,123626,123679,123681,123689,123697,123701,123706,123746,123748,123756,123759,123761,123801,123803,123811,123821,123827,123830,123903,123905,123918,123922,123927,123955,123958,123993,123995,124003,124006,124010,124014,124016,124032,124034,124074,124076,124084,124093,124136,124138,124146,124148,124152,124158,124161,124201,124203,124211,124216,124219,124262,124266,124269,124304,124309,124311,124350,124360,124368,124378,124386,124390,124395,124397,124438,124440,124448,124453,124456,124459,124477,124483,124487,124492,124495,124535,124537,124542,124641,124644,124660,124662,124681,124683,124690,124693,124699,124702,124708,124712,124718,124721,124727,124730,124732,124769],[10,123360,123362,123363,11352],{"id":123361},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123364,57306],{},[20,123366,123367,123368,123370],{},"The Python string ",[15,123369,57306],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123372,123373],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,123375,123376,123380,123383,123385,123393],{},[36,123377,26053,123378,3725],{},[15,123379,57306],{},[36,123381,123382],{},"its syntax",[36,123384,35425],{},[36,123386,123387,123388,232,123390,123392],{},"how ",[15,123389,36104],{},[15,123391,52676],{}," work",[36,123394,123395],{},"common beginner mistakes",[93,123397,2075],{"id":2074},[59,123399,123401],{"className":61,"code":123400,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123402,123403,123415,123437],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411,123413],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123406,1345],{"class":106},[68,123408,111],{"class":110},[68,123410,115],{"class":114},[68,123412,4132],{"class":118},[68,123414,122],{"class":114},[68,123416,123417,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123418,129],{"class":128},[68,123420,79],{"class":78},[68,123422,1367],{"class":138},[68,123424,236],{"class":78},[68,123426,41291],{"class":138},[68,123428,79],{"class":78},[68,123430,344],{"class":114},[68,123432,49],{"class":118},[68,123434,344],{"class":114},[68,123436,142],{"class":78},[68,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123456,123458],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,123440,129],{"class":128},[68,123442,79],{"class":78},[68,123444,1367],{"class":138},[68,123446,236],{"class":78},[68,123448,41291],{"class":138},[68,123450,79],{"class":78},[68,123452,344],{"class":114},[68,123454,123455],{"class":118},"na",[68,123457,344],{"class":114},[68,123459,142],{"class":78},[20,123461,180],{},[59,123463,123465],{"className":61,"code":123464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"3\n2\n",[15,123466,123467,123471],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123468,123469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123470,46637],{"class":160},[68,123472,123473],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123474,17089],{"class":160},[20,123476,224,123477,123480],{},[15,123478,123479],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[93,123482,240,123484,13031],{"id":123483},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123485,57306],{},[20,123487,123488,123490],{},[15,123489,57306],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123492,13084],{},[33,123494,123495,123498,123501,123503],{},[36,123496,123497],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,123499,123500],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,123502,43687],{},[36,123504,123505],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123507,123508,123509,123511,123512,1448,123514,123516],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123510,18129],{}," characters are in ",[15,123513,65289],{},[15,123515,57306],{}," is a simple choice.",[93,123518,303],{"id":302},[59,123520,123522],{"className":61,"code":123521,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123523,123524],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123525,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123527,61191],{"class":106},[68,123529,236],{"class":78},[68,123531,41291],{"class":138},[68,123533,79],{"class":78},[68,123535,665],{"class":138},[68,123537,472],{"class":78},[68,123539,36083],{"class":138},[68,123541,472],{"class":78},[68,123543,65055],{"class":138},[68,123545,85],{"class":78},[1470,123547,17427],{"id":17426},[33,123549,123550,123555,123560],{},[36,123551,123552,123554],{},[15,123553,665],{},": the text to search for",[36,123556,123557,123559],{},[15,123558,36104],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,123561,123562,123564],{},[15,123563,52676],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123566,123567,232,123569,123571],{},[15,123568,36104],{},[15,123570,52676],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,123573,123574,123579],{},[36,123575,123576,123578],{},[15,123577,36104],{}," is included",[36,123580,123581,75755],{},[15,123582,52676],{},[93,123584,17451],{"id":17450},[20,123586,123587,123589],{},[15,123588,57306],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123591,2198],{},[33,123593,123594,123599],{},[36,123595,123596,123597],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123598,2135],{},[36,123600,123601,123602],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123603,2192],{},[20,123605,1524,123606,5203,123608,384,123610,236],{},[1301,123607,1303],{},[15,123609,290],{},[15,123611,293],{},[20,123613,123614,123615,123620],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[49,123616,123618,101614],{"href":123617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123619,3927],{}," is often a better fit.",[93,123622,11506],{"id":11505},[20,123624,123625],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[59,123627,123629],{"className":61,"code":123628,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123630,123631,123643,123665,123669],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123634,1345],{"class":106},[68,123636,111],{"class":110},[68,123638,115],{"class":114},[68,123640,4123],{"class":118},[68,123642,122],{"class":114},[68,123644,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123646,2297],{"class":106},[68,123648,111],{"class":110},[68,123650,42870],{"class":106},[68,123652,236],{"class":78},[68,123654,41291],{"class":138},[68,123656,79],{"class":78},[68,123658,344],{"class":114},[68,123660,20],{"class":118},[68,123662,344],{"class":114},[68,123664,85],{"class":78},[68,123666,123667],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,123668,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,123670,123671,123673,123675,123677],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,123672,129],{"class":128},[68,123674,79],{"class":78},[68,123676,2331],{"class":138},[68,123678,85],{"class":78},[20,123680,180],{},[59,123682,123683],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,123684,123685],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123686,123687],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123688,17089],{"class":160},[20,123690,63836,123691,123694,123695,236],{},[15,123692,123693],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123696,57849],{},[93,123698,123700],{"id":123699},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123702,123703,123705],{},[15,123704,57306],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[59,123707,123709],{"className":61,"code":123708,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123710,123711,123724],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123712,123713,123715,123717,123719,123722],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123714,1345],{"class":106},[68,123716,111],{"class":110},[68,123718,115],{"class":114},[68,123720,123721],{"class":118},"cat dog cat bird cat",[68,123723,122],{"class":114},[68,123725,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123727,129],{"class":128},[68,123729,79],{"class":78},[68,123731,1367],{"class":138},[68,123733,236],{"class":78},[68,123735,41291],{"class":138},[68,123737,79],{"class":78},[68,123739,344],{"class":114},[68,123741,37080],{"class":118},[68,123743,344],{"class":114},[68,123745,142],{"class":78},[20,123747,180],{},[59,123749,123750],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,123751,123752],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123753,123754],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123755,46637],{"class":160},[20,123757,123758],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123760,326],{},[59,123762,123764],{"className":61,"code":123763,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123765,123766,123779],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123767,123768,123770,123772,123774,123777],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123769,1345],{"class":106},[68,123771,111],{"class":110},[68,123773,115],{"class":114},[68,123775,123776],{"class":118},"one One one",[68,123778,122],{"class":114},[68,123780,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123782,129],{"class":128},[68,123784,79],{"class":78},[68,123786,1367],{"class":138},[68,123788,236],{"class":78},[68,123790,41291],{"class":138},[68,123792,79],{"class":78},[68,123794,344],{"class":114},[68,123796,6624],{"class":118},[68,123798,344],{"class":114},[68,123800,142],{"class":78},[20,123802,180],{},[59,123804,123805],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,123806,123807],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123808,123809],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123810,17089],{"class":160},[20,123812,123813,123814,123817,123818,123820],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123815,123816],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123819,57306],{}," is case-sensitive.",[93,123822,633,123823,232,123825],{"id":65421},[15,123824,36104],{},[15,123826,52676],{},[20,123828,123829],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[59,123831,123833],{"className":61,"code":123832,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123834,123835,123847,123873],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123836,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123838,1345],{"class":106},[68,123840,111],{"class":110},[68,123842,115],{"class":114},[68,123844,4132],{"class":118},[68,123846,122],{"class":114},[68,123848,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123850,129],{"class":128},[68,123852,79],{"class":78},[68,123854,1367],{"class":138},[68,123856,236],{"class":78},[68,123858,41291],{"class":138},[68,123860,79],{"class":78},[68,123862,344],{"class":114},[68,123864,49],{"class":118},[68,123866,344],{"class":114},[68,123868,472],{"class":78},[68,123870,475],{"class":160},[68,123872,142],{"class":78},[68,123874,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,123876,129],{"class":128},[68,123878,79],{"class":78},[68,123880,1367],{"class":138},[68,123882,236],{"class":78},[68,123884,41291],{"class":138},[68,123886,79],{"class":78},[68,123888,344],{"class":114},[68,123890,49],{"class":118},[68,123892,344],{"class":114},[68,123894,472],{"class":78},[68,123896,475],{"class":160},[68,123898,472],{"class":78},[68,123900,4650],{"class":160},[68,123902,142],{"class":78},[20,123904,180],{},[59,123906,123908],{"className":61,"code":123907,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"2\n1\n",[15,123909,123910,123914],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123911,123912],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123913,17089],{"class":160},[68,123915,123916],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123917,46937],{"class":160},[1470,123919,123921],{"id":123920},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123923,123924,123925,503],{},"In ",[15,123926,65289],{},[33,123928,123929,123937,123945],{},[36,123930,70979,123931,123933,123934],{},[15,123932,2129],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123935,123936],{},"\"n\"",[36,123938,123939,123942,123943,76053],{},[15,123940,123941],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123944,2129],{},[36,123946,123947,123942,123950,123952,123953],{},[15,123948,123949],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123951,2129],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123954,1497],{},[20,123956,123957],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[59,123959,123961],{"className":61,"code":123960,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123962,123963,123975],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,123966,1345],{"class":106},[68,123968,111],{"class":110},[68,123970,115],{"class":114},[68,123972,4132],{"class":118},[68,123974,122],{"class":114},[68,123976,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,123978,129],{"class":128},[68,123980,79],{"class":78},[68,123982,1367],{"class":138},[68,123984,795],{"class":78},[68,123986,2129],{"class":160},[68,123988,503],{"class":78},[68,123990,1497],{"class":160},[68,123992,3933],{"class":78},[20,123994,180],{},[59,123996,123997],{"className":61,"code":41500,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,123998,123999],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124000,124001],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124002,41500],{"class":106},[20,124004,124005],{},"Only that section is searched.",[93,124007,124009],{"id":124008},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124011,124012,123820],{},[15,124013,57306],{},[20,124015,2179],{},[33,124017,124018,124026],{},[36,124019,124020,232,124022,124025],{},[15,124021,18129],{},[15,124023,124024],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,124027,124028,232,124030,124025],{},[15,124029,383],{},[15,124031,90431],{},[20,124033,326],{},[59,124035,124037],{"className":61,"code":124036,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124038,124039,124052],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124040,124041,124043,124045,124047,124050],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124042,1345],{"class":106},[68,124044,111],{"class":110},[68,124046,115],{"class":114},[68,124048,124049],{"class":118},"Apple apple APPLE",[68,124051,122],{"class":114},[68,124053,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124055,129],{"class":128},[68,124057,79],{"class":78},[68,124059,1367],{"class":138},[68,124061,236],{"class":78},[68,124063,41291],{"class":138},[68,124065,79],{"class":78},[68,124067,344],{"class":114},[68,124069,4123],{"class":118},[68,124071,344],{"class":114},[68,124073,142],{"class":78},[20,124075,180],{},[59,124077,124078],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,124079,124080],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124081,124082],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124083,46937],{"class":160},[20,124085,124086,124087,503],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[49,124088,124090],{"href":124089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124091,124092],{},"lower()",[59,124094,124096],{"className":61,"code":124095,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124097,124098,124110],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124099,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124101,1345],{"class":106},[68,124103,111],{"class":110},[68,124105,115],{"class":114},[68,124107,124049],{"class":118},[68,124109,122],{"class":114},[68,124111,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124113,129],{"class":128},[68,124115,79],{"class":78},[68,124117,1367],{"class":138},[68,124119,236],{"class":78},[68,124121,8674],{"class":138},[68,124123,8671],{"class":78},[68,124125,41291],{"class":138},[68,124127,79],{"class":78},[68,124129,344],{"class":114},[68,124131,4123],{"class":118},[68,124133,344],{"class":114},[68,124135,142],{"class":78},[20,124137,180],{},[59,124139,124140],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,124141,124142],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124143,124144],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124145,46637],{"class":160},[93,124147,1750],{"id":1749},[20,124149,23130,124150,236],{},[15,124151,57306],{},[1470,124153,1770,124155,124157],{"id":124154},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124156,57306],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124159,124160],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[59,124162,124164],{"className":61,"code":124163,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124165,124166,124179],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124167,124168,124170,124172,124174,124177],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124169,1345],{"class":106},[68,124171,111],{"class":110},[68,124173,115],{"class":114},[68,124175,124176],{"class":118},"Aardvark",[68,124178,122],{"class":114},[68,124180,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124182,129],{"class":128},[68,124184,79],{"class":78},[68,124186,1367],{"class":138},[68,124188,236],{"class":78},[68,124190,41291],{"class":138},[68,124192,79],{"class":78},[68,124194,344],{"class":114},[68,124196,49],{"class":118},[68,124198,344],{"class":114},[68,124200,142],{"class":78},[20,124202,180],{},[59,124204,124205],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,124206,124207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124208,124209],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124210,17089],{"class":160},[20,124212,123813,124213,124215],{},[15,124214,124024],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124217,124218],{},"If needed, convert first:",[59,124220,124222],{"className":61,"code":124221,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124223,124224,124236],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124225,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124227,1345],{"class":106},[68,124229,111],{"class":110},[68,124231,115],{"class":114},[68,124233,124176],{"class":118},[68,124235,122],{"class":114},[68,124237,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124239,129],{"class":128},[68,124241,79],{"class":78},[68,124243,1367],{"class":138},[68,124245,236],{"class":78},[68,124247,8674],{"class":138},[68,124249,8671],{"class":78},[68,124251,41291],{"class":138},[68,124253,79],{"class":78},[68,124255,344],{"class":114},[68,124257,49],{"class":118},[68,124259,344],{"class":114},[68,124261,142],{"class":78},[1470,124263,124265],{"id":124264},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124267,124268],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[59,124270,124272],{"className":61,"code":124271,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124273,124274,124286],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124277,1345],{"class":106},[68,124279,111],{"class":110},[68,124281,115],{"class":114},[68,124283,4132],{"class":118},[68,124285,122],{"class":114},[68,124287,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124289,129],{"class":128},[68,124291,79],{"class":78},[68,124293,1367],{"class":138},[68,124295,236],{"class":78},[68,124297,41291],{"class":138},[68,124299,79],{"class":78},[68,124301,49],{"class":138},[68,124303,142],{"class":78},[20,124305,124306,124307,236],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124308,49],{},[20,124310,10837],{},[59,124312,124314],{"className":61,"code":124313,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124315,124316,124328],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124317,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124319,1345],{"class":106},[68,124321,111],{"class":110},[68,124323,115],{"class":114},[68,124325,4132],{"class":118},[68,124327,122],{"class":114},[68,124329,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124331,129],{"class":128},[68,124333,79],{"class":78},[68,124335,1367],{"class":138},[68,124337,236],{"class":78},[68,124339,41291],{"class":138},[68,124341,79],{"class":78},[68,124343,344],{"class":114},[68,124345,49],{"class":118},[68,124347,344],{"class":114},[68,124349,142],{"class":78},[1470,124351,37237,124353,8739,124355,384,124358],{"id":124352},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124354,57306],{},[15,124356,124357],{},"find()",[15,124359,58984],{},[20,124361,224,124362,124364,124365,236],{},[15,124363,57306],{}," when you need the ",[1301,124366,124367],{},"number of matches",[20,124369,224,124370,124364,124375,124377],{},[49,124371,124373],{"href":124372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124374,124357],{},[1301,124376,64961],{}," of the first match.",[20,124379,224,124380,124385],{},[49,124381,124383],{"href":124382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124384,58984],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1470,124387,124389],{"id":124388},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124391,124392,124394],{},[15,124393,57306],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124396,326],{},[59,124398,124400],{"className":61,"code":124399,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124401,124402,124415],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124403,124404,124406,124408,124410,124413],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124405,1345],{"class":106},[68,124407,111],{"class":110},[68,124409,115],{"class":114},[68,124411,124412],{"class":118},"aaaa",[68,124414,122],{"class":114},[68,124416,124417,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124434,124436],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124418,129],{"class":128},[68,124420,79],{"class":78},[68,124422,1367],{"class":138},[68,124424,236],{"class":78},[68,124426,41291],{"class":138},[68,124428,79],{"class":78},[68,124430,344],{"class":114},[68,124432,124433],{"class":118},"aa",[68,124435,344],{"class":114},[68,124437,142],{"class":78},[20,124439,180],{},[59,124441,124442],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,124443,124444],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124445,124446],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124447,17089],{"class":160},[20,124449,124450,124451,236],{},"It does not return ",[15,124452,2135],{},[20,124454,124455],{},"Why not?",[20,124457,124458],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,124460,124461,124470],{},[36,124462,124463,124466,124467],{},[15,124464,124465],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124468,124469],{},"0-1",[36,124471,124472,124466,124474],{},[15,124473,124465],{},[15,124475,124476],{},"2-3",[20,124478,124479,124480,236],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124481,124482],{},"1-2",[93,124484,1311,124485],{"id":58389},[15,124486,57306],{},[20,124488,224,124489,124491],{},[15,124490,57306],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124493,124494],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,124496,124497,124506,124516,124526],{},[36,124498,224,124499,124501,124502,124505],{},[15,124500,57306],{}," when you need ",[1301,124503,124504],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,124507,224,124508,124501,124512,124515],{},[49,124509,124510],{"href":124372},[15,124511,124357],{},[1301,124513,124514],{},"where"," it appears",[36,124517,47830,124518,124522,124523],{},[49,124519,124520,101614],{"href":123617},[15,124521,3927],{}," when you only need to know ",[1301,124524,124525],{},"if it exists",[36,124527,224,124528,124534],{},[49,124529,124531],{"href":124530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124532,124533],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[93,124536,25976],{"id":25975},[20,124538,8909,124539,124541],{},[15,124540,57306],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[59,124543,124545],{"className":61,"code":124544,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124546,124547,124557,124571,124593,124619],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124548,124549,124551,124553,124555],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124550,129],{"class":128},[68,124552,79],{"class":78},[68,124554,1367],{"class":138},[68,124556,85],{"class":78},[68,124558,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124560,129],{"class":128},[68,124562,79],{"class":78},[68,124564,75],{"class":74},[68,124566,79],{"class":78},[68,124568,1367],{"class":138},[68,124570,142],{"class":78},[68,124572,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,124574,129],{"class":128},[68,124576,79],{"class":78},[68,124578,1367],{"class":138},[68,124580,236],{"class":78},[68,124582,41291],{"class":138},[68,124584,79],{"class":78},[68,124586,344],{"class":114},[68,124588,49],{"class":118},[68,124590,344],{"class":114},[68,124592,142],{"class":78},[68,124594,124595,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,124596,129],{"class":128},[68,124598,79],{"class":78},[68,124600,1367],{"class":138},[68,124602,236],{"class":78},[68,124604,8674],{"class":138},[68,124606,8671],{"class":78},[68,124608,41291],{"class":138},[68,124610,79],{"class":78},[68,124612,344],{"class":114},[68,124614,49],{"class":118},[68,124616,344],{"class":114},[68,124618,142],{"class":78},[68,124620,124621,124623,124625,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,124622,129],{"class":128},[68,124624,79],{"class":78},[68,124626,1367],{"class":138},[68,124628,236],{"class":78},[68,124630,41291],{"class":138},[68,124632,79],{"class":78},[68,124634,344],{"class":114},[68,124636,123455],{"class":118},[68,124638,344],{"class":114},[68,124640,142],{"class":78},[20,124642,124643],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,124645,124646,124649,124654,124657],{},[36,124647,124648],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,124650,124651,124653],{},[15,124652,1367],{}," not being a string",[36,124655,124656],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,124658,124659],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124661,58878],{},[33,124663,124664,124667,124670,124673],{},[36,124665,124666],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,124668,124669],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,124671,124672],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,124674,50506,124675,1784,124677,384,124679,73325],{},[15,124676,57306],{},[15,124678,124357],{},[15,124680,3927],{},[93,124682,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,124684,124686,124687,124689],{"id":124685},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124688,57306],{}," change the original string?",[20,124691,124692],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1470,124694,1900,124696,124698],{"id":124695},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124697,57306],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124700,124701],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1470,124703,1878,124705,124707],{"id":124704},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124706,57306],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124709,5191,124710,236],{},[15,124711,2192],{},[1470,124713,1939,124715,124717],{"id":124714},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124716,57306],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124719,124720],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1470,124722,12736,124724,124726],{"id":124723},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124725,57306],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124728,124729],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[93,124731,1952],{"id":1951},[33,124733,124734,124741,124748,124755,124762],{},[36,124735,124736],{},[49,124737,124738],{"href":124372},[15,124739,124740],{},"Python string find() method",[36,124742,124743],{},[49,124744,124745],{"href":124382},[15,124746,124747],{},"Python string index() method",[36,124749,124750],{},[49,124751,124752],{"href":124089},[15,124753,124754],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,124756,124757],{},[49,124758,124759],{"href":123617},[15,124760,124761],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,124763,124764],{},[49,124765,124766],{"href":124530},[15,124767,124768],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1995,124770,124771],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":124773},[124774,124775,124777,124780,124781,124782,124783,124786,124787,124795,124796,124797,124809],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":123483,"depth":125,"text":124776},"What the count() method does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":124778},[124779],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":123699,"depth":125,"text":123700},{"id":65421,"depth":125,"text":66204,"children":124784},[124785],{"id":123920,"depth":145,"text":123921},{"id":124008,"depth":125,"text":124009},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":124788},[124789,124791,124792,124794],{"id":124154,"depth":145,"text":124790},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124264,"depth":145,"text":124265},{"id":124352,"depth":145,"text":124793},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124388,"depth":145,"text":124389},{"id":58389,"depth":125,"text":59020},{"id":25975,"depth":125,"text":25976},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":124798},[124799,124801,124803,124805,124807],{"id":124685,"depth":145,"text":124800},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124695,"depth":145,"text":124802},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124704,"depth":145,"text":124804},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124714,"depth":145,"text":124806},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124723,"depth":145,"text":124808},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123356,"description":124810},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124817,"title":124818,"body":124819,"description":126403,"extension":2033,"meta":126404,"navigation":148,"path":126405,"seo":126406,"stem":126407,"__hash__":126408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124820,"toc":126376},[124821,124824,124827,124924,124933,124935,124954,124958,124961,124964,124977,124980,125009,125014,125019,125077,125079,125111,125117,125121,125124,125127,125156,125159,125186,125189,125192,125196,125199,125206,125269,125271,125289,125292,125296,125299,125302,125344,125347,125391,125394,125397,125401,125406,125409,125452,125454,125477,125480,125513,125516,125565,125575,125579,125582,125585,125614,125617,125628,125630,125689,125692,125696,125699,125702,125717,125726,125729,125763,125766,125793,125796,125803,125805,125808,125810,125813,125827,125836,125838,125865,125869,125872,125886,125889,125948,125952,125955,125982,125985,126012,126020,126023,126083,126085,126118,126122,126125,126144,126149,126198,126203,126205,126208,126267,126285,126287,126291,126299,126303,126306,126310,126316,126320,126330,126334,126337,126339,126373],[10,124822,124818],{"id":124823},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124825,124826],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[59,124828,124830],{"className":61,"code":124829,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124831,124832,124844,124856,124865,124879,124883,124893,124903,124914],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124833,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124835,107],{"class":106},[68,124837,111],{"class":110},[68,124839,115],{"class":114},[68,124841,119],{"class":118},[68,124843,122],{"class":114},[68,124845,124846,124848,124850,124852,124854],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124847,90020],{"class":106},[68,124849,111],{"class":110},[68,124851,197],{"class":114},[68,124853,34897],{"class":118},[68,124855,29734],{"class":114},[68,124857,124858,124861,124863],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,124859,124860],{"class":106},"empty ",[68,124862,111],{"class":110},[68,124864,7919],{"class":114},[68,124866,124867,124869,124871,124873,124875,124877],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,124868,1345],{"class":106},[68,124870,111],{"class":110},[68,124872,1625],{"class":74},[68,124874,79],{"class":78},[68,124876,1352],{"class":160},[68,124878,85],{"class":78},[68,124880,124881],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,124882,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,124884,124885,124887,124889,124891],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,124886,129],{"class":128},[68,124888,79],{"class":78},[68,124890,139],{"class":138},[68,124892,85],{"class":78},[68,124894,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,124896,129],{"class":128},[68,124898,79],{"class":78},[68,124900,90037],{"class":138},[68,124902,85],{"class":78},[68,124904,124905,124907,124909,124912],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,124906,129],{"class":128},[68,124908,79],{"class":78},[68,124910,124911],{"class":138},"empty",[68,124913,85],{"class":78},[68,124915,124916,124918,124920,124922],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,124917,129],{"class":128},[68,124919,79],{"class":78},[68,124921,1367],{"class":138},[68,124923,85],{"class":78},[20,124925,124926,124929,124930,124932],{},[1301,124927,124928],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124931,1447],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[93,124934,15194],{"id":15193},[33,124936,124937,124940,124943,124946,124951],{},[36,124938,124939],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,124941,124942],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,124944,124945],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,124947,124948,124949],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124950,1447],{},[36,124952,124953],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[93,124955,124957],{"id":124956},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124959,124960],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124962,124963],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,124965,124966,124969,124971,124974],{},[36,124967,124968],{},"Letters",[36,124970,56478],{},[36,124972,124973],{},"Spaces",[36,124975,124976],{},"Symbols",[20,124978,124979],{},"Examples of strings:",[59,124981,124983],{"className":61,"code":124982,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124984,124985,124993,125001],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,124986,124987,124989,124991],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,124988,344],{"class":43357},[68,124990,347],{"class":43361},[68,124992,122],{"class":43357},[68,124994,124995,124997,124999],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,124996,344],{"class":43357},[68,124998,1352],{"class":43361},[68,125000,122],{"class":43357},[68,125002,125003,125005,125007],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125004,344],{"class":43357},[68,125006,89162],{"class":43361},[68,125008,122],{"class":43357},[20,125010,21012,125011,125013],{},[15,125012,50310],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125015,125016,125017,503],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125018,17],{},[59,125020,125022],{"className":61,"code":125021,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125023,125024,125036,125045,125049,125063],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125027,1345],{"class":106},[68,125029,111],{"class":110},[68,125031,115],{"class":114},[68,125033,1352],{"class":118},[68,125035,122],{"class":114},[68,125037,125038,125040,125042],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125039,155],{"class":106},[68,125041,111],{"class":110},[68,125043,125044],{"class":160}," 123\n",[68,125046,125047],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125048,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125050,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059,125061],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125052,129],{"class":128},[68,125054,79],{"class":78},[68,125056,75],{"class":74},[68,125058,79],{"class":78},[68,125060,1367],{"class":138},[68,125062,142],{"class":78},[68,125064,125065,125067,125069,125071,125073,125075],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125066,129],{"class":128},[68,125068,79],{"class":78},[68,125070,75],{"class":74},[68,125072,79],{"class":78},[68,125074,175],{"class":138},[68,125076,142],{"class":78},[20,125078,180],{},[59,125080,125081],{"className":61,"code":183,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,125082,125083,125097],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125084,125085,125087,125089,125091,125093,125095],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125086,190],{"class":110},[68,125088,194],{"class":193},[68,125090,197],{"class":114},[68,125092,200],{"class":118},[68,125094,203],{"class":114},[68,125096,206],{"class":110},[68,125098,125099,125101,125103,125105,125107,125109],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125100,190],{"class":110},[68,125102,194],{"class":193},[68,125104,197],{"class":114},[68,125106,217],{"class":118},[68,125108,203],{"class":114},[68,125110,206],{"class":110},[20,125112,125113,125114,236],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[49,125115,125116],{"href":50990},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[93,125118,125120],{"id":125119},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125122,125123],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125125,125126],{},"You can use single quotes:",[59,125128,125130],{"className":61,"code":125129,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125131,125132,125145],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125133,125134,125137,125139,125141,125143],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125135,125136],{"class":106},"greeting ",[68,125138,111],{"class":110},[68,125140,197],{"class":114},[68,125142,347],{"class":118},[68,125144,29734],{"class":114},[68,125146,125147,125149,125151,125154],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125148,129],{"class":128},[68,125150,79],{"class":78},[68,125152,125153],{"class":138},"greeting",[68,125155,85],{"class":78},[20,125157,125158],{},"Or double quotes:",[59,125160,125162],{"className":61,"code":125161,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125163,125164,125176],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125165,125166,125168,125170,125172,125174],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125167,125136],{"class":106},[68,125169,111],{"class":110},[68,125171,115],{"class":114},[68,125173,347],{"class":118},[68,125175,122],{"class":114},[68,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125179,129],{"class":128},[68,125181,79],{"class":78},[68,125183,125153],{"class":138},[68,125185,85],{"class":78},[20,125187,125188],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125190,125191],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[93,125193,125195],{"id":125194},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125197,125198],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125200,125201,125202,384,125204,503],{},"Use either ",[15,125203,6313],{},[15,125205,3819],{},[59,125207,125209],{"className":61,"code":125208,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125210,125211,125220,125229,125233,125244,125255],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125212,125213,125216,125218],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125214,125215],{"class":106},"empty1 ",[68,125217,111],{"class":110},[68,125219,7919],{"class":114},[68,125221,125222,125225,125227],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125223,125224],{"class":106},"empty2 ",[68,125226,111],{"class":110},[68,125228,47516],{"class":114},[68,125230,125231],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125232,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125234,125235,125237,125239,125242],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125236,129],{"class":128},[68,125238,79],{"class":78},[68,125240,125241],{"class":138},"empty1",[68,125243,85],{"class":78},[68,125245,125246,125248,125250,125253],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125247,129],{"class":128},[68,125249,79],{"class":78},[68,125251,125252],{"class":138},"empty2",[68,125254,85],{"class":78},[68,125256,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265,125267],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,125258,129],{"class":128},[68,125260,79],{"class":78},[68,125262,75],{"class":74},[68,125264,79],{"class":78},[68,125266,125241],{"class":138},[68,125268,142],{"class":78},[20,125270,180],{},[59,125272,125273],{"className":61,"code":356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,125274,125275],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125276,125277,125279,125281,125283,125285,125287],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125278,190],{"class":110},[68,125280,194],{"class":193},[68,125282,197],{"class":114},[68,125284,200],{"class":118},[68,125286,203],{"class":114},[68,125288,206],{"class":110},[20,125290,125291],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[93,125293,125295],{"id":125294},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125297,125298],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125300,125301],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[59,125303,125305],{"className":61,"code":125304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125306,125307,125318,125323,125330,125334],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125308,125309,125311,125313,125316],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125310,90020],{"class":106},[68,125312,111],{"class":110},[68,125314,125315],{"class":114}," \"\"\"",[68,125317,88962],{"class":118},[68,125319,125320],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125321,125322],{"class":118},"Welcome to Python\n",[68,125324,125325,125328],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125326,125327],{"class":118},"Have a nice day",[68,125329,43365],{"class":114},[68,125331,125332],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125333,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125335,125336,125338,125340,125342],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125337,129],{"class":128},[68,125339,79],{"class":78},[68,125341,90037],{"class":138},[68,125343,85],{"class":78},[20,125345,125346],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[59,125348,125350],{"className":61,"code":125349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125351,125352,125364,125369,125377,125381],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125353,125354,125356,125358,125361],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125355,90020],{"class":106},[68,125357,111],{"class":110},[68,125359,125360],{"class":114}," '''",[68,125362,125363],{"class":118},"Line 1\n",[68,125365,125366],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125367,125368],{"class":118},"Line 2\n",[68,125370,125371,125374],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125372,125373],{"class":118},"Line 3",[68,125375,125376],{"class":114},"'''\n",[68,125378,125379],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125380,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125382,125383,125385,125387,125389],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125384,129],{"class":128},[68,125386,79],{"class":78},[68,125388,90037],{"class":138},[68,125390,85],{"class":78},[20,125392,125393],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125395,125396],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[93,125398,125400],{"id":125399},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125402,2050,125403,125405],{},[15,125404,1447],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125407,125408],{},"Example with a number:",[59,125410,125412],{"className":61,"code":125411,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125413,125414,125428,125438],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125415,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424,125426],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125417,1345],{"class":106},[68,125419,111],{"class":110},[68,125421,1625],{"class":74},[68,125423,79],{"class":78},[68,125425,387],{"class":160},[68,125427,85],{"class":78},[68,125429,125430,125432,125434,125436],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125431,129],{"class":128},[68,125433,79],{"class":78},[68,125435,1367],{"class":138},[68,125437,85],{"class":78},[68,125439,125440,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125441,129],{"class":128},[68,125443,79],{"class":78},[68,125445,75],{"class":74},[68,125447,79],{"class":78},[68,125449,1367],{"class":138},[68,125451,142],{"class":78},[20,125453,180],{},[59,125455,125457],{"className":61,"code":125456,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125458,125459,125463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125460,125461],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125462,46632],{"class":160},[68,125464,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473,125475],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125466,190],{"class":110},[68,125468,194],{"class":193},[68,125470,197],{"class":114},[68,125472,200],{"class":118},[68,125474,203],{"class":114},[68,125476,206],{"class":110},[20,125478,125479],{},"You can also convert other values:",[59,125481,125483],{"className":61,"code":125482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125484,125485,125499],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125486,125487,125489,125491,125493,125495,125497],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125488,129],{"class":128},[68,125490,79],{"class":78},[68,125492,200],{"class":74},[68,125494,79],{"class":78},[68,125496,290],{"class":526},[68,125498,142],{"class":78},[68,125500,125501,125503,125505,125507,125509,125511],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125502,129],{"class":128},[68,125504,79],{"class":78},[68,125506,200],{"class":74},[68,125508,79],{"class":78},[68,125510,453],{"class":160},[68,125512,142],{"class":78},[20,125514,125515],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[59,125517,125519],{"className":61,"code":125518,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125520,125521,125529,125551,125555],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125522,125523,125525,125527],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125524,21663],{"class":106},[68,125526,111],{"class":110},[68,125528,45252],{"class":160},[68,125530,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543,125545,125547,125549],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125532,90020],{"class":106},[68,125534,111],{"class":110},[68,125536,115],{"class":114},[68,125538,89438],{"class":118},[68,125540,344],{"class":114},[68,125542,2518],{"class":110},[68,125544,1625],{"class":74},[68,125546,79],{"class":78},[68,125548,395],{"class":138},[68,125550,85],{"class":78},[68,125552,125553],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125554,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125556,125557,125559,125561,125563],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125558,129],{"class":128},[68,125560,79],{"class":78},[68,125562,90037],{"class":138},[68,125564,85],{"class":78},[20,125566,125567,125568,384,125572,236],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[49,125569,13,125570,1151],{"href":1444},[15,125571,1447],{},[49,125573,125574],{"href":123287},"how to convert int to string in Python",[93,125576,125578],{"id":125577},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125580,125581],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125583,125584],{},"Both of these are valid:",[59,125586,125588],{"className":61,"code":125587,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125589,125590,125602],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125593,2618],{"class":106},[68,125595,111],{"class":110},[68,125597,197],{"class":114},[68,125599,7334],{"class":118},[68,125601,29734],{"class":114},[68,125603,125604,125606,125608,125610,125612],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125605,2646],{"class":106},[68,125607,111],{"class":110},[68,125609,115],{"class":114},[68,125611,7334],{"class":118},[68,125613,122],{"class":114},[20,125615,125616],{},"A common rule is:",[33,125618,125619,125622,125625],{},[36,125620,125621],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,125623,125624],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,125626,125627],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125629,326],{},[59,125631,125633],{"className":61,"code":125632,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125634,125635,125649,125663,125667,125678],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125636,125637,125640,125642,125644,125647],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125638,125639],{"class":106},"text1 ",[68,125641,111],{"class":110},[68,125643,115],{"class":114},[68,125645,125646],{"class":118},"It's working",[68,125648,122],{"class":114},[68,125650,125651,125654,125656,125658,125661],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125652,125653],{"class":106},"text2 ",[68,125655,111],{"class":110},[68,125657,197],{"class":114},[68,125659,125660],{"class":118},"She said \"hello\"",[68,125662,29734],{"class":114},[68,125664,125665],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125666,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125668,125669,125671,125673,125676],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125670,129],{"class":128},[68,125672,79],{"class":78},[68,125674,125675],{"class":138},"text1",[68,125677,85],{"class":78},[68,125679,125680,125682,125684,125687],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125681,129],{"class":128},[68,125683,79],{"class":78},[68,125685,125686],{"class":138},"text2",[68,125688,85],{"class":78},[20,125690,125691],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[93,125693,125695],{"id":125694},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125697,125698],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125700,125701],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[59,125703,125705],{"className":61,"code":125704,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125706,125707,125712],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125708,125709],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125710,125711],{"class":3708},"# This will cause an error\n",[68,125713,125714],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125715,125716],{"class":3708},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125718,125719,125720,35360,125722,125725],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125721,203],{},[15,125723,125724],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125727,125728],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[59,125730,125732],{"className":61,"code":125731,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125733,125734,125753],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125735,125736,125738,125740,125742,125745,125748,125751],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125737,1345],{"class":106},[68,125739,111],{"class":110},[68,125741,197],{"class":114},[68,125743,125744],{"class":118},"It",[68,125746,125747],{"class":34486},"\\'",[68,125749,125750],{"class":118},"s working",[68,125752,29734],{"class":114},[68,125754,125755,125757,125759,125761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125756,129],{"class":128},[68,125758,79],{"class":78},[68,125760,1367],{"class":138},[68,125762,85],{"class":78},[20,125764,125765],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[59,125767,125769],{"className":61,"code":125768,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125770,125771,125783],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125772,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125774,1345],{"class":106},[68,125776,111],{"class":110},[68,125778,115],{"class":114},[68,125780,125646],{"class":118},[68,125782,122],{"class":114},[68,125784,125785,125787,125789,125791],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125786,129],{"class":128},[68,125788,79],{"class":78},[68,125790,1367],{"class":138},[68,125792,85],{"class":78},[20,125794,125795],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125797,125798,125799,236],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[49,125800,125802],{"href":125801},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[93,125804,1750],{"id":1749},[20,125806,125807],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1470,125809,90227],{"id":90226},[20,125811,125812],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[59,125814,125816],{"className":61,"code":125815,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125817,125818,125822],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125819,125820],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125821,125711],{"class":3708},[68,125823,125824],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125825,125826],{"class":3708},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125828,125829,125830,8635,125833,125835],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125831,125832],{},"NameError",[15,125834,119],{}," is not defined.",[20,125837,10837],{},[59,125839,125841],{"className":61,"code":125840,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125842,125843,125855],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125844,125845,125847,125849,125851,125853],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125846,107],{"class":106},[68,125848,111],{"class":110},[68,125850,115],{"class":114},[68,125852,119],{"class":118},[68,125854,122],{"class":114},[68,125856,125857,125859,125861,125863],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125858,129],{"class":128},[68,125860,79],{"class":78},[68,125862,139],{"class":138},[68,125864,85],{"class":78},[1470,125866,125868],{"id":125867},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125870,125871],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[59,125873,125875],{"className":61,"code":125874,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125876,125877,125881],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125878,125879],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125880,125711],{"class":3708},[68,125882,125883],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125884,125885],{"class":3708},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125887,125888],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[59,125890,125892],{"className":61,"code":125891,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125893,125894,125911,125924,125928,125938],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125895,125896,125898,125900,125902,125904,125906,125909],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125897,125639],{"class":106},[68,125899,111],{"class":110},[68,125901,197],{"class":114},[68,125903,125744],{"class":118},[68,125905,125747],{"class":34486},[68,125907,125908],{"class":118},"s good",[68,125910,29734],{"class":114},[68,125912,125913,125915,125917,125919,125922],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125914,125653],{"class":106},[68,125916,111],{"class":110},[68,125918,115],{"class":114},[68,125920,125921],{"class":118},"It's good",[68,125923,122],{"class":114},[68,125925,125926],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,125927,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,125929,125930,125932,125934,125936],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,125931,129],{"class":128},[68,125933,79],{"class":78},[68,125935,125675],{"class":138},[68,125937,85],{"class":78},[68,125939,125940,125942,125944,125946],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,125941,129],{"class":128},[68,125943,79],{"class":78},[68,125945,125686],{"class":138},[68,125947,85],{"class":78},[1470,125949,125951],{"id":125950},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125953,125954],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[59,125956,125958],{"className":61,"code":125957,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125959,125960,125972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125961,125962,125964,125966,125968,125970],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125963,1345],{"class":106},[68,125965,111],{"class":110},[68,125967,125315],{"class":114},[68,125969,347],{"class":118},[68,125971,43365],{"class":114},[68,125973,125974,125976,125978,125980],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,125975,129],{"class":128},[68,125977,79],{"class":78},[68,125979,1367],{"class":138},[68,125981,85],{"class":78},[20,125983,125984],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[59,125986,125988],{"className":61,"code":125987,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125989,125990,126002],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,125991,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,125993,1345],{"class":106},[68,125995,111],{"class":110},[68,125997,115],{"class":114},[68,125999,347],{"class":118},[68,126001,122],{"class":114},[68,126003,126004,126006,126008,126010],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126005,129],{"class":128},[68,126007,79],{"class":78},[68,126009,1367],{"class":138},[68,126011,85],{"class":78},[1470,126013,4624,126015,232,126017,126019],{"id":126014},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126016,1352],{},[15,126018,50310],{}," are the same type",[20,126021,126022],{},"They are different:",[59,126024,126026],{"className":61,"code":126025,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126027,126028,126037,126050,126054,126068],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126029,126030,126033,126035],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126031,126032],{"class":106},"value1 ",[68,126034,111],{"class":110},[68,126036,125044],{"class":160},[68,126038,126039,126042,126044,126046,126048],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126040,126041],{"class":106},"value2 ",[68,126043,111],{"class":110},[68,126045,115],{"class":114},[68,126047,1352],{"class":118},[68,126049,122],{"class":114},[68,126051,126052],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126053,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,126055,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064,126066],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,126057,129],{"class":128},[68,126059,79],{"class":78},[68,126061,75],{"class":74},[68,126063,79],{"class":78},[68,126065,84783],{"class":138},[68,126067,142],{"class":78},[68,126069,126070,126072,126074,126076,126078,126081],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,126071,129],{"class":128},[68,126073,79],{"class":78},[68,126075,75],{"class":74},[68,126077,79],{"class":78},[68,126079,126080],{"class":138},"value2",[68,126082,142],{"class":78},[20,126084,180],{},[59,126086,126088],{"className":61,"code":126087,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126089,126090,126104],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126091,126092,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126093,190],{"class":110},[68,126095,194],{"class":193},[68,126097,197],{"class":114},[68,126099,217],{"class":118},[68,126101,203],{"class":114},[68,126103,206],{"class":110},[68,126105,126106,126108,126110,126112,126114,126116],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126107,190],{"class":110},[68,126109,194],{"class":193},[68,126111,197],{"class":114},[68,126113,200],{"class":118},[68,126115,203],{"class":114},[68,126117,206],{"class":110},[1470,126119,126121],{"id":126120},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126123,126124],{},"This causes a type error:",[59,126126,126128],{"className":61,"code":126127,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126129,126130,126134,126139],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126131,126132],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126133,125711],{"class":3708},[68,126135,126136],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126137,126138],{"class":3708},"# age = 10\n",[68,126140,126141],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126142,126143],{"class":3708},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126145,126146,126147,503],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126148,1447],{},[59,126150,126152],{"className":61,"code":126151,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126153,126154,126162,126184,126188],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126155,126156,126158,126160],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126157,21663],{"class":106},[68,126159,111],{"class":110},[68,126161,161],{"class":160},[68,126163,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180,126182],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126165,90020],{"class":106},[68,126167,111],{"class":110},[68,126169,115],{"class":114},[68,126171,89438],{"class":118},[68,126173,344],{"class":114},[68,126175,2518],{"class":110},[68,126177,1625],{"class":74},[68,126179,79],{"class":78},[68,126181,395],{"class":138},[68,126183,85],{"class":78},[68,126185,126186],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126187,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,126189,126190,126192,126194,126196],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,126191,129],{"class":128},[68,126193,79],{"class":78},[68,126195,90037],{"class":138},[68,126197,85],{"class":78},[20,126199,126200,126201,236],{},"For this specific error, see ",[49,126202,90419],{"href":90418},[1470,126204,60727],{"id":60726},[20,126206,126207],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[59,126209,126211],{"className":61,"code":126210,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126212,126213,126225,126229,126239,126253],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126214,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126216,1345],{"class":106},[68,126218,111],{"class":110},[68,126220,115],{"class":114},[68,126222,347],{"class":118},[68,126224,122],{"class":114},[68,126226,126227],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126228,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,126230,126231,126233,126235,126237],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126232,129],{"class":128},[68,126234,79],{"class":78},[68,126236,1367],{"class":138},[68,126238,85],{"class":78},[68,126240,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,126242,129],{"class":128},[68,126244,79],{"class":78},[68,126246,75],{"class":74},[68,126248,79],{"class":78},[68,126250,1367],{"class":138},[68,126252,142],{"class":78},[68,126254,126255,126257,126259,126261,126263,126265],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,126256,129],{"class":128},[68,126258,79],{"class":78},[68,126260,1839],{"class":128},[68,126262,79],{"class":78},[68,126264,1367],{"class":138},[68,126266,142],{"class":78},[33,126268,126269,126274,126279],{},[36,126270,126271,46301],{},[15,126272,126273],{},"print(text)",[36,126275,126276,46306],{},[15,126277,126278],{},"print(type(text))",[36,126280,126281,126284],{},[15,126282,126283],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[93,126286,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,126288,126290],{"id":126289},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126292,126293,126294,384,126297,236],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126295,126296],{},"'hello'",[15,126298,383],{},[1470,126300,126302],{"id":126301},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126304,126305],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1470,126307,126309],{"id":126308},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126311,224,126312,384,126314,236],{},[15,126313,6313],{},[15,126315,3819],{},[1470,126317,126319],{"id":126318},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126321,224,126322,126324,126325,126327,126328,236],{},[15,126323,1447],{},", like ",[15,126326,80393],{},", which returns ",[15,126329,42156],{},[1470,126331,126333],{"id":126332},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126335,126336],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[93,126338,1952],{"id":1951},[33,126340,126341,126345,126351,126356,126365,126369],{},[36,126342,126343],{},[49,126344,125116],{"href":50990},[36,126346,126347],{},[49,126348,13,126349,1151],{"href":1444},[15,126350,1447],{},[36,126352,126353],{},[49,126354,126355],{"href":123287},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,126357,126358],{},[49,126359,126361,126362,10770],{"href":126360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126363,126364],{},"format()",[36,126366,126367],{},[49,126368,125802],{"href":125801},[36,126370,126371],{},[49,126372,90419],{"href":90418},[1995,126374,126375],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":126377},[126378,126379,126380,126381,126382,126383,126384,126385,126386,126395,126402],{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":124956,"depth":125,"text":124957},{"id":125119,"depth":125,"text":125120},{"id":125194,"depth":125,"text":125195},{"id":125294,"depth":125,"text":125295},{"id":125399,"depth":125,"text":125400},{"id":125577,"depth":125,"text":125578},{"id":125694,"depth":125,"text":125695},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":126387},[126388,126389,126390,126391,126393,126394],{"id":90226,"depth":145,"text":90227},{"id":125867,"depth":145,"text":125868},{"id":125950,"depth":145,"text":125951},{"id":126014,"depth":145,"text":126392},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126120,"depth":145,"text":126121},{"id":60726,"depth":145,"text":60727},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":126396},[126397,126398,126399,126400,126401],{"id":126289,"depth":145,"text":126290},{"id":126301,"depth":145,"text":126302},{"id":126308,"depth":145,"text":126309},{"id":126318,"depth":145,"text":126319},{"id":126332,"depth":145,"text":126333},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124818,"description":126403},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126410,"title":126411,"body":126412,"description":128326,"extension":2033,"meta":128327,"navigation":148,"path":128328,"seo":128329,"stem":128330,"__hash__":128331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126413,"toc":128287},[126414,126420,126425,126433,126435,126502,126504,126516,126525,126530,126534,126551,126553,126618,126620,126632,126637,126639,126667,126688,126691,126730,126732,126740,126744,126748,126752,126760,126763,126804,126806,126814,126817,126874,126876,126884,126888,126893,126937,126939,126947,126956,126960,126965,127013,127015,127023,127029,127031,127035,127047,127052,127131,127133,127153,127157,127161,127201,127203,127211,127215,127258,127260,127268,127272,127312,127314,127322,127326,127382,127384,127392,127398,127400,127404,127414,127481,127483,127496,127503,127546,127548,127556,127560,127563,127619,127621,127629,127632,127634,127711,127713,127721,127730,127732,127736,127740,127742,127764,127767,127814,127818,127857,127859,127867,127869,127911,127918,127923,127985,127987,127999,128005,128010,128059,128061,128080,128086,128088,128107,128109,128200,128202,128208,128215,128221,128227,128232,128241,128248,128256,128258,128284],[10,126415,123362,126417,11352],{"id":126416},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126418,126419],{},"endswith()",[20,126421,123367,126422,126424],{},[15,126423,126419],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126426,126427,126428,384,126430,126432],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126429,290],{},[15,126431,293],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[93,126434,2075],{"id":2074},[59,126436,126438],{"className":61,"code":126437,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126439,126440,126454,126479],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126441,126442,126445,126447,126449,126452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126443,126444],{"class":106},"filename ",[68,126446,111],{"class":110},[68,126448,115],{"class":114},[68,126450,126451],{"class":118},"report.csv",[68,126453,122],{"class":114},[68,126455,126456,126458,126460,126463,126465,126468,126470,126472,126475,126477],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126457,129],{"class":128},[68,126459,79],{"class":78},[68,126461,126462],{"class":138},"filename",[68,126464,236],{"class":78},[68,126466,126467],{"class":138},"endswith",[68,126469,79],{"class":78},[68,126471,344],{"class":114},[68,126473,126474],{"class":118},".csv",[68,126476,344],{"class":114},[68,126478,142],{"class":78},[68,126480,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126498,126500],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126482,129],{"class":128},[68,126484,79],{"class":78},[68,126486,126462],{"class":138},[68,126488,236],{"class":78},[68,126490,126467],{"class":138},[68,126492,79],{"class":78},[68,126494,344],{"class":114},[68,126496,126497],{"class":118},".txt",[68,126499,344],{"class":114},[68,126501,142],{"class":78},[20,126503,180],{},[59,126505,126506],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126507,126508,126512],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126509,126510],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126511,1070],{"class":526},[68,126513,126514],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126515,4084],{"class":526},[20,126517,224,126518,5411,126520,384,126522,126524],{},[15,126519,126419],{},[15,126521,290],{},[15,126523,293],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[93,126526,3722,126528,3725],{"id":126527},"what-endswith-does",[15,126529,126419],{},[20,126531,126532,503],{},[15,126533,126419],{},[33,126535,126536,126539,126545,126548],{},[36,126537,126538],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,126540,11454,126541,384,126543],{},[15,126542,290],{},[15,126544,293],{},[36,126546,126547],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,126549,126550],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126552,326],{},[59,126554,126556],{"className":61,"code":126555,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126557,126558,126570,126574,126596],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126559,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126561,1345],{"class":106},[68,126563,111],{"class":110},[68,126565,115],{"class":114},[68,126567,60423],{"class":118},[68,126569,122],{"class":114},[68,126571,126572],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126573,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,126575,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,126577,129],{"class":128},[68,126579,79],{"class":78},[68,126581,1367],{"class":138},[68,126583,236],{"class":78},[68,126585,126467],{"class":138},[68,126587,79],{"class":78},[68,126589,344],{"class":114},[68,126591,60608],{"class":118},[68,126593,344],{"class":114},[68,126595,142],{"class":78},[68,126597,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,126599,129],{"class":128},[68,126601,79],{"class":78},[68,126603,1367],{"class":138},[68,126605,236],{"class":78},[68,126607,126467],{"class":138},[68,126609,79],{"class":78},[68,126611,344],{"class":114},[68,126613,347],{"class":118},[68,126615,344],{"class":114},[68,126617,142],{"class":78},[20,126619,180],{},[59,126621,126622],{"className":61,"code":44203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126623,126624,126628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126625,126626],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126627,1070],{"class":526},[68,126629,126630],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126631,4084],{"class":526},[20,126633,126634,126635,236],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[49,126636,125116],{"href":50990},[93,126638,303],{"id":302},[59,126640,126642],{"className":61,"code":126641,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126643,126644],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126645,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126647,61191],{"class":106},[68,126649,236],{"class":78},[68,126651,126467],{"class":138},[68,126653,79],{"class":78},[68,126655,126656],{"class":138},"suffix",[68,126658,472],{"class":78},[68,126660,36083],{"class":138},[68,126662,472],{"class":78},[68,126664,65055],{"class":138},[68,126666,85],{"class":78},[33,126668,126669,126674,126681],{},[36,126670,126671,126673],{},[15,126672,126656],{}," is required",[36,126675,126676,232,126678,126680],{},[15,126677,36104],{},[15,126679,52676],{}," are optional",[36,126682,126683,232,126685,126687],{},[15,126684,36104],{},[15,126686,52676],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126689,126690],{},"Basic example:",[59,126692,126694],{"className":61,"code":126693,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126695,126696,126708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126699,126444],{"class":106},[68,126701,111],{"class":110},[68,126703,115],{"class":114},[68,126705,86908],{"class":118},[68,126707,122],{"class":114},[68,126709,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126711,129],{"class":128},[68,126713,79],{"class":78},[68,126715,126462],{"class":138},[68,126717,236],{"class":78},[68,126719,126467],{"class":138},[68,126721,79],{"class":78},[68,126723,344],{"class":114},[68,126725,126497],{"class":118},[68,126727,344],{"class":114},[68,126729,142],{"class":78},[20,126731,180],{},[59,126733,126734],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126735,126736],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126737,126738],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126739,1070],{"class":526},[93,126741,126743],{"id":126742},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1470,126745,126746],{"id":126656},[15,126747,126656],{},[20,126749,126750,30784],{},[15,126751,126656],{},[33,126753,126754,126757],{},[36,126755,126756],{},"A single string",[36,126758,126759],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126761,126762],{},"Single suffix:",[59,126764,126766],{"className":61,"code":126765,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126767,126768,126781],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126769,126770,126772,126774,126776,126779],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126771,107],{"class":106},[68,126773,111],{"class":110},[68,126775,115],{"class":114},[68,126777,126778],{"class":118},"image.png",[68,126780,122],{"class":114},[68,126782,126783,126785,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797,126800,126802],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126784,129],{"class":128},[68,126786,79],{"class":78},[68,126788,139],{"class":138},[68,126790,236],{"class":78},[68,126792,126467],{"class":138},[68,126794,79],{"class":78},[68,126796,344],{"class":114},[68,126798,126799],{"class":118},".png",[68,126801,344],{"class":114},[68,126803,142],{"class":78},[20,126805,180],{},[59,126807,126808],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126809,126810],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126811,126812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126813,1070],{"class":526},[20,126815,126816],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[59,126818,126820],{"className":61,"code":126819,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126821,126822,126834],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126823,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126825,107],{"class":106},[68,126827,111],{"class":110},[68,126829,115],{"class":114},[68,126831,126778],{"class":118},[68,126833,122],{"class":114},[68,126835,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126853,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126870,126872],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126837,129],{"class":128},[68,126839,79],{"class":78},[68,126841,139],{"class":138},[68,126843,236],{"class":78},[68,126845,126467],{"class":138},[68,126847,5552],{"class":78},[68,126849,344],{"class":114},[68,126851,126852],{"class":118},".jpg",[68,126854,344],{"class":114},[68,126856,472],{"class":78},[68,126858,115],{"class":114},[68,126860,126799],{"class":118},[68,126862,344],{"class":114},[68,126864,472],{"class":78},[68,126866,115],{"class":114},[68,126868,126869],{"class":118},".gif",[68,126871,344],{"class":114},[68,126873,2970],{"class":78},[20,126875,180],{},[59,126877,126878],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126879,126880],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126881,126882],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126883,1070],{"class":526},[1470,126885,126886],{"id":36104},[15,126887,36104],{},[20,126889,126890,126892],{},[15,126891,36104],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[59,126894,126896],{"className":61,"code":126895,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126897,126898,126911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126899,126900,126902,126904,126906,126909],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126901,1345],{"class":106},[68,126903,111],{"class":110},[68,126905,115],{"class":114},[68,126907,126908],{"class":118},"my_report.csv",[68,126910,122],{"class":114},[68,126912,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126914,129],{"class":128},[68,126916,79],{"class":78},[68,126918,1367],{"class":138},[68,126920,236],{"class":78},[68,126922,126467],{"class":138},[68,126924,79],{"class":78},[68,126926,344],{"class":114},[68,126928,126474],{"class":118},[68,126930,344],{"class":114},[68,126932,472],{"class":78},[68,126934,480],{"class":160},[68,126936,142],{"class":78},[20,126938,180],{},[59,126940,126941],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,126942,126943],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126944,126945],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126946,1070],{"class":526},[20,126948,126949,126950,126952,126953,236],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126951,2135],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126954,126955],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1470,126957,126958],{"id":52676},[15,126959,52676],{},[20,126961,126962,126964],{},[15,126963,52676],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[59,126966,126968],{"className":61,"code":126967,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126969,126970,126983],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,126971,126972,126974,126976,126978,126981],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,126973,1345],{"class":106},[68,126975,111],{"class":110},[68,126977,115],{"class":114},[68,126979,126980],{"class":118},"report.csv backup",[68,126982,122],{"class":114},[68,126984,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,126986,129],{"class":128},[68,126988,79],{"class":78},[68,126990,1367],{"class":138},[68,126992,236],{"class":78},[68,126994,126467],{"class":138},[68,126996,79],{"class":78},[68,126998,344],{"class":114},[68,127000,126474],{"class":118},[68,127002,344],{"class":114},[68,127004,472],{"class":78},[68,127006,3880],{"class":160},[68,127008,472],{"class":78},[68,127010,6045],{"class":160},[68,127012,142],{"class":78},[20,127014,180],{},[59,127016,127017],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127018,127019],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127020,127021],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127022,1070],{"class":526},[20,127024,127025,127026,127028],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127027,126955],{}," and ignores the rest.",[93,127030,17451],{"id":17450},[20,127032,127033,25542],{},[15,127034,126419],{},[33,127036,127037,127042],{},[36,127038,127039,127041],{},[15,127040,290],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,127043,127044,127046],{},[15,127045,293],{}," if it does not",[20,127048,127049,127050,1142],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127051,1099],{},[59,127053,127055],{"className":61,"code":127054,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127056,127057,127070,127074,127095,127110,127116],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127058,127059,127061,127063,127065,127068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127060,126444],{"class":106},[68,127062,111],{"class":110},[68,127064,115],{"class":114},[68,127066,127067],{"class":118},"data.csv",[68,127069,122],{"class":114},[68,127071,127072],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127073,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,127075,127076,127078,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,127077,1099],{"class":1098},[68,127079,127080],{"class":106}," filename",[68,127082,236],{"class":78},[68,127084,126467],{"class":138},[68,127086,79],{"class":78},[68,127088,344],{"class":114},[68,127090,126474],{"class":118},[68,127092,344],{"class":114},[68,127094,1113],{"class":78},[68,127096,127097,127099,127101,127103,127106,127108],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,127098,1118],{"class":128},[68,127100,79],{"class":78},[68,127102,344],{"class":114},[68,127104,127105],{"class":118},"This is a CSV file.",[68,127107,344],{"class":114},[68,127109,85],{"class":78},[68,127111,127112,127114],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,127113,27468],{"class":1098},[68,127115,1648],{"class":78},[68,127117,127118,127120,127122,127124,127127,127129],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,127119,1118],{"class":128},[68,127121,79],{"class":78},[68,127123,344],{"class":114},[68,127125,127126],{"class":118},"This is not a CSV file.",[68,127128,344],{"class":114},[68,127130,85],{"class":78},[20,127132,180],{},[59,127134,127136],{"className":61,"code":127135,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127137,127138],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127139,127140,127142,127144,127146,127149,127151],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127141,49894],{"class":106},[68,127143,12226],{"class":110},[68,127145,44574],{"class":106},[68,127147,127148],{"class":34486},"CSV",[68,127150,86649],{"class":86648},[68,127152,122397],{"class":78},[93,127154,127156],{"id":127155},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1470,127158,127160],{"id":127159},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[59,127162,127164],{"className":61,"code":127163,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127165,127166,127179],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127167,127168,127170,127172,127174,127177],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127169,126444],{"class":106},[68,127171,111],{"class":110},[68,127173,115],{"class":114},[68,127175,127176],{"class":118},"sales.csv",[68,127178,122],{"class":114},[68,127180,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127182,129],{"class":128},[68,127184,79],{"class":78},[68,127186,126462],{"class":138},[68,127188,236],{"class":78},[68,127190,126467],{"class":138},[68,127192,79],{"class":78},[68,127194,344],{"class":114},[68,127196,126474],{"class":118},[68,127198,344],{"class":114},[68,127200,142],{"class":78},[20,127202,180],{},[59,127204,127205],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127206,127207],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127208,127209],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127210,1070],{"class":526},[1470,127212,127214],{"id":127213},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[59,127216,127218],{"className":61,"code":127217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127219,127220,127234],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127221,127222,127225,127227,127229,127232],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127223,127224],{"class":106},"url ",[68,127226,111],{"class":110},[68,127228,115],{"class":114},[68,127230,127231],{"class":118},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[68,127233,122],{"class":114},[68,127235,127236,127238,127240,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251,127254,127256],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127237,129],{"class":128},[68,127239,79],{"class":78},[68,127241,127242],{"class":138},"url",[68,127244,236],{"class":78},[68,127246,126467],{"class":138},[68,127248,79],{"class":78},[68,127250,344],{"class":114},[68,127252,127253],{"class":118},"\u002F",[68,127255,344],{"class":114},[68,127257,142],{"class":78},[20,127259,180],{},[59,127261,127262],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127263,127264],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127265,127266],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127267,1070],{"class":526},[1470,127269,127271],{"id":127270},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[59,127273,127275],{"className":61,"code":127274,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127276,127277,127290],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127278,127279,127281,127283,127285,127288],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127280,90020],{"class":106},[68,127282,111],{"class":110},[68,127284,115],{"class":114},[68,127286,127287],{"class":118},"Hello!",[68,127289,122],{"class":114},[68,127291,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127293,129],{"class":128},[68,127295,79],{"class":78},[68,127297,90037],{"class":138},[68,127299,236],{"class":78},[68,127301,126467],{"class":138},[68,127303,79],{"class":78},[68,127305,344],{"class":114},[68,127307,89861],{"class":118},[68,127309,344],{"class":114},[68,127311,142],{"class":78},[20,127313,180],{},[59,127315,127316],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127317,127318],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127319,127320],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127321,1070],{"class":526},[1470,127323,127325],{"id":127324},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[59,127327,127329],{"className":61,"code":127328,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127330,127331,127344],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127332,127333,127335,127337,127339,127342],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127334,126444],{"class":106},[68,127336,111],{"class":110},[68,127338,115],{"class":114},[68,127340,127341],{"class":118},"photo.jpg",[68,127343,122],{"class":114},[68,127345,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127347,129],{"class":128},[68,127349,79],{"class":78},[68,127351,126462],{"class":138},[68,127353,236],{"class":78},[68,127355,126467],{"class":138},[68,127357,5552],{"class":78},[68,127359,344],{"class":114},[68,127361,126852],{"class":118},[68,127363,344],{"class":114},[68,127365,472],{"class":78},[68,127367,115],{"class":114},[68,127369,126799],{"class":118},[68,127371,344],{"class":114},[68,127373,472],{"class":78},[68,127375,115],{"class":114},[68,127377,126869],{"class":118},[68,127379,344],{"class":114},[68,127381,2970],{"class":78},[20,127383,180],{},[59,127385,127386],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127387,127388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127389,127390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127391,1070],{"class":526},[20,127393,127394,127395,236],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[49,127396,127397],{"href":123617},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[93,127399,124009],{"id":124008},[20,127401,127402,123820],{},[15,127403,126419],{},[20,127405,127406,127407,232,127410,127413],{},"That means ",[15,127408,127409],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127411,127412],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[59,127415,127417],{"className":61,"code":127416,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127418,127419,127432,127436,127458],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127420,127421,127423,127425,127427,127430],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127422,126444],{"class":106},[68,127424,111],{"class":110},[68,127426,115],{"class":114},[68,127428,127429],{"class":118},"REPORT.CSV",[68,127431,122],{"class":114},[68,127433,127434],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127435,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,127437,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,127439,129],{"class":128},[68,127441,79],{"class":78},[68,127443,126462],{"class":138},[68,127445,236],{"class":78},[68,127447,126467],{"class":138},[68,127449,79],{"class":78},[68,127451,344],{"class":114},[68,127453,126474],{"class":118},[68,127455,344],{"class":114},[68,127457,142],{"class":78},[68,127459,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127477,127479],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,127461,129],{"class":128},[68,127463,79],{"class":78},[68,127465,126462],{"class":138},[68,127467,236],{"class":78},[68,127469,126467],{"class":138},[68,127471,79],{"class":78},[68,127473,344],{"class":114},[68,127475,127476],{"class":118},".CSV",[68,127478,344],{"class":114},[68,127480,142],{"class":78},[20,127482,180],{},[59,127484,127486],{"className":61,"code":127485,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127487,127488,127492],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127489,127490],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127491,4084],{"class":526},[68,127493,127494],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127495,1070],{"class":526},[20,127497,127498,127499,236],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[49,127500,127501],{"href":124089},[15,127502,124092],{},[59,127504,127506],{"className":61,"code":127505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127507,127508,127520],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127509,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127511,126444],{"class":106},[68,127513,111],{"class":110},[68,127515,115],{"class":114},[68,127517,127429],{"class":118},[68,127519,122],{"class":114},[68,127521,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127523,129],{"class":128},[68,127525,79],{"class":78},[68,127527,126462],{"class":138},[68,127529,236],{"class":78},[68,127531,8674],{"class":138},[68,127533,8671],{"class":78},[68,127535,126467],{"class":138},[68,127537,79],{"class":78},[68,127539,344],{"class":114},[68,127541,126474],{"class":118},[68,127543,344],{"class":114},[68,127545,142],{"class":78},[20,127547,180],{},[59,127549,127550],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127551,127552],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127553,127554],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127555,1070],{"class":526},[93,127557,127559],{"id":127558},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127561,127562],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[59,127564,127566],{"className":61,"code":127565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127567,127568,127581],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127569,127570,127572,127574,127576,127579],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127571,126444],{"class":106},[68,127573,111],{"class":110},[68,127575,115],{"class":114},[68,127577,127578],{"class":118},"picture.gif",[68,127580,122],{"class":114},[68,127582,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127584,129],{"class":128},[68,127586,79],{"class":78},[68,127588,126462],{"class":138},[68,127590,236],{"class":78},[68,127592,126467],{"class":138},[68,127594,5552],{"class":78},[68,127596,344],{"class":114},[68,127598,126852],{"class":118},[68,127600,344],{"class":114},[68,127602,472],{"class":78},[68,127604,115],{"class":114},[68,127606,126799],{"class":118},[68,127608,344],{"class":114},[68,127610,472],{"class":78},[68,127612,115],{"class":114},[68,127614,126869],{"class":118},[68,127616,344],{"class":114},[68,127618,2970],{"class":78},[20,127620,180],{},[59,127622,127623],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127624,127625],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127626,127627],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127628,1070],{"class":526},[20,127630,127631],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127633,52095],{},[59,127635,127637],{"className":61,"code":127636,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127638,127639,127652,127687,127691],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127640,127641,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127642,127643],{"class":106},"document ",[68,127645,111],{"class":110},[68,127647,115],{"class":114},[68,127649,86908],{"class":118},[68,127651,122],{"class":114},[68,127653,127654,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127674,127676,127678,127680,127683,127685],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127655,127656],{"class":106},"allowed ",[68,127658,111],{"class":110},[68,127660,9266],{"class":78},[68,127662,344],{"class":114},[68,127664,126497],{"class":118},[68,127666,344],{"class":114},[68,127668,472],{"class":78},[68,127670,115],{"class":114},[68,127672,127673],{"class":118},".md",[68,127675,344],{"class":114},[68,127677,472],{"class":78},[68,127679,115],{"class":114},[68,127681,127682],{"class":118},".docx",[68,127684,344],{"class":114},[68,127686,85],{"class":78},[68,127688,127689],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,127690,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,127692,127693,127695,127697,127700,127702,127704,127706,127709],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,127694,129],{"class":128},[68,127696,79],{"class":78},[68,127698,127699],{"class":138},"document",[68,127701,236],{"class":78},[68,127703,126467],{"class":138},[68,127705,79],{"class":78},[68,127707,127708],{"class":138},"allowed",[68,127710,142],{"class":78},[20,127712,180],{},[59,127714,127715],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127716,127717],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127718,127719],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127720,1070],{"class":526},[20,127722,127723,127724,236],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[49,127725,126361,127727,10770],{"href":127726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127728,127729],{},"startswith()",[93,127731,1750],{"id":1749},[20,127733,8481,127734,236],{},[15,127735,126419],{},[1470,127737,127739],{"id":127738},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127741,4570],{},[59,127743,127745],{"className":61,"code":127744,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127746,127747,127759],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127748,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127750,126444],{"class":106},[68,127752,111],{"class":110},[68,127754,115],{"class":114},[68,127756,127341],{"class":118},[68,127758,122],{"class":114},[68,127760,127761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127762,127763],{"class":3708},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127765,127766],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[59,127768,127770],{"className":61,"code":127769,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127771,127772,127784],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127773,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127775,126444],{"class":106},[68,127777,111],{"class":110},[68,127779,115],{"class":114},[68,127781,127341],{"class":118},[68,127783,122],{"class":114},[68,127785,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127787,129],{"class":128},[68,127789,79],{"class":78},[68,127791,126462],{"class":138},[68,127793,236],{"class":78},[68,127795,126467],{"class":138},[68,127797,5552],{"class":78},[68,127799,344],{"class":114},[68,127801,126852],{"class":118},[68,127803,344],{"class":114},[68,127805,472],{"class":78},[68,127807,115],{"class":114},[68,127809,126799],{"class":118},[68,127811,344],{"class":114},[68,127813,2970],{"class":78},[1470,127815,127817],{"id":127816},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[59,127819,127821],{"className":61,"code":127820,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127822,127823,127835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127824,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127826,126444],{"class":106},[68,127828,111],{"class":110},[68,127830,115],{"class":114},[68,127832,127429],{"class":118},[68,127834,122],{"class":114},[68,127836,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127838,129],{"class":128},[68,127840,79],{"class":78},[68,127842,126462],{"class":138},[68,127844,236],{"class":78},[68,127846,126467],{"class":138},[68,127848,79],{"class":78},[68,127850,344],{"class":114},[68,127852,126474],{"class":118},[68,127854,344],{"class":114},[68,127856,142],{"class":78},[20,127858,180],{},[59,127860,127861],{"className":61,"code":4084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127862,127863],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127864,127865],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127866,4084],{"class":526},[20,127868,39296],{},[59,127870,127871],{"className":61,"code":127505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127872,127873,127885],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127874,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127876,126444],{"class":106},[68,127878,111],{"class":110},[68,127880,115],{"class":114},[68,127882,127429],{"class":118},[68,127884,122],{"class":114},[68,127886,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127888,129],{"class":128},[68,127890,79],{"class":78},[68,127892,126462],{"class":138},[68,127894,236],{"class":78},[68,127896,8674],{"class":138},[68,127898,8671],{"class":78},[68,127900,126467],{"class":138},[68,127902,79],{"class":78},[68,127904,344],{"class":114},[68,127906,126474],{"class":118},[68,127908,344],{"class":114},[68,127910,142],{"class":78},[1470,127912,37237,127914,8739,127916],{"id":127913},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127915,126419],{},[15,127917,3927],{},[20,127919,127920,127922],{},[15,127921,126419],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[59,127924,127926],{"className":61,"code":127925,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127927,127928,127941,127945,127967],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127929,127930,127932,127934,127936,127939],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127931,1345],{"class":106},[68,127933,111],{"class":110},[68,127935,115],{"class":114},[68,127937,127938],{"class":118},"my_report.csv.backup",[68,127940,122],{"class":114},[68,127942,127943],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127944,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,127946,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,127948,129],{"class":128},[68,127950,79],{"class":78},[68,127952,1367],{"class":138},[68,127954,236],{"class":78},[68,127956,126467],{"class":138},[68,127958,79],{"class":78},[68,127960,344],{"class":114},[68,127962,126474],{"class":118},[68,127964,344],{"class":114},[68,127966,142],{"class":78},[68,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,127970,129],{"class":128},[68,127972,79],{"class":78},[68,127974,344],{"class":114},[68,127976,126474],{"class":118},[68,127978,344],{"class":114},[68,127980,21208],{"class":1098},[68,127982,42870],{"class":138},[68,127984,85],{"class":78},[20,127986,180],{},[59,127988,127989],{"className":61,"code":127485,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,127990,127991,127995],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,127992,127993],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,127994,4084],{"class":526},[68,127996,127997],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,127998,1070],{"class":526},[1470,128000,1770,128002,128004],{"id":128001},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128003,126419],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128006,128007,128009],{},[15,128008,126419],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[59,128011,128013],{"className":61,"code":128012,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128014,128015,128027,128049],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128016,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128018,126444],{"class":106},[68,128020,111],{"class":110},[68,128022,115],{"class":114},[68,128024,126451],{"class":118},[68,128026,122],{"class":114},[68,128028,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128030,129],{"class":128},[68,128032,79],{"class":78},[68,128034,126462],{"class":138},[68,128036,236],{"class":78},[68,128038,126467],{"class":138},[68,128040,79],{"class":78},[68,128042,344],{"class":114},[68,128044,126474],{"class":118},[68,128046,344],{"class":114},[68,128048,142],{"class":78},[68,128050,128051,128053,128055,128057],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128052,129],{"class":128},[68,128054,79],{"class":78},[68,128056,126462],{"class":138},[68,128058,85],{"class":78},[20,128060,180],{},[59,128062,128064],{"className":61,"code":128063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128065,128066,128070],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128067,128068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128069,1070],{"class":526},[68,128071,128072,128075,128077],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128073,128074],{"class":106},"report",[68,128076,236],{"class":78},[68,128078,128079],{"class":1267},"csv\n",[20,128081,128082,128083,236],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[49,128084,128085],{"href":124530},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128087,66078],{},[33,128089,128090,128093,128096,128099],{},[36,128091,128092],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,128094,128095],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,128097,128098],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,128100,633,128101,1784,128103,384,128105,111564],{},[15,128102,126419],{},[15,128104,124533],{},[15,128106,41685],{},[20,128108,30170],{},[59,128110,128112],{"className":61,"code":128111,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128113,128114,128124,128138,128160,128186],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128115,128116,128118,128120,128122],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128117,129],{"class":128},[68,128119,79],{"class":78},[68,128121,1367],{"class":138},[68,128123,85],{"class":78},[68,128125,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128127,129],{"class":128},[68,128129,79],{"class":78},[68,128131,1839],{"class":128},[68,128133,79],{"class":78},[68,128135,1367],{"class":138},[68,128137,142],{"class":78},[68,128139,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128141,129],{"class":128},[68,128143,79],{"class":78},[68,128145,1367],{"class":138},[68,128147,236],{"class":78},[68,128149,126467],{"class":138},[68,128151,79],{"class":78},[68,128153,203],{"class":114},[68,128155,126474],{"class":118},[68,128157,203],{"class":114},[68,128159,142],{"class":78},[68,128161,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128163,129],{"class":128},[68,128165,79],{"class":78},[68,128167,1367],{"class":138},[68,128169,236],{"class":78},[68,128171,8674],{"class":138},[68,128173,8671],{"class":78},[68,128175,126467],{"class":138},[68,128177,79],{"class":78},[68,128179,203],{"class":114},[68,128181,126474],{"class":118},[68,128183,203],{"class":114},[68,128185,142],{"class":78},[68,128187,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128189,129],{"class":128},[68,128191,79],{"class":78},[68,128193,75],{"class":74},[68,128195,79],{"class":78},[68,128197,1367],{"class":138},[68,128199,142],{"class":78},[93,128201,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,128203,12736,128205,128207],{"id":128204},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128206,126419],{}," change