[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164458},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2693},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2686,"extension":2687,"meta":2688,"navigation":130,"path":2689,"seo":2690,"stem":2691,"__hash__":2692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2643},"minimark",[9,19,25,35,40,187,190,219,225,232,250,253,257,260,287,290,293,390,392,449,452,576,578,652,656,659,778,780,806,809,831,839,843,848,851,955,957,974,984,987,1078,1080,1093,1098,1105,1111,1118,1121,1217,1219,1268,1274,1277,1389,1391,1446,1453,1457,1460,1561,1563,1603,1606,1613,1617,1622,1626,1740,1744,1848,1852,1951,1953,1972,1976,2104,2111,2117,2124,2129,2132,2160,2164,2167,2267,2270,2274,2277,2364,2367,2402,2404,2441,2444,2454,2459,2464,2543,2552,2556,2563,2566,2573,2576,2583,2588,2594,2600,2604,2607,2611,2639],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-zip-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"zip()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,26,27,28,30,31,34],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,29,17],{}," inside a ",[15,32,33],{},"for"," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"quick-example","Quick example",[41,42,47],"pre",{"className":43,"code":44,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n","python","",[15,48,49,99,125,132,168],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51,54,58,62,66,70,74,76,79,82,85,87,89,91,94,96],"span",{"class":52,"line":53},"line",1,[50,55,57],{"class":56},"su5hD","names ",[50,59,61],{"class":60},"smGrS","=",[50,63,65],{"class":64},"sP7_E"," [",[50,67,69],{"class":68},"sjJ54","\"",[50,71,73],{"class":72},"s_sjI","Ana",[50,75,69],{"class":68},[50,77,78],{"class":64},",",[50,80,81],{"class":68}," \"",[50,83,84],{"class":72},"Ben",[50,86,69],{"class":68},[50,88,78],{"class":64},[50,90,81],{"class":68},[50,92,93],{"class":72},"Cara",[50,95,69],{"class":68},[50,97,98],{"class":64},"]\n",[50,100,102,105,107,109,113,115,118,120,123],{"class":52,"line":101},2,[50,103,104],{"class":56},"scores ",[50,106,61],{"class":60},[50,108,65],{"class":64},[50,110,112],{"class":111},"srdBf","90",[50,114,78],{"class":64},[50,116,117],{"class":111}," 85",[50,119,78],{"class":64},[50,121,122],{"class":111}," 88",[50,124,98],{"class":64},[50,126,128],{"class":52,"line":127},3,[50,129,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},true,"\n",[50,133,135,138,141,143,146,149,153,156,160,162,165],{"class":52,"line":134},4,[50,136,33],{"class":137},"sVHd0",[50,139,140],{"class":56}," name",[50,142,78],{"class":64},[50,144,145],{"class":56}," score ",[50,147,148],{"class":137},"in",[50,150,152],{"class":151},"sptTA"," zip",[50,154,155],{"class":64},"(",[50,157,159],{"class":158},"slqww","names",[50,161,78],{"class":64},[50,163,164],{"class":158}," scores",[50,166,167],{"class":64},"):\n",[50,169,171,174,176,179,181,184],{"class":52,"line":170},5,[50,172,173],{"class":151},"    print",[50,175,155],{"class":64},[50,177,178],{"class":158},"name",[50,180,78],{"class":64},[50,182,183],{"class":158}," score",[50,185,186],{"class":64},")\n",[20,188,189],{},"Output:",[41,191,193],{"className":43,"code":192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,194,195,203,211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,196,197,200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,198,199],{"class":56},"Ana ",[50,201,202],{"class":111},"90\n",[50,204,205,208],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,206,207],{"class":56},"Ben ",[50,209,210],{"class":111},"85\n",[50,212,213,216],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,214,215],{"class":56},"Cara ",[50,217,218],{"class":111},"88\n",[20,220,221,222,224],{},"Use ",[15,223,17],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[36,226,228,229,231],{"id":227},"what-zip-does","What ",[15,230,17],{}," does",[233,234,235,241,244,247],"ul",{},[236,237,238,240],"li",{},[15,239,17],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[236,242,243],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[236,245,246],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[236,248,249],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,251,252],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[36,254,256],{"id":255},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,258,259],{},"The basic syntax is:",[41,261,263],{"className":43,"code":262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,264,265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,266,267,270,272,275,277,280,282,285],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,268,269],{"class":151},"zip",[50,271,155],{"class":64},[50,273,274],{"class":158},"iterable1",[50,276,78],{"class":64},[50,278,279],{"class":158}," iterable2",[50,281,78],{"class":64},[50,283,284],{"class":151}," ...",[50,286,186],{"class":64},[20,288,289],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,291,292],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[41,294,296],{"className":43,"code":295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,297,298,322,358,362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,299,300,303,305,307,310,312,315,317,320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,301,302],{"class":56},"numbers ",[50,304,61],{"class":60},[50,306,65],{"class":64},[50,308,309],{"class":111},"1",[50,311,78],{"class":64},[50,313,314],{"class":111}," 2",[50,316,78],{"class":64},[50,318,319],{"class":111}," 