the string?",[20,128209,128210,128211,384,128213,236],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128212,290],{},[15,128214,293],{},[1470,128216,1939,128218,128220],{"id":128217},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128219,126419],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128222,128223,128224,236],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128225,128226],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1470,128228,1900,128230,124698],{"id":128229},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128231,126419],{},[20,128233,128234,128235,384,128237,128240],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128236,124092],{},[15,128238,128239],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1470,128242,5221,128244,232,128246,1906],{"id":128243},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128245,126419],{},[15,128247,124357],{},[20,128249,128250,128252,128253,128255],{},[15,128251,126419],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128254,124357],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[93,128257,1952],{"id":1951},[33,128259,128260,128266,128272,128276,128280],{},[36,128261,128262],{},[49,128263,126361,128264,10770],{"href":127726},[15,128265,127729],{},[36,128267,128268],{},[49,128269,126361,128270,10770],{"href":124089},[15,128271,124092],{},[36,128273,128274],{},[49,128275,124761],{"href":123617},[36,128277,128278],{},[49,128279,124768],{"href":124530},[36,128281,128282],{},[49,128283,125116],{"href":50990},[1995,128285,128286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":128288},[128289,128290,128292,128293,128298,128299,128305,128306,128307,128315,128325],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":126527,"depth":125,"text":128291},"What endswith() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":126742,"depth":125,"text":126743,"children":128294},[128295,128296,128297],{"id":126656,"depth":145,"text":126656},{"id":36104,"depth":145,"text":36104},{"id":52676,"depth":145,"text":52676},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":127155,"depth":125,"text":127156,"children":128300},[128301,128302,128303,128304],{"id":127159,"depth":145,"text":127160},{"id":127213,"depth":145,"text":127214},{"id":127270,"depth":145,"text":127271},{"id":127324,"depth":145,"text":127325},{"id":124008,"depth":125,"text":124009},{"id":127558,"depth":125,"text":127559},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":128308},[128309,128310,128311,128313],{"id":127738,"depth":145,"text":127739},{"id":127816,"depth":145,"text":127817},{"id":127913,"depth":145,"text":128312},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128001,"depth":145,"text":128314},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":128316},[128317,128319,128321,128323],{"id":128204,"depth":145,"text":128318},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128217,"depth":145,"text":128320},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128229,"depth":145,"text":128322},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128243,"depth":145,"text":128324},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126411,"description":128326},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128333,"title":128334,"body":128335,"description":130003,"extension":2033,"meta":130004,"navigation":148,"path":130005,"seo":130006,"stem":130007,"__hash__":130008},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128336,"toc":129976},[128337,128342,128347,128352,128357,128450,128460,128465,128470,128485,128487,128569,128577,128579,128581,128608,128610,128626,128633,128635,128743,128745,128750,128766,128768,128863,128871,128874,128880,128885,128890,128897,129036,129039,129052,129054,129058,129065,129135,129138,129187,129194,129201,129215,129220,129225,129271,129317,129333,129335,129340,129354,129357,129479,129484,129486,129491,129524,129527,129603,129605,129614,129628,129631,129715,129718,129829,129832,129860,129862,129869,129873,129879,129882,129888,129891,129898,129909,129915,129922,129924,129973],[10,128338,123362,128340,11352],{"id":128339},"python-string-find-method",[15,128341,124357],{},[20,128343,123367,128344,128346],{},[15,128345,124357],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128348,128349,128350,236],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128351,65869],{},[20,128353,224,128354,128356],{},[15,128355,124357],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[59,128358,128360],{"className":61,"code":128359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128361,128362,128374,128397,128410,128414,128437],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128363,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128365,1345],{"class":106},[68,128367,111],{"class":110},[68,128369,115],{"class":114},[68,128371,60423],{"class":118},[68,128373,122],{"class":114},[68,128375,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128377,64934],{"class":106},[68,128379,111],{"class":110},[68,128381,42870],{"class":106},[68,128383,236],{"class":78},[68,128385,128386],{"class":138},"find",[68,128388,79],{"class":78},[68,128390,344],{"class":114},[68,128392,60608],{"class":118},[68,128394,344],{"class":114},[68,128396,85],{"class":78},[68,128398,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128400,129],{"class":128},[68,128402,79],{"class":78},[68,128404,64961],{"class":138},[68,128406,1701],{"class":78},[68,128408,128409],{"class":3708},"   # 6\n",[68,128411,128412],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128413,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,128415,128416,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128417,128418],{"class":106},"missing ",[68,128420,111],{"class":110},[68,128422,42870],{"class":106},[68,128424,236],{"class":78},[68,128426,128386],{"class":138},[68,128428,79],{"class":78},[68,128430,344],{"class":114},[68,128432,63],{"class":118},[68,128434,344],{"class":114},[68,128436,85],{"class":78},[68,128438,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,128440,129],{"class":128},[68,128442,79],{"class":78},[68,128444,26807],{"class":138},[68,128446,1701],{"class":78},[68,128448,128449],{"class":3708},"    # -1\n",[43609,128451,128452],{},[20,128453,224,128454,128456,128457,128459],{},[15,128455,124357],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128458,65869],{}," if the substring is not found.",[93,128461,3722,128463,3725],{"id":128462},"what-find-does",[15,128464,124357],{},[20,128466,128467,128469],{},[15,128468,124357],{}," is a string method that:",[33,128471,128472,128475,128478,128483],{},[36,128473,128474],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,128476,128477],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,128479,11454,128480,128482],{},[15,128481,65869],{}," if no match is found",[36,128484,126547],{},[20,128486,326],{},[59,128488,128490],{"className":61,"code":128489,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128491,128492,128504,128508,128532,128556],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128493,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128495,1345],{"class":106},[68,128497,111],{"class":110},[68,128499,115],{"class":114},[68,128501,4132],{"class":118},[68,128503,122],{"class":114},[68,128505,128506],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128507,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128511,129],{"class":128},[68,128513,79],{"class":78},[68,128515,1367],{"class":138},[68,128517,236],{"class":78},[68,128519,128386],{"class":138},[68,128521,79],{"class":78},[68,128523,344],{"class":114},[68,128525,123455],{"class":118},[68,128527,344],{"class":114},[68,128529,1636],{"class":78},[68,128531,57661],{"class":3708},[68,128533,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128535,129],{"class":128},[68,128537,79],{"class":78},[68,128539,1367],{"class":138},[68,128541,236],{"class":78},[68,128543,128386],{"class":138},[68,128545,79],{"class":78},[68,128547,344],{"class":114},[68,128549,2245],{"class":118},[68,128551,344],{"class":114},[68,128553,1636],{"class":78},[68,128555,128449],{"class":3708},[68,128557,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128559,129],{"class":128},[68,128561,79],{"class":78},[68,128563,1367],{"class":138},[68,128565,1701],{"class":78},[68,128567,128568],{"class":3708},"              # banana\n",[20,128570,20805,128571,128574,128575,236],{},[15,128572,128573],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128576,2129],{},[93,128578,303],{"id":302},[20,128580,2231],{},[59,128582,128584],{"className":61,"code":128583,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128585,128586],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128589,61191],{"class":106},[68,128591,236],{"class":78},[68,128593,128386],{"class":138},[68,128595,79],{"class":78},[68,128597,665],{"class":138},[68,128599,472],{"class":78},[68,128601,36083],{"class":138},[68,128603,472],{"class":78},[68,128605,65055],{"class":138},[68,128607,85],{"class":78},[1470,128609,17427],{"id":17426},[33,128611,128612,128616,128621],{},[36,128613,128614,123554],{},[15,128615,665],{},[36,128617,128618,128620],{},[15,128619,36104],{},": optional starting position",[36,128622,128623,128625],{},[15,128624,52676],{},": optional ending position",[20,128627,128628,232,128630,128632],{},[15,128629,36104],{},[15,128631,52676],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128634,126690],{},[59,128636,128638],{"className":61,"code":128637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128639,128640,128652,128656,128681,128710],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128643,1345],{"class":106},[68,128645,111],{"class":110},[68,128647,115],{"class":114},[68,128649,60423],{"class":118},[68,128651,122],{"class":114},[68,128653,128654],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128655,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,128657,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128659,129],{"class":128},[68,128661,79],{"class":78},[68,128663,1367],{"class":138},[68,128665,236],{"class":78},[68,128667,128386],{"class":138},[68,128669,79],{"class":78},[68,128671,344],{"class":114},[68,128673,60490],{"class":118},[68,128675,344],{"class":114},[68,128677,1636],{"class":78},[68,128679,128680],{"class":3708},"        # 4\n",[68,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128684,129],{"class":128},[68,128686,79],{"class":78},[68,128688,1367],{"class":138},[68,128690,236],{"class":78},[68,128692,128386],{"class":138},[68,128694,79],{"class":78},[68,128696,344],{"class":114},[68,128698,60490],{"class":118},[68,128700,344],{"class":114},[68,128702,472],{"class":78},[68,128704,4650],{"class":160},[68,128706,1636],{"class":78},[68,128708,128709],{"class":3708},"     # 7\n",[68,128711,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128713,129],{"class":128},[68,128715,79],{"class":78},[68,128717,1367],{"class":138},[68,128719,236],{"class":78},[68,128721,128386],{"class":138},[68,128723,79],{"class":78},[68,128725,344],{"class":114},[68,128727,60490],{"class":118},[68,128729,344],{"class":114},[68,128731,472],{"class":78},[68,128733,4650],{"class":160},[68,128735,472],{"class":78},[68,128737,6034],{"class":160},[68,128739,1636],{"class":78},[68,128741,128742],{"class":3708},"  # -1\n",[93,128744,38054],{"id":38053},[20,128746,57560,128747,128749],{},[15,128748,124357],{}," is always an integer.",[33,128751,128752,128758,128761],{},[36,128753,128754,128755,128757],{},"A number ",[15,128756,2192],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,128759,128760],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,128762,128763,128765],{},[15,128764,65869],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128767,326],{},[59,128769,128771],{"className":61,"code":128770,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128772,128773,128785,128789,128814,128839],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128774,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128776,1345],{"class":106},[68,128778,111],{"class":110},[68,128780,115],{"class":114},[68,128782,63],{"class":118},[68,128784,122],{"class":114},[68,128786,128787],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128788,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,128790,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128808,128810,128812],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128792,129],{"class":128},[68,128794,79],{"class":78},[68,128796,1367],{"class":138},[68,128798,236],{"class":78},[68,128800,128386],{"class":138},[68,128802,79],{"class":78},[68,128804,344],{"class":114},[68,128806,128807],{"class":118},"py",[68,128809,344],{"class":114},[68,128811,1636],{"class":78},[68,128813,20802],{"class":3708},[68,128815,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128833,128835,128837],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128817,129],{"class":128},[68,128819,79],{"class":78},[68,128821,1367],{"class":138},[68,128823,236],{"class":78},[68,128825,128386],{"class":138},[68,128827,79],{"class":78},[68,128829,344],{"class":114},[68,128831,128832],{"class":118},"th",[68,128834,344],{"class":114},[68,128836,1636],{"class":78},[68,128838,57661],{"class":3708},[68,128840,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128842,129],{"class":128},[68,128844,79],{"class":78},[68,128846,1367],{"class":138},[68,128848,236],{"class":78},[68,128850,128386],{"class":138},[68,128852,79],{"class":78},[68,128854,344],{"class":114},[68,128856,22112],{"class":118},[68,128858,344],{"class":114},[68,128860,1636],{"class":78},[68,128862,128449],{"class":3708},[20,128864,89923,128865,8489,128867,384,128869,236],{},[15,128866,124357],{},[15,128868,290],{},[15,128870,293],{},[20,128872,128873],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[93,128875,633,128876,232,128878],{"id":65421},[15,128877,36104],{},[15,128879,52676],{},[20,128881,224,128882,128884],{},[15,128883,36104],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128886,224,128887,128889],{},[15,128888,52676],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128891,2050,128892,75476,128894,128896],{},[15,128893,52676],{},[1301,128895,65084],{}," in the search.",[59,128898,128900],{"className":61,"code":128899,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128901,128902,128915,128919,128943,128972,129004],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,128903,128904,128906,128908,128910,128913],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,128905,1345],{"class":106},[68,128907,111],{"class":110},[68,128909,115],{"class":114},[68,128911,128912],{"class":118},"one two three two",[68,128914,122],{"class":114},[68,128916,128917],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,128918,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,128922,129],{"class":128},[68,128924,79],{"class":78},[68,128926,1367],{"class":138},[68,128928,236],{"class":78},[68,128930,128386],{"class":138},[68,128932,79],{"class":78},[68,128934,344],{"class":114},[68,128936,79285],{"class":118},[68,128938,344],{"class":114},[68,128940,1636],{"class":78},[68,128942,128680],{"class":3708},[68,128944,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,128946,129],{"class":128},[68,128948,79],{"class":78},[68,128950,1367],{"class":138},[68,128952,236],{"class":78},[68,128954,128386],{"class":138},[68,128956,79],{"class":78},[68,128958,344],{"class":114},[68,128960,79285],{"class":118},[68,128962,344],{"class":114},[68,128964,472],{"class":78},[68,128966,4650],{"class":160},[68,128968,1636],{"class":78},[68,128970,128971],{"class":3708},"     # 14\n",[68,128973,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,128975,129],{"class":128},[68,128977,79],{"class":78},[68,128979,1367],{"class":138},[68,128981,236],{"class":78},[68,128983,128386],{"class":138},[68,128985,79],{"class":78},[68,128987,344],{"class":114},[68,128989,79285],{"class":118},[68,128991,344],{"class":114},[68,128993,472],{"class":78},[68,128995,3880],{"class":160},[68,128997,472],{"class":78},[68,128999,6034],{"class":160},[68,129001,1636],{"class":78},[68,129003,50950],{"class":3708},[68,129005,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,129007,129],{"class":128},[68,129009,79],{"class":78},[68,129011,1367],{"class":138},[68,129013,236],{"class":78},[68,129015,128386],{"class":138},[68,129017,79],{"class":78},[68,129019,344],{"class":114},[68,129021,79285],{"class":118},[68,129023,344],{"class":114},[68,129025,472],{"class":78},[68,129027,3880],{"class":160},[68,129029,472],{"class":78},[68,129031,2521],{"class":160},[68,129033,1636],{"class":78},[68,129035,128742],{"class":3708},[20,129037,129038],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129040,129041,129042,55085,129046,236],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[49,129043,129045],{"href":129044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[49,129047,129049,129051],{"href":129048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129050,60548],{}," string method",[93,129053,124009],{"id":124008},[20,129055,129056,123820],{},[15,129057,124357],{},[20,129059,127406,129060,232,129062,129064],{},[15,129061,90431],{},[15,129063,383],{}," are treated as different text.",[59,129066,129068],{"className":61,"code":129067,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129069,129070,129083,129087,129111],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129071,129072,129074,129076,129078,129081],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129073,1345],{"class":106},[68,129075,111],{"class":110},[68,129077,115],{"class":114},[68,129079,129080],{"class":118},"Hello World",[68,129082,122],{"class":114},[68,129084,129085],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129086,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129088,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129090,129],{"class":128},[68,129092,79],{"class":78},[68,129094,1367],{"class":138},[68,129096,236],{"class":78},[68,129098,128386],{"class":138},[68,129100,79],{"class":78},[68,129102,344],{"class":114},[68,129104,34897],{"class":118},[68,129106,344],{"class":114},[68,129108,1636],{"class":78},[68,129110,51262],{"class":3708},[68,129112,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,129114,129],{"class":128},[68,129116,79],{"class":78},[68,129118,1367],{"class":138},[68,129120,236],{"class":78},[68,129122,128386],{"class":138},[68,129124,79],{"class":78},[68,129126,344],{"class":114},[68,129128,347],{"class":118},[68,129130,344],{"class":114},[68,129132,1636],{"class":78},[68,129134,128742],{"class":3708},[20,129136,129137],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[59,129139,129141],{"className":61,"code":129140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129142,129143,129155,129159],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129144,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129146,1345],{"class":106},[68,129148,111],{"class":110},[68,129150,115],{"class":114},[68,129152,129080],{"class":118},[68,129154,122],{"class":114},[68,129156,129157],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129158,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129162,129],{"class":128},[68,129164,79],{"class":78},[68,129166,1367],{"class":138},[68,129168,236],{"class":78},[68,129170,8674],{"class":138},[68,129172,8671],{"class":78},[68,129174,128386],{"class":138},[68,129176,79],{"class":78},[68,129178,344],{"class":114},[68,129180,347],{"class":118},[68,129182,344],{"class":114},[68,129184,1636],{"class":78},[68,129186,51262],{"class":3708},[93,129188,129190,969,129192],{"id":129189},"find-vs-index",[15,129191,124357],{},[15,129193,58984],{},[20,129195,129196,232,129198,129200],{},[15,129197,124357],{},[15,129199,58984],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,129202,129203,129209],{},[36,129204,129205,1541,129207],{},[15,129206,124357],{},[15,129208,65869],{},[36,129210,129211,52510,129213],{},[15,129212,58984],{},[15,129214,40738],{},[20,129216,224,129217,129219],{},[15,129218,124357],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129221,224,129222,129224],{},[15,129223,58984],{}," when the value must exist.",[59,129226,129228],{"className":61,"code":129227,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129229,129230,129242,129246],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129231,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129233,1345],{"class":106},[68,129235,111],{"class":110},[68,129237,115],{"class":114},[68,129239,347],{"class":118},[68,129241,122],{"class":114},[68,129243,129244],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129245,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129247,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129249,129],{"class":128},[68,129251,79],{"class":78},[68,129253,1367],{"class":138},[68,129255,236],{"class":78},[68,129257,128386],{"class":138},[68,129259,79],{"class":78},[68,129261,344],{"class":114},[68,129263,2245],{"class":118},[68,129265,344],{"class":114},[68,129267,1636],{"class":78},[68,129269,129270],{"class":3708},"   # -1\n",[59,129272,129274],{"className":61,"code":129273,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129275,129276,129288,129292],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129277,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129279,1345],{"class":106},[68,129281,111],{"class":110},[68,129283,115],{"class":114},[68,129285,347],{"class":118},[68,129287,122],{"class":114},[68,129289,129290],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129291,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129293,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129295,129],{"class":128},[68,129297,79],{"class":78},[68,129299,1367],{"class":138},[68,129301,236],{"class":78},[68,129303,35877],{"class":138},[68,129305,79],{"class":78},[68,129307,344],{"class":114},[68,129309,2245],{"class":118},[68,129311,344],{"class":114},[68,129313,1636],{"class":78},[68,129315,129316],{"class":3708},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129318,129319,129320,129324,129325,129327,129328,236],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[49,129321,129322,129051],{"href":124382},[15,129323,58984],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129326,58984],{},", read ",[49,129329,25713,129330],{"href":73496},[15,129331,129332],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[93,129334,41079],{"id":41078},[20,129336,35436,129337,129339],{},[15,129338,124357],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,129341,129342,129345,129348,129351],{},[36,129343,129344],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,129346,129347],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,129349,129350],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,129352,129353],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129355,129356],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[59,129358,129360],{"className":61,"code":129359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129361,129362,129375,129398,129402,129417,129433,129452,129466],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129363,129364,129366,129368,129370,129373],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129365,1345],{"class":106},[68,129367,111],{"class":110},[68,129369,115],{"class":114},[68,129371,129372],{"class":118},"name:Alice",[68,129374,122],{"class":114},[68,129376,129377,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129378,129379],{"class":106},"colon_pos ",[68,129381,111],{"class":110},[68,129383,42870],{"class":106},[68,129385,236],{"class":78},[68,129387,128386],{"class":138},[68,129389,79],{"class":78},[68,129391,344],{"class":114},[68,129393,503],{"class":118},[68,129395,344],{"class":114},[68,129397,85],{"class":78},[68,129399,129400],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129401,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129403,129404,129406,129409,129411,129413,129415],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,129405,1099],{"class":1098},[68,129407,129408],{"class":106}," colon_pos ",[68,129410,72606],{"class":110},[68,129412,2289],{"class":110},[68,129414,469],{"class":160},[68,129416,1648],{"class":78},[68,129418,129419,129422,129424,129426,129428,129431],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,129420,129421],{"class":106},"    label ",[68,129423,111],{"class":110},[68,129425,42870],{"class":106},[68,129427,75549],{"class":78},[68,129429,129430],{"class":106},"colon_pos",[68,129432,730],{"class":78},[68,129434,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,129436,27435],{"class":106},[68,129438,111],{"class":110},[68,129440,42870],{"class":106},[68,129442,795],{"class":78},[68,129444,129379],{"class":106},[68,129446,2132],{"class":110},[68,129448,5539],{"class":160},[68,129450,129451],{"class":78},":]\n",[68,129453,129454,129456,129458,129461,129463],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,129455,1118],{"class":128},[68,129457,79],{"class":78},[68,129459,129460],{"class":138},"label",[68,129462,1701],{"class":78},[68,129464,129465],{"class":3708},"  # name\n",[68,129467,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,129469,1118],{"class":128},[68,129471,79],{"class":78},[68,129473,665],{"class":138},[68,129475,1701],{"class":78},[68,129477,129478],{"class":3708},"  # Alice\n",[20,129480,129481,129482,236],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[49,129483,127397],{"href":123617},[93,129485,1750],{"id":1749},[20,129487,129488,129489,503],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129490,124357],{},[33,129492,129493,129502,129508,129513,129519],{},[36,129494,1770,129495,8489,129497,384,129499,129501],{},[15,129496,124357],{},[15,129498,290],{},[15,129500,293],{}," instead of an index",[36,129503,129504,129505,129507],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129506,65869],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,129509,633,129510,129512],{},[15,129511,124357],{}," without handling case differences",[36,129514,37237,129515,8739,129517],{},[15,129516,124357],{},[15,129518,58984],{},[36,129520,4624,129521,129523],{},[15,129522,124357],{}," changes the string",[20,129525,129526],{},"Example of a mistake:",[59,129528,129530],{"className":61,"code":129529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129531,129532,129544,129548,129568,129583,129589],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129533,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129535,1345],{"class":106},[68,129537,111],{"class":110},[68,129539,115],{"class":114},[68,129541,347],{"class":118},[68,129543,122],{"class":114},[68,129545,129546],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129547,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129549,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129551,1099],{"class":1098},[68,129553,42870],{"class":106},[68,129555,236],{"class":78},[68,129557,128386],{"class":138},[68,129559,79],{"class":78},[68,129561,344],{"class":114},[68,129563,60455],{"class":118},[68,129565,344],{"class":114},[68,129567,1113],{"class":78},[68,129569,129570,129572,129574,129576,129579,129581],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,129571,1118],{"class":128},[68,129573,79],{"class":78},[68,129575,344],{"class":114},[68,129577,129578],{"class":118},"Found",[68,129580,344],{"class":114},[68,129582,85],{"class":78},[68,129584,129585,129587],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,129586,27468],{"class":1098},[68,129588,1648],{"class":78},[68,129590,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,129592,1118],{"class":128},[68,129594,79],{"class":78},[68,129596,344],{"class":114},[68,129598,26349],{"class":118},[68,129600,344],{"class":114},[68,129602,85],{"class":78},[20,129604,99929],{},[59,129606,129608],{"className":61,"code":129607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Not found\n",[15,129609,129610],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129611,129612],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129613,129607],{"class":106},[20,129615,938,129616,129619,129620,1453,129622,129624,129625,129627],{},[15,129617,129618],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129621,2192],{},[15,129623,2192],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129626,1099],{}," statement.",[20,129629,129630],{},"A safer version is:",[59,129632,129634],{"className":61,"code":129633,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129635,129636,129648,129652,129681,129695,129701],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129637,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129639,1345],{"class":106},[68,129641,111],{"class":110},[68,129643,115],{"class":114},[68,129645,347],{"class":118},[68,129647,122],{"class":114},[68,129649,129650],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129651,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,129653,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670,129672,129675,129677,129679],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129655,1099],{"class":1098},[68,129657,42870],{"class":106},[68,129659,236],{"class":78},[68,129661,128386],{"class":138},[68,129663,79],{"class":78},[68,129665,344],{"class":114},[68,129667,60455],{"class":118},[68,129669,344],{"class":114},[68,129671,1701],{"class":78},[68,129673,129674],{"class":110}," !=",[68,129676,2289],{"class":110},[68,129678,469],{"class":160},[68,129680,1648],{"class":78},[68,129682,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,129684,1118],{"class":128},[68,129686,79],{"class":78},[68,129688,344],{"class":114},[68,129690,129578],{"class":118},[68,129692,344],{"class":114},[68,129694,85],{"class":78},[68,129696,129697,129699],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,129698,27468],{"class":1098},[68,129700,1648],{"class":78},[68,129702,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,129704,1118],{"class":128},[68,129706,79],{"class":78},[68,129708,344],{"class":114},[68,129710,26349],{"class":118},[68,129712,344],{"class":114},[68,129714,85],{"class":78},[20,129716,129717],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[59,129719,129721],{"className":61,"code":129720,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129722,129723,129745,129759,129785,129799],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,129724,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741,129743],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,129726,129],{"class":128},[68,129728,79],{"class":78},[68,129730,1367],{"class":138},[68,129732,236],{"class":78},[68,129734,128386],{"class":138},[68,129736,79],{"class":78},[68,129738,203],{"class":114},[68,129740,38425],{"class":118},[68,129742,203],{"class":114},[68,129744,142],{"class":78},[68,129746,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,129748,129],{"class":128},[68,129750,79],{"class":78},[68,129752,1839],{"class":128},[68,129754,79],{"class":78},[68,129756,1367],{"class":138},[68,129758,142],{"class":78},[68,129760,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777,129779,129781,129783],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,129762,129],{"class":128},[68,129764,79],{"class":78},[68,129766,1367],{"class":138},[68,129768,236],{"class":78},[68,129770,8674],{"class":138},[68,129772,8671],{"class":78},[68,129774,128386],{"class":138},[68,129776,79],{"class":78},[68,129778,203],{"class":114},[68,129780,38425],{"class":118},[68,129782,203],{"class":114},[68,129784,142],{"class":78},[68,129786,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795,129797],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,129788,129],{"class":128},[68,129790,79],{"class":78},[68,129792,11191],{"class":128},[68,129794,79],{"class":78},[68,129796,1367],{"class":138},[68,129798,142],{"class":78},[68,129800,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129825,129827],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,129802,129],{"class":128},[68,129804,79],{"class":78},[68,129806,1367],{"class":138},[68,129808,236],{"class":78},[68,129810,128386],{"class":138},[68,129812,79],{"class":78},[68,129814,203],{"class":114},[68,129816,38425],{"class":118},[68,129818,203],{"class":114},[68,129820,472],{"class":78},[68,129822,36083],{"class":138},[68,129824,472],{"class":78},[68,129826,65055],{"class":138},[68,129828,142],{"class":78},[20,129830,129831],{},"These help you check:",[33,129833,129834,129839,129844,129849,129852],{},[36,129835,129836,129837],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129838,124357],{},[36,129840,129841,129842],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129843,122579],{},[36,129845,129846,129847],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129848,124092],{},[36,129850,129851],{},"The string length",[36,129853,129854,129855,232,129857,129859],{},"Whether your ",[15,129856,36104],{},[15,129858,52676],{}," values are correct",[93,129861,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,129863,129865,129866,129868],{"id":129864},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129867,124357],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129870,5191,129871,236],{},[15,129872,65869],{},[1470,129874,12736,129876,129878],{"id":129875},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129877,124357],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129880,129881],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1470,129883,129885,129886,124698],{"id":129884},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129887,124357],{},[20,129889,129890],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1470,129892,5221,129894,232,129896,69669],{"id":129893},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129895,124357],{},[15,129897,58984],{},[20,129899,129900,1541,129902,129904,129905,52510,129907,236],{},[15,129901,124357],{},[15,129903,65869],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129906,58984],{},[15,129908,40738],{},[1470,129910,28363,129912,129914],{"id":129911},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129913,124357],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129916,129917,129918,232,129920,66168],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129919,36104],{},[15,129921,52676],{},[93,129923,1952],{"id":1951},[33,129925,129926,129932,129938,129945,129951,129958,129962,129967],{},[36,129927,129928],{},[49,129929,126361,129930,10770],{"href":124382},[15,129931,58984],{},[36,129933,129934],{},[49,129935,126361,129936,10770],{"href":129048},[15,129937,60548],{},[36,129939,129940],{},[49,129941,126361,129943,10770],{"href":129942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129944,124533],{},[36,129946,129947],{},[49,129948,126361,129949,10770],{"href":127726},[15,129950,127729],{},[36,129952,129953],{},[49,129954,126361,129956,10770],{"href":129955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129957,126419],{},[36,129959,129960],{},[49,129961,124761],{"href":123617},[36,129963,129964],{},[49,129965,129966],{"href":129044},"How to split a string in Python",[36,129968,129969],{},[49,129970,26156,129971],{"href":73496},[15,129972,129332],{},[1995,129974,129975],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":129977},[129978,129980,129983,129984,129985,129986,129988,129989,129990,130002],{"id":128462,"depth":125,"text":129979},"What find() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":129981},[129982],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":38053,"depth":125,"text":38054},{"id":65421,"depth":125,"text":66204},{"id":124008,"depth":125,"text":124009},{"id":129189,"depth":125,"text":129987},"find() vs index()",{"id":41078,"depth":125,"text":41079},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":129991},[129992,129994,129996,129998,130000],{"id":129864,"depth":145,"text":129993},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129875,"depth":145,"text":129995},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129884,"depth":145,"text":129997},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129893,"depth":145,"text":129999},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129911,"depth":145,"text":130001},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128334,"description":130003},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130010,"title":130011,"body":130012,"description":131938,"extension":2033,"meta":131939,"navigation":148,"path":131940,"seo":131941,"stem":131942,"__hash__":131943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130013,"toc":131906},[130014,130019,130024,130027,130029,130105,130109,130137,130145,130149,130154,130158,130175,130177,130244,130248,130270,130278,130280,130283,130307,130310,130324,130326,130411,130415,130427,130430,130434,130440,130490,130494,130511,130520,130523,130531,130534,130583,130587,130612,130615,130670,130674,130686,130692,130696,130702,130707,130774,130778,130804,130807,130818,130820,130887,130891,130916,130923,130927,130932,130939,130947,130949,131001,131005,131023,131025,131070,131074,131089,131092,131102,131109,131111,131115,131118,131129,131131,131191,131195,131223,131226,131232,131237,131240,131244,131288,131291,131329,131332,131340,131342,131347,131351,131354,131402,131405,131408,131464,131468,131473,131476,131525,131527,131576,131582,131587,131589,131636,131640,131653,131655,131706,131712,131715,131719,131722,131728,131733,131735,131738,131810,131813,131830,131832,131837,131840,131844,131850,131856,131863,131869,131875,131877,131903],[10,130015,123362,130017,11352],{"id":130016},"python-string-format-method",[15,130018,126364],{},[20,130020,123367,130021,130023],{},[15,130022,126364],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130025,130026],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[93,130028,2075],{"id":2074},[59,130030,130032],{"className":61,"code":130031,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130033,130034,130046,130054,130058,130095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130035,130036,130038,130040,130042,130044],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130037,107],{"class":106},[68,130039,111],{"class":110},[68,130041,115],{"class":114},[68,130043,11540],{"class":118},[68,130045,122],{"class":114},[68,130047,130048,130050,130052],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130049,21663],{"class":106},[68,130051,111],{"class":110},[68,130053,88812],{"class":160},[68,130055,130056],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,130057,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,130059,130060,130062,130064,130066,130069,130071,130074,130076,130078,130080,130082,130085,130087,130089,130091,130093],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,130061,90020],{"class":106},[68,130063,111],{"class":110},[68,130065,115],{"class":114},[68,130067,130068],{"class":118},"My name is ",[68,130070,3838],{"class":160},[68,130072,130073],{"class":118}," and I am ",[68,130075,3838],{"class":160},[68,130077,122361],{"class":118},[68,130079,344],{"class":114},[68,130081,236],{"class":78},[68,130083,130084],{"class":138},"format",[68,130086,79],{"class":78},[68,130088,139],{"class":138},[68,130090,472],{"class":78},[68,130092,9219],{"class":138},[68,130094,85],{"class":78},[68,130096,130097,130099,130101,130103],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,130098,129],{"class":128},[68,130100,79],{"class":78},[68,130102,90037],{"class":138},[68,130104,85],{"class":78},[20,130106,130107],{},[1301,130108,180],{},[59,130110,130112],{"className":61,"code":130111,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130113,130114],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130115,130116,130119,130121,130124,130127,130130,130133,130135],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130117,130118],{"class":106},"My name ",[68,130120,12226],{"class":110},[68,130122,130123],{"class":106}," Maya ",[68,130125,130126],{"class":110},"and",[68,130128,130129],{"class":106}," I am ",[68,130131,130132],{"class":160},"12",[68,130134,122394],{"class":106},[68,130136,122397],{"class":78},[20,130138,224,130139,130141,130142,130144],{},[15,130140,3838],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130143,126364],{}," in the same order.",[20,130146,125113,130147,236],{},[49,130148,125116],{"href":50990},[93,130150,240,130152,13031],{"id":130151},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130153,126364],{},[20,130155,2050,130156,11443],{},[15,130157,126364],{},[33,130159,130160,130163,130169,130172],{},[36,130161,130162],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,130164,130165,130166,130168],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130167,3838],{}," with given values",[36,130170,130171],{},"returns a new string",[36,130173,130174],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130176,326],{},[59,130178,130180],{"className":61,"code":130179,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130181,130182,130196,130219,130223,130234],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130183,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192,130194],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130185,1345],{"class":106},[68,130187,111],{"class":110},[68,130189,115],{"class":114},[68,130191,44928],{"class":118},[68,130193,3838],{"class":160},[68,130195,122],{"class":114},[68,130197,130198,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130199,130200],{"class":106},"new_text ",[68,130202,111],{"class":110},[68,130204,42870],{"class":106},[68,130206,236],{"class":78},[68,130208,130084],{"class":138},[68,130210,79],{"class":78},[68,130212,344],{"class":114},[68,130214,7714],{"class":118},[68,130216,344],{"class":114},[68,130218,85],{"class":78},[68,130220,130221],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,130222,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,130224,130225,130227,130229,130232],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,130226,129],{"class":128},[68,130228,79],{"class":78},[68,130230,130231],{"class":138},"new_text",[68,130233,85],{"class":78},[68,130235,130236,130238,130240,130242],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,130237,129],{"class":128},[68,130239,79],{"class":78},[68,130241,1367],{"class":138},[68,130243,85],{"class":78},[20,130245,130246],{},[1301,130247,180],{},[59,130249,130251],{"className":61,"code":130250,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130252,130253,130262],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130254,130255,130257,130259],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130256,34897],{"class":106},[68,130258,472],{"class":78},[68,130260,130261],{"class":106}," Sam\n",[68,130263,130264,130266,130268],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130265,34897],{"class":106},[68,130267,472],{"class":78},[68,130269,9868],{"class":78},[20,130271,2353,130272,130274,130275,130277],{},[15,130273,1367],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130276,126364],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[93,130279,303],{"id":302},[20,130281,130282],{},"The general form is:",[59,130284,130286],{"className":61,"code":130285,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130287,130288],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130289,130290,130292,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130305],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130291,344],{"class":43357},[68,130293,130294],{"class":43361},"text {}",[68,130296,344],{"class":43357},[68,130298,236],{"class":78},[68,130300,130084],{"class":138},[68,130302,79],{"class":78},[68,130304,665],{"class":138},[68,130306,85],{"class":78},[20,130308,130309],{},"Key idea:",[33,130311,130312,130318,130321],{},[36,130313,130314,130315,130317],{},"each ",[15,130316,3838],{}," is a placeholder",[36,130319,130320],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,130322,130323],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130325,326],{},[59,130327,130329],{"className":61,"code":130328,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130330,130331,130344,130358,130362,130400],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130332,130333,130336,130338,130340,130342],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130334,130335],{"class":106},"animal ",[68,130337,111],{"class":110},[68,130339,115],{"class":114},[68,130341,37080],{"class":118},[68,130343,122],{"class":114},[68,130345,130346,130349,130351,130353,130356],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130347,130348],{"class":106},"sound ",[68,130350,111],{"class":110},[68,130352,115],{"class":114},[68,130354,130355],{"class":118},"meow",[68,130357,122],{"class":114},[68,130359,130360],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,130361,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,130363,130364,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130393,130395,130398],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,130365,130366],{"class":106},"sentence ",[68,130368,111],{"class":110},[68,130370,115],{"class":114},[68,130372,2050],{"class":118},[68,130374,3838],{"class":160},[68,130376,130377],{"class":118}," says ",[68,130379,3838],{"class":160},[68,130381,236],{"class":118},[68,130383,344],{"class":114},[68,130385,236],{"class":78},[68,130387,130084],{"class":138},[68,130389,79],{"class":78},[68,130391,130392],{"class":138},"animal",[68,130394,472],{"class":78},[68,130396,130397],{"class":138}," sound",[68,130399,85],{"class":78},[68,130401,130402,130404,130406,130409],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,130403,129],{"class":128},[68,130405,79],{"class":78},[68,130407,130408],{"class":138},"sentence",[68,130410,85],{"class":78},[20,130412,130413],{},[1301,130414,180],{},[59,130416,130418],{"className":61,"code":130417,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130421,130422,130425],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130423,130424],{"class":106},"The cat says meow",[68,130426,122397],{"class":78},[20,130428,130429],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[93,130431,130433],{"id":130432},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130435,130436,130437,130439],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130438,3838],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[59,130441,130443],{"className":61,"code":130442,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130444,130445],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130446,130447,130449,130451,130453,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130477,130479,130481,130483,130486,130488],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130448,129],{"class":128},[68,130450,79],{"class":78},[68,130452,344],{"class":114},[68,130454,130455],{"class":118},"I like ",[68,130457,3838],{"class":160},[68,130459,232],{"class":118},[68,130461,3838],{"class":160},[68,130463,236],{"class":118},[68,130465,344],{"class":114},[68,130467,236],{"class":78},[68,130469,130084],{"class":138},[68,130471,79],{"class":78},[68,130473,344],{"class":114},[68,130475,130476],{"class":118},"pizza",[68,130478,344],{"class":114},[68,130480,472],{"class":78},[68,130482,115],{"class":114},[68,130484,130485],{"class":118},"pasta",[68,130487,344],{"class":114},[68,130489,142],{"class":78},[20,130491,130492],{},[1301,130493,180],{},[59,130495,130497],{"className":61,"code":130496,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130498,130499],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130500,130501,130504,130506,130509],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130502,130503],{"class":106},"I like pizza ",[68,130505,130126],{"class":110},[68,130507,130508],{"class":106}," pasta",[68,130510,122397],{"class":78},[20,130512,130513,130514,232,130517,236],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130515,130516],{},"{0}",[15,130518,130519],{},"{1}",[20,130521,130522],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,130524,130525,130528],{},[36,130526,130527],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,130529,130530],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130532,130533],{},"Example with reused values:",[59,130535,130537],{"className":61,"code":130536,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130538,130539,130573],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130540,130541,130543,130545,130547,130549,130552,130554,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130542,1345],{"class":106},[68,130544,111],{"class":110},[68,130546,115],{"class":114},[68,130548,130516],{"class":160},[68,130550,130551],{"class":118}," is learning Python. ",[68,130553,130516],{"class":160},[68,130555,130556],{"class":118}," likes coding.",[68,130558,344],{"class":114},[68,130560,236],{"class":78},[68,130562,130084],{"class":138},[68,130564,79],{"class":78},[68,130566,344],{"class":114},[68,130568,19916],{"class":118},[68,130570,344],{"class":114},[68,130572,85],{"class":78},[68,130574,130575,130577,130579,130581],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130576,129],{"class":128},[68,130578,79],{"class":78},[68,130580,1367],{"class":138},[68,130582,85],{"class":78},[20,130584,130585],{},[1301,130586,180],{},[59,130588,130590],{"className":61,"code":130589,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130591,130592],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130593,130594,130597,130599,130602,130604,130607,130610],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130595,130596],{"class":106},"Lina ",[68,130598,12226],{"class":110},[68,130600,130601],{"class":106}," learning Python",[68,130603,236],{"class":78},[68,130605,130606],{"class":1267}," Lina",[68,130608,130609],{"class":106}," likes coding",[68,130611,122397],{"class":78},[20,130613,130614],{},"Example with changed order:",[59,130616,130618],{"className":61,"code":130617,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130619,130620,130660],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130621,130622,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130623,1345],{"class":106},[68,130625,111],{"class":110},[68,130627,115],{"class":114},[68,130629,130519],{"class":160},[68,130631,83339],{"class":118},[68,130633,130516],{"class":160},[68,130635,236],{"class":118},[68,130637,344],{"class":114},[68,130639,236],{"class":78},[68,130641,130084],{"class":138},[68,130643,79],{"class":78},[68,130645,344],{"class":114},[68,130647,6624],{"class":118},[68,130649,344],{"class":114},[68,130651,472],{"class":78},[68,130653,115],{"class":114},[68,130655,79285],{"class":118},[68,130657,344],{"class":114},[68,130659,85],{"class":78},[68,130661,130662,130664,130666,130668],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130663,129],{"class":128},[68,130665,79],{"class":78},[68,130667,1367],{"class":138},[68,130669,85],{"class":78},[20,130671,130672],{},[1301,130673,180],{},[59,130675,130677],{"className":61,"code":130676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130678,130679],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130680,130681,130684],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130682,130683],{"class":106},"two comes after one",[68,130685,122397],{"class":78},[20,130687,130688,130689,130691],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130690,3838],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[93,130693,130695],{"id":130694},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130697,130698,130699,236],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130700,130701],{},"{name}",[20,130703,130704,130705,503],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130706,126364],{},[59,130708,130710],{"className":61,"code":130709,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130711,130712,130764],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130713,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130727,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130715,1345],{"class":106},[68,130717,111],{"class":110},[68,130719,115],{"class":114},[68,130721,130068],{"class":118},[68,130723,130701],{"class":160},[68,130725,130726],{"class":118}," and I live in ",[68,130728,130729],{"class":160},"{city}",[68,130731,236],{"class":118},[68,130733,344],{"class":114},[68,130735,236],{"class":78},[68,130737,130084],{"class":138},[68,130739,79],{"class":78},[68,130741,139],{"class":9206},[68,130743,111],{"class":110},[68,130745,344],{"class":114},[68,130747,12913],{"class":118},[68,130749,344],{"class":114},[68,130751,472],{"class":78},[68,130753,31419],{"class":9206},[68,130755,111],{"class":110},[68,130757,344],{"class":114},[68,130759,16063],{"class":118},[68,130761,344],{"class":114},[68,130763,85],{"class":78},[68,130765,130766,130768,130770,130772],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130767,129],{"class":128},[68,130769,79],{"class":78},[68,130771,1367],{"class":138},[68,130773,85],{"class":78},[20,130775,130776],{},[1301,130777,180],{},[59,130779,130781],{"className":61,"code":130780,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130782,130783],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130784,130785,130787,130789,130792,130794,130797,130799,130802],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130786,130118],{"class":106},[68,130788,12226],{"class":110},[68,130790,130791],{"class":106}," Ana ",[68,130793,130126],{"class":110},[68,130795,130796],{"class":106}," I live ",[68,130798,3927],{"class":110},[68,130800,130801],{"class":106}," Lima",[68,130803,122397],{"class":78},[20,130805,130806],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,130808,130809,130812,130815],{},[36,130810,130811],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,130813,130814],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,130816,130817],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130819,326],{},[59,130821,130823],{"className":61,"code":130822,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130824,130825,130877],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130826,130827,130830,130832,130834,130837,130840,130843,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130863,130865,130867,130870,130872,130875],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130828,130829],{"class":106},"report ",[68,130831,111],{"class":110},[68,130833,115],{"class":114},[68,130835,130836],{"class":118},"Student: ",[68,130838,130839],{"class":160},"{student}",[68,130841,130842],{"class":118},", Score: ",[68,130844,130845],{"class":160},"{score}",[68,130847,344],{"class":114},[68,130849,236],{"class":78},[68,130851,130084],{"class":138},[68,130853,79],{"class":78},[68,130855,13658],{"class":9206},[68,130857,111],{"class":110},[68,130859,344],{"class":114},[68,130861,130862],{"class":118},"Noah",[68,130864,344],{"class":114},[68,130866,472],{"class":78},[68,130868,130869],{"class":9206}," score",[68,130871,111],{"class":110},[68,130873,130874],{"class":160},"95",[68,130876,85],{"class":78},[68,130878,130879,130881,130883,130885],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130880,129],{"class":128},[68,130882,79],{"class":78},[68,130884,128074],{"class":138},[68,130886,85],{"class":78},[20,130888,130889],{},[1301,130890,180],{},[59,130892,130894],{"className":61,"code":130893,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130895,130896],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130897,130898,130901,130903,130906,130908,130911,130913],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130899,130900],{"class":106},"Student",[68,130902,503],{"class":78},[68,130904,130905],{"class":106}," Noah",[68,130907,472],{"class":78},[68,130909,130910],{"class":106}," Score",[68,130912,503],{"class":78},[68,130914,130915],{"class":160}," 95\n",[20,130917,130918,130919,236],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[49,130920,13,130921,1151],{"href":1444},[15,130922,1447],{},[93,130924,130926],{"id":130925},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130928,130929,130931],{},[15,130930,126364],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130933,130934,130935,130938],{},"A common example is ",[15,130936,130937],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,130940,130941,130944],{},[36,130942,130943],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,130945,130946],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130948,326],{},[59,130950,130952],{"className":61,"code":130951,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130953,130954,130962,130991],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,130955,130956,130958,130960],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,130957,40421],{"class":106},[68,130959,111],{"class":110},[68,130961,49293],{"class":160},[68,130963,130964,130966,130968,130970,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,130965,1345],{"class":106},[68,130967,111],{"class":110},[68,130969,115],{"class":114},[68,130971,130972],{"class":118},"Price: $",[68,130974,9308],{"class":160},[68,130976,130937],{"class":193},[68,130978,22338],{"class":160},[68,130980,344],{"class":114},[68,130982,236],{"class":78},[68,130984,130084],{"class":138},[68,130986,79],{"class":78},[68,130988,25185],{"class":138},[68,130990,85],{"class":78},[68,130992,130993,130995,130997,130999],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,130994,129],{"class":128},[68,130996,79],{"class":78},[68,130998,1367],{"class":138},[68,131000,85],{"class":78},[20,131002,131003],{},[1301,131004,180],{},[59,131006,131008],{"className":61,"code":131007,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131009,131010],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131011,131012,131015,131017,131020],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131013,131014],{"class":106},"Price",[68,131016,503],{"class":78},[68,131018,131019],{"class":37400}," $",[68,131021,131022],{"class":160},"3.50\n",[20,131024,52095],{},[59,131026,131028],{"className":61,"code":131027,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131029,131030,131040],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131031,131032,131035,131037],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131033,131034],{"class":106},"average ",[68,131036,111],{"class":110},[68,131038,131039],{"class":160}," 91.236\n",[68,131041,131042,131044,131046,131048,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131068],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131043,129],{"class":128},[68,131045,79],{"class":78},[68,131047,344],{"class":114},[68,131049,131050],{"class":118},"Average: ",[68,131052,9308],{"class":160},[68,131054,130937],{"class":193},[68,131056,22338],{"class":160},[68,131058,344],{"class":114},[68,131060,236],{"class":78},[68,131062,130084],{"class":138},[68,131064,79],{"class":78},[68,131066,131067],{"class":138},"average",[68,131069,142],{"class":78},[20,131071,131072],{},[1301,131073,180],{},[59,131075,131077],{"className":61,"code":131076,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131078,131079],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131080,131081,131084,131086],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131082,131083],{"class":106},"Average",[68,131085,503],{"class":78},[68,131087,131088],{"class":160}," 91.24\n",[20,131090,131091],{},"This is useful for:",[33,131093,131094,131096,131099],{},[36,131095,83097],{},[36,131097,131098],{},"averages",[36,131100,131101],{},"percentages",[20,131103,131104,131105,236],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[49,131106,13,131107,2369],{"href":46470},[15,131108,46473],{},[93,131110,17451],{"id":17450},[20,131112,131113,92534],{},[15,131114,126364],{},[20,131116,131117],{},"That means you can:",[33,131119,131120,131123,131126],{},[36,131121,131122],{},"save it in a variable",[36,131124,131125],{},"print it directly",[36,131127,131128],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131130,326],{},[59,131132,131134],{"className":61,"code":131133,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131135,131136,131167,131177],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131137,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131163,131165],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131139,90020],{"class":106},[68,131141,111],{"class":110},[68,131143,115],{"class":114},[68,131145,44928],{"class":118},[68,131147,3838],{"class":160},[68,131149,89861],{"class":118},[68,131151,344],{"class":114},[68,131153,236],{"class":78},[68,131155,130084],{"class":138},[68,131157,79],{"class":78},[68,131159,344],{"class":114},[68,131161,131162],{"class":118},"Chris",[68,131164,344],{"class":114},[68,131166,85],{"class":78},[68,131168,131169,131171,131173,131175],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131170,129],{"class":128},[68,131172,79],{"class":78},[68,131174,90037],{"class":138},[68,131176,85],{"class":78},[68,131178,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,131180,129],{"class":128},[68,131182,79],{"class":78},[68,131184,75],{"class":74},[68,131186,79],{"class":78},[68,131188,90037],{"class":138},[68,131190,142],{"class":78},[20,131192,131193],{},[1301,131194,180],{},[59,131196,131198],{"className":61,"code":131197,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131199,131200,131209],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131201,131202,131204,131206],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131203,34897],{"class":106},[68,131205,472],{"class":78},[68,131207,131208],{"class":106}," Chris!\n",[68,131210,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219,131221],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131212,190],{"class":110},[68,131214,194],{"class":193},[68,131216,197],{"class":114},[68,131218,200],{"class":118},[68,131220,203],{"class":114},[68,131222,206],{"class":110},[20,131224,131225],{},"The original string is not changed.",[93,131227,131229,131231],{"id":131228},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131230,126364],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131233,131234,131236],{},[15,131235,126364],{}," is a string method.",[20,131238,131239],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131241,46063,131242,503],{},[15,131243,126364],{},[59,131245,131247],{"className":61,"code":131246,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131248,131249,131262],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131250,131251,131253,131255,131257,131260],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131252,107],{"class":106},[68,131254,111],{"class":110},[68,131256,115],{"class":114},[68,131258,131259],{"class":118},"Rita",[68,131261,122],{"class":114},[68,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131265,129],{"class":128},[68,131267,79],{"class":78},[68,131269,344],{"class":114},[68,131271,44928],{"class":118},[68,131273,3838],{"class":160},[68,131275,89861],{"class":118},[68,131277,344],{"class":114},[68,131279,236],{"class":78},[68,131281,130084],{"class":138},[68,131283,79],{"class":78},[68,131285,139],{"class":138},[68,131287,142],{"class":78},[20,131289,131290],{},"Example with an f-string:",[59,131292,131294],{"className":61,"code":131293,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131295,131296,131308],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131297,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131299,107],{"class":106},[68,131301,111],{"class":110},[68,131303,115],{"class":114},[68,131305,131259],{"class":118},[68,131307,122],{"class":114},[68,131309,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131327],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131311,129],{"class":128},[68,131313,79],{"class":78},[68,131315,22329],{"class":193},[68,131317,43375],{"class":118},[68,131319,9308],{"class":160},[68,131321,139],{"class":138},[68,131323,22338],{"class":160},[68,131325,131326],{"class":118},"!\"",[68,131328,85],{"class":78},[20,131330,131331],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131333,131334,131335,131337,131338,236],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131336,126364],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[49,131339,89706],{"href":89705},[93,131341,1750],{"id":1749},[20,131343,131344,131345,236],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131346,126364],{},[1470,131348,131350],{"id":131349},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131352,131353],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[59,131355,131357],{"className":61,"code":131356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131358,131359,131392],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131360,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131362,1345],{"class":106},[68,131364,111],{"class":110},[68,131366,115],{"class":114},[68,131368,44928],{"class":118},[68,131370,3838],{"class":160},[68,131372,131373],{"class":160}," {}",[68,131375,89861],{"class":118},[68,131377,344],{"class":114},[68,131379,236],{"class":78},[68,131381,130084],{"class":138},[68,131383,79],{"class":78},[68,131385,344],{"class":114},[68,131387,7714],{"class":118},[68,131389,344],{"class":114},[68,131391,85],{"class":78},[68,131393,131394,131396,131398,131400],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131395,129],{"class":128},[68,131397,79],{"class":78},[68,131399,1367],{"class":138},[68,131401,85],{"class":78},[20,131403,131404],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131406,131407],{},"Fixed version:",[59,131409,131411],{"className":61,"code":131410,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131412,131413,131454],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131414,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443,131445,131447,131450,131452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131416,1345],{"class":106},[68,131418,111],{"class":110},[68,131420,115],{"class":114},[68,131422,44928],{"class":118},[68,131424,3838],{"class":160},[68,131426,131373],{"class":160},[68,131428,89861],{"class":118},[68,131430,344],{"class":114},[68,131432,236],{"class":78},[68,131434,130084],{"class":138},[68,131436,79],{"class":78},[68,131438,344],{"class":114},[68,131440,7714],{"class":118},[68,131442,344],{"class":114},[68,131444,472],{"class":78},[68,131446,115],{"class":114},[68,131448,131449],{"class":118},"Lee",[68,131451,344],{"class":114},[68,131453,85],{"class":78},[68,131455,131456,131458,131460,131462],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131457,129],{"class":128},[68,131459,79],{"class":78},[68,131461,1367],{"class":138},[68,131463,85],{"class":78},[1470,131465,131467],{"id":131466},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131469,131470,131471,236],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131472,126364],{},[20,131474,131475],{},"Problem:",[59,131477,131479],{"className":61,"code":131478,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131480,131481,131515],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131482,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131484,1345],{"class":106},[68,131486,111],{"class":110},[68,131488,115],{"class":114},[68,131490,44928],{"class":118},[68,131492,130701],{"class":160},[68,131494,89861],{"class":118},[68,131496,344],{"class":114},[68,131498,236],{"class":78},[68,131500,130084],{"class":138},[68,131502,79],{"class":78},[68,131504,8023],{"class":9206},[68,131506,111],{"class":110},[68,131508,344],{"class":114},[68,131510,7714],{"class":118},[68,131512,344],{"class":114},[68,131514,85],{"class":78},[68,131516,131517,131519,131521,131523],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131518,129],{"class":128},[68,131520,79],{"class":78},[68,131522,1367],{"class":138},[68,131524,85],{"class":78},[20,131526,131407],{},[59,131528,131530],{"className":61,"code":131529,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131531,131532,131566],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131533,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131535,1345],{"class":106},[68,131537,111],{"class":110},[68,131539,115],{"class":114},[68,131541,44928],{"class":118},[68,131543,130701],{"class":160},[68,131545,89861],{"class":118},[68,131547,344],{"class":114},[68,131549,236],{"class":78},[68,131551,130084],{"class":138},[68,131553,79],{"class":78},[68,131555,139],{"class":9206},[68,131557,111],{"class":110},[68,131559,344],{"class":114},[68,131561,7714],{"class":118},[68,131563,344],{"class":114},[68,131565,85],{"class":78},[68,131567,131568,131570,131572,131574],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131569,129],{"class":128},[68,131571,79],{"class":78},[68,131573,1367],{"class":138},[68,131575,85],{"class":78},[1470,131577,1770,131579,131581],{"id":131578},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131580,126364],{}," to change the original string",[20,131583,131584,131586],{},[15,131585,126364],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131588,131475],{},[59,131590,131592],{"className":61,"code":131591,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131593,131594,131608,131626],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131595,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131597,1345],{"class":106},[68,131599,111],{"class":110},[68,131601,115],{"class":114},[68,131603,44928],{"class":118},[68,131605,3838],{"class":160},[68,131607,122],{"class":114},[68,131609,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131611,1367],{"class":106},[68,131613,236],{"class":78},[68,131615,130084],{"class":138},[68,131617,79],{"class":78},[68,131619,344],{"class":114},[68,131621,7714],{"class":118},[68,131623,344],{"class":114},[68,131625,85],{"class":78},[68,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,131629,129],{"class":128},[68,131631,79],{"class":78},[68,131633,1367],{"class":138},[68,131635,85],{"class":78},[20,131637,131638],{},[1301,131639,180],{},[59,131641,131643],{"className":61,"code":131642,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131644,131645],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131646,131647,131649,131651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131648,34897],{"class":106},[68,131650,472],{"class":78},[68,131652,9868],{"class":78},[20,131654,131407],{},[59,131656,131658],{"className":61,"code":131657,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131659,131660,131674,131696],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131661,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131663,1345],{"class":106},[68,131665,111],{"class":110},[68,131667,115],{"class":114},[68,131669,44928],{"class":118},[68,131671,3838],{"class":160},[68,131673,122],{"class":114},[68,131675,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131677,1345],{"class":106},[68,131679,111],{"class":110},[68,131681,42870],{"class":106},[68,131683,236],{"class":78},[68,131685,130084],{"class":138},[68,131687,79],{"class":78},[68,131689,344],{"class":114},[68,131691,7714],{"class":118},[68,131693,344],{"class":114},[68,131695,85],{"class":78},[68,131697,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,131699,129],{"class":128},[68,131701,79],{"class":78},[68,131703,1367],{"class":138},[68,131705,85],{"class":78},[1470,131707,4749,131709,131711],{"id":131708},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131710,126364],{}," returns a new string",[20,131713,131714],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1470,131716,131718],{"id":131717},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131720,131721],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131723,131724,131725,131727],{},"Use simple ",[15,131726,3838],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131729,131730,131731,236],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[49,131732,90419],{"href":90418},[93,131734,67910],{"id":67909},[20,131736,131737],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[59,131739,131741],{"className":61,"code":131740,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131742,131743,131753,131767,131796],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131746,129],{"class":128},[68,131748,79],{"class":78},[68,131750,1367],{"class":138},[68,131752,85],{"class":78},[68,131754,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131756,129],{"class":128},[68,131758,79],{"class":78},[68,131760,75],{"class":74},[68,131762,79],{"class":78},[68,131764,665],{"class":138},[68,131766,142],{"class":78},[68,131768,131769,131771,131773,131775,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,131770,129],{"class":128},[68,131772,79],{"class":78},[68,131774,344],{"class":114},[68,131776,131777],{"class":118},"Hello ",[68,131779,3838],{"class":160},[68,131781,344],{"class":114},[68,131783,236],{"class":78},[68,131785,130084],{"class":138},[68,131787,79],{"class":78},[68,131789,344],{"class":114},[68,131791,7714],{"class":118},[68,131793,344],{"class":114},[68,131795,142],{"class":78},[68,131797,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,131799,1850],{"class":128},[68,131801,79],{"class":78},[68,131803,200],{"class":74},[68,131805,236],{"class":78},[68,131807,130084],{"class":1267},[68,131809,85],{"class":78},[20,131811,131812],{},"Use them to check:",[33,131814,131815,131818,131821,131824],{},[36,131816,131817],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,131819,131820],{},"what type your value has",[36,131822,131823],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,131825,131826,131827],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131828,131829],{},"str.format",[93,131831,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,131833,129865,131835,12748],{"id":131834},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131836,126364],{},[20,131838,131839],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1470,131841,131843],{"id":131842},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131845,131846,131847,131849],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131848,3838],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1470,131851,131853,131854,1906],{"id":131852},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131855,126364],{},[20,131857,131858,131859,131862],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131860,131861],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1470,131864,1900,131866,131868],{"id":131865},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131867,126364],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131870,131871,131872,131874],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131873,126364],{}," is still useful and common.",[93,131876,1952],{"id":1951},[33,131878,131879,131883,131887,131893,131899],{},[36,131880,131881],{},[49,131882,125116],{"href":50990},[36,131884,131885],{},[49,131886,90696],{"href":89705},[36,131888,131889],{},[49,131890,13,131891,1151],{"href":46470},[15,131892,46473],{},[36,131894,131895],{},[49,131896,13,131897,1151],{"href":1444},[15,131898,1447],{},[36,131900,131901],{},[49,131902,90419],{"href":90418},[1995,131904,131905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":131907},[131908,131909,131911,131912,131913,131914,131915,131916,131918,131927,131928,131937],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":130151,"depth":125,"text":131910},"What the format() method does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":130432,"depth":125,"text":130433},{"id":130694,"depth":125,"text":130695},{"id":130925,"depth":125,"text":130926},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":131228,"depth":125,"text":131917},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":131919},[131920,131921,131922,131924,131926],{"id":131349,"depth":145,"text":131350},{"id":131466,"depth":145,"text":131467},{"id":131578,"depth":145,"text":131923},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131708,"depth":145,"text":131925},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131717,"depth":145,"text":131718},{"id":67909,"depth":125,"text":67910},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":131929},[131930,131932,131933,131935],{"id":131834,"depth":145,"text":131931},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131842,"depth":145,"text":131843},{"id":131852,"depth":145,"text":131934},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131865,"depth":145,"text":131936},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130011,"description":131938},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131945,"title":131946,"body":131947,"description":133427,"extension":2033,"meta":133428,"navigation":148,"path":133429,"seo":133430,"stem":133431,"__hash__":133432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131948,"toc":133399},[131949,131954,131959,131964,131966,132028,132035,132041,132046,132048,132064,132066,132137,132139,132153,132156,132206,132208,132210,132237,132240,132255,132258,132299,132302,132347,132354,132403,132405,132413,132415,132433,132435,132528,132536,132577,132582,132589,132595,132602,132605,132609,132710,132712,132734,132738,132791,132794,132797,132803,132810,132812,132851,132853,132871,132881,132888,132971,132974,132981,132988,132995,132999,133007,133053,133057,133066,133131,133136,133141,133152,133154,133159,133186,133188,133291,133294,133314,133316,133321,133324,133328,133332,133339,133348,133354,133357,133363,133365,133367,133396],[10,131950,123362,131952,11352],{"id":131951},"python-string-index-method",[15,131953,58984],{},[20,131955,123367,131956,131958],{},[15,131957,58984],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131960,131961,131962,236],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131963,40738],{},[93,131965,2075],{"id":2074},[59,131967,131969],{"className":61,"code":131968,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131970,131971,131983,132005,132015,132019,132023],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,131972,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,131974,1345],{"class":106},[68,131976,111],{"class":110},[68,131978,115],{"class":114},[68,131980,60423],{"class":118},[68,131982,122],{"class":114},[68,131984,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,131986,64934],{"class":106},[68,131988,111],{"class":110},[68,131990,42870],{"class":106},[68,131992,236],{"class":78},[68,131994,35877],{"class":138},[68,131996,79],{"class":78},[68,131998,344],{"class":114},[68,132000,60608],{"class":118},[68,132002,344],{"class":114},[68,132004,85],{"class":78},[68,132006,132007,132009,132011,132013],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132008,129],{"class":128},[68,132010,79],{"class":78},[68,132012,64961],{"class":138},[68,132014,85],{"class":78},[68,132016,132017],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132018,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132020,132021],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,132022,90837],{"class":3708},[68,132024,132025],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,132026,132027],{"class":3708},"# 6\n",[20,132029,224,132030,132032,132033,236],{},[15,132031,58984],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132034,40738],{},[93,132036,3722,132038,3725],{"id":132037},"what-strindex-does",[15,132039,132040],{},"str.index()",[20,132042,132043,132045],{},[15,132044,132040],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132047,13084],{},[33,132049,132050,132053,132056,132059],{},[36,132051,132052],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,132054,132055],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,132057,132058],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,132060,30328,132061,132063],{},[15,132062,40738],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132065,326],{},[59,132067,132069],{"className":61,"code":132068,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132070,132071,132083,132087,132112],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132072,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132074,1345],{"class":106},[68,132076,111],{"class":110},[68,132078,115],{"class":114},[68,132080,4132],{"class":118},[68,132082,122],{"class":114},[68,132084,132085],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132086,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132088,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132090,129],{"class":128},[68,132092,79],{"class":78},[68,132094,1367],{"class":138},[68,132096,236],{"class":78},[68,132098,35877],{"class":138},[68,132100,79],{"class":78},[68,132102,344],{"class":114},[68,132104,49],{"class":118},[68,132106,344],{"class":114},[68,132108,1636],{"class":78},[68,132110,132111],{"class":3708},"     # 1\n",[68,132113,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132115,129],{"class":128},[68,132117,79],{"class":78},[68,132119,1367],{"class":138},[68,132121,236],{"class":78},[68,132123,35877],{"class":138},[68,132125,79],{"class":78},[68,132127,344],{"class":114},[68,132129,123455],{"class":118},[68,132131,344],{"class":114},[68,132133,1636],{"class":78},[68,132135,132136],{"class":3708},"    # 2\n",[20,132138,2250],{},[33,132140,132141,132147],{},[36,132142,132143,128574,132145],{},[15,132144,18129],{},[15,132146,469],{},[36,132148,132149,128574,132151],{},[15,132150,128573],{},[15,132152,2129],{},[20,132154,132155],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[59,132157,132159],{"className":61,"code":132158,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132160,132161,132173,132177,132201],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132162,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132164,1345],{"class":106},[68,132166,111],{"class":110},[68,132168,115],{"class":114},[68,132170,34897],{"class":118},[68,132172,122],{"class":114},[68,132174,132175],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132176,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132180,129],{"class":128},[68,132182,79],{"class":78},[68,132184,1367],{"class":138},[68,132186,236],{"class":78},[68,132188,35877],{"class":138},[68,132190,79],{"class":78},[68,132192,344],{"class":114},[68,132194,51206],{"class":118},[68,132196,344],{"class":114},[68,132198,1636],{"class":78},[68,132200,20802],{"class":3708},[68,132202,132203],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132204,132205],{"class":3708},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[93,132207,303],{"id":302},[20,132209,2231],{},[59,132211,132213],{"className":61,"code":132212,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132214,132215],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132216,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132218,61191],{"class":106},[68,132220,236],{"class":78},[68,132222,35877],{"class":138},[68,132224,79],{"class":78},[68,132226,665],{"class":138},[68,132228,472],{"class":78},[68,132230,36083],{"class":138},[68,132232,472],{"class":78},[68,132234,65055],{"class":138},[68,132236,85],{"class":78},[20,132238,132239],{},"Parameters:",[33,132241,132242,132246,132250],{},[36,132243,132244,123554],{},[15,132245,665],{},[36,132247,132248,128620],{},[15,132249,36104],{},[36,132251,132252,132254],{},[15,132253,52676],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132256,132257],{},"You can use just the value:",[59,132259,132261],{"className":61,"code":132260,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132262,132263,132275],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132264,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132266,1345],{"class":106},[68,132268,111],{"class":110},[68,132270,115],{"class":114},[68,132272,63],{"class":118},[68,132274,122],{"class":114},[68,132276,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132278,129],{"class":128},[68,132280,79],{"class":78},[68,132282,1367],{"class":138},[68,132284,236],{"class":78},[68,132286,35877],{"class":138},[68,132288,79],{"class":78},[68,132290,344],{"class":114},[68,132292,63303],{"class":118},[68,132294,344],{"class":114},[68,132296,1636],{"class":78},[68,132298,51430],{"class":3708},[20,132300,132301],{},"Or include a start position:",[59,132303,132305],{"className":61,"code":132304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132306,132307,132319],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132308,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132310,1345],{"class":106},[68,132312,111],{"class":110},[68,132314,115],{"class":114},[68,132316,4132],{"class":118},[68,132318,122],{"class":114},[68,132320,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132322,129],{"class":128},[68,132324,79],{"class":78},[68,132326,1367],{"class":138},[68,132328,236],{"class":78},[68,132330,35877],{"class":138},[68,132332,79],{"class":78},[68,132334,344],{"class":114},[68,132336,49],{"class":118},[68,132338,344],{"class":114},[68,132340,472],{"class":78},[68,132342,475],{"class":160},[68,132344,1636],{"class":78},[68,132346,50785],{"class":3708},[20,132348,132349,132350,232,132352,503],{},"Or include both ",[15,132351,36104],{},[15,132353,52676],{},[59,132355,132357],{"className":61,"code":132356,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132358,132359,132371],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132360,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132362,1345],{"class":106},[68,132364,111],{"class":110},[68,132366,115],{"class":114},[68,132368,4132],{"class":118},[68,132370,122],{"class":114},[68,132372,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132374,129],{"class":128},[68,132376,79],{"class":78},[68,132378,1367],{"class":138},[68,132380,236],{"class":78},[68,132382,35877],{"class":138},[68,132384,79],{"class":78},[68,132386,344],{"class":114},[68,132388,49],{"class":118},[68,132390,344],{"class":114},[68,132392,472],{"class":78},[68,132394,475],{"class":160},[68,132396,472],{"class":78},[68,132398,4650],{"class":160},[68,132400,1636],{"class":78},[68,132402,50785],{"class":3708},[93,132404,38054],{"id":38053},[20,132406,28743,132407,132409,132410,236],{},[15,132408,58984],{}," is a ",[1301,132411,132412],{},"zero-based index",[20,132414,2179],{},[33,132416,132417,132423,132428],{},[36,132418,132419,132420,132422],{},"Index ",[15,132421,2192],{}," is the first character",[36,132424,132419,132425,132427],{},[15,132426,469],{}," is the second character",[36,132429,132419,132430,132432],{},[15,132431,2129],{}," is the third character",[20,132434,326],{},[59,132436,132438],{"className":61,"code":132437,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132439,132440,132452,132456,132480,132504],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132441,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132443,1345],{"class":106},[68,132445,111],{"class":110},[68,132447,115],{"class":114},[68,132449,37080],{"class":118},[68,132451,122],{"class":114},[68,132453,132454],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132455,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132459,129],{"class":128},[68,132461,79],{"class":78},[68,132463,1367],{"class":138},[68,132465,236],{"class":78},[68,132467,35877],{"class":138},[68,132469,79],{"class":78},[68,132471,344],{"class":114},[68,132473,9769],{"class":118},[68,132475,344],{"class":114},[68,132477,1636],{"class":78},[68,132479,51262],{"class":3708},[68,132481,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132483,129],{"class":128},[68,132485,79],{"class":78},[68,132487,1367],{"class":138},[68,132489,236],{"class":78},[68,132491,35877],{"class":138},[68,132493,79],{"class":78},[68,132495,344],{"class":114},[68,132497,49],{"class":118},[68,132499,344],{"class":114},[68,132501,1636],{"class":78},[68,132503,27814],{"class":3708},[68,132505,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,132507,129],{"class":128},[68,132509,79],{"class":78},[68,132511,1367],{"class":138},[68,132513,236],{"class":78},[68,132515,35877],{"class":138},[68,132517,79],{"class":78},[68,132519,344],{"class":114},[68,132521,63303],{"class":118},[68,132523,344],{"class":114},[68,132525,1636],{"class":78},[68,132527,51430],{"class":3708},[20,132529,132530,132532,132533,132535],{},[15,132531,58984],{}," returns only the ",[1301,132534,29943],{}," matching position.",[59,132537,132539],{"className":61,"code":132538,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132540,132541,132553],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132542,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132544,1345],{"class":106},[68,132546,111],{"class":110},[68,132548,115],{"class":114},[68,132550,4132],{"class":118},[68,132552,122],{"class":114},[68,132554,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132556,129],{"class":128},[68,132558,79],{"class":78},[68,132560,1367],{"class":138},[68,132562,236],{"class":78},[68,132564,35877],{"class":138},[68,132566,79],{"class":78},[68,132568,344],{"class":114},[68,132570,49],{"class":118},[68,132572,344],{"class":114},[68,132574,1636],{"class":78},[68,132576,27814],{"class":3708},[20,132578,21012,132579,132581],{},[15,132580,18129],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132583,132584,132585,236],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[49,132586,132587,10770],{"href":124812},[15,132588,58606],{},[93,132590,633,132591,232,132593],{"id":65421},[15,132592,36104],{},[15,132594,52676],{},[20,132596,2050,132597,232,132599,132601],{},[15,132598,36104],{},[15,132600,52676],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132603,132604],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132606,46063,132607,503],{},[15,132608,36104],{},[59,132610,132612],{"className":61,"code":132611,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132613,132614,132626,132630,132654,132682],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132615,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132617,1345],{"class":106},[68,132619,111],{"class":110},[68,132621,115],{"class":114},[68,132623,4132],{"class":118},[68,132625,122],{"class":114},[68,132627,132628],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132629,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132631,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132633,129],{"class":128},[68,132635,79],{"class":78},[68,132637,1367],{"class":138},[68,132639,236],{"class":78},[68,132641,35877],{"class":138},[68,132643,79],{"class":78},[68,132645,344],{"class":114},[68,132647,49],{"class":118},[68,132649,344],{"class":114},[68,132651,1636],{"class":78},[68,132653,51135],{"class":3708},[68,132655,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132657,129],{"class":128},[68,132659,79],{"class":78},[68,132661,1367],{"class":138},[68,132663,236],{"class":78},[68,132665,35877],{"class":138},[68,132667,79],{"class":78},[68,132669,344],{"class":114},[68,132671,49],{"class":118},[68,132673,344],{"class":114},[68,132675,472],{"class":78},[68,132677,475],{"class":160},[68,132679,1636],{"class":78},[68,132681,50984],{"class":3708},[68,132683,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,132685,129],{"class":128},[68,132687,79],{"class":78},[68,132689,1367],{"class":138},[68,132691,236],{"class":78},[68,132693,35877],{"class":138},[68,132695,79],{"class":78},[68,132697,344],{"class":114},[68,132699,49],{"class":118},[68,132701,344],{"class":114},[68,132703,472],{"class":78},[68,132705,2521],{"class":160},[68,132707,1636],{"class":78},[68,132709,50768],{"class":3708},[20,132711,19991],{},[33,132713,132714,132721,132727],{},[36,132715,132716,132717,65611,132719],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132718,18129],{},[15,132720,469],{},[36,132722,132723,132724,132726],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132725,2129],{}," skips that first match",[36,132728,132723,132729,132731,132732],{},[15,132730,2568],{}," finds the last ",[15,132733,18129],{},[20,132735,46063,132736,503],{},[15,132737,52676],{},[59,132739,132741],{"className":61,"code":132740,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132742,132743,132755,132759],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132744,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132746,1345],{"class":106},[68,132748,111],{"class":110},[68,132750,115],{"class":114},[68,132752,4132],{"class":118},[68,132754,122],{"class":114},[68,132756,132757],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132758,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132760,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132762,129],{"class":128},[68,132764,79],{"class":78},[68,132766,1367],{"class":138},[68,132768,236],{"class":78},[68,132770,35877],{"class":138},[68,132772,79],{"class":78},[68,132774,344],{"class":114},[68,132776,76044],{"class":118},[68,132778,344],{"class":114},[68,132780,472],{"class":78},[68,132782,3880],{"class":160},[68,132784,472],{"class":78},[68,132786,2521],{"class":160},[68,132788,1636],{"class":78},[68,132790,51430],{"class":3708},[20,132792,132793],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132795,132796],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[93,132798,44242,132800,132802],{"id":132799},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132801,58984],{}," causes an error",[20,132804,132805,132806,52510,132808,236],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132807,58984],{},[15,132809,40738],{},[20,132811,326],{},[59,132813,132815],{"className":61,"code":132814,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132816,132817,132829],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132818,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132820,1345],{"class":106},[68,132822,111],{"class":110},[68,132824,115],{"class":114},[68,132826,347],{"class":118},[68,132828,122],{"class":114},[68,132830,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132832,129],{"class":128},[68,132834,79],{"class":78},[68,132836,1367],{"class":138},[68,132838,236],{"class":78},[68,132840,35877],{"class":138},[68,132842,79],{"class":78},[68,132844,344],{"class":114},[68,132846,22112],{"class":118},[68,132848,344],{"class":114},[68,132850,142],{"class":78},[20,132852,180],{},[59,132854,132856],{"className":61,"code":132855,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132857,132858],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132859,132860,132862,132864,132867,132869],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132861,40738],{"class":74},[68,132863,503],{"class":78},[68,132865,132866],{"class":106}," substring ",[68,132868,1303],{"class":110},[68,132870,65844],{"class":106},[20,132872,53357,132873,126327,132878,132880],{},[49,132874,132875],{"href":130005},[15,132876,132877],{},"str.find()",[15,132879,65869],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132882,132883,132884,232,132886,503],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132885,29838],{},[15,132887,29869],{},[59,132889,132891],{"className":61,"code":132890,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132892,132893,132905,132909,132915,132938,132948,132956],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,132894,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,132896,1345],{"class":106},[68,132898,111],{"class":110},[68,132900,115],{"class":114},[68,132902,347],{"class":118},[68,132904,122],{"class":114},[68,132906,132907],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,132908,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,132910,132911,132913],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,132912,29838],{"class":1098},[68,132914,1648],{"class":78},[68,132916,132917,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,132918,132919],{"class":106},"    position ",[68,132921,111],{"class":110},[68,132923,42870],{"class":106},[68,132925,236],{"class":78},[68,132927,35877],{"class":138},[68,132929,79],{"class":78},[68,132931,344],{"class":114},[68,132933,22112],{"class":118},[68,132935,344],{"class":114},[68,132937,85],{"class":78},[68,132939,132940,132942,132944,132946],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,132941,1118],{"class":128},[68,132943,79],{"class":78},[68,132945,64961],{"class":138},[68,132947,85],{"class":78},[68,132949,132950,132952,132954],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,132951,29869],{"class":1098},[68,132953,41956],{"class":74},[68,132955,1648],{"class":78},[68,132957,132958,132960,132962,132964,132967,132969],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,132959,1118],{"class":128},[68,132961,79],{"class":78},[68,132963,344],{"class":114},[68,132965,132966],{"class":118},"Substring not found",[68,132968,344],{"class":114},[68,132970,85],{"class":78},[20,132972,132973],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132975,41976,132976,236],{},[49,132977,25713,132979],{"href":132978},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132980,129332],{},[93,132982,132984,969,132986],{"id":132983},"index-vs-find",[15,132985,58984],{},[15,132987,124357],{},[20,132989,132990,232,132992,132994],{},[15,132991,58984],{},[15,132993,124357],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1470,132996,132997],{"id":35877},[15,132998,58984],{},[33,133000,133001,133004],{},[36,133002,133003],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,133005,133006],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[59,133008,133010],{"className":61,"code":133009,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133011,133012,133024,133048],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133013,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133015,1345],{"class":106},[68,133017,111],{"class":110},[68,133019,115],{"class":114},[68,133021,347],{"class":118},[68,133023,122],{"class":114},[68,133025,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133027,129],{"class":128},[68,133029,79],{"class":78},[68,133031,1367],{"class":138},[68,133033,236],{"class":78},[68,133035,35877],{"class":138},[68,133037,79],{"class":78},[68,133039,344],{"class":114},[68,133041,60464],{"class":118},[68,133043,344],{"class":114},[68,133045,1636],{"class":78},[68,133047,27814],{"class":3708},[68,133049,133050],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133051,133052],{"class":3708},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1470,133054,133055],{"id":128386},[15,133056,124357],{},[33,133058,133059,133061],{},[36,133060,133003],{},[36,133062,11454,133063,133065],{},[15,133064,65869],{}," if nothing is found",[59,133067,133069],{"className":61,"code":133068,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133070,133071,133083,133107],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133072,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133074,1345],{"class":106},[68,133076,111],{"class":110},[68,133078,115],{"class":114},[68,133080,347],{"class":118},[68,133082,122],{"class":114},[68,133084,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133086,129],{"class":128},[68,133088,79],{"class":78},[68,133090,1367],{"class":138},[68,133092,236],{"class":78},[68,133094,128386],{"class":138},[68,133096,79],{"class":78},[68,133098,344],{"class":114},[68,133100,60464],{"class":118},[68,133102,344],{"class":114},[68,133104,1636],{"class":78},[68,133106,27814],{"class":3708},[68,133108,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133110,129],{"class":128},[68,133112,79],{"class":78},[68,133114,1367],{"class":138},[68,133116,236],{"class":78},[68,133118,128386],{"class":138},[68,133120,79],{"class":78},[68,133122,344],{"class":114},[68,133124,22112],{"class":118},[68,133126,344],{"class":114},[68,133128,1636],{"class":78},[68,133130,128742],{"class":3708},[20,133132,224,133133,133135],{},[15,133134,58984],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133137,224,133138,133140],{},[15,133139,124357],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133142,133143,133144,384,133149,236],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[49,133145,133146,133148],{"href":130005},[15,133147,132877],{}," method reference",[49,133150,127397],{"href":133151},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[93,133153,1750],{"id":1749},[20,133155,133156,133157,503],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133158,58984],{},[33,133160,133161,133164,133171,133176,133181],{},[36,133162,133163],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,133165,1770,133166,8489,133168,133170],{},[15,133167,58984],{},[15,133169,65869],{}," when no match exists",[36,133172,633,133173,133175],{},[15,133174,58984],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,133177,133178,133179],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133180,469],{},[36,133182,4624,133183,133185],{},[15,133184,58984],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133187,62312],{},[59,133189,133191],{"className":61,"code":133190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133192,133193,133203,133217,133239,133261],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133194,133195,133197,133199,133201],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133196,129],{"class":128},[68,133198,79],{"class":78},[68,133200,1367],{"class":138},[68,133202,85],{"class":78},[68,133204,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133206,129],{"class":128},[68,133208,79],{"class":78},[68,133210,1839],{"class":128},[68,133212,79],{"class":78},[68,133214,1367],{"class":138},[68,133216,142],{"class":78},[68,133218,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133220,129],{"class":128},[68,133222,79],{"class":78},[68,133224,1367],{"class":138},[68,133226,236],{"class":78},[68,133228,35877],{"class":138},[68,133230,79],{"class":78},[68,133232,344],{"class":114},[68,133234,665],{"class":118},[68,133236,344],{"class":114},[68,133238,142],{"class":78},[68,133240,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,133242,129],{"class":128},[68,133244,79],{"class":78},[68,133246,1367],{"class":138},[68,133248,236],{"class":78},[68,133250,128386],{"class":138},[68,133252,79],{"class":78},[68,133254,344],{"class":114},[68,133256,665],{"class":118},[68,133258,344],{"class":114},[68,133260,142],{"class":78},[68,133262,133263,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,133264,129],{"class":128},[68,133266,79],{"class":78},[68,133268,1367],{"class":138},[68,133270,236],{"class":78},[68,133272,35877],{"class":138},[68,133274,79],{"class":78},[68,133276,344],{"class":114},[68,133278,665],{"class":118},[68,133280,344],{"class":114},[68,133282,472],{"class":78},[68,133284,36083],{"class":138},[68,133286,472],{"class":78},[68,133288,65055],{"class":138},[68,133290,142],{"class":78},[20,133292,133293],{},"Tips:",[33,133295,133296,133301,133306,133309],{},[36,133297,224,133298,133300],{},[15,133299,126283],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,133302,224,133303,133305],{},[15,133304,124357],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,133307,133308],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,133310,133311,133312],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133313,2192],{},[93,133315,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,133317,129865,133319,12748],{"id":133318},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133320,58984],{},[20,133322,133323],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1470,133325,133327],{"id":133326},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133329,76872,133330,236],{},[15,133331,40738],{},[1470,133333,5221,133335,232,133337,1906],{"id":133334},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133336,58984],{},[15,133338,124357],{},[20,133340,133341,133343,133344,1541,133346,6670],{},[15,133342,58984],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133345,124357],{},[15,133347,65869],{},[1470,133349,1939,133351,133353],{"id":133350},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133352,58984],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133355,133356],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1470,133358,133360,133361,124698],{"id":133359},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133362,58984],{},[20,133364,129890],{},[93,133366,1952],{"id":1951},[33,133368,133369,133375,133379,133384,133390],{},[36,133370,133371],{},[49,133372,133373,10770],{"href":130005},[15,133374,132877],{},[36,133376,133377],{},[49,133378,124761],{"href":133151},[36,133380,133381],{},[49,133382,129966],{"href":133383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,133385,133386],{},[49,133387,133388,10770],{"href":124812},[15,133389,58606],{},[36,133391,133392],{},[49,133393,30382,133394],{"href":132978},[15,133395,129332],{},[1995,133397,133398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132983,"depth":125,"text":133410,"children":133411},"index() vs find()",[133412,133413],{"id":35877,"depth":145,"text":58984},{"id":128386,"depth":145,"text":124357},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":133416},[133417,133419,133420,133422,133424],{"id":133318,"depth":145,"text":133418},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133326,"depth":145,"text":133327},{"id":133334,"depth":145,"text":133421},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133350,"depth":145,"text":133423},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133359,"depth":145,"text":133425},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131946,"description":133427},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133434,"title":133435,"body":133436,"description":136211,"extension":2033,"meta":136212,"navigation":148,"path":136213,"seo":136214,"stem":136215,"__hash__":136216},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133437,"toc":136147},[133438,133444,133449,133452,133455,133466,133468,133537,133539,133553,133558,133563,133568,133570,133613,133615,133698,133700,133746,133752,133754,133756,133776,133778,133801,133803,133877,133879,133898,133903,133905,133909,133981,133983,133997,134001,134077,134079,134098,134102,134196,134198,134207,134214,134290,134292,134310,134314,134317,134324,134373,134375,134384,134391,134450,134452,134470,134473,134480,134539,134541,134559,134566,134623,134625,134634,134638,134643,134647,134706,134708,134726,134730,134777,134782,134785,134854,134856,134873,134880,134886,134941,134946,134949,135026,135028,135046,135052,135058,135118,135120,135139,135145,135148,135155,135208,135213,135215,135276,135285,135292,135294,135351,135356,135358,135429,135433,135488,135490,135499,135504,135510,135579,135581,135613,135619,135627,135634,135640,135705,135707,135716,135722,135803,135805,135814,135819,135833,135840,135844,135849,135877,135879,136012,136015,136052,136054,136060,136069,136074,136077,136082,136087,136093,136096,136105,136108,136110,136139,136144],[10,133439,123362,133441,11352],{"id":133440},"python-string-join-method",[15,133442,133443],{},"join()",[20,133445,123367,133446,133448],{},[15,133447,133443],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133450,133451],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133453,133454],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,133456,133457,133463],{},[36,133458,133459,133460,133462],{},"You call ",[15,133461,133443],{}," on the separator string",[36,133464,133465],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[93,133467,96],{"id":95},[59,133469,133471],{"className":61,"code":133470,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133472,133473,133506,133527],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133474,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133502,133504],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133476,4114],{"class":106},[68,133478,111],{"class":110},[68,133480,725],{"class":78},[68,133482,344],{"class":114},[68,133484,7334],{"class":118},[68,133486,344],{"class":114},[68,133488,472],{"class":78},[68,133490,115],{"class":114},[68,133492,12226],{"class":118},[68,133494,344],{"class":114},[68,133496,472],{"class":78},[68,133498,115],{"class":114},[68,133500,133501],{"class":118},"fun",[68,133503,344],{"class":114},[68,133505,730],{"class":78},[68,133507,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133521,133523,133525],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133509,2297],{"class":106},[68,133511,111],{"class":110},[68,133513,115],{"class":114},[68,133515,115],{"class":114},[68,133517,236],{"class":78},[68,133519,133520],{"class":138},"join",[68,133522,79],{"class":78},[68,133524,4158],{"class":138},[68,133526,85],{"class":78},[68,133528,133529,133531,133533,133535],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133530,129],{"class":128},[68,133532,79],{"class":78},[68,133534,2331],{"class":138},[68,133536,85],{"class":78},[20,133538,180],{},[59,133540,133542],{"className":61,"code":133541,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Python is fun\n",[15,133543,133544],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133545,133546,133548,133550],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133547,13],{"class":106},[68,133549,12226],{"class":110},[68,133551,133552],{"class":106}," fun\n",[20,133554,224,133555,133557],{},[15,133556,133443],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[93,133559,3722,133561,3725],{"id":133560},"what-join-does",[15,133562,133443],{},[20,133564,133565,133567],{},[15,133566,133443],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133569,11489],{},[33,133571,133572,133579,133607,133610],{},[36,133573,133574,133575,133578],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133576,133577],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,133580,133581,133582],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,133583,133584,133590,133596,133602],{},[36,133585,133586,133589],{},[15,133587,133588],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,133591,133592,133595],{},[15,133593,133594],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,133597,133598,133601],{},[15,133599,133600],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,133603,133604,133606],{},[15,133605,6313],{}," for no separator",[36,133608,133609],{},"It returns a new string",[36,133611,133612],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133614,326],{},[59,133616,133618],{"className":61,"code":133617,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133619,133620,133652,133674,133678,133688],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133621,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133623,4114],{"class":106},[68,133625,111],{"class":110},[68,133627,725],{"class":78},[68,133629,344],{"class":114},[68,133631,13125],{"class":118},[68,133633,344],{"class":114},[68,133635,472],{"class":78},[68,133637,115],{"class":114},[68,133639,17488],{"class":118},[68,133641,344],{"class":114},[68,133643,472],{"class":78},[68,133645,115],{"class":114},[68,133647,13142],{"class":118},[68,133649,344],{"class":114},[68,133651,730],{"class":78},[68,133653,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133655,2297],{"class":106},[68,133657,111],{"class":110},[68,133659,115],{"class":114},[68,133661,1448],{"class":118},[68,133663,344],{"class":114},[68,133665,236],{"class":78},[68,133667,133520],{"class":138},[68,133669,79],{"class":78},[68,133671,4158],{"class":138},[68,133673,85],{"class":78},[68,133675,133676],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133677,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,133679,133680,133682,133684,133686],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,133681,129],{"class":128},[68,133683,79],{"class":78},[68,133685,2331],{"class":138},[68,133687,85],{"class":78},[68,133689,133690,133692,133694,133696],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,133691,129],{"class":128},[68,133693,79],{"class":78},[68,133695,4158],{"class":138},[68,133697,85],{"class":78},[20,133699,180],{},[59,133701,133703],{"className":61,"code":133702,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133704,133705,133718],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133706,133707,133709,133711,133714,133716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133708,13125],{"class":106},[68,133710,472],{"class":78},[68,133712,133713],{"class":106}," green",[68,133715,472],{"class":78},[68,133717,35912],{"class":106},[68,133719,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133721,795],{"class":78},[68,133723,203],{"class":114},[68,133725,13125],{"class":118},[68,133727,203],{"class":114},[68,133729,472],{"class":78},[68,133731,197],{"class":114},[68,133733,17488],{"class":118},[68,133735,203],{"class":114},[68,133737,472],{"class":78},[68,133739,197],{"class":114},[68,133741,13142],{"class":118},[68,133743,203],{"class":114},[68,133745,730],{"class":78},[20,133747,133748,133749,133751],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133750,133443],{}," creates a new string.",[93,133753,303],{"id":302},[20,133755,7255],{},[59,133757,133759],{"className":61,"code":133758,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133760,133761],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133762,133763,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133764,133765],{"class":106},"separator",[68,133767,236],{"class":78},[68,133769,133520],{"class":138},[68,133771,79],{"class":78},[68,133773,3766],{"class":138},[68,133775,85],{"class":78},[1470,133777,49027],{"id":49026},[33,133779,133780,133793,133798],{},[36,133781,133782,133784,133785,1448,133787,1448,133789,1891,133791],{},[15,133783,133765],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133786,133588],{},[15,133788,133594],{},[15,133790,133600],{},[15,133792,6313],{},[36,133794,133795,133797],{},[15,133796,3766],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,133799,133800],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133802,326],{},[59,133804,133806],{"className":61,"code":133805,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133807,133808,133840,133863,133867],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133809,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133811,5040],{"class":106},[68,133813,111],{"class":110},[68,133815,725],{"class":78},[68,133817,344],{"class":114},[68,133819,12913],{"class":118},[68,133821,344],{"class":114},[68,133823,472],{"class":78},[68,133825,115],{"class":114},[68,133827,35972],{"class":118},[68,133829,344],{"class":114},[68,133831,472],{"class":78},[68,133833,115],{"class":114},[68,133835,35981],{"class":118},[68,133837,344],{"class":114},[68,133839,730],{"class":78},[68,133841,133842,133844,133846,133848,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133843,2297],{"class":106},[68,133845,111],{"class":110},[68,133847,115],{"class":114},[68,133849,133850],{"class":118}," | ",[68,133852,344],{"class":114},[68,133854,236],{"class":78},[68,133856,133520],{"class":138},[68,133858,79],{"class":78},[68,133860,5083],{"class":138},[68,133862,85],{"class":78},[68,133864,133865],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133866,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,133868,133869,133871,133873,133875],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,133870,129],{"class":128},[68,133872,79],{"class":78},[68,133874,2331],{"class":138},[68,133876,85],{"class":78},[20,133878,180],{},[59,133880,133882],{"className":61,"code":133881,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133883,133884],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133885,133886,133889,133891,133894,133896],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133887,133888],{"class":106},"Ana ",[68,133890,113874],{"class":110},[68,133892,133893],{"class":106}," Ben ",[68,133895,113874],{"class":110},[68,133897,36053],{"class":106},[20,133899,133900,133901,236],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[49,133902,125116],{"href":50990},[93,133904,399],{"id":398},[1470,133906,133908],{"id":133907},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[59,133910,133912],{"className":61,"code":133911,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133913,133914,133947,133967,133971],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133915,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133943,133945],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133917,4114],{"class":106},[68,133919,111],{"class":110},[68,133921,725],{"class":78},[68,133923,344],{"class":114},[68,133925,7334],{"class":118},[68,133927,344],{"class":114},[68,133929,472],{"class":78},[68,133931,115],{"class":114},[68,133933,12226],{"class":118},[68,133935,344],{"class":114},[68,133937,472],{"class":78},[68,133939,115],{"class":114},[68,133941,133942],{"class":118},"easy",[68,133944,344],{"class":114},[68,133946,730],{"class":78},[68,133948,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,133950,2297],{"class":106},[68,133952,111],{"class":110},[68,133954,115],{"class":114},[68,133956,115],{"class":114},[68,133958,236],{"class":78},[68,133960,133520],{"class":138},[68,133962,79],{"class":78},[68,133964,4158],{"class":138},[68,133966,85],{"class":78},[68,133968,133969],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,133970,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,133972,133973,133975,133977,133979],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,133974,129],{"class":128},[68,133976,79],{"class":78},[68,133978,2331],{"class":138},[68,133980,85],{"class":78},[20,133982,180],{},[59,133984,133986],{"className":61,"code":133985,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Python is easy\n",[15,133987,133988],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,133989,133990,133992,133994],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,133991,13],{"class":106},[68,133993,12226],{"class":110},[68,133995,133996],{"class":106}," easy\n",[1470,133998,134000],{"id":133999},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[59,134002,134004],{"className":61,"code":134003,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134005,134006,134041,134063,134067],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134019,134021,134023,134025,134028,134030,134032,134034,134037,134039],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134009,7817],{"class":106},[68,134011,111],{"class":110},[68,134013,725],{"class":78},[68,134015,344],{"class":114},[68,134017,134018],{"class":118},"apples",[68,134020,344],{"class":114},[68,134022,472],{"class":78},[68,134024,115],{"class":114},[68,134026,134027],{"class":118},"bananas",[68,134029,344],{"class":114},[68,134031,472],{"class":78},[68,134033,115],{"class":114},[68,134035,134036],{"class":118},"oranges",[68,134038,344],{"class":114},[68,134040,730],{"class":78},[68,134042,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134044,2297],{"class":106},[68,134046,111],{"class":110},[68,134048,115],{"class":114},[68,134050,1448],{"class":118},[68,134052,344],{"class":114},[68,134054,236],{"class":78},[68,134056,133520],{"class":138},[68,134058,79],{"class":78},[68,134060,7848],{"class":138},[68,134062,85],{"class":78},[68,134064,134065],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,134066,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,134068,134069,134071,134073,134075],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,134070,129],{"class":128},[68,134072,79],{"class":78},[68,134074,2331],{"class":138},[68,134076,85],{"class":78},[20,134078,180],{},[59,134080,134082],{"className":61,"code":134081,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134083,134084],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134085,134086,134088,134090,134093,134095],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134087,134018],{"class":106},[68,134089,472],{"class":78},[68,134091,134092],{"class":106}," bananas",[68,134094,472],{"class":78},[68,134096,134097],{"class":106}," oranges\n",[1470,134099,134101],{"id":134100},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[59,134103,134105],{"className":61,"code":134104,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134106,134107,134164,134182,134186],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134108,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134110,36122],{"class":106},[68,134112,111],{"class":110},[68,134114,725],{"class":78},[68,134116,344],{"class":114},[68,134118,134119],{"class":118},"P",[68,134121,344],{"class":114},[68,134123,472],{"class":78},[68,134125,115],{"class":114},[68,134127,11777],{"class":118},[68,134129,344],{"class":114},[68,134131,472],{"class":78},[68,134133,115],{"class":114},[68,134135,63303],{"class":118},[68,134137,344],{"class":114},[68,134139,472],{"class":78},[68,134141,115],{"class":114},[68,134143,60455],{"class":118},[68,134145,344],{"class":114},[68,134147,472],{"class":78},[68,134149,115],{"class":114},[68,134151,60490],{"class":118},[68,134153,344],{"class":114},[68,134155,472],{"class":78},[68,134157,115],{"class":114},[68,134159,76044],{"class":118},[68,134161,344],{"class":114},[68,134163,730],{"class":78},[68,134165,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134167,2297],{"class":106},[68,134169,111],{"class":110},[68,134171,6167],{"class":114},[68,134173,236],{"class":78},[68,134175,133520],{"class":138},[68,134177,79],{"class":78},[68,134179,36175],{"class":138},[68,134181,85],{"class":78},[68,134183,134184],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,134185,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,134187,134188,134190,134192,134194],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,134189,129],{"class":128},[68,134191,79],{"class":78},[68,134193,2331],{"class":138},[68,134195,85],{"class":78},[20,134197,180],{},[59,134199,134201],{"className":61,"code":134200,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Python\n",[15,134202,134203],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134204,134205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134206,134200],{"class":106},[1470,134208,134210,134211,134213],{"id":134209},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134212,133443],{}," returns the result",[59,134215,134217],{"className":61,"code":134216,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134218,134219,134252,134275,134279],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134220,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134248,134250],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134222,4114],{"class":106},[68,134224,111],{"class":110},[68,134226,725],{"class":78},[68,134228,344],{"class":114},[68,134230,6624],{"class":118},[68,134232,344],{"class":114},[68,134234,472],{"class":78},[68,134236,115],{"class":114},[68,134238,79285],{"class":118},[68,134240,344],{"class":114},[68,134242,472],{"class":78},[68,134244,115],{"class":114},[68,134246,134247],{"class":118},"three",[68,134249,344],{"class":114},[68,134251,730],{"class":78},[68,134253,134254,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134255,134256],{"class":106},"joined_text ",[68,134258,111],{"class":110},[68,134260,115],{"class":114},[68,134262,2094],{"class":118},[68,134264,344],{"class":114},[68,134266,236],{"class":78},[68,134268,133520],{"class":138},[68,134270,79],{"class":78},[68,134272,4158],{"class":138},[68,134274,85],{"class":78},[68,134276,134277],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,134278,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,134280,134281,134283,134285,134288],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,134282,129],{"class":128},[68,134284,79],{"class":78},[68,134286,134287],{"class":138},"joined_text",[68,134289,85],{"class":78},[20,134291,180],{},[59,134293,134295],{"className":61,"code":134294,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"one-two-three\n",[15,134296,134297],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134298,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134300,6624],{"class":106},[68,134302,2094],{"class":110},[68,134304,79285],{"class":106},[68,134306,2094],{"class":110},[68,134308,134309],{"class":106},"three\n",[93,134311,134313],{"id":134312},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134315,134316],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1470,134318,134320,134323],{"id":134319},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134321,134322],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[59,134325,134327],{"className":61,"code":134326,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134328,134329,134353],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134330,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134332,4114],{"class":106},[68,134334,111],{"class":110},[68,134336,725],{"class":78},[68,134338,344],{"class":114},[68,134340,347],{"class":118},[68,134342,344],{"class":114},[68,134344,472],{"class":78},[68,134346,115],{"class":114},[68,134348,60608],{"class":118},[68,134350,344],{"class":114},[68,134352,730],{"class":78},[68,134354,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134356,129],{"class":128},[68,134358,79],{"class":78},[68,134360,344],{"class":114},[68,134362,115],{"class":114},[68,134364,236],{"class":78},[68,134366,133520],{"class":138},[68,134368,79],{"class":78},[68,134370,4158],{"class":138},[68,134372,142],{"class":78},[20,134374,180],{},[59,134376,134378],{"className":61,"code":134377,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"hello world\n",[15,134379,134380],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134381,134382],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134383,134377],{"class":106},[1470,134385,134387,134390],{"id":134386},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134388,134389],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[59,134392,134394],{"className":61,"code":134393,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134395,134396,134428],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134397,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134399,13108],{"class":106},[68,134401,111],{"class":110},[68,134403,725],{"class":78},[68,134405,344],{"class":114},[68,134407,13125],{"class":118},[68,134409,344],{"class":114},[68,134411,472],{"class":78},[68,134413,115],{"class":114},[68,134415,13142],{"class":118},[68,134417,344],{"class":114},[68,134419,472],{"class":78},[68,134421,115],{"class":114},[68,134423,17488],{"class":118},[68,134425,344],{"class":114},[68,134427,730],{"class":78},[68,134429,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134431,129],{"class":128},[68,134433,79],{"class":78},[68,134435,344],{"class":114},[68,134437,1448],{"class":118},[68,134439,344],{"class":114},[68,134441,236],{"class":78},[68,134443,133520],{"class":138},[68,134445,79],{"class":78},[68,134447,17535],{"class":138},[68,134449,142],{"class":78},[20,134451,180],{},[59,134453,134455],{"className":61,"code":134454,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134456,134457],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134458,134459,134461,134463,134466,134468],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134460,13125],{"class":106},[68,134462,472],{"class":78},[68,134464,134465],{"class":106}," blue",[68,134467,472],{"class":78},[68,134469,35905],{"class":106},[20,134471,134472],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1470,134474,134476,134479],{"id":134475},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134477,134478],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[59,134481,134483],{"className":61,"code":134482,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134484,134485,134517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134486,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134488,42865],{"class":106},[68,134490,111],{"class":110},[68,134492,725],{"class":78},[68,134494,344],{"class":114},[68,134496,63],{"class":118},[68,134498,344],{"class":114},[68,134500,472],{"class":78},[68,134502,115],{"class":114},[68,134504,61191],{"class":118},[68,134506,344],{"class":114},[68,134508,472],{"class":78},[68,134510,115],{"class":114},[68,134512,133520],{"class":118},[68,134514,344],{"class":114},[68,134516,730],{"class":78},[68,134518,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134520,129],{"class":128},[68,134522,79],{"class":78},[68,134524,344],{"class":114},[68,134526,2094],{"class":118},[68,134528,344],{"class":114},[68,134530,236],{"class":78},[68,134532,133520],{"class":138},[68,134534,79],{"class":78},[68,134536,42897],{"class":138},[68,134538,142],{"class":78},[20,134540,180],{},[59,134542,134544],{"className":61,"code":134543,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"python-string-join\n",[15,134545,134546],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134547,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134549,63],{"class":106},[68,134551,2094],{"class":110},[68,134553,61191],{"class":106},[68,134555,2094],{"class":110},[68,134557,134558],{"class":106},"join\n",[1470,134560,134562,134565],{"id":134561},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134563,134564],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[59,134567,134569],{"className":61,"code":134568,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134570,134571,134604],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134572,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134600,134602],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134574,112946],{"class":106},[68,134576,111],{"class":110},[68,134578,725],{"class":78},[68,134580,344],{"class":114},[68,134582,22280],{"class":118},[68,134584,344],{"class":114},[68,134586,472],{"class":78},[68,134588,115],{"class":114},[68,134590,30634],{"class":118},[68,134592,344],{"class":114},[68,134594,472],{"class":78},[68,134596,115],{"class":114},[68,134598,134599],{"class":118},"C",[68,134601,344],{"class":114},[68,134603,730],{"class":78},[68,134605,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134621],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134607,129],{"class":128},[68,134609,79],{"class":78},[68,134611,6313],{"class":114},[68,134613,236],{"class":78},[68,134615,133520],{"class":138},[68,134617,79],{"class":78},[68,134619,134620],{"class":138},"chars",[68,134622,142],{"class":78},[20,134624,180],{},[59,134626,134628],{"className":61,"code":134627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ABC\n",[15,134629,134630],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134631,134632],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134633,134627],{"class":34486},[93,134635,134637],{"id":134636},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134639,134640,134642],{},[15,134641,133443],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1470,134644,134646],{"id":134645},"this-works","This works",[59,134648,134650],{"className":61,"code":134649,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134651,134652,134684],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134653,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134655,3869],{"class":106},[68,134657,111],{"class":110},[68,134659,725],{"class":78},[68,134661,344],{"class":114},[68,134663,438],{"class":118},[68,134665,344],{"class":114},[68,134667,472],{"class":78},[68,134669,115],{"class":114},[68,134671,15786],{"class":118},[68,134673,344],{"class":114},[68,134675,472],{"class":78},[68,134677,115],{"class":114},[68,134679,36874],{"class":118},[68,134681,344],{"class":114},[68,134683,730],{"class":78},[68,134685,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134687,129],{"class":128},[68,134689,79],{"class":78},[68,134691,344],{"class":114},[68,134693,1448],{"class":118},[68,134695,344],{"class":114},[68,134697,236],{"class":78},[68,134699,133520],{"class":138},[68,134701,79],{"class":78},[68,134703,5401],{"class":138},[68,134705,142],{"class":78},[20,134707,180],{},[59,134709,134711],{"className":61,"code":134710,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134712,134713],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134714,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134716,438],{"class":160},[68,134718,472],{"class":78},[68,134720,7828],{"class":160},[68,134722,472],{"class":78},[68,134724,134725],{"class":160}," 30\n",[1470,134727,134729],{"id":134728},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[59,134731,134733],{"className":61,"code":134732,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134734,134735,134755],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134736,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134738,3869],{"class":106},[68,134740,111],{"class":110},[68,134742,725],{"class":78},[68,134744,469],{"class":160},[68,134746,472],{"class":78},[68,134748,475],{"class":160},[68,134750,472],{"class":78},[68,134752,480],{"class":160},[68,134754,730],{"class":78},[68,134756,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134758,129],{"class":128},[68,134760,79],{"class":78},[68,134762,344],{"class":114},[68,134764,1448],{"class":118},[68,134766,344],{"class":114},[68,134768,236],{"class":78},[68,134770,133520],{"class":138},[68,134772,79],{"class":78},[68,134774,5401],{"class":138},[68,134776,142],{"class":78},[20,134778,90324,134779,134781],{},[15,134780,3060],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134783,134784],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[59,134786,134788],{"className":61,"code":134787,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134789,134790,134810,134840,134844],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134791,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134793,3869],{"class":106},[68,134795,111],{"class":110},[68,134797,725],{"class":78},[68,134799,469],{"class":160},[68,134801,472],{"class":78},[68,134803,475],{"class":160},[68,134805,472],{"class":78},[68,134807,480],{"class":160},[68,134809,730],{"class":78},[68,134811,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134813,2297],{"class":106},[68,134815,111],{"class":110},[68,134817,115],{"class":114},[68,134819,1448],{"class":118},[68,134821,344],{"class":114},[68,134823,236],{"class":78},[68,134825,133520],{"class":138},[68,134827,79],{"class":78},[68,134829,39894],{"class":128},[68,134831,79],{"class":78},[68,134833,200],{"class":74},[68,134835,472],{"class":78},[68,134837,3930],{"class":138},[68,134839,142],{"class":78},[68,134841,134842],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,134843,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,134845,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,134847,129],{"class":128},[68,134849,79],{"class":78},[68,134851,2331],{"class":138},[68,134853,85],{"class":78},[20,134855,180],{},[59,134857,134859],{"className":61,"code":134858,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134860,134861],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134862,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134864,469],{"class":160},[68,134866,472],{"class":78},[68,134868,475],{"class":160},[68,134870,472],{"class":78},[68,134872,2641],{"class":160},[20,134874,134875,134876,236],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[49,134877,13,134878,1151],{"href":1444},[15,134879,1447],{},[1470,134881,134883,134885],{"id":134882},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134884,3824],{}," values do not work directly",[59,134887,134889],{"className":61,"code":134888,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134890,134891,134919],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134892,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134894,3869],{"class":106},[68,134896,111],{"class":110},[68,134898,725],{"class":78},[68,134900,344],{"class":114},[68,134902,4123],{"class":118},[68,134904,344],{"class":114},[68,134906,472],{"class":78},[68,134908,3898],{"class":526},[68,134910,472],{"class":78},[68,134912,115],{"class":114},[68,134914,4132],{"class":118},[68,134916,344],{"class":114},[68,134918,730],{"class":78},[68,134920,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134922,129],{"class":128},[68,134924,79],{"class":78},[68,134926,344],{"class":114},[68,134928,1448],{"class":118},[68,134930,344],{"class":114},[68,134932,236],{"class":78},[68,134934,133520],{"class":138},[68,134936,79],{"class":78},[68,134938,5401],{"class":138},[68,134940,142],{"class":78},[20,134942,134943,134944,236],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134945,3060],{},[20,134947,134948],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[59,134950,134952],{"className":61,"code":134951,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134953,134954,134982,135012,135016],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,134955,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,134957,3869],{"class":106},[68,134959,111],{"class":110},[68,134961,725],{"class":78},[68,134963,344],{"class":114},[68,134965,4123],{"class":118},[68,134967,344],{"class":114},[68,134969,472],{"class":78},[68,134971,3898],{"class":526},[68,134973,472],{"class":78},[68,134975,115],{"class":114},[68,134977,4132],{"class":118},[68,134979,344],{"class":114},[68,134981,730],{"class":78},[68,134983,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,134985,2297],{"class":106},[68,134987,111],{"class":110},[68,134989,115],{"class":114},[68,134991,1448],{"class":118},[68,134993,344],{"class":114},[68,134995,236],{"class":78},[68,134997,133520],{"class":138},[68,134999,79],{"class":78},[68,135001,39894],{"class":128},[68,135003,79],{"class":78},[68,135005,200],{"class":74},[68,135007,472],{"class":78},[68,135009,3930],{"class":138},[68,135011,142],{"class":78},[68,135013,135014],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135015,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,135017,135018,135020,135022,135024],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135019,129],{"class":128},[68,135021,79],{"class":78},[68,135023,2331],{"class":138},[68,135025,85],{"class":78},[20,135027,180],{},[59,135029,135031],{"className":61,"code":135030,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135032,135033],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135036,4123],{"class":106},[68,135038,472],{"class":78},[68,135040,3898],{"class":526},[68,135042,472],{"class":78},[68,135044,135045],{"class":106}," banana\n",[20,135047,135048,135049,135051],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135050,3824],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1470,135053,135055,135057],{"id":135054},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135056,133443],{}," also works with tuples",[59,135059,135061],{"className":61,"code":135060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135062,135063,135095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135064,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135066,5040],{"class":106},[68,135068,111],{"class":110},[68,135070,9266],{"class":78},[68,135072,344],{"class":114},[68,135074,7714],{"class":118},[68,135076,344],{"class":114},[68,135078,472],{"class":78},[68,135080,115],{"class":114},[68,135082,131449],{"class":118},[68,135084,344],{"class":114},[68,135086,472],{"class":78},[68,135088,115],{"class":114},[68,135090,7959],{"class":118},[68,135092,344],{"class":114},[68,135094,85],{"class":78},[68,135096,135097,135099,135101,135103,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135098,129],{"class":128},[68,135100,79],{"class":78},[68,135102,344],{"class":114},[68,135104,135105],{"class":118}," \u002F ",[68,135107,344],{"class":114},[68,135109,236],{"class":78},[68,135111,133520],{"class":138},[68,135113,79],{"class":78},[68,135115,5083],{"class":138},[68,135117,142],{"class":78},[20,135119,180],{},[59,135121,135123],{"className":61,"code":135122,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135124,135125],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135126,135127,135130,135132,135135,135137],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135128,135129],{"class":106},"Sam ",[68,135131,127253],{"class":110},[68,135133,135134],{"class":106}," Lee ",[68,135136,127253],{"class":110},[68,135138,22369],{"class":106},[93,135140,135142,135143],{"id":135141},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135144,133443],{},[20,135146,135147],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1470,135149,135151,135152,135154],{"id":135150},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135153,3060],{}," because not all items are strings",[59,135156,135158],{"className":61,"code":135157,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135159,135160,135188],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135161,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135163,7817],{"class":106},[68,135165,111],{"class":110},[68,135167,725],{"class":78},[68,135169,344],{"class":114},[68,135171,49],{"class":118},[68,135173,344],{"class":114},[68,135175,472],{"class":78},[68,135177,475],{"class":160},[68,135179,472],{"class":78},[68,135181,115],{"class":114},[68,135183,9769],{"class":118},[68,135185,344],{"class":114},[68,135187,730],{"class":78},[68,135189,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135191,129],{"class":128},[68,135193,79],{"class":78},[68,135195,344],{"class":114},[68,135197,115],{"class":114},[68,135199,236],{"class":78},[68,135201,133520],{"class":138},[68,135203,79],{"class":78},[68,135205,7848],{"class":138},[68,135207,142],{"class":78},[20,135209,48530,135210,135212],{},[15,135211,2129],{}," is an integer.",[20,135214,39296],{},[59,135216,135218],{"className":61,"code":135217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135219,135220,135248],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135221,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135223,7817],{"class":106},[68,135225,111],{"class":110},[68,135227,725],{"class":78},[68,135229,344],{"class":114},[68,135231,49],{"class":118},[68,135233,344],{"class":114},[68,135235,472],{"class":78},[68,135237,475],{"class":160},[68,135239,472],{"class":78},[68,135241,115],{"class":114},[68,135243,9769],{"class":118},[68,135245,344],{"class":114},[68,135247,730],{"class":78},[68,135249,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135251,129],{"class":128},[68,135253,79],{"class":78},[68,135255,344],{"class":114},[68,135257,115],{"class":114},[68,135259,236],{"class":78},[68,135261,133520],{"class":138},[68,135263,79],{"class":78},[68,135265,39894],{"class":128},[68,135267,79],{"class":78},[68,135269,200],{"class":74},[68,135271,472],{"class":78},[68,135273,6006],{"class":138},[68,135275,2970],{"class":78},[20,135277,135278,135279,236],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[49,135280,25713,135282],{"href":135281},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135283,135284],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1470,135286,135288,135289,135291],{"id":135287},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135290,133443],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135293,4570],{},[59,135295,135297],{"className":61,"code":135296,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135298,135299,135331],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135300,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135302,4114],{"class":106},[68,135304,111],{"class":110},[68,135306,725],{"class":78},[68,135308,344],{"class":114},[68,135310,7334],{"class":118},[68,135312,344],{"class":114},[68,135314,472],{"class":78},[68,135316,115],{"class":114},[68,135318,12226],{"class":118},[68,135320,344],{"class":114},[68,135322,472],{"class":78},[68,135324,115],{"class":114},[68,135326,133501],{"class":118},[68,135328,344],{"class":114},[68,135330,730],{"class":78},[68,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135334,2297],{"class":106},[68,135336,111],{"class":110},[68,135338,6209],{"class":106},[68,135340,236],{"class":78},[68,135342,133520],{"class":138},[68,135344,79],{"class":78},[68,135346,344],{"class":114},[68,135348,115],{"class":114},[68,135350,85],{"class":78},[20,135352,135353,135355],{},[15,135354,133443],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135357,10837],{},[59,135359,135361],{"className":61,"code":135360,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135362,135363,135395,135415,135419],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135364,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135366,4114],{"class":106},[68,135368,111],{"class":110},[68,135370,725],{"class":78},[68,135372,344],{"class":114},[68,135374,7334],{"class":118},[68,135376,344],{"class":114},[68,135378,472],{"class":78},[68,135380,115],{"class":114},[68,135382,12226],{"class":118},[68,135384,344],{"class":114},[68,135386,472],{"class":78},[68,135388,115],{"class":114},[68,135390,133501],{"class":118},[68,135392,344],{"class":114},[68,135394,730],{"class":78},[68,135396,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135398,2297],{"class":106},[68,135400,111],{"class":110},[68,135402,115],{"class":114},[68,135404,115],{"class":114},[68,135406,236],{"class":78},[68,135408,133520],{"class":138},[68,135410,79],{"class":78},[68,135412,4158],{"class":138},[68,135414,85],{"class":78},[68,135416,135417],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135418,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,135420,135421,135423,135425,135427],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135422,129],{"class":128},[68,135424,79],{"class":78},[68,135426,2331],{"class":138},[68,135428,85],{"class":78},[1470,135430,135432],{"id":135431},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[59,135434,135436],{"className":61,"code":135435,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135437,135438,135470],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135439,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135441,4114],{"class":106},[68,135443,111],{"class":110},[68,135445,725],{"class":78},[68,135447,344],{"class":114},[68,135449,6624],{"class":118},[68,135451,344],{"class":114},[68,135453,472],{"class":78},[68,135455,115],{"class":114},[68,135457,79285],{"class":118},[68,135459,344],{"class":114},[68,135461,472],{"class":78},[68,135463,115],{"class":114},[68,135465,134247],{"class":118},[68,135467,344],{"class":114},[68,135469,730],{"class":78},[68,135471,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135473,129],{"class":128},[68,135475,79],{"class":78},[68,135477,6313],{"class":114},[68,135479,236],{"class":78},[68,135481,133520],{"class":138},[68,135483,79],{"class":78},[68,135485,4158],{"class":138},[68,135487,142],{"class":78},[20,135489,180],{},[59,135491,135493],{"className":61,"code":135492,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"onetwothree\n",[15,135494,135495],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135496,135497],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135498,135492],{"class":106},[20,135500,135501,135502,6670],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135503,133588],{},[1470,135505,135507,135508,131711],{"id":135506},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135509,133443],{},[59,135511,135513],{"className":61,"code":135512,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135514,135515,135547,135565,135569],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135516,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135518,4114],{"class":106},[68,135520,111],{"class":110},[68,135522,725],{"class":78},[68,135524,344],{"class":114},[68,135526,49],{"class":118},[68,135528,344],{"class":114},[68,135530,472],{"class":78},[68,135532,115],{"class":114},[68,135534,4806],{"class":118},[68,135536,344],{"class":114},[68,135538,472],{"class":78},[68,135540,115],{"class":114},[68,135542,9769],{"class":118},[68,135544,344],{"class":114},[68,135546,730],{"class":78},[68,135548,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135550,344],{"class":43357},[68,135552,2094],{"class":43361},[68,135554,344],{"class":43357},[68,135556,236],{"class":78},[68,135558,133520],{"class":138},[68,135560,79],{"class":78},[68,135562,4158],{"class":138},[68,135564,85],{"class":78},[68,135566,135567],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135568,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,135570,135571,135573,135575,135577],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135572,129],{"class":128},[68,135574,79],{"class":78},[68,135576,4158],{"class":138},[68,135578,85],{"class":78},[20,135580,180],{},[59,135582,135583],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,135584,135585],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135586,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135588,795],{"class":78},[68,135590,203],{"class":114},[68,135592,49],{"class":118},[68,135594,203],{"class":114},[68,135596,472],{"class":78},[68,135598,197],{"class":114},[68,135600,4806],{"class":118},[68,135602,203],{"class":114},[68,135604,472],{"class":78},[68,135606,197],{"class":114},[68,135608,9769],{"class":118},[68,135610,203],{"class":114},[68,135612,730],{"class":78},[20,135614,135615,135616,135618],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135617,133443],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[93,135620,135622,135624,135625],{"id":135621},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135623,133443],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135626,2132],{},[20,135628,10619,135629,232,135631,135633],{},[15,135630,133443],{},[15,135632,2132],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1470,135635,224,135637,135639],{"id":135636},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135638,2132],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[59,135641,135643],{"className":61,"code":135642,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135644,135645,135658,135671,135691,135695],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135646,135647,135650,135652,135654,135656],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135648,135649],{"class":106},"first ",[68,135651,111],{"class":110},[68,135653,115],{"class":114},[68,135655,34897],{"class":118},[68,135657,122],{"class":114},[68,135659,135660,135663,135665,135667,135669],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135661,135662],{"class":106},"second ",[68,135664,111],{"class":110},[68,135666,115],{"class":114},[68,135668,89753],{"class":118},[68,135670,122],{"class":114},[68,135672,135673,135675,135677,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135674,2297],{"class":106},[68,135676,111],{"class":110},[68,135678,135679],{"class":106}," first ",[68,135681,2132],{"class":110},[68,135683,115],{"class":114},[68,135685,115],{"class":114},[68,135687,2518],{"class":110},[68,135689,135690],{"class":106}," second\n",[68,135692,135693],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135694,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,135696,135697,135699,135701,135703],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,135698,129],{"class":128},[68,135700,79],{"class":78},[68,135702,2331],{"class":138},[68,135704,85],{"class":78},[20,135706,180],{},[59,135708,135710],{"className":61,"code":135709,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Hello World\n",[15,135711,135712],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135713,135714],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135715,135709],{"class":106},[1470,135717,224,135719,135721],{"id":135718},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135720,133443],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[59,135723,135725],{"className":61,"code":135724,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135726,135727,135769,135789,135793],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135728,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743,135745,135748,135750,135752,135754,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135730,4114],{"class":106},[68,135732,111],{"class":110},[68,135734,725],{"class":78},[68,135736,344],{"class":114},[68,135738,7334],{"class":118},[68,135740,344],{"class":114},[68,135742,472],{"class":78},[68,135744,115],{"class":114},[68,135746,135747],{"class":118},"makes",[68,135749,344],{"class":114},[68,135751,472],{"class":78},[68,135753,115],{"class":114},[68,135755,135756],{"class":118},"this",[68,135758,344],{"class":114},[68,135760,472],{"class":78},[68,135762,115],{"class":114},[68,135764,133942],{"class":118},[68,135766,344],{"class":114},[68,135768,730],{"class":78},[68,135770,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135772,2297],{"class":106},[68,135774,111],{"class":110},[68,135776,115],{"class":114},[68,135778,115],{"class":114},[68,135780,236],{"class":78},[68,135782,133520],{"class":138},[68,135784,79],{"class":78},[68,135786,4158],{"class":138},[68,135788,85],{"class":78},[68,135790,135791],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135792,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,135794,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135796,129],{"class":128},[68,135798,79],{"class":78},[68,135800,2331],{"class":138},[68,135802,85],{"class":78},[20,135804,180],{},[59,135806,135808],{"className":61,"code":135807,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135809,135810],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135811,135812],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135813,135807],{"class":106},[20,135815,135816,135818],{},[15,135817,133443],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,135820,135821,135824,135827],{},[36,135822,135823],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,135825,135826],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,135828,135829,135830,135832],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135831,2132],{}," operators",[20,135834,135835,135836,236],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[49,135837,135839],{"href":135838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[93,135841,135843],{"id":135842},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135845,8909,135846,135848],{},[15,135847,133443],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,135850,135851,135854,135859,135868,135874],{},[36,135852,135853],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,135855,135856,135857],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135858,3824],{},[36,135860,135861,135862,1776,135865],{},"You may have written ",[15,135863,135864],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135866,135867],{},"string.join(...)",[36,135869,135870,135871,135873],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135872,133443],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,135875,135876],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135878,94393],{},[59,135880,135882],{"className":61,"code":135881,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135883,135884,135898,135908,135932,135972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,135885,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,135887,129],{"class":128},[68,135889,79],{"class":78},[68,135891,75],{"class":74},[68,135893,79],{"class":78},[68,135895,7848],{"class":138},[68,135897,142],{"class":78},[68,135899,135900,135902,135904,135906],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,135901,129],{"class":128},[68,135903,79],{"class":78},[68,135905,7848],{"class":138},[68,135907,85],{"class":78},[68,135909,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,135911,129],{"class":128},[68,135913,466],{"class":78},[68,135915,75],{"class":74},[68,135917,79],{"class":78},[68,135919,23346],{"class":138},[68,135921,1701],{"class":78},[68,135923,3921],{"class":1098},[68,135925,6001],{"class":138},[68,135927,3927],{"class":1098},[68,135929,6006],{"class":138},[68,135931,3933],{"class":78},[68,135933,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,135935,129],{"class":128},[68,135937,79],{"class":78},[68,135939,203],{"class":114},[68,135941,197],{"class":114},[68,135943,236],{"class":78},[68,135945,133520],{"class":138},[68,135947,466],{"class":78},[68,135949,203],{"class":114},[68,135951,49],{"class":118},[68,135953,203],{"class":114},[68,135955,472],{"class":78},[68,135957,197],{"class":114},[68,135959,4806],{"class":118},[68,135961,203],{"class":114},[68,135963,472],{"class":78},[68,135965,197],{"class":114},[68,135967,9769],{"class":118},[68,135969,203],{"class":114},[68,135971,483],{"class":78},[68,135973,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982,135984,135986,135988,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998,136000,136002,136004,136006,136008,136010],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,135975,129],{"class":128},[68,135977,79],{"class":78},[68,135979,203],{"class":114},[68,135981,1448],{"class":118},[68,135983,203],{"class":114},[68,135985,236],{"class":78},[68,135987,133520],{"class":138},[68,135989,79],{"class":78},[68,135991,39894],{"class":128},[68,135993,79],{"class":78},[68,135995,200],{"class":74},[68,135997,472],{"class":78},[68,135999,725],{"class":78},[68,136001,469],{"class":160},[68,136003,472],{"class":78},[68,136005,475],{"class":160},[68,136007,472],{"class":78},[68,136009,480],{"class":160},[68,136011,37298],{"class":78},[20,136013,136014],{},"What these checks do:",[33,136016,136017,136025,136031,136037,136046],{},[36,136018,136019,136022,136023,8133],{},[15,136020,136021],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136024,7848],{},[36,136026,136027,136030],{},[15,136028,136029],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,136032,136033,136036],{},[15,136034,136035],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,136038,136039,136042,136043,136045],{},[15,136040,136041],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136044,133443],{}," behavior",[36,136047,136048,136051],{},[15,136049,136050],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[93,136053,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,136055,12736,136057,136059],{"id":136056},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136058,133443],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136061,136062,136063,136065,136066,236],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136064,133443],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136067,136068],{},"map(str, values)",[1470,136070,12736,136072,57180],{"id":136071},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136073,133443],{},[20,136075,136076],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1470,136078,28363,136080,62652],{"id":136079},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136081,133443],{},[20,136083,42182,136084,136086],{},[15,136085,133443],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1470,136088,1878,136090,39995],{"id":136089},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136091,136092],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136094,136095],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1470,136097,136099,136100,136102,136103,1906],{"id":136098},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136101,3060],{}," when using ",[15,136104,133443],{},[20,136106,136107],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[93,136109,1952],{"id":1951},[33,136111,136112,136117,136123,136129,136135],{},[36,136113,136114],{},[49,136115,136116],{"href":135838},"How to join strings in Python",[36,136118,136119],{},[49,136120,126361,136121,10770],{"href":129048},[15,136122,60548],{},[36,136124,136125],{},[49,136126,13,136127,1151],{"href":1444},[15,136128,1447],{},[36,136130,136131],{},[49,136132,30382,136133],{"href":135281},[15,136134,135284],{},[36,136136,136137],{},[49,136138,125116],{"href":50990},[20,136140,97363,136141,136143],{},[15,136142,133443],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1995,136145,136146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":136148},[136149,136150,136152,136155,136162,136172,136180,136190,136197,136198,136210],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":133560,"depth":125,"text":136151},"What join() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":136153},[136154],{"id":49026,"depth":145,"text":49027},{"id":398,"depth":125,"text":399,"children":136156},[136157,136158,136159,136160],{"id":133907,"depth":145,"text":133908},{"id":133999,"depth":145,"text":134000},{"id":134100,"depth":145,"text":134101},{"id":134209,"depth":145,"text":136161},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134312,"depth":125,"text":134313,"children":136163},[136164,136166,136168,136170],{"id":134319,"depth":145,"text":136165},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134386,"depth":145,"text":136167},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134475,"depth":145,"text":136169},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134561,"depth":145,"text":136171},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134636,"depth":125,"text":134637,"children":136173},[136174,136175,136176,136178],{"id":134645,"depth":145,"text":134646},{"id":134728,"depth":145,"text":134729},{"id":134882,"depth":145,"text":136177},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135054,"depth":145,"text":136179},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135141,"depth":125,"text":136181,"children":136182},"Common errors with join()",[136183,136185,136187,136188],{"id":135150,"depth":145,"text":136184},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135287,"depth":145,"text":136186},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135431,"depth":145,"text":135432},{"id":135506,"depth":145,"text":136189},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135621,"depth":125,"text":136191,"children":136192},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136193,136195],{"id":135636,"depth":145,"text":136194},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135718,"depth":145,"text":136196},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135842,"depth":125,"text":135843},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":136199},[136200,136202,136204,136206,136208],{"id":136056,"depth":145,"text":136201},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136071,"depth":145,"text":136203},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136079,"depth":145,"text":136205},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136089,"depth":145,"text":136207},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136098,"depth":145,"text":136209},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133435,"description":136211},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136218,"title":136219,"body":136220,"description":137788,"extension":2033,"meta":137789,"navigation":148,"path":137790,"seo":137791,"stem":137792,"__hash__":137793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136221,"toc":137755},[136222,136227,136232,136234,136248,136293,136300,136305,136310,136312,136328,136337,136339,136341,136356,136358,136368,136370,136432,136434,136437,136498,136500,136516,136518,136531,136534,136581,136583,136589,136592,136595,136655,136663,136749,136753,136758,136760,136774,136777,136862,136865,136923,136934,136989,136991,136998,137004,137010,137054,137057,137104,137106,137108,137115,137117,137148,137151,137153,137184,137188,137191,137193,137233,137235,137278,137284,137289,137291,137318,137323,137326,137375,137379,137382,137457,137468,137471,137528,137535,137541,137549,137554,137561,137568,137586,137588,137642,137650,137652,137657,137660,137666,137672,137677,137680,137686,137692,137699,137707,137709,137752],[10,136223,123362,136225,11352],{"id":136224},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136226,124092],{},[20,136228,123367,136229,136231],{},[15,136230,124092],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136233,24123],{},[33,136235,136236,136239,136242,136245],{},[36,136237,136238],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,136240,136241],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,136243,136244],{},"clean up user input",[36,136246,136247],{},"make simple text matching easier",[59,136249,136251],{"className":61,"code":136250,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136252,136253,136266,136280],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136254,136255,136257,136259,136261,136264],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136256,1345],{"class":106},[68,136258,111],{"class":110},[68,136260,115],{"class":114},[68,136262,136263],{"class":118},"Hello WORLD",[68,136265,122],{"class":114},[68,136267,136268,136270,136272,136274,136276,136278],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136269,2297],{"class":106},[68,136271,111],{"class":110},[68,136273,42870],{"class":106},[68,136275,236],{"class":78},[68,136277,8674],{"class":138},[68,136279,8677],{"class":78},[68,136281,136282,136284,136286,136288,136290],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136283,129],{"class":128},[68,136285,79],{"class":78},[68,136287,2331],{"class":138},[68,136289,1701],{"class":78},[68,136291,136292],{"class":3708},"  # hello world\n",[20,136294,136295,88976,136297,136299],{},[1301,136296,83834],{},[15,136298,124092],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[93,136301,3722,136303,3725],{"id":136302},"what-lower-does",[15,136304,124092],{},[20,136306,136307,136309],{},[15,136308,124092],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136311,13084],{},[33,136313,136314,136319,136322,136325],{},[36,136315,136316,136318],{},[15,136317,124092],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,136320,136321],{},"It works on string objects",[36,136323,136324],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,136326,136327],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136329,125113,136330,136334,136335,236],{},[49,136331,136333],{"href":136332},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[49,136336,50991],{"href":50990},[93,136338,303],{"id":302},[20,136340,2231],{},[59,136342,136344],{"className":61,"code":136343,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.lower()\n",[15,136345,136346],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136347,136348,136350,136352,136354],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136349,61191],{"class":106},[68,136351,236],{"class":78},[68,136353,8674],{"class":138},[68,136355,8677],{"class":78},[20,136357,43679],{},[33,136359,136360,136362,136365],{},[36,136361,97541],{},[36,136363,136364],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,136366,136367],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136369,326],{},[59,136371,136373],{"className":61,"code":136372,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136374,136375,136398,136402,136415],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136376,136377,136379,136381,136383,136386,136388,136390,136392,136395],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136378,129],{"class":128},[68,136380,79],{"class":78},[68,136382,344],{"class":114},[68,136384,136385],{"class":118},"HELLO",[68,136387,344],{"class":114},[68,136389,236],{"class":78},[68,136391,8674],{"class":138},[68,136393,136394],{"class":78},"())",[68,136396,136397],{"class":3708},"  # hello\n",[68,136399,136400],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136401,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136403,136404,136406,136408,136410,136413],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136405,107],{"class":106},[68,136407,111],{"class":110},[68,136409,115],{"class":114},[68,136411,136412],{"class":118},"PyThOn",[68,136414,122],{"class":114},[68,136416,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136418,129],{"class":128},[68,136420,79],{"class":78},[68,136422,139],{"class":138},[68,136424,236],{"class":78},[68,136426,8674],{"class":138},[68,136428,136394],{"class":78},[68,136430,136431],{"class":3708},"  # python\n",[93,136433,11506],{"id":11505},[20,136435,136436],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[59,136438,136440],{"className":61,"code":136439,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136441,136442,136454,136458,136473,136477,136488],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136443,136444,136446,136448,136450,136452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136445,1345],{"class":106},[68,136447,111],{"class":110},[68,136449,115],{"class":114},[68,136451,136263],{"class":118},[68,136453,122],{"class":114},[68,136455,136456],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136457,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136459,136460,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136461,136462],{"class":106},"lower_text ",[68,136464,111],{"class":110},[68,136466,42870],{"class":106},[68,136468,236],{"class":78},[68,136470,8674],{"class":138},[68,136472,8677],{"class":78},[68,136474,136475],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136476,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136478,136479,136481,136483,136486],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,136480,129],{"class":128},[68,136482,79],{"class":78},[68,136484,136485],{"class":138},"lower_text",[68,136487,85],{"class":78},[68,136489,136490,136492,136494,136496],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,136491,129],{"class":128},[68,136493,79],{"class":78},[68,136495,1367],{"class":138},[68,136497,85],{"class":78},[20,136499,180],{},[59,136501,136503],{"className":61,"code":136502,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136504,136505,136509],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136506,136507],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136508,134377],{"class":106},[68,136510,136511,136513],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136512,131777],{"class":106},[68,136514,136515],{"class":34486},"WORLD\n",[20,136517,24643],{},[33,136519,136520,136525],{},[36,136521,136522,136524],{},[15,136523,124092],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,136526,136527,136528,136530],{},"the original ",[15,136529,1367],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136532,136533],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[59,136535,136537],{"className":61,"code":136536,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136538,136539,136551,136565,136569],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136542,1345],{"class":106},[68,136544,111],{"class":110},[68,136546,115],{"class":114},[68,136548,136263],{"class":118},[68,136550,122],{"class":114},[68,136552,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136554,1345],{"class":106},[68,136556,111],{"class":110},[68,136558,42870],{"class":106},[68,136560,236],{"class":78},[68,136562,8674],{"class":138},[68,136564,8677],{"class":78},[68,136566,136567],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136568,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136570,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136572,129],{"class":128},[68,136574,79],{"class":78},[68,136576,1367],{"class":138},[68,136578,1701],{"class":78},[68,136580,136292],{"class":3708},[93,136582,17451],{"id":17450},[20,136584,136585,22010,136587,236],{},[15,136586,124092],{},[1301,136588,61191],{},[20,136590,136591],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136593,136594],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[59,136596,136598],{"className":61,"code":136597,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136599,136600,136614,136618,136641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136601,136602,136605,136607,136609,136612],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136603,136604],{"class":106},"answer ",[68,136606,111],{"class":110},[68,136608,115],{"class":114},[68,136610,136611],{"class":118},"YES",[68,136613,122],{"class":114},[68,136615,136616],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136617,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136619,136620,136622,136625,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136621,1099],{"class":1098},[68,136623,136624],{"class":106}," answer",[68,136626,236],{"class":78},[68,136628,8674],{"class":138},[68,136630,7403],{"class":78},[68,136632,1639],{"class":110},[68,136634,115],{"class":114},[68,136636,8692],{"class":118},[68,136638,344],{"class":114},[68,136640,1648],{"class":78},[68,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136644,1118],{"class":128},[68,136646,79],{"class":78},[68,136648,344],{"class":114},[68,136650,96850],{"class":118},[68,136652,344],{"class":114},[68,136654,85],{"class":78},[20,136656,136657,136658,503],{},"This is especially useful with ",[49,136659,136660,136661,2369],{"href":51},"the ",[15,136662,54],{},[59,136664,136666],{"className":61,"code":136665,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136667,136668,136687,136691,136713,136728,136734],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136669,136670,136672,136674,136676,136678,136680,136683,136685],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136671,136604],{"class":106},[68,136673,111],{"class":110},[68,136675,835],{"class":128},[68,136677,79],{"class":78},[68,136679,344],{"class":114},[68,136681,136682],{"class":118},"Type yes or no: ",[68,136684,344],{"class":114},[68,136686,85],{"class":78},[68,136688,136689],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136690,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136692,136693,136695,136697,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707,136709,136711],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136694,1099],{"class":1098},[68,136696,136624],{"class":106},[68,136698,236],{"class":78},[68,136700,8674],{"class":138},[68,136702,7403],{"class":78},[68,136704,1639],{"class":110},[68,136706,115],{"class":114},[68,136708,8692],{"class":118},[68,136710,344],{"class":114},[68,136712,1648],{"class":78},[68,136714,136715,136717,136719,136721,136724,136726],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136716,1118],{"class":128},[68,136718,79],{"class":78},[68,136720,344],{"class":114},[68,136722,136723],{"class":118},"You typed yes",[68,136725,344],{"class":114},[68,136727,85],{"class":78},[68,136729,136730,136732],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,136731,27468],{"class":1098},[68,136733,1648],{"class":78},[68,136735,136736,136738,136740,136742,136745,136747],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,136737,1118],{"class":128},[68,136739,79],{"class":78},[68,136741,344],{"class":114},[68,136743,136744],{"class":118},"You typed something else",[68,136746,344],{"class":114},[68,136748,85],{"class":78},[93,136750,136752],{"id":136751},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136754,136755,136757],{},[15,136756,124092],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136759,7380],{},[33,136761,136762,136765,136768,136771],{},[36,136763,136764],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,136766,136767],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,136769,136770],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,136772,136773],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136775,136776],{},"Example: checking user input",[59,136778,136780],{"className":61,"code":136779,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136781,136782,136800,136804,136826,136841,136847],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136783,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136785,44985],{"class":106},[68,136787,111],{"class":110},[68,136789,835],{"class":128},[68,136791,79],{"class":78},[68,136793,344],{"class":114},[68,136795,44996],{"class":118},[68,136797,344],{"class":114},[68,136799,85],{"class":78},[68,136801,136802],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136803,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136805,136806,136808,136810,136812,136814,136816,136818,136820,136822,136824],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136807,1099],{"class":1098},[68,136809,35882],{"class":106},[68,136811,236],{"class":78},[68,136813,8674],{"class":138},[68,136815,7403],{"class":78},[68,136817,1639],{"class":110},[68,136819,115],{"class":114},[68,136821,13142],{"class":118},[68,136823,344],{"class":114},[68,136825,1648],{"class":78},[68,136827,136828,136830,136832,136834,136837,136839],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136829,1118],{"class":128},[68,136831,79],{"class":78},[68,136833,344],{"class":114},[68,136835,136836],{"class":118},"Nice choice!",[68,136838,344],{"class":114},[68,136840,85],{"class":78},[68,136842,136843,136845],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,136844,27468],{"class":1098},[68,136846,1648],{"class":78},[68,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136858,136860],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,136850,1118],{"class":128},[68,136852,79],{"class":78},[68,136854,344],{"class":114},[68,136856,136857],{"class":118},"Got it.",[68,136859,344],{"class":114},[68,136861,85],{"class":78},[20,136863,136864],{},"Example: simple search",[59,136866,136868],{"className":61,"code":136867,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136869,136870,136883,136887,136908],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136871,136872,136874,136876,136878,136881],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136873,90020],{"class":106},[68,136875,111],{"class":110},[68,136877,115],{"class":114},[68,136879,136880],{"class":118},"Python Is Fun",[68,136882,122],{"class":114},[68,136884,136885],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136886,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136902,136904,136906],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136890,1099],{"class":1098},[68,136892,115],{"class":114},[68,136894,63],{"class":118},[68,136896,344],{"class":114},[68,136898,21208],{"class":110},[68,136900,136901],{"class":106}," message",[68,136903,236],{"class":78},[68,136905,8674],{"class":138},[68,136907,21630],{"class":78},[68,136909,136910,136912,136914,136916,136919,136921],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136911,1118],{"class":128},[68,136913,79],{"class":78},[68,136915,344],{"class":114},[68,136917,136918],{"class":118},"Found it",[68,136920,344],{"class":114},[68,136922,85],{"class":78},[20,136924,136925,136926,136928,136929,503],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136927,124092],{}," is often used with ",[49,136930,136932],{"href":136931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136933,41685],{},[59,136935,136937],{"className":61,"code":136936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136938,136939,136952,136971,136975],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,136940,136941,136943,136945,136947,136950],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,136942,107],{"class":106},[68,136944,111],{"class":110},[68,136946,115],{"class":114},[68,136948,136949],{"class":118},"  ALICE  ",[68,136951,122],{"class":114},[68,136953,136954,136957,136959,136961,136963,136965,136967,136969],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,136955,136956],{"class":106},"clean_name ",[68,136958,111],{"class":110},[68,136960,36023],{"class":106},[68,136962,236],{"class":78},[68,136964,8668],{"class":138},[68,136966,8671],{"class":78},[68,136968,8674],{"class":138},[68,136970,8677],{"class":78},[68,136972,136973],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,136974,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,136976,136977,136979,136981,136984,136986],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,136978,129],{"class":128},[68,136980,79],{"class":78},[68,136982,136983],{"class":138},"clean_name",[68,136985,1701],{"class":78},[68,136987,136988],{"class":3708},"  # alice\n",[93,136990,15628],{"id":15627},[20,136992,136993,136994,136997],{},"Strings are ",[1301,136995,136996],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136999,137000,137001,137003],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137002,124092],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137005,137006,137007,137009],{},"So this does ",[1301,137008,1303],{}," update the original variable:",[59,137011,137013],{"className":61,"code":137012,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137014,137015,137027,137037,137041],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137016,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137018,1345],{"class":106},[68,137020,111],{"class":110},[68,137022,115],{"class":114},[68,137024,136385],{"class":118},[68,137026,122],{"class":114},[68,137028,137029,137031,137033,137035],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137030,1367],{"class":106},[68,137032,236],{"class":78},[68,137034,8674],{"class":138},[68,137036,8677],{"class":78},[68,137038,137039],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137040,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137042,137043,137045,137047,137049,137051],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137044,129],{"class":128},[68,137046,79],{"class":78},[68,137048,1367],{"class":138},[68,137050,1701],{"class":78},[68,137052,137053],{"class":3708},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137055,137056],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[59,137058,137060],{"className":61,"code":137059,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137061,137062,137074,137088,137092],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137065,1345],{"class":106},[68,137067,111],{"class":110},[68,137069,115],{"class":114},[68,137071,136385],{"class":118},[68,137073,122],{"class":114},[68,137075,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084,137086],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137077,1345],{"class":106},[68,137079,111],{"class":110},[68,137081,42870],{"class":106},[68,137083,236],{"class":78},[68,137085,8674],{"class":138},[68,137087,8677],{"class":78},[68,137089,137090],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137091,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137095,129],{"class":128},[68,137097,79],{"class":78},[68,137099,1367],{"class":138},[68,137101,1701],{"class":78},[68,137103,136397],{"class":3708},[93,137105,1750],{"id":1749},[1470,137107,25721],{"id":25720},[20,137109,137110,137111,1776,137113,236],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137112,8674],{},[15,137114,124092],{},[20,137116,16676],{},[59,137118,137120],{"className":61,"code":137119,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137121,137122,137134],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137123,137124,137126,137128,137130,137132],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137125,1345],{"class":106},[68,137127,111],{"class":110},[68,137129,115],{"class":114},[68,137131,136385],{"class":118},[68,137133,122],{"class":114},[68,137135,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137137,129],{"class":128},[68,137139,79],{"class":78},[68,137141,1367],{"class":138},[68,137143,236],{"class":78},[68,137145,8674],{"class":1267},[68,137147,85],{"class":78},[20,137149,137150],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137152,16688],{},[59,137154,137156],{"className":61,"code":137155,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137157,137158,137170],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137159,137160,137162,137164,137166,137168],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137161,1345],{"class":106},[68,137163,111],{"class":110},[68,137165,115],{"class":114},[68,137167,136385],{"class":118},[68,137169,122],{"class":114},[68,137171,137172,137174,137176,137178,137180,137182],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137173,129],{"class":128},[68,137175,79],{"class":78},[68,137177,1367],{"class":138},[68,137179,236],{"class":78},[68,137181,8674],{"class":138},[68,137183,7231],{"class":78},[1470,137185,137187],{"id":137186},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137189,137190],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137192,16676],{},[59,137194,137196],{"className":61,"code":137195,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137197,137198,137210,137220],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137199,137200,137202,137204,137206,137208],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137201,1345],{"class":106},[68,137203,111],{"class":110},[68,137205,115],{"class":114},[68,137207,136385],{"class":118},[68,137209,122],{"class":114},[68,137211,137212,137214,137216,137218],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137213,1367],{"class":106},[68,137215,236],{"class":78},[68,137217,8674],{"class":138},[68,137219,8677],{"class":78},[68,137221,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137223,129],{"class":128},[68,137225,79],{"class":78},[68,137227,1367],{"class":138},[68,137229,1701],{"class":78},[68,137231,137232],{"class":3708},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137234,16688],{},[59,137236,137238],{"className":61,"code":137237,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137239,137240,137252,137266],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137241,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137243,1345],{"class":106},[68,137245,111],{"class":110},[68,137247,115],{"class":114},[68,137249,136385],{"class":118},[68,137251,122],{"class":114},[68,137253,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137255,1345],{"class":106},[68,137257,111],{"class":110},[68,137259,42870],{"class":106},[68,137261,236],{"class":78},[68,137263,8674],{"class":138},[68,137265,8677],{"class":78},[68,137267,137268,137270,137272,137274,137276],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137269,129],{"class":128},[68,137271,79],{"class":78},[68,137273,1367],{"class":138},[68,137275,1701],{"class":78},[68,137277,136397],{"class":3708},[1470,137279,633,137281,137283],{"id":137280},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137282,124092],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137285,137286,137288],{},[15,137287,124092],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137290,16676],{},[59,137292,137294],{"className":61,"code":137293,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137295,137296,137304],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137297,137298,137300,137302],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137299,155],{"class":106},[68,137301,111],{"class":110},[68,137303,125044],{"class":160},[68,137305,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314,137316],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137307,129],{"class":128},[68,137309,79],{"class":78},[68,137311,175],{"class":138},[68,137313,236],{"class":78},[68,137315,8674],{"class":138},[68,137317,7231],{"class":78},[20,137319,137320,137321,33634],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137322,124092],{},[20,137324,137325],{},"You can check the type first:",[59,137327,137329],{"className":61,"code":137328,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137330,137331,137343,137347,137361],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137332,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137334,1345],{"class":106},[68,137336,111],{"class":110},[68,137338,115],{"class":114},[68,137340,136385],{"class":118},[68,137342,122],{"class":114},[68,137344,137345],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137346,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137348,137349,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137350,129],{"class":128},[68,137352,79],{"class":78},[68,137354,75],{"class":74},[68,137356,79],{"class":78},[68,137358,1367],{"class":138},[68,137360,142],{"class":78},[68,137362,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371,137373],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137364,129],{"class":128},[68,137366,79],{"class":78},[68,137368,1367],{"class":138},[68,137370,236],{"class":78},[68,137372,8674],{"class":138},[68,137374,7231],{"class":78},[1470,137376,137378],{"id":137377},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137380,137381],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[59,137383,137385],{"className":61,"code":137384,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137386,137387,137400,137404,137421,137436,137442],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137388,137389,137391,137393,137395,137398],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137390,136604],{"class":106},[68,137392,111],{"class":110},[68,137394,115],{"class":114},[68,137396,137397],{"class":118},"Yes",[68,137399,122],{"class":114},[68,137401,137402],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137403,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137405,137406,137408,137411,137413,137415,137417,137419],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137407,1099],{"class":1098},[68,137409,137410],{"class":106}," answer ",[68,137412,4733],{"class":110},[68,137414,115],{"class":114},[68,137416,8692],{"class":118},[68,137418,344],{"class":114},[68,137420,1648],{"class":78},[68,137422,137423,137425,137427,137429,137432,137434],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137424,1118],{"class":128},[68,137426,79],{"class":78},[68,137428,344],{"class":114},[68,137430,137431],{"class":118},"Match",[68,137433,344],{"class":114},[68,137435,85],{"class":78},[68,137437,137438,137440],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,137439,27468],{"class":1098},[68,137441,1648],{"class":78},[68,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137453,137455],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,137445,1118],{"class":128},[68,137447,79],{"class":78},[68,137449,344],{"class":114},[68,137451,137452],{"class":118},"No match",[68,137454,344],{"class":114},[68,137456,85],{"class":78},[20,137458,1928,137459,232,137462,137465,137466,236],{},[15,137460,137461],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137463,137464],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137467,137452],{},[20,137469,137470],{},"Better:",[59,137472,137474],{"className":61,"code":137473,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137475,137476,137488,137492,137514],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137479,136604],{"class":106},[68,137481,111],{"class":110},[68,137483,115],{"class":114},[68,137485,137397],{"class":118},[68,137487,122],{"class":114},[68,137489,137490],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137491,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137493,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137495,1099],{"class":1098},[68,137497,136624],{"class":106},[68,137499,236],{"class":78},[68,137501,8674],{"class":138},[68,137503,7403],{"class":78},[68,137505,1639],{"class":110},[68,137507,115],{"class":114},[68,137509,8692],{"class":118},[68,137511,344],{"class":114},[68,137513,1648],{"class":78},[68,137515,137516,137518,137520,137522,137524,137526],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137517,1118],{"class":128},[68,137519,79],{"class":78},[68,137521,344],{"class":114},[68,137523,137431],{"class":118},[68,137525,344],{"class":114},[68,137527,85],{"class":78},[1470,137529,44242,137531,137534],{"id":137530},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137532,137533],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137536,137537,137538,137540],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137539,124092],{}," is enough.",[20,137542,137543,137544,137546,137547,236],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137545,137533],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137548,124092],{},[20,137550,137551,137552,122607],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137553,124092],{},[93,137555,137557,969,137559],{"id":137556},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137558,124092],{},[15,137560,128239],{},[20,137562,137563,232,137565,137567],{},[15,137564,124092],{},[15,137566,128239],{}," are very similar.",[33,137569,137570,137575,137580,137583],{},[36,137571,137572,137574],{},[15,137573,124092],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,137576,137577,137579],{},[15,137578,128239],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,137581,137582],{},"Both return new strings",[36,137584,137585],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137587,326],{},[59,137589,137591],{"className":61,"code":137590,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137592,137593,137605,137609,137625],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137594,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137596,1345],{"class":106},[68,137598,111],{"class":110},[68,137600,115],{"class":114},[68,137602,129080],{"class":118},[68,137604,122],{"class":114},[68,137606,137607],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137608,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,137610,137611,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621,137623],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137612,129],{"class":128},[68,137614,79],{"class":78},[68,137616,1367],{"class":138},[68,137618,236],{"class":78},[68,137620,8674],{"class":138},[68,137622,136394],{"class":78},[68,137624,136292],{"class":3708},[68,137626,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,137628,129],{"class":128},[68,137630,79],{"class":78},[68,137632,1367],{"class":138},[68,137634,236],{"class":78},[68,137636,34511],{"class":138},[68,137638,136394],{"class":78},[68,137640,137641],{"class":3708},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137643,137644,137645,236],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[49,137646,126361,137648,10770],{"href":137647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137649,128239],{},[93,137651,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,137653,12736,137655,124689],{"id":137654},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137656,124092],{},[20,137658,137659],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1470,137661,12736,137663,137665],{"id":137662},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137664,124092],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137667,137668,137669,236],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137670,137671],{},"string.lower()",[1470,137673,1878,137675,12748],{"id":137674},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137676,124092],{},[20,137678,137679],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1470,137681,28363,137683,137685],{"id":137682},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137684,124092],{}," on user input?",[20,137687,137688,137689,137691],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137690,54],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1470,137693,5221,137695,232,137697,1906],{"id":137694},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137696,124092],{},[15,137698,137533],{},[20,137700,137701,137703,137704,137706],{},[15,137702,124092],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137705,137533],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[93,137708,1952],{"id":1951},[33,137710,137711,137715,137721,137727,137733,137737,137741,137747],{},[36,137712,137713],{},[49,137714,50991],{"href":50990},[36,137716,137717],{},[49,137718,126361,137719,10770],{"href":137647},[15,137720,128239],{},[36,137722,137723],{},[49,137724,126361,137725,10770],{"href":136931},[15,137726,41685],{},[36,137728,137729],{},[49,137730,126361,137731,10770],{"href":129942},[15,137732,124533],{},[36,137734,137735],{},[49,137736,124761],{"href":123617},[36,137738,137739],{},[49,137740,90696],{"href":89705},[36,137742,137743],{},[49,137744,13,137745,1151],{"href":51},[15,137746,54],{},[36,137748,137749],{},[49,137750,137751],{"href":136332},"What is a string in Python?",[1995,137753,137754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":137756},[137757,137759,137760,137761,137762,137763,137764,137773,137775,137787],{"id":136302,"depth":125,"text":137758},"What