3",[50,321,98],{"class":64},[50,323,324,327,329,331,333,336,338,340,342,345,347,349,351,354,356],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,325,326],{"class":56},"letters ",[50,328,61],{"class":60},[50,330,65],{"class":64},[50,332,69],{"class":68},[50,334,335],{"class":72},"a",[50,337,69],{"class":68},[50,339,78],{"class":64},[50,341,81],{"class":68},[50,343,344],{"class":72},"b",[50,346,69],{"class":68},[50,348,78],{"class":64},[50,350,81],{"class":68},[50,352,353],{"class":72},"c",[50,355,69],{"class":68},[50,357,98],{"class":64},[50,359,360],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,361,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,363,364,367,369,373,375,377,379,382,384,387],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,365,366],{"class":151},"print",[50,368,155],{"class":64},[50,370,372],{"class":371},"sZMiF","list",[50,374,155],{"class":64},[50,376,269],{"class":151},[50,378,155],{"class":64},[50,380,381],{"class":158},"numbers",[50,383,78],{"class":64},[50,385,386],{"class":158}," letters",[50,388,389],{"class":64},")))\n",[20,391,189],{},[41,393,395],{"className":43,"code":394,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,396,397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,398,399,402,404,406,409,411,414,417,420,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,438,440,442,444,446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,400,401],{"class":64},"[(",[50,403,309],{"class":111},[50,405,78],{"class":64},[50,407,408],{"class":68}," '",[50,410,335],{"class":72},[50,412,413],{"class":68},"'",[50,415,416],{"class":64},"),",[50,418,419],{"class":64}," (",[50,421,422],{"class":111},"2",[50,424,78],{"class":64},[50,426,408],{"class":68},[50,428,344],{"class":72},[50,430,413],{"class":68},[50,432,416],{"class":64},[50,434,419],{"class":64},[50,436,437],{"class":111},"3",[50,439,78],{"class":64},[50,441,408],{"class":68},[50,443,353],{"class":72},[50,445,413],{"class":68},[50,447,448],{"class":64},")]\n",[20,450,451],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[41,453,455],{"className":43,"code":454,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,456,457,489,509,545,549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,458,459,461,463,465,467,469,471,473,475,477,479,481,483,485,487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,460,57],{"class":56},[50,462,61],{"class":60},[50,464,65],{"class":64},[50,466,69],{"class":68},[50,468,73],{"class":72},[50,470,69],{"class":68},[50,472,78],{"class":64},[50,474,81],{"class":68},[50,476,84],{"class":72},[50,478,69],{"class":68},[50,480,78],{"class":64},[50,482,81],{"class":68},[50,484,93],{"class":72},[50,486,69],{"class":68},[50,488,98],{"class":64},[50,490,491,493,495,497,499,501,503,505,507],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,492,104],{"class":56},[50,494,61],{"class":60},[50,496,65],{"class":64},[50,498,112],{"class":111},[50,500,78],{"class":64},[50,502,117],{"class":111},[50,504,78],{"class":64},[50,506,122],{"class":111},[50,508,98],{"class":64},[50,510,511,514,516,518,520,523,525,527,529,532,534,536,538,541,543],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,512,513],{"class":56},"grades ",[50,515,61],{"class":60},[50,517,65],{"class":64},[50,519,69],{"class":68},[50,521,522],{"class":72},"A",[50,524,69],{"class":68},[50,526,78],{"class":64},[50,528,81],{"class":68},[50,530,531],{"class":72},"B",[50,533,69],{"class":68},[50,535,78],{"class":64},[50,537,81],{"class":68},[50,539,540],{"class":72},"B+",[50,542,69],{"class":68},[50,544,98],{"class":64},[50,546,547],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,548,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,550,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,571,574],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,552,366],{"class":151},[50,554,155],{"class":64},[50,556,372],{"class":371},[50,558,155],{"class":64},[50,560,269],{"class":151},[50,562,155],{"class":64},[50,564,159],{"class":158},[50,566,78],{"class":64},[50,568,164],{"class":158},[50,570,78],{"class":64},[50,572,573],{"class":158}," grades",[50,575,389],{"class":64},[20,577,189],{},[41,579,581],{"className":43,"code":580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,582,583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,584,585,587,589,591,593,595,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636,638,640,642,644,646,648,650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,586,401],{"class":64},[50,588,413],{"class":68},[50,590,73],{"class":72},[50,592,413],{"class":68},[50,594,78],{"class":64},[50,596,597],{"class":111}," 90",[50,599,78],{"class":64},[50,601,408],{"class":68},[50,603,522],{"class":72},[50,605,413],{"class":68},[50,607,416],{"class":64},[50,609,419],{"class":64},[50,611,413],{"class":68},[50,613,84],{"class":72},[50,615,413],{"class":68},[50,617,78],{"class":64},[50,619,117],{"class":111},[50,621,78],{"class":64},[50,623,408],{"class":68},[50,625,531],{"class":72},[50,627,413],{"class":68},[50,629,416],{"class":64},[50,631,419],{"class":64},[50,633,413],{"class":68},[50,635,93],{"class":72},[50,637,413],{"class":68},[50,639,78],{"class":64},[50,641,122],{"class":111},[50,643,78],{"class":64},[50,645,408],{"class":68},[50,647,540],{"class":72},[50,649,413],{"class":68},[50,651,448],{"class":64},[36,653,655],{"id":654},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,657,658],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[41,660,662],{"className":43,"code":661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,663,664,696,716,720,744],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,665,