lower() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":136751,"depth":125,"text":136752},{"id":15627,"depth":125,"text":15628},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":137765},[137766,137767,137768,137770,137771],{"id":25720,"depth":145,"text":25721},{"id":137186,"depth":145,"text":137187},{"id":137280,"depth":145,"text":137769},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137377,"depth":145,"text":137378},{"id":137530,"depth":145,"text":137772},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137556,"depth":125,"text":137774},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":137776},[137777,137779,137781,137783,137785],{"id":137654,"depth":145,"text":137778},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137662,"depth":145,"text":137780},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137674,"depth":145,"text":137782},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137682,"depth":145,"text":137784},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137694,"depth":145,"text":137786},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136219,"description":137788},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137795,"title":137796,"body":137797,"description":139347,"extension":2033,"meta":139348,"navigation":148,"path":139349,"seo":139350,"stem":139351,"__hash__":139352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137798,"toc":139308},[137799,137804,137809,137815,137830,137832,137892,137894,137903,137909,137914,137919,137921,137935,137939,137941,137988,137990,138008,138010,138013,138084,138086,138100,138103,138115,138124,138128,138133,138138,138142,138208,138210,138219,138223,138288,138290,138299,138302,138307,138311,138316,138320,138381,138383,138392,138396,138399,138455,138457,138466,138469,138482,138484,138488,138495,138557,138559,138572,138578,138581,138588,138593,138598,138601,138609,138611,138672,138674,138683,138686,138733,138736,138783,138785,138790,138807,138814,138819,138872,138874,138882,138884,138941,138943,138951,138955,139002,139004,139012,139020,139024,139072,139074,139083,139088,139139,139141,139150,139157,139160,139181,139183,139188,139191,139195,139198,139202,139205,139232,139238,139241,139268,139273,139275,139277,139305],[10,137800,123362,137802,11352],{"id":137801},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137803,124533],{},[20,137805,123367,137806,137808],{},[15,137807,124533],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137810,137811,137812,137814],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137813,124533],{},". You will learn:",[33,137816,137817,137821,137824,137827],{},[36,137818,26053,137819,3725],{},[15,137820,124533],{},[36,137822,137823],{},"how its syntax works",[36,137825,137826],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,137828,137829],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[93,137831,2075],{"id":2074},[59,137833,137835],{"className":61,"code":137834,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137836,137837,137850,137882],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137838,137839,137841,137843,137845,137848],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137840,1345],{"class":106},[68,137842,111],{"class":110},[68,137844,115],{"class":114},[68,137846,137847],{"class":118},"I like cats",[68,137849,122],{"class":114},[68,137851,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862,137864,137866,137869,137871,137873,137875,137878,137880],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137853,130200],{"class":106},[68,137855,111],{"class":110},[68,137857,42870],{"class":106},[68,137859,236],{"class":78},[68,137861,35029],{"class":138},[68,137863,79],{"class":78},[68,137865,344],{"class":114},[68,137867,137868],{"class":118},"cats",[68,137870,344],{"class":114},[68,137872,472],{"class":78},[68,137874,115],{"class":114},[68,137876,137877],{"class":118},"dogs",[68,137879,344],{"class":114},[68,137881,85],{"class":78},[68,137883,137884,137886,137888,137890],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,137885,129],{"class":128},[68,137887,79],{"class":78},[68,137889,130231],{"class":138},[68,137891,85],{"class":78},[20,137893,180],{},[59,137895,137897],{"className":61,"code":137896,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"I like dogs\n",[15,137898,137899],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137900,137901],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137902,137896],{"class":106},[20,137904,224,137905,137908],{},[15,137906,137907],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[93,137910,3722,137912,3725],{"id":137911},"what-replace-does",[15,137913,124533],{},[20,137915,137916,137918],{},[15,137917,124533],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137920,13084],{},[33,137922,137923,137925,137927,137930],{},[36,137924,133609],{},[36,137926,136327],{},[36,137928,137929],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,137931,137932,137933],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137934,41291],{},[20,137936,125113,137937,236],{},[49,137938,125116],{"href":50990},[93,137940,5473],{"id":5472},[59,137942,137944],{"className":61,"code":137943,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137945,137946,137966],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,137947,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137959,137961,137964],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,137949,61191],{"class":106},[68,137951,236],{"class":78},[68,137953,35029],{"class":138},[68,137955,79],{"class":78},[68,137957,137958],{"class":138},"old",[68,137960,472],{"class":78},[68,137962,137963],{"class":138}," new",[68,137965,85],{"class":78},[68,137967,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,137969,61191],{"class":106},[68,137971,236],{"class":78},[68,137973,35029],{"class":138},[68,137975,79],{"class":78},[68,137977,137958],{"class":138},[68,137979,472],{"class":78},[68,137981,137963],{"class":138},[68,137983,472],{"class":78},[68,137985,49618],{"class":138},[68,137987,85],{"class":78},[1470,137989,17427],{"id":17426},[33,137991,137992,137997,138003],{},[36,137993,137994,137996],{},[15,137995,137958],{}," = the text to find",[36,137998,137999,138002],{},[15,138000,138001],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,138004,138005,138007],{},[15,138006,41291],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[93,138009,5827],{"id":5826},[20,138011,138012],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[59,138014,138016],{"className":61,"code":138015,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138017,138018,138030,138060,138064,138074],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138019,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138021,1345],{"class":106},[68,138023,111],{"class":110},[68,138025,115],{"class":114},[68,138027,137847],{"class":118},[68,138029,122],{"class":114},[68,138031,138032,138034,138036,138038,138040,138042,138044,138046,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138033,130200],{"class":106},[68,138035,111],{"class":110},[68,138037,42870],{"class":106},[68,138039,236],{"class":78},[68,138041,35029],{"class":138},[68,138043,79],{"class":78},[68,138045,344],{"class":114},[68,138047,137868],{"class":118},[68,138049,344],{"class":114},[68,138051,472],{"class":78},[68,138053,115],{"class":114},[68,138055,137877],{"class":118},[68,138057,344],{"class":114},[68,138059,85],{"class":78},[68,138061,138062],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138063,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138065,138066,138068,138070,138072],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138067,129],{"class":128},[68,138069,79],{"class":78},[68,138071,1367],{"class":138},[68,138073,85],{"class":78},[68,138075,138076,138078,138080,138082],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,138077,129],{"class":128},[68,138079,79],{"class":78},[68,138081,130231],{"class":138},[68,138083,85],{"class":78},[20,138085,180],{},[59,138087,138089],{"className":61,"code":138088,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138090,138091,138096],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138092,138093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138094,138095],{"class":106},"I like cats\n",[68,138097,138098],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138099,137896],{"class":106},[20,138101,138102],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,138104,138105,138110],{},[36,138106,138107,138109],{},[15,138108,1367],{}," did not change",[36,138111,138112,138114],{},[15,138113,130231],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138116,138117,138118,138120,138121,138123],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1301,138119,136996],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138122,124533],{}," return a new string instead.",[93,138125,138127],{"id":138126},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138129,89714,138130,138132],{},[15,138131,124533],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138134,138135,138136,36654],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138137,41291],{},[1470,138139,138141],{"id":138140},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[59,138143,138145],{"className":61,"code":138144,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138146,138147,138160,138194,138198],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138148,138149,138151,138153,138155,138158],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138150,1345],{"class":106},[68,138152,111],{"class":110},[68,138154,115],{"class":114},[68,138156,138157],{"class":118},"cat cat cat",[68,138159,122],{"class":114},[68,138161,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138163,2297],{"class":106},[68,138165,111],{"class":110},[68,138167,42870],{"class":106},[68,138169,236],{"class":78},[68,138171,35029],{"class":138},[68,138173,79],{"class":78},[68,138175,344],{"class":114},[68,138177,37080],{"class":118},[68,138179,344],{"class":114},[68,138181,472],{"class":78},[68,138183,115],{"class":114},[68,138185,58143],{"class":118},[68,138187,344],{"class":114},[68,138189,472],{"class":78},[68,138191,5539],{"class":160},[68,138193,85],{"class":78},[68,138195,138196],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138197,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138199,138200,138202,138204,138206],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138201,129],{"class":128},[68,138203,79],{"class":78},[68,138205,2331],{"class":138},[68,138207,85],{"class":78},[20,138209,180],{},[59,138211,138213],{"className":61,"code":138212,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138214,138215],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138216,138217],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138218,138212],{"class":106},[1470,138220,138222],{"id":138221},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[59,138224,138226],{"className":61,"code":138225,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138227,138228,138240,138274,138278],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138229,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138231,1345],{"class":106},[68,138233,111],{"class":110},[68,138235,115],{"class":114},[68,138237,138157],{"class":118},[68,138239,122],{"class":114},[68,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138243,2297],{"class":106},[68,138245,111],{"class":110},[68,138247,42870],{"class":106},[68,138249,236],{"class":78},[68,138251,35029],{"class":138},[68,138253,79],{"class":78},[68,138255,344],{"class":114},[68,138257,37080],{"class":118},[68,138259,344],{"class":114},[68,138261,472],{"class":78},[68,138263,115],{"class":114},[68,138265,58143],{"class":118},[68,138267,344],{"class":114},[68,138269,472],{"class":78},[68,138271,475],{"class":160},[68,138273,85],{"class":78},[68,138275,138276],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138277,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138279,138280,138282,138284,138286],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138281,129],{"class":128},[68,138283,79],{"class":78},[68,138285,2331],{"class":138},[68,138287,85],{"class":78},[20,138289,180],{},[59,138291,138293],{"className":61,"code":138292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138294,138295],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138296,138297],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138298,138292],{"class":106},[20,138300,138301],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138303,138304,138305,236],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[49,138306,128085],{"href":124530},[93,138308,138310],{"id":138309},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138312,138313,138315],{},[15,138314,124533],{}," can also change single characters.",[1470,138317,138319],{"id":138318},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[59,138321,138323],{"className":61,"code":138322,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138324,138325,138337,138367,138371],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138326,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138328,1345],{"class":106},[68,138330,111],{"class":110},[68,138332,115],{"class":114},[68,138334,4132],{"class":118},[68,138336,122],{"class":114},[68,138338,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138340,2297],{"class":106},[68,138342,111],{"class":110},[68,138344,42870],{"class":106},[68,138346,236],{"class":78},[68,138348,35029],{"class":138},[68,138350,79],{"class":78},[68,138352,344],{"class":114},[68,138354,49],{"class":118},[68,138356,344],{"class":114},[68,138358,472],{"class":78},[68,138360,115],{"class":114},[68,138362,60490],{"class":118},[68,138364,344],{"class":114},[68,138366,85],{"class":78},[68,138368,138369],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138370,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138372,138373,138375,138377,138379],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138374,129],{"class":128},[68,138376,79],{"class":78},[68,138378,2331],{"class":138},[68,138380,85],{"class":78},[20,138382,180],{},[59,138384,138386],{"className":61,"code":138385,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"bonono\n",[15,138387,138388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138389,138390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138391,138385],{"class":106},[1470,138393,138395],{"id":138394},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138397,138398],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[59,138400,138402],{"className":61,"code":138401,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138403,138404,138417,138441,138445],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138405,138406,138408,138410,138412,138415],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138407,1345],{"class":106},[68,138409,111],{"class":110},[68,138411,115],{"class":114},[68,138413,138414],{"class":118},"a b c",[68,138416,122],{"class":114},[68,138418,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138420,2297],{"class":106},[68,138422,111],{"class":110},[68,138424,42870],{"class":106},[68,138426,236],{"class":78},[68,138428,35029],{"class":138},[68,138430,79],{"class":78},[68,138432,344],{"class":114},[68,138434,115],{"class":114},[68,138436,472],{"class":78},[68,138438,6167],{"class":114},[68,138440,85],{"class":78},[68,138442,138443],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138444,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138446,138447,138449,138451,138453],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138448,129],{"class":128},[68,138450,79],{"class":78},[68,138452,2331],{"class":138},[68,138454,85],{"class":78},[20,138456,180],{},[59,138458,138460],{"className":61,"code":138459,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"abc\n",[15,138461,138462],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138463,138464],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138465,138459],{"class":106},[20,138467,138468],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138470,138471,138472,138476,138477,138481],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[49,138473,126361,138474,10770],{"href":129048},[15,138475,60548],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[49,138478,126361,138479,10770],{"href":136931},[15,138480,41685],{}," is often a better choice.",[93,138483,124009],{"id":124008},[20,138485,138486,123820],{},[15,138487,124533],{},[20,138489,127406,138490,232,138492,127413],{},[15,138491,113051],{},[15,138493,138494],{},"\"Cat\"",[59,138496,138498],{"className":61,"code":138497,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138499,138500,138513,138543,138547],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138501,138502,138504,138506,138508,138511],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138503,1345],{"class":106},[68,138505,111],{"class":110},[68,138507,115],{"class":114},[68,138509,138510],{"class":118},"Cat cat CAT",[68,138512,122],{"class":114},[68,138514,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138516,2297],{"class":106},[68,138518,111],{"class":110},[68,138520,42870],{"class":106},[68,138522,236],{"class":78},[68,138524,35029],{"class":138},[68,138526,79],{"class":78},[68,138528,344],{"class":114},[68,138530,37080],{"class":118},[68,138532,344],{"class":114},[68,138534,472],{"class":78},[68,138536,115],{"class":114},[68,138538,58143],{"class":118},[68,138540,344],{"class":114},[68,138542,85],{"class":78},[68,138544,138545],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138546,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138548,138549,138551,138553,138555],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138550,129],{"class":128},[68,138552,79],{"class":78},[68,138554,2331],{"class":138},[68,138556,85],{"class":78},[20,138558,180],{},[59,138560,138562],{"className":61,"code":138561,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138563,138564],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138565,138566,138569],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138567,138568],{"class":106},"Cat dog ",[68,138570,138571],{"class":34486},"CAT\n",[20,138573,138574,138575,138577],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138576,113051],{}," was replaced.",[20,138579,138580],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138582,138583,138584,236],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[49,138585,126361,138586,10770],{"href":124089},[15,138587,124092],{},[93,138589,3722,138591,11737],{"id":138590},"what-replace-returns",[15,138592,124533],{},[20,138594,138595,138597],{},[15,138596,124533],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138599,138600],{},"If no match is found:",[33,138602,138603,138606],{},[36,138604,138605],{},"no error happens",[36,138607,138608],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138610,326],{},[59,138612,138614],{"className":61,"code":138613,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138615,138616,138628,138658,138662],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138617,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138619,1345],{"class":106},[68,138621,111],{"class":110},[68,138623,115],{"class":114},[68,138625,347],{"class":118},[68,138627,122],{"class":114},[68,138629,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138631,2297],{"class":106},[68,138633,111],{"class":110},[68,138635,42870],{"class":106},[68,138637,236],{"class":78},[68,138639,35029],{"class":138},[68,138641,79],{"class":78},[68,138643,344],{"class":114},[68,138645,2245],{"class":118},[68,138647,344],{"class":114},[68,138649,472],{"class":78},[68,138651,115],{"class":114},[68,138653,11777],{"class":118},[68,138655,344],{"class":114},[68,138657,85],{"class":78},[68,138659,138660],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138661,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,138663,138664,138666,138668,138670],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,138665,129],{"class":128},[68,138667,79],{"class":78},[68,138669,2331],{"class":138},[68,138671,85],{"class":78},[20,138673,180],{},[59,138675,138677],{"className":61,"code":138676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"hello\n",[15,138678,138679],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138680,138681],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138682,138676],{"class":106},[20,138684,138685],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[59,138687,138689],{"className":61,"code":138688,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138690,138691,138703],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138692,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138694,1345],{"class":106},[68,138696,111],{"class":110},[68,138698,115],{"class":114},[68,138700,60423],{"class":118},[68,138702,122],{"class":114},[68,138704,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138706,130200],{"class":106},[68,138708,111],{"class":110},[68,138710,42870],{"class":106},[68,138712,236],{"class":78},[68,138714,35029],{"class":138},[68,138716,79],{"class":78},[68,138718,344],{"class":114},[68,138720,60608],{"class":118},[68,138722,344],{"class":114},[68,138724,472],{"class":78},[68,138726,115],{"class":114},[68,138728,7334],{"class":118},[68,138730,344],{"class":114},[68,138732,85],{"class":78},[20,138734,138735],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[59,138737,138739],{"className":61,"code":138738,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138740,138741,138753],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138742,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138744,1345],{"class":106},[68,138746,111],{"class":110},[68,138748,115],{"class":114},[68,138750,60423],{"class":118},[68,138752,122],{"class":114},[68,138754,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138756,1345],{"class":106},[68,138758,111],{"class":110},[68,138760,42870],{"class":106},[68,138762,236],{"class":78},[68,138764,35029],{"class":138},[68,138766,79],{"class":78},[68,138768,344],{"class":114},[68,138770,60608],{"class":118},[68,138772,344],{"class":114},[68,138774,472],{"class":78},[68,138776,115],{"class":114},[68,138778,7334],{"class":118},[68,138780,344],{"class":114},[68,138782,85],{"class":78},[93,138784,4563],{"id":4562},[20,138786,138787,138788,503],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138789,124533],{},[33,138791,138792,138795,138799,138802],{},[36,138793,138794],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,138796,1770,138797,131581],{},[15,138798,124533],{},[36,138800,138801],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,138803,37237,138804,138806],{},[15,138805,124533],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1470,138808,138810,138811,138813],{"id":138809},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138812,124533],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138815,138816,138817,503],{},"This does not update ",[15,138818,1367],{},[59,138820,138822],{"className":61,"code":138821,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138823,138824,138836,138862],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138825,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138827,1345],{"class":106},[68,138829,111],{"class":110},[68,138831,115],{"class":114},[68,138833,137847],{"class":118},[68,138835,122],{"class":114},[68,138837,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138839,1367],{"class":106},[68,138841,236],{"class":78},[68,138843,35029],{"class":138},[68,138845,79],{"class":78},[68,138847,344],{"class":114},[68,138849,137868],{"class":118},[68,138851,344],{"class":114},[68,138853,472],{"class":78},[68,138855,115],{"class":114},[68,138857,137877],{"class":118},[68,138859,344],{"class":114},[68,138861,85],{"class":78},[68,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138865,129],{"class":128},[68,138867,79],{"class":78},[68,138869,1367],{"class":138},[68,138871,85],{"class":78},[20,138873,180],{},[59,138875,138876],{"className":61,"code":138095,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,138877,138878],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138879,138880],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138881,138095],{"class":106},[20,138883,10837],{},[59,138885,138887],{"className":61,"code":138886,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138888,138889,138901,138931],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138890,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138892,1345],{"class":106},[68,138894,111],{"class":110},[68,138896,115],{"class":114},[68,138898,137847],{"class":118},[68,138900,122],{"class":114},[68,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138904,1345],{"class":106},[68,138906,111],{"class":110},[68,138908,42870],{"class":106},[68,138910,236],{"class":78},[68,138912,35029],{"class":138},[68,138914,79],{"class":78},[68,138916,344],{"class":114},[68,138918,137868],{"class":118},[68,138920,344],{"class":114},[68,138922,472],{"class":78},[68,138924,115],{"class":114},[68,138926,137877],{"class":118},[68,138928,344],{"class":114},[68,138930,85],{"class":78},[68,138932,138933,138935,138937,138939],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,138934,129],{"class":128},[68,138936,79],{"class":78},[68,138938,1367],{"class":138},[68,138940,85],{"class":78},[20,138942,180],{},[59,138944,138945],{"className":61,"code":137896,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,138946,138947],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138948,138949],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138950,137896],{"class":106},[1470,138952,138954],{"id":138953},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[59,138956,138958],{"className":61,"code":138957,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138959,138960,138972],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,138961,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,138963,1345],{"class":106},[68,138965,111],{"class":110},[68,138967,115],{"class":114},[68,138969,34897],{"class":118},[68,138971,122],{"class":114},[68,138973,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,138975,129],{"class":128},[68,138977,79],{"class":78},[68,138979,1367],{"class":138},[68,138981,236],{"class":78},[68,138983,35029],{"class":138},[68,138985,79],{"class":78},[68,138987,344],{"class":114},[68,138989,347],{"class":118},[68,138991,344],{"class":114},[68,138993,472],{"class":78},[68,138995,115],{"class":114},[68,138997,89949],{"class":118},[68,138999,344],{"class":114},[68,139001,142],{"class":78},[20,139003,180],{},[59,139005,139006],{"className":61,"code":88962,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,139007,139008],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139009,139010],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139011,88962],{"class":106},[20,139013,139014,139015,232,139017,139019],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139016,383],{},[15,139018,90431],{}," are not the same.",[1470,139021,139023],{"id":139022},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[59,139025,139027],{"className":61,"code":139026,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139028,139029,139042],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139030,139031,139033,139035,139037,139040],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139032,1345],{"class":106},[68,139034,111],{"class":110},[68,139036,115],{"class":114},[68,139038,139039],{"class":118},"red red red",[68,139041,122],{"class":114},[68,139043,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139045,129],{"class":128},[68,139047,79],{"class":78},[68,139049,1367],{"class":138},[68,139051,236],{"class":78},[68,139053,35029],{"class":138},[68,139055,79],{"class":78},[68,139057,344],{"class":114},[68,139059,13125],{"class":118},[68,139061,344],{"class":114},[68,139063,472],{"class":78},[68,139065,115],{"class":114},[68,139067,13142],{"class":118},[68,139069,344],{"class":114},[68,139071,142],{"class":78},[20,139073,180],{},[59,139075,139077],{"className":61,"code":139076,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139078,139079],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139080,139081],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139082,139076],{"class":106},[20,139084,139085,139086,503],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139087,41291],{},[59,139089,139091],{"className":61,"code":139090,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139092,139093,139105],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139094,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139096,1345],{"class":106},[68,139098,111],{"class":110},[68,139100,115],{"class":114},[68,139102,139039],{"class":118},[68,139104,122],{"class":114},[68,139106,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139108,129],{"class":128},[68,139110,79],{"class":78},[68,139112,1367],{"class":138},[68,139114,236],{"class":78},[68,139116,35029],{"class":138},[68,139118,79],{"class":78},[68,139120,344],{"class":114},[68,139122,13125],{"class":118},[68,139124,344],{"class":114},[68,139126,472],{"class":78},[68,139128,115],{"class":114},[68,139130,13142],{"class":118},[68,139132,344],{"class":114},[68,139134,472],{"class":78},[68,139136,5539],{"class":160},[68,139138,142],{"class":78},[20,139140,180],{},[59,139142,139144],{"className":61,"code":139143,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"blue red red\n",[15,139145,139146],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139147,139148],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139149,139143],{"class":106},[1470,139151,139153,139154,139156],{"id":139152},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139155,124533],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139158,139159],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,139161,139162,139169,139176],{},[36,139163,224,139164,139168],{},[49,139165,139166],{"href":129048},[15,139167,60548],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,139170,224,139171,139175],{},[49,139172,139173],{"href":136931},[15,139174,41685],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,139177,224,139178,139180],{},[15,139179,124533],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[93,139182,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,139184,12736,139186,124689],{"id":139185},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139187,124533],{},[20,139189,139190],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1470,139192,139194],{"id":139193},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139196,139197],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1470,139199,139201],{"id":139200},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139203,139204],{},"Use the third argument:",[59,139206,139208],{"className":61,"code":139207,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139209,139210],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139211,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139213,1367],{"class":106},[68,139215,236],{"class":78},[68,139217,35029],{"class":138},[68,139219,79],{"class":78},[68,139221,137958],{"class":138},[68,139223,472],{"class":78},[68,139225,137963],{"class":138},[68,139227,472],{"class":78},[68,139229,5539],{"class":160},[68,139231,85],{"class":78},[1470,139233,1939,139235,139237],{"id":139234},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139236,124533],{}," remove text?",[20,139239,139240],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[59,139242,139244],{"className":61,"code":139243,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139245,139246],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139247,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139249,1367],{"class":106},[68,139251,236],{"class":78},[68,139253,35029],{"class":138},[68,139255,79],{"class":78},[68,139257,344],{"class":114},[68,139259,2245],{"class":118},[68,139261,344],{"class":114},[68,139263,472],{"class":78},[68,139265,6167],{"class":114},[68,139267,85],{"class":78},[1470,139269,1900,139271,124698],{"id":139270},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139272,124533],{},[20,139274,129890],{},[93,139276,1952],{"id":1951},[33,139278,139279,139283,139289,139295,139301],{},[36,139280,139281],{},[49,139282,124768],{"href":124530},[36,139284,139285],{},[49,139286,126361,139287,10770],{"href":129048},[15,139288,60548],{},[36,139290,139291],{},[49,139292,126361,139293,10770],{"href":136931},[15,139294,41685],{},[36,139296,139297],{},[49,139298,126361,139299,10770],{"href":124089},[15,139300,124092],{},[36,139302,139303],{},[49,139304,125116],{"href":50990},[1995,139306,139307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":139309},[139310,139311,139313,139316,139317,139321,139325,139326,139328,139336,139346],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":137911,"depth":125,"text":139312},"What replace() does",{"id":5472,"depth":125,"text":5473,"children":139314},[139315],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":5826,"depth":125,"text":5827},{"id":138126,"depth":125,"text":138127,"children":139318},[139319,139320],{"id":138140,"depth":145,"text":138141},{"id":138221,"depth":145,"text":138222},{"id":138309,"depth":125,"text":138310,"children":139322},[139323,139324],{"id":138318,"depth":145,"text":138319},{"id":138394,"depth":145,"text":138395},{"id":124008,"depth":125,"text":124009},{"id":138590,"depth":125,"text":139327},"What replace() returns",{"id":4562,"depth":125,"text":4563,"children":139329},[139330,139332,139333,139334],{"id":138809,"depth":145,"text":139331},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138953,"depth":145,"text":138954},{"id":139022,"depth":145,"text":139023},{"id":139152,"depth":145,"text":139335},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":139337},[139338,139340,139341,139342,139344],{"id":139185,"depth":145,"text":139339},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139193,"depth":145,"text":139194},{"id":139200,"depth":145,"text":139201},{"id":139234,"depth":145,"text":139343},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139270,"depth":145,"text":139345},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137796,"description":139347},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139354,"title":139355,"body":139356,"description":141375,"extension":2033,"meta":141376,"navigation":148,"path":141377,"seo":141378,"stem":141379,"__hash__":141380},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139357,"toc":141339},[139358,139363,139368,139371,139382,139384,139439,139444,139449,139456,139458,139473,139475,139531,139533,139571,139576,139578,139602,139605,139618,139623,139625,139657,139659,139692,139698,139703,139706,139716,139719,139721,139777,139779,139829,139832,139840,139843,139899,139901,139974,139987,139995,139999,140010,140013,140016,140069,140071,140103,140106,140160,140162,140197,140200,140205,140210,140215,140218,140220,140278,140280,140314,140316,140331,140334,140336,140378,140380,140406,140411,140419,140422,140424,140506,140508,140559,140562,140573,140581,140583,140656,140658,140676,140680,140683,140687,140714,140716,140724,140728,140763,140765,140778,140782,140785,140824,140826,140843,140848,140853,140864,140867,140878,140880,140882,140908,140911,140960,140962,140979,140982,140984,141036,141038,141070,141073,141131,141136,141138,141143,141246,141248,141262,141264,141271,141276,141281,141286,141291,141296,141299,141303,141308,141310,141336],[10,139359,123362,139361,11352],{"id":139360},"python-string-split-method",[15,139362,60548],{},[20,139364,123367,139365,139367],{},[15,139366,60548],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139369,139370],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,139372,139373,139376,139379],{},[36,139374,139375],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,139377,139378],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,139380,139381],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[93,139383,2075],{"id":2074},[59,139385,139387],{"className":61,"code":139386,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139388,139389,139402,139424,139434],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397,139400],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139392,1345],{"class":106},[68,139394,111],{"class":110},[68,139396,115],{"class":114},[68,139398,139399],{"class":118},"apple,banana,cherry",[68,139401,122],{"class":114},[68,139403,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139405,42865],{"class":106},[68,139407,111],{"class":110},[68,139409,42870],{"class":106},[68,139411,236],{"class":78},[68,139413,34502],{"class":138},[68,139415,79],{"class":78},[68,139417,344],{"class":114},[68,139419,472],{"class":118},[68,139421,344],{"class":114},[68,139423,85],{"class":78},[68,139425,139426,139428,139430,139432],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,139427,129],{"class":128},[68,139429,79],{"class":78},[68,139431,42897],{"class":138},[68,139433,85],{"class":78},[68,139435,139436],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,139437,139438],{"class":3708},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139440,224,139441,139443],{},[15,139442,60548],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[93,139445,3722,139447,3725],{"id":139446},"what-split-does",[15,139448,60548],{},[20,139450,139451,132409,139453,236],{},[15,139452,60548],{},[1301,139454,139455],{},"string method",[20,139457,48945],{},[33,139459,139460,139463,139468],{},[36,139461,139462],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,139464,119669,139465],{},[1301,139466,139467],{},"new list of strings",[36,139469,119675,139470,139472],{},[1301,139471,1303],{}," change the original string",[20,139474,326],{},[59,139476,139478],{"className":61,"code":139477,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139479,139480,139493,139507,139511,139521],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139481,139482,139484,139486,139488,139491],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139483,1345],{"class":106},[68,139485,111],{"class":110},[68,139487,115],{"class":114},[68,139489,139490],{"class":118},"red blue green",[68,139492,122],{"class":114},[68,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139496,42865],{"class":106},[68,139498,111],{"class":110},[68,139500,42870],{"class":106},[68,139502,236],{"class":78},[68,139504,34502],{"class":138},[68,139506,8677],{"class":78},[68,139508,139509],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,139510,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,139512,139513,139515,139517,139519],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,139514,129],{"class":128},[68,139516,79],{"class":78},[68,139518,1367],{"class":138},[68,139520,85],{"class":78},[68,139522,139523,139525,139527,139529],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,139524,129],{"class":128},[68,139526,79],{"class":78},[68,139528,42897],{"class":138},[68,139530,85],{"class":78},[20,139532,180],{},[59,139534,139536],{"className":61,"code":139535,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139537,139538,139543],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139539,139540],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139541,139542],{"class":106},"red blue green\n",[68,139544,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139546,795],{"class":78},[68,139548,203],{"class":114},[68,139550,13125],{"class":118},[68,139552,203],{"class":114},[68,139554,472],{"class":78},[68,139556,197],{"class":114},[68,139558,13142],{"class":118},[68,139560,203],{"class":114},[68,139562,472],{"class":78},[68,139564,197],{"class":114},[68,139566,17488],{"class":118},[68,139568,203],{"class":114},[68,139570,730],{"class":78},[20,139572,139573,139574,236],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[49,139575,125116],{"href":50990},[93,139577,303],{"id":302},[59,139579,139581],{"className":61,"code":139580,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139582,139583],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139584,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139600],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139586,61191],{"class":106},[68,139588,236],{"class":78},[68,139590,34502],{"class":138},[68,139592,79],{"class":78},[68,139594,133765],{"class":138},[68,139596,472],{"class":78},[68,139598,139599],{"class":138}," maxsplit",[68,139601,85],{"class":78},[20,139603,139604],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,139606,139607,139612],{},[36,139608,139609,139611],{},[15,139610,133765],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,139613,139614,139617],{},[15,139615,139616],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139619,8909,139620,139622],{},[15,139621,133765],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139624,326],{},[59,139626,139628],{"className":61,"code":139627,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139629,139630,139643],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139631,139632,139634,139636,139638,139641],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139633,1345],{"class":106},[68,139635,111],{"class":110},[68,139637,115],{"class":114},[68,139639,139640],{"class":118},"one two three",[68,139642,122],{"class":114},[68,139644,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139646,129],{"class":128},[68,139648,79],{"class":78},[68,139650,1367],{"class":138},[68,139652,236],{"class":78},[68,139654,34502],{"class":138},[68,139656,7231],{"class":78},[20,139658,180],{},[59,139660,139662],{"className":61,"code":139661,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139663,139664],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139665,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139667,795],{"class":78},[68,139669,203],{"class":114},[68,139671,6624],{"class":118},[68,139673,203],{"class":114},[68,139675,472],{"class":78},[68,139677,197],{"class":114},[68,139679,79285],{"class":118},[68,139681,203],{"class":114},[68,139683,472],{"class":78},[68,139685,197],{"class":114},[68,139687,134247],{"class":118},[68,139689,203],{"class":114},[68,139691,730],{"class":78},[93,139693,633,139695,139697],{"id":139694},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139696,60548],{}," with no separator",[20,139699,70188,139700,139702],{},[15,139701,60548],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139704,139705],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,139707,139708,139710,139713],{},[36,139709,10482],{},[36,139711,139712],{},"tabs",[36,139714,139715],{},"new lines",[20,139717,139718],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139720,326],{},[59,139722,139724],{"className":61,"code":139723,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139725,139726,139749,139763,139767],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139727,139728,139730,139732,139734,139737,139740,139742,139744,139747],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139729,1345],{"class":106},[68,139731,111],{"class":110},[68,139733,115],{"class":114},[68,139735,139736],{"class":118},"Python   is",[68,139738,139739],{"class":34486},"\\t",[68,139741,133501],{"class":118},[68,139743,87166],{"class":34486},[68,139745,139746],{"class":118},"and useful",[68,139748,122],{"class":114},[68,139750,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139752,42865],{"class":106},[68,139754,111],{"class":110},[68,139756,42870],{"class":106},[68,139758,236],{"class":78},[68,139760,34502],{"class":138},[68,139762,8677],{"class":78},[68,139764,139765],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,139766,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,139768,139769,139771,139773,139775],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,139770,129],{"class":128},[68,139772,79],{"class":78},[68,139774,42897],{"class":138},[68,139776,85],{"class":78},[20,139778,180],{},[59,139780,139782],{"className":61,"code":139781,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139783,139784],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139785,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139825,139827],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139787,795],{"class":78},[68,139789,203],{"class":114},[68,139791,7334],{"class":118},[68,139793,203],{"class":114},[68,139795,472],{"class":78},[68,139797,197],{"class":114},[68,139799,12226],{"class":118},[68,139801,203],{"class":114},[68,139803,472],{"class":78},[68,139805,197],{"class":114},[68,139807,133501],{"class":118},[68,139809,203],{"class":114},[68,139811,472],{"class":78},[68,139813,197],{"class":114},[68,139815,130126],{"class":118},[68,139817,203],{"class":114},[68,139819,472],{"class":78},[68,139821,197],{"class":114},[68,139823,139824],{"class":118},"useful",[68,139826,203],{"class":114},[68,139828,730],{"class":78},[20,139830,139831],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1470,139833,139835,969,139837],{"id":139834},"split-vs-split",[15,139836,60548],{},[15,139838,139839],{},"split(' ')",[20,139841,139842],{},"These are not the same.",[59,139844,139846],{"className":61,"code":139845,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139847,139848,139861,139865,139879],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139849,139850,139852,139854,139856,139859],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139851,1345],{"class":106},[68,139853,111],{"class":110},[68,139855,115],{"class":114},[68,139857,139858],{"class":118},"a  b   c",[68,139860,122],{"class":114},[68,139862,139863],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139864,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,139868,129],{"class":128},[68,139870,79],{"class":78},[68,139872,1367],{"class":138},[68,139874,236],{"class":78},[68,139876,34502],{"class":138},[68,139878,7231],{"class":78},[68,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,139882,129],{"class":128},[68,139884,79],{"class":78},[68,139886,1367],{"class":138},[68,139888,236],{"class":78},[68,139890,34502],{"class":138},[68,139892,79],{"class":78},[68,139894,344],{"class":114},[68,139896,115],{"class":114},[68,139898,142],{"class":78},[20,139900,180],{},[59,139902,139904],{"className":61,"code":139903,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139905,139906,139934],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,139907,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,139909,795],{"class":78},[68,139911,203],{"class":114},[68,139913,49],{"class":118},[68,139915,203],{"class":114},[68,139917,472],{"class":78},[68,139919,197],{"class":114},[68,139921,4806],{"class":118},[68,139923,203],{"class":114},[68,139925,472],{"class":78},[68,139927,197],{"class":114},[68,139929,9769],{"class":118},[68,139931,203],{"class":114},[68,139933,730],{"class":78},[68,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,139937,795],{"class":78},[68,139939,203],{"class":114},[68,139941,49],{"class":118},[68,139943,203],{"class":114},[68,139945,472],{"class":78},[68,139947,3885],{"class":114},[68,139949,472],{"class":78},[68,139951,197],{"class":114},[68,139953,4806],{"class":118},[68,139955,203],{"class":114},[68,139957,472],{"class":78},[68,139959,3885],{"class":114},[68,139961,472],{"class":78},[68,139963,3885],{"class":114},[68,139965,472],{"class":78},[68,139967,197],{"class":114},[68,139969,9769],{"class":118},[68,139971,203],{"class":114},[68,139973,730],{"class":78},[33,139975,139976,139981],{},[36,139977,139978,139980],{},[15,139979,60548],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,139982,139983,139986],{},[15,139984,139985],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139988,139989,139990,139994],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[49,139991,126361,139992,10770],{"href":136931},[15,139993,41685],{}," is often useful.",[93,139996,139998],{"id":139997},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140000,140001,140002,1448,140005,1891,140007,236],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140003,140004],{},"\",\"",[15,140006,133600],{},[15,140008,140009],{},"\"::\"",[20,140011,140012],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140014,140015],{},"Example with commas:",[59,140017,140019],{"className":61,"code":140018,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140020,140021,140033,140055,140059],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140022,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140024,1345],{"class":106},[68,140026,111],{"class":110},[68,140028,115],{"class":114},[68,140030,139399],{"class":118},[68,140032,122],{"class":114},[68,140034,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140036,42865],{"class":106},[68,140038,111],{"class":110},[68,140040,42870],{"class":106},[68,140042,236],{"class":78},[68,140044,34502],{"class":138},[68,140046,79],{"class":78},[68,140048,344],{"class":114},[68,140050,472],{"class":118},[68,140052,344],{"class":114},[68,140054,85],{"class":78},[68,140056,140057],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140058,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140062,129],{"class":128},[68,140064,79],{"class":78},[68,140066,42897],{"class":138},[68,140068,85],{"class":78},[20,140070,180],{},[59,140072,140073],{"className":61,"code":78464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,140074,140075],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140076,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140078,795],{"class":78},[68,140080,203],{"class":114},[68,140082,4123],{"class":118},[68,140084,203],{"class":114},[68,140086,472],{"class":78},[68,140088,197],{"class":114},[68,140090,4132],{"class":118},[68,140092,203],{"class":114},[68,140094,472],{"class":78},[68,140096,197],{"class":114},[68,140098,4141],{"class":118},[68,140100,203],{"class":114},[68,140102,730],{"class":78},[20,140104,140105],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[59,140107,140109],{"className":61,"code":140108,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140110,140111,140124,140146,140150],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140112,140113,140115,140117,140119,140122],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140114,1345],{"class":106},[68,140116,111],{"class":110},[68,140118,115],{"class":114},[68,140120,140121],{"class":118},"2024::10::31",[68,140123,122],{"class":114},[68,140125,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140127,42865],{"class":106},[68,140129,111],{"class":110},[68,140131,42870],{"class":106},[68,140133,236],{"class":78},[68,140135,34502],{"class":138},[68,140137,79],{"class":78},[68,140139,344],{"class":114},[68,140141,76681],{"class":118},[68,140143,344],{"class":114},[68,140145,85],{"class":78},[68,140147,140148],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140149,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140151,140152,140154,140156,140158],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140153,129],{"class":128},[68,140155,79],{"class":78},[68,140157,42897],{"class":138},[68,140159,85],{"class":78},[20,140161,180],{},[59,140163,140165],{"className":61,"code":140164,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140166,140167],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140168,140169,140171,140173,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140193,140195],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140170,795],{"class":78},[68,140172,203],{"class":114},[68,140174,140175],{"class":118},"2024",[68,140177,203],{"class":114},[68,140179,472],{"class":78},[68,140181,197],{"class":114},[68,140183,438],{"class":118},[68,140185,203],{"class":114},[68,140187,472],{"class":78},[68,140189,197],{"class":114},[68,140191,140192],{"class":118},"31",[68,140194,203],{"class":114},[68,140196,730],{"class":78},[20,140198,140199],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140201,140202,140203,236],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[49,140204,129045],{"href":129044},[93,140206,633,140208],{"id":140207},"using-maxsplit",[15,140209,139616],{},[20,140211,140212,140214],{},[15,140213,139616],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140216,140217],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140219,326],{},[59,140221,140223],{"className":61,"code":140222,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140224,140225,140238,140264,140268],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140226,140227,140229,140231,140233,140236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140228,1345],{"class":106},[68,140230,111],{"class":110},[68,140232,115],{"class":114},[68,140234,140235],{"class":118},"name:age:city:country",[68,140237,122],{"class":114},[68,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140241,42865],{"class":106},[68,140243,111],{"class":110},[68,140245,42870],{"class":106},[68,140247,236],{"class":78},[68,140249,34502],{"class":138},[68,140251,79],{"class":78},[68,140253,344],{"class":114},[68,140255,503],{"class":118},[68,140257,344],{"class":114},[68,140259,472],{"class":78},[68,140261,475],{"class":160},[68,140263,85],{"class":78},[68,140265,140266],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140267,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140269,140270,140272,140274,140276],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140271,129],{"class":128},[68,140273,79],{"class":78},[68,140275,42897],{"class":138},[68,140277,85],{"class":78},[20,140279,180],{},[59,140281,140283],{"className":61,"code":140282,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140284,140285],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140286,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140310,140312],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140288,795],{"class":78},[68,140290,203],{"class":114},[68,140292,139],{"class":118},[68,140294,203],{"class":114},[68,140296,472],{"class":78},[68,140298,197],{"class":114},[68,140300,395],{"class":118},[68,140302,203],{"class":114},[68,140304,472],{"class":78},[68,140306,197],{"class":114},[68,140308,140309],{"class":118},"city:country",[68,140311,203],{"class":114},[68,140313,730],{"class":78},[20,140315,2250],{},[33,140317,140318,140323,140328],{},[36,140319,140320,140321],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140322,503],{},[36,140324,140325,140326],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140327,503],{},[36,140329,140330],{},"then stops",[20,140332,140333],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140335,52095],{},[59,140337,140339],{"className":61,"code":140338,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140340,140341,140354],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140342,140343,140345,140347,140349,140352],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140344,1345],{"class":106},[68,140346,111],{"class":110},[68,140348,115],{"class":114},[68,140350,140351],{"class":118},"apple banana cherry grape",[68,140353,122],{"class":114},[68,140355,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140357,129],{"class":128},[68,140359,79],{"class":78},[68,140361,1367],{"class":138},[68,140363,236],{"class":78},[68,140365,34502],{"class":138},[68,140367,79],{"class":78},[68,140369,344],{"class":114},[68,140371,115],{"class":114},[68,140373,472],{"class":78},[68,140375,5539],{"class":160},[68,140377,142],{"class":78},[20,140379,180],{},[59,140381,140383],{"className":61,"code":140382,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140384,140385],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140386,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140402,140404],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140388,795],{"class":78},[68,140390,203],{"class":114},[68,140392,4123],{"class":118},[68,140394,203],{"class":114},[68,140396,472],{"class":78},[68,140398,197],{"class":114},[68,140400,140401],{"class":118},"banana cherry grape",[68,140403,203],{"class":114},[68,140405,730],{"class":78},[93,140407,3722,140409,11737],{"id":140408},"what-split-returns",[15,140410,60548],{},[20,140412,140413,140414,140416,140417,236],{},"The result of ",[15,140415,60548],{}," is always a ",[1301,140418,274],{},[20,140420,140421],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140423,326],{},[59,140425,140427],{"className":61,"code":140426,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140428,140429,140442,140464,140468,140478,140492],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140430,140431,140433,140435,140437,140440],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140432,1345],{"class":106},[68,140434,111],{"class":110},[68,140436,115],{"class":114},[68,140438,140439],{"class":118},"cat,dog,bird",[68,140441,122],{"class":114},[68,140443,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140445,42865],{"class":106},[68,140447,111],{"class":110},[68,140449,42870],{"class":106},[68,140451,236],{"class":78},[68,140453,34502],{"class":138},[68,140455,79],{"class":78},[68,140457,344],{"class":114},[68,140459,472],{"class":118},[68,140461,344],{"class":114},[68,140463,85],{"class":78},[68,140465,140466],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140467,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140469,140470,140472,140474,140476],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140471,129],{"class":128},[68,140473,79],{"class":78},[68,140475,42897],{"class":138},[68,140477,85],{"class":78},[68,140479,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,140481,129],{"class":128},[68,140483,79],{"class":78},[68,140485,75],{"class":74},[68,140487,79],{"class":78},[68,140489,42897],{"class":138},[68,140491,142],{"class":78},[68,140493,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,140495,129],{"class":128},[68,140497,79],{"class":78},[68,140499,42897],{"class":138},[68,140501,795],{"class":78},[68,140503,2192],{"class":160},[68,140505,3933],{"class":78},[20,140507,180],{},[59,140509,140511],{"className":61,"code":140510,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140512,140513,140541,140555],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140514,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140516,795],{"class":78},[68,140518,203],{"class":114},[68,140520,37080],{"class":118},[68,140522,203],{"class":114},[68,140524,472],{"class":78},[68,140526,197],{"class":114},[68,140528,58143],{"class":118},[68,140530,203],{"class":114},[68,140532,472],{"class":78},[68,140534,197],{"class":114},[68,140536,58160],{"class":118},[68,140538,203],{"class":114},[68,140540,730],{"class":78},[68,140542,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140544,190],{"class":110},[68,140546,194],{"class":193},[68,140548,197],{"class":114},[68,140550,274],{"class":118},[68,140552,203],{"class":114},[68,140554,206],{"class":110},[68,140556,140557],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140558,85482],{"class":106},[20,140560,140561],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,140563,140564,140567,140570],{},[36,140565,140566],{},"loop over it",[36,140568,140569],{},"access items by index",[36,140571,140572],{},"combine items again later",[20,140574,140575,140576,236],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[49,140577,126361,140579,10770],{"href":140578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140580,133443],{},[20,140582,326],{},[59,140584,140586],{"className":61,"code":140585,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140587,140588,140620,140642,140646],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140589,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140591,42865],{"class":106},[68,140593,111],{"class":110},[68,140595,725],{"class":78},[68,140597,203],{"class":114},[68,140599,37080],{"class":118},[68,140601,203],{"class":114},[68,140603,472],{"class":78},[68,140605,197],{"class":114},[68,140607,58143],{"class":118},[68,140609,203],{"class":114},[68,140611,472],{"class":78},[68,140613,197],{"class":114},[68,140615,58160],{"class":118},[68,140617,203],{"class":114},[68,140619,730],{"class":78},[68,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140623,1345],{"class":106},[68,140625,111],{"class":110},[68,140627,115],{"class":114},[68,140629,2094],{"class":118},[68,140631,344],{"class":114},[68,140633,236],{"class":78},[68,140635,133520],{"class":138},[68,140637,79],{"class":78},[68,140639,42897],{"class":138},[68,140641,85],{"class":78},[68,140643,140644],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140645,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140647,140648,140650,140652,140654],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140649,129],{"class":128},[68,140651,79],{"class":78},[68,140653,1367],{"class":138},[68,140655,85],{"class":78},[20,140657,180],{},[59,140659,140661],{"className":61,"code":140660,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140662,140663],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140664,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140666,37080],{"class":106},[68,140668,2094],{"class":110},[68,140670,58143],{"class":106},[68,140672,2094],{"class":110},[68,140674,140675],{"class":106},"bird\n",[93,140677,140679],{"id":140678},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140681,140682],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1470,140684,140686],{"id":140685},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[59,140688,140690],{"className":61,"code":140689,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140691,140692,140700],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140693,140694,140696,140698],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140695,1345],{"class":106},[68,140697,111],{"class":110},[68,140699,7919],{"class":114},[68,140701,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710,140712],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140703,129],{"class":128},[68,140705,79],{"class":78},[68,140707,1367],{"class":138},[68,140709,236],{"class":78},[68,140711,34502],{"class":138},[68,140713,7231],{"class":78},[20,140715,180],{},[59,140717,140718],{"className":61,"code":38331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,140719,140720],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140721,140722],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140723,38331],{"class":78},[1470,140725,140727],{"id":140726},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[59,140729,140731],{"className":61,"code":140730,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140732,140733,140741],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140734,140735,140737,140739],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140736,1345],{"class":106},[68,140738,111],{"class":110},[68,140740,7919],{"class":114},[68,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140744,129],{"class":128},[68,140746,79],{"class":78},[68,140748,1367],{"class":138},[68,140750,236],{"class":78},[68,140752,34502],{"class":138},[68,140754,79],{"class":78},[68,140756,344],{"class":114},[68,140758,472],{"class":118},[68,140760,344],{"class":114},[68,140762,142],{"class":78},[20,140764,180],{},[59,140766,140768],{"className":61,"code":140767,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['']\n",[15,140769,140770],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140771,140772,140774,140776],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140773,795],{"class":78},[68,140775,3819],{"class":114},[68,140777,730],{"class":78},[1470,140779,140781],{"id":140780},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140783,140784],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[59,140786,140788],{"className":61,"code":140787,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140789,140790,140802],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140791,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140793,1345],{"class":106},[68,140795,111],{"class":110},[68,140797,115],{"class":114},[68,140799,347],{"class":118},[68,140801,122],{"class":114},[68,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140805,129],{"class":128},[68,140807,79],{"class":78},[68,140809,1367],{"class":138},[68,140811,236],{"class":78},[68,140813,34502],{"class":138},[68,140815,79],{"class":78},[68,140817,344],{"class":114},[68,140819,472],{"class":118},[68,140821,344],{"class":114},[68,140823,142],{"class":78},[20,140825,180],{},[59,140827,140829],{"className":61,"code":140828,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"['hello']\n",[15,140830,140831],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140832,140833,140835,140837,140839,140841],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140834,795],{"class":78},[68,140836,203],{"class":114},[68,140838,347],{"class":118},[68,140840,203],{"class":114},[68,140842,730],{"class":78},[93,140844,1311,140846],{"id":140845},"when-to-use-split",[15,140847,60548],{},[20,140849,224,140850,140852],{},[15,140851,60548],{}," when you need to:",[33,140854,140855,140858,140861],{},[36,140856,140857],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,140859,140860],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,140862,140863],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140865,140866],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,140868,140869,140872,140875],{},[36,140870,140871],{},"cleaning text",[36,140873,140874],{},"parsing user input",[36,140876,140877],{},"processing simple file content",[93,140879,1750],{"id":1749},[20,140881,84253],{},[33,140883,140884,140888,140894,140897,140905],{},[36,140885,50520,140886,131581],{},[15,140887,60548],{},[36,140889,140890,140891,140893],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140892,60548],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,140895,140896],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,140898,140899,140900,140902,140903],{},"assuming ",[15,140901,139839],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140904,60548],{},[36,140906,140907],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140909,140910],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[59,140912,140914],{"className":61,"code":140913,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140915,140916,140928,140946,140950],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140917,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140919,1345],{"class":106},[68,140921,111],{"class":110},[68,140923,115],{"class":114},[68,140925,42858],{"class":118},[68,140927,122],{"class":114},[68,140929,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,140931,1367],{"class":106},[68,140933,236],{"class":78},[68,140935,34502],{"class":138},[68,140937,79],{"class":78},[68,140939,344],{"class":114},[68,140941,472],{"class":118},[68,140943,344],{"class":114},[68,140945,85],{"class":78},[68,140947,140948],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,140949,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,140951,140952,140954,140956,140958],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,140953,129],{"class":128},[68,140955,79],{"class":78},[68,140957,1367],{"class":138},[68,140959,85],{"class":78},[20,140961,180],{},[59,140963,140965],{"className":61,"code":140964,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a,b,c\n",[15,140966,140967],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140968,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140970,49],{"class":106},[68,140972,472],{"class":78},[68,140974,4806],{"class":106},[68,140976,472],{"class":78},[68,140978,69260],{"class":106},[20,140980,140981],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140983,10837],{},[59,140985,140986],{"className":61,"code":42845,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,140987,140988,141000,141022,141026],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,140989,140990,140992,140994,140996,140998],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,140991,1345],{"class":106},[68,140993,111],{"class":110},[68,140995,115],{"class":114},[68,140997,42858],{"class":118},[68,140999,122],{"class":114},[68,141001,141002,141004,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141003,42865],{"class":106},[68,141005,111],{"class":110},[68,141007,42870],{"class":106},[68,141009,236],{"class":78},[68,141011,34502],{"class":138},[68,141013,79],{"class":78},[68,141015,344],{"class":114},[68,141017,472],{"class":118},[68,141019,344],{"class":114},[68,141021,85],{"class":78},[68,141023,141024],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141025,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,141027,141028,141030,141032,141034],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141029,129],{"class":128},[68,141031,79],{"class":78},[68,141033,42897],{"class":138},[68,141035,85],{"class":78},[20,141037,180],{},[59,141039,141040],{"className":61,"code":42904,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,141041,141042],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141043,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141045,795],{"class":78},[68,141047,203],{"class":114},[68,141049,49],{"class":118},[68,141051,203],{"class":114},[68,141053,472],{"class":78},[68,141055,197],{"class":114},[68,141057,4806],{"class":118},[68,141059,203],{"class":114},[68,141061,472],{"class":78},[68,141063,197],{"class":114},[68,141065,9769],{"class":118},[68,141067,203],{"class":114},[68,141069,730],{"class":78},[20,141071,141072],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[59,141074,141076],{"className":61,"code":141075,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141077,141078,141091,141113,141117],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141079,141080,141082,141084,141086,141089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141081,1345],{"class":106},[68,141083,111],{"class":110},[68,141085,115],{"class":114},[68,141087,141088],{"class":118},"apple,banana",[68,141090,122],{"class":114},[68,141092,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141094,42865],{"class":106},[68,141096,111],{"class":110},[68,141098,42870],{"class":106},[68,141100,236],{"class":78},[68,141102,34502],{"class":138},[68,141104,79],{"class":78},[68,141106,344],{"class":114},[68,141108,472],{"class":118},[68,141110,344],{"class":114},[68,141112,85],{"class":78},[68,141114,141115],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141116,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,141118,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141120,129],{"class":128},[68,141122,79],{"class":78},[68,141124,42897],{"class":138},[68,141126,795],{"class":78},[68,141128,2129],{"class":160},[68,141130,3933],{"class":78},[20,141132,141133,141134,236],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[49,141135,69273],{"href":69272},[1470,141137,60727],{"id":60726},[20,141139,8909,141140,141142],{},[15,141141,60548],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[59,141144,141146],{"className":61,"code":141145,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141147,141148,141158,141172,141194,141220],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141149,141150,141152,141154,141156],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141151,129],{"class":128},[68,141153,79],{"class":78},[68,141155,1367],{"class":138},[68,141157,85],{"class":78},[68,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141161,129],{"class":128},[68,141163,79],{"class":78},[68,141165,1367],{"class":138},[68,141167,236],{"class":78},[68,141169,34502],{"class":138},[68,141171,7231],{"class":78},[68,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141175,129],{"class":128},[68,141177,79],{"class":78},[68,141179,1367],{"class":138},[68,141181,236],{"class":78},[68,141183,34502],{"class":138},[68,141185,79],{"class":78},[68,141187,203],{"class":114},[68,141189,472],{"class":118},[68,141191,203],{"class":114},[68,141193,142],{"class":78},[68,141195,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141197,129],{"class":128},[68,141199,79],{"class":78},[68,141201,11191],{"class":128},[68,141203,79],{"class":78},[68,141205,1367],{"class":138},[68,141207,236],{"class":78},[68,141209,34502],{"class":138},[68,141211,79],{"class":78},[68,141213,203],{"class":114},[68,141215,472],{"class":118},[68,141217,203],{"class":114},[68,141219,2970],{"class":78},[68,141221,141222,141224,141226,141228,141230,141232,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,141223,129],{"class":128},[68,141225,79],{"class":78},[68,141227,75],{"class":74},[68,141229,79],{"class":78},[68,141231,1367],{"class":138},[68,141233,236],{"class":78},[68,141235,34502],{"class":138},[68,141237,79],{"class":78},[68,141239,203],{"class":114},[68,141241,472],{"class":118},[68,141243,203],{"class":114},[68,141245,2970],{"class":78},[20,141247,11200],{},[33,141249,141250,141253,141256,141259],{},[36,141251,141252],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,141254,141255],{},"which separator works",[36,141257,141258],{},"how many items were created",[36,141260,141261],{},"that the result is a list",[93,141263,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,141265,5221,141267,232,141269,1906],{"id":141266},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141268,60548],{},[15,141270,139839],{},[20,141272,141273,141275],{},[15,141274,60548],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141277,141278,141280],{},[15,141279,139839],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1470,141282,12736,141284,124689],{"id":141283},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141285,60548],{},[20,141287,141288,141289,56495],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141290,60548],{},[1470,141292,1878,141294,39995],{"id":141293},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141295,139616],{},[20,141297,141298],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1470,141300,141302],{"id":141301},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141304,1928,141305,141307],{},[15,141306,60548],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[93,141309,1952],{"id":1951},[33,141311,141312,141316,141322,141328,141332],{},[36,141313,141314],{},[49,141315,129966],{"href":129044},[36,141317,141318],{},[49,141319,126361,141320,10770],{"href":140578},[15,141321,133443],{},[36,141323,141324],{},[49,141325,126361,141326,10770],{"href":136931},[15,141327,41685],{},[36,141329,141330],{},[49,141331,125116],{"href":50990},[36,141333,141334],{},[49,141335,69273],{"href":69272},[1995,141337,141338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":141340},[141341,141342,141344,141345,141350,141351,141353,141355,141360,141362,141365,141374],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":139446,"depth":125,"text":141343},"What split() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":139694,"depth":125,"text":141346,"children":141347},"Using split() with no separator",[141348],{"id":139834,"depth":145,"text":141349},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139997,"depth":125,"text":139998},{"id":140207,"depth":125,"text":141352},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140408,"depth":125,"text":141354},"What split() returns",{"id":140678,"depth":125,"text":140679,"children":141356},[141357,141358,141359],{"id":140685,"depth":145,"text":140686},{"id":140726,"depth":145,"text":140727},{"id":140780,"depth":145,"text":140781},{"id":140845,"depth":125,"text":141361},"When to use split()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":141363},[141364],{"id":60726,"depth":145,"text":60727},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":141366},[141367,141369,141371,141373],{"id":141266,"depth":145,"text":141368},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141283,"depth":145,"text":141370},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141293,"depth":145,"text":141372},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141301,"depth":145,"text":141302},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139355,"description":141375},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141382,"title":141383,"body":141384,"description":143327,"extension":2033,"meta":143328,"navigation":148,"path":143329,"seo":143330,"stem":143331,"__hash__":143332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141385,"toc":143286},[141386,141391,141396,141403,141476,141481,141486,141491,141507,141509,141579,141581,141583,141603,141605,141650,141655,141657,141755,141760,141764,141769,141773,141776,141818,141822,141825,141870,141874,141877,141927,141931,141936,141988,141990,141995,142006,142011,142091,142093,142105,142114,142121,142136,142138,142253,142259,142263,142266,142271,142413,142416,142423,142425,142429,142437,142506,142512,142561,142566,142571,142573,142593,142595,142661,142663,142667,142670,142674,142715,142717,142750,142755,142758,142785,142787,142830,142837,142842,142852,142918,142922,142930,142935,142986,142990,142993,142995,143004,143006,143056,143058,143165,143167,143172,143179,143185,143188,143219,143224,143226,143233,143241,143250,143253,143255,143283],[10,141387,123362,141389,11352],{"id":141388},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141390,127729],{},[20,141392,123367,141393,141395],{},[15,141394,127729],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141397,126427,141398,384,141400,141402],{},[15,141399,290],{},[15,141401,293],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[59,141404,141406],{"className":61,"code":141405,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141407,141408,141421,141425,141450],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141419],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141411,1345],{"class":106},[68,141413,111],{"class":110},[68,141415,115],{"class":114},[68,141417,141418],{"class":118},"Python Beginner Help",[68,141420,122],{"class":114},[68,141422,141423],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141424,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,141426,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141428,129],{"class":128},[68,141430,79],{"class":78},[68,141432,1367],{"class":138},[68,141434,236],{"class":78},[68,141436,141437],{"class":138},"startswith",[68,141439,79],{"class":78},[68,141441,344],{"class":114},[68,141443,7334],{"class":118},[68,141445,344],{"class":114},[68,141447,1636],{"class":78},[68,141449,43884],{"class":3708},[68,141451,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141469,141471,141473],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141453,129],{"class":128},[68,141455,79],{"class":78},[68,141457,1367],{"class":138},[68,141459,236],{"class":78},[68,141461,141437],{"class":138},[68,141463,79],{"class":78},[68,141465,344],{"class":114},[68,141467,141468],{"class":118},"Beginner",[68,141470,344],{"class":114},[68,141472,1636],{"class":78},[68,141474,141475],{"class":3708}," # False\n",[20,141477,224,141478,141480],{},[15,141479,127729],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[93,141482,3722,141484,3725],{"id":141483},"what-startswith-does",[15,141485,127729],{},[20,141487,141488,141490],{},[15,141489,127729],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,141492,141493,141496,141502,141504],{},[36,141494,141495],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,141497,5191,141498,384,141500],{},[15,141499,290],{},[15,141501,293],{},[36,141503,123505],{},[36,141505,141506],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141508,326],{},[59,141510,141512],{"className":61,"code":141511,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141513,141514,141526,141530,141555],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141515,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141517,107],{"class":106},[68,141519,111],{"class":110},[68,141521,115],{"class":114},[68,141523,7334],{"class":118},[68,141525,122],{"class":114},[68,141527,141528],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141529,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,141531,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141549,141551,141553],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141533,129],{"class":128},[68,141535,79],{"class":78},[68,141537,139],{"class":138},[68,141539,236],{"class":78},[68,141541,141437],{"class":138},[68,141543,79],{"class":78},[68,141545,344],{"class":114},[68,141547,141548],{"class":118},"Py",[68,141550,344],{"class":114},[68,141552,1636],{"class":78},[68,141554,43884],{"class":3708},[68,141556,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141558,129],{"class":128},[68,141560,79],{"class":78},[68,141562,139],{"class":138},[68,141564,236],{"class":78},[68,141566,141437],{"class":138},[68,141568,79],{"class":78},[68,141570,344],{"class":114},[68,141572,128807],{"class":118},[68,141574,344],{"class":114},[68,141576,1636],{"class":78},[68,141578,43901],{"class":3708},[93,141580,303],{"id":302},[20,141582,42414],{},[59,141584,141586],{"className":61,"code":141585,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141587,141588],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141589,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141601],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141591,61191],{"class":106},[68,141593,236],{"class":78},[68,141595,141437],{"class":138},[68,141597,79],{"class":78},[68,141599,141600],{"class":138},"prefix",[68,141602,85],{"class":78},[20,141604,30798],{},[59,141606,141608],{"className":61,"code":141607,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141609,141610,141628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141611,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141613,61191],{"class":106},[68,141615,236],{"class":78},[68,141617,141437],{"class":138},[68,141619,79],{"class":78},[68,141621,141600],{"class":138},[68,141623,472],{"class":78},[68,141625,36083],{"class":138},[68,141627,85],{"class":78},[68,141629,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141631,61191],{"class":106},[68,141633,236],{"class":78},[68,141635,141437],{"class":138},[68,141637,79],{"class":78},[68,141639,141600],{"class":138},[68,141641,472],{"class":78},[68,141643,36083],{"class":138},[68,141645,472],{"class":78},[68,141647,65055],{"class":138},[68,141649,85],{"class":78},[20,141651,20805,141652,141654],{},[15,141653,141600],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141656,326],{},[59,141658,141660],{"className":61,"code":141659,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141661,141662,141674,141678,141703,141727],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141665,1345],{"class":106},[68,141667,111],{"class":110},[68,141669,115],{"class":114},[68,141671,60423],{"class":118},[68,141673,122],{"class":114},[68,141675,141676],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141677,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,141679,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,141681,129],{"class":128},[68,141683,79],{"class":78},[68,141685,1367],{"class":138},[68,141687,236],{"class":78},[68,141689,141437],{"class":138},[68,141691,79],{"class":78},[68,141693,344],{"class":114},[68,141695,347],{"class":118},[68,141697,344],{"class":114},[68,141699,1636],{"class":78},[68,141701,141702],{"class":3708},"      # True\n",[68,141704,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,141706,129],{"class":128},[68,141708,79],{"class":78},[68,141710,1367],{"class":138},[68,141712,236],{"class":78},[68,141714,141437],{"class":138},[68,141716,79],{"class":78},[68,141718,344],{"class":114},[68,141720,60608],{"class":118},[68,141722,344],{"class":114},[68,141724,1636],{"class":78},[68,141726,21235],{"class":3708},[68,141728,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,141730,129],{"class":128},[68,141732,79],{"class":78},[68,141734,1367],{"class":138},[68,141736,236],{"class":78},[68,141738,141437],{"class":138},[68,141740,79],{"class":78},[68,141742,344],{"class":114},[68,141744,60608],{"class":118},[68,141746,344],{"class":114},[68,141748,472],{"class":78},[68,141750,37677],{"class":160},[68,141752,1636],{"class":78},[68,141754,43884],{"class":3708},[20,141756,141757,141758,236],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[49,141759,125116],{"href":50990},[93,141761,141763],{"id":141762},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141765,141766,141768],{},[15,141767,127729],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1470,141770,141771],{"id":141600},[15,141772,141600],{},[20,141774,141775],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[59,141777,141779],{"className":61,"code":141778,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141780,141781,141793],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141782,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141784,1345],{"class":106},[68,141786,111],{"class":110},[68,141788,115],{"class":114},[68,141790,4132],{"class":118},[68,141792,122],{"class":114},[68,141794,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141812,141814,141816],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141796,129],{"class":128},[68,141798,79],{"class":78},[68,141800,1367],{"class":138},[68,141802,236],{"class":78},[68,141804,141437],{"class":138},[68,141806,79],{"class":78},[68,141808,344],{"class":114},[68,141810,141811],{"class":118},"ban",[68,141813,344],{"class":114},[68,141815,1636],{"class":78},[68,141817,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,141819,141820],{"id":36104},[15,141821,36104],{},[20,141823,141824],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[59,141826,141828],{"className":61,"code":141827,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141829,141830,141842],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141831,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141833,1345],{"class":106},[68,141835,111],{"class":110},[68,141837,115],{"class":114},[68,141839,60423],{"class":118},[68,141841,122],{"class":114},[68,141843,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141845,129],{"class":128},[68,141847,79],{"class":78},[68,141849,1367],{"class":138},[68,141851,236],{"class":78},[68,141853,141437],{"class":138},[68,141855,79],{"class":78},[68,141857,344],{"class":114},[68,141859,60608],{"class":118},[68,141861,344],{"class":114},[68,141863,472],{"class":78},[68,141865,37677],{"class":160},[68,141867,1636],{"class":78},[68,141869,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,141871,141872],{"id":52676},[15,141873,52676],{},[20,141875,141876],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[59,141878,141880],{"className":61,"code":141879,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141881,141882,141894],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141883,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141885,1345],{"class":106},[68,141887,111],{"class":110},[68,141889,115],{"class":114},[68,141891,60423],{"class":118},[68,141893,122],{"class":114},[68,141895,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141897,129],{"class":128},[68,141899,79],{"class":78},[68,141901,1367],{"class":138},[68,141903,236],{"class":78},[68,141905,141437],{"class":138},[68,141907,79],{"class":78},[68,141909,344],{"class":114},[68,141911,141912],{"class":118},"wor",[68,141914,344],{"class":114},[68,141916,472],{"class":78},[68,141918,37677],{"class":160},[68,141920,472],{"class":78},[68,141922,54152],{"class":160},[68,141924,1636],{"class":78},[68,141926,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,141928,141930],{"id":141929},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141932,141933,141935],{},[15,141934,141600],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[59,141937,141939],{"className":61,"code":141938,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141940,141941,141954],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,141942,141943,141945,141947,141949,141952],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,141944,126444],{"class":106},[68,141946,111],{"class":110},[68,141948,115],{"class":114},[68,141950,141951],{"class":118},"img_001.png",[68,141953,122],{"class":114},[68,141955,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141973,141975,141977,141979,141982,141984,141986],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,141957,129],{"class":128},[68,141959,79],{"class":78},[68,141961,126462],{"class":138},[68,141963,236],{"class":78},[68,141965,141437],{"class":138},[68,141967,5552],{"class":78},[68,141969,344],{"class":114},[68,141971,141972],{"class":118},"img_",[68,141974,344],{"class":114},[68,141976,472],{"class":78},[68,141978,115],{"class":114},[68,141980,141981],{"class":118},"photo_",[68,141983,344],{"class":114},[68,141985,51106],{"class":78},[68,141987,3709],{"class":3708},[93,141989,17451],{"id":17450},[20,141991,141992,141994],{},[15,141993,127729],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,141996,141997,142002],{},[36,141998,141999,142001],{},[15,142000,290],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,142003,142004,127046],{},[15,142005,293],{},[20,142007,142008,142009,1142],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142010,1099],{},[59,142012,142014],{"className":61,"code":142013,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142015,142016,142030,142034,142055,142070,142076],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142017,142018,142021,142023,142025,142028],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142019,142020],{"class":106},"command ",[68,142022,111],{"class":110},[68,142024,115],{"class":114},[68,142026,142027],{"class":118},"\u002Fhelp",[68,142029,122],{"class":114},[68,142031,142032],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142033,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142035,142036,142038,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142037,1099],{"class":1098},[68,142039,142040],{"class":106}," command",[68,142042,236],{"class":78},[68,142044,141437],{"class":138},[68,142046,79],{"class":78},[68,142048,344],{"class":114},[68,142050,127253],{"class":118},[68,142052,344],{"class":114},[68,142054,1113],{"class":78},[68,142056,142057,142059,142061,142063,142066,142068],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142058,1118],{"class":128},[68,142060,79],{"class":78},[68,142062,344],{"class":114},[68,142064,142065],{"class":118},"This looks like a command.",[68,142067,344],{"class":114},[68,142069,85],{"class":78},[68,142071,142072,142074],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,142073,27468],{"class":1098},[68,142075,1648],{"class":78},[68,142077,142078,142080,142082,142084,142087,142089],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,142079,1118],{"class":128},[68,142081,79],{"class":78},[68,142083,344],{"class":114},[68,142085,142086],{"class":118},"This is normal text.",[68,142088,344],{"class":114},[68,142090,85],{"class":78},[20,142092,180],{},[59,142094,142096],{"className":61,"code":142095,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142097,142098],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142099,142100,142103],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142101,142102],{"class":106},"This looks like a command",[68,142104,122397],{"class":78},[93,142106,633,142108,8739,142110,232,142112],{"id":142107},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142109,127729],{},[15,142111,36104],{},[15,142113,52676],{},[20,142115,2050,142116,232,142118,142120],{},[15,142117,36104],{},[15,142119,52676],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,142122,142123,142128,142133],{},[36,142124,142125,142127],{},[15,142126,36104],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,142129,142130,142132],{},[15,142131,52676],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,142134,142135],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142137,326],{},[59,142139,142141],{"className":61,"code":142140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142142,142143,142155,142159,142188,142221],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142144,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142146,1345],{"class":106},[68,142148,111],{"class":110},[68,142150,115],{"class":114},[68,142152,139640],{"class":118},[68,142154,122],{"class":114},[68,142156,142157],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142158,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142160,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142162,129],{"class":128},[68,142164,79],{"class":78},[68,142166,1367],{"class":138},[68,142168,236],{"class":78},[68,142170,141437],{"class":138},[68,142172,79],{"class":78},[68,142174,344],{"class":114},[68,142176,79285],{"class":118},[68,142178,344],{"class":114},[68,142180,472],{"class":78},[68,142182,2521],{"class":160},[68,142184,1636],{"class":78},[68,142186,142187],{"class":3708},"        # True\n",[68,142189,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142217,142219],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142191,129],{"class":128},[68,142193,79],{"class":78},[68,142195,1367],{"class":138},[68,142197,236],{"class":78},[68,142199,141437],{"class":138},[68,142201,79],{"class":78},[68,142203,344],{"class":114},[68,142205,134247],{"class":118},[68,142207,344],{"class":114},[68,142209,472],{"class":78},[68,142211,6401],{"class":160},[68,142213,472],{"class":78},[68,142215,142216],{"class":160}," 13",[68,142218,1636],{"class":78},[68,142220,3709],{"class":3708},[68,142222,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,142224,129],{"class":128},[68,142226,79],{"class":78},[68,142228,1367],{"class":138},[68,142230,236],{"class":78},[68,142232,141437],{"class":138},[68,142234,79],{"class":78},[68,142236,344],{"class":114},[68,142238,134247],{"class":118},[68,142240,344],{"class":114},[68,142242,472],{"class":78},[68,142244,6401],{"class":160},[68,142246,472],{"class":78},[68,142248,30977],{"class":160},[68,142250,1636],{"class":78},[68,142252,4817],{"class":3708},[20,142254,142255,142256,142258],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142257,52676],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[93,142260,142262],{"id":142261},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142264,142265],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142267,142268,142269,49365],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142270,40871],{},[59,142272,142274],{"className":61,"code":142273,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142275,142276,142290,142304,142318,142322,142346,142350,142371,142392],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142277,142278,142281,142283,142285,142288],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142279,142280],{"class":106},"filename1 ",[68,142282,111],{"class":110},[68,142284,115],{"class":114},[68,142286,142287],{"class":118},"img_101.jpg",[68,142289,122],{"class":114},[68,142291,142292,142295,142297,142299,142302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142293,142294],{"class":106},"filename2 ",[68,142296,111],{"class":110},[68,142298,115],{"class":114},[68,142300,142301],{"class":118},"photo_202.jpg",[68,142303,122],{"class":114},[68,142305,142306,142309,142311,142313,142316],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142307,142308],{"class":106},"filename3 ",[68,142310,111],{"class":110},[68,142312,115],{"class":114},[68,142314,142315],{"class":118},"doc_303.jpg",[68,142317,122],{"class":114},[68,142319,142320],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142321,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142323,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,142325,127656],{"class":106},[68,142327,111],{"class":110},[68,142329,9266],{"class":78},[68,142331,344],{"class":114},[68,142333,141972],{"class":118},[68,142335,344],{"class":114},[68,142337,472],{"class":78},[68,142339,115],{"class":114},[68,142341,141981],{"class":118},[68,142343,344],{"class":114},[68,142345,85],{"class":78},[68,142347,142348],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,142349,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142351,142352,142354,142356,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,142353,129],{"class":128},[68,142355,79],{"class":78},[68,142357,142358],{"class":138},"filename1",[68,142360,236],{"class":78},[68,142362,141437],{"class":138},[68,142364,79],{"class":78},[68,142366,127708],{"class":138},[68,142368,1636],{"class":78},[68,142370,3709],{"class":3708},[68,142372,142373,142375,142377,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,142374,129],{"class":128},[68,142376,79],{"class":78},[68,142378,142379],{"class":138},"filename2",[68,142381,236],{"class":78},[68,142383,141437],{"class":138},[68,142385,79],{"class":78},[68,142387,127708],{"class":138},[68,142389,1636],{"class":78},[68,142391,3709],{"class":3708},[68,142393,142394,142396,142398,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,142395,129],{"class":128},[68,142397,79],{"class":78},[68,142399,142400],{"class":138},"filename3",[68,142402,236],{"class":78},[68,142404,141437],{"class":138},[68,142406,79],{"class":78},[68,142408,127708],{"class":138},[68,142410,1636],{"class":78},[68,142412,4817],{"class":3708},[20,142414,142415],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142417,74786,142418,142422],{},[49,142419,126361,142420,10770],{"href":129955},[15,142421,126419],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[93,142424,124009],{"id":124008},[20,142426,142427,123820],{},[15,142428,127729],{},[20,142430,127406,142431,232,142434,127413],{},[15,142432,142433],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142435,142436],{},"\"python\"",[59,142438,142440],{"className":61,"code":142439,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142441,142442,142454,142458,142482],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142443,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142445,1345],{"class":106},[68,142447,111],{"class":110},[68,142449,115],{"class":114},[68,142451,7334],{"class":118},[68,142453,122],{"class":114},[68,142455,142456],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142457,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142459,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142461,129],{"class":128},[68,142463,79],{"class":78},[68,142465,1367],{"class":138},[68,142467,236],{"class":78},[68,142469,141437],{"class":138},[68,142471,79],{"class":78},[68,142473,344],{"class":114},[68,142475,141548],{"class":118},[68,142477,344],{"class":114},[68,142479,1636],{"class":78},[68,142481,3709],{"class":3708},[68,142483,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142485,129],{"class":128},[68,142487,79],{"class":78},[68,142489,1367],{"class":138},[68,142491,236],{"class":78},[68,142493,141437],{"class":138},[68,142495,79],{"class":78},[68,142497,344],{"class":114},[68,142499,128807],{"class":118},[68,142501,344],{"class":114},[68,142503,1636],{"class":78},[68,142505,4817],{"class":3708},[20,142507,127498,142508,236],{},[49,142509,142510],{"href":124089},[15,142511,124092],{},[59,142513,142515],{"className":61,"code":142514,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142516,142517,142529,142533],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142518,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142520,1345],{"class":106},[68,142522,111],{"class":110},[68,142524,115],{"class":114},[68,142526,7334],{"class":118},[68,142528,122],{"class":114},[68,142530,142531],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142532,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142536,129],{"class":128},[68,142538,79],{"class":78},[68,142540,1367],{"class":138},[68,142542,236],{"class":78},[68,142544,8674],{"class":138},[68,142546,8671],{"class":78},[68,142548,141437],{"class":138},[68,142550,79],{"class":78},[68,142552,344],{"class":114},[68,142554,128807],{"class":118},[68,142556,344],{"class":114},[68,142558,1636],{"class":78},[68,142560,3709],{"class":3708},[93,142562,1311,142564],{"id":142563},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142565,127729],{},[20,142567,142568,142570],{},[15,142569,127729],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142572,9403],{},[33,142574,142575,142578,142581,142590],{},[36,142576,142577],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,142579,142580],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,142582,142583,142584,384,142587],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142585,142586],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142588,142589],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,142591,142592],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142594,326],{},[59,142596,142598],{"className":61,"code":142597,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142599,142600,142613,142617,142646],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142601,142602,142604,142606,142608,142611],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142603,127224],{"class":106},[68,142605,111],{"class":110},[68,142607,115],{"class":114},[68,142609,142610],{"class":118},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[68,142612,122],{"class":114},[68,142614,142615],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142616,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142618,142619,142621,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142620,1099],{"class":1098},[68,142622,142623],{"class":106}," url",[68,142625,236],{"class":78},[68,142627,141437],{"class":138},[68,142629,5552],{"class":78},[68,142631,344],{"class":114},[68,142633,142586],{"class":118},[68,142635,344],{"class":114},[68,142637,472],{"class":78},[68,142639,115],{"class":114},[68,142641,142589],{"class":118},[68,142643,344],{"class":114},[68,142645,69577],{"class":78},[68,142647,142648,142650,142652,142654,142657,142659],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142649,1118],{"class":128},[68,142651,79],{"class":78},[68,142653,344],{"class":114},[68,142655,142656],{"class":118},"This looks like a web URL.",[68,142658,344],{"class":114},[68,142660,85],{"class":78},[93,142662,1750],{"id":1749},[20,142664,23130,142665,236],{},[15,142666,127729],{},[1470,142668,138801],{"id":142669},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142671,142672,123820],{},[15,142673,127729],{},[59,142675,142677],{"className":61,"code":142676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142678,142679,142691],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142680,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142682,1345],{"class":106},[68,142684,111],{"class":110},[68,142686,115],{"class":114},[68,142688,7334],{"class":118},[68,142690,122],{"class":114},[68,142692,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142694,129],{"class":128},[68,142696,79],{"class":78},[68,142698,1367],{"class":138},[68,142700,236],{"class":78},[68,142702,141437],{"class":138},[68,142704,79],{"class":78},[68,142706,344],{"class":114},[68,142708,63],{"class":118},[68,142710,344],{"class":114},[68,142712,1636],{"class":78},[68,142714,4817],{"class":3708},[20,142716,39296],{},[59,142718,142720],{"className":61,"code":142719,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142721,142722],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142723,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142725,129],{"class":128},[68,142727,79],{"class":78},[68,142729,1367],{"class":138},[68,142731,236],{"class":78},[68,142733,8674],{"class":138},[68,142735,8671],{"class":78},[68,142737,141437],{"class":138},[68,142739,79],{"class":78},[68,142741,344],{"class":114},[68,142743,63],{"class":118},[68,142745,344],{"class":114},[68,142747,1636],{"class":78},[68,142749,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,142751,29684,142753,137283],{"id":142752},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142754,127729],{},[20,142756,142757],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[59,142759,142761],{"className":61,"code":142760,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142762,142763,142771,142775,142780],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142764,142765,142767,142769],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142766,652],{"class":106},[68,142768,111],{"class":110},[68,142770,125044],{"class":160},[68,142772,142773],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142774,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142776,142777],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142778,142779],{"class":3708},"# This will cause an error:\n",[68,142781,142782],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142783,142784],{"class":3708},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142786,39296],{},[59,142788,142790],{"className":61,"code":142789,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142791,142792,142806],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142793,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142795,652],{"class":106},[68,142797,111],{"class":110},[68,142799,1625],{"class":74},[68,142801,79],{"class":78},[68,142803,1352],{"class":160},[68,142805,85],{"class":78},[68,142807,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142809,129],{"class":128},[68,142811,79],{"class":78},[68,142813,665],{"class":138},[68,142815,236],{"class":78},[68,142817,141437],{"class":138},[68,142819,79],{"class":78},[68,142821,344],{"class":114},[68,142823,469],{"class":118},[68,142825,344],{"class":114},[68,142827,1636],{"class":78},[68,142829,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,142831,37237,142833,8739,142835],{"id":142832},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142834,127729],{},[15,142836,3927],{},[20,142838,142839,142841],{},[15,142840,127729],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142843,142844,142845,142847,142848,236],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142846,3927],{}," or methods like ",[49,142849,142850],{"href":124372},[15,142851,124357],{},[59,142853,142855],{"className":61,"code":142854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142856,142857,142869,142873,142897],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142858,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142860,1345],{"class":106},[68,142862,111],{"class":110},[68,142864,115],{"class":114},[68,142866,60423],{"class":118},[68,142868,122],{"class":114},[68,142870,142871],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142872,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142874,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142876,129],{"class":128},[68,142878,79],{"class":78},[68,142880,1367],{"class":138},[68,142882,236],{"class":78},[68,142884,141437],{"class":138},[68,142886,79],{"class":78},[68,142888,344],{"class":114},[68,142890,60608],{"class":118},[68,142892,344],{"class":114},[68,142894,1636],{"class":78},[68,142896,4817],{"class":3708},[68,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,142900,129],{"class":128},[68,142902,79],{"class":78},[68,142904,344],{"class":114},[68,142906,60608],{"class":118},[68,142908,344],{"class":114},[68,142910,21208],{"class":1098},[68,142912,42870],{"class":138},[68,142914,1701],{"class":78},[68,142916,142917],{"class":3708},"           # True\n",[20,142919,135835,142920,236],{},[49,142921,127397],{"href":123617},[1470,142923,4749,142925,232,142927,142929],{"id":142924},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142926,36104],{},[15,142928,52676],{}," use index positions",[20,142931,142932,142933,236],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142934,2192],{},[59,142936,142938],{"className":61,"code":142937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142939,142940,142953,142957],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,142941,142942,142944,142946,142948,142951],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,142943,1345],{"class":106},[68,142945,111],{"class":110},[68,142947,115],{"class":114},[68,142949,142950],{"class":118},"abcdef",[68,142952,122],{"class":114},[68,142954,142955],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,142956,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,142958,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,142960,129],{"class":128},[68,142962,79],{"class":78},[68,142964,1367],{"class":138},[68,142966,236],{"class":78},[68,142968,141437],{"class":138},[68,142970,79],{"class":78},[68,142972,344],{"class":114},[68,142974,142975],{"class":118},"cd",[68,142977,344],{"class":114},[68,142979,472],{"class":78},[68,142981,475],{"class":160},[68,142983,1636],{"class":78},[68,142985,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,142987,142989],{"id":142988},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142991,142992],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142994,16676],{},[59,142996,142998],{"className":61,"code":142997,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142999,143000],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143001,143002],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143003,142997],{"class":3708},[20,143005,16688],{},[59,143007,143009],{"className":61,"code":143008,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143010,143011,143023],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143012,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143014,1345],{"class":106},[68,143016,111],{"class":110},[68,143018,115],{"class":114},[68,143020,7334],{"class":118},[68,143022,122],{"class":114},[68,143024,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143050,143052,143054],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143026,129],{"class":128},[68,143028,79],{"class":78},[68,143030,1367],{"class":138},[68,143032,236],{"class":78},[68,143034,141437],{"class":138},[68,143036,5552],{"class":78},[68,143038,344],{"class":114},[68,143040,141548],{"class":118},[68,143042,344],{"class":114},[68,143044,472],{"class":78},[68,143046,115],{"class":114},[68,143048,143049],{"class":118},"Ja",[68,143051,344],{"class":114},[68,143053,51106],{"class":78},[68,143055,3709],{"class":3708},[20,143057,32117],{},[59,143059,143061],{"className":61,"code":143060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143062,143063,143073,143087,143109,143135],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143064,143065,143067,143069,143071],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143066,129],{"class":128},[68,143068,79],{"class":78},[68,143070,1367],{"class":138},[68,143072,85],{"class":78},[68,143074,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083,143085],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143076,129],{"class":128},[68,143078,79],{"class":78},[68,143080,75],{"class":74},[68,143082,79],{"class":78},[68,143084,1367],{"class":138},[68,143086,142],{"class":78},[68,143088,143089,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105,143107],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143090,129],{"class":128},[68,143092,79],{"class":78},[68,143094,1367],{"class":138},[68,143096,236],{"class":78},[68,143098,141437],{"class":138},[68,143100,79],{"class":78},[68,143102,344],{"class":114},[68,143104,141548],{"class":118},[68,143106,344],{"class":114},[68,143108,142],{"class":78},[68,143110,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,143112,129],{"class":128},[68,143114,79],{"class":78},[68,143116,1367],{"class":138},[68,143118,236],{"class":78},[68,143120,8674],{"class":138},[68,143122,8671],{"class":78},[68,143124,141437],{"class":138},[68,143126,79],{"class":78},[68,143128,344],{"class":114},[68,143130,128807],{"class":118},[68,143132,344],{"class":114},[68,143134,142],{"class":78},[68,143136,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,143138,129],{"class":128},[68,143140,79],{"class":78},[68,143142,1367],{"class":138},[68,143144,236],{"class":78},[68,143146,141437],{"class":138},[68,143148,5552],{"class":78},[68,143150,344],{"class":114},[68,143152,141548],{"class":118},[68,143154,344],{"class":114},[68,143156,472],{"class":78},[68,143158,115],{"class":114},[68,143160,143049],{"class":118},[68,143162,344],{"class":114},[68,143164,2970],{"class":78},[93,143166,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,143168,12736,143170,128207],{"id":143169},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143171,127729],{},[20,143173,143174,143175,384,143177,236],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143176,290],{},[15,143178,293],{},[1470,143180,1939,143182,143184],{"id":143181},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143183,127729],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143186,143187],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[59,143189,143191],{"className":61,"code":143190,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143192,143193],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143194,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143196,1367],{"class":106},[68,143198,236],{"class":78},[68,143200,141437],{"class":138},[68,143202,5552],{"class":78},[68,143204,344],{"class":114},[68,143206,49],{"class":118},[68,143208,344],{"class":114},[68,143210,472],{"class":78},[68,143212,115],{"class":114},[68,143214,4806],{"class":118},[68,143216,344],{"class":114},[68,143218,142],{"class":78},[1470,143220,1900,143222,124698],{"id":143221},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143223,127729],{},[20,143225,129890],{},[1470,143227,5221,143229,232,143231,1906],{"id":143228},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143230,127729],{},[15,143232,3927],{},[20,143234,143235,143237,143238,143240],{},[15,143236,127729],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143239,3927],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1470,143242,28363,143244,232,143246,8739,143248,1906],{"id":143243},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143245,36104],{},[15,143247,52676],{},[15,143249,127729],{},[20,143251,143252],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[93,143254,1952],{"id":1951},[33,143256,143257,143263,143269,143275,143279],{},[36,143258,143259],{},[49,143260,126361,143261,10770],{"href":129955},[15,143262,126419],{},[36,143264,143265],{},[49,143266,126361,143267,10770],{"href":124372},[15,143268,124357],{},[36,143270,143271],{},[49,143272,126361,143273,10770],{"href":124089},[15,143274,124092],{},[36,143276,143277],{},[49,143278,124761],{"href":123617},[36,143280,143281],{},[49,143282,125116],{"href":50990},[1995,143284,143285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":143287},[143288,143290,143291,143297,143298,143300,143301,143302,143304,143314,143326],{"id":141483,"depth":125,"text":143289},"What startswith() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":141762,"depth":125,"text":141763,"children":143292},[143293,143294,143295,143296],{"id":141600,"depth":145,"text":141600},{"id":36104,"depth":145,"text":36104},{"id":52676,"depth":145,"text":52676},{"id":141929,"depth":145,"text":141930},{"id":17450,"depth":125,"text":17451},{"id":142107,"depth":125,"text":143299},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142261,"depth":125,"text":142262},{"id":124008,"depth":125,"text":124009},{"id":142563,"depth":125,"text":143303},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":143305},[143306,143307,143309,143311,143313],{"id":142669,"depth":145,"text":138801},{"id":142752,"depth":145,"text":143308},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142832,"depth":145,"text":143310},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142924,"depth":145,"text":143312},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142988,"depth":145,"text":142989},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":143315},[143316,143318,143320,143322,143324],{"id":143169,"depth":145,"text":143317},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143181,"depth":145,"text":143319},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143221,"depth":145,"text":143321},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143228,"depth":145,"text":143323},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143243,"depth":145,"text":143325},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141383,"description":143327},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143334,"title":143335,"body":143336,"description":144789,"extension":2033,"meta":144790,"navigation":148,"path":144791,"seo":144792,"stem":144793,"__hash__":144794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143337,"toc":144759},[143338,143343,143348,143351,143353,143397,143399,143407,143412,143417,143422,143424,143442,143444,143490,143492,143506,143515,143519,143521,143523,143535,143540,143543,143575,143577,143586,143591,143594,143635,143637,143645,143647,143660,143666,143670,143673,143689,143691,143740,143742,143751,143754,143813,143815,143824,143831,143834,143887,143889,143913,143920,143926,143930,143936,143939,143950,143952,143992,143994,144002,144004,144044,144046,144055,144057,144075,144078,144085,144096,144099,144116,144118,144195,144197,144228,144231,144233,144236,144262,144264,144304,144306,144315,144325,144333,144341,144346,144351,144353,144367,144369,144420,144422,144431,144441,144443,144445,144467,144470,144549,144551,144587,144589,144664,144669,144671,144677,144682,144687,144690,144696,144699,144706,144714,144718,144726,144728,144756],[10,143339,123362,143341,11352],{"id":143340},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143342,41685],{},[20,143344,22,143345,143347],{},[15,143346,41685],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143349,143350],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[93,143352,96],{"id":95},[59,143354,143356],{"className":61,"code":143355,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143357,143358,143371,143386],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143359,143360,143362,143364,143366,143369],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143361,1345],{"class":106},[68,143363,111],{"class":110},[68,143365,115],{"class":114},[68,143367,143368],{"class":118},"  hello  ",[68,143370,122],{"class":114},[68,143372,143373,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143374,143375],{"class":106},"clean_text ",[68,143377,111],{"class":110},[68,143379,42870],{"class":106},[68,143381,236],{"class":78},[68,143383,8668],{"class":138},[68,143385,8677],{"class":78},[68,143387,143388,143390,143392,143395],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143389,129],{"class":128},[68,143391,79],{"class":78},[68,143393,143394],{"class":138},"clean_text",[68,143396,85],{"class":78},[20,143398,180],{},[59,143400,143401],{"className":61,"code":138676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,143402,143403],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143404,143405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143406,138676],{"class":106},[20,143408,224,143409,143411],{},[15,143410,41685],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[93,143413,3722,143415,3725],{"id":143414},"what-strip-does",[15,143416,41685],{},[20,143418,143419,143421],{},[15,143420,41685],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143423,13084],{},[33,143425,143426,143430,143433,143436,143439],{},[36,143427,143428,131711],{},[15,143429,41685],{},[36,143431,143432],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,143434,143435],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,143437,143438],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,143440,143441],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143443,326],{},[59,143445,143447],{"className":61,"code":143446,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143448,143449,143462,143466,143480],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143450,143451,143453,143455,143457,143460],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143452,1345],{"class":106},[68,143454,111],{"class":110},[68,143456,115],{"class":114},[68,143458,143459],{"class":118},"  hello world  ",[68,143461,122],{"class":114},[68,143463,143464],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143465,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,143467,143468,143470,143472,143474,143476,143478],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143469,129],{"class":128},[68,143471,79],{"class":78},[68,143473,1367],{"class":138},[68,143475,236],{"class":78},[68,143477,8668],{"class":138},[68,143479,7231],{"class":78},[68,143481,143482,143484,143486,143488],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,143483,129],{"class":128},[68,143485,79],{"class":78},[68,143487,1367],{"class":138},[68,143489,85],{"class":78},[20,143491,180],{},[59,143493,143495],{"className":61,"code":143494,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143496,143497,143501],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143498,143499],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143500,134377],{"class":106},[68,143502,143503],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143504,143505],{"class":106},"  hello world\n",[20,143507,143508,143509,143511,143512,143514],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143510,41685],{},", but the original ",[15,143513,1367],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143516,125113,143517,236],{},[49,143518,125116],{"href":50990},[93,143520,303],{"id":302},[20,143522,26521],{},[33,143524,143525,143530],{},[36,143526,143527],{},[15,143528,143529],{},"string.strip()",[36,143531,143532],{},[15,143533,143534],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1470,143536,143538],{"id":143537},"stringstrip",[15,143539,143529],{},[20,143541,143542],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[59,143544,143546],{"className":61,"code":143545,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143547,143548,143561],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143549,143550,143552,143554,143556,143559],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143551,107],{"class":106},[68,143553,111],{"class":110},[68,143555,115],{"class":114},[68,143557,143558],{"class":118},"  Alice  ",[68,143560,122],{"class":114},[68,143562,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143564,129],{"class":128},[68,143566,79],{"class":78},[68,143568,139],{"class":138},[68,143570,236],{"class":78},[68,143572,8668],{"class":138},[68,143574,7231],{"class":78},[20,143576,180],{},[59,143578,143580],{"className":61,"code":143579,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Alice\n",[15,143581,143582],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143583,143584],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143585,143579],{"class":106},[1470,143587,143589],{"id":143588},"stringstripchars",[15,143590,143534],{},[20,143592,143593],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[59,143595,143597],{"className":61,"code":143596,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143598,143599,143612],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143600,143601,143603,143605,143607,143610],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143602,1345],{"class":106},[68,143604,111],{"class":110},[68,143606,115],{"class":114},[68,143608,143609],{"class":118},"!!hello??",[68,143611,122],{"class":114},[68,143613,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628,143631,143633],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143615,129],{"class":128},[68,143617,79],{"class":78},[68,143619,1367],{"class":138},[68,143621,236],{"class":78},[68,143623,8668],{"class":138},[68,143625,79],{"class":78},[68,143627,344],{"class":114},[68,143629,143630],{"class":118},"!?",[68,143632,344],{"class":114},[68,143634,142],{"class":78},[20,143636,180],{},[59,143638,143639],{"className":61,"code":138676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,143640,143641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143642,143643],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143644,138676],{"class":106},[20,143646,83834],{},[33,143648,143649,143654],{},[36,143650,143651,143653],{},[15,143652,134620],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,143655,143656,143657,143659],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143658,134620],{}," does not matter",[93,143661,143663,143664],{"id":143662},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143665,41685],{},[20,143667,30919,143668,236],{},[15,143669,41685],{},[20,143671,143672],{},"It is useful for:",[33,143674,143675,143680,143683,143686],{},[36,143676,143677,143678,3930],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143679,54],{},[36,143681,143682],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,143684,143685],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,143687,143688],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143690,48381],{},[59,143692,143694],{"className":61,"code":143693,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143695,143696,143709,143725,143729],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143697,143698,143700,143702,143704,143707],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143699,7999],{"class":106},[68,143701,111],{"class":110},[68,143703,115],{"class":114},[68,143705,143706],{"class":118},"  sam  ",[68,143708,122],{"class":114},[68,143710,143711,143714,143716,143719,143721,143723],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143712,143713],{"class":106},"clean_username ",[68,143715,111],{"class":110},[68,143717,143718],{"class":106}," username",[68,143720,236],{"class":78},[68,143722,8668],{"class":138},[68,143724,8677],{"class":78},[68,143726,143727],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143728,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,143730,143731,143733,143735,143738],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,143732,129],{"class":128},[68,143734,79],{"class":78},[68,143736,143737],{"class":138},"clean_username",[68,143739,85],{"class":78},[20,143741,180],{},[59,143743,143745],{"className":61,"code":143744,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"sam\n",[15,143746,143747],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143748,143749],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143750,143744],{"class":106},[20,143752,143753],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[59,143755,143757],{"className":61,"code":143756,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143758,143759,143772,143776,143798],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143760,143761,143763,143765,143767,143770],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143762,136604],{"class":106},[68,143764,111],{"class":110},[68,143766,115],{"class":114},[68,143768,143769],{"class":118}," yes  ",[68,143771,122],{"class":114},[68,143773,143774],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143775,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792,143794,143796],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143779,1099],{"class":1098},[68,143781,136624],{"class":106},[68,143783,236],{"class":78},[68,143785,8668],{"class":138},[68,143787,7403],{"class":78},[68,143789,1639],{"class":110},[68,143791,115],{"class":114},[68,143793,8692],{"class":118},[68,143795,344],{"class":114},[68,143797,1648],{"class":78},[68,143799,143800,143802,143804,143806,143809,143811],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,143801,1118],{"class":128},[68,143803,79],{"class":78},[68,143805,344],{"class":114},[68,143807,143808],{"class":118},"Matched",[68,143810,344],{"class":114},[68,143812,85],{"class":78},[20,143814,180],{},[59,143816,143818],{"className":61,"code":143817,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Matched\n",[15,143819,143820],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143821,143822],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143823,143817],{"class":106},[20,143825,143826,143827,236],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[49,143828,143830],{"href":143829},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143832,143833],{},"Example with file-style text:",[59,143835,143837],{"className":61,"code":143836,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143838,143839,143855,143869],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143840,143841,143844,143846,143848,143851,143853],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143842,143843],{"class":106},"line ",[68,143845,111],{"class":110},[68,143847,115],{"class":114},[68,143849,143850],{"class":118},"Python basics",[68,143852,87166],{"class":34486},[68,143854,122],{"class":114},[68,143856,143857,143859,143861,143863,143865,143867],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143858,129],{"class":128},[68,143860,79],{"class":78},[68,143862,1839],{"class":128},[68,143864,79],{"class":78},[68,143866,70],{"class":138},[68,143868,142],{"class":78},[68,143870,143871,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,143872,129],{"class":128},[68,143874,79],{"class":78},[68,143876,1839],{"class":128},[68,143878,79],{"class":78},[68,143880,70],{"class":138},[68,143882,236],{"class":78},[68,143884,8668],{"class":138},[68,143886,6331],{"class":78},[20,143888,180],{},[59,143890,143892],{"className":61,"code":143891,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143893,143894,143905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143895,143896,143898,143900,143903],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143897,203],{"class":43357},[68,143899,143850],{"class":43361},[68,143901,87166],{"class":143902},"sfi6f",[68,143904,29734],{"class":43357},[68,143906,143907,143909,143911],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143908,203],{"class":43357},[68,143910,143850],{"class":43361},[68,143912,29734],{"class":43357},[20,143914,633,143915,143917,143918,236],{},[15,143916,122579],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143919,87166],{},[20,143921,143922,143923,236],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[49,143924,143925],{"href":87819},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[93,143927,143929],{"id":143928},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143931,143932,143933,236],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143934,143935],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143937,143938],{},"Python will:",[33,143940,143941,143944,143947],{},[36,143942,143943],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,143945,143946],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,143948,143949],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143951,326],{},[59,143953,143955],{"className":61,"code":143954,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143956,143957,143970],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143958,143959,143961,143963,143965,143968],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,143960,1345],{"class":106},[68,143962,111],{"class":110},[68,143964,115],{"class":114},[68,143966,143967],{"class":118},"??hello!!",[68,143969,122],{"class":114},[68,143971,143972,143974,143976,143978,143980,143982,143984,143986,143988,143990],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,143973,129],{"class":128},[68,143975,79],{"class":78},[68,143977,1367],{"class":138},[68,143979,236],{"class":78},[68,143981,8668],{"class":138},[68,143983,79],{"class":78},[68,143985,344],{"class":114},[68,143987,143630],{"class":118},[68,143989,344],{"class":114},[68,143991,142],{"class":78},[20,143993,180],{},[59,143995,143996],{"className":61,"code":138676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,143997,143998],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,143999,144000],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144001,138676],{"class":106},[20,144003,52095],{},[59,144005,144007],{"className":61,"code":144006,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144008,144009,144022],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144010,144011,144013,144015,144017,144020],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144012,1345],{"class":106},[68,144014,111],{"class":110},[68,144016,115],{"class":114},[68,144018,144019],{"class":118},"abcHelloCba",[68,144021,122],{"class":114},[68,144023,144024,144026,144028,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038,144040,144042],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144025,129],{"class":128},[68,144027,79],{"class":78},[68,144029,1367],{"class":138},[68,144031,236],{"class":78},[68,144033,8668],{"class":138},[68,144035,79],{"class":78},[68,144037,344],{"class":114},[68,144039,41592],{"class":118},[68,144041,344],{"class":114},[68,144043,142],{"class":78},[20,144045,180],{},[59,144047,144049],{"className":61,"code":144048,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"HelloC\n",[15,144050,144051],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144052,144053],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144054,144048],{"class":106},[20,144056,6276],{},[20,144058,144059,14086,144062,144064,144065,144067,144068,1448,144070,1891,144072,144074],{},[15,144060,144061],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1301,144063,1303],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144066,41592],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144069,49],{},[15,144071,4806],{},[15,144073,9769],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144076,144077],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144079,144080,144081,6670],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[49,144082,144083],{"href":129942},[15,144084,124533],{},[93,144086,144088,969,144090,969,144093],{"id":144087},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144089,41685],{},[15,144091,144092],{},"lstrip()",[15,144094,144095],{},"rstrip()",[20,144097,144098],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,144100,144101,144106,144111],{},[36,144102,144103,144105],{},[15,144104,41685],{}," removes from both ends",[36,144107,144108,144110],{},[15,144109,144092],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,144112,144113,144115],{},[15,144114,144095],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144117,326],{},[59,144119,144121],{"className":61,"code":144120,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144122,144123,144135,144139,144157,144176],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144124,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144126,1345],{"class":106},[68,144128,111],{"class":110},[68,144130,115],{"class":114},[68,144132,143368],{"class":118},[68,144134,122],{"class":114},[68,144136,144137],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144138,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,144140,144141,144143,144145,144147,144149,144151,144153,144155],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144142,129],{"class":128},[68,144144,79],{"class":78},[68,144146,1839],{"class":128},[68,144148,79],{"class":78},[68,144150,1367],{"class":138},[68,144152,236],{"class":78},[68,144154,8668],{"class":138},[68,144156,6331],{"class":78},[68,144158,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169,144171,144174],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144160,129],{"class":128},[68,144162,79],{"class":78},[68,144164,1839],{"class":128},[68,144166,79],{"class":78},[68,144168,1367],{"class":138},[68,144170,236],{"class":78},[68,144172,144173],{"class":138},"lstrip",[68,144175,6331],{"class":78},[68,144177,144178,144180,144182,144184,144186,144188,144190,144193],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,144179,129],{"class":128},[68,144181,79],{"class":78},[68,144183,1839],{"class":128},[68,144185,79],{"class":78},[68,144187,1367],{"class":138},[68,144189,236],{"class":78},[68,144191,144192],{"class":138},"rstrip",[68,144194,6331],{"class":78},[20,144196,180],{},[59,144198,144200],{"className":61,"code":144199,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144201,144202,144210,144219],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144203,144204,144206,144208],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144205,203],{"class":43357},[68,144207,347],{"class":43361},[68,144209,29734],{"class":43357},[68,144211,144212,144214,144217],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144213,203],{"class":43357},[68,144215,144216],{"class":43361},"hello  ",[68,144218,29734],{"class":43357},[68,144220,144221,144223,144226],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144222,203],{"class":43357},[68,144224,144225],{"class":43361},"  hello",[68,144227,29734],{"class":43357},[20,144229,144230],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[93,144232,108375],{"id":108374},[20,144234,144235],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,144237,144238,144246,144256,144259],{},[36,144239,144240,144242,144243,144245],{},[15,144241,144061],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144244,41561],{}," once",[36,144247,144248,144249,1448,144251,1891,144253,144255],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144250,49],{},[15,144252,4806],{},[15,144254,9769],{}," from both ends",[36,144257,144258],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,144260,144261],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144263,326],{},[59,144265,144267],{"className":61,"code":144266,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144268,144269,144282],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144270,144271,144273,144275,144277,144280],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144272,126444],{"class":106},[68,144274,111],{"class":110},[68,144276,115],{"class":114},[68,144278,144279],{"class":118},"txt_report.txt",[68,144281,122],{"class":114},[68,144283,144284,144286,144288,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298,144300,144302],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144285,129],{"class":128},[68,144287,79],{"class":78},[68,144289,126462],{"class":138},[68,144291,236],{"class":78},[68,144293,8668],{"class":138},[68,144295,79],{"class":78},[68,144297,344],{"class":114},[68,144299,126497],{"class":118},[68,144301,344],{"class":114},[68,144303,142],{"class":78},[20,144305,180],{},[59,144307,144309],{"className":61,"code":144308,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"_report\n",[15,144310,144311],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144312,144313],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144314,144308],{"class":106},[20,144316,144317,144318,1448,144320,1891,144322,144324],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144319,236],{},[15,144321,63303],{},[15,144323,2245],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144326,53669,144327,4829,144330,144332],{},[15,144328,144329],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1301,144331,1303],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144334,144335,144336,144340],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[49,144337,144338],{"href":129942},[15,144339,124533],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[93,144342,1311,144344],{"id":144343},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144345,41685],{},[20,144347,224,144348,144350],{},[15,144349,41685],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144352,36458],{},[33,144354,144355,144359,144361,144364],{},[36,144356,143677,144357,3930],{},[15,144358,54],{},[36,144360,143682],{},[36,144362,144363],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,144365,144366],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144368,326],{},[59,144370,144372],{"className":61,"code":144371,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144373,144374,144388,144392,144405],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144375,144376,144379,144381,144383,144386],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144377,144378],{"class":106},"email ",[68,144380,111],{"class":110},[68,144382,115],{"class":114},[68,144384,144385],{"class":118},"  user@example.com  ",[68,144387,122],{"class":114},[68,144389,144390],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144391,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,144393,144394,144396,144399,144401,144403],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144395,1099],{"class":1098},[68,144397,144398],{"class":106}," email",[68,144400,236],{"class":78},[68,144402,8668],{"class":138},[68,144404,21630],{"class":78},[68,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413,144416,144418],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144408,1118],{"class":128},[68,144410,79],{"class":78},[68,144412,344],{"class":114},[68,144414,144415],{"class":118},"Email was entered",[68,144417,344],{"class":114},[68,144419,85],{"class":78},[20,144421,180],{},[59,144423,144425],{"className":61,"code":144424,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Email was entered\n",[15,144426,144427],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144428,144429],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144430,144424],{"class":106},[20,144432,144433,144434,144436,144437,236],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144435,41685],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[49,144438,144439],{"href":124089},[15,144440,124092],{},[93,144442,1750],{"id":1749},[20,144444,84253],{},[33,144446,144447,144451,144456,144461],{},[36,144448,1770,144449,131581],{},[15,144450,41685],{},[36,144452,1770,144453,144455],{},[15,144454,41685],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,144457,633,144458,144460],{},[15,144459,144329],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,144462,4749,144463,144466],{},[15,144464,144465],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144468,144469],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[59,144471,144473],{"className":61,"code":144472,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144474,144475,144489,144493,144503,144517,144531],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144476,144477,144479,144481,144483,144485,144487],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144478,1345],{"class":106},[68,144480,111],{"class":110},[68,144482,115],{"class":114},[68,144484,144225],{"class":118},[68,144486,87166],{"class":34486},[68,144488,122],{"class":114},[68,144490,144491],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144492,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144496,129],{"class":128},[68,144498,79],{"class":78},[68,144500,1367],{"class":138},[68,144502,85],{"class":78},[68,144504,144505,144507,144509,144511,144513,144515],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144506,129],{"class":128},[68,144508,79],{"class":78},[68,144510,1839],{"class":128},[68,144512,79],{"class":78},[68,144514,1367],{"class":138},[68,144516,142],{"class":78},[68,144518,144519,144521,144523,144525,144527,144529],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,144520,129],{"class":128},[68,144522,79],{"class":78},[68,144524,1367],{"class":138},[68,144526,236],{"class":78},[68,144528,8668],{"class":138},[68,144530,7231],{"class":78},[68,144532,144533,144535,144537,144539,144541,144543,144545,144547],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,144534,129],{"class":128},[68,144536,79],{"class":78},[68,144538,1839],{"class":128},[68,144540,79],{"class":78},[68,144542,1367],{"class":138},[68,144544,236],{"class":78},[68,144546,8668],{"class":138},[68,144548,6331],{"class":78},[20,144550,180],{},[59,144552,144554],{"className":61,"code":144553,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144555,144556,144561,144565,144575,144579],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144557,144558],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144559,144560],{"class":106},"  hello\n",[68,144562,144563],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144564,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,144566,144567,144569,144571,144573],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144568,203],{"class":43357},[68,144570,144225],{"class":43361},[68,144572,87166],{"class":143902},[68,144574,29734],{"class":43357},[68,144576,144577],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144578,138676],{"class":106},[68,144580,144581,144583,144585],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,144582,203],{"class":43357},[68,144584,347],{"class":43361},[68,144586,29734],{"class":43357},[20,144588,1801],{},[59,144590,144592],{"className":61,"code":144591,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144593,144594,144604,144618,144632,144650],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144597,129],{"class":128},[68,144599,79],{"class":78},[68,144601,1367],{"class":138},[68,144603,85],{"class":78},[68,144605,144606,144608,144610,144612,144614,144616],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144607,129],{"class":128},[68,144609,79],{"class":78},[68,144611,1839],{"class":128},[68,144613,79],{"class":78},[68,144615,1367],{"class":138},[68,144617,142],{"class":78},[68,144619,144620,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144621,129],{"class":128},[68,144623,79],{"class":78},[68,144625,1367],{"class":138},[68,144627,236],{"class":78},[68,144629,8668],{"class":138},[68,144631,7231],{"class":78},[68,144633,144634,144636,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144635,129],{"class":128},[68,144637,79],{"class":78},[68,144639,1839],{"class":128},[68,144641,79],{"class":78},[68,144643,1367],{"class":138},[68,144645,236],{"class":78},[68,144647,8668],{"class":138},[68,144649,6331],{"class":78},[68,144651,144652,144654,144656,144658,144660,144662],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,144653,1850],{"class":128},[68,144655,79],{"class":78},[68,144657,200],{"class":74},[68,144659,236],{"class":78},[68,144661,8668],{"class":1267},[68,144663,85],{"class":78},[20,144665,144666,144668],{},[15,144667,122579],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[93,144670,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,144672,12736,144674,144676],{"id":144673},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144675,41685],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144678,1909,144679,144681],{},[15,144680,41685],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1470,144683,12736,144685,124689],{"id":144684},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144686,41685],{},[20,144688,144689],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1470,144691,1878,144693,144695],{"id":144692},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144694,41685],{}," remove by default?",[20,144697,144698],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1470,144700,34239,144702,34242,144704,1906],{"id":144701},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144703,41685],{},[15,144705,124533],{},[20,144707,144708,144710,144711,144713],{},[15,144709,41685],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144712,124533],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1470,144715,144717],{"id":144716},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144719,128234,144720,144722,144723,144725],{},[15,144721,144092],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144724,144095],{}," for the right side.",[93,144727,1952],{"id":1951},[33,144729,144730,144736,144742,144747,144752],{},[36,144731,144732],{},[49,144733,126361,144734,10770],{"href":124089},[15,144735,124092],{},[36,144737,144738],{},[49,144739,126361,144740,10770],{"href":129942},[15,144741,124533],{},[36,144743,144744],{},[49,144745,144746],{"href":143829},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,144748,144749],{},[49,144750,144751],{"href":87819},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144753,144754],{},[49,144755,125116],{"href":50990},[1995,144757,144758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":144760},[144761,144762,144764,144768,144770,144771,144773,144774,144776,144777,144788],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":143414,"depth":125,"text":144763},"What strip() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":144765},[144766,144767],{"id":143537,"depth":145,"text":143529},{"id":143588,"depth":145,"text":143534},{"id":143662,"depth":125,"text":144769},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143928,"depth":125,"text":143929},{"id":144087,"depth":125,"text":144772},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108374,"depth":125,"text":108375},{"id":144343,"depth":125,"text":144775},"When to use strip()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":144778},[144779,144781,144783,144785,144787],{"id":144673,"depth":145,"text":144780},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144684,"depth":145,"text":144782},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144692,"depth":145,"text":144784},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144701,"depth":145,"text":144786},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144716,"depth":145,"text":144717},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143335,"description":144789},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144796,"title":144797,"body":144798,"description":145978,"extension":2033,"meta":145979,"navigation":148,"path":145980,"seo":145981,"stem":145982,"__hash__":145983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144799,"toc":145948},[144800,144805,144810,144815,144817,144863,144871,144876,144890,144896,144898,144900,144915,144917,144927,144930,144961,144964,144987,144989,144992,145049,145051,145065,145067,145081,145087,145092,145095,145136,145138,145147,145155,145158,145203,145205,145214,145217,145221,145226,145240,145242,145274,145276,145296,145299,145304,145309,145311,145322,145325,145382,145384,145392,145401,145403,145405,145411,145413,145450,145452,145460,145462,145503,145505,145514,145519,145524,145526,145553,145560,145563,145594,145596,145605,145611,145620,145651,145653,145665,145678,145682,145687,145717,145719,145786,145788,145798,145800,145805,145808,145813,145818,145822,145828,145834,145837,145839,145897,145899,145907,145909,145945],[10,144801,123362,144803,11352],{"id":144802},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144804,128239],{},[20,144806,123367,144807,144809],{},[15,144808,128239],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144811,84630,144812,144814],{},[15,144813,128239],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[93,144816,2075],{"id":2074},[59,144818,144820],{"className":61,"code":144819,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144821,144822,144834,144848,144858],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144823,144824,144826,144828,144830,144832],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144825,1345],{"class":106},[68,144827,111],{"class":110},[68,144829,115],{"class":114},[68,144831,129080],{"class":118},[68,144833,122],{"class":114},[68,144835,144836,144838,144840,144842,144844,144846],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144837,2297],{"class":106},[68,144839,111],{"class":110},[68,144841,42870],{"class":106},[68,144843,236],{"class":78},[68,144845,34511],{"class":138},[68,144847,8677],{"class":78},[68,144849,144850,144852,144854,144856],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,144851,129],{"class":128},[68,144853,79],{"class":78},[68,144855,2331],{"class":138},[68,144857,85],{"class":78},[68,144859,144860],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,144861,144862],{"class":3708},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144864,144865,144867,144868,144870],{},[15,144866,128239],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1301,144869,1303],{}," change the original string in place.",[93,144872,3722,144874,3725],{"id":144873},"what-upper-does",[15,144875,128239],{},[33,144877,144878,144883,144886,144888],{},[36,144879,144880,144882],{},[15,144881,128239],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,144884,144885],{},"It works on string values only",[36,144887,133609],{},[36,144889,136327],{},[20,144891,125113,144892,384,144894,236],{},[49,144893,136333],{"href":136332},[49,144895,125116],{"href":50990},[93,144897,303],{"id":302},[20,144899,2231],{},[59,144901,144903],{"className":61,"code":144902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"string.upper()\n",[15,144904,144905],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144906,144907,144909,144911,144913],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144908,61191],{"class":106},[68,144910,236],{"class":78},[68,144912,34511],{"class":138},[68,144914,8677],{"class":78},[20,144916,11489],{},[33,144918,144919,144921,144924],{},[36,144920,97541],{},[36,144922,144923],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,144925,144926],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144928,144929],{},"Example with a variable:",[59,144931,144933],{"className":61,"code":144932,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144934,144935,144947],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144936,144937,144939,144941,144943,144945],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144938,107],{"class":106},[68,144940,111],{"class":110},[68,144942,115],{"class":114},[68,144944,63],{"class":118},[68,144946,122],{"class":114},[68,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,144950,129],{"class":128},[68,144952,79],{"class":78},[68,144954,139],{"class":138},[68,144956,236],{"class":78},[68,144958,34511],{"class":138},[68,144960,7231],{"class":78},[20,144962,144963],{},"Example with a string literal:",[59,144965,144967],{"className":61,"code":144966,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144968,144969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144970,144971,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,144972,129],{"class":128},[68,144974,79],{"class":78},[68,144976,344],{"class":114},[68,144978,347],{"class":118},[68,144980,344],{"class":114},[68,144982,236],{"class":78},[68,144984,34511],{"class":138},[68,144986,7231],{"class":78},[93,144988,11506],{"id":11505},[20,144990,144991],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[59,144993,144995],{"className":61,"code":144994,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144996,144997,145009,145024,145028,145038],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145000,6195],{"class":106},[68,145002,111],{"class":110},[68,145004,115],{"class":114},[68,145006,4132],{"class":118},[68,145008,122],{"class":114},[68,145010,145011,145014,145016,145018,145020,145022],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145012,145013],{"class":106},"uppercase_word ",[68,145015,111],{"class":110},[68,145017,38415],{"class":106},[68,145019,236],{"class":78},[68,145021,34511],{"class":138},[68,145023,8677],{"class":78},[68,145025,145026],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145027,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145029,145030,145032,145034,145036],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145031,129],{"class":128},[68,145033,79],{"class":78},[68,145035,38425],{"class":138},[68,145037,85],{"class":78},[68,145039,145040,145042,145044,145047],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,145041,129],{"class":128},[68,145043,79],{"class":78},[68,145045,145046],{"class":138},"uppercase_word",[68,145048,85],{"class":78},[20,145050,180],{},[59,145052,145054],{"className":61,"code":145053,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145055,145056,145060],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145057,145058],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145059,70420],{"class":106},[68,145061,145062],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145063,145064],{"class":34486},"BANANA\n",[20,145066,112481],{},[33,145068,145069,145074],{},[36,145070,145071,145073],{},[15,145072,38425],{}," keeps its original value",[36,145075,145076,145078,145079],{},[15,145077,145046],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145080,128239],{},[93,145082,145084,145086],{"id":145083},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145085,128239],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145088,136993,145089,145091],{},[1301,145090,136996],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145093,145094],{},"So this method:",[59,145096,145098],{"className":61,"code":145097,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145099,145100,145112,145122,145126],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145101,145102,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145103,107],{"class":106},[68,145105,111],{"class":110},[68,145107,115],{"class":114},[68,145109,17836],{"class":118},[68,145111,122],{"class":114},[68,145113,145114,145116,145118,145120],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145115,139],{"class":106},[68,145117,236],{"class":78},[68,145119,34511],{"class":138},[68,145121,8677],{"class":78},[68,145123,145124],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145125,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145127,145128,145130,145132,145134],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145129,129],{"class":128},[68,145131,79],{"class":78},[68,145133,139],{"class":138},[68,145135,85],{"class":78},[20,145137,180],{},[59,145139,145141],{"className":61,"code":145140,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"alice\n",[15,145142,145143],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145144,145145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145146,145140],{"class":106},[20,145148,21012,145149,145151,145152,145154],{},[15,145150,128239],{}," was called, ",[15,145153,139],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145156,145157],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[59,145159,145161],{"className":61,"code":145160,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145162,145163,145175,145189,145193],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145164,145165,145167,145169,145171,145173],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145166,107],{"class":106},[68,145168,111],{"class":110},[68,145170,115],{"class":114},[68,145172,17836],{"class":118},[68,145174,122],{"class":114},[68,145176,145177,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145178,107],{"class":106},[68,145180,111],{"class":110},[68,145182,36023],{"class":106},[68,145184,236],{"class":78},[68,145186,34511],{"class":138},[68,145188,8677],{"class":78},[68,145190,145191],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145192,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145194,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145196,129],{"class":128},[68,145198,79],{"class":78},[68,145200,139],{"class":138},[68,145202,85],{"class":78},[20,145204,180],{},[59,145206,145208],{"className":61,"code":145207,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ALICE\n",[15,145209,145210],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145211,145212],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145213,145207],{"class":34486},[20,145215,145216],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[93,145218,145220],{"id":145219},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145222,145223,145225],{},[15,145224,128239],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,145227,145228,145231,145234,145237],{},[36,145229,145230],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,145232,145233],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,145235,145236],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,145238,145239],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145241,326],{},[59,145243,145245],{"className":61,"code":145244,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145246,145247,145260],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145248,145249,145251,145253,145255,145258],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145250,1345],{"class":106},[68,145252,111],{"class":110},[68,145254,115],{"class":114},[68,145256,145257],{"class":118},"Room 7, table #3!",[68,145259,122],{"class":114},[68,145261,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145263,129],{"class":128},[68,145265,79],{"class":78},[68,145267,1367],{"class":138},[68,145269,236],{"class":78},[68,145271,34511],{"class":138},[68,145273,7231],{"class":78},[20,145275,180],{},[59,145277,145279],{"className":61,"code":145278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145280,145281],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145282,145283,145286,145288,145290,145293],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145284,145285],{"class":34486},"ROOM",[68,145287,6034],{"class":160},[68,145289,472],{"class":78},[68,145291,145292],{"class":34486}," TABLE",[68,145294,145295],{"class":3708}," #3!\n",[20,145297,145298],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[93,145300,1311,145302],{"id":145301},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145303,128239],{},[20,145305,145306,145308],{},[15,145307,128239],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145310,48359],{},[33,145312,145313,145316,145319],{},[36,145314,145315],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,145317,145318],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,145320,145321],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145323,145324],{},"Example: simple comparison",[59,145326,145328],{"className":61,"code":145327,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145329,145330,145342,145346,145368],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145331,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145333,136604],{"class":106},[68,145335,111],{"class":110},[68,145337,115],{"class":114},[68,145339,8692],{"class":118},[68,145341,122],{"class":114},[68,145343,145344],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145345,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145347,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145349,1099],{"class":1098},[68,145351,136624],{"class":106},[68,145353,236],{"class":78},[68,145355,34511],{"class":138},[68,145357,7403],{"class":78},[68,145359,1639],{"class":110},[68,145361,115],{"class":114},[68,145363,136611],{"class":118},[68,145365,344],{"class":114},[68,145367,1648],{"class":78},[68,145369,145370,145372,145374,145376,145378,145380],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145371,1118],{"class":128},[68,145373,79],{"class":78},[68,145375,344],{"class":114},[68,145377,143808],{"class":118},[68,145379,344],{"class":114},[68,145381,85],{"class":78},[20,145383,180],{},[59,145385,145386],{"className":61,"code":143817,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,145387,145388],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145389,145390],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145391,143817],{"class":106},[20,145393,145394,145395,1448,145397,1891,145399,236],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145396,8692],{},[15,145398,137397],{},[15,145400,136611],{},[93,145402,1750],{"id":1749},[1470,145404,95902],{"id":95901},[20,145406,8153,145407,145410],{},[15,145408,145409],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145412,16676],{},[59,145414,145416],{"className":61,"code":145415,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145417,145418,145430,145440],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145419,145420,145422,145424,145426,145428],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145421,1345],{"class":106},[68,145423,111],{"class":110},[68,145425,115],{"class":114},[68,145427,347],{"class":118},[68,145429,122],{"class":114},[68,145431,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145433,1367],{"class":106},[68,145435,236],{"class":78},[68,145437,34511],{"class":138},[68,145439,8677],{"class":78},[68,145441,145442,145444,145446,145448],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145443,129],{"class":128},[68,145445,79],{"class":78},[68,145447,1367],{"class":138},[68,145449,85],{"class":78},[20,145451,180],{},[59,145453,145454],{"className":61,"code":138676,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,145455,145456],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145457,145458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145459,138676],{"class":106},[20,145461,16688],{},[59,145463,145465],{"className":61,"code":145464,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145466,145467,145479,145493],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145468,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145470,1345],{"class":106},[68,145472,111],{"class":110},[68,145474,115],{"class":114},[68,145476,347],{"class":118},[68,145478,122],{"class":114},[68,145480,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145482,1345],{"class":106},[68,145484,111],{"class":110},[68,145486,42870],{"class":106},[68,145488,236],{"class":78},[68,145490,34511],{"class":138},[68,145492,8677],{"class":78},[68,145494,145495,145497,145499,145501],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145496,129],{"class":128},[68,145498,79],{"class":78},[68,145500,1367],{"class":138},[68,145502,85],{"class":78},[20,145504,180],{},[59,145506,145508],{"className":61,"code":145507,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"HELLO\n",[15,145509,145510],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145511,145512],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145513,145507],{"class":34486},[1470,145515,18941,145517,137283],{"id":145516},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145518,128239],{},[20,145520,145521,145523],{},[15,145522,128239],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145525,326],{},[59,145527,145529],{"className":61,"code":145528,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145530,145531,145539],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145532,145533,145535,145537],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145534,155],{"class":106},[68,145536,111],{"class":110},[68,145538,125044],{"class":160},[68,145540,145541,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145542,129],{"class":128},[68,145544,79],{"class":78},[68,145546,175],{"class":138},[68,145548,236],{"class":78},[68,145550,34511],{"class":138},[68,145552,7231],{"class":78},[20,145554,39688,145555,145557,145558,33634],{},[15,145556,217],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145559,128239],{},[20,145561,145562],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[59,145564,145566],{"className":61,"code":145565,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145567,145568,145576],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145569,145570,145572,145574],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145571,155],{"class":106},[68,145573,111],{"class":110},[68,145575,125044],{"class":160},[68,145577,145578,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145579,129],{"class":128},[68,145581,79],{"class":78},[68,145583,200],{"class":74},[68,145585,79],{"class":78},[68,145587,175],{"class":138},[68,145589,8665],{"class":78},[68,145591,34511],{"class":138},[68,145593,7231],{"class":78},[20,145595,180],{},[59,145597,145599],{"className":61,"code":145598,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"123\n",[15,145600,145601],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145602,145603],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145604,145598],{"class":160},[1470,145606,37237,145608,145610],{"id":145607},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145609,128239],{}," with title case",[20,145612,145613,145615,145616,145619],{},[15,145614,128239],{}," makes ",[1301,145617,145618],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[59,145621,145623],{"className":61,"code":145622,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145624,145625,145637],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145626,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145628,1345],{"class":106},[68,145630,111],{"class":110},[68,145632,115],{"class":114},[68,145634,60423],{"class":118},[68,145636,122],{"class":114},[68,145638,145639,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145640,129],{"class":128},[68,145642,79],{"class":78},[68,145644,1367],{"class":138},[68,145646,236],{"class":78},[68,145648,34511],{"class":138},[68,145650,7231],{"class":78},[20,145652,180],{},[59,145654,145656],{"className":61,"code":145655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145657,145658],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145659,145660,145662],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145661,136385],{"class":34486},[68,145663,145664],{"class":34486}," WORLD\n",[20,145666,145667,145668,145672,145673,145677],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[49,145669,145670],{"href":124089},[15,145671,124092],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[49,145674,145675],{"href":129942},[15,145676,124533],{}," changes parts of a string.",[93,145679,145681],{"id":145680},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145683,145684,145685,503],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145686,128239],{},[33,145688,145689,145696,145703,145710],{},[36,145690,145691,145695],{},[49,145692,145693],{"href":124089},[15,145694,124092],{}," for lowercase text",[36,145697,145698,145702],{},[49,145699,145700],{"href":136931},[15,145701,41685],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,145704,145705,145709],{},[49,145706,145707],{"href":129942},[15,145708,124533],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,145711,145712,232,145714,145716],{},[15,145713,127729],{},[15,145715,126419],{}," for checks",[20,145718,326],{},[59,145720,145722],{"className":61,"code":145721,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145723,145724,145736,145740,145755,145771,145775],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145725,145726,145728,145730,145732,145734],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145727,1345],{"class":106},[68,145729,111],{"class":110},[68,145731,115],{"class":114},[68,145733,143459],{"class":118},[68,145735,122],{"class":114},[68,145737,145738],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145739,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145741,145742,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145743,145744],{"class":106},"cleaned ",[68,145746,111],{"class":110},[68,145748,42870],{"class":106},[68,145750,236],{"class":78},[68,145752,8668],{"class":138},[68,145754,8677],{"class":78},[68,145756,145757,145760,145762,145765,145767,145769],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145758,145759],{"class":106},"loud ",[68,145761,111],{"class":110},[68,145763,145764],{"class":106}," cleaned",[68,145766,236],{"class":78},[68,145768,34511],{"class":138},[68,145770,8677],{"class":78},[68,145772,145773],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,145774,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145776,145777,145779,145781,145784],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,145778,129],{"class":128},[68,145780,79],{"class":78},[68,145782,145783],{"class":138},"loud",[68,145785,85],{"class":78},[20,145787,180],{},[59,145789,145790],{"className":61,"code":145655,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,145791,145792],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145793,145794,145796],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145795,136385],{"class":34486},[68,145797,145664],{"class":34486},[93,145799,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,145801,12736,145803,124689],{"id":145802},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145804,128239],{},[20,145806,145807],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1470,145809,12736,145811,137665],{"id":145810},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145812,128239],{},[20,145814,145815,145816,236],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145817,145409],{},[1470,145819,145821],{"id":145820},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145823,145824,145825,145827],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145826,128239],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1470,145829,28363,145831,145833],{"id":145830},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145832,128239],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145835,145836],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145838,326],{},[59,145840,145842],{"className":61,"code":145841,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145843,145844,145856,145869,145873],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145845,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145847,2618],{"class":106},[68,145849,111],{"class":110},[68,145851,115],{"class":114},[68,145853,63],{"class":118},[68,145855,122],{"class":114},[68,145857,145858,145860,145862,145864,145867],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,145859,2646],{"class":106},[68,145861,111],{"class":110},[68,145863,115],{"class":114},[68,145865,145866],{"class":118},"PYTHON",[68,145868,122],{"class":114},[68,145870,145871],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,145872,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,145874,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,145876,129],{"class":128},[68,145878,79],{"class":78},[68,145880,49],{"class":138},[68,145882,236],{"class":78},[68,145884,34511],{"class":138},[68,145886,7403],{"class":78},[68,145888,1639],{"class":110},[68,145890,2623],{"class":138},[68,145892,236],{"class":78},[68,145894,34511],{"class":138},[68,145896,7231],{"class":78},[20,145898,180],{},[59,145900,145901],{"className":61,"code":1070,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,145902,145903],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,145904,145905],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,145906,1070],{"class":526},[93,145908,1952],{"id":1951},[33,145910,145911,145915,145921,145927,145933,145937,145941],{},[36,145912,145913],{},[49,145914,125116],{"href":50990},[36,145916,145917],{},[49,145918,126361,145919,10770],{"href":124089},[15,145920,124092],{},[36,145922,145923],{},[49,145924,126361,145925,10770],{"href":136931},[15,145926,41685],{},[36,145928,145929],{},[49,145930,126361,145931,10770],{"href":129942},[15,145932,124533],{},[36,145934,145935],{},[49,145936,90696],{"href":89705},[36,145938,145939],{},[49,145940,124761],{"href":123617},[36,145942,145943],{},[49,145944,137751],{"href":136332},[1995,145946,145947],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":145949},[145950,145951,145953,145954,145955,145957,145958,145960,145967,145968,145977],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":144873,"depth":125,"text":145952},"What upper() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":145083,"depth":125,"text":145956},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145219,"depth":125,"text":145220},{"id":145301,"depth":125,"text":145959},"When to use upper()",{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":145961},[145962,145963,145965],{"id":95901,"depth":145,"text":95902},{"id":145516,"depth":145,"text":145964},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145607,"depth":145,"text":145966},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145680,"depth":125,"text":145681},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":145969},[145970,145972,145974,145975],{"id":145802,"depth":145,"text":145971},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145810,"depth":145,"text":145973},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145820,"depth":145,"text":145821},{"id":145830,"depth":145,"text":145976},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144797,"description":145978},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145985,"title":145986,"body":145987,"description":147864,"extension":2033,"meta":147865,"navigation":148,"path":147866,"seo":147867,"stem":147868,"__hash__":147869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145988,"toc":147814},[145989,145995,146002,146008,146010,146066,146071,146076,146081,146084,146103,146106,146108,146132,146150,146161,146163,146166,146219,146221,146229,146231,146249,146254,146257,146314,146316,146325,146328,146348,146351,146357,146362,146364,146407,146409,146417,146420,146461,146463,146472,146478,146484,146511,146513,146521,146526,146530,146542,146585,146587,146595,146600,146606,146611,146615,146617,146660,146663,146710,146712,146721,146728,146732,146735,146781,146786,146790,146792,146835,146838,146846,146848,146853,146855,146857,146876,146879,146891,146893,146912,146914,146922,146926,146928,146979,146982,147057,147059,147067,147070,147074,147076,147123,147126,147197,147199,147207,147213,147215,147290,147294,147373,147375,147383,147389,147395,147400,147405,147454,147458,147529,147532,147537,147548,147551,147562,147572,147574,147579,147604,147609,147690,147692,147717,147719,147724,147727,147733,147742,147748,147751,147757,147763,147770,147773,147775,147811],[10,145990,13,145992,18],{"id":145991},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145993,145994],{},"sum()",[20,145996,9154,145997,145999,146000,24799],{},[15,145998,145994],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146001,60015],{},[20,146003,146004,146005,146007],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146006,36104],{}," value and a few important limits.",[93,146009,2075],{"id":2074},[59,146011,146013],{"className":61,"code":146012,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146014,146015,146039,146054],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146016,146017,146019,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146018,3663],{"class":106},[68,146020,111],{"class":110},[68,146022,725],{"class":78},[68,146024,469],{"class":160},[68,146026,472],{"class":78},[68,146028,475],{"class":160},[68,146030,472],{"class":78},[68,146032,480],{"class":160},[68,146034,472],{"class":78},[68,146036,2521],{"class":160},[68,146038,730],{"class":78},[68,146040,146041,146043,146045,146048,146050,146052],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146042,41214],{"class":106},[68,146044,111],{"class":110},[68,146046,146047],{"class":128}," sum",[68,146049,79],{"class":78},[68,146051,3693],{"class":138},[68,146053,85],{"class":78},[68,146055,146056,146058,146060,146062,146064],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,146057,129],{"class":128},[68,146059,79],{"class":78},[68,146061,41243],{"class":138},[68,146063,1701],{"class":78},[68,146065,26829],{"class":3708},[20,146067,224,146068,146070],{},[15,146069,145994],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[93,146072,3722,146074,3725],{"id":146073},"what-sum-does",[15,146075,145994],{},[20,146077,146078,146080],{},[15,146079,145994],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146082,146083],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,146085,146086,146089,146092,146097],{},[36,146087,146088],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,146090,146091],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,146093,146094,146095],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146096,36230],{},[36,146098,146099,146100,146102],{},"Counting ",[15,146101,290],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146104,146105],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[93,146107,303],{"id":302},[59,146109,146111],{"className":61,"code":146110,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146112,146113],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146114,146115,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146116,146117],{"class":128},"sum",[68,146119,79],{"class":78},[68,146121,3766],{"class":138},[68,146123,472],{"class":78},[68,146125,36083],{"class":9206},[68,146127,111],{"class":110},[68,146129,2192],{"class":160},[68,146131,85],{"class":78},[33,146133,146134,146139,146144],{},[36,146135,146136,146138],{},[15,146137,3766],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,146140,146141,146143],{},[15,146142,36104],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,146145,146146,146147],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146148,146149],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146151,146152,146153,146156,146157,236],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146154,146155,3766],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[49,146158,146159,24653],{"href":36227},[15,146160,36230],{},[93,146162,11506],{"id":11505},[20,146164,146165],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[59,146167,146169],{"className":61,"code":146168,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146170,146171,146191,146205,146209],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146172,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146174,3663],{"class":106},[68,146176,111],{"class":110},[68,146178,725],{"class":78},[68,146180,1497],{"class":160},[68,146182,472],{"class":78},[68,146184,6045],{"class":160},[68,146186,472],{"class":78},[68,146188,37970],{"class":160},[68,146190,730],{"class":78},[68,146192,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146194,41214],{"class":106},[68,146196,111],{"class":110},[68,146198,146047],{"class":128},[68,146200,79],{"class":78},[68,146202,3693],{"class":138},[68,146204,85],{"class":78},[68,146206,146207],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,146208,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,146210,146211,146213,146215,146217],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,146212,129],{"class":128},[68,146214,79],{"class":78},[68,146216,41243],{"class":138},[68,146218,85],{"class":78},[20,146220,180],{},[59,146222,146223],{"className":61,"code":69854,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,146224,146225],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146226,146227],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146228,69854],{"class":160},[20,146230,11715],{},[33,146232,146233,146238,146244],{},[36,146234,146235,146237],{},[15,146236,3693],{}," contains three integers",[36,146239,146240,146243],{},[15,146241,146242],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,146245,146246,146247],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146248,41243],{},[93,146250,36645,146252,8467],{"id":146251},"using-the-start-value",[15,146253,36104],{},[20,146255,146256],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[59,146258,146260],{"className":61,"code":146259,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146261,146262,146282,146300,146304],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146263,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146265,3663],{"class":106},[68,146267,111],{"class":110},[68,146269,725],{"class":78},[68,146271,469],{"class":160},[68,146273,472],{"class":78},[68,146275,475],{"class":160},[68,146277,472],{"class":78},[68,146279,480],{"class":160},[68,146281,730],{"class":78},[68,146283,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146285,41214],{"class":106},[68,146287,111],{"class":110},[68,146289,146047],{"class":128},[68,146291,79],{"class":78},[68,146293,3693],{"class":138},[68,146295,472],{"class":78},[68,146297,6045],{"class":160},[68,146299,85],{"class":78},[68,146301,146302],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,146303,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,146305,146306,146308,146310,146312],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,146307,129],{"class":128},[68,146309,79],{"class":78},[68,146311,41243],{"class":138},[68,146313,85],{"class":78},[20,146315,180],{},[59,146317,146319],{"className":61,"code":146318,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"16\n",[15,146320,146321],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146322,146323],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146324,146318],{"class":160},[20,146326,146327],{},"This works like:",[33,146329,146330,146335,146340,146344],{},[36,146331,146332,146333],{},"Start at ",[15,146334,438],{},[36,146336,146337,146338],{},"Add ",[15,146339,469],{},[36,146341,146337,146342],{},[15,146343,2129],{},[36,146345,146337,146346],{},[15,146347,2135],{},[20,146349,146350],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[93,146352,3722,146354,146356],{"id":146353},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146355,145994],{}," can work with",[20,146358,146359,146361],{},[15,146360,145994],{}," works with numeric values.",[1470,146363,40459],{"id":40458},[59,146365,146367],{"className":61,"code":146366,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146368,146369,146393],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146370,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146372,3869],{"class":106},[68,146374,111],{"class":110},[68,146376,725],{"class":78},[68,146378,469],{"class":160},[68,146380,472],{"class":78},[68,146382,475],{"class":160},[68,146384,472],{"class":78},[68,146386,480],{"class":160},[68,146388,472],{"class":78},[68,146390,2521],{"class":160},[68,146392,730],{"class":78},[68,146394,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146396,129],{"class":128},[68,146398,79],{"class":78},[68,146400,146117],{"class":128},[68,146402,79],{"class":78},[68,146404,5401],{"class":138},[68,146406,142],{"class":78},[20,146408,180],{},[59,146410,146411],{"className":61,"code":2442,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,146412,146413],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146414,146415],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146416,2442],{"class":160},[1470,146418,146419],{"id":52061},"Floats",[59,146421,146423],{"className":61,"code":146422,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146424,146425,146447],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146426,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146440,146442,146445],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146428,83061],{"class":106},[68,146430,111],{"class":110},[68,146432,725],{"class":78},[68,146434,41190],{"class":160},[68,146436,472],{"class":78},[68,146438,146439],{"class":160}," 3.75",[68,146441,472],{"class":78},[68,146443,146444],{"class":160}," 1.25",[68,146446,730],{"class":78},[68,146448,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146450,129],{"class":128},[68,146452,79],{"class":78},[68,146454,146117],{"class":128},[68,146456,79],{"class":78},[68,146458,83097],{"class":138},[68,146460,142],{"class":78},[20,146462,180],{},[59,146464,146466],{"className":61,"code":146465,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"7.5\n",[15,146467,146468],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146469,146470],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146471,146465],{"class":160},[20,146473,146474,146475,236],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[49,146476,146477],{"href":2484},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1470,146479,146481,146482],{"id":146480},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146483,36230],{},[59,146485,146487],{"className":61,"code":146486,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146488,146489],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146492,129],{"class":128},[68,146494,79],{"class":78},[68,146496,146117],{"class":128},[68,146498,79],{"class":78},[68,146500,60015],{"class":128},[68,146502,79],{"class":78},[68,146504,469],{"class":160},[68,146506,472],{"class":78},[68,146508,37677],{"class":160},[68,146510,2970],{"class":78},[20,146512,180],{},[59,146514,146515],{"className":61,"code":47061,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,146516,146517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146518,146519],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146520,47061],{"class":160},[20,146522,113571,146523,236],{},[15,146524,146525],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1470,146527,146529],{"id":146528},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146531,146532,146533,146535,146536,232,146538,146535,146540,236],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146534,290],{}," acts like ",[15,146537,469],{},[15,146539,293],{},[15,146541,2192],{},[59,146543,146545],{"className":61,"code":146544,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146546,146547,146571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146550,51981],{"class":106},[68,146552,111],{"class":110},[68,146554,725],{"class":78},[68,146556,290],{"class":526},[68,146558,472],{"class":78},[68,146560,3951],{"class":526},[68,146562,472],{"class":78},[68,146564,3960],{"class":526},[68,146566,472],{"class":78},[68,146568,3960],{"class":526},[68,146570,730],{"class":78},[68,146572,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146574,129],{"class":128},[68,146576,79],{"class":78},[68,146578,146117],{"class":128},[68,146580,79],{"class":78},[68,146582,52034],{"class":138},[68,146584,142],{"class":78},[20,146586,180],{},[59,146588,146589],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,146590,146591],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146592,146593],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146594,46637],{"class":160},[20,146596,146597,146598,236],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146599,290],{},[93,146601,3722,146603,146605],{"id":146602},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146604,145994],{}," does not work with",[20,146607,146608,146610],{},[15,146609,145994],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1470,146612,146614],{"id":146613},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146616,2899],{},[59,146618,146620],{"className":61,"code":146619,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146621,146622,146646],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146623,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146625,4114],{"class":106},[68,146627,111],{"class":110},[68,146629,725],{"class":78},[68,146631,344],{"class":114},[68,146633,347],{"class":118},[68,146635,344],{"class":114},[68,146637,472],{"class":78},[68,146639,115],{"class":114},[68,146641,60608],{"class":118},[68,146643,344],{"class":114},[68,146645,730],{"class":78},[68,146647,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146649,129],{"class":128},[68,146651,79],{"class":78},[68,146653,146117],{"class":128},[68,146655,79],{"class":78},[68,146657,4158],{"class":138},[68,146659,142],{"class":78},[20,146661,146662],{},"Use string joining instead:",[59,146664,146666],{"className":61,"code":146665,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146667,146668,146692],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146669,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146671,4114],{"class":106},[68,146673,111],{"class":110},[68,146675,725],{"class":78},[68,146677,344],{"class":114},[68,146679,347],{"class":118},[68,146681,344],{"class":114},[68,146683,472],{"class":78},[68,146685,115],{"class":114},[68,146687,60608],{"class":118},[68,146689,344],{"class":114},[68,146691,730],{"class":78},[68,146693,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146695,129],{"class":128},[68,146697,79],{"class":78},[68,146699,6313],{"class":114},[68,146701,236],{"class":78},[68,146703,133520],{"class":138},[68,146705,79],{"class":78},[68,146707,4158],{"class":138},[68,146709,142],{"class":78},[20,146711,180],{},[59,146713,146715],{"className":61,"code":146714,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"helloworld\n",[15,146716,146717],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146718,146719],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146720,146714],{"class":106},[20,146722,146723,146724,236],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[49,146725,146726,5823],{"href":1444},[15,146727,1447],{},[1470,146729,146731],{"id":146730},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146733,146734],{},"This also causes an error:",[59,146736,146738],{"className":61,"code":146737,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146739,146740,146767],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146741,146742,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146743,146744],{"class":106},"lists ",[68,146746,111],{"class":110},[68,146748,56310],{"class":78},[68,146750,469],{"class":160},[68,146752,472],{"class":78},[68,146754,475],{"class":160},[68,146756,18095],{"class":78},[68,146758,725],{"class":78},[68,146760,2135],{"class":160},[68,146762,472],{"class":78},[68,146764,2521],{"class":160},[68,146766,53258],{"class":78},[68,146768,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146770,129],{"class":128},[68,146772,79],{"class":78},[68,146774,146117],{"class":128},[68,146776,79],{"class":78},[68,146778,5342],{"class":138},[68,146780,142],{"class":78},[20,146782,146783,146785],{},[15,146784,145994],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1470,146787,146789],{"id":146788},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146791,1335],{},[59,146793,146795],{"className":61,"code":146794,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146796,146797,146821],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146798,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146800,3869],{"class":106},[68,146802,111],{"class":110},[68,146804,725],{"class":78},[68,146806,469],{"class":160},[68,146808,472],{"class":78},[68,146810,475],{"class":160},[68,146812,472],{"class":78},[68,146814,115],{"class":114},[68,146816,2135],{"class":118},[68,146818,344],{"class":114},[68,146820,730],{"class":78},[68,146822,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146824,129],{"class":128},[68,146826,79],{"class":78},[68,146828,146117],{"class":128},[68,146830,79],{"class":78},[68,146832,5401],{"class":138},[68,146834,142],{"class":78},[20,146836,146837],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146839,146840,146841,146843,146844,236],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146842,65960],{},", convert them first. See ",[49,146845,3020],{"href":3019},[93,146847,41536],{"id":41535},[20,146849,146850,146851,236],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146852,145994],{},[1470,146854,6563],{"id":6562},[20,146856,4570],{},[59,146858,146860],{"className":61,"code":146859,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146861,146862],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146863,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146865,129],{"class":128},[68,146867,79],{"class":78},[68,146869,146117],{"class":128},[68,146871,79],{"class":78},[68,146873,1497],{"class":160},[68,146875,142],{"class":78},[20,146877,146878],{},"Why it fails:",[33,146880,146881,146886],{},[36,146882,146883,146885],{},[15,146884,1497],{}," is a single integer",[36,146887,146888,146890],{},[15,146889,145994],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146892,6593],{},[59,146894,146896],{"className":61,"code":146895,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146897,146898],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146899,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146901,129],{"class":128},[68,146903,79],{"class":78},[68,146905,146117],{"class":128},[68,146907,466],{"class":78},[68,146909,1497],{"class":160},[68,146911,483],{"class":78},[20,146913,180],{},[59,146915,146916],{"className":61,"code":3005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,146917,146918],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146919,146920],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146921,3005],{"class":160},[1470,146923,146925],{"id":146924},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146927,4570],{},[59,146929,146931],{"className":61,"code":146930,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146932,146933,146965],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146934,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146936,3869],{"class":106},[68,146938,111],{"class":110},[68,146940,725],{"class":78},[68,146942,344],{"class":114},[68,146944,469],{"class":118},[68,146946,344],{"class":114},[68,146948,472],{"class":78},[68,146950,115],{"class":114},[68,146952,2129],{"class":118},[68,146954,344],{"class":114},[68,146956,472],{"class":78},[68,146958,115],{"class":114},[68,146960,2135],{"class":118},[68,146962,344],{"class":114},[68,146964,730],{"class":78},[68,146966,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,146968,129],{"class":128},[68,146970,79],{"class":78},[68,146972,146117],{"class":128},[68,146974,79],{"class":78},[68,146976,5401],{"class":138},[68,146978,142],{"class":78},[20,146980,146981],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[59,146983,146985],{"className":61,"code":146984,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146986,146987,147019,147047],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,146988,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,146990,3869],{"class":106},[68,146992,111],{"class":110},[68,146994,725],{"class":78},[68,146996,344],{"class":114},[68,146998,469],{"class":118},[68,147000,344],{"class":114},[68,147002,472],{"class":78},[68,147004,115],{"class":114},[68,147006,2129],{"class":118},[68,147008,344],{"class":114},[68,147010,472],{"class":78},[68,147012,115],{"class":114},[68,147014,2135],{"class":118},[68,147016,344],{"class":114},[68,147018,730],{"class":78},[68,147020,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147022,41214],{"class":106},[68,147024,111],{"class":110},[68,147026,146047],{"class":128},[68,147028,79],{"class":78},[68,147030,217],{"class":74},[68,147032,79],{"class":78},[68,147034,2245],{"class":138},[68,147036,1701],{"class":78},[68,147038,3921],{"class":1098},[68,147040,3924],{"class":138},[68,147042,3927],{"class":1098},[68,147044,3930],{"class":138},[68,147046,85],{"class":78},[68,147048,147049,147051,147053,147055],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147050,129],{"class":128},[68,147052,79],{"class":78},[68,147054,41243],{"class":138},[68,147056,85],{"class":78},[20,147058,180],{},[59,147060,147061],{"className":61,"code":2718,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,147062,147063],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147064,147065],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147066,2718],{"class":160},[20,147068,147069],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1470,147071,147073],{"id":147072},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147075,4570],{},[59,147077,147079],{"className":61,"code":147078,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147080,147081,147109],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147082,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147084,3869],{"class":106},[68,147086,111],{"class":110},[68,147088,725],{"class":78},[68,147090,469],{"class":160},[68,147092,472],{"class":78},[68,147094,475],{"class":160},[68,147096,472],{"class":78},[68,147098,115],{"class":114},[68,147100,2135],{"class":118},[68,147102,344],{"class":114},[68,147104,472],{"class":78},[68,147106,2521],{"class":160},[68,147108,730],{"class":78},[68,147110,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147112,129],{"class":128},[68,147114,79],{"class":78},[68,147116,146117],{"class":128},[68,147118,79],{"class":78},[68,147120,5401],{"class":138},[68,147122,142],{"class":78},[20,147124,147125],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[59,147127,147129],{"className":61,"code":147128,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147130,147131,147159,147187],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147132,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147134,3869],{"class":106},[68,147136,111],{"class":110},[68,147138,725],{"class":78},[68,147140,469],{"class":160},[68,147142,472],{"class":78},[68,147144,475],{"class":160},[68,147146,472],{"class":78},[68,147148,115],{"class":114},[68,147150,2135],{"class":118},[68,147152,344],{"class":114},[68,147154,472],{"class":78},[68,147156,2521],{"class":160},[68,147158,730],{"class":78},[68,147160,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147162,41214],{"class":106},[68,147164,111],{"class":110},[68,147166,146047],{"class":128},[68,147168,79],{"class":78},[68,147170,217],{"class":74},[68,147172,79],{"class":78},[68,147174,2245],{"class":138},[68,147176,1701],{"class":78},[68,147178,3921],{"class":1098},[68,147180,3924],{"class":138},[68,147182,3927],{"class":1098},[68,147184,3930],{"class":138},[68,147186,85],{"class":78},[68,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147190,129],{"class":128},[68,147192,79],{"class":78},[68,147194,41243],{"class":138},[68,147196,85],{"class":78},[20,147198,180],{},[59,147200,147201],{"className":61,"code":2442,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,147202,147203],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147204,147205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147206,2442],{"class":160},[1470,147208,633,147210,147212],{"id":147209},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147211,145994],{}," to join text",[20,147214,4570],{},[59,147216,147218],{"className":61,"code":147217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147219,147220,147276],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147221,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147223,36122],{"class":106},[68,147225,111],{"class":110},[68,147227,725],{"class":78},[68,147229,344],{"class":114},[68,147231,134119],{"class":118},[68,147233,344],{"class":114},[68,147235,472],{"class":78},[68,147237,115],{"class":114},[68,147239,11777],{"class":118},[68,147241,344],{"class":114},[68,147243,472],{"class":78},[68,147245,115],{"class":114},[68,147247,63303],{"class":118},[68,147249,344],{"class":114},[68,147251,472],{"class":78},[68,147253,115],{"class":114},[68,147255,60455],{"class":118},[68,147257,344],{"class":114},[68,147259,472],{"class":78},[68,147261,115],{"class":114},[68,147263,60490],{"class":118},[68,147265,344],{"class":114},[68,147267,472],{"class":78},[68,147269,115],{"class":114},[68,147271,76044],{"class":118},[68,147273,344],{"class":114},[68,147275,730],{"class":78},[68,147277,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147279,129],{"class":128},[68,147281,79],{"class":78},[68,147283,146117],{"class":128},[68,147285,79],{"class":78},[68,147287,36175],{"class":138},[68,147289,142],{"class":78},[20,147291,224,147292,60549],{},[15,147293,133443],{},[59,147295,147297],{"className":61,"code":147296,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147298,147299,147355],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147300,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147302,36122],{"class":106},[68,147304,111],{"class":110},[68,147306,725],{"class":78},[68,147308,344],{"class":114},[68,147310,134119],{"class":118},[68,147312,344],{"class":114},[68,147314,472],{"class":78},[68,147316,115],{"class":114},[68,147318,11777],{"class":118},[68,147320,344],{"class":114},[68,147322,472],{"class":78},[68,147324,115],{"class":114},[68,147326,63303],{"class":118},[68,147328,344],{"class":114},[68,147330,472],{"class":78},[68,147332,115],{"class":114},[68,147334,60455],{"class":118},[68,147336,344],{"class":114},[68,147338,472],{"class":78},[68,147340,115],{"class":114},[68,147342,60490],{"class":118},[68,147344,344],{"class":114},[68,147346,472],{"class":78},[68,147348,115],{"class":114},[68,147350,76044],{"class":118},[68,147352,344],{"class":114},[68,147354,730],{"class":78},[68,147356,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147358,129],{"class":128},[68,147360,79],{"class":78},[68,147362,6313],{"class":114},[68,147364,236],{"class":78},[68,147366,133520],{"class":138},[68,147368,79],{"class":78},[68,147370,36175],{"class":138},[68,147372,142],{"class":78},[20,147374,180],{},[59,147376,147377],{"className":61,"code":134200,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,147378,147379],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147380,147381],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147382,134200],{"class":106},[20,147384,147385,147386,236],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[49,147387,147388],{"href":135281},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[93,147390,147392,147394],{"id":147391},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147393,145994],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147396,147397,147399],{},[15,147398,145994],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1470,147401,633,147403],{"id":147402},"using-sum",[15,147404,145994],{},[59,147406,147408],{"className":61,"code":147407,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147409,147410,147430,147444],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147411,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147413,3663],{"class":106},[68,147415,111],{"class":110},[68,147417,725],{"class":78},[68,147419,2568],{"class":160},[68,147421,472],{"class":78},[68,147423,6034],{"class":160},[68,147425,472],{"class":78},[68,147427,54152],{"class":160},[68,147429,730],{"class":78},[68,147431,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147433,41214],{"class":106},[68,147435,111],{"class":110},[68,147437,146047],{"class":128},[68,147439,79],{"class":78},[68,147441,3693],{"class":138},[68,147443,85],{"class":78},[68,147445,147446,147448,147450,147452],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147447,129],{"class":128},[68,147449,79],{"class":78},[68,147451,41243],{"class":138},[68,147453,85],{"class":78},[1470,147455,147457],{"id":147456},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[59,147459,147461],{"className":61,"code":147460,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147462,147463,147483,147491,147495,147507,147515,147519],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147464,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147466,3663],{"class":106},[68,147468,111],{"class":110},[68,147470,725],{"class":78},[68,147472,2568],{"class":160},[68,147474,472],{"class":78},[68,147476,6034],{"class":160},[68,147478,472],{"class":78},[68,147480,54152],{"class":160},[68,147482,730],{"class":78},[68,147484,147485,147487,147489],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147486,41214],{"class":106},[68,147488,111],{"class":110},[68,147490,38547],{"class":160},[68,147492,147493],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147494,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,147496,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,147498,5998],{"class":1098},[68,147500,6428],{"class":106},[68,147502,3927],{"class":1098},[68,147504,4308],{"class":106},[68,147506,1648],{"class":78},[68,147508,147509,147511,147513],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,147510,90120],{"class":106},[68,147512,90123],{"class":110},[68,147514,90126],{"class":106},[68,147516,147517],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,147518,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,147520,147521,147523,147525,147527],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,147522,129],{"class":128},[68,147524,79],{"class":78},[68,147526,41243],{"class":138},[68,147528,85],{"class":78},[20,147530,147531],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147533,2552,147534,147536],{},[15,147535,145994],{}," is often better:",[33,147538,147539,147542,147545],{},[36,147540,147541],{},"Shorter code",[36,147543,147544],{},"Easier to read",[36,147546,147547],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147549,147550],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,147552,147553,147556,147559],{},[36,147554,147555],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,147557,147558],{},"You need extra checks",[36,147560,147561],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147563,147564,147565,147568,147569,147571],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[49,147566,147567],{"href":40043},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147570,145994],{}," on the filtered result.",[93,147573,1750],{"id":1749},[20,147575,147576,147577,503],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147578,145994],{},[33,147580,147581,147587,147594,147601],{},[36,147582,147583,147584],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147585,147586],{},"sum(5)",[36,147588,147589,147590,147593],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147591,147592],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,147595,633,147596,147598,147599],{},[15,147597,145994],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147600,133443],{},[36,147602,147603],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147605,8909,147606,147608],{},[15,147607,145994],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[59,147610,147612],{"className":61,"code":147611,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147613,147614,147624,147638,147662],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147615,147616,147618,147620,147622],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147617,129],{"class":128},[68,147619,79],{"class":78},[68,147621,5401],{"class":138},[68,147623,85],{"class":78},[68,147625,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147627,129],{"class":128},[68,147629,79],{"class":78},[68,147631,75],{"class":74},[68,147633,79],{"class":78},[68,147635,5401],{"class":138},[68,147637,142],{"class":78},[68,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147641,129],{"class":128},[68,147643,466],{"class":78},[68,147645,75],{"class":74},[68,147647,79],{"class":78},[68,147649,2245],{"class":138},[68,147651,1701],{"class":78},[68,147653,3921],{"class":1098},[68,147655,3924],{"class":138},[68,147657,3927],{"class":1098},[68,147659,3930],{"class":138},[68,147661,3933],{"class":78},[68,147663,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,147665,129],{"class":128},[68,147667,79],{"class":78},[68,147669,146117],{"class":128},[68,147671,466],{"class":78},[68,147673,217],{"class":74},[68,147675,79],{"class":78},[68,147677,2245],{"class":138},[68,147679,1701],{"class":78},[68,147681,3921],{"class":1098},[68,147683,3924],{"class":138},[68,147685,3927],{"class":1098},[68,147687,3930],{"class":138},[68,147689,483],{"class":78},[20,147691,136014],{},[33,147693,147694,147700,147706,147711],{},[36,147695,147696,147699],{},[15,147697,147698],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,147701,147702,147705],{},[15,147703,147704],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,147707,147708,136036],{},[15,147709,147710],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,147712,147713,147716],{},[15,147714,147715],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[93,147718,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,147720,1878,147722,1881],{"id":147721},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147723,145994],{},[20,147725,147726],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1470,147728,1939,147730,147732],{"id":147729},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147731,145994],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147734,30305,147735,384,147738,147741],{},[15,147736,147737],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147739,147740],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1470,147743,1939,147745,147747],{"id":147744},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147746,145994],{}," work with floats?",[20,147749,147750],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1470,147752,147754,147755,1906],{"id":147753},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147756,145994],{},[20,147758,147759,147760,147762],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147761,36104],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1470,147764,1919,147766,119405,147768,1906],{"id":147765},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147767,145994],{},[15,147769,3060],{},[20,147771,147772],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[93,147774,1952],{"id":1951},[33,147776,147777,147781,147787,147793,147799,147803,147807],{},[36,147778,147779],{},[49,147780,146477],{"href":2484},[36,147782,147783],{},[49,147784,13,147785,1151],{"href":36227},[15,147786,36230],{},[36,147788,147789],{},[49,147790,13,147791,1151],{"href":42387},[15,147792,42390],{},[36,147794,147795],{},[49,147796,13,147797,1151],{"href":1444},[15,147798,1447],{},[36,147800,147801],{},[49,147802,5263],{"href":40043},[36,147804,147805],{},[49,147806,3574],{"href":3019},[36,147808,147809],{},[49,147810,147388],{"href":135281},[1995,147812,147813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":147815},[147816,147817,147819,147820,147821,147823,147831,147837,147844,147850,147851,147863],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":146073,"depth":125,"text":147818},"What sum() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":146251,"depth":125,"text":147822},"Using the start value",{"id":146353,"depth":125,"text":147824,"children":147825},"What sum() can work with",[147826,147827,147828,147830],{"id":40458,"depth":145,"text":40459},{"id":52061,"depth":145,"text":146419},{"id":146480,"depth":145,"text":147829},"Values from range()",{"id":146528,"depth":145,"text":146529},{"id":146602,"depth":125,"text":147832,"children":147833},"What sum() does not work with",[147834,147835,147836],{"id":146613,"depth":145,"text":146614},{"id":146730,"depth":145,"text":146731},{"id":146788,"depth":145,"text":146789},{"id":41535,"depth":125,"text":41536,"children":147838},[147839,147840,147841,147842],{"id":6562,"depth":145,"text":6563},{"id":146924,"depth":145,"text":146925},{"id":147072,"depth":145,"text":147073},{"id":147209,"depth":145,"text":147843},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147391,"depth":125,"text":147845,"children":147846},"sum() vs manual loop",[147847,147849],{"id":147402,"depth":145,"text":147848},"Using sum()",{"id":147456,"depth":145,"text":147457},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":147852},[147853,147855,147857,147859,147861],{"id":147721,"depth":145,"text":147854},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147729,"depth":145,"text":147856},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147744,"depth":145,"text":147858},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147753,"depth":145,"text":147860},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147765,"depth":145,"text":147862},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145986,"description":147864},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147871,"title":147872,"body":147873,"description":149275,"extension":2033,"meta":149276,"navigation":148,"path":149277,"seo":149278,"stem":149279,"__hash__":149280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147874,"toc":149243},[147875,147881,147887,147890,147953,147959,147964,147968,147985,147999,148003,148023,148037,148039,148132,148134,148148,148150,148153,148242,148244,148252,148261,148263,148267,148288,148290,148382,148384,148405,148407,148411,148425,148427,148501,148503,148522,148526,148529,148552,148554,148665,148672,148680,148682,148688,148691,148734,148737,148760,148768,148772,148847,148853,148878,148885,148888,148891,148895,148900,148988,148996,149000,149003,149028,149032,149093,149097,149146,149156,149158,149163,149166,149172,149175,149179,149183,149189,149192,149200,149208,149210,149240],[10,147876,147878,147879,11352],{"id":147877},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147880,57306],{},[20,147882,147883,147886],{},[15,147884,147885],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147888,147889],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[59,147891,147893],{"className":61,"code":147892,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147894,147895,147923,147941],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,147896,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,147898,3663],{"class":106},[68,147900,111],{"class":110},[68,147902,9266],{"class":78},[68,147904,469],{"class":160},[68,147906,472],{"class":78},[68,147908,475],{"class":160},[68,147910,472],{"class":78},[68,147912,475],{"class":160},[68,147914,472],{"class":78},[68,147916,480],{"class":160},[68,147918,472],{"class":78},[68,147920,475],{"class":160},[68,147922,85],{"class":78},[68,147924,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,147926,2297],{"class":106},[68,147928,111],{"class":110},[68,147930,4308],{"class":106},[68,147932,236],{"class":78},[68,147934,41291],{"class":138},[68,147936,79],{"class":78},[68,147938,2129],{"class":160},[68,147940,85],{"class":78},[68,147942,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,147944,129],{"class":128},[68,147946,79],{"class":78},[68,147948,2331],{"class":138},[68,147950,1701],{"class":78},[68,147952,50785],{"class":3708},[20,147954,224,147955,147958],{},[15,147956,147957],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[93,147960,3722,147962,3725],{"id":147961},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147963,147885],{},[20,147965,147966,503],{},[15,147967,147957],{},[33,147969,147970,147976,147979,147982],{},[36,147971,147972,147973,147975],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147974,665],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,147977,147978],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,147980,147981],{},"Returns an integer",[36,147983,147984],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147986,147987,147988,147990,147991,384,147995,236],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147989,57306],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[49,147992,147994],{"href":147993},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[49,147996,147998],{"href":147997},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[93,148000,148002],{"id":148001},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[59,148004,148006],{"className":61,"code":148005,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148007,148008],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148009,148010,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148011,148012],{"class":106},"my_tuple",[68,148014,236],{"class":78},[68,148016,41291],{"class":138},[68,148018,79],{"class":78},[68,148020,665],{"class":138},[68,148022,85],{"class":78},[33,148024,148025,148029,148032],{},[36,148026,148027,57471],{},[15,148028,665],{},[36,148030,148031],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,148033,148034,148035],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148036,2192],{},[1470,148038,103121],{"id":103120},[59,148040,148042],{"className":61,"code":148041,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148043,148044,148084,148108],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148045,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148047,13108],{"class":106},[68,148049,111],{"class":110},[68,148051,9266],{"class":78},[68,148053,344],{"class":114},[68,148055,13125],{"class":118},[68,148057,344],{"class":114},[68,148059,472],{"class":78},[68,148061,115],{"class":114},[68,148063,13142],{"class":118},[68,148065,344],{"class":114},[68,148067,472],{"class":78},[68,148069,115],{"class":114},[68,148071,13125],{"class":118},[68,148073,344],{"class":114},[68,148075,472],{"class":78},[68,148077,115],{"class":114},[68,148079,17488],{"class":118},[68,148081,344],{"class":114},[68,148083,85],{"class":78},[68,148085,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148087,129],{"class":128},[68,148089,79],{"class":78},[68,148091,17535],{"class":138},[68,148093,236],{"class":78},[68,148095,41291],{"class":138},[68,148097,79],{"class":78},[68,148099,344],{"class":114},[68,148101,13125],{"class":118},[68,148103,344],{"class":114},[68,148105,1636],{"class":78},[68,148107,57661],{"class":3708},[68,148109,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148111,129],{"class":128},[68,148113,79],{"class":78},[68,148115,17535],{"class":138},[68,148117,236],{"class":78},[68,148119,41291],{"class":138},[68,148121,79],{"class":78},[68,148123,344],{"class":114},[68,148125,22559],{"class":118},[68,148127,344],{"class":114},[68,148129,1636],{"class":78},[68,148131,51262],{"class":3708},[20,148133,19991],{},[33,148135,148136,148141],{},[36,148137,148138,148140],{},[15,148139,65407],{}," appears 2 times",[36,148142,148143,148145,148146],{},[15,148144,109816],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148147,2192],{},[93,148149,11506],{"id":11505},[20,148151,148152],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[59,148154,148156],{"className":61,"code":148155,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148157,148158,148206,148210,148232],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148159,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148161,36271],{"class":106},[68,148163,111],{"class":110},[68,148165,9266],{"class":78},[68,148167,344],{"class":114},[68,148169,4123],{"class":118},[68,148171,344],{"class":114},[68,148173,472],{"class":78},[68,148175,115],{"class":114},[68,148177,4132],{"class":118},[68,148179,344],{"class":114},[68,148181,472],{"class":78},[68,148183,115],{"class":114},[68,148185,4123],{"class":118},[68,148187,344],{"class":114},[68,148189,472],{"class":78},[68,148191,115],{"class":114},[68,148193,33254],{"class":118},[68,148195,344],{"class":114},[68,148197,472],{"class":78},[68,148199,115],{"class":114},[68,148201,4123],{"class":118},[68,148203,344],{"class":114},[68,148205,85],{"class":78},[68,148207,148208],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148209,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,148211,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148213,2297],{"class":106},[68,148215,111],{"class":110},[68,148217,52867],{"class":106},[68,148219,236],{"class":78},[68,148221,41291],{"class":138},[68,148223,79],{"class":78},[68,148225,344],{"class":114},[68,148227,4123],{"class":118},[68,148229,344],{"class":114},[68,148231,85],{"class":78},[68,148233,148234,148236,148238,148240],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,148235,129],{"class":128},[68,148237,79],{"class":78},[68,148239,2331],{"class":138},[68,148241,85],{"class":78},[20,148243,180],{},[59,148245,148246],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,148247,148248],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148249,148250],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148251,46637],{"class":160},[20,148253,148254,148256,148257,1541,148259,236],{},[15,148255,57849],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148258,57306],{},[15,148260,2135],{},[93,148262,38054],{"id":38053},[20,148264,57560,148265,128749],{},[15,148266,57306],{},[33,148268,148269,148274,148279,148282],{},[36,148270,11454,148271,148273],{},[15,148272,2192],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,148275,11454,148276,148278],{},[15,148277,469],{}," when the value appears once",[36,148280,148281],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,148283,148284,148285,148287],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148286,1099],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148289,326],{},[59,148291,148293],{"className":61,"code":148292,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148294,148295,148336,148340,148367],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148296,148297,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148298,148299],{"class":106},"answers ",[68,148301,111],{"class":110},[68,148303,9266],{"class":78},[68,148305,344],{"class":114},[68,148307,8692],{"class":118},[68,148309,344],{"class":114},[68,148311,472],{"class":78},[68,148313,115],{"class":114},[68,148315,8631],{"class":118},[68,148317,344],{"class":114},[68,148319,472],{"class":78},[68,148321,115],{"class":114},[68,148323,8692],{"class":118},[68,148325,344],{"class":114},[68,148327,472],{"class":78},[68,148329,115],{"class":114},[68,148331,8692],{"class":118},[68,148333,344],{"class":114},[68,148335,85],{"class":78},[68,148337,148338],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148339,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,148341,148342,148344,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148343,1099],{"class":1098},[68,148345,148346],{"class":106}," answers",[68,148348,236],{"class":78},[68,148350,41291],{"class":138},[68,148352,79],{"class":78},[68,148354,344],{"class":114},[68,148356,8692],{"class":118},[68,148358,344],{"class":114},[68,148360,1701],{"class":78},[68,148362,38430],{"class":110},[68,148364,5539],{"class":160},[68,148366,1648],{"class":78},[68,148368,148369,148371,148373,148375,148378,148380],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,148370,1118],{"class":128},[68,148372,79],{"class":78},[68,148374,344],{"class":114},[68,148376,148377],{"class":118},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[68,148379,344],{"class":114},[68,148381,85],{"class":78},[20,148383,180],{},[59,148385,148387],{"className":61,"code":148386,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148388,148389],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148390,148391,148394,148396,148398,148400,148403],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148392,148393],{"class":106},"The answer ",[68,148395,203],{"class":114},[68,148397,8692],{"class":118},[68,148399,203],{"class":114},[68,148401,148402],{"class":106}," appears more than once",[68,148404,122397],{"class":78},[93,148406,41079],{"id":41078},[20,148408,35436,148409,31],{},[15,148410,147885],{},[33,148412,148413,148416,148419,148422],{},[36,148414,148415],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,148417,148418],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,148420,148421],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,148423,148424],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148426,326],{},[59,148428,148430],{"className":61,"code":148429,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148431,148432,148460,148464,148486],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148433,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148435,5108],{"class":106},[68,148437,111],{"class":110},[68,148439,9266],{"class":78},[68,148441,438],{"class":160},[68,148443,472],{"class":78},[68,148445,7828],{"class":160},[68,148447,472],{"class":78},[68,148449,6045],{"class":160},[68,148451,472],{"class":78},[68,148453,7833],{"class":160},[68,148455,472],{"class":78},[68,148457,6045],{"class":160},[68,148459,85],{"class":78},[68,148461,148462],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148463,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,148465,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148467,1099],{"class":1098},[68,148469,5155],{"class":106},[68,148471,236],{"class":78},[68,148473,41291],{"class":138},[68,148475,79],{"class":78},[68,148477,438],{"class":160},[68,148479,1701],{"class":78},[68,148481,51303],{"class":110},[68,148483,475],{"class":160},[68,148485,1648],{"class":78},[68,148487,148488,148490,148492,148494,148497,148499],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,148489,1118],{"class":128},[68,148491,79],{"class":78},[68,148493,344],{"class":114},[68,148495,148496],{"class":118},"The score 10 is repeated.",[68,148498,344],{"class":114},[68,148500,85],{"class":78},[20,148502,180],{},[59,148504,148506],{"className":61,"code":148505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148507,148508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148509,148510,148513,148515,148517,148520],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148511,148512],{"class":106},"The score ",[68,148514,438],{"class":160},[68,148516,8133],{"class":110},[68,148518,148519],{"class":106}," repeated",[68,148521,122397],{"class":78},[93,148523,148525],{"id":148524},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148527,148528],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,148530,148531,148537,148542,148545],{},[36,148532,148533,148534,148536],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148535,57306],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,148538,148539,148541],{},[15,148540,57306],{}," counts exact matches",[36,148543,148544],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,148546,148547,232,148549,148551],{},[15,148548,469],{},[15,148550,42188],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148553,326],{},[59,148555,148557],{"className":61,"code":148556,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148558,148559,148593,148597,148617,148641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148560,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148574,148576,148578,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148562,3869],{"class":106},[68,148564,111],{"class":110},[68,148566,9266],{"class":78},[68,148568,469],{"class":160},[68,148570,472],{"class":78},[68,148572,148573],{"class":160}," 1.0",[68,148575,472],{"class":78},[68,148577,115],{"class":114},[68,148579,148580],{"class":118},"Cat",[68,148582,344],{"class":114},[68,148584,472],{"class":78},[68,148586,115],{"class":114},[68,148588,37080],{"class":118},[68,148590,344],{"class":114},[68,148592,85],{"class":78},[68,148594,148595],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148596,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,148598,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148600,129],{"class":128},[68,148602,79],{"class":78},[68,148604,5401],{"class":138},[68,148606,236],{"class":78},[68,148608,41291],{"class":138},[68,148610,79],{"class":78},[68,148612,469],{"class":160},[68,148614,1636],{"class":78},[68,148616,51109],{"class":3708},[68,148618,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,148620,129],{"class":128},[68,148622,79],{"class":78},[68,148624,5401],{"class":138},[68,148626,236],{"class":78},[68,148628,41291],{"class":138},[68,148630,79],{"class":78},[68,148632,344],{"class":114},[68,148634,148580],{"class":118},[68,148636,344],{"class":114},[68,148638,1636],{"class":78},[68,148640,27814],{"class":3708},[68,148642,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,148644,129],{"class":128},[68,148646,79],{"class":78},[68,148648,5401],{"class":138},[68,148650,236],{"class":78},[68,148652,41291],{"class":138},[68,148654,79],{"class":78},[68,148656,344],{"class":114},[68,148658,37080],{"class":118},[68,148660,344],{"class":114},[68,148662,1636],{"class":78},[68,148664,27814],{"class":3708},[20,148666,1919,148667,5203,148670,1906],{},[15,148668,148669],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148671,2129],{},[20,148673,8820,148674,4829,148677,148679],{},[15,148675,148676],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148678,290],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[93,148681,1750],{"id":1749},[1470,148683,633,148685,148687],{"id":148684},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148686,41291],{}," without parentheses",[20,148689,148690],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[59,148692,148694],{"className":61,"code":148693,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148695,148696,148720],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148697,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148699,3663],{"class":106},[68,148701,111],{"class":110},[68,148703,9266],{"class":78},[68,148705,469],{"class":160},[68,148707,472],{"class":78},[68,148709,475],{"class":160},[68,148711,472],{"class":78},[68,148713,475],{"class":160},[68,148715,472],{"class":78},[68,148717,480],{"class":160},[68,148719,85],{"class":78},[68,148721,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148723,129],{"class":128},[68,148725,79],{"class":78},[68,148727,3693],{"class":138},[68,148729,236],{"class":78},[68,148731,41291],{"class":1267},[68,148733,85],{"class":78},[20,148735,148736],{},"To call the method correctly:",[59,148738,148740],{"className":61,"code":148739,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148741,148742],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148743,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148745,129],{"class":128},[68,148747,79],{"class":78},[68,148749,3693],{"class":138},[68,148751,236],{"class":78},[68,148753,41291],{"class":138},[68,148755,79],{"class":78},[68,148757,2129],{"class":160},[68,148759,142],{"class":78},[1470,148761,1770,148762,8489,148764,384,148766],{"id":58609},[15,148763,57306],{},[15,148765,290],{},[15,148767,293],{},[20,148769,148770,58620],{},[15,148771,57306],{},[59,148773,148775],{"className":61,"code":148774,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148776,148777,148809,148831,148835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148778,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148780,36122],{"class":106},[68,148782,111],{"class":110},[68,148784,9266],{"class":78},[68,148786,344],{"class":114},[68,148788,49],{"class":118},[68,148790,344],{"class":114},[68,148792,472],{"class":78},[68,148794,115],{"class":114},[68,148796,4806],{"class":118},[68,148798,344],{"class":114},[68,148800,472],{"class":78},[68,148802,115],{"class":114},[68,148804,49],{"class":118},[68,148806,344],{"class":114},[68,148808,85],{"class":78},[68,148810,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148812,2297],{"class":106},[68,148814,111],{"class":110},[68,148816,70110],{"class":106},[68,148818,236],{"class":78},[68,148820,41291],{"class":138},[68,148822,79],{"class":78},[68,148824,344],{"class":114},[68,148826,49],{"class":118},[68,148828,344],{"class":114},[68,148830,85],{"class":78},[68,148832,148833],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148834,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,148836,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,148838,129],{"class":128},[68,148840,79],{"class":78},[68,148842,2331],{"class":138},[68,148844,1701],{"class":78},[68,148846,51430],{"class":3708},[20,148848,148849,148850,148852],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148851,3927],{}," is often simpler:",[59,148854,148856],{"className":61,"code":148855,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148857,148858],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148859,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148861,129],{"class":128},[68,148863,79],{"class":78},[68,148865,344],{"class":114},[68,148867,49],{"class":118},[68,148869,344],{"class":114},[68,148871,21208],{"class":1098},[68,148873,70110],{"class":138},[68,148875,1701],{"class":78},[68,148877,3709],{"class":3708},[1470,148879,37237,148881,8739,148883],{"id":148880},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148882,147885],{},[15,148884,57311],{},[20,148886,148887],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148889,148890],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1470,148892,148894],{"id":148893},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148896,148897,148899],{},[15,148898,57306],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[59,148901,148903],{"className":61,"code":148902,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148904,148905,148938,148964],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,148908,4114],{"class":106},[68,148910,111],{"class":110},[68,148912,9266],{"class":78},[68,148914,344],{"class":114},[68,148916,4123],{"class":118},[68,148918,344],{"class":114},[68,148920,472],{"class":78},[68,148922,115],{"class":114},[68,148924,148925],{"class":118},"pineapple",[68,148927,344],{"class":114},[68,148929,472],{"class":78},[68,148931,115],{"class":114},[68,148933,4123],{"class":118},[68,148935,344],{"class":114},[68,148937,85],{"class":78},[68,148939,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148957,148959,148961],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,148941,129],{"class":128},[68,148943,79],{"class":78},[68,148945,4158],{"class":138},[68,148947,236],{"class":78},[68,148949,41291],{"class":138},[68,148951,79],{"class":78},[68,148953,344],{"class":114},[68,148955,148956],{"class":118},"app",[68,148958,344],{"class":114},[68,148960,1636],{"class":78},[68,148962,148963],{"class":3708},"    # 0\n",[68,148965,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,148967,129],{"class":128},[68,148969,79],{"class":78},[68,148971,4158],{"class":138},[68,148973,236],{"class":78},[68,148975,41291],{"class":138},[68,148977,79],{"class":78},[68,148979,344],{"class":114},[68,148981,4123],{"class":118},[68,148983,344],{"class":114},[68,148985,1636],{"class":78},[68,148987,51430],{"class":3708},[20,148989,148990,148993,148994,236],{},[15,148991,148992],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148995,2192],{},[93,148997,148999],{"id":148998},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149001,149002],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,149004,149005,149010,149019,149025],{},[36,149006,224,149007,149009],{},[15,149008,3927],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,149011,224,149012,149018],{},[49,149013,149015,149016],{"href":149014},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149017,58984],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,149020,224,149021,149024],{},[15,149022,149023],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,149026,149027],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149029,46063,149030,503],{},[15,149031,3927],{},[59,149033,149035],{"className":61,"code":149034,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149036,149037,149057,149061,149077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149040,3663],{"class":106},[68,149042,111],{"class":110},[68,149044,9266],{"class":78},[68,149046,2568],{"class":160},[68,149048,472],{"class":78},[68,149050,6034],{"class":160},[68,149052,472],{"class":78},[68,149054,54152],{"class":160},[68,149056,85],{"class":78},[68,149058,149059],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149060,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,149062,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149064,129],{"class":128},[68,149066,79],{"class":78},[68,149068,2097],{"class":160},[68,149070,21208],{"class":1098},[68,149072,4308],{"class":138},[68,149074,1701],{"class":78},[68,149076,43884],{"class":3708},[68,149078,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,149080,129],{"class":128},[68,149082,79],{"class":78},[68,149084,1497],{"class":160},[68,149086,21208],{"class":1098},[68,149088,4308],{"class":138},[68,149090,1701],{"class":78},[68,149092,43901],{"class":3708},[20,149094,46063,149095,503],{},[15,149096,58984],{},[59,149098,149100],{"className":61,"code":149099,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149101,149102,149126],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149105,3663],{"class":106},[68,149107,111],{"class":110},[68,149109,9266],{"class":78},[68,149111,2568],{"class":160},[68,149113,472],{"class":78},[68,149115,6034],{"class":160},[68,149117,472],{"class":78},[68,149119,54152],{"class":160},[68,149121,472],{"class":78},[68,149123,6034],{"class":160},[68,149125,85],{"class":78},[68,149127,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149129,129],{"class":128},[68,149131,79],{"class":78},[68,149133,3693],{"class":138},[68,149135,236],{"class":78},[68,149137,35877],{"class":138},[68,149139,79],{"class":78},[68,149141,2097],{"class":160},[68,149143,1636],{"class":78},[68,149145,27814],{"class":3708},[20,149147,149148,149150,149151,149153,149155],{},[15,149149,57306],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9876,149152],{},[15,149154,58984],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[93,149157,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,149159,1878,149161,1881],{"id":149160},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149162,147885],{},[20,149164,149165],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1470,149167,12736,149169,149171],{"id":149168},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149170,147885],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149173,149174],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1470,149176,149178],{"id":149177},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149180,11943,149181,236],{},[15,149182,2192],{},[1470,149184,1939,149186,149188],{"id":149185},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149187,147885],{}," count strings?",[20,149190,149191],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1470,149193,5221,149195,232,149197,1906],{"id":149194},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149196,147885],{},[15,149198,149199],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149201,149202,149204,149205,149207],{},[15,149203,57306],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149206,58984],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[93,149209,1952],{"id":1951},[33,149211,149212,149216,149221,149228,149236],{},[36,149213,149214],{},[49,149215,147994],{"href":147993},[36,149217,149218],{},[49,149219,149220],{"href":147997},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,149222,149223],{},[49,149224,149225,149226,10770],{"href":149014},"Python tuple ",[15,149227,58984],{},[36,149229,149230],{},[49,149231,149233,149234],{"href":149232},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149235,42390],{},[36,149237,149238],{},[49,149239,58972],{"href":58971},[1995,149241,149242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":149244},[149245,149247,149250,149251,149252,149253,149254,149262,149263,149274],{"id":147961,"depth":125,"text":149246},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148001,"depth":125,"text":148002,"children":149248},[149249],{"id":103120,"depth":145,"text":103121},{"id":11505,"depth":125,"text":11506},{"id":38053,"depth":125,"text":38054},{"id":41078,"depth":125,"text":41079},{"id":148524,"depth":125,"text":148525},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":149255},[149256,149258,149259,149261],{"id":148684,"depth":145,"text":149257},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58609,"depth":145,"text":59025},{"id":148880,"depth":145,"text":149260},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148893,"depth":145,"text":148894},{"id":148998,"depth":125,"text":148999},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":149264},[149265,149267,149269,149270,149272],{"id":149160,"depth":145,"text":149266},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149168,"depth":145,"text":149268},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149177,"depth":145,"text":149178},{"id":149185,"depth":145,"text":149271},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149194,"depth":145,"text":149273},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147872,"description":149275},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149282,"title":149283,"body":149284,"description":150971,"extension":2033,"meta":150972,"navigation":148,"path":150973,"seo":150974,"stem":150975,"__hash__":150976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149285,"toc":150934},[149286,149289,149292,149301,149303,149433,149435,149496,149502,149504,149524,149528,149531,149534,149569,149571,149592,149595,149634,149636,149661,149668,149672,149675,149712,149714,149737,149740,149743,149755,149761,149765,149768,149774,149815,149817,149840,149843,149884,149886,149913,149915,149932,149934,149951,149954,149958,149961,149963,149997,149999,150046,150050,150089,150093,150096,150153,150155,150196,150202,150208,150213,150215,150252,150254,150274,150276,150309,150311,150344,150347,150351,150384,150386,150411,150414,150416,150430,150437,150439,150442,150446,150449,150484,150487,150522,150526,150529,150568,150571,150610,150614,150616,150646,150649,150656,150658,150690,150693,150725,150728,150759,150761,150778,150782,150785,150849,150851,150855,150862,150866,150869,150873,150876,150880,150883,150888,150894,150896,150931],[10,149287,149283],{"id":149288},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149290,149291],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149293,149294,149295,384,149299,236],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[49,149296,149298],{"href":149297},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[49,149300,147994],{"href":147993},[93,149302,2075],{"id":2074},[59,149304,149306],{"className":61,"code":149305,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149307,149308,149328,149337,149351,149387,149391,149401,149411,149422],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149309,149310,149312,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149311,3663],{"class":106},[68,149313,111],{"class":110},[68,149315,9266],{"class":78},[68,149317,469],{"class":160},[68,149319,472],{"class":78},[68,149321,475],{"class":160},[68,149323,472],{"class":78},[68,149325,480],{"class":160},[68,149327,85],{"class":78},[68,149329,149330,149332,149334],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149331,124860],{"class":106},[68,149333,111],{"class":110},[68,149335,149336],{"class":78}," ()\n",[68,149338,149339,149342,149344,149346,149348],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149340,149341],{"class":106},"one_item ",[68,149343,111],{"class":110},[68,149345,9266],{"class":78},[68,149347,1497],{"class":160},[68,149349,149350],{"class":78},",)\n",[68,149352,149353,149356,149358,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,149354,149355],{"class":106},"from_list ",[68,149357,111],{"class":110},[68,149359,149360],{"class":74}," tuple",[68,149362,466],{"class":78},[68,149364,344],{"class":114},[68,149366,49],{"class":118},[68,149368,344],{"class":114},[68,149370,472],{"class":78},[68,149372,115],{"class":114},[68,149374,4806],{"class":118},[68,149376,344],{"class":114},[68,149378,472],{"class":78},[68,149380,115],{"class":114},[68,149382,9769],{"class":118},[68,149384,344],{"class":114},[68,149386,3933],{"class":78},[68,149388,149389],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,149390,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,149392,149393,149395,149397,149399],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,149394,129],{"class":128},[68,149396,79],{"class":78},[68,149398,3693],{"class":138},[68,149400,85],{"class":78},[68,149402,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,149404,129],{"class":128},[68,149406,79],{"class":78},[68,149408,124911],{"class":138},[68,149410,85],{"class":78},[68,149412,149413,149415,149417,149420],{"class":70,"line":733},[68,149414,129],{"class":128},[68,149416,79],{"class":78},[68,149418,149419],{"class":138},"one_item",[68,149421,85],{"class":78},[68,149423,149424,149426,149428,149431],{"class":70,"line":6470},[68,149425,129],{"class":128},[68,149427,79],{"class":78},[68,149429,149430],{"class":138},"from_list",[68,149432,85],{"class":78},[20,149434,180],{},[59,149436,149438],{"className":61,"code":149437,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149439,149440,149456,149460,149468],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149441,149442,149444,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149443,79],{"class":78},[68,149445,469],{"class":160},[68,149447,472],{"class":78},[68,149449,475],{"class":160},[68,149451,472],{"class":78},[68,149453,480],{"class":160},[68,149455,85],{"class":78},[68,149457,149458],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149459,8677],{"class":78},[68,149461,149462,149464,149466],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149463,79],{"class":78},[68,149465,1497],{"class":160},[68,149467,149350],{"class":78},[68,149469,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,149471,79],{"class":78},[68,149473,203],{"class":114},[68,149475,49],{"class":118},[68,149477,203],{"class":114},[68,149479,472],{"class":78},[68,149481,197],{"class":114},[68,149483,4806],{"class":118},[68,149485,203],{"class":114},[68,149487,472],{"class":78},[68,149489,197],{"class":114},[68,149491,9769],{"class":118},[68,149493,203],{"class":114},[68,149495,85],{"class":78},[20,149497,149498,149499,236],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149500,149501],{},"(5,)",[93,149503,15194],{"id":15193},[33,149505,149506,149509,149512,149515,149518,149521],{},[36,149507,149508],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,149510,149511],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,149513,149514],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,149516,149517],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,149519,149520],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,149522,149523],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[93,149525,149527],{"id":149526},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149529,149530],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149532,149533],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[59,149535,149537],{"className":61,"code":149536,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149538,149539,149559],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149540,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149542,3663],{"class":106},[68,149544,111],{"class":110},[68,149546,9266],{"class":78},[68,149548,469],{"class":160},[68,149550,472],{"class":78},[68,149552,475],{"class":160},[68,149554,472],{"class":78},[68,149556,480],{"class":160},[68,149558,85],{"class":78},[68,149560,149561,149563,149565,149567],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149562,129],{"class":128},[68,149564,79],{"class":78},[68,149566,3693],{"class":138},[68,149568,85],{"class":78},[20,149570,180],{},[59,149572,149574],{"className":61,"code":149573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149575,149576],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149577,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149579,79],{"class":78},[68,149581,469],{"class":160},[68,149583,472],{"class":78},[68,149585,475],{"class":160},[68,149587,472],{"class":78},[68,149589,480],{"class":160},[68,149591,85],{"class":78},[20,149593,149594],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[59,149596,149598],{"className":61,"code":149597,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149599,149600,149624],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149603,9197],{"class":106},[68,149605,111],{"class":110},[68,149607,9266],{"class":78},[68,149609,469],{"class":160},[68,149611,472],{"class":78},[68,149613,115],{"class":114},[68,149615,4123],{"class":118},[68,149617,344],{"class":114},[68,149619,472],{"class":78},[68,149621,3960],{"class":526},[68,149623,85],{"class":78},[68,149625,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149627,129],{"class":128},[68,149629,79],{"class":78},[68,149631,9234],{"class":138},[68,149633,85],{"class":78},[20,149635,180],{},[59,149637,149639],{"className":61,"code":149638,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149640,149641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149644,79],{"class":78},[68,149646,469],{"class":160},[68,149648,472],{"class":78},[68,149650,197],{"class":114},[68,149652,4123],{"class":118},[68,149654,203],{"class":114},[68,149656,472],{"class":78},[68,149658,3960],{"class":526},[68,149660,85],{"class":78},[20,149662,149663,149664,236],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[49,149665,149667],{"href":149666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[93,149669,149671],{"id":149670},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149673,149674],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[59,149676,149678],{"className":61,"code":149677,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149679,149680,149688,149698],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149681,149682,149684,149686],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149683,124860],{"class":106},[68,149685,111],{"class":110},[68,149687,149336],{"class":78},[68,149689,149690,149692,149694,149696],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149691,129],{"class":128},[68,149693,79],{"class":78},[68,149695,124911],{"class":138},[68,149697,85],{"class":78},[68,149699,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149701,129],{"class":128},[68,149703,79],{"class":78},[68,149705,75],{"class":74},[68,149707,79],{"class":78},[68,149709,124911],{"class":138},[68,149711,142],{"class":78},[20,149713,180],{},[59,149715,149717],{"className":61,"code":149716,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149718,149719,149723],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149720,149721],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149722,8677],{"class":78},[68,149724,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149726,190],{"class":110},[68,149728,194],{"class":193},[68,149730,197],{"class":114},[68,149732,48971],{"class":118},[68,149734,203],{"class":114},[68,149736,206],{"class":110},[20,149738,149739],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149741,149742],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,149744,149745,149750],{},[36,149746,149747,149748],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149749,7403],{},[36,149751,149752,149753],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149754,3833],{},[20,149756,149757,149758,236],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[49,149759,149760],{"href":57170},"Python list: creating a list",[93,149762,149764],{"id":149763},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149766,149767],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149769,149770,149771,149773],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1301,149772,1303],{}," automatically a tuple:",[59,149775,149777],{"className":61,"code":149776,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149778,149779,149791,149801],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149780,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149782,652],{"class":106},[68,149784,111],{"class":110},[68,149786,9266],{"class":78},[68,149788,1497],{"class":160},[68,149790,85],{"class":78},[68,149792,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149794,129],{"class":128},[68,149796,79],{"class":78},[68,149798,665],{"class":138},[68,149800,85],{"class":78},[68,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149804,129],{"class":128},[68,149806,79],{"class":78},[68,149808,75],{"class":74},[68,149810,79],{"class":78},[68,149812,665],{"class":138},[68,149814,142],{"class":78},[20,149816,180],{},[59,149818,149820],{"className":61,"code":149819,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149821,149822,149826],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149823,149824],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149825,3005],{"class":160},[68,149827,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149829,190],{"class":110},[68,149831,194],{"class":193},[68,149833,197],{"class":114},[68,149835,217],{"class":118},[68,149837,203],{"class":114},[68,149839,206],{"class":110},[20,149841,149842],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[59,149844,149846],{"className":61,"code":149845,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149847,149848,149860,149870],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149849,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149851,149341],{"class":106},[68,149853,111],{"class":110},[68,149855,9266],{"class":78},[68,149857,1497],{"class":160},[68,149859,149350],{"class":78},[68,149861,149862,149864,149866,149868],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149863,129],{"class":128},[68,149865,79],{"class":78},[68,149867,149419],{"class":138},[68,149869,85],{"class":78},[68,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,149873,129],{"class":128},[68,149875,79],{"class":78},[68,149877,75],{"class":74},[68,149879,79],{"class":78},[68,149881,149419],{"class":138},[68,149883,142],{"class":78},[20,149885,180],{},[59,149887,149889],{"className":61,"code":149888,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149890,149891,149899],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149892,149893,149895,149897],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149894,79],{"class":78},[68,149896,1497],{"class":160},[68,149898,149350],{"class":78},[68,149900,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149902,190],{"class":110},[68,149904,194],{"class":193},[68,149906,197],{"class":114},[68,149908,48971],{"class":118},[68,149910,203],{"class":114},[68,149912,206],{"class":110},[20,149914,16688],{},[59,149916,149918],{"className":61,"code":149917,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149919,149920],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149921,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149923,79],{"class":78},[68,149925,344],{"class":114},[68,149927,4123],{"class":118},[68,149929,344],{"class":114},[68,149931,149350],{"class":78},[20,149933,16676],{},[59,149935,149937],{"className":61,"code":149936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149938,149939],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149940,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149942,79],{"class":78},[68,149944,344],{"class":114},[68,149946,4123],{"class":118},[68,149948,344],{"class":114},[68,149950,85],{"class":78},[20,149952,149953],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[93,149955,149957],{"id":149956},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149959,149960],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1470,149962,56478],{"id":3693},[59,149964,149965],{"className":61,"code":149536,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,149966,149967,149987],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,149968,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,149970,3663],{"class":106},[68,149972,111],{"class":110},[68,149974,9266],{"class":78},[68,149976,469],{"class":160},[68,149978,472],{"class":78},[68,149980,475],{"class":160},[68,149982,472],{"class":78},[68,149984,480],{"class":160},[68,149986,85],{"class":78},[68,149988,149989,149991,149993,149995],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,149990,129],{"class":128},[68,149992,79],{"class":78},[68,149994,3693],{"class":138},[68,149996,85],{"class":78},[1470,149998,56481],{"id":5351},[59,150000,150002],{"className":61,"code":150001,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150003,150004,150036],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150005,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150007,13108],{"class":106},[68,150009,111],{"class":110},[68,150011,9266],{"class":78},[68,150013,344],{"class":114},[68,150015,13125],{"class":118},[68,150017,344],{"class":114},[68,150019,472],{"class":78},[68,150021,115],{"class":114},[68,150023,17488],{"class":118},[68,150025,344],{"class":114},[68,150027,472],{"class":78},[68,150029,115],{"class":114},[68,150031,13142],{"class":118},[68,150033,344],{"class":114},[68,150035,85],{"class":78},[68,150037,150038,150040,150042,150044],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150039,129],{"class":128},[68,150041,79],{"class":78},[68,150043,17535],{"class":138},[68,150045,85],{"class":78},[1470,150047,150049],{"id":150048},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[59,150051,150053],{"className":61,"code":150052,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150054,150055,150079],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150056,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150058,59489],{"class":106},[68,150060,111],{"class":110},[68,150062,9266],{"class":78},[68,150064,469],{"class":160},[68,150066,472],{"class":78},[68,150068,115],{"class":114},[68,150070,4123],{"class":118},[68,150072,344],{"class":114},[68,150074,472],{"class":78},[68,150076,3960],{"class":526},[68,150078,85],{"class":78},[68,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150082,129],{"class":128},[68,150084,79],{"class":78},[68,150086,59542],{"class":138},[68,150088,85],{"class":78},[1470,150090,150092],{"id":150091},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150094,150095],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[59,150097,150099],{"className":61,"code":150098,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150100,150101,150142],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150102,150103,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150104,150105],{"class":106},"nested ",[68,150107,111],{"class":110},[68,150109,9266],{"class":78},[68,150111,469],{"class":160},[68,150113,472],{"class":78},[68,150115,9266],{"class":78},[68,150117,344],{"class":114},[68,150119,49],{"class":118},[68,150121,344],{"class":114},[68,150123,472],{"class":78},[68,150125,115],{"class":114},[68,150127,4806],{"class":118},[68,150129,344],{"class":114},[68,150131,9263],{"class":78},[68,150133,725],{"class":78},[68,150135,438],{"class":160},[68,150137,472],{"class":78},[68,150139,7828],{"class":160},[68,150141,3933],{"class":78},[68,150143,150144,150146,150148,150151],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150145,129],{"class":128},[68,150147,79],{"class":78},[68,150149,150150],{"class":138},"nested",[68,150152,85],{"class":78},[20,150154,180],{},[59,150156,150158],{"className":61,"code":150157,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150159,150160],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150161,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150163,79],{"class":78},[68,150165,469],{"class":160},[68,150167,472],{"class":78},[68,150169,9266],{"class":78},[68,150171,203],{"class":114},[68,150173,49],{"class":118},[68,150175,203],{"class":114},[68,150177,472],{"class":78},[68,150179,197],{"class":114},[68,150181,4806],{"class":118},[68,150183,203],{"class":114},[68,150185,9263],{"class":78},[68,150187,725],{"class":78},[68,150189,438],{"class":160},[68,150191,472],{"class":78},[68,150193,7828],{"class":160},[68,150195,3933],{"class":78},[93,150197,150199,150200],{"id":150198},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150201,38080],{},[20,150203,150204,150205,150207],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150206,38080],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150209,150210,150211,236],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[49,150212,63234],{"href":63233},[1470,150214,105260],{"id":105259},[59,150216,150218],{"className":61,"code":150217,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150219,150220,150242],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150221,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150223,3663],{"class":106},[68,150225,111],{"class":110},[68,150227,149360],{"class":74},[68,150229,466],{"class":78},[68,150231,469],{"class":160},[68,150233,472],{"class":78},[68,150235,475],{"class":160},[68,150237,472],{"class":78},[68,150239,480],{"class":160},[68,150241,3933],{"class":78},[68,150243,150244,150246,150248,150250],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150245,129],{"class":128},[68,150247,79],{"class":78},[68,150249,3693],{"class":138},[68,150251,85],{"class":78},[20,150253,180],{},[59,150255,150256],{"className":61,"code":149573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,150257,150258],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150261,79],{"class":78},[68,150263,469],{"class":160},[68,150265,472],{"class":78},[68,150267,475],{"class":160},[68,150269,472],{"class":78},[68,150271,480],{"class":160},[68,150273,85],{"class":78},[1470,150275,105446],{"id":105445},[59,150277,150279],{"className":61,"code":150278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150280,150281,150299],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150282,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150284,36122],{"class":106},[68,150286,111],{"class":110},[68,150288,149360],{"class":74},[68,150290,79],{"class":78},[68,150292,344],{"class":114},[68,150294,41592],{"class":118},[68,150296,344],{"class":114},[68,150298,85],{"class":78},[68,150300,150301,150303,150305,150307],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150302,129],{"class":128},[68,150304,79],{"class":78},[68,150306,36175],{"class":138},[68,150308,85],{"class":78},[20,150310,180],{},[59,150312,150314],{"className":61,"code":150313,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150315,150316],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150319,79],{"class":78},[68,150321,203],{"class":114},[68,150323,49],{"class":118},[68,150325,203],{"class":114},[68,150327,472],{"class":78},[68,150329,197],{"class":114},[68,150331,4806],{"class":118},[68,150333,203],{"class":114},[68,150335,472],{"class":78},[68,150337,197],{"class":114},[68,150339,9769],{"class":118},[68,150341,203],{"class":114},[68,150343,85],{"class":78},[20,150345,150346],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1470,150348,150350],{"id":150349},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[59,150352,150354],{"className":61,"code":150353,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150355,150356,150374],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150357,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150359,3869],{"class":106},[68,150361,111],{"class":110},[68,150363,149360],{"class":74},[68,150365,79],{"class":78},[68,150367,60015],{"class":128},[68,150369,79],{"class":78},[68,150371,2568],{"class":160},[68,150373,142],{"class":78},[68,150375,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150377,129],{"class":128},[68,150379,79],{"class":78},[68,150381,5401],{"class":138},[68,150383,85],{"class":78},[20,150385,180],{},[59,150387,150389],{"className":61,"code":150388,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150390,150391],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150394,79],{"class":78},[68,150396,2192],{"class":160},[68,150398,472],{"class":78},[68,150400,5539],{"class":160},[68,150402,472],{"class":78},[68,150404,475],{"class":160},[68,150406,472],{"class":78},[68,150408,480],{"class":160},[68,150410,85],{"class":78},[20,150412,150413],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[93,150415,20835],{"id":20834},[33,150417,150418,150421,150424,150427],{},[36,150419,150420],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,150422,150423],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,150425,150426],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,150428,150429],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150431,150432,150433,236],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[49,150434,150436],{"href":150435},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[93,150438,1750],{"id":1749},[20,150440,150441],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1470,150443,150445],{"id":150444},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150447,150448],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[59,150450,150452],{"className":61,"code":150451,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150453,150454,150470],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150455,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150457,28573],{"class":106},[68,150459,111],{"class":110},[68,150461,9266],{"class":78},[68,150463,344],{"class":114},[68,150465,4123],{"class":118},[68,150467,344],{"class":114},[68,150469,85],{"class":78},[68,150471,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150473,129],{"class":128},[68,150475,79],{"class":78},[68,150477,75],{"class":74},[68,150479,79],{"class":78},[68,150481,23346],{"class":138},[68,150483,142],{"class":78},[20,150485,150486],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[59,150488,150490],{"className":61,"code":150489,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150491,150492,150508],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150495,28573],{"class":106},[68,150497,111],{"class":110},[68,150499,9266],{"class":78},[68,150501,344],{"class":114},[68,150503,4123],{"class":118},[68,150505,344],{"class":114},[68,150507,149350],{"class":78},[68,150509,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150511,129],{"class":128},[68,150513,79],{"class":78},[68,150515,75],{"class":74},[68,150517,79],{"class":78},[68,150519,23346],{"class":138},[68,150521,142],{"class":78},[1470,150523,150525],{"id":150524},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150527,150528],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[59,150530,150532],{"className":61,"code":150531,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150533,150534,150554],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150535,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150537,3869],{"class":106},[68,150539,111],{"class":110},[68,150541,725],{"class":78},[68,150543,469],{"class":160},[68,150545,472],{"class":78},[68,150547,475],{"class":160},[68,150549,472],{"class":78},[68,150551,480],{"class":160},[68,150553,730],{"class":78},[68,150555,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150557,129],{"class":128},[68,150559,79],{"class":78},[68,150561,75],{"class":74},[68,150563,79],{"class":78},[68,150565,5401],{"class":138},[68,150567,142],{"class":78},[20,150569,150570],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[59,150572,150574],{"className":61,"code":150573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150575,150576,150596],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150579,3869],{"class":106},[68,150581,111],{"class":110},[68,150583,9266],{"class":78},[68,150585,469],{"class":160},[68,150587,472],{"class":78},[68,150589,475],{"class":160},[68,150591,472],{"class":78},[68,150593,480],{"class":160},[68,150595,85],{"class":78},[68,150597,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150599,129],{"class":128},[68,150601,79],{"class":78},[68,150603,75],{"class":74},[68,150605,79],{"class":78},[68,150607,5401],{"class":138},[68,150609,142],{"class":78},[1470,150611,150613],{"id":150612},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150615,150426],{},[59,150617,150619],{"className":61,"code":150618,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150620,150621,150641],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150622,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150624,3663],{"class":106},[68,150626,111],{"class":110},[68,150628,9266],{"class":78},[68,150630,469],{"class":160},[68,150632,472],{"class":78},[68,150634,475],{"class":160},[68,150636,472],{"class":78},[68,150638,480],{"class":160},[68,150640,85],{"class":78},[68,150642,150643],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150644,150645],{"class":3708},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150647,150648],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1470,150650,37237,150652,150655],{"id":150651},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150653,150654],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150657,1479],{},[59,150659,150660],{"className":61,"code":150278,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,150661,150662,150680],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150665,36122],{"class":106},[68,150667,111],{"class":110},[68,150669,149360],{"class":74},[68,150671,79],{"class":78},[68,150673,344],{"class":114},[68,150675,41592],{"class":118},[68,150677,344],{"class":114},[68,150679,85],{"class":78},[68,150681,150682,150684,150686,150688],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150683,129],{"class":128},[68,150685,79],{"class":78},[68,150687,36175],{"class":138},[68,150689,85],{"class":78},[20,150691,150692],{},"gives:",[59,150694,150695],{"className":61,"code":150313,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,150696,150697],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150698,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150700,79],{"class":78},[68,150702,203],{"class":114},[68,150704,49],{"class":118},[68,150706,203],{"class":114},[68,150708,472],{"class":78},[68,150710,197],{"class":114},[68,150712,4806],{"class":118},[68,150714,203],{"class":114},[68,150716,472],{"class":78},[68,150718,197],{"class":114},[68,150720,9769],{"class":118},[68,150722,203],{"class":114},[68,150724,85],{"class":78},[20,150726,150727],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[59,150729,150731],{"className":61,"code":150730,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150732,150733,150749],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150734,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150736,6195],{"class":106},[68,150738,111],{"class":110},[68,150740,9266],{"class":78},[68,150742,344],{"class":114},[68,150744,41592],{"class":118},[68,150746,344],{"class":114},[68,150748,149350],{"class":78},[68,150750,150751,150753,150755,150757],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150752,129],{"class":128},[68,150754,79],{"class":78},[68,150756,38425],{"class":138},[68,150758,85],{"class":78},[20,150760,180],{},[59,150762,150764],{"className":61,"code":150763,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('abc',)\n",[15,150765,150766],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150767,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150769,79],{"class":78},[68,150771,203],{"class":114},[68,150773,41592],{"class":118},[68,150775,203],{"class":114},[68,150777,149350],{"class":78},[1470,150779,150781],{"id":150780},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150783,150784],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[59,150786,150788],{"className":61,"code":150787,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150789,150790,150807,150811,150821,150835],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,150791,150792,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,150793,150794],{"class":106},"my_tuple ",[68,150796,111],{"class":110},[68,150798,9266],{"class":78},[68,150800,344],{"class":114},[68,150802,4123],{"class":118},[68,150804,344],{"class":114},[68,150806,149350],{"class":78},[68,150808,150809],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,150810,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,150814,129],{"class":128},[68,150816,79],{"class":78},[68,150818,148012],{"class":138},[68,150820,85],{"class":78},[68,150822,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,150824,129],{"class":128},[68,150826,79],{"class":78},[68,150828,75],{"class":74},[68,150830,79],{"class":78},[68,150832,148012],{"class":138},[68,150834,142],{"class":78},[68,150836,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845,150847],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,150838,129],{"class":128},[68,150840,79],{"class":78},[68,150842,11191],{"class":128},[68,150844,79],{"class":78},[68,150846,148012],{"class":138},[68,150848,142],{"class":78},[93,150850,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,150852,150854],{"id":150853},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150856,150857,150858,150861],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150859,150860],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1470,150863,150865],{"id":150864},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150867,150868],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1470,150870,150872],{"id":150871},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150874,150875],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1470,150877,150879],{"id":150878},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150881,150882],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1470,150884,1878,150886,12748],{"id":150885},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150887,150654],{},[20,150889,5191,150890,150893],{},[15,150891,150892],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[93,150895,1952],{"id":1951},[33,150897,150898,150902,150906,150912,150917,150922,150926],{},[36,150899,150900],{},[49,150901,147994],{"href":147993},[36,150903,150904],{},[49,150905,149667],{"href":149666},[36,150907,150908],{},[49,150909,150911],{"href":150910},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,150913,150914],{},[49,150915,150916],{"href":149232},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,150918,150919],{},[49,150920,150921],{"href":149297},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,150923,150924],{},[49,150925,63234],{"href":63233},[36,150927,150928],{},[49,150929,150930],{"href":150435},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1995,150932,150933],{},"html pre.shiki code 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":150935},[150936,150937,150938,150939,150940,150941,150947,150953,150954,150962,150970],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":149526,"depth":125,"text":149527},{"id":149670,"depth":125,"text":149671},{"id":149763,"depth":125,"text":149764},{"id":149956,"depth":125,"text":149957,"children":150942},[150943,150944,150945,150946],{"id":3693,"depth":145,"text":56478},{"id":5351,"depth":145,"text":56481},{"id":150048,"depth":145,"text":150049},{"id":150091,"depth":145,"text":150092},{"id":150198,"depth":125,"text":150948,"children":150949},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150950,150951,150952],{"id":105259,"depth":145,"text":105260},{"id":105445,"depth":145,"text":105446},{"id":150349,"depth":145,"text":150350},{"id":20834,"depth":125,"text":20835},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":150955},[150956,150957,150958,150959,150961],{"id":150444,"depth":145,"text":150445},{"id":150524,"depth":145,"text":150525},{"id":150612,"depth":145,"text":150613},{"id":150651,"depth":145,"text":150960},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150780,"depth":145,"text":150781},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":150963},[150964,150965,150966,150967,150968],{"id":150853,"depth":145,"text":150854},{"id":150864,"depth":145,"text":150865},{"id":150871,"depth":145,"text":150872},{"id":150878,"depth":145,"text":150879},{"id":150885,"depth":145,"text":150969},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149283,"description":150971},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150978,"title":150979,"body":150980,"description":152525,"extension":2033,"meta":152526,"navigation":148,"path":152527,"seo":152528,"stem":152529,"__hash__":152530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150981,"toc":152495},[150982,150985,150990,150992,151005,151011,151013,151080,151082,151117,151122,151126,151130,151132,151143,151151,151153,151155,151176,151178,151198,151201,151203,151208,151251,151253,151275,151278,151291,151295,151299,151302,151355,151357,151378,151383,151387,151390,151435,151437,151470,151482,151486,151494,151531,151533,151562,151566,151569,151622,151624,151644,151651,151655,151660,151729,151731,151756,151760,151763,151769,151846,151848,151907,151909,151921,151926,151930,151934,151948,151950,151985,151987,152004,152007,152020,152024,152028,152039,152044,152059,152062,152065,152067,152070,152074,152076,152090,152092,152116,152121,152125,152128,152147,152150,152199,152204,152221,152224,152257,152261,152263,152314,152317,152342,152345,152368,152372,152378,152380,152415,152418,152423,152425,152429,152432,152436,152441,152445,152448,152452,152455,152459,152464,152466,152492],[10,150983,150979],{"id":150984},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150986,9154,150987,150989],{},[15,150988,38080],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150991,82602],{},[33,150993,150994,150999],{},[36,150995,150996,150998],{},[15,150997,38080],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,151000,151001,151004],{},[15,151002,151003],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151006,151007,151008,151010],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151009,38080],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[93,151012,2075],{"id":2074},[59,151014,151016],{"className":61,"code":151015,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151017,151018,151038,151052,151056,151066],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151019,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151021,3663],{"class":106},[68,151023,111],{"class":110},[68,151025,725],{"class":78},[68,151027,469],{"class":160},[68,151029,472],{"class":78},[68,151031,475],{"class":160},[68,151033,472],{"class":78},[68,151035,480],{"class":160},[68,151037,730],{"class":78},[68,151039,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151041,2297],{"class":106},[68,151043,111],{"class":110},[68,151045,149360],{"class":74},[68,151047,79],{"class":78},[68,151049,3693],{"class":138},[68,151051,85],{"class":78},[68,151053,151054],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151055,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151059,129],{"class":128},[68,151061,79],{"class":78},[68,151063,2331],{"class":138},[68,151065,85],{"class":78},[68,151067,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,151069,129],{"class":128},[68,151071,79],{"class":78},[68,151073,75],{"class":74},[68,151075,79],{"class":78},[68,151077,2331],{"class":138},[68,151079,142],{"class":78},[20,151081,180],{},[59,151083,151085],{"className":61,"code":151084,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151086,151087,151103],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151088,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151090,79],{"class":78},[68,151092,469],{"class":160},[68,151094,472],{"class":78},[68,151096,475],{"class":160},[68,151098,472],{"class":78},[68,151100,480],{"class":160},[68,151102,85],{"class":78},[68,151104,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151106,190],{"class":110},[68,151108,194],{"class":193},[68,151110,197],{"class":114},[68,151112,48971],{"class":118},[68,151114,203],{"class":114},[68,151116,206],{"class":110},[20,151118,224,151119,151121],{},[15,151120,151003],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[93,151123,151125],{"id":151124},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151127,151128,62942],{},[15,151129,38080],{},[20,151131,48945],{},[33,151133,151134,151137,151140],{},[36,151135,151136],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,151138,151139],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,151141,151142],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151144,151145,151146,151148,151149,236],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[49,151147,149298],{"href":149297}," or the full guide to ",[49,151150,147994],{"href":147993},[93,151152,303],{"id":302},[20,151154,26521],{},[59,151156,151158],{"className":61,"code":151157,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151159,151160,151166],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151161,151162,151164],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151163,48971],{"class":74},[68,151165,8677],{"class":78},[68,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151169,48971],{"class":74},[68,151171,79],{"class":78},[68,151173,3766],{"class":138},[68,151175,85],{"class":78},[20,151177,11489],{},[33,151179,151180,151183],{},[36,151181,151182],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,151184,151185,151186],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,151187,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196],{},[36,151189,5342],{},[36,151191,5351],{},[36,151193,63013],{},[36,151195,5348],{},[36,151197,7288],{},[20,151199,151200],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[93,151202,149671],{"id":149670},[20,151204,29684,151205,151207],{},[15,151206,38080],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[59,151209,151211],{"className":61,"code":151210,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151212,151213,151223,151227,151237],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151214,151215,151217,151219,151221],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151216,124860],{"class":106},[68,151218,111],{"class":110},[68,151220,149360],{"class":74},[68,151222,8677],{"class":78},[68,151224,151225],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151226,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151228,151229,151231,151233,151235],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151230,129],{"class":128},[68,151232,79],{"class":78},[68,151234,124911],{"class":138},[68,151236,85],{"class":78},[68,151238,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151240,129],{"class":128},[68,151242,79],{"class":78},[68,151244,75],{"class":74},[68,151246,79],{"class":78},[68,151248,124911],{"class":138},[68,151250,142],{"class":78},[20,151252,180],{},[59,151254,151255],{"className":61,"code":149716,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,151256,151257,151261],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151258,151259],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151260,8677],{"class":78},[68,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151264,190],{"class":110},[68,151266,194],{"class":193},[68,151268,197],{"class":114},[68,151270,48971],{"class":118},[68,151272,203],{"class":114},[68,151274,206],{"class":110},[20,151276,151277],{},"This is equivalent to:",[59,151279,151281],{"className":61,"code":151280,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty = ()\n",[15,151282,151283],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151284,151285,151287,151289],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151286,124860],{"class":106},[68,151288,111],{"class":110},[68,151290,149336],{"class":78},[93,151292,151294],{"id":151293},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1470,151296,151298],{"id":151297},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151300,151301],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[59,151303,151305],{"className":61,"code":151304,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151306,151307,151327,151341,151345],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151308,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151310,3663],{"class":106},[68,151312,111],{"class":110},[68,151314,725],{"class":78},[68,151316,438],{"class":160},[68,151318,472],{"class":78},[68,151320,7828],{"class":160},[68,151322,472],{"class":78},[68,151324,7833],{"class":160},[68,151326,730],{"class":78},[68,151328,151329,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151330,2297],{"class":106},[68,151332,111],{"class":110},[68,151334,149360],{"class":74},[68,151336,79],{"class":78},[68,151338,3693],{"class":138},[68,151340,85],{"class":78},[68,151342,151343],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151344,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151346,151347,151349,151351,151353],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151348,129],{"class":128},[68,151350,79],{"class":78},[68,151352,2331],{"class":138},[68,151354,85],{"class":78},[20,151356,180],{},[59,151358,151360],{"className":61,"code":151359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151361,151362],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151363,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151365,79],{"class":78},[68,151367,438],{"class":160},[68,151369,472],{"class":78},[68,151371,7828],{"class":160},[68,151373,472],{"class":78},[68,151375,7833],{"class":160},[68,151377,85],{"class":78},[20,151379,151380,151381,236],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[49,151382,105065],{"href":60072},[1470,151384,151386],{"id":151385},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151388,151389],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[59,151391,151393],{"className":61,"code":151392,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151394,151395,151407,151421,151425],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151398,1345],{"class":106},[68,151400,111],{"class":110},[68,151402,115],{"class":114},[68,151404,37080],{"class":118},[68,151406,122],{"class":114},[68,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151410,2297],{"class":106},[68,151412,111],{"class":110},[68,151414,149360],{"class":74},[68,151416,79],{"class":78},[68,151418,1367],{"class":138},[68,151420,85],{"class":78},[68,151422,151423],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151424,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151426,151427,151429,151431,151433],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151428,129],{"class":128},[68,151430,79],{"class":78},[68,151432,2331],{"class":138},[68,151434,85],{"class":78},[20,151436,180],{},[59,151438,151440],{"className":61,"code":151439,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151441,151442],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151443,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151445,79],{"class":78},[68,151447,203],{"class":114},[68,151449,9769],{"class":118},[68,151451,203],{"class":114},[68,151453,472],{"class":78},[68,151455,197],{"class":114},[68,151457,49],{"class":118},[68,151459,203],{"class":114},[68,151461,472],{"class":78},[68,151463,197],{"class":114},[68,151465,63303],{"class":118},[68,151467,203],{"class":114},[68,151469,85],{"class":78},[20,151471,151472,151473,14086,151476,151478,151479,236],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151474,151475],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1301,151477,1303],{}," create ",[15,151480,151481],{},"('cat',)",[1470,151483,151485],{"id":151484},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151487,151488,151490,151491,151493],{},[15,151489,36230],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151492,38080],{}," collects them all.",[59,151495,151497],{"className":61,"code":151496,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151498,151499,151517,151521],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151500,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151502,2297],{"class":106},[68,151504,111],{"class":110},[68,151506,149360],{"class":74},[68,151508,79],{"class":78},[68,151510,60015],{"class":128},[68,151512,79],{"class":78},[68,151514,1497],{"class":160},[68,151516,142],{"class":78},[68,151518,151519],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151520,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151522,151523,151525,151527,151529],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151524,129],{"class":128},[68,151526,79],{"class":78},[68,151528,2331],{"class":138},[68,151530,85],{"class":78},[20,151532,180],{},[59,151534,151536],{"className":61,"code":151535,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151537,151538],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151539,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151541,79],{"class":78},[68,151543,2192],{"class":160},[68,151545,472],{"class":78},[68,151547,5539],{"class":160},[68,151549,472],{"class":78},[68,151551,475],{"class":160},[68,151553,472],{"class":78},[68,151555,480],{"class":160},[68,151557,472],{"class":78},[68,151559,2521],{"class":160},[68,151561,85],{"class":78},[1470,151563,151565],{"id":151564},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151567,151568],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[59,151570,151572],{"className":61,"code":151571,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151573,151574,151594,151608,151612],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151575,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151577,3869],{"class":106},[68,151579,111],{"class":110},[68,151581,1221],{"class":78},[68,151583,469],{"class":160},[68,151585,472],{"class":78},[68,151587,475],{"class":160},[68,151589,472],{"class":78},[68,151591,480],{"class":160},[68,151593,9338],{"class":78},[68,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151597,2297],{"class":106},[68,151599,111],{"class":110},[68,151601,149360],{"class":74},[68,151603,79],{"class":78},[68,151605,5401],{"class":138},[68,151607,85],{"class":78},[68,151609,151610],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151611,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151613,151614,151616,151618,151620],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151615,129],{"class":128},[68,151617,79],{"class":78},[68,151619,2331],{"class":138},[68,151621,85],{"class":78},[20,151623,180],{},[59,151625,151626],{"className":61,"code":149573,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,151627,151628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151631,79],{"class":78},[68,151633,469],{"class":160},[68,151635,472],{"class":78},[68,151637,475],{"class":160},[68,151639,472],{"class":78},[68,151641,480],{"class":160},[68,151643,85],{"class":78},[20,151645,151646,151647,236],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[49,151648,151650],{"href":151649},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1470,151652,151654],{"id":151653},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151656,63556,151657,151659],{},[15,151658,38080],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[59,151661,151663],{"className":61,"code":151662,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151664,151665,151701,151715,151719],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151666,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151668,13237],{"class":106},[68,151670,111],{"class":110},[68,151672,1221],{"class":78},[68,151674,344],{"class":114},[68,151676,139],{"class":118},[68,151678,344],{"class":114},[68,151680,503],{"class":78},[68,151682,115],{"class":114},[68,151684,12913],{"class":118},[68,151686,344],{"class":114},[68,151688,472],{"class":78},[68,151690,115],{"class":114},[68,151692,395],{"class":118},[68,151694,344],{"class":114},[68,151696,503],{"class":78},[68,151698,9335],{"class":160},[68,151700,9338],{"class":78},[68,151702,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151704,2297],{"class":106},[68,151706,111],{"class":110},[68,151708,149360],{"class":74},[68,151710,79],{"class":78},[68,151712,17339],{"class":138},[68,151714,85],{"class":78},[68,151716,151717],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151718,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151720,151721,151723,151725,151727],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151722,129],{"class":128},[68,151724,79],{"class":78},[68,151726,2331],{"class":138},[68,151728,85],{"class":78},[20,151730,30064],{},[59,151732,151734],{"className":61,"code":151733,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151735,151736],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151739,79],{"class":78},[68,151741,203],{"class":114},[68,151743,139],{"class":118},[68,151745,203],{"class":114},[68,151747,472],{"class":78},[68,151749,197],{"class":114},[68,151751,395],{"class":118},[68,151753,203],{"class":114},[68,151755,85],{"class":78},[93,151757,151759],{"id":151758},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151761,151762],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151764,151765,151768],{},[15,151766,151767],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[59,151770,151772],{"className":61,"code":151771,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151773,151774,151810,151814,151828],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151775,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151777,13237],{"class":106},[68,151779,111],{"class":110},[68,151781,1221],{"class":78},[68,151783,344],{"class":114},[68,151785,139],{"class":118},[68,151787,344],{"class":114},[68,151789,503],{"class":78},[68,151791,115],{"class":114},[68,151793,12913],{"class":118},[68,151795,344],{"class":114},[68,151797,472],{"class":78},[68,151799,115],{"class":114},[68,151801,395],{"class":118},[68,151803,344],{"class":114},[68,151805,503],{"class":78},[68,151807,9335],{"class":160},[68,151809,9338],{"class":78},[68,151811,151812],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151813,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,151815,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,151817,129],{"class":128},[68,151819,79],{"class":78},[68,151821,48971],{"class":74},[68,151823,79],{"class":78},[68,151825,17339],{"class":138},[68,151827,142],{"class":78},[68,151829,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,151831,129],{"class":128},[68,151833,79],{"class":78},[68,151835,48971],{"class":74},[68,151837,79],{"class":78},[68,151839,17339],{"class":138},[68,151841,236],{"class":78},[68,151843,7848],{"class":138},[68,151845,6331],{"class":78},[20,151847,180],{},[59,151849,151851],{"className":61,"code":151850,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151852,151853,151873],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151854,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151856,79],{"class":78},[68,151858,203],{"class":114},[68,151860,139],{"class":118},[68,151862,203],{"class":114},[68,151864,472],{"class":78},[68,151866,197],{"class":114},[68,151868,395],{"class":118},[68,151870,203],{"class":114},[68,151872,85],{"class":78},[68,151874,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151876,5552],{"class":78},[68,151878,203],{"class":114},[68,151880,139],{"class":118},[68,151882,203],{"class":114},[68,151884,472],{"class":78},[68,151886,197],{"class":114},[68,151888,12913],{"class":118},[68,151890,203],{"class":114},[68,151892,9263],{"class":78},[68,151894,9266],{"class":78},[68,151896,203],{"class":114},[68,151898,395],{"class":118},[68,151900,203],{"class":114},[68,151902,472],{"class":78},[68,151904,9335],{"class":160},[68,151906,142],{"class":78},[20,151908,18728],{},[33,151910,151911,151916],{},[36,151912,151913,151915],{},[15,151914,151767],{}," for keys",[36,151917,151918,32590],{},[15,151919,151920],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151922,151923,151924,236],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[49,151925,63566],{"href":63565},[93,151927,151929],{"id":151928},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151931,151932,18352],{},[15,151933,38080],{},[33,151935,151936,151939,151942,151945],{},[36,151937,151938],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,151940,151941],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,151943,151944],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,151946,151947],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151949,326],{},[59,151951,151953],{"className":61,"code":151952,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151954,151955,151974],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151956,151957,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151958,151959],{"class":106},"coordinates ",[68,151961,111],{"class":110},[68,151963,149360],{"class":74},[68,151965,466],{"class":78},[68,151967,2568],{"class":160},[68,151969,472],{"class":78},[68,151971,6034],{"class":160},[68,151973,3933],{"class":78},[68,151975,151976,151978,151980,151983],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,151977,129],{"class":128},[68,151979,79],{"class":78},[68,151981,151982],{"class":138},"coordinates",[68,151984,85],{"class":78},[20,151986,180],{},[59,151988,151990],{"className":61,"code":151989,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151991,151992],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,151993,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,151995,79],{"class":78},[68,151997,2568],{"class":160},[68,151999,472],{"class":78},[68,152001,6034],{"class":160},[68,152003,85],{"class":78},[20,152005,152006],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,152008,152009,152011,152014,152017],{},[36,152010,151982],{},[36,152012,152013],{},"RGB colors",[36,152015,152016],{},"dates",[36,152018,152019],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[93,152021,152023],{"id":152022},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152025,44458,152026,10630],{},[15,152027,38080],{},[33,152029,152030,152033,152036],{},[36,152031,152032],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,152034,152035],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,152037,152038],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152040,116492,152041,152043],{},[1301,152042,1303],{}," work:",[59,152045,152047],{"className":61,"code":152046,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152048,152049],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152050,152051,152053,152055,152057],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152052,48971],{"class":74},[68,152054,79],{"class":78},[68,152056,1497],{"class":160},[68,152058,85],{"class":78},[20,152060,152061],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152063,152064],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[93,152066,115330],{"id":115329},[20,152068,152069],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1470,152071,152073],{"id":152072},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152075,2899],{},[59,152077,152078],{"className":61,"code":152046,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,152079,152080],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152081,152082,152084,152086,152088],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152083,48971],{"class":74},[68,152085,79],{"class":78},[68,152087,1497],{"class":160},[68,152089,85],{"class":78},[20,152091,29715],{},[59,152093,152094],{"className":61,"code":63670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,152095,152096],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152097,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152099,3060],{"class":74},[68,152101,503],{"class":78},[68,152103,197],{"class":114},[68,152105,217],{"class":118},[68,152107,203],{"class":114},[68,152109,24653],{"class":74},[68,152111,8133],{"class":110},[68,152113,8136],{"class":110},[68,152115,63693],{"class":106},[20,152117,152118,152119,236],{},"If you see this, read ",[49,152120,62308],{"href":52615},[1470,152122,152124],{"id":152123},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152126,152127],{},"This code:",[59,152129,152131],{"className":61,"code":152130,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152132,152133],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152134,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152136,48971],{"class":74},[68,152138,79],{"class":78},[68,152140,344],{"class":114},[68,152142,347],{"class":118},[68,152144,344],{"class":114},[68,152146,85],{"class":78},[20,152148,152149],{},"returns:",[59,152151,152153],{"className":61,"code":152152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152154,152155],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152156,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152158,79],{"class":78},[68,152160,203],{"class":114},[68,152162,60455],{"class":118},[68,152164,203],{"class":114},[68,152166,472],{"class":78},[68,152168,197],{"class":114},[68,152170,60464],{"class":118},[68,152172,203],{"class":114},[68,152174,472],{"class":78},[68,152176,197],{"class":114},[68,152178,60473],{"class":118},[68,152180,203],{"class":114},[68,152182,472],{"class":78},[68,152184,197],{"class":114},[68,152186,60473],{"class":118},[68,152188,203],{"class":114},[68,152190,472],{"class":78},[68,152192,197],{"class":114},[68,152194,60490],{"class":118},[68,152196,203],{"class":114},[68,152198,85],{"class":78},[20,152200,1524,152201,152203],{},[1301,152202,1303],{}," return:",[59,152205,152207],{"className":61,"code":152206,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('hello',)\n",[15,152208,152209],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152210,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152212,79],{"class":78},[68,152214,203],{"class":114},[68,152216,347],{"class":118},[68,152218,203],{"class":114},[68,152220,149350],{"class":78},[20,152222,152223],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[59,152225,152227],{"className":61,"code":152226,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152228,152229,152246],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152230,152231,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152232,152233],{"class":106},"single ",[68,152235,111],{"class":110},[68,152237,9266],{"class":78},[68,152239,344],{"class":114},[68,152241,347],{"class":118},[68,152243,344],{"class":114},[68,152245,149350],{"class":78},[68,152247,152248,152250,152252,152255],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152249,129],{"class":128},[68,152251,79],{"class":78},[68,152253,152254],{"class":138},"single",[68,152256,85],{"class":78},[1470,152258,152260],{"id":152259},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152262,152127],{},[59,152264,152266],{"className":61,"code":152265,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152267,152268,152300],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152269,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152271,9197],{"class":106},[68,152273,111],{"class":110},[68,152275,1221],{"class":78},[68,152277,344],{"class":114},[68,152279,49],{"class":118},[68,152281,344],{"class":114},[68,152283,503],{"class":78},[68,152285,5539],{"class":160},[68,152287,472],{"class":78},[68,152289,115],{"class":114},[68,152291,4806],{"class":118},[68,152293,344],{"class":114},[68,152295,503],{"class":78},[68,152297,475],{"class":160},[68,152299,9338],{"class":78},[68,152301,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152303,129],{"class":128},[68,152305,79],{"class":78},[68,152307,48971],{"class":74},[68,152309,79],{"class":78},[68,152311,9234],{"class":138},[68,152313,142],{"class":78},[20,152315,152316],{},"returns only the keys:",[59,152318,152320],{"className":61,"code":152319,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152321,152322],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152323,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152325,79],{"class":78},[68,152327,203],{"class":114},[68,152329,49],{"class":118},[68,152331,203],{"class":114},[68,152333,472],{"class":78},[68,152335,197],{"class":114},[68,152337,4806],{"class":118},[68,152339,203],{"class":114},[68,152341,85],{"class":78},[20,152343,152344],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[59,152346,152348],{"className":61,"code":152347,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152349,152350],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152351,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152353,129],{"class":128},[68,152355,79],{"class":78},[68,152357,48971],{"class":74},[68,152359,79],{"class":78},[68,152361,9234],{"class":138},[68,152363,236],{"class":78},[68,152365,7848],{"class":138},[68,152367,6331],{"class":78},[1470,152369,152371],{"id":152370},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152373,152374,152375,152377],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152376,38080],{}," conversion.",[20,152379,1335],{},[59,152381,152383],{"className":61,"code":152382,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152384,152385,152405],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152386,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152388,652],{"class":106},[68,152390,111],{"class":110},[68,152392,9266],{"class":78},[68,152394,469],{"class":160},[68,152396,472],{"class":78},[68,152398,475],{"class":160},[68,152400,472],{"class":78},[68,152402,480],{"class":160},[68,152404,85],{"class":78},[68,152406,152407,152409,152411,152413],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152408,129],{"class":128},[68,152410,79],{"class":78},[68,152412,665],{"class":138},[68,152414,85],{"class":78},[20,152416,152417],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152419,25539,152420,152422],{},[15,152421,38080],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[93,152424,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,152426,152428],{"id":152427},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152430,152431],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1470,152433,152435],{"id":152434},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152437,152438,152439,236],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152440,7403],{},[1470,152442,152444],{"id":152443},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152446,152447],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1470,152449,152451],{"id":152450},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152453,152454],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1470,152456,152458],{"id":152457},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152460,152461,152462,236],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152463,3060],{},[93,152465,1952],{"id":1951},[33,152467,152468,152472,152476,152480,152484,152488],{},[36,152469,152470],{},[49,152471,147994],{"href":147993},[36,152473,152474],{},[49,152475,150921],{"href":149297},[36,152477,152478],{},[49,152479,105065],{"href":60072},[36,152481,152482],{},[49,152483,151650],{"href":151649},[36,152485,152486],{},[49,152487,63566],{"href":63565},[36,152489,152490],{},[49,152491,62308],{"href":52615},[1995,152493,152494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":152496},[152497,152498,152499,152500,152501,152508,152509,152510,152511,152517,152524],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":151124,"depth":125,"text":151125},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":149670,"depth":125,"text":149671},{"id":151293,"depth":125,"text":151294,"children":152502},[152503,152504,152505,152506,152507],{"id":151297,"depth":145,"text":151298},{"id":151385,"depth":145,"text":151386},{"id":151484,"depth":145,"text":151485},{"id":151564,"depth":145,"text":151565},{"id":151653,"depth":145,"text":151654},{"id":151758,"depth":125,"text":151759},{"id":151928,"depth":125,"text":151929},{"id":152022,"depth":125,"text":152023},{"id":115329,"depth":125,"text":115330,"children":152512},[152513,152514,152515,152516],{"id":152072,"depth":145,"text":152073},{"id":152123,"depth":145,"text":152124},{"id":152259,"depth":145,"text":152260},{"id":152370,"depth":145,"text":152371},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":152518},[152519,152520,152521,152522,152523],{"id":152427,"depth":145,"text":152428},{"id":152434,"depth":145,"text":152435},{"id":152443,"depth":145,"text":152444},{"id":152450,"depth":145,"text":152451},{"id":152457,"depth":145,"text":152458},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150979,"description":152525},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152532,"title":152533,"body":152534,"description":153947,"extension":2033,"meta":153948,"navigation":148,"path":153949,"seo":153950,"stem":153951,"__hash__":153952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152535,"toc":153919},[152536,152541,152546,152549,152551,152630,152636,152641,152645,152660,152662,152709,152711,152719,152727,152733,152735,152740,152760,152763,152790,152792,152816,152818,152960,152962,152966,152974,152977,152979,153056,153058,153066,153070,153074,153084,153094,153096,153101,153103,153162,153167,153169,153269,153271,153285,153290,153296,153303,153306,153308,153418,153422,153439,153441,153504,153506,153514,153526,153530,153535,153563,153566,153648,153650,153661,153663,153667,153694,153696,153698,153778,153786,153788,153843,153845,153850,153853,153857,153861,153863,153867,153871,153879,153886,153889,153891,153916],[10,152537,147878,152539,11352],{"id":152538},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152540,58984],{},[20,152542,152543,152545],{},[15,152544,149199],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152547,152548],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[93,152550,2075],{"id":2074},[59,152552,152554],{"className":61,"code":152553,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152555,152556,152596,152618],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152557,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152559,13108],{"class":106},[68,152561,111],{"class":110},[68,152563,9266],{"class":78},[68,152565,344],{"class":114},[68,152567,13125],{"class":118},[68,152569,344],{"class":114},[68,152571,472],{"class":78},[68,152573,115],{"class":114},[68,152575,13142],{"class":118},[68,152577,344],{"class":114},[68,152579,472],{"class":78},[68,152581,115],{"class":114},[68,152583,17488],{"class":118},[68,152585,344],{"class":114},[68,152587,472],{"class":78},[68,152589,115],{"class":114},[68,152591,13142],{"class":118},[68,152593,344],{"class":114},[68,152595,85],{"class":78},[68,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152599,64934],{"class":106},[68,152601,111],{"class":110},[68,152603,13156],{"class":106},[68,152605,236],{"class":78},[68,152607,35877],{"class":138},[68,152609,79],{"class":78},[68,152611,344],{"class":114},[68,152613,13142],{"class":118},[68,152615,344],{"class":114},[68,152617,85],{"class":78},[68,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,152621,129],{"class":128},[68,152623,79],{"class":78},[68,152625,64961],{"class":138},[68,152627,1701],{"class":78},[68,152629,27814],{"class":3708},[20,152631,152632,152635],{},[15,152633,152634],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[93,152637,3722,152639,3725],{"id":152638},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152640,149199],{},[20,152642,2050,152643,11443],{},[15,152644,58984],{},[33,152646,152647,152650,152652,152655],{},[36,152648,152649],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,152651,128477],{},[36,152653,152654],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,152656,152657,152658],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152659,2192],{},[20,152661,326],{},[59,152663,152665],{"className":61,"code":152664,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152666,152667,152691],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152668,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152670,3663],{"class":106},[68,152672,111],{"class":110},[68,152674,9266],{"class":78},[68,152676,438],{"class":160},[68,152678,472],{"class":78},[68,152680,7828],{"class":160},[68,152682,472],{"class":78},[68,152684,7833],{"class":160},[68,152686,472],{"class":78},[68,152688,7828],{"class":160},[68,152690,85],{"class":78},[68,152692,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152694,129],{"class":128},[68,152696,79],{"class":78},[68,152698,3693],{"class":138},[68,152700,236],{"class":78},[68,152702,35877],{"class":138},[68,152704,79],{"class":78},[68,152706,15786],{"class":160},[68,152708,142],{"class":78},[20,152710,180],{},[59,152712,152713],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,152714,152715],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152716,152717],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152718,46937],{"class":160},[20,152720,21012,152721,152723,152724,152726],{},[15,152722,15786],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152725,58984],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152728,151145,152729,236],{},[49,152730,152732],{"href":152731},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[93,152734,303],{"id":302},[20,152736,7800,152737,152739],{},[15,152738,58984],{}," in two ways:",[59,152741,152743],{"className":61,"code":152742,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152744,152745],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152746,152747,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152748,152749],{"class":106},"tuple_name",[68,152751,236],{"class":78},[68,152753,35877],{"class":138},[68,152755,79],{"class":78},[68,152757,665],{"class":138},[68,152759,85],{"class":78},[20,152761,152762],{},"or:",[59,152764,152766],{"className":61,"code":152765,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152767,152768],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152771,152749],{"class":106},[68,152773,236],{"class":78},[68,152775,35877],{"class":138},[68,152777,79],{"class":78},[68,152779,665],{"class":138},[68,152781,472],{"class":78},[68,152783,36083],{"class":138},[68,152785,472],{"class":78},[68,152787,65055],{"class":138},[68,152789,85],{"class":78},[1470,152791,17427],{"id":17426},[33,152793,152794,152799,152804,152809],{},[36,152795,152796,152798],{},[15,152797,665],{}," — the item to search for",[36,152800,152801,152803],{},[15,152802,36104],{}," — optional starting position",[36,152805,152806,152808],{},[15,152807,52676],{}," — optional ending position",[36,152810,152811,4829,152813,152815],{},[15,152812,52676],{},[1301,152814,65084],{}," in the search",[20,152817,326],{},[59,152819,152821],{"className":61,"code":152820,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152822,152823,152871,152875,152900,152928],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152824,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152826,36122],{"class":106},[68,152828,111],{"class":110},[68,152830,9266],{"class":78},[68,152832,344],{"class":114},[68,152834,49],{"class":118},[68,152836,344],{"class":114},[68,152838,472],{"class":78},[68,152840,115],{"class":114},[68,152842,4806],{"class":118},[68,152844,344],{"class":114},[68,152846,472],{"class":78},[68,152848,115],{"class":114},[68,152850,9769],{"class":118},[68,152852,344],{"class":114},[68,152854,472],{"class":78},[68,152856,115],{"class":114},[68,152858,4806],{"class":118},[68,152860,344],{"class":114},[68,152862,472],{"class":78},[68,152864,115],{"class":114},[68,152866,18801],{"class":118},[68,152868,344],{"class":114},[68,152870,85],{"class":78},[68,152872,152873],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,152874,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,152876,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,152878,129],{"class":128},[68,152880,79],{"class":78},[68,152882,36175],{"class":138},[68,152884,236],{"class":78},[68,152886,35877],{"class":138},[68,152888,79],{"class":78},[68,152890,344],{"class":114},[68,152892,4806],{"class":118},[68,152894,344],{"class":114},[68,152896,1636],{"class":78},[68,152898,152899],{"class":3708},"        # 1\n",[68,152901,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,152903,129],{"class":128},[68,152905,79],{"class":78},[68,152907,36175],{"class":138},[68,152909,236],{"class":78},[68,152911,35877],{"class":138},[68,152913,79],{"class":78},[68,152915,344],{"class":114},[68,152917,4806],{"class":118},[68,152919,344],{"class":114},[68,152921,472],{"class":78},[68,152923,475],{"class":160},[68,152925,1636],{"class":78},[68,152927,50933],{"class":3708},[68,152929,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,152931,129],{"class":128},[68,152933,79],{"class":78},[68,152935,36175],{"class":138},[68,152937,236],{"class":78},[68,152939,35877],{"class":138},[68,152941,79],{"class":78},[68,152943,344],{"class":114},[68,152945,4806],{"class":118},[68,152947,344],{"class":114},[68,152949,472],{"class":78},[68,152951,5539],{"class":160},[68,152953,472],{"class":78},[68,152955,480],{"class":160},[68,152957,1636],{"class":78},[68,152959,27814],{"class":3708},[93,152961,103393],{"id":103392},[20,152963,152964,25542],{},[15,152965,149199],{},[33,152967,152968,152971],{},[36,152969,152970],{},"An integer",[36,152972,152973],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152975,152976],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152978,326],{},[59,152980,152982],{"className":61,"code":152981,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152983,152984,153024,153046],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,152985,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,152987,108491],{"class":106},[68,152989,111],{"class":110},[68,152991,9266],{"class":78},[68,152993,344],{"class":114},[68,152995,37080],{"class":118},[68,152997,344],{"class":114},[68,152999,472],{"class":78},[68,153001,115],{"class":114},[68,153003,58143],{"class":118},[68,153005,344],{"class":114},[68,153007,472],{"class":78},[68,153009,115],{"class":114},[68,153011,58160],{"class":118},[68,153013,344],{"class":114},[68,153015,472],{"class":78},[68,153017,115],{"class":114},[68,153019,58143],{"class":118},[68,153021,344],{"class":114},[68,153023,85],{"class":78},[68,153025,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153027,2297],{"class":106},[68,153029,111],{"class":110},[68,153031,108534],{"class":106},[68,153033,236],{"class":78},[68,153035,35877],{"class":138},[68,153037,79],{"class":78},[68,153039,344],{"class":114},[68,153041,58143],{"class":118},[68,153043,344],{"class":114},[68,153045,85],{"class":78},[68,153047,153048,153050,153052,153054],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153049,129],{"class":128},[68,153051,79],{"class":78},[68,153053,2331],{"class":138},[68,153055,85],{"class":78},[20,153057,180],{},[59,153059,153060],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,153061,153062],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153063,153064],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153065,46937],{"class":160},[93,153067,153069],{"id":153068},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153071,224,153072,10630],{},[15,153073,149199],{},[33,153075,153076,153078,153081],{},[36,153077,66113],{},[36,153079,153080],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,153082,153083],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153085,153086,153087,153090,153091,236],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153088,153089],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[49,153092,149667],{"href":153093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[93,153095,65645],{"id":65644},[20,153097,153098,153099,236],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153100,40738],{},[20,153102,326],{},[59,153104,153106],{"className":61,"code":153105,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153107,153108,153140],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153109,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153111,13108],{"class":106},[68,153113,111],{"class":110},[68,153115,9266],{"class":78},[68,153117,344],{"class":114},[68,153119,13125],{"class":118},[68,153121,344],{"class":114},[68,153123,472],{"class":78},[68,153125,115],{"class":114},[68,153127,13142],{"class":118},[68,153129,344],{"class":114},[68,153131,472],{"class":78},[68,153133,115],{"class":114},[68,153135,17488],{"class":118},[68,153137,344],{"class":114},[68,153139,85],{"class":78},[68,153141,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153143,129],{"class":128},[68,153145,79],{"class":78},[68,153147,17535],{"class":138},[68,153149,236],{"class":78},[68,153151,35877],{"class":138},[68,153153,79],{"class":78},[68,153155,344],{"class":114},[68,153157,22559],{"class":118},[68,153159,344],{"class":114},[68,153161,142],{"class":78},[20,153163,39688,153164,153166],{},[15,153165,109816],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153168,65720],{},[59,153170,153172],{"className":61,"code":153171,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153173,153174,153206,153210,153226,153248,153254],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153175,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153177,13108],{"class":106},[68,153179,111],{"class":110},[68,153181,9266],{"class":78},[68,153183,344],{"class":114},[68,153185,13125],{"class":118},[68,153187,344],{"class":114},[68,153189,472],{"class":78},[68,153191,115],{"class":114},[68,153193,13142],{"class":118},[68,153195,344],{"class":114},[68,153197,472],{"class":78},[68,153199,115],{"class":114},[68,153201,17488],{"class":118},[68,153203,344],{"class":114},[68,153205,85],{"class":78},[68,153207,153208],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153209,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,153211,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153213,1099],{"class":1098},[68,153215,115],{"class":114},[68,153217,22559],{"class":118},[68,153219,344],{"class":114},[68,153221,21208],{"class":110},[68,153223,13156],{"class":106},[68,153225,1648],{"class":78},[68,153227,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,153229,1118],{"class":128},[68,153231,79],{"class":78},[68,153233,17535],{"class":138},[68,153235,236],{"class":78},[68,153237,35877],{"class":138},[68,153239,79],{"class":78},[68,153241,344],{"class":114},[68,153243,22559],{"class":118},[68,153245,344],{"class":114},[68,153247,142],{"class":78},[68,153249,153250,153252],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,153251,27468],{"class":1098},[68,153253,1648],{"class":78},[68,153255,153256,153258,153260,153262,153265,153267],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,153257,1118],{"class":128},[68,153259,79],{"class":78},[68,153261,344],{"class":114},[68,153263,153264],{"class":118},"Value not found",[68,153266,344],{"class":114},[68,153268,85],{"class":78},[20,153270,180],{},[59,153272,153274],{"className":61,"code":153273,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Value not found\n",[15,153275,153276],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153277,153278,153281,153283],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153279,153280],{"class":106},"Value ",[68,153282,1303],{"class":110},[68,153284,65844],{"class":106},[20,153286,153287,153288,236],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[49,153289,65854],{"href":65853},[93,153291,633,153292,232,153294],{"id":65421},[15,153293,36104],{},[15,153295,52676],{},[20,153297,2050,153298,232,153300,153302],{},[15,153299,36104],{},[15,153301,52676],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153304,153305],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153307,326],{},[59,153309,153311],{"className":61,"code":153310,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153312,153313,153341,153345,153366,153390],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153314,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153316,3869],{"class":106},[68,153318,111],{"class":110},[68,153320,9266],{"class":78},[68,153322,1497],{"class":160},[68,153324,472],{"class":78},[68,153326,6045],{"class":160},[68,153328,472],{"class":78},[68,153330,4650],{"class":160},[68,153332,472],{"class":78},[68,153334,7828],{"class":160},[68,153336,472],{"class":78},[68,153338,4650],{"class":160},[68,153340,85],{"class":78},[68,153342,153343],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153344,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,153346,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153348,129],{"class":128},[68,153350,79],{"class":78},[68,153352,5401],{"class":138},[68,153354,236],{"class":78},[68,153356,35877],{"class":138},[68,153358,79],{"class":78},[68,153360,1497],{"class":160},[68,153362,1636],{"class":78},[68,153364,153365],{"class":3708},"        # 0\n",[68,153367,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,153369,129],{"class":128},[68,153371,79],{"class":78},[68,153373,5401],{"class":138},[68,153375,236],{"class":78},[68,153377,35877],{"class":138},[68,153379,79],{"class":78},[68,153381,1497],{"class":160},[68,153383,472],{"class":78},[68,153385,5539],{"class":160},[68,153387,1636],{"class":78},[68,153389,50967],{"class":3708},[68,153391,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,153393,129],{"class":128},[68,153395,79],{"class":78},[68,153397,5401],{"class":138},[68,153399,236],{"class":78},[68,153401,35877],{"class":138},[68,153403,79],{"class":78},[68,153405,1497],{"class":160},[68,153407,472],{"class":78},[68,153409,480],{"class":160},[68,153411,472],{"class":78},[68,153413,4650],{"class":160},[68,153415,1636],{"class":78},[68,153417,50950],{"class":3708},[1470,153419,153421],{"id":153420},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,153423,153424,153429,153434],{},[36,153425,153426,153428],{},[15,153427,36104],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,153430,153431,153433],{},[15,153432,52676],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,153435,2050,153436,153438],{},[15,153437,52676],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153440,326],{},[59,153442,153444],{"className":61,"code":153443,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153445,153446,153474,153478],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153447,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153449,3869],{"class":106},[68,153451,111],{"class":110},[68,153453,9266],{"class":78},[68,153455,1497],{"class":160},[68,153457,472],{"class":78},[68,153459,6045],{"class":160},[68,153461,472],{"class":78},[68,153463,4650],{"class":160},[68,153465,472],{"class":78},[68,153467,7828],{"class":160},[68,153469,472],{"class":78},[68,153471,4650],{"class":160},[68,153473,85],{"class":78},[68,153475,153476],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153477,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,153479,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153481,129],{"class":128},[68,153483,79],{"class":78},[68,153485,5401],{"class":138},[68,153487,236],{"class":78},[68,153489,35877],{"class":138},[68,153491,79],{"class":78},[68,153493,1497],{"class":160},[68,153495,472],{"class":78},[68,153497,5539],{"class":160},[68,153499,472],{"class":78},[68,153501,2521],{"class":160},[68,153503,142],{"class":78},[20,153505,180],{},[59,153507,153508],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,153509,153510],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153511,153512],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153513,17089],{"class":160},[20,153515,153516,153517,1448,153519,1453,153521,153523,153524,236],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153518,469],{},[15,153520,2129],{},[15,153522,2135],{},", but not ",[15,153525,2568],{},[93,153527,153529],{"id":153528},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153531,153532,153533,503],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153534,149199],{},[33,153536,153537,153545,153550,153557],{},[36,153538,153539,153540,153542,153543],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1301,153541,665],{}," with the ",[1301,153544,35877],{},[36,153546,153547,153548],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153549,2192],{},[36,153551,224,153552,153556],{},[49,153553,149225,153554,10770],{"href":149277},[15,153555,57306],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,153558,153559,153560,153562],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153561,153089],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153564,153565],{},"Example of value vs index:",[59,153567,153569],{"className":61,"code":153568,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153570,153571,153603,153607,153631],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153572,153573,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153574,36271],{"class":106},[68,153576,111],{"class":110},[68,153578,9266],{"class":78},[68,153580,344],{"class":114},[68,153582,4123],{"class":118},[68,153584,344],{"class":114},[68,153586,472],{"class":78},[68,153588,115],{"class":114},[68,153590,4132],{"class":118},[68,153592,344],{"class":114},[68,153594,472],{"class":78},[68,153596,115],{"class":114},[68,153598,33254],{"class":118},[68,153600,344],{"class":114},[68,153602,85],{"class":78},[68,153604,153605],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153606,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,153608,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153610,129],{"class":128},[68,153612,79],{"class":78},[68,153614,36323],{"class":138},[68,153616,236],{"class":78},[68,153618,35877],{"class":138},[68,153620,79],{"class":78},[68,153622,344],{"class":114},[68,153624,4132],{"class":118},[68,153626,344],{"class":114},[68,153628,1636],{"class":78},[68,153630,27814],{"class":3708},[68,153632,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,153634,129],{"class":128},[68,153636,79],{"class":78},[68,153638,36323],{"class":138},[68,153640,795],{"class":78},[68,153642,469],{"class":160},[68,153644,20480],{"class":78},[68,153646,153647],{"class":3708},"               # banana\n",[20,153649,2250],{},[33,153651,153652,153656],{},[36,153653,153654,15278],{},[15,153655,65289],{},[36,153657,153658,153660],{},[15,153659,469],{}," is the index",[93,153662,1750],{"id":1749},[20,153664,106130,153665,503],{},[15,153666,149199],{},[33,153668,153669,153672,153677,153682,153689],{},[36,153670,153671],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,153673,1770,153674,153676],{},[15,153675,58984],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,153678,153679,153680],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153681,2192],{},[36,153683,153684,153685,232,153687],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153686,36104],{},[15,153688,52676],{},[36,153690,37237,153691,153693],{},[15,153692,149199],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1470,153695,60727],{"id":60726},[20,153697,94393],{},[59,153699,153701],{"className":61,"code":153700,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153702,153703,153713,153727,153742,153760],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153706,129],{"class":128},[68,153708,79],{"class":78},[68,153710,148012],{"class":138},[68,153712,85],{"class":78},[68,153714,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153716,129],{"class":128},[68,153718,79],{"class":78},[68,153720,11191],{"class":128},[68,153722,79],{"class":78},[68,153724,148012],{"class":138},[68,153726,142],{"class":78},[68,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153740],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153730,129],{"class":128},[68,153732,79],{"class":78},[68,153734,652],{"class":138},[68,153736,3927],{"class":1098},[68,153738,153739],{"class":138}," my_tuple",[68,153741,85],{"class":78},[68,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,153745,129],{"class":128},[68,153747,79],{"class":78},[68,153749,148012],{"class":138},[68,153751,236],{"class":78},[68,153753,41291],{"class":138},[68,153755,79],{"class":78},[68,153757,665],{"class":138},[68,153759,142],{"class":78},[68,153761,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,153763,129],{"class":128},[68,153765,79],{"class":78},[68,153767,148012],{"class":138},[68,153769,236],{"class":78},[68,153771,35877],{"class":138},[68,153773,79],{"class":78},[68,153775,665],{"class":138},[68,153777,142],{"class":78},[20,153779,153780,153781,84410,153783,153785],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153782,40738],{},[15,153784,665],{}," is missing.",[20,153787,129630],{},[59,153789,153791],{"className":61,"code":153790,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153792,153793,153805,153823,153829],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153794,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153796,1099],{"class":1098},[68,153798,21619],{"class":106},[68,153800,3927],{"class":110},[68,153802,153739],{"class":106},[68,153804,1648],{"class":78},[68,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,153808,1118],{"class":128},[68,153810,79],{"class":78},[68,153812,148012],{"class":138},[68,153814,236],{"class":78},[68,153816,35877],{"class":138},[68,153818,79],{"class":78},[68,153820,665],{"class":138},[68,153822,142],{"class":78},[68,153824,153825,153827],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,153826,27468],{"class":1098},[68,153828,1648],{"class":78},[68,153830,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,153832,1118],{"class":128},[68,153834,79],{"class":78},[68,153836,344],{"class":114},[68,153838,153264],{"class":118},[68,153840,344],{"class":114},[68,153842,85],{"class":78},[93,153844,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,153846,1878,153848,12748],{"id":153847},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153849,149199],{},[20,153851,153852],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1470,153854,153856],{"id":153855},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153858,153859,152726],{},[15,153860,149199],{},[1470,153862,149178],{"id":149177},[20,153864,76872,153865,236],{},[15,153866,40738],{},[1470,153868,153870],{"id":153869},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153872,153873,153874,232,153876,153878],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153875,36104],{},[15,153877,52676],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1470,153880,1900,153882,1903,153884,1906],{"id":153881},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153883,149199],{},[15,153885,64880],{},[20,153887,153888],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[93,153890,1952],{"id":1951},[33,153892,153893,153899,153903,153908,153912],{},[36,153894,153895],{},[49,153896,149225,153897,10770],{"href":149277},[15,153898,57306],{},[36,153900,153901],{},[49,153902,149667],{"href":153093},[36,153904,153905],{},[49,153906,153907],{"href":150973},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,153909,153910],{},[49,153911,65854],{"href":65853},[36,153913,153914],{},[49,153915,150921],{"href":152731},[1995,153917,153918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303,"children":153925},[153926],{"id":17426,"depth":145,"text":17427},{"id":103392,"depth":125,"text":103393},{"id":153068,"depth":125,"text":153069},{"id":65644,"depth":125,"text":65645},{"id":65421,"depth":125,"text":66204,"children":153931},[153932],{"id":153420,"depth":145,"text":153421},{"id":153528,"depth":125,"text":153529},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750,"children":153935},[153936],{"id":60726,"depth":145,"text":60727},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":153938},[153939,153941,153942,153943,153944],{"id":153847,"depth":145,"text":153940},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153855,"depth":145,"text":153856},{"id":149177,"depth":145,"text":149178},{"id":153869,"depth":145,"text":153870},{"id":153881,"depth":145,"text":153945},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152533,"description":153947},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153954,"title":153955,"body":153956,"description":155351,"extension":2033,"meta":155352,"navigation":148,"path":153093,"seo":155353,"stem":155354,"__hash__":155355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153957,"toc":155333},[153958,153961,153964,153967,153981,153983,153986,154080,154090,154096,154100,154103,154106,154108,154126,154128,154199,154201,154218,154222,154226,154229,154246,154249,154264,154266,154357,154360,154364,154367,154384,154386,154481,154484,154487,154491,154494,154588,154590,154609,154612,154616,154619,154621,154676,154678,154713,154716,154730,154738,154831,154840,154844,154847,154854,154857,154904,154906,154914,154917,154968,154970,154987,154992,154996,154999,155002,155004,155055,155058,155113,155116,155119,155121,155124,155144,155146,155219,155222,155235,155237,155241,155246,155250,155255,155272,155276,155279,155296,155300,155303,155305,155330],[10,153959,153955],{"id":153960},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153962,153963],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153965,153966],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,153968,153969,153972,153975,153978],{},[36,153970,153971],{},"positive indexes",[36,153973,153974],{},"negative indexes",[36,153976,153977],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,153979,153980],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[93,153982,96],{"id":95},[20,153984,153985],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[59,153987,153989],{"className":61,"code":153988,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153990,153991,154023,154027,154044,154061],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,153992,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,153994,13108],{"class":106},[68,153996,111],{"class":110},[68,153998,9266],{"class":78},[68,154000,344],{"class":114},[68,154002,13125],{"class":118},[68,154004,344],{"class":114},[68,154006,472],{"class":78},[68,154008,115],{"class":114},[68,154010,17488],{"class":118},[68,154012,344],{"class":114},[68,154014,472],{"class":78},[68,154016,115],{"class":114},[68,154018,13142],{"class":118},[68,154020,344],{"class":114},[68,154022,85],{"class":78},[68,154024,154025],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154026,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154028,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154030,129],{"class":128},[68,154032,79],{"class":78},[68,154034,17535],{"class":138},[68,154036,795],{"class":78},[68,154038,2192],{"class":160},[68,154040,20480],{"class":78},[68,154042,154043],{"class":3708},"   # red\n",[68,154045,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154047,129],{"class":128},[68,154049,79],{"class":78},[68,154051,17535],{"class":138},[68,154053,795],{"class":78},[68,154055,469],{"class":160},[68,154057,20480],{"class":78},[68,154059,154060],{"class":3708},"   # green\n",[68,154062,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154064,129],{"class":128},[68,154066,79],{"class":78},[68,154068,17535],{"class":138},[68,154070,795],{"class":78},[68,154072,2094],{"class":110},[68,154074,469],{"class":160},[68,154076,20480],{"class":78},[68,154078,154079],{"class":3708},"  # blue\n",[33,154081,154082,154087],{},[36,154083,132419,154084,154086],{},[15,154085,2192],{}," is the first item.",[36,154088,154089],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154091,154092,154093,236],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[49,154094,154095],{"href":147997},"how to create a tuple in Python",[93,154097,154099],{"id":154098},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154101,154102],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154104,154105],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154107,11489],{},[33,154109,154110,154113,154120,154123],{},[36,154111,154112],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,154114,154115,154116,18997,154118],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154117,2192],{},[15,154119,469],{},[36,154121,154122],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,154124,154125],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154127,326],{},[59,154129,154131],{"className":61,"code":154130,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154132,154133,154153,154157,154171,154185],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154134,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154136,3663],{"class":106},[68,154138,111],{"class":110},[68,154140,9266],{"class":78},[68,154142,438],{"class":160},[68,154144,472],{"class":78},[68,154146,7828],{"class":160},[68,154148,472],{"class":78},[68,154150,7833],{"class":160},[68,154152,85],{"class":78},[68,154154,154155],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154156,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154160,129],{"class":128},[68,154162,79],{"class":78},[68,154164,3693],{"class":138},[68,154166,795],{"class":78},[68,154168,2192],{"class":160},[68,154170,3933],{"class":78},[68,154172,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154174,129],{"class":128},[68,154176,79],{"class":78},[68,154178,3693],{"class":138},[68,154180,795],{"class":78},[68,154182,469],{"class":160},[68,154184,3933],{"class":78},[68,154186,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154188,129],{"class":128},[68,154190,79],{"class":78},[68,154192,3693],{"class":138},[68,154194,795],{"class":78},[68,154196,2129],{"class":160},[68,154198,3933],{"class":78},[20,154200,180],{},[59,154202,154204],{"className":61,"code":154203,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154205,154206,154210,154214],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154207,154208],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154209,2442],{"class":160},[68,154211,154212],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154213,71238],{"class":160},[68,154215,154216],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154217,69854],{"class":160},[20,154219,59409,154220,236],{},[49,154221,147994],{"href":147993},[93,154223,154225],{"id":154224},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154227,154228],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,154230,154231,154236,154241],{},[36,154232,154233,154235],{},[15,154234,2192],{}," = first item",[36,154237,154238,154240],{},[15,154239,469],{}," = second item",[36,154242,154243,154245],{},[15,154244,2129],{}," = third item",[20,154247,154248],{},"Pattern:",[59,154250,154252],{"className":61,"code":154251,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154253,154254],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154257,152749],{"class":106},[68,154259,795],{"class":78},[68,154261,35877],{"class":106},[68,154263,730],{"class":78},[20,154265,326],{},[59,154267,154269],{"className":61,"code":154268,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154270,154271,154303,154307,154324,154340],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154272,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154274,36271],{"class":106},[68,154276,111],{"class":110},[68,154278,9266],{"class":78},[68,154280,344],{"class":114},[68,154282,4123],{"class":118},[68,154284,344],{"class":114},[68,154286,472],{"class":78},[68,154288,115],{"class":114},[68,154290,4132],{"class":118},[68,154292,344],{"class":114},[68,154294,472],{"class":78},[68,154296,115],{"class":114},[68,154298,4141],{"class":118},[68,154300,344],{"class":114},[68,154302,85],{"class":78},[68,154304,154305],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154306,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154308,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154310,129],{"class":128},[68,154312,79],{"class":78},[68,154314,36323],{"class":138},[68,154316,795],{"class":78},[68,154318,2192],{"class":160},[68,154320,20480],{"class":78},[68,154322,154323],{"class":3708},"  # apple\n",[68,154325,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154327,129],{"class":128},[68,154329,79],{"class":78},[68,154331,36323],{"class":138},[68,154333,795],{"class":78},[68,154335,469],{"class":160},[68,154337,20480],{"class":78},[68,154339,51501],{"class":3708},[68,154341,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154343,129],{"class":128},[68,154345,79],{"class":78},[68,154347,36323],{"class":138},[68,154349,795],{"class":78},[68,154351,2129],{"class":160},[68,154353,20480],{"class":78},[68,154355,154356],{"class":3708},"  # cherry\n",[20,154358,154359],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[93,154361,154363],{"id":154362},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154365,154366],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,154368,154369,154374,154379],{},[36,154370,154371,154373],{},[15,154372,65869],{}," = last item",[36,154375,154376,154378],{},[15,154377,95423],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,154380,154381,154383],{},[15,154382,47691],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154385,326],{},[59,154387,154389],{"className":61,"code":154388,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154390,154391,154423,154427,154445,154463],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154392,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154394,36271],{"class":106},[68,154396,111],{"class":110},[68,154398,9266],{"class":78},[68,154400,344],{"class":114},[68,154402,4123],{"class":118},[68,154404,344],{"class":114},[68,154406,472],{"class":78},[68,154408,115],{"class":114},[68,154410,4132],{"class":118},[68,154412,344],{"class":114},[68,154414,472],{"class":78},[68,154416,115],{"class":114},[68,154418,4141],{"class":118},[68,154420,344],{"class":114},[68,154422,85],{"class":78},[68,154424,154425],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154426,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154428,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154430,129],{"class":128},[68,154432,79],{"class":78},[68,154434,36323],{"class":138},[68,154436,795],{"class":78},[68,154438,2094],{"class":110},[68,154440,469],{"class":160},[68,154442,20480],{"class":78},[68,154444,154356],{"class":3708},[68,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154448,129],{"class":128},[68,154450,79],{"class":78},[68,154452,36323],{"class":138},[68,154454,795],{"class":78},[68,154456,2094],{"class":110},[68,154458,2129],{"class":160},[68,154460,20480],{"class":78},[68,154462,51501],{"class":3708},[68,154464,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154466,129],{"class":128},[68,154468,79],{"class":78},[68,154470,36323],{"class":138},[68,154472,795],{"class":78},[68,154474,2094],{"class":110},[68,154476,2135],{"class":160},[68,154478,20480],{"class":78},[68,154480,154323],{"class":3708},[20,154482,154483],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154485,154486],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[93,154488,154490],{"id":154489},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154492,154493],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[59,154495,154497],{"className":61,"code":154496,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154498,154499,154531,154535,154552,154569],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154502,5040],{"class":106},[68,154504,111],{"class":110},[68,154506,9266],{"class":78},[68,154508,344],{"class":114},[68,154510,12913],{"class":118},[68,154512,344],{"class":114},[68,154514,472],{"class":78},[68,154516,115],{"class":114},[68,154518,35972],{"class":118},[68,154520,344],{"class":114},[68,154522,472],{"class":78},[68,154524,115],{"class":114},[68,154526,35981],{"class":118},[68,154528,344],{"class":114},[68,154530,85],{"class":78},[68,154532,154533],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154534,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154536,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154538,129],{"class":128},[68,154540,79],{"class":78},[68,154542,5083],{"class":138},[68,154544,795],{"class":78},[68,154546,2192],{"class":160},[68,154548,20480],{"class":78},[68,154550,154551],{"class":3708},"   # first item\n",[68,154553,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154555,129],{"class":128},[68,154557,79],{"class":78},[68,154559,5083],{"class":138},[68,154561,795],{"class":78},[68,154563,469],{"class":160},[68,154565,20480],{"class":78},[68,154567,154568],{"class":3708},"   # middle item\n",[68,154570,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154572,129],{"class":128},[68,154574,79],{"class":78},[68,154576,5083],{"class":138},[68,154578,795],{"class":78},[68,154580,2094],{"class":110},[68,154582,469],{"class":160},[68,154584,20480],{"class":78},[68,154586,154587],{"class":3708},"  # last item\n",[20,154589,180],{},[59,154591,154593],{"className":61,"code":154592,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154594,154595,154599,154604],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154596,154597],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154598,50055],{"class":106},[68,154600,154601],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154602,154603],{"class":106},"Ben\n",[68,154605,154606],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154607,154608],{"class":106},"Cara\n",[20,154610,154611],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[93,154613,154615],{"id":154614},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154617,154618],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154620,326],{},[59,154622,154624],{"className":61,"code":154623,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154625,154626,154658,154662],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154627,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154629,36122],{"class":106},[68,154631,111],{"class":110},[68,154633,9266],{"class":78},[68,154635,344],{"class":114},[68,154637,49],{"class":118},[68,154639,344],{"class":114},[68,154641,472],{"class":78},[68,154643,115],{"class":114},[68,154645,4806],{"class":118},[68,154647,344],{"class":114},[68,154649,472],{"class":78},[68,154651,115],{"class":114},[68,154653,9769],{"class":118},[68,154655,344],{"class":114},[68,154657,85],{"class":78},[68,154659,154660],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154661,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154663,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154665,129],{"class":128},[68,154667,79],{"class":78},[68,154669,36175],{"class":138},[68,154671,795],{"class":78},[68,154673,1497],{"class":160},[68,154675,3933],{"class":78},[20,154677,180],{},[59,154679,154681],{"className":61,"code":154680,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154682,154683,154695,154700],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154684,154685,154688,154690,154693],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154686,154687],{"class":138},"Traceback ",[68,154689,79],{"class":78},[68,154691,154692],{"class":138},"most recent call last",[68,154694,1113],{"class":78},[68,154696,154697],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154698,154699],{"class":34486},"  ...\n",[68,154701,154702,154704,154706,154708,154711],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154703,70745],{"class":74},[68,154705,503],{"class":78},[68,154707,149360],{"class":74},[68,154709,154710],{"class":106}," index out of ",[68,154712,70937],{"class":128},[20,154714,154715],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,154717,154718,154722,154726],{},[36,154719,154720],{},[15,154721,2192],{},[36,154723,154724],{},[15,154725,469],{},[36,154727,154728],{},[15,154729,2129],{},[20,154731,154732,154733,236],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[49,154734,154735,154737],{"href":149232},[15,154736,42390],{}," on a tuple",[59,154739,154741],{"className":61,"code":154740,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154742,154743,154775,154779,154795,154799,154817],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154744,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154746,36122],{"class":106},[68,154748,111],{"class":110},[68,154750,9266],{"class":78},[68,154752,344],{"class":114},[68,154754,49],{"class":118},[68,154756,344],{"class":114},[68,154758,472],{"class":78},[68,154760,115],{"class":114},[68,154762,4806],{"class":118},[68,154764,344],{"class":114},[68,154766,472],{"class":78},[68,154768,115],{"class":114},[68,154770,9769],{"class":118},[68,154772,344],{"class":114},[68,154774,85],{"class":78},[68,154776,154777],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154778,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154780,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154782,129],{"class":128},[68,154784,79],{"class":78},[68,154786,11191],{"class":128},[68,154788,79],{"class":78},[68,154790,36175],{"class":138},[68,154792,1636],{"class":78},[68,154794,50785],{"class":3708},[68,154796,154797],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,154798,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154800,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,154802,1099],{"class":1098},[68,154804,38420],{"class":128},[68,154806,79],{"class":78},[68,154808,36175],{"class":138},[68,154810,1701],{"class":78},[68,154812,38430],{"class":110},[68,154814,475],{"class":160},[68,154816,1648],{"class":78},[68,154818,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,154820,1118],{"class":128},[68,154822,79],{"class":78},[68,154824,36175],{"class":138},[68,154826,795],{"class":78},[68,154828,2129],{"class":160},[68,154830,3933],{"class":78},[20,154832,154833,154834,236],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[49,154835,25713,154837],{"href":154836},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154838,154839],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[93,154841,154843],{"id":154842},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154845,154846],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,154848,154849,154851],{},[36,154850,76889],{},[36,154852,154853],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154855,154856],{},"Indexing example:",[59,154858,154860],{"className":61,"code":154859,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154861,154862,154886,154890],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154863,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154865,3663],{"class":106},[68,154867,111],{"class":110},[68,154869,9266],{"class":78},[68,154871,438],{"class":160},[68,154873,472],{"class":78},[68,154875,7828],{"class":160},[68,154877,472],{"class":78},[68,154879,7833],{"class":160},[68,154881,472],{"class":78},[68,154883,50858],{"class":160},[68,154885,85],{"class":78},[68,154887,154888],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154889,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154891,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154893,129],{"class":128},[68,154895,79],{"class":78},[68,154897,3693],{"class":138},[68,154899,795],{"class":78},[68,154901,469],{"class":160},[68,154903,3933],{"class":78},[20,154905,180],{},[59,154907,154908],{"className":61,"code":71238,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,154909,154910],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154911,154912],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154913,71238],{"class":160},[20,154915,154916],{},"Slicing example:",[59,154918,154920],{"className":61,"code":154919,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154921,154922,154946,154950],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154923,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154925,3663],{"class":106},[68,154927,111],{"class":110},[68,154929,9266],{"class":78},[68,154931,438],{"class":160},[68,154933,472],{"class":78},[68,154935,7828],{"class":160},[68,154937,472],{"class":78},[68,154939,7833],{"class":160},[68,154941,472],{"class":78},[68,154943,50858],{"class":160},[68,154945,85],{"class":78},[68,154947,154948],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,154949,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,154951,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,154953,129],{"class":128},[68,154955,79],{"class":78},[68,154957,3693],{"class":138},[68,154959,795],{"class":78},[68,154961,469],{"class":160},[68,154963,503],{"class":78},[68,154965,2135],{"class":160},[68,154967,3933],{"class":78},[20,154969,180],{},[59,154971,154973],{"className":61,"code":154972,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154974,154975],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,154976,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,154978,79],{"class":78},[68,154980,15786],{"class":160},[68,154982,472],{"class":78},[68,154984,7833],{"class":160},[68,154986,85],{"class":78},[20,154988,154989,154990,236],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[49,154991,150911],{"href":150910},[93,154993,154995],{"id":154994},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154997,154998],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155000,155001],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155003,6726],{},[59,155005,155007],{"className":61,"code":155006,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155008,155009,155041],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155010,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155012,13108],{"class":106},[68,155014,111],{"class":110},[68,155016,9266],{"class":78},[68,155018,344],{"class":114},[68,155020,13125],{"class":118},[68,155022,344],{"class":114},[68,155024,472],{"class":78},[68,155026,115],{"class":114},[68,155028,17488],{"class":118},[68,155030,344],{"class":114},[68,155032,472],{"class":78},[68,155034,115],{"class":114},[68,155036,13142],{"class":118},[68,155038,344],{"class":114},[68,155040,85],{"class":78},[68,155042,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155044,129],{"class":128},[68,155046,79],{"class":78},[68,155048,17535],{"class":138},[68,155050,795],{"class":78},[68,155052,469],{"class":160},[68,155054,3933],{"class":78},[20,155056,155057],{},"But this does not work:",[59,155059,155061],{"className":61,"code":155060,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155062,155063,155095],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155064,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155066,13108],{"class":106},[68,155068,111],{"class":110},[68,155070,9266],{"class":78},[68,155072,344],{"class":114},[68,155074,13125],{"class":118},[68,155076,344],{"class":114},[68,155078,472],{"class":78},[68,155080,115],{"class":114},[68,155082,17488],{"class":118},[68,155084,344],{"class":114},[68,155086,472],{"class":78},[68,155088,115],{"class":114},[68,155090,13142],{"class":118},[68,155092,344],{"class":114},[68,155094,85],{"class":78},[68,155096,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155098,17535],{"class":106},[68,155100,795],{"class":78},[68,155102,469],{"class":160},[68,155104,800],{"class":78},[68,155106,13308],{"class":110},[68,155108,115],{"class":114},[68,155110,22559],{"class":118},[68,155112,122],{"class":114},[20,155114,155115],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155117,155118],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[93,155120,1750],{"id":1749},[20,155122,155123],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,155125,155126,155132,155135,155138],{},[36,155127,132723,155128,1776,155130],{},[15,155129,469],{},[15,155131,2192],{},[36,155133,155134],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,155136,155137],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,155139,155140,155141],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155142,155143],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155145,62312],{},[59,155147,155149],{"className":61,"code":155148,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155150,155151,155161,155175,155189,155205],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155152,155153,155155,155157,155159],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155154,129],{"class":128},[68,155156,79],{"class":78},[68,155158,148012],{"class":138},[68,155160,85],{"class":78},[68,155162,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155164,129],{"class":128},[68,155166,79],{"class":78},[68,155168,11191],{"class":128},[68,155170,79],{"class":78},[68,155172,148012],{"class":138},[68,155174,142],{"class":78},[68,155176,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,155178,129],{"class":128},[68,155180,79],{"class":78},[68,155182,148012],{"class":138},[68,155184,795],{"class":78},[68,155186,2192],{"class":160},[68,155188,3933],{"class":78},[68,155190,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,155192,129],{"class":128},[68,155194,79],{"class":78},[68,155196,148012],{"class":138},[68,155198,795],{"class":78},[68,155200,2094],{"class":110},[68,155202,469],{"class":160},[68,155204,3933],{"class":78},[68,155206,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,155208,129],{"class":128},[68,155210,79],{"class":78},[68,155212,75],{"class":74},[68,155214,79],{"class":78},[68,155216,148012],{"class":138},[68,155218,142],{"class":78},[20,155220,155221],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,155223,155224,155227,155229,155232],{},[36,155225,155226],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,155228,60801],{},[36,155230,155231],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,155233,155234],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[93,155236,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,155238,155240],{"id":155239},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155242,155243,155244,236],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155245,2192],{},[1470,155247,155249],{"id":155248},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155251,224,155252,155254],{},[15,155253,65869],{}," as the index:",[59,155256,155258],{"className":61,"code":155257,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155259,155260],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155261,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155263,148012],{"class":106},[68,155265,795],{"class":78},[68,155267,2094],{"class":110},[68,155269,469],{"class":160},[68,155271,730],{"class":78},[1470,155273,155275],{"id":155274},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155277,155278],{},"Python raises:",[59,155280,155282],{"className":61,"code":155281,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155283,155284],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155285,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155287,70745],{"class":74},[68,155289,503],{"class":78},[68,155291,149360],{"class":74},[68,155293,154710],{"class":106},[68,155295,70937],{"class":128},[1470,155297,155299],{"id":155298},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155301,155302],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[93,155304,1952],{"id":1951},[33,155306,155307,155312,155316,155320,155326],{},[36,155308,155309],{},[49,155310,155311],{"href":147997},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,155313,155314],{},[49,155315,150911],{"href":150910},[36,155317,155318],{},[49,155319,150916],{"href":149232},[36,155321,155322],{},[49,155323,26156,155324],{"href":154836},[15,155325,154839],{},[36,155327,155328],{},[49,155329,147994],{"href":147993},[1995,155331,155332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":155334},[155335,155336,155337,155338,155339,155340,155341,155342,155343,155344,155350],{"id":95,"depth":125,"text":96},{"id":154098,"depth":125,"text":154099},{"id":154224,"depth":125,"text":154225},{"id":154362,"depth":125,"text":154363},{"id":154489,"depth":125,"text":154490},{"id":154614,"depth":125,"text":154615},{"id":154842,"depth":125,"text":154843},{"id":154994,"depth":125,"text":154995},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":155345},[155346,155347,155348,155349],{"id":155239,"depth":145,"text":155240},{"id":155248,"depth":145,"text":155249},{"id":155274,"depth":145,"text":155275},{"id":155298,"depth":145,"text":155299},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153955,"description":155351},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155357,"title":155358,"body":155359,"description":157247,"extension":2033,"meta":157248,"navigation":148,"path":157249,"seo":157250,"stem":157251,"__hash__":157252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155360,"toc":157204},[155361,155367,155372,155423,155427,155435,155441,155443,155459,155461,155464,155479,155481,155494,155496,155553,155557,155565,155572,155578,155584,155588,155639,155643,155651,155655,155684,155688,155696,155700,155733,155737,155745,155749,155752,155803,155807,155815,155817,155834,155838,155842,155901,155905,155913,155916,155943,155947,155955,155959,155965,156040,156044,156081,156089,156093,156156,156160,156168,156173,156177,156183,156226,156230,156238,156244,156247,156294,156298,156306,156315,156321,156376,156380,156388,156391,156395,156397,156428,156432,156450,156453,156498,156502,156525,156531,156536,156538,156585,156590,156593,156641,156645,156653,156657,156662,156666,156716,156720,156735,156739,156797,156801,156816,156820,156891,156895,156904,156908,156987,156991,157013,157021,157023,157026,157051,157053,157106,157108,157125,157127,157131,157137,157142,157147,157151,157156,157160,157165,157171,157174,157176,157201],[10,155362,155364,155365,1701],{"id":155363},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155366,11191],{},[20,155368,224,155369,155371],{},[15,155370,42390],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[59,155373,155375],{"className":61,"code":155374,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155376,155377,155409],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155378,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155380,13108],{"class":106},[68,155382,111],{"class":110},[68,155384,9266],{"class":78},[68,155386,344],{"class":114},[68,155388,13125],{"class":118},[68,155390,344],{"class":114},[68,155392,472],{"class":78},[68,155394,115],{"class":114},[68,155396,17488],{"class":118},[68,155398,344],{"class":114},[68,155400,472],{"class":78},[68,155402,115],{"class":114},[68,155404,13142],{"class":118},[68,155406,344],{"class":114},[68,155408,85],{"class":78},[68,155410,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155412,129],{"class":128},[68,155414,79],{"class":78},[68,155416,11191],{"class":128},[68,155418,79],{"class":78},[68,155420,17535],{"class":138},[68,155422,142],{"class":78},[20,155424,155425],{},[1301,155426,180],{},[59,155428,155429],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155430,155431],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155432,155433],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155434,46637],{"class":160},[20,155436,224,155437,155440],{},[15,155438,155439],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[93,155442,15194],{"id":15193},[33,155444,155445,155450,155454,155457],{},[36,155446,4243,155447,155449],{},[15,155448,42390],{}," works with tuples",[36,155451,68273,155452,11737],{},[15,155453,42390],{},[36,155455,155456],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,155458,4563],{},[93,155460,303],{"id":302},[20,155462,155463],{},"Use this pattern:",[59,155465,155467],{"className":61,"code":155466,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155468,155469],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155470,155471,155473,155475,155477],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155472,11191],{"class":128},[68,155474,79],{"class":78},[68,155476,148012],{"class":138},[68,155478,85],{"class":78},[20,155480,11489],{},[33,155482,155483,155486,155489],{},[36,155484,155485],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,155487,155488],{},"The result is an integer",[36,155490,155491,155493],{},[15,155492,42390],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155495,326],{},[59,155497,155499],{"className":61,"code":155498,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155500,155501,155525,155539,155543],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155504,3663],{"class":106},[68,155506,111],{"class":110},[68,155508,9266],{"class":78},[68,155510,438],{"class":160},[68,155512,472],{"class":78},[68,155514,7828],{"class":160},[68,155516,472],{"class":78},[68,155518,7833],{"class":160},[68,155520,472],{"class":78},[68,155522,50858],{"class":160},[68,155524,85],{"class":78},[68,155526,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155528,41273],{"class":106},[68,155530,111],{"class":110},[68,155532,38420],{"class":128},[68,155534,79],{"class":78},[68,155536,3693],{"class":138},[68,155538,85],{"class":78},[68,155540,155541],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,155542,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,155544,155545,155547,155549,155551],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,155546,129],{"class":128},[68,155548,79],{"class":78},[68,155550,41291],{"class":138},[68,155552,85],{"class":78},[20,155554,155555],{},[1301,155556,180],{},[59,155558,155559],{"className":61,"code":48670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155560,155561],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155562,155563],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155564,48670],{"class":160},[20,155566,155567,155568,236],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[49,155569,13,155570,1151],{"href":42387},[15,155571,42390],{},[93,155573,3722,155575,155577],{"id":155574},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155576,42390],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155579,155580,155581,155583],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155582,42390],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1470,155585,155587],{"id":155586},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[59,155589,155591],{"className":61,"code":155590,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155592,155593,155625],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155596,36271],{"class":106},[68,155598,111],{"class":110},[68,155600,9266],{"class":78},[68,155602,344],{"class":114},[68,155604,4123],{"class":118},[68,155606,344],{"class":114},[68,155608,472],{"class":78},[68,155610,115],{"class":114},[68,155612,4132],{"class":118},[68,155614,344],{"class":114},[68,155616,472],{"class":78},[68,155618,115],{"class":114},[68,155620,33254],{"class":118},[68,155622,344],{"class":114},[68,155624,85],{"class":78},[68,155626,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155628,129],{"class":128},[68,155630,79],{"class":78},[68,155632,11191],{"class":128},[68,155634,79],{"class":78},[68,155636,36323],{"class":138},[68,155638,142],{"class":78},[20,155640,155641],{},[1301,155642,180],{},[59,155644,155645],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155646,155647],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155648,155649],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155650,46637],{"class":160},[1470,155652,155654],{"id":155653},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[59,155656,155658],{"className":61,"code":155657,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155659,155660,155669],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155661,155662,155665,155667],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155663,155664],{"class":106},"empty_tuple ",[68,155666,111],{"class":110},[68,155668,149336],{"class":78},[68,155670,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155682],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155672,129],{"class":128},[68,155674,79],{"class":78},[68,155676,11191],{"class":128},[68,155678,79],{"class":78},[68,155680,155681],{"class":138},"empty_tuple",[68,155683,142],{"class":78},[20,155685,155686],{},[1301,155687,180],{},[59,155689,155690],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155691,155692],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155693,155694],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155695,47272],{"class":160},[1470,155697,155699],{"id":155698},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[59,155701,155703],{"className":61,"code":155702,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155704,155705,155718],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155706,155707,155710,155712,155714,155716],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155708,155709],{"class":106},"single_value ",[68,155711,111],{"class":110},[68,155713,9266],{"class":78},[68,155715,1497],{"class":160},[68,155717,149350],{"class":78},[68,155719,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155731],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155721,129],{"class":128},[68,155723,79],{"class":78},[68,155725,11191],{"class":128},[68,155727,79],{"class":78},[68,155729,155730],{"class":138},"single_value",[68,155732,142],{"class":78},[20,155734,155735],{},[1301,155736,180],{},[59,155738,155739],{"className":61,"code":46937,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155740,155741],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155742,155743],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155744,46937],{"class":160},[1470,155746,155748],{"id":155747},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155750,155751],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[59,155753,155755],{"className":61,"code":155754,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155756,155757,155789],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155758,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155760,9197],{"class":106},[68,155762,111],{"class":110},[68,155764,9266],{"class":78},[68,155766,469],{"class":160},[68,155768,472],{"class":78},[68,155770,9266],{"class":78},[68,155772,2129],{"class":160},[68,155774,472],{"class":78},[68,155776,480],{"class":160},[68,155778,9263],{"class":78},[68,155780,725],{"class":78},[68,155782,2568],{"class":160},[68,155784,472],{"class":78},[68,155786,4650],{"class":160},[68,155788,3933],{"class":78},[68,155790,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155792,129],{"class":128},[68,155794,79],{"class":78},[68,155796,11191],{"class":128},[68,155798,79],{"class":78},[68,155800,9234],{"class":138},[68,155802,142],{"class":78},[20,155804,155805],{},[1301,155806,180],{},[59,155808,155809],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155810,155811],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155812,155813],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155814,46637],{"class":160},[20,155816,19991],{},[33,155818,155819,155824,155829],{},[36,155820,155821,155823],{},[15,155822,469],{}," is one item",[36,155825,155826,155823],{},[15,155827,155828],{},"(2, 3)",[36,155830,155831,155823],{},[15,155832,155833],{},"[4, 5]",[93,155835,155837],{"id":155836},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1470,155839,155841],{"id":155840},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[59,155843,155845],{"className":61,"code":155844,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155846,155847,155887],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155848,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155850,13108],{"class":106},[68,155852,111],{"class":110},[68,155854,9266],{"class":78},[68,155856,344],{"class":114},[68,155858,13125],{"class":118},[68,155860,344],{"class":114},[68,155862,472],{"class":78},[68,155864,115],{"class":114},[68,155866,17488],{"class":118},[68,155868,344],{"class":114},[68,155870,472],{"class":78},[68,155872,115],{"class":114},[68,155874,13142],{"class":118},[68,155876,344],{"class":114},[68,155878,472],{"class":78},[68,155880,115],{"class":114},[68,155882,22559],{"class":118},[68,155884,344],{"class":114},[68,155886,85],{"class":78},[68,155888,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155890,129],{"class":128},[68,155892,79],{"class":78},[68,155894,11191],{"class":128},[68,155896,79],{"class":78},[68,155898,17535],{"class":138},[68,155900,142],{"class":78},[20,155902,155903],{},[1301,155904,180],{},[59,155906,155907],{"className":61,"code":48670,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155908,155909],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155910,155911],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155912,48670],{"class":160},[1470,155914,155654],{"id":155915},"empty-tuple-1",[59,155917,155919],{"className":61,"code":155918,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155920,155921,155929],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155922,155923,155925,155927],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155924,7817],{"class":106},[68,155926,111],{"class":110},[68,155928,149336],{"class":78},[68,155930,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155932,129],{"class":128},[68,155934,79],{"class":78},[68,155936,11191],{"class":128},[68,155938,79],{"class":78},[68,155940,7848],{"class":138},[68,155942,142],{"class":78},[20,155944,155945],{},[1301,155946,180],{},[59,155948,155949],{"className":61,"code":47272,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,155950,155951],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155952,155953],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155954,47272],{"class":160},[1470,155956,155958],{"id":155957},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155960,155961,155962,155964],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1301,155963,1303],{}," always a tuple.",[59,155966,155968],{"className":61,"code":155967,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155969,155970,155982,155994,155998,156012,156026],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,155971,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,155973,2618],{"class":106},[68,155975,111],{"class":110},[68,155977,9266],{"class":78},[68,155979,1497],{"class":160},[68,155981,85],{"class":78},[68,155983,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,155985,2646],{"class":106},[68,155987,111],{"class":110},[68,155989,9266],{"class":78},[68,155991,1497],{"class":160},[68,155993,149350],{"class":78},[68,155995,155996],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,155997,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,155999,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,156001,129],{"class":128},[68,156003,79],{"class":78},[68,156005,75],{"class":74},[68,156007,79],{"class":78},[68,156009,49],{"class":138},[68,156011,142],{"class":78},[68,156013,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,156015,129],{"class":128},[68,156017,79],{"class":78},[68,156019,75],{"class":74},[68,156021,79],{"class":78},[68,156023,4806],{"class":138},[68,156025,142],{"class":78},[68,156027,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,156029,129],{"class":128},[68,156031,79],{"class":78},[68,156033,11191],{"class":128},[68,156035,79],{"class":78},[68,156037,4806],{"class":138},[68,156039,142],{"class":78},[20,156041,156042],{},[1301,156043,180],{},[59,156045,156047],{"className":61,"code":156046,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156048,156049,156063,156077],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156050,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156052,190],{"class":110},[68,156054,194],{"class":193},[68,156056,197],{"class":114},[68,156058,217],{"class":118},[68,156060,203],{"class":114},[68,156062,206],{"class":110},[68,156064,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156066,190],{"class":110},[68,156068,194],{"class":193},[68,156070,197],{"class":114},[68,156072,48971],{"class":118},[68,156074,203],{"class":114},[68,156076,206],{"class":110},[68,156078,156079],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156080,46937],{"class":160},[20,156082,156083,156084,232,156087,236],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[49,156085,156086],{"href":147997},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[49,156088,149298],{"href":149297},[1470,156090,156092],{"id":156091},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[59,156094,156096],{"className":61,"code":156095,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156097,156098,156142],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156099,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156101,59489],{"class":106},[68,156103,111],{"class":110},[68,156105,9266],{"class":78},[68,156107,344],{"class":114},[68,156109,4123],{"class":118},[68,156111,344],{"class":114},[68,156113,472],{"class":78},[68,156115,725],{"class":78},[68,156117,469],{"class":160},[68,156119,472],{"class":78},[68,156121,475],{"class":160},[68,156123,18095],{"class":78},[68,156125,9266],{"class":78},[68,156127,344],{"class":114},[68,156129,2245],{"class":118},[68,156131,344],{"class":114},[68,156133,472],{"class":78},[68,156135,115],{"class":114},[68,156137,11777],{"class":118},[68,156139,344],{"class":114},[68,156141,142],{"class":78},[68,156143,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156145,129],{"class":128},[68,156147,79],{"class":78},[68,156149,11191],{"class":128},[68,156151,79],{"class":78},[68,156153,59542],{"class":138},[68,156155,142],{"class":78},[20,156157,156158],{},[1301,156159,180],{},[59,156161,156162],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156163,156164],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156165,156166],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156167,46637],{"class":160},[20,156169,156170,156172],{},[15,156171,42390],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[93,156174,156176],{"id":156175},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1470,156178,156180,156182],{"id":156179},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156181,42390],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[59,156184,156186],{"className":61,"code":156185,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156187,156188,156212],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156189,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156191,4114],{"class":106},[68,156193,111],{"class":110},[68,156195,9266],{"class":78},[68,156197,344],{"class":114},[68,156199,63612],{"class":118},[68,156201,344],{"class":114},[68,156203,472],{"class":78},[68,156205,115],{"class":114},[68,156207,63],{"class":118},[68,156209,344],{"class":114},[68,156211,85],{"class":78},[68,156213,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156215,129],{"class":128},[68,156217,79],{"class":78},[68,156219,11191],{"class":128},[68,156221,79],{"class":78},[68,156223,4158],{"class":138},[68,156225,142],{"class":78},[20,156227,156228],{},[1301,156229,180],{},[59,156231,156232],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156233,156234],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156235,156236],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156237,17089],{"class":160},[20,156239,156240,156241,156243],{},"This result is ",[15,156242,2129],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156245,156246],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[59,156248,156250],{"className":61,"code":156249,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156251,156252,156276],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156253,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156255,4114],{"class":106},[68,156257,111],{"class":110},[68,156259,9266],{"class":78},[68,156261,344],{"class":114},[68,156263,63612],{"class":118},[68,156265,344],{"class":114},[68,156267,472],{"class":78},[68,156269,115],{"class":114},[68,156271,63],{"class":118},[68,156273,344],{"class":114},[68,156275,85],{"class":78},[68,156277,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156279,129],{"class":128},[68,156281,79],{"class":78},[68,156283,11191],{"class":128},[68,156285,79],{"class":78},[68,156287,4158],{"class":138},[68,156289,795],{"class":78},[68,156291,2192],{"class":160},[68,156293,483],{"class":78},[20,156295,156296],{},[1301,156297,180],{},[59,156299,156300],{"className":61,"code":17089,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156301,156302],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156303,156304],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156305,17089],{"class":160},[20,156307,20805,156308,156311,156312,236],{},[15,156309,156310],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156313,156314],{},"\"hi\"",[1470,156316,156318,156320],{"id":156317},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156319,42390],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[59,156322,156324],{"className":61,"code":156323,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156325,156326,156362],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156327,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156329,3869],{"class":106},[68,156331,111],{"class":110},[68,156333,10025],{"class":78},[68,156335,469],{"class":160},[68,156337,472],{"class":78},[68,156339,475],{"class":160},[68,156341,9263],{"class":78},[68,156343,9266],{"class":78},[68,156345,2135],{"class":160},[68,156347,472],{"class":78},[68,156349,2521],{"class":160},[68,156351,9263],{"class":78},[68,156353,9266],{"class":78},[68,156355,1497],{"class":160},[68,156357,472],{"class":78},[68,156359,37677],{"class":160},[68,156361,142],{"class":78},[68,156363,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156365,129],{"class":128},[68,156367,79],{"class":78},[68,156369,11191],{"class":128},[68,156371,79],{"class":78},[68,156373,5401],{"class":138},[68,156375,142],{"class":78},[20,156377,156378],{},[1301,156379,180],{},[59,156381,156382],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156383,156384],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156385,156386],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156387,46637],{"class":160},[20,156389,156390],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1470,156392,156394],{"id":156393},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156396,25724],{},[59,156398,156400],{"className":61,"code":156399,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156401,156402,156414],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156403,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156405,652],{"class":106},[68,156407,111],{"class":110},[68,156409,9266],{"class":78},[68,156411,438],{"class":160},[68,156413,85],{"class":78},[68,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156417,129],{"class":128},[68,156419,79],{"class":78},[68,156421,75],{"class":74},[68,156423,79],{"class":78},[68,156425,665],{"class":138},[68,156427,142],{"class":78},[20,156429,156430],{},[1301,156431,180],{},[59,156433,156434],{"className":61,"code":1505,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156435,156436],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156437,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156439,190],{"class":110},[68,156441,194],{"class":193},[68,156443,197],{"class":114},[68,156445,217],{"class":118},[68,156447,203],{"class":114},[68,156449,206],{"class":110},[20,156451,156452],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[59,156454,156456],{"className":61,"code":156455,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156457,156458,156470,156484],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156459,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156461,652],{"class":106},[68,156463,111],{"class":110},[68,156465,9266],{"class":78},[68,156467,438],{"class":160},[68,156469,149350],{"class":78},[68,156471,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156473,129],{"class":128},[68,156475,79],{"class":78},[68,156477,75],{"class":74},[68,156479,79],{"class":78},[68,156481,665],{"class":138},[68,156483,142],{"class":78},[68,156485,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156487,129],{"class":128},[68,156489,79],{"class":78},[68,156491,11191],{"class":128},[68,156493,79],{"class":78},[68,156495,665],{"class":138},[68,156497,142],{"class":78},[20,156499,156500],{},[1301,156501,180],{},[59,156503,156505],{"className":61,"code":156504,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156506,156507,156521],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156508,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156510,190],{"class":110},[68,156512,194],{"class":193},[68,156514,197],{"class":114},[68,156516,48971],{"class":118},[68,156518,203],{"class":114},[68,156520,206],{"class":110},[68,156522,156523],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156524,46937],{"class":160},[1470,156526,156528,156530],{"id":156527},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156529,11191],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156532,44458,156533,156535],{},[15,156534,11191],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156537,44489],{},[59,156539,156541],{"className":61,"code":156540,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156542,156543,156551,156571],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156544,156545,156547,156549],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156546,11191],{"class":128},[68,156548,13308],{"class":110},[68,156550,161],{"class":160},[68,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156554,3663],{"class":106},[68,156556,111],{"class":110},[68,156558,9266],{"class":78},[68,156560,469],{"class":160},[68,156562,472],{"class":78},[68,156564,475],{"class":160},[68,156566,472],{"class":78},[68,156568,480],{"class":160},[68,156570,85],{"class":78},[68,156572,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156574,129],{"class":128},[68,156576,79],{"class":78},[68,156578,11191],{"class":128},[68,156580,79],{"class":78},[68,156582,3693],{"class":138},[68,156584,142],{"class":78},[20,156586,39688,156587,156589],{},[15,156588,11191],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156591,156592],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[59,156594,156596],{"className":61,"code":156595,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156597,156598,156607,156627],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156599,156600,156603,156605],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156601,156602],{"class":106},"length_value ",[68,156604,111],{"class":110},[68,156606,161],{"class":160},[68,156608,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156610,3663],{"class":106},[68,156612,111],{"class":110},[68,156614,9266],{"class":78},[68,156616,469],{"class":160},[68,156618,472],{"class":78},[68,156620,475],{"class":160},[68,156622,472],{"class":78},[68,156624,480],{"class":160},[68,156626,85],{"class":78},[68,156628,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156630,129],{"class":128},[68,156632,79],{"class":78},[68,156634,11191],{"class":128},[68,156636,79],{"class":78},[68,156638,3693],{"class":138},[68,156640,142],{"class":78},[20,156642,156643],{},[1301,156644,180],{},[59,156646,156647],{"className":61,"code":46637,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156648,156649],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156650,156651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156652,46637],{"class":160},[93,156654,156656],{"id":156655},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156658,156659,156661],{},[15,156660,42390],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1470,156663,156665],{"id":156664},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[59,156667,156669],{"className":61,"code":156668,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156670,156671,156679,156683,156701],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156672,156673,156675,156677],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156674,7817],{"class":106},[68,156676,111],{"class":110},[68,156678,149336],{"class":78},[68,156680,156681],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156682,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,156684,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156686,1099],{"class":1098},[68,156688,38420],{"class":128},[68,156690,79],{"class":78},[68,156692,7848],{"class":138},[68,156694,1701],{"class":78},[68,156696,1639],{"class":110},[68,156698,3880],{"class":160},[68,156700,1648],{"class":78},[68,156702,156703,156705,156707,156709,156712,156714],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,156704,1118],{"class":128},[68,156706,79],{"class":78},[68,156708,344],{"class":114},[68,156710,156711],{"class":118},"The tuple is empty",[68,156713,344],{"class":114},[68,156715,85],{"class":78},[20,156717,156718],{},[1301,156719,180],{},[59,156721,156723],{"className":61,"code":156722,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156724,156725],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156728,2050],{"class":106},[68,156730,48971],{"class":74},[68,156732,8133],{"class":110},[68,156734,8139],{"class":106},[1470,156736,156738],{"id":156737},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[59,156740,156742],{"className":61,"code":156741,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156743,156744,156760,156764,156782],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156745,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156747,51400],{"class":106},[68,156749,111],{"class":110},[68,156751,9266],{"class":78},[68,156753,2568],{"class":160},[68,156755,472],{"class":78},[68,156757,6034],{"class":160},[68,156759,85],{"class":78},[68,156761,156762],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156763,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156767,1099],{"class":1098},[68,156769,38420],{"class":128},[68,156771,79],{"class":78},[68,156773,51425],{"class":138},[68,156775,1701],{"class":78},[68,156777,1639],{"class":110},[68,156779,475],{"class":160},[68,156781,1648],{"class":78},[68,156783,156784,156786,156788,156790,156793,156795],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,156785,1118],{"class":128},[68,156787,79],{"class":78},[68,156789,344],{"class":114},[68,156791,156792],{"class":118},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[68,156794,344],{"class":114},[68,156796,85],{"class":78},[20,156798,156799],{},[1301,156800,180],{},[59,156802,156804],{"className":61,"code":156803,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156805,156806],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156807,156808,156811,156813],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156809,156810],{"class":106},"This looks like an x",[68,156812,472],{"class":78},[68,156814,156815],{"class":106}," y coordinate\n",[1470,156817,156819],{"id":156818},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[59,156821,156823],{"className":61,"code":156822,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156824,156825,156854,156858,156876],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156826,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156850,156852],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156828,11519],{"class":106},[68,156830,111],{"class":110},[68,156832,9266],{"class":78},[68,156834,344],{"class":114},[68,156836,12913],{"class":118},[68,156838,344],{"class":114},[68,156840,472],{"class":78},[68,156842,9335],{"class":160},[68,156844,472],{"class":78},[68,156846,115],{"class":114},[68,156848,156849],{"class":118},"Canada",[68,156851,344],{"class":114},[68,156853,85],{"class":78},[68,156855,156856],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156857,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,156859,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156861,1099],{"class":1098},[68,156863,38420],{"class":128},[68,156865,79],{"class":78},[68,156867,11613],{"class":138},[68,156869,1701],{"class":78},[68,156871,1639],{"class":110},[68,156873,480],{"class":160},[68,156875,1648],{"class":78},[68,156877,156878,156880,156882,156884,156887,156889],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,156879,1118],{"class":128},[68,156881,79],{"class":78},[68,156883,344],{"class":114},[68,156885,156886],{"class":118},"User record has the expected number of values",[68,156888,344],{"class":114},[68,156890,85],{"class":78},[20,156892,156893],{},[1301,156894,180],{},[59,156896,156898],{"className":61,"code":156897,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156899,156900],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156901,156902],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156903,156897],{"class":106},[1470,156905,156907],{"id":156906},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[59,156909,156911],{"className":61,"code":156910,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156912,156913,156945,156949,156969],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156914,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156916,36122],{"class":106},[68,156918,111],{"class":110},[68,156920,9266],{"class":78},[68,156922,344],{"class":114},[68,156924,49],{"class":118},[68,156926,344],{"class":114},[68,156928,472],{"class":78},[68,156930,115],{"class":114},[68,156932,4806],{"class":118},[68,156934,344],{"class":114},[68,156936,472],{"class":78},[68,156938,115],{"class":114},[68,156940,9769],{"class":118},[68,156942,344],{"class":114},[68,156944,85],{"class":78},[68,156946,156947],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,156948,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,156950,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,156952,5998],{"class":1098},[68,156954,69562],{"class":106},[68,156956,3927],{"class":1098},[68,156958,54086],{"class":128},[68,156960,79],{"class":78},[68,156962,11191],{"class":128},[68,156964,79],{"class":78},[68,156966,36175],{"class":138},[68,156968,69577],{"class":78},[68,156970,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983,156985],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,156972,1118],{"class":128},[68,156974,79],{"class":78},[68,156976,36186],{"class":138},[68,156978,472],{"class":78},[68,156980,70110],{"class":138},[68,156982,795],{"class":78},[68,156984,36186],{"class":138},[68,156986,3933],{"class":78},[20,156988,156989],{},[1301,156990,180],{},[59,156992,156993],{"className":61,"code":36198,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,156994,156995,157001,157007],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,156996,156997,156999],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,156998,2192],{"class":160},[68,157000,36207],{"class":106},[68,157002,157003,157005],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157004,469],{"class":160},[68,157006,36214],{"class":106},[68,157008,157009,157011],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157010,2129],{"class":160},[68,157012,36221],{"class":106},[20,157014,157015,157016,157018,157019,236],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[49,157017,149667],{"href":149666},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[49,157020,150911],{"href":150910},[93,157022,1750],{"id":1749},[20,157024,157025],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,157027,157028,157036,157043,157048],{},[36,157029,157030,157031,1776,157034],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157032,157033],{},"(5)",[15,157035,149501],{},[36,157037,633,157038,157040,157041],{},[15,157039,11191],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157042,42390],{},[36,157044,1770,157045,157047],{},[15,157046,42390],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,157049,157050],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157052,32117],{},[59,157054,157056],{"className":61,"code":157055,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157057,157058,157068,157082,157096],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157059,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157061,129],{"class":128},[68,157063,79],{"class":78},[68,157065,148012],{"class":138},[68,157067,85],{"class":78},[68,157069,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157071,129],{"class":128},[68,157073,79],{"class":78},[68,157075,75],{"class":74},[68,157077,79],{"class":78},[68,157079,148012],{"class":138},[68,157081,142],{"class":78},[68,157083,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157085,129],{"class":128},[68,157087,79],{"class":78},[68,157089,11191],{"class":128},[68,157091,79],{"class":78},[68,157093,148012],{"class":138},[68,157095,142],{"class":78},[68,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,157099,1850],{"class":128},[68,157101,79],{"class":78},[68,157103,11191],{"class":128},[68,157105,85],{"class":78},[20,157107,155221],{},[33,157109,157110,157113,157116,157120],{},[36,157111,157112],{},"what value you are using",[36,157114,157115],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,157117,26053,157118,11737],{},[15,157119,42390],{},[36,157121,123387,157122,157124],{},[15,157123,42390],{}," is documented in Python",[93,157126,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,157128,157130],{"id":157129},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157132,224,157133,157136],{},[15,157134,157135],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1470,157138,12736,157140,149171],{"id":157139},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157141,42390],{},[20,157143,1909,157144,157146],{},[15,157145,42390],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1470,157148,157150],{"id":157149},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157152,157153,157154,236],{},"The length is ",[15,157155,2192],{},[1470,157157,157159],{"id":157158},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157161,150857,157162,157164],{},[15,157163,150860],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1470,157166,12736,157168,157170],{"id":157167},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157169,42390],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157172,157173],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[93,157175,1952],{"id":1951},[33,157177,157178,157184,157188,157192,157196],{},[36,157179,157180],{},[49,157181,13,157182,1151],{"href":42387},[15,157183,42390],{},[36,157185,157186],{},[49,157187,156086],{"href":147997},[36,157189,157190],{},[49,157191,149667],{"href":149666},[36,157193,157194],{},[49,157195,150911],{"href":150910},[36,157197,157198],{},[49,157199,157200],{"href":149297},"What is a tuple in Python",[1995,157202,157203],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":157205},[157206,157207,157208,157215,157221,157230,157236,157237,157246],{"id":15193,"depth":125,"text":15194},{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":155574,"depth":125,"text":157209,"children":157210},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157211,157212,157213,157214],{"id":155586,"depth":145,"text":155587},{"id":155653,"depth":145,"text":155654},{"id":155698,"depth":145,"text":155699},{"id":155747,"depth":145,"text":155748},{"id":155836,"depth":125,"text":155837,"children":157216},[157217,157218,157219,157220],{"id":155840,"depth":145,"text":155841},{"id":155915,"depth":145,"text":155654},{"id":155957,"depth":145,"text":155958},{"id":156091,"depth":145,"text":156092},{"id":156175,"depth":125,"text":156176,"children":157222},[157223,157225,157227,157228],{"id":156179,"depth":145,"text":157224},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156317,"depth":145,"text":157226},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156393,"depth":145,"text":156394},{"id":156527,"depth":145,"text":157229},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156655,"depth":125,"text":156656,"children":157231},[157232,157233,157234,157235],{"id":156664,"depth":145,"text":156665},{"id":156737,"depth":145,"text":156738},{"id":156818,"depth":145,"text":156819},{"id":156906,"depth":145,"text":156907},{"id":1749,"depth":125,"text":1750},{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":157238},[157239,157240,157242,157243,157244],{"id":157129,"depth":145,"text":157130},{"id":157139,"depth":145,"text":157241},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157149,"depth":145,"text":157150},{"id":157158,"depth":145,"text":157159},{"id":157167,"depth":145,"text":157245},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155358,"description":157247},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157254,"title":157255,"body":157256,"description":159641,"extension":2033,"meta":159642,"navigation":148,"path":159643,"seo":159644,"stem":159645,"__hash__":159646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157257,"toc":159602},[157258,157261,157264,157267,157290,157296,157298,157409,157413,157416,157426,157428,157527,157529,157606,157612,157616,157619,157642,157645,157662,157665,157667,157730,157732,157749,157760,157765,157767,157770,157776,157827,157829,157849,157853,157904,157906,157927,157931,157986,157988,158009,158013,158068,158070,158091,158095,158148,158150,158179,158181,158183,158186,158190,158247,158249,158270,158274,158327,158329,158354,158359,158363,158368,158386,158389,158452,158454,158475,158478,158539,158541,158562,158565,158608,158611,158615,158620,158624,158703,158705,158736,158740,158815,158817,158844,158848,158895,158897,158905,158910,158914,158917,158932,158934,159022,159024,159049,159052,159095,159104,159106,159109,159124,159127,159131,159185,159187,159207,159212,159216,159218,159256,159259,159309,159313,159386,159388,159425,159428,159430,159433,159453,159456,159525,159527,159540,159542,159546,159549,159553,159556,159561,159564,159570,159575,159577,159599],[10,157259,157255],{"id":157260},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157262,157263],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157265,157266],{},"Use this format:",[59,157268,157270],{"className":61,"code":157269,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157271,157272],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157273,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157275,48971],{"class":106},[68,157277,795],{"class":78},[68,157279,36104],{"class":106},[68,157281,503],{"class":78},[68,157283,75440],{"class":106},[68,157285,503],{"class":78},[68,157287,75443],{"class":106},[68,157289,730],{"class":78},[20,157291,2050,157292,75476,157294,236],{},[15,157293,75440],{},[1301,157295,65084],{},[93,157297,2075],{"id":2074},[59,157299,157301],{"className":61,"code":157300,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157302,157303,157331,157335,157356,157373,157390],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157306,3663],{"class":106},[68,157308,111],{"class":110},[68,157310,9266],{"class":78},[68,157312,438],{"class":160},[68,157314,472],{"class":78},[68,157316,7828],{"class":160},[68,157318,472],{"class":78},[68,157320,7833],{"class":160},[68,157322,472],{"class":78},[68,157324,50858],{"class":160},[68,157326,472],{"class":78},[68,157328,5125],{"class":160},[68,157330,85],{"class":78},[68,157332,157333],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157334,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157336,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157338,129],{"class":128},[68,157340,79],{"class":78},[68,157342,3693],{"class":138},[68,157344,795],{"class":78},[68,157346,469],{"class":160},[68,157348,503],{"class":78},[68,157350,2568],{"class":160},[68,157352,20480],{"class":78},[68,157354,157355],{"class":3708},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[68,157357,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,157359,129],{"class":128},[68,157361,79],{"class":78},[68,157363,3693],{"class":138},[68,157365,75549],{"class":78},[68,157367,2135],{"class":160},[68,157369,20480],{"class":78},[68,157371,157372],{"class":3708},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[68,157374,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,157376,129],{"class":128},[68,157378,79],{"class":78},[68,157380,3693],{"class":138},[68,157382,74136],{"class":78},[68,157384,2129],{"class":160},[68,157386,20480],{"class":78},[68,157388,157389],{"class":3708},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[68,157391,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,157393,129],{"class":128},[68,157395,79],{"class":78},[68,157397,3693],{"class":138},[68,157399,74136],{"class":78},[68,157401,2094],{"class":110},[68,157403,469],{"class":160},[68,157405,20480],{"class":78},[68,157407,157408],{"class":3708},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[93,157410,157412],{"id":157411},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157414,157415],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,157417,157418,157420,157423],{},[36,157419,75743],{},[36,157421,157422],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,157424,157425],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157427,326],{},[59,157429,157431],{"className":61,"code":157430,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157432,157433,157481,157485,157503,157507,157517],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157434,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157436,36122],{"class":106},[68,157438,111],{"class":110},[68,157440,9266],{"class":78},[68,157442,344],{"class":114},[68,157444,49],{"class":118},[68,157446,344],{"class":114},[68,157448,472],{"class":78},[68,157450,115],{"class":114},[68,157452,4806],{"class":118},[68,157454,344],{"class":114},[68,157456,472],{"class":78},[68,157458,115],{"class":114},[68,157460,9769],{"class":118},[68,157462,344],{"class":114},[68,157464,472],{"class":78},[68,157466,115],{"class":114},[68,157468,18801],{"class":118},[68,157470,344],{"class":114},[68,157472,472],{"class":78},[68,157474,115],{"class":114},[68,157476,60464],{"class":118},[68,157478,344],{"class":114},[68,157480,85],{"class":78},[68,157482,157483],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157484,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157486,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157488,75673],{"class":106},[68,157490,111],{"class":110},[68,157492,70110],{"class":106},[68,157494,795],{"class":78},[68,157496,469],{"class":160},[68,157498,503],{"class":78},[68,157500,2568],{"class":160},[68,157502,730],{"class":78},[68,157504,157505],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,157506,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157508,157509,157511,157513,157515],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,157510,129],{"class":128},[68,157512,79],{"class":78},[68,157514,75696],{"class":138},[68,157516,85],{"class":78},[68,157518,157519,157521,157523,157525],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,157520,129],{"class":128},[68,157522,79],{"class":78},[68,157524,36175],{"class":138},[68,157526,85],{"class":78},[20,157528,180],{},[59,157530,157532],{"className":61,"code":157531,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157533,157534,157562],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157535,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157537,79],{"class":78},[68,157539,203],{"class":114},[68,157541,4806],{"class":118},[68,157543,203],{"class":114},[68,157545,472],{"class":78},[68,157547,197],{"class":114},[68,157549,9769],{"class":118},[68,157551,203],{"class":114},[68,157553,472],{"class":78},[68,157555,197],{"class":114},[68,157557,18801],{"class":118},[68,157559,203],{"class":114},[68,157561,85],{"class":78},[68,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157565,79],{"class":78},[68,157567,203],{"class":114},[68,157569,49],{"class":118},[68,157571,203],{"class":114},[68,157573,472],{"class":78},[68,157575,197],{"class":114},[68,157577,4806],{"class":118},[68,157579,203],{"class":114},[68,157581,472],{"class":78},[68,157583,197],{"class":114},[68,157585,9769],{"class":118},[68,157587,203],{"class":114},[68,157589,472],{"class":78},[68,157591,197],{"class":114},[68,157593,18801],{"class":118},[68,157595,203],{"class":114},[68,157597,472],{"class":78},[68,157599,197],{"class":114},[68,157601,60464],{"class":118},[68,157603,203],{"class":114},[68,157605,85],{"class":78},[20,157607,157608,157609,236],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[49,157610,147994],{"href":157611},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[93,157613,157615],{"id":157614},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157617,157618],{},"The full syntax is:",[59,157620,157622],{"className":61,"code":157621,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157623,157624],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157625,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157627,148012],{"class":106},[68,157629,795],{"class":78},[68,157631,36104],{"class":106},[68,157633,503],{"class":78},[68,157635,75440],{"class":106},[68,157637,503],{"class":78},[68,157639,75443],{"class":106},[68,157641,730],{"class":78},[20,157643,157644],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,157646,157647,157652,157657],{},[36,157648,157649,157651],{},[15,157650,36104],{},": where slicing begins",[36,157653,157654,157656],{},[15,157655,75440],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,157658,157659,157661],{},[15,157660,75443],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157663,157664],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157666,326],{},[59,157668,157670],{"className":61,"code":157669,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157671,157672,157704,157708],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157673,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157675,3663],{"class":106},[68,157677,111],{"class":110},[68,157679,9266],{"class":78},[68,157681,438],{"class":160},[68,157683,472],{"class":78},[68,157685,7828],{"class":160},[68,157687,472],{"class":78},[68,157689,7833],{"class":160},[68,157691,472],{"class":78},[68,157693,50858],{"class":160},[68,157695,472],{"class":78},[68,157697,5125],{"class":160},[68,157699,472],{"class":78},[68,157701,76114],{"class":160},[68,157703,85],{"class":78},[68,157705,157706],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157707,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157709,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157711,129],{"class":128},[68,157713,79],{"class":78},[68,157715,3693],{"class":138},[68,157717,795],{"class":78},[68,157719,469],{"class":160},[68,157721,503],{"class":78},[68,157723,1497],{"class":160},[68,157725,503],{"class":78},[68,157727,2129],{"class":160},[68,157729,3933],{"class":78},[20,157731,180],{},[59,157733,157735],{"className":61,"code":157734,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157736,157737],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157738,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157740,79],{"class":78},[68,157742,15786],{"class":160},[68,157744,472],{"class":78},[68,157746,50858],{"class":160},[68,157748,85],{"class":78},[20,157750,157751,157752,157754,157755,157757,157758,236],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157753,469],{},", stops before index ",[15,157756,1497],{},", and moves by ",[15,157759,2129],{},[20,157761,157762,157763,236],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[49,157764,149667],{"href":153093},[93,157766,76030],{"id":76029},[20,157768,157769],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1470,157771,157773,157774,6006],{"id":157772},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157775,76044],{},[59,157777,157779],{"className":61,"code":157778,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157780,157781,157809,157813],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157782,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157784,3663],{"class":106},[68,157786,111],{"class":110},[68,157788,9266],{"class":78},[68,157790,438],{"class":160},[68,157792,472],{"class":78},[68,157794,7828],{"class":160},[68,157796,472],{"class":78},[68,157798,7833],{"class":160},[68,157800,472],{"class":78},[68,157802,50858],{"class":160},[68,157804,472],{"class":78},[68,157806,5125],{"class":160},[68,157808,85],{"class":78},[68,157810,157811],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157812,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157814,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157816,129],{"class":128},[68,157818,79],{"class":78},[68,157820,3693],{"class":138},[68,157822,75549],{"class":78},[68,157824,2135],{"class":160},[68,157826,3933],{"class":78},[20,157828,180],{},[59,157830,157831],{"className":61,"code":151359,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,157832,157833],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157836,79],{"class":78},[68,157838,438],{"class":160},[68,157840,472],{"class":78},[68,157842,7828],{"class":160},[68,157844,472],{"class":78},[68,157846,7833],{"class":160},[68,157848,85],{"class":78},[1470,157850,157852],{"id":157851},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[59,157854,157856],{"className":61,"code":157855,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157857,157858,157886,157890],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157859,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157861,3663],{"class":106},[68,157863,111],{"class":110},[68,157865,9266],{"class":78},[68,157867,438],{"class":160},[68,157869,472],{"class":78},[68,157871,7828],{"class":160},[68,157873,472],{"class":78},[68,157875,7833],{"class":160},[68,157877,472],{"class":78},[68,157879,50858],{"class":160},[68,157881,472],{"class":78},[68,157883,5125],{"class":160},[68,157885,85],{"class":78},[68,157887,157888],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157889,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157891,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157893,129],{"class":128},[68,157895,79],{"class":78},[68,157897,3693],{"class":138},[68,157899,795],{"class":78},[68,157901,2129],{"class":160},[68,157903,77730],{"class":78},[20,157905,180],{},[59,157907,157909],{"className":61,"code":157908,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157910,157911],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157912,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157914,79],{"class":78},[68,157916,36874],{"class":160},[68,157918,472],{"class":78},[68,157920,50858],{"class":160},[68,157922,472],{"class":78},[68,157924,5125],{"class":160},[68,157926,85],{"class":78},[1470,157928,157930],{"id":157929},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[59,157932,157934],{"className":61,"code":157933,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157935,157936,157964,157968],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157939,3663],{"class":106},[68,157941,111],{"class":110},[68,157943,9266],{"class":78},[68,157945,438],{"class":160},[68,157947,472],{"class":78},[68,157949,7828],{"class":160},[68,157951,472],{"class":78},[68,157953,7833],{"class":160},[68,157955,472],{"class":78},[68,157957,50858],{"class":160},[68,157959,472],{"class":78},[68,157961,5125],{"class":160},[68,157963,85],{"class":78},[68,157965,157966],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,157967,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,157969,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,157971,129],{"class":128},[68,157973,79],{"class":78},[68,157975,3693],{"class":138},[68,157977,795],{"class":78},[68,157979,469],{"class":160},[68,157981,503],{"class":78},[68,157983,2568],{"class":160},[68,157985,3933],{"class":78},[20,157987,180],{},[59,157989,157991],{"className":61,"code":157990,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157992,157993],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,157994,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,157996,79],{"class":78},[68,157998,15786],{"class":160},[68,158000,472],{"class":78},[68,158002,7833],{"class":160},[68,158004,472],{"class":78},[68,158006,50858],{"class":160},[68,158008,85],{"class":78},[1470,158010,158012],{"id":158011},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[59,158014,158016],{"className":61,"code":158015,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158017,158018,158050,158054],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158021,3663],{"class":106},[68,158023,111],{"class":110},[68,158025,9266],{"class":78},[68,158027,438],{"class":160},[68,158029,472],{"class":78},[68,158031,7828],{"class":160},[68,158033,472],{"class":78},[68,158035,7833],{"class":160},[68,158037,472],{"class":78},[68,158039,50858],{"class":160},[68,158041,472],{"class":78},[68,158043,5125],{"class":160},[68,158045,472],{"class":78},[68,158047,76114],{"class":160},[68,158049,85],{"class":78},[68,158051,158052],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158053,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158055,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158057,129],{"class":128},[68,158059,79],{"class":78},[68,158061,3693],{"class":138},[68,158063,74136],{"class":78},[68,158065,2129],{"class":160},[68,158067,3933],{"class":78},[20,158069,180],{},[59,158071,158073],{"className":61,"code":158072,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158074,158075],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158076,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158078,79],{"class":78},[68,158080,438],{"class":160},[68,158082,472],{"class":78},[68,158084,7833],{"class":160},[68,158086,472],{"class":78},[68,158088,5125],{"class":160},[68,158090,85],{"class":78},[1470,158092,158094],{"id":158093},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[59,158096,158098],{"className":61,"code":158097,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158099,158100,158128,158132],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158101,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158103,3663],{"class":106},[68,158105,111],{"class":110},[68,158107,9266],{"class":78},[68,158109,438],{"class":160},[68,158111,472],{"class":78},[68,158113,7828],{"class":160},[68,158115,472],{"class":78},[68,158117,7833],{"class":160},[68,158119,472],{"class":78},[68,158121,50858],{"class":160},[68,158123,472],{"class":78},[68,158125,5125],{"class":160},[68,158127,85],{"class":78},[68,158129,158130],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158131,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158133,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158135,129],{"class":128},[68,158137,79],{"class":78},[68,158139,3693],{"class":138},[68,158141,74136],{"class":78},[68,158143,2094],{"class":110},[68,158145,469],{"class":160},[68,158147,3933],{"class":78},[20,158149,180],{},[59,158151,158153],{"className":61,"code":158152,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158154,158155],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158156,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158158,79],{"class":78},[68,158160,76808],{"class":160},[68,158162,472],{"class":78},[68,158164,50858],{"class":160},[68,158166,472],{"class":78},[68,158168,7833],{"class":160},[68,158170,472],{"class":78},[68,158172,7828],{"class":160},[68,158174,472],{"class":78},[68,158176,6045],{"class":160},[68,158178,85],{"class":78},[93,158180,76324],{"id":76323},[20,158182,154366],{},[20,158184,158185],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1470,158187,158189],{"id":158188},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[59,158191,158193],{"className":61,"code":158192,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158194,158195,158227,158231],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158196,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158198,3663],{"class":106},[68,158200,111],{"class":110},[68,158202,9266],{"class":78},[68,158204,438],{"class":160},[68,158206,472],{"class":78},[68,158208,7828],{"class":160},[68,158210,472],{"class":78},[68,158212,7833],{"class":160},[68,158214,472],{"class":78},[68,158216,50858],{"class":160},[68,158218,472],{"class":78},[68,158220,5125],{"class":160},[68,158222,472],{"class":78},[68,158224,76114],{"class":160},[68,158226,85],{"class":78},[68,158228,158229],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158230,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158234,129],{"class":128},[68,158236,79],{"class":78},[68,158238,3693],{"class":138},[68,158240,795],{"class":78},[68,158242,2094],{"class":110},[68,158244,2135],{"class":160},[68,158246,77730],{"class":78},[20,158248,180],{},[59,158250,158252],{"className":61,"code":158251,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158253,158254],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158255,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158257,79],{"class":78},[68,158259,56709],{"class":160},[68,158261,472],{"class":78},[68,158263,5125],{"class":160},[68,158265,472],{"class":78},[68,158267,76114],{"class":160},[68,158269,85],{"class":78},[1470,158271,158273],{"id":158272},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[59,158275,158277],{"className":61,"code":158276,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158278,158279,158307,158311],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158280,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158282,3663],{"class":106},[68,158284,111],{"class":110},[68,158286,9266],{"class":78},[68,158288,438],{"class":160},[68,158290,472],{"class":78},[68,158292,7828],{"class":160},[68,158294,472],{"class":78},[68,158296,7833],{"class":160},[68,158298,472],{"class":78},[68,158300,50858],{"class":160},[68,158302,472],{"class":78},[68,158304,5125],{"class":160},[68,158306,85],{"class":78},[68,158308,158309],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158310,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158312,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158314,129],{"class":128},[68,158316,79],{"class":78},[68,158318,3693],{"class":138},[68,158320,75549],{"class":78},[68,158322,2094],{"class":110},[68,158324,469],{"class":160},[68,158326,3933],{"class":78},[20,158328,180],{},[59,158330,158332],{"className":61,"code":158331,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158333,158334],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158335,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158337,79],{"class":78},[68,158339,438],{"class":160},[68,158341,472],{"class":78},[68,158343,7828],{"class":160},[68,158345,472],{"class":78},[68,158347,7833],{"class":160},[68,158349,472],{"class":78},[68,158351,50858],{"class":160},[68,158353,85],{"class":78},[20,158355,158356,158357,236],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[49,158358,150916],{"href":157249},[93,158360,158362],{"id":158361},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158364,2050,158365,158367],{},[15,158366,75443],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,158369,158370,158372,158374,158380],{},[36,158371,76580],{},[36,158373,76583],{},[36,158375,158376,158379],{},[15,158377,158378],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,158381,158382,158383,158385],{},"A step of ",[15,158384,2192],{}," is not allowed",[20,158387,158388],{},"Example with a positive step:",[59,158390,158392],{"className":61,"code":158391,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158393,158394,158426,158430],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158395,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158397,3663],{"class":106},[68,158399,111],{"class":110},[68,158401,9266],{"class":78},[68,158403,438],{"class":160},[68,158405,472],{"class":78},[68,158407,7828],{"class":160},[68,158409,472],{"class":78},[68,158411,7833],{"class":160},[68,158413,472],{"class":78},[68,158415,50858],{"class":160},[68,158417,472],{"class":78},[68,158419,5125],{"class":160},[68,158421,472],{"class":78},[68,158423,76114],{"class":160},[68,158425,85],{"class":78},[68,158427,158428],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158429,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158431,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158433,129],{"class":128},[68,158435,79],{"class":78},[68,158437,3693],{"class":138},[68,158439,795],{"class":78},[68,158441,469],{"class":160},[68,158443,503],{"class":78},[68,158445,80607],{"class":160},[68,158447,503],{"class":78},[68,158449,2129],{"class":160},[68,158451,3933],{"class":78},[20,158453,180],{},[59,158455,158457],{"className":61,"code":158456,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158458,158459],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158462,79],{"class":78},[68,158464,15786],{"class":160},[68,158466,472],{"class":78},[68,158468,50858],{"class":160},[68,158470,472],{"class":78},[68,158472,76114],{"class":160},[68,158474,85],{"class":78},[20,158476,158477],{},"Example with a negative step:",[59,158479,158481],{"className":61,"code":158480,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158482,158483,158511,158515],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158486,3663],{"class":106},[68,158488,111],{"class":110},[68,158490,9266],{"class":78},[68,158492,438],{"class":160},[68,158494,472],{"class":78},[68,158496,7828],{"class":160},[68,158498,472],{"class":78},[68,158500,7833],{"class":160},[68,158502,472],{"class":78},[68,158504,50858],{"class":160},[68,158506,472],{"class":78},[68,158508,5125],{"class":160},[68,158510,85],{"class":78},[68,158512,158513],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158514,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158516,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158518,129],{"class":128},[68,158520,79],{"class":78},[68,158522,3693],{"class":138},[68,158524,795],{"class":78},[68,158526,2568],{"class":160},[68,158528,503],{"class":78},[68,158530,469],{"class":160},[68,158532,503],{"class":78},[68,158534,2094],{"class":110},[68,158536,469],{"class":160},[68,158538,3933],{"class":78},[20,158540,180],{},[59,158542,158544],{"className":61,"code":158543,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158545,158546],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158547,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158549,79],{"class":78},[68,158551,76808],{"class":160},[68,158553,472],{"class":78},[68,158555,50858],{"class":160},[68,158557,472],{"class":78},[68,158559,7833],{"class":160},[68,158561,85],{"class":78},[20,158563,158564],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[59,158566,158568],{"className":61,"code":158567,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158569,158570,158590,158594],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158573,3663],{"class":106},[68,158575,111],{"class":110},[68,158577,9266],{"class":78},[68,158579,438],{"class":160},[68,158581,472],{"class":78},[68,158583,7828],{"class":160},[68,158585,472],{"class":78},[68,158587,7833],{"class":160},[68,158589,85],{"class":78},[68,158591,158592],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158593,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158595,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158597,129],{"class":128},[68,158599,79],{"class":78},[68,158601,3693],{"class":138},[68,158603,74136],{"class":78},[68,158605,2192],{"class":160},[68,158607,3933],{"class":78},[20,158609,158610],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[93,158612,158614],{"id":158613},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158616,158617,158618,33775],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1301,158619,48971],{},[1470,158621,158623],{"id":158622},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[59,158625,158627],{"className":61,"code":158626,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158628,158629,158653,158657,158675,158679,158689],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158632,3663],{"class":106},[68,158634,111],{"class":110},[68,158636,9266],{"class":78},[68,158638,438],{"class":160},[68,158640,472],{"class":78},[68,158642,7828],{"class":160},[68,158644,472],{"class":78},[68,158646,7833],{"class":160},[68,158648,472],{"class":78},[68,158650,50858],{"class":160},[68,158652,85],{"class":78},[68,158654,158655],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158656,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158658,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158660,2297],{"class":106},[68,158662,111],{"class":110},[68,158664,4308],{"class":106},[68,158666,795],{"class":78},[68,158668,469],{"class":160},[68,158670,503],{"class":78},[68,158672,2135],{"class":160},[68,158674,730],{"class":78},[68,158676,158677],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,158678,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158680,158681,158683,158685,158687],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,158682,129],{"class":128},[68,158684,79],{"class":78},[68,158686,2331],{"class":138},[68,158688,85],{"class":78},[68,158690,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,158692,129],{"class":128},[68,158694,79],{"class":78},[68,158696,75],{"class":74},[68,158698,79],{"class":78},[68,158700,2331],{"class":138},[68,158702,142],{"class":78},[20,158704,180],{},[59,158706,158708],{"className":61,"code":158707,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158709,158710,158722],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158711,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158713,79],{"class":78},[68,158715,15786],{"class":160},[68,158717,472],{"class":78},[68,158719,7833],{"class":160},[68,158721,85],{"class":78},[68,158723,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158725,190],{"class":110},[68,158727,194],{"class":193},[68,158729,197],{"class":114},[68,158731,48971],{"class":118},[68,158733,203],{"class":114},[68,158735,206],{"class":110},[1470,158737,158739],{"id":158738},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[59,158741,158743],{"className":61,"code":158742,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158744,158745,158765,158769,158787,158791,158801],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158746,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158748,3663],{"class":106},[68,158750,111],{"class":110},[68,158752,9266],{"class":78},[68,158754,438],{"class":160},[68,158756,472],{"class":78},[68,158758,7828],{"class":160},[68,158760,472],{"class":78},[68,158762,7833],{"class":160},[68,158764,85],{"class":78},[68,158766,158767],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158768,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158772,2297],{"class":106},[68,158774,111],{"class":110},[68,158776,4308],{"class":106},[68,158778,795],{"class":78},[68,158780,469],{"class":160},[68,158782,503],{"class":78},[68,158784,2129],{"class":160},[68,158786,730],{"class":78},[68,158788,158789],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,158790,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,158794,129],{"class":128},[68,158796,79],{"class":78},[68,158798,2331],{"class":138},[68,158800,85],{"class":78},[68,158802,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,158804,129],{"class":128},[68,158806,79],{"class":78},[68,158808,75],{"class":74},[68,158810,79],{"class":78},[68,158812,2331],{"class":138},[68,158814,142],{"class":78},[20,158816,180],{},[59,158818,158820],{"className":61,"code":158819,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158821,158822,158830],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158823,158824,158826,158828],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158825,79],{"class":78},[68,158827,15786],{"class":160},[68,158829,149350],{"class":78},[68,158831,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158833,190],{"class":110},[68,158835,194],{"class":193},[68,158837,197],{"class":114},[68,158839,48971],{"class":118},[68,158841,203],{"class":114},[68,158843,206],{"class":110},[1470,158845,158847],{"id":158846},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[59,158849,158851],{"className":61,"code":158850,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158852,158853,158873,158877],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158854,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158856,3663],{"class":106},[68,158858,111],{"class":110},[68,158860,9266],{"class":78},[68,158862,438],{"class":160},[68,158864,472],{"class":78},[68,158866,7828],{"class":160},[68,158868,472],{"class":78},[68,158870,7833],{"class":160},[68,158872,85],{"class":78},[68,158874,158875],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158876,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158878,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158880,129],{"class":128},[68,158882,79],{"class":78},[68,158884,3693],{"class":138},[68,158886,795],{"class":78},[68,158888,1497],{"class":160},[68,158890,503],{"class":78},[68,158892,2411],{"class":160},[68,158894,3933],{"class":78},[20,158896,180],{},[59,158898,158899],{"className":61,"code":8677,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,158900,158901],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158902,158903],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158904,8677],{"class":78},[20,158906,158907,158908,236],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[49,158909,156086],{"href":150973},[93,158911,158913],{"id":158912},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158915,158916],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,158918,158919,158921,158924,158929],{},[36,158920,76889],{},[36,158922,158923],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,158925,158926,158927],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158928,70745],{},[36,158930,158931],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158933,326],{},[59,158935,158937],{"className":61,"code":158936,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158938,158939,158959,158963,158980,159001],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,158940,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,158942,3663],{"class":106},[68,158944,111],{"class":110},[68,158946,9266],{"class":78},[68,158948,438],{"class":160},[68,158950,472],{"class":78},[68,158952,7828],{"class":160},[68,158954,472],{"class":78},[68,158956,7833],{"class":160},[68,158958,85],{"class":78},[68,158960,158961],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,158962,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,158964,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,158966,129],{"class":128},[68,158968,79],{"class":78},[68,158970,3693],{"class":138},[68,158972,795],{"class":78},[68,158974,469],{"class":160},[68,158976,20480],{"class":78},[68,158978,158979],{"class":3708},"    # one item\n",[68,158981,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,158983,129],{"class":128},[68,158985,79],{"class":78},[68,158987,3693],{"class":138},[68,158989,795],{"class":78},[68,158991,469],{"class":160},[68,158993,503],{"class":78},[68,158995,1497],{"class":160},[68,158997,20480],{"class":78},[68,158999,159000],{"class":3708},"  # slice\n",[68,159002,159003,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,159004,129],{"class":128},[68,159006,79],{"class":78},[68,159008,3693],{"class":138},[68,159010,795],{"class":78},[68,159012,1497],{"class":160},[68,159014,503],{"class":78},[68,159016,2411],{"class":160},[68,159018,20480],{"class":78},[68,159020,159021],{"class":3708},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159023,180],{},[59,159025,159027],{"className":61,"code":159026,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159028,159029,159033,159045],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159030,159031],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159032,71238],{"class":160},[68,159034,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159036,79],{"class":78},[68,159038,15786],{"class":160},[68,159040,472],{"class":78},[68,159042,7833],{"class":160},[68,159044,85],{"class":78},[68,159046,159047],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159048,8677],{"class":78},[20,159050,159051],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[59,159053,159055],{"className":61,"code":159054,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159056,159057,159077,159081],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159058,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159060,3663],{"class":106},[68,159062,111],{"class":110},[68,159064,9266],{"class":78},[68,159066,438],{"class":160},[68,159068,472],{"class":78},[68,159070,7828],{"class":160},[68,159072,472],{"class":78},[68,159074,7833],{"class":160},[68,159076,85],{"class":78},[68,159078,159079],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159080,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159082,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159084,129],{"class":128},[68,159086,79],{"class":78},[68,159088,3693],{"class":138},[68,159090,795],{"class":78},[68,159092,1497],{"class":160},[68,159094,3933],{"class":78},[20,159096,159097,159098,159100,159101,236],{},"This raises an ",[15,159099,70745],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[49,159102,154839],{"href":159103},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[93,159105,15208],{"id":77156},[20,159107,159108],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,159110,159111,159114,159116,159119],{},[36,159112,159113],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,159115,60709],{},[36,159117,159118],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,159120,159121,159122],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159123,2192],{},[20,159125,159126],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1470,159128,159130],{"id":159129},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[59,159132,159133],{"className":61,"code":157933,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,159134,159135,159163,159167],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159138,3663],{"class":106},[68,159140,111],{"class":110},[68,159142,9266],{"class":78},[68,159144,438],{"class":160},[68,159146,472],{"class":78},[68,159148,7828],{"class":160},[68,159150,472],{"class":78},[68,159152,7833],{"class":160},[68,159154,472],{"class":78},[68,159156,50858],{"class":160},[68,159158,472],{"class":78},[68,159160,5125],{"class":160},[68,159162,85],{"class":78},[68,159164,159165],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159166,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159168,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177,159179,159181,159183],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159170,129],{"class":128},[68,159172,79],{"class":78},[68,159174,3693],{"class":138},[68,159176,795],{"class":78},[68,159178,469],{"class":160},[68,159180,503],{"class":78},[68,159182,2568],{"class":160},[68,159184,3933],{"class":78},[20,159186,180],{},[59,159188,159189],{"className":61,"code":157990,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,159190,159191],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159192,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159194,79],{"class":78},[68,159196,15786],{"class":160},[68,159198,472],{"class":78},[68,159200,7833],{"class":160},[68,159202,472],{"class":78},[68,159204,50858],{"class":160},[68,159206,85],{"class":78},[20,159208,132419,159209,159211],{},[15,159210,2568],{}," is not included.",[1470,159213,159215],{"id":159214},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159217,4570],{},[59,159219,159221],{"className":61,"code":159220,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159222,159223,159247,159251],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159224,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159226,3663],{"class":106},[68,159228,111],{"class":110},[68,159230,9266],{"class":78},[68,159232,438],{"class":160},[68,159234,472],{"class":78},[68,159236,7828],{"class":160},[68,159238,472],{"class":78},[68,159240,7833],{"class":160},[68,159242,472],{"class":78},[68,159244,50858],{"class":160},[68,159246,85],{"class":78},[68,159248,159249],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159250,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159252,159253],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159254,159255],{"class":3708},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159257,159258],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[59,159260,159261],{"className":61,"code":154919,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,159262,159263,159287,159291],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159264,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159266,3663],{"class":106},[68,159268,111],{"class":110},[68,159270,9266],{"class":78},[68,159272,438],{"class":160},[68,159274,472],{"class":78},[68,159276,7828],{"class":160},[68,159278,472],{"class":78},[68,159280,7833],{"class":160},[68,159282,472],{"class":78},[68,159284,50858],{"class":160},[68,159286,85],{"class":78},[68,159288,159289],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159290,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159292,159293,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159294,129],{"class":128},[68,159296,79],{"class":78},[68,159298,3693],{"class":138},[68,159300,795],{"class":78},[68,159302,469],{"class":160},[68,159304,503],{"class":78},[68,159306,2135],{"class":160},[68,159308,3933],{"class":78},[1470,159310,159312],{"id":159311},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[59,159314,159316],{"className":61,"code":159315,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159317,159318,159342,159346,159361,159365,159376],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159319,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159321,3663],{"class":106},[68,159323,111],{"class":110},[68,159325,9266],{"class":78},[68,159327,438],{"class":160},[68,159329,472],{"class":78},[68,159331,7828],{"class":160},[68,159333,472],{"class":78},[68,159335,7833],{"class":160},[68,159337,472],{"class":78},[68,159339,50858],{"class":160},[68,159341,85],{"class":78},[68,159343,159344],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159345,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159347,159348,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159349,159350],{"class":106},"slice_result ",[68,159352,111],{"class":110},[68,159354,4308],{"class":106},[68,159356,75549],{"class":78},[68,159358,2129],{"class":160},[68,159360,730],{"class":78},[68,159362,159363],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,159364,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,159366,159367,159369,159371,159374],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,159368,129],{"class":128},[68,159370,79],{"class":78},[68,159372,159373],{"class":138},"slice_result",[68,159375,85],{"class":78},[68,159377,159378,159380,159382,159384],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,159379,129],{"class":128},[68,159381,79],{"class":78},[68,159383,3693],{"class":138},[68,159385,85],{"class":78},[20,159387,180],{},[59,159389,159391],{"className":61,"code":159390,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159392,159393,159405],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159394,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159396,79],{"class":78},[68,159398,438],{"class":160},[68,159400,472],{"class":78},[68,159402,7828],{"class":160},[68,159404,85],{"class":78},[68,159406,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159408,79],{"class":78},[68,159410,438],{"class":160},[68,159412,472],{"class":78},[68,159414,7828],{"class":160},[68,159416,472],{"class":78},[68,159418,7833],{"class":160},[68,159420,472],{"class":78},[68,159422,50858],{"class":160},[68,159424,85],{"class":78},[20,159426,159427],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[93,159429,113739],{"id":113738},[20,159431,159432],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,159434,159435,159438,159441,159447,159450],{},[36,159436,159437],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,159439,159440],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,159442,159443,159444],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159445,159446],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,159448,159449],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,159451,159452],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159454,159455],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[59,159457,159459],{"className":61,"code":159458,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159460,159461,159471,159489,159511],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,159462,159463,159465,159467,159469],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,159464,129],{"class":128},[68,159466,79],{"class":78},[68,159468,148012],{"class":138},[68,159470,85],{"class":78},[68,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,159474,129],{"class":128},[68,159476,79],{"class":78},[68,159478,148012],{"class":138},[68,159480,795],{"class":78},[68,159482,469],{"class":160},[68,159484,503],{"class":78},[68,159486,2568],{"class":160},[68,159488,3933],{"class":78},[68,159490,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,159492,129],{"class":128},[68,159494,79],{"class":78},[68,159496,75],{"class":74},[68,159498,79],{"class":78},[68,159500,148012],{"class":138},[68,159502,795],{"class":78},[68,159504,469],{"class":160},[68,159506,503],{"class":78},[68,159508,2568],{"class":160},[68,159510,483],{"class":78},[68,159512,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,159514,129],{"class":128},[68,159516,79],{"class":78},[68,159518,11191],{"class":128},[68,159520,79],{"class":78},[68,159522,148012],{"class":138},[68,159524,142],{"class":78},[20,159526,11200],{},[33,159528,159529,159531,159534,159537],{},[36,159530,155226],{},[36,159532,159533],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,159535,159536],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,159538,159539],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[93,159541,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,159543,159545],{"id":159544},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159547,159548],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1470,159550,159552],{"id":159551},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159554,159555],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1470,159557,1878,159559,39995],{"id":159558},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159560,158378],{},[20,159562,159563],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1470,159565,159567,159568,1906],{"id":159566},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159569,70745],{},[20,159571,159572,159573,236],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159574,70745],{},[93,159576,1952],{"id":1951},[33,159578,159579,159583,159587,159591,159595],{},[36,159580,159581],{},[49,159582,156086],{"href":150973},[36,159584,159585],{},[49,159586,149667],{"href":153093},[36,159588,159589],{},[49,159590,150916],{"href":157249},[36,159592,159593],{},[49,159594,147994],{"href":157611},[36,159596,159597],{},[49,159598,154839],{"href":159103},[1995,159600,159601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161325,"toc":163760},[161326,161331,161336,161345,161347,161447,161449,161474,161479,161484,161500,161503,161505,161507,161532,161535,161538,161621,161623,161672,161675,161797,161799,161872,161876,161879,161993,161995,162021,162023,162044,162049,162053,162058,162061,162165,162167,162184,162193,162196,162283,162285,162296,162301,162307,162312,162318,162321,162414,162416,162465,162471,162474,162575,162577,162630,162635,162639,162642,162741,162743,162782,162785,162790,162792,162797,162801,162914,162918,163015,163019,163107,163109,163126,163130,163253,163259,163265,163271,163276,163279,163306,163310,163312,163406,163409,163413,163416,163503,163506,163541,163543,163580,163583,163591,163596,163601,163675,163682,163684,163689,163692,163698,163701,163707,163712,163718,163723,163727,163730,163732,163757],[10,161327,13,161329,18],{"id":161328},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161330,64336],{},[20,161332,161333,161335],{},[15,161334,64336],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161337,161338,161339,161341,161342,161344],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161340,64336],{}," inside a ",[15,161343,5998],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[93,161346,2075],{"id":2074},[59,161348,161350],{"className":61,"code":161349,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161351,161352,161384,161404,161408,161433],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161353,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161355,5040],{"class":106},[68,161357,111],{"class":110},[68,161359,725],{"class":78},[68,161361,344],{"class":114},[68,161363,12913],{"class":118},[68,161365,344],{"class":114},[68,161367,472],{"class":78},[68,161369,115],{"class":114},[68,161371,35972],{"class":118},[68,161373,344],{"class":114},[68,161375,472],{"class":78},[68,161377,115],{"class":114},[68,161379,35981],{"class":118},[68,161381,344],{"class":114},[68,161383,730],{"class":78},[68,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,161387,5108],{"class":106},[68,161389,111],{"class":110},[68,161391,725],{"class":78},[68,161393,13534],{"class":160},[68,161395,472],{"class":78},[68,161397,13539],{"class":160},[68,161399,472],{"class":78},[68,161401,28955],{"class":160},[68,161403,730],{"class":78},[68,161405,161406],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,161407,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,161409,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,161411,5998],{"class":1098},[68,161413,36023],{"class":106},[68,161415,472],{"class":78},[68,161417,5150],{"class":106},[68,161419,3927],{"class":1098},[68,161421,161422],{"class":128}," zip",[68,161424,79],{"class":78},[68,161426,5083],{"class":138},[68,161428,472],{"class":78},[68,161430,5155],{"class":138},[68,161432,1113],{"class":78},[68,161434,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,161436,1118],{"class":128},[68,161438,79],{"class":78},[68,161440,139],{"class":138},[68,161442,472],{"class":78},[68,161444,130869],{"class":138},[68,161446,85],{"class":78},[20,161448,180],{},[59,161450,161452],{"className":61,"code":161451,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161453,161454,161460,161467],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161455,161456,161458],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161457,133888],{"class":106},[68,161459,33169],{"class":160},[68,161461,161462,161465],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,161463,161464],{"class":106},"Ben ",[68,161466,33174],{"class":160},[68,161468,161469,161472],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,161470,161471],{"class":106},"Cara ",[68,161473,33179],{"class":160},[20,161475,224,161476,161478],{},[15,161477,64336],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[93,161480,3722,161482,3725],{"id":161481},"what-zip-does",[15,161483,64336],{},[33,161485,161486,161491,161494,161497],{},[36,161487,161488,161490],{},[15,161489,64336],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,161492,161493],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,161495,161496],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,161498,161499],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161501,161502],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[93,161504,303],{"id":302},[20,161506,7255],{},[59,161508,161510],{"className":61,"code":161509,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161511,161512],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161513,161514,161516,161518,161521,161523,161526,161528,161530],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161515,64406],{"class":128},[68,161517,79],{"class":78},[68,161519,161520],{"class":138},"iterable1",[68,161522,472],{"class":78},[68,161524,161525],{"class":138}," iterable2",[68,161527,472],{"class":78},[68,161529,34487],{"class":128},[68,161531,85],{"class":78},[20,161533,161534],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161536,161537],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[59,161539,161541],{"className":61,"code":161540,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161542,161543,161563,161595,161599],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161546,3663],{"class":106},[68,161548,111],{"class":110},[68,161550,725],{"class":78},[68,161552,469],{"class":160},[68,161554,472],{"class":78},[68,161556,475],{"class":160},[68,161558,472],{"class":78},[68,161560,480],{"class":160},[68,161562,730],{"class":78},[68,161564,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,161566,36122],{"class":106},[68,161568,111],{"class":110},[68,161570,725],{"class":78},[68,161572,344],{"class":114},[68,161574,49],{"class":118},[68,161576,344],{"class":114},[68,161578,472],{"class":78},[68,161580,115],{"class":114},[68,161582,4806],{"class":118},[68,161584,344],{"class":114},[68,161586,472],{"class":78},[68,161588,115],{"class":114},[68,161590,9769],{"class":118},[68,161592,344],{"class":114},[68,161594,730],{"class":78},[68,161596,161597],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,161598,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,161600,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,161602,129],{"class":128},[68,161604,79],{"class":78},[68,161606,274],{"class":74},[68,161608,79],{"class":78},[68,161610,64406],{"class":128},[68,161612,79],{"class":78},[68,161614,3693],{"class":138},[68,161616,472],{"class":78},[68,161618,70110],{"class":138},[68,161620,2970],{"class":78},[20,161622,180],{},[59,161624,161626],{"className":61,"code":161625,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161627,161628],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161629,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161631,21775],{"class":78},[68,161633,469],{"class":160},[68,161635,472],{"class":78},[68,161637,197],{"class":114},[68,161639,49],{"class":118},[68,161641,203],{"class":114},[68,161643,9263],{"class":78},[68,161645,9266],{"class":78},[68,161647,2129],{"class":160},[68,161649,472],{"class":78},[68,161651,197],{"class":114},[68,161653,4806],{"class":118},[68,161655,203],{"class":114},[68,161657,9263],{"class":78},[68,161659,9266],{"class":78},[68,161661,2135],{"class":160},[68,161663,472],{"class":78},[68,161665,197],{"class":114},[68,161667,9769],{"class":118},[68,161669,203],{"class":114},[68,161671,9279],{"class":78},[20,161673,161674],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[59,161676,161678],{"className":61,"code":161677,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161679,161680,161712,161732,161766,161770],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161681,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161683,5040],{"class":106},[68,161685,111],{"class":110},[68,161687,725],{"class":78},[68,161689,344],{"class":114},[68,161691,12913],{"class":118},[68,161693,344],{"class":114},[68,161695,472],{"class":78},[68,161697,115],{"class":114},[68,161699,35972],{"class":118},[68,161701,344],{"class":114},[68,161703,472],{"class":78},[68,161705,115],{"class":114},[68,161707,35981],{"class":118},[68,161709,344],{"class":114},[68,161711,730],{"class":78},[68,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,161715,5108],{"class":106},[68,161717,111],{"class":110},[68,161719,725],{"class":78},[68,161721,13534],{"class":160},[68,161723,472],{"class":78},[68,161725,13539],{"class":160},[68,161727,472],{"class":78},[68,161729,28955],{"class":160},[68,161731,730],{"class":78},[68,161733,161734,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161762,161764],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,161735,161736],{"class":106},"grades ",[68,161738,111],{"class":110},[68,161740,725],{"class":78},[68,161742,344],{"class":114},[68,161744,22280],{"class":118},[68,161746,344],{"class":114},[68,161748,472],{"class":78},[68,161750,115],{"class":114},[68,161752,30634],{"class":118},[68,161754,344],{"class":114},[68,161756,472],{"class":78},[68,161758,115],{"class":114},[68,161760,161761],{"class":118},"B+",[68,161763,344],{"class":114},[68,161765,730],{"class":78},[68,161767,161768],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,161769,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,161771,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161795],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,161773,129],{"class":128},[68,161775,79],{"class":78},[68,161777,274],{"class":74},[68,161779,79],{"class":78},[68,161781,64406],{"class":128},[68,161783,79],{"class":78},[68,161785,5083],{"class":138},[68,161787,472],{"class":78},[68,161789,5155],{"class":138},[68,161791,472],{"class":78},[68,161793,161794],{"class":138}," grades",[68,161796,2970],{"class":78},[20,161798,180],{},[59,161800,161802],{"className":61,"code":161801,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161803,161804],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161805,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161807,21775],{"class":78},[68,161809,203],{"class":114},[68,161811,12913],{"class":118},[68,161813,203],{"class":114},[68,161815,472],{"class":78},[68,161817,19932],{"class":160},[68,161819,472],{"class":78},[68,161821,197],{"class":114},[68,161823,22280],{"class":118},[68,161825,203],{"class":114},[68,161827,9263],{"class":78},[68,161829,9266],{"class":78},[68,161831,203],{"class":114},[68,161833,35972],{"class":118},[68,161835,203],{"class":114},[68,161837,472],{"class":78},[68,161839,13539],{"class":160},[68,161841,472],{"class":78},[68,161843,197],{"class":114},[68,161845,30634],{"class":118},[68,161847,203],{"class":114},[68,161849,9263],{"class":78},[68,161851,9266],{"class":78},[68,161853,203],{"class":114},[68,161855,35981],{"class":118},[68,161857,203],{"class":114},[68,161859,472],{"class":78},[68,161861,28955],{"class":160},[68,161863,472],{"class":78},[68,161865,197],{"class":114},[68,161867,161761],{"class":118},[68,161869,203],{"class":114},[68,161871,9279],{"class":78},[93,161873,161875],{"id":161874},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161877,161878],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[59,161880,161882],{"className":61,"code":161881,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161883,161884,161916,161936,161940,161964],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,161885,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,161887,5040],{"class":106},[68,161889,111],{"class":110},[68,161891,725],{"class":78},[68,161893,344],{"class":114},[68,161895,12913],{"class":118},[68,161897,344],{"class":114},[68,161899,472],{"class":78},[68,161901,115],{"class":114},[68,161903,35972],{"class":118},[68,161905,344],{"class":114},[68,161907,472],{"class":78},[68,161909,115],{"class":114},[68,161911,35981],{"class":118},[68,161913,344],{"class":114},[68,161915,730],{"class":78},[68,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,161919,5108],{"class":106},[68,161921,111],{"class":110},[68,161923,725],{"class":78},[68,161925,13534],{"class":160},[68,161927,472],{"class":78},[68,161929,13539],{"class":160},[68,161931,472],{"class":78},[68,161933,28955],{"class":160},[68,161935,730],{"class":78},[68,161937,161938],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,161939,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,161941,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,161943,5998],{"class":1098},[68,161945,36023],{"class":106},[68,161947,472],{"class":78},[68,161949,5150],{"class":106},[68,161951,3927],{"class":1098},[68,161953,161422],{"class":128},[68,161955,79],{"class":78},[68,161957,5083],{"class":138},[68,161959,472],{"class":78},[68,161961,5155],{"class":138},[68,161963,1113],{"class":78},[68,161965,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,161967,1118],{"class":128},[68,161969,79],{"class":78},[68,161971,22329],{"class":193},[68,161973,344],{"class":118},[68,161975,9308],{"class":160},[68,161977,139],{"class":138},[68,161979,22338],{"class":160},[68,161981,161982],{"class":118}," scored ",[68,161984,9308],{"class":160},[68,161986,85533],{"class":138},[68,161988,22338],{"class":160},[68,161990,344],{"class":118},[68,161992,85],{"class":78},[20,161994,180],{},[59,161996,161998],{"className":61,"code":161997,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161999,162000,162007,162014],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162001,162002,162005],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162003,162004],{"class":106},"Ana scored ",[68,162006,33169],{"class":160},[68,162008,162009,162012],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162010,162011],{"class":106},"Ben scored ",[68,162013,33174],{"class":160},[68,162015,162016,162019],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162017,162018],{"class":106},"Cara scored ",[68,162020,33179],{"class":160},[20,162022,44957],{},[33,162024,162025,162034,162037],{},[36,162026,162027,162030,162031],{},[15,162028,162029],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162032,162033],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,162035,162036],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,162038,162039,232,162041,162043],{},[15,162040,139],{},[15,162042,85533],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162045,162046,162047,236],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[49,162048,69627],{"href":69626},[93,162050,162052],{"id":162051},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162054,162055,162057],{},[15,162056,64336],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162059,162060],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[59,162062,162064],{"className":61,"code":162063,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162065,162066,162107,162123,162127,162151],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162067,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162103,162105],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162069,5040],{"class":106},[68,162071,111],{"class":110},[68,162073,725],{"class":78},[68,162075,344],{"class":114},[68,162077,12913],{"class":118},[68,162079,344],{"class":114},[68,162081,472],{"class":78},[68,162083,115],{"class":114},[68,162085,35972],{"class":118},[68,162087,344],{"class":114},[68,162089,472],{"class":78},[68,162091,115],{"class":114},[68,162093,35981],{"class":118},[68,162095,344],{"class":114},[68,162097,472],{"class":78},[68,162099,115],{"class":114},[68,162101,162102],{"class":118},"Dan",[68,162104,344],{"class":114},[68,162106,730],{"class":78},[68,162108,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162110,5108],{"class":106},[68,162112,111],{"class":110},[68,162114,725],{"class":78},[68,162116,13534],{"class":160},[68,162118,472],{"class":78},[68,162120,13539],{"class":160},[68,162122,730],{"class":78},[68,162124,162125],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162126,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162128,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162130,5998],{"class":1098},[68,162132,36023],{"class":106},[68,162134,472],{"class":78},[68,162136,5150],{"class":106},[68,162138,3927],{"class":1098},[68,162140,161422],{"class":128},[68,162142,79],{"class":78},[68,162144,5083],{"class":138},[68,162146,472],{"class":78},[68,162148,5155],{"class":138},[68,162150,1113],{"class":78},[68,162152,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,162154,1118],{"class":128},[68,162156,79],{"class":78},[68,162158,139],{"class":138},[68,162160,472],{"class":78},[68,162162,130869],{"class":138},[68,162164,85],{"class":78},[20,162166,180],{},[59,162168,162170],{"className":61,"code":162169,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162171,162172,162178],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162173,162174,162176],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162175,133888],{"class":106},[68,162177,33169],{"class":160},[68,162179,162180,162182],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162181,161464],{"class":106},[68,162183,33174],{"class":160},[20,162185,2353,162186,232,162189,162192],{},[15,162187,162188],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162190,162191],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162194,162195],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[59,162197,162199],{"className":61,"code":162198,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162200,162201,162241,162257,162261],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162202,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162204,5040],{"class":106},[68,162206,111],{"class":110},[68,162208,725],{"class":78},[68,162210,344],{"class":114},[68,162212,12913],{"class":118},[68,162214,344],{"class":114},[68,162216,472],{"class":78},[68,162218,115],{"class":114},[68,162220,35972],{"class":118},[68,162222,344],{"class":114},[68,162224,472],{"class":78},[68,162226,115],{"class":114},[68,162228,35981],{"class":118},[68,162230,344],{"class":114},[68,162232,472],{"class":78},[68,162234,115],{"class":114},[68,162236,162102],{"class":118},[68,162238,344],{"class":114},[68,162240,730],{"class":78},[68,162242,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162244,5108],{"class":106},[68,162246,111],{"class":110},[68,162248,725],{"class":78},[68,162250,13534],{"class":160},[68,162252,472],{"class":78},[68,162254,13539],{"class":160},[68,162256,730],{"class":78},[68,162258,162259],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162260,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162262,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162264,129],{"class":128},[68,162266,79],{"class":78},[68,162268,11191],{"class":128},[68,162270,79],{"class":78},[68,162272,5083],{"class":138},[68,162274,9263],{"class":78},[68,162276,38420],{"class":128},[68,162278,79],{"class":78},[68,162280,16421],{"class":138},[68,162282,142],{"class":78},[20,162284,180],{},[59,162286,162288],{"className":61,"code":162287,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"4 2\n",[15,162289,162290],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162291,162292,162294],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162293,2568],{"class":160},[68,162295,45615],{"class":160},[20,162297,162298,162299,236],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162300,64336],{},[93,162302,92124,162304,162306],{"id":162303},"converting-zip-output",[15,162305,64336],{}," output",[20,162308,1928,162309,162311],{},[15,162310,64336],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1470,162313,224,162315],{"id":162314},"use-listzip",[15,162316,162317],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162319,162320],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[59,162322,162324],{"className":61,"code":162323,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162325,162326,162358,162378,162382,162404],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162327,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162329,5040],{"class":106},[68,162331,111],{"class":110},[68,162333,725],{"class":78},[68,162335,344],{"class":114},[68,162337,12913],{"class":118},[68,162339,344],{"class":114},[68,162341,472],{"class":78},[68,162343,115],{"class":114},[68,162345,35972],{"class":118},[68,162347,344],{"class":114},[68,162349,472],{"class":78},[68,162351,115],{"class":114},[68,162353,35981],{"class":118},[68,162355,344],{"class":114},[68,162357,730],{"class":78},[68,162359,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162361,5108],{"class":106},[68,162363,111],{"class":110},[68,162365,725],{"class":78},[68,162367,13534],{"class":160},[68,162369,472],{"class":78},[68,162371,13539],{"class":160},[68,162373,472],{"class":78},[68,162375,28955],{"class":160},[68,162377,730],{"class":78},[68,162379,162380],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162381,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162383,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162385,9245],{"class":106},[68,162387,111],{"class":110},[68,162389,22595],{"class":74},[68,162391,79],{"class":78},[68,162393,64406],{"class":128},[68,162395,79],{"class":78},[68,162397,5083],{"class":138},[68,162399,472],{"class":78},[68,162401,5155],{"class":138},[68,162403,142],{"class":78},[68,162405,162406,162408,162410,162412],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,162407,129],{"class":128},[68,162409,79],{"class":78},[68,162411,9292],{"class":138},[68,162413,85],{"class":78},[20,162415,180],{},[59,162417,162419],{"className":61,"code":162418,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162420,162421],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162422,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162424,21775],{"class":78},[68,162426,203],{"class":114},[68,162428,12913],{"class":118},[68,162430,203],{"class":114},[68,162432,472],{"class":78},[68,162434,19932],{"class":160},[68,162436,9263],{"class":78},[68,162438,9266],{"class":78},[68,162440,203],{"class":114},[68,162442,35972],{"class":118},[68,162444,203],{"class":114},[68,162446,472],{"class":78},[68,162448,13539],{"class":160},[68,162450,9263],{"class":78},[68,162452,9266],{"class":78},[68,162454,203],{"class":114},[68,162456,35981],{"class":118},[68,162458,203],{"class":114},[68,162460,472],{"class":78},[68,162462,28955],{"class":160},[68,162464,9279],{"class":78},[1470,162466,224,162468],{"id":162467},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162469,162470],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162472,162473],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[59,162475,162477],{"className":61,"code":162476,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162478,162479,162511,162539,162543,162565],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162480,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162482,17274],{"class":106},[68,162484,111],{"class":110},[68,162486,725],{"class":78},[68,162488,344],{"class":114},[68,162490,139],{"class":118},[68,162492,344],{"class":114},[68,162494,472],{"class":78},[68,162496,115],{"class":114},[68,162498,395],{"class":118},[68,162500,344],{"class":114},[68,162502,472],{"class":78},[68,162504,115],{"class":114},[68,162506,10439],{"class":118},[68,162508,344],{"class":114},[68,162510,730],{"class":78},[68,162512,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162514,3869],{"class":106},[68,162516,111],{"class":110},[68,162518,725],{"class":78},[68,162520,344],{"class":114},[68,162522,12913],{"class":118},[68,162524,344],{"class":114},[68,162526,472],{"class":78},[68,162528,9335],{"class":160},[68,162530,472],{"class":78},[68,162532,115],{"class":114},[68,162534,16063],{"class":118},[68,162536,344],{"class":114},[68,162538,730],{"class":78},[68,162540,162541],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162542,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162544,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162546,13237],{"class":106},[68,162548,111],{"class":110},[68,162550,1183],{"class":74},[68,162552,79],{"class":78},[68,162554,64406],{"class":128},[68,162556,79],{"class":78},[68,162558,16956],{"class":138},[68,162560,472],{"class":78},[68,162562,3930],{"class":138},[68,162564,142],{"class":78},[68,162566,162567,162569,162571,162573],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,162568,129],{"class":128},[68,162570,79],{"class":78},[68,162572,17339],{"class":138},[68,162574,85],{"class":78},[20,162576,180],{},[59,162578,162580],{"className":61,"code":162579,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162581,162582],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162583,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162585,9308],{"class":78},[68,162587,203],{"class":114},[68,162589,139],{"class":118},[68,162591,203],{"class":114},[68,162593,503],{"class":78},[68,162595,197],{"class":114},[68,162597,12913],{"class":118},[68,162599,203],{"class":114},[68,162601,472],{"class":78},[68,162603,197],{"class":114},[68,162605,395],{"class":118},[68,162607,203],{"class":114},[68,162609,503],{"class":78},[68,162611,9335],{"class":160},[68,162613,472],{"class":78},[68,162615,197],{"class":114},[68,162617,10439],{"class":118},[68,162619,203],{"class":114},[68,162621,503],{"class":78},[68,162623,197],{"class":114},[68,162625,16063],{"class":118},[68,162627,203],{"class":114},[68,162629,9338],{"class":78},[20,162631,162632,162633,236],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[49,162634,31121],{"href":31120},[1470,162636,162638],{"id":162637},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162640,162641],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[59,162643,162645],{"className":61,"code":162644,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162646,162647,162671,162687,162691,162709,162713,162727],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162648,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162650,5040],{"class":106},[68,162652,111],{"class":110},[68,162654,725],{"class":78},[68,162656,344],{"class":114},[68,162658,12913],{"class":118},[68,162660,344],{"class":114},[68,162662,472],{"class":78},[68,162664,115],{"class":114},[68,162666,35972],{"class":118},[68,162668,344],{"class":114},[68,162670,730],{"class":78},[68,162672,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162674,5108],{"class":106},[68,162676,111],{"class":110},[68,162678,725],{"class":78},[68,162680,13534],{"class":160},[68,162682,472],{"class":78},[68,162684,13539],{"class":160},[68,162686,730],{"class":78},[68,162688,162689],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162690,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162692,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162694,9245],{"class":106},[68,162696,111],{"class":110},[68,162698,161422],{"class":128},[68,162700,79],{"class":78},[68,162702,5083],{"class":138},[68,162704,472],{"class":78},[68,162706,5155],{"class":138},[68,162708,85],{"class":78},[68,162710,162711],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,162712,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162714,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,162716,129],{"class":128},[68,162718,79],{"class":78},[68,162720,274],{"class":74},[68,162722,79],{"class":78},[68,162724,9292],{"class":138},[68,162726,142],{"class":78},[68,162728,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,162730,129],{"class":128},[68,162732,79],{"class":78},[68,162734,274],{"class":74},[68,162736,79],{"class":78},[68,162738,9292],{"class":138},[68,162740,142],{"class":78},[20,162742,180],{},[59,162744,162746],{"className":61,"code":162745,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162747,162748,162778],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162749,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162751,21775],{"class":78},[68,162753,203],{"class":114},[68,162755,12913],{"class":118},[68,162757,203],{"class":114},[68,162759,472],{"class":78},[68,162761,19932],{"class":160},[68,162763,9263],{"class":78},[68,162765,9266],{"class":78},[68,162767,203],{"class":114},[68,162769,35972],{"class":118},[68,162771,203],{"class":114},[68,162773,472],{"class":78},[68,162775,13539],{"class":160},[68,162777,9279],{"class":78},[68,162779,162780],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162781,38331],{"class":78},[20,162783,162784],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162786,162787,162788,236],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[49,162789,5181],{"href":5626},[93,162791,41079],{"id":41078},[20,162793,162794,162795,236],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162796,64336],{},[1470,162798,162800],{"id":162799},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[59,162802,162804],{"className":61,"code":162803,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162805,162806,162838,162858,162862,162886],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162807,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162809,5040],{"class":106},[68,162811,111],{"class":110},[68,162813,725],{"class":78},[68,162815,344],{"class":114},[68,162817,12913],{"class":118},[68,162819,344],{"class":114},[68,162821,472],{"class":78},[68,162823,115],{"class":114},[68,162825,35972],{"class":118},[68,162827,344],{"class":114},[68,162829,472],{"class":78},[68,162831,115],{"class":114},[68,162833,35981],{"class":118},[68,162835,344],{"class":114},[68,162837,730],{"class":78},[68,162839,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162841,5108],{"class":106},[68,162843,111],{"class":110},[68,162845,725],{"class":78},[68,162847,13534],{"class":160},[68,162849,472],{"class":78},[68,162851,13539],{"class":160},[68,162853,472],{"class":78},[68,162855,28955],{"class":160},[68,162857,730],{"class":78},[68,162859,162860],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162861,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162863,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162865,5998],{"class":1098},[68,162867,36023],{"class":106},[68,162869,472],{"class":78},[68,162871,5150],{"class":106},[68,162873,3927],{"class":1098},[68,162875,161422],{"class":128},[68,162877,79],{"class":78},[68,162879,5083],{"class":138},[68,162881,472],{"class":78},[68,162883,5155],{"class":138},[68,162885,1113],{"class":78},[68,162887,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,162889,1118],{"class":128},[68,162891,79],{"class":78},[68,162893,22329],{"class":193},[68,162895,344],{"class":118},[68,162897,9308],{"class":160},[68,162899,139],{"class":138},[68,162901,22338],{"class":160},[68,162903,22341],{"class":118},[68,162905,9308],{"class":160},[68,162907,85533],{"class":138},[68,162909,22338],{"class":160},[68,162911,344],{"class":118},[68,162913,85],{"class":78},[1470,162915,162917],{"id":162916},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[59,162919,162921],{"className":61,"code":162920,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162922,162923,162955,162979,162983,163005],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,162924,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,162926,17274],{"class":106},[68,162928,111],{"class":110},[68,162930,725],{"class":78},[68,162932,344],{"class":114},[68,162934,12681],{"class":118},[68,162936,344],{"class":114},[68,162938,472],{"class":78},[68,162940,115],{"class":114},[68,162942,139],{"class":118},[68,162944,344],{"class":114},[68,162946,472],{"class":78},[68,162948,115],{"class":114},[68,162950,15853],{"class":118},[68,162952,344],{"class":114},[68,162954,730],{"class":78},[68,162956,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,162958,3869],{"class":106},[68,162960,111],{"class":110},[68,162962,725],{"class":78},[68,162964,46612],{"class":160},[68,162966,472],{"class":78},[68,162968,115],{"class":114},[68,162970,12913],{"class":118},[68,162972,344],{"class":114},[68,162974,472],{"class":78},[68,162976,3960],{"class":526},[68,162978,730],{"class":78},[68,162980,162981],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,162982,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,162984,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,162986,9197],{"class":106},[68,162988,111],{"class":110},[68,162990,1183],{"class":74},[68,162992,79],{"class":78},[68,162994,64406],{"class":128},[68,162996,79],{"class":78},[68,162998,16956],{"class":138},[68,163000,472],{"class":78},[68,163002,3930],{"class":138},[68,163004,142],{"class":78},[68,163006,163007,163009,163011,163013],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,163008,129],{"class":128},[68,163010,79],{"class":78},[68,163012,9234],{"class":138},[68,163014,85],{"class":78},[1470,163016,163018],{"id":163017},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[59,163020,163022],{"className":61,"code":163021,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163023,163024,163044,163064,163068,163093],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163025,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163027,80671],{"class":106},[68,163029,111],{"class":110},[68,163031,725],{"class":78},[68,163033,438],{"class":160},[68,163035,472],{"class":78},[68,163037,7828],{"class":160},[68,163039,472],{"class":78},[68,163041,7833],{"class":160},[68,163043,730],{"class":78},[68,163045,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163047,80692],{"class":106},[68,163049,111],{"class":110},[68,163051,725],{"class":78},[68,163053,438],{"class":160},[68,163055,472],{"class":78},[68,163057,9335],{"class":160},[68,163059,472],{"class":78},[68,163061,7833],{"class":160},[68,163063,730],{"class":78},[68,163065,163066],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163067,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163069,163070,163072,163074,163076,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,163071,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163073,56904],{"class":106},[68,163075,472],{"class":78},[68,163077,163078],{"class":106}," b ",[68,163080,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163082,161422],{"class":128},[68,163084,79],{"class":78},[68,163086,111762],{"class":138},[68,163088,472],{"class":78},[68,163090,80735],{"class":138},[68,163092,1113],{"class":78},[68,163094,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,163096,1118],{"class":128},[68,163098,79],{"class":78},[68,163100,2618],{"class":138},[68,163102,4733],{"class":110},[68,163104,2623],{"class":138},[68,163106,85],{"class":78},[20,163108,180],{},[59,163110,163112],{"className":61,"code":163111,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163113,163114,163118,163122],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163115,163116],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163117,1070],{"class":526},[68,163119,163120],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163121,4084],{"class":526},[68,163123,163124],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163125,1070],{"class":526},[1470,163127,163129],{"id":163128},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[59,163131,163133],{"className":61,"code":163132,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163134,163135,163170,163193,163197,163224],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163136,163137,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163157,163159,163161,163163,163166,163168],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163138,163139],{"class":106},"products ",[68,163141,111],{"class":110},[68,163143,725],{"class":78},[68,163145,344],{"class":114},[68,163147,25176],{"class":118},[68,163149,344],{"class":114},[68,163151,472],{"class":78},[68,163153,115],{"class":114},[68,163155,163156],{"class":118},"Pen",[68,163158,344],{"class":114},[68,163160,472],{"class":78},[68,163162,115],{"class":114},[68,163164,163165],{"class":118},"Bag",[68,163167,344],{"class":114},[68,163169,730],{"class":78},[68,163171,163172,163174,163176,163178,163181,163183,163186,163188,163191],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163173,83061],{"class":106},[68,163175,111],{"class":110},[68,163177,725],{"class":78},[68,163179,163180],{"class":160},"12.5",[68,163182,472],{"class":78},[68,163184,163185],{"class":160}," 1.2",[68,163187,472],{"class":78},[68,163189,163190],{"class":160}," 25.0",[68,163192,730],{"class":78},[68,163194,163195],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163196,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163208,163210,163212,163214,163217,163219,163222],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,163200,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163202,25237],{"class":106},[68,163204,472],{"class":78},[68,163206,163207],{"class":106}," price ",[68,163209,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163211,161422],{"class":128},[68,163213,79],{"class":78},[68,163215,163216],{"class":138},"products",[68,163218,472],{"class":78},[68,163220,163221],{"class":138}," prices",[68,163223,1113],{"class":78},[68,163225,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,163227,1118],{"class":128},[68,163229,79],{"class":78},[68,163231,22329],{"class":193},[68,163233,344],{"class":118},[68,163235,9308],{"class":160},[68,163237,27043],{"class":138},[68,163239,22338],{"class":160},[68,163241,163242],{"class":118}," costs $",[68,163244,9308],{"class":160},[68,163246,25185],{"class":138},[68,163248,22338],{"class":160},[68,163250,344],{"class":118},[68,163252,85],{"class":78},[20,163254,36634,163255,236],{},[49,163256,163258],{"href":163257},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[93,163260,163262,163263],{"id":163261},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163264,64336],{},[1470,163266,1770,163268,163270],{"id":163267},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163269,64336],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163272,163273,163275],{},[15,163274,64336],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163277,163278],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[59,163280,163282],{"className":61,"code":163281,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163283,163284],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163287,129],{"class":128},[68,163289,79],{"class":78},[68,163291,11191],{"class":128},[68,163293,79],{"class":78},[68,163295,111762],{"class":138},[68,163297,9263],{"class":78},[68,163299,38420],{"class":128},[68,163301,79],{"class":78},[68,163303,80958],{"class":138},[68,163305,142],{"class":78},[1470,163307,163309],{"id":163308},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163311,68851],{},[59,163313,163315],{"className":61,"code":163314,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163316,163317,163353,163357,163370,163380,163384,163396],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163318,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163320,9245],{"class":106},[68,163322,111],{"class":110},[68,163324,161422],{"class":128},[68,163326,466],{"class":78},[68,163328,469],{"class":160},[68,163330,472],{"class":78},[68,163332,475],{"class":160},[68,163334,18095],{"class":78},[68,163336,725],{"class":78},[68,163338,344],{"class":114},[68,163340,49],{"class":118},[68,163342,344],{"class":114},[68,163344,472],{"class":78},[68,163346,115],{"class":114},[68,163348,4806],{"class":118},[68,163350,344],{"class":114},[68,163352,3933],{"class":78},[68,163354,163355],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163356,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365,163368],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163360,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163362,6001],{"class":106},[68,163364,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163366,163367],{"class":106}," pairs",[68,163369,1648],{"class":78},[68,163371,163372,163374,163376,163378],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,163373,1118],{"class":128},[68,163375,79],{"class":78},[68,163377,23346],{"class":138},[68,163379,85],{"class":78},[68,163381,163382],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,163383,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163385,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394],{"class":70,"line":515},[68,163387,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163389,6001],{"class":106},[68,163391,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163393,163367],{"class":106},[68,163395,1648],{"class":78},[68,163397,163398,163400,163402,163404],{"class":70,"line":718},[68,163399,1118],{"class":128},[68,163401,79],{"class":78},[68,163403,23346],{"class":138},[68,163405,85],{"class":78},[20,163407,163408],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1470,163410,163412],{"id":163411},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163414,163415],{},"This is correct:",[59,163417,163419],{"className":61,"code":163418,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163420,163421,163445,163461,163465,163489],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163422,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441,163443],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163424,5040],{"class":106},[68,163426,111],{"class":110},[68,163428,725],{"class":78},[68,163430,344],{"class":114},[68,163432,12913],{"class":118},[68,163434,344],{"class":114},[68,163436,472],{"class":78},[68,163438,115],{"class":114},[68,163440,35972],{"class":118},[68,163442,344],{"class":114},[68,163444,730],{"class":78},[68,163446,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163448,5108],{"class":106},[68,163450,111],{"class":110},[68,163452,725],{"class":78},[68,163454,13534],{"class":160},[68,163456,472],{"class":78},[68,163458,13539],{"class":160},[68,163460,730],{"class":78},[68,163462,163463],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163464,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163466,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,163468,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163470,36023],{"class":106},[68,163472,472],{"class":78},[68,163474,5150],{"class":106},[68,163476,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163478,161422],{"class":128},[68,163480,79],{"class":78},[68,163482,5083],{"class":138},[68,163484,472],{"class":78},[68,163486,5155],{"class":138},[68,163488,1113],{"class":78},[68,163490,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501],{"class":70,"line":164},[68,163492,1118],{"class":128},[68,163494,79],{"class":78},[68,163496,139],{"class":138},[68,163498,472],{"class":78},[68,163500,130869],{"class":138},[68,163502,85],{"class":78},[20,163504,163505],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[59,163507,163509],{"className":61,"code":163508,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163510,163511,163531],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163512,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163514,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163516,6001],{"class":106},[68,163518,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163520,161422],{"class":128},[68,163522,79],{"class":78},[68,163524,5083],{"class":138},[68,163526,472],{"class":78},[68,163528,5155],{"class":138},[68,163530,1113],{"class":78},[68,163532,163533,163535,163537,163539],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163534,1118],{"class":128},[68,163536,79],{"class":78},[68,163538,23346],{"class":138},[68,163540,85],{"class":78},[20,163542,180],{},[59,163544,163546],{"className":61,"code":163545,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163547,163548,163564],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163549,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560,163562],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163551,79],{"class":78},[68,163553,203],{"class":114},[68,163555,12913],{"class":118},[68,163557,203],{"class":114},[68,163559,472],{"class":78},[68,163561,19932],{"class":160},[68,163563,85],{"class":78},[68,163565,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163567,79],{"class":78},[68,163569,203],{"class":114},[68,163571,35972],{"class":118},[68,163573,203],{"class":114},[68,163575,472],{"class":78},[68,163577,13539],{"class":160},[68,163579,85],{"class":78},[20,163581,163582],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1470,163584,633,163586,163588,163589],{"id":163585},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163587,64336],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163590,35780],{},[20,163592,224,163593,163595],{},[15,163594,64336],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163597,224,163598,163600],{},[15,163599,35780],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[59,163602,163603],{"className":61,"code":35949,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},[15,163604,163605,163637,163641,163661],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,163606,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,163608,5040],{"class":106},[68,163610,111],{"class":110},[68,163612,725],{"class":78},[68,163614,344],{"class":114},[68,163616,12913],{"class":118},[68,163618,344],{"class":114},[68,163620,472],{"class":78},[68,163622,115],{"class":114},[68,163624,35972],{"class":118},[68,163626,344],{"class":114},[68,163628,472],{"class":78},[68,163630,115],{"class":114},[68,163632,35981],{"class":118},[68,163634,344],{"class":114},[68,163636,730],{"class":78},[68,163638,163639],{"class":70,"line":125},[68,163640,149],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":148},[68,163642,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659],{"class":70,"line":145},[68,163644,5998],{"class":1098},[68,163646,35852],{"class":106},[68,163648,472],{"class":78},[68,163650,36000],{"class":106},[68,163652,3927],{"class":1098},[68,163654,35862],{"class":128},[68,163656,79],{"class":78},[68,163658,5083],{"class":138},[68,163660,1113],{"class":78},[68,163662,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673],{"class":70,"line":152},[68,163664,1118],{"class":128},[68,163666,79],{"class":78},[68,163668,35877],{"class":138},[68,163670,472],{"class":78},[68,163672,36023],{"class":138},[68,163674,85],{"class":78},[20,163676,163677,163678,236],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[49,163679,13,163680,1151],{"href":92036},[15,163681,35780],{},[93,163683,1874],{"id":1873},[1470,163685,1878,163687,1881],{"id":163686},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163688,64336],{},[20,163690,163691],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1470,163693,12736,163695,163697],{"id":163694},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163696,64336],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163699,163700],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1470,163702,163704,163705,1906],{"id":163703},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163706,64336],{},[20,163708,163709,163710,236],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163711,162317],{},[1470,163713,163715,163716,1906],{"id":163714},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163717,64336],{},[20,163719,128234,163720,163722],{},[15,163721,162470],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1470,163724,163726],{"id":163725},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163728,163729],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[93,163731,1952],{"id":1951},[33,163733,163734,163739,163745,163749,163753],{},[36,163735,163736],{},[49,163737,163738],{"href":163257},"How to use zip in Python",[36,163740,163741],{},[49,163742,13,163743,1151],{"href":92036},[15,163744,35780],{},[36,163746,163747],{},[49,163748,5258],{"href":5626},[36,163750,163751],{},[49,163752,69703],{"href":69626},[36,163754,163755],{},[49,163756,32294],{"href":31120},[1995,163758,163759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":163761},[163762,163763,163765,163766,163767,163768,163776,163782,163791,163802],{"id":2074,"depth":125,"text":2075},{"id":161481,"depth":125,"text":163764},"What zip() does",{"id":302,"depth":125,"text":303},{"id":161874,"depth":125,"text":161875},{"id":162051,"depth":125,"text":162052},{"id":162303,"depth":125,"text":163769,"children":163770},"Converting zip() output",[163771,163773,163775],{"id":162314,"depth":145,"text":163772},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162467,"depth":145,"text":163774},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162637,"depth":145,"text":162638},{"id":41078,"depth":125,"text":41079,"children":163777},[163778,163779,163780,163781],{"id":162799,"depth":145,"text":162800},{"id":162916,"depth":145,"text":162917},{"id":163017,"depth":145,"text":163018},{"id":163128,"depth":145,"text":163129},{"id":163261,"depth":125,"text":163783,"children":163784},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163785,163787,163788,163789],{"id":163267,"depth":145,"text":163786},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163308,"depth":145,"text":163309},{"id":163411,"depth":145,"text":163412},{"id":163585,"depth":145,"text":163790},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1873,"depth":125,"text":1874,"children":163792},[163793,163795,163797,163799,163801],{"id":163686,"depth":145,"text":163794},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163694,"depth":145,"text":163796},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163703,"depth":145,"text":163798},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163714,"depth":145,"text":163800},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163725,"depth":145,"text":163726},{"id":1951,"depth":125,"text":1952},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161323,"description":163803},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944902267]