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,667,57],{"class":56},[50,669,61],{"class":60},[50,671,65],{"class":64},[50,673,69],{"class":68},[50,675,73],{"class":72},[50,677,69],{"class":68},[50,679,78],{"class":64},[50,681,81],{"class":68},[50,683,84],{"class":72},[50,685,69],{"class":68},[50,687,78],{"class":64},[50,689,81],{"class":68},[50,691,93],{"class":72},[50,693,69],{"class":68},[50,695,98],{"class":64},[50,697,698,700,702,704,706,708,710,712,714],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,699,104],{"class":56},[50,701,61],{"class":60},[50,703,65],{"class":64},[50,705,112],{"class":111},[50,707,78],{"class":64},[50,709,117],{"class":111},[50,711,78],{"class":64},[50,713,122],{"class":111},[50,715,98],{"class":64},[50,717,718],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,719,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,721,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,740,742],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,723,33],{"class":137},[50,725,140],{"class":56},[50,727,78],{"class":64},[50,729,145],{"class":56},[50,731,148],{"class":137},[50,733,152],{"class":151},[50,735,155],{"class":64},[50,737,159],{"class":158},[50,739,78],{"class":64},[50,741,164],{"class":158},[50,743,167],{"class":64},[50,745,746,748,750,754,756,759,761,764,767,769,772,774,776],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,747,173],{"class":151},[50,749,155],{"class":64},[50,751,753],{"class":752},"sbsja","f",[50,755,69],{"class":72},[50,757,758],{"class":111},"{",[50,760,178],{"class":158},[50,762,763],{"class":111},"}",[50,765,766],{"class":72}," scored ",[50,768,758],{"class":111},[50,770,771],{"class":158},"score",[50,773,763],{"class":111},[50,775,69],{"class":72},[50,777,186],{"class":64},[20,779,189],{},[41,781,783],{"className":43,"code":782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,784,785,792,799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,786,787,790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,788,789],{"class":56},"Ana scored ",[50,791,202],{"class":111},[50,793,794,797],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,795,796],{"class":56},"Ben scored ",[50,798,210],{"class":111},[50,800,801,804],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,802,803],{"class":56},"Cara scored ",[50,805,218],{"class":111},[20,807,808],{},"Here is what happens:",[233,810,811,820,823],{},[236,812,813,816,817],{},[15,814,815],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,818,819],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[236,821,822],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[236,824,825,827,828,830],{},[15,826,178],{}," and ",[15,829,771],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,832,833,834,838],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[335,835,837],{"href":836},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",".",[36,840,842],{"id":841},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,844,845,847],{},[15,846,17],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,849,850],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[41,852,854],{"className":43,"code":853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,855,856,897,913,917,941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,857,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,893,895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,859,57],{"class":56},[50,861,61],{"class":60},[50,863,65],{"class":64},[50,865,69],{"class":68},[50,867,73],{"class":72},[50,869,69],{"class":68},[50,871,78],{"class":64},[50,873,81],{"class":68},[50,875,84],{"class":72},[50,877,69],{"class":68},[50,879,78],{"class":64},[50,881,81],{"class":68},[50,883,93],{"class":72},[50,885,69],{"class":68},[50,887,78],{"class":64},[50,889,81],{"class":68},[50,891,892],{"class":72},"Dan",[50,894,69],{"class":68},[50,896,98],{"class":64},[50,898,899,901,903,905,907,909,911],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,900,104],{"class":56},[50,902,61],{"class":60},[50,904,65],{"class":64},[50,906,112],{"class":111},[50,908,78],{"class":64},[50,910,117],{"class":111},[50,912,98],{"class":64},[50,914,915],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,916,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,918,919,921,923,925,927,929,931,933,935,937,939],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,920,33],{"class":137},[50,922,140],{"class":56},[50,924,78],{"class":64},[50,926,145],{"class":56},[50,928,148],{"class":137},[50,930,152],{"class":151},[50,932,155],{"class":64},[50,934,159],{"class":158},[50,936,78],{"class":64},[50,938,164],{"class":158},[50,940,167],{"class":64},[50,942,943,945,947,949,951,953],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,944,173],{"class":151},[50,946,155],{"class":64},[50,948,178],{"class":158},[50,950,78],{"class":64},[50,952,183],{"class":158},[50,954,186],{"class":64},[20,956,189],{},[41,958,960],{"className":43,"code":959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,961,962,968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,963,964,966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,965,199],{"class":56},[50,967,202],{"class":111},[50,969,970,972],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,971,207],{"class":56},[50,973,210],{"class":111},[20,975,976,977,827,980,983],{},"Notice that ",[15,978,979],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,981,982],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,985,986],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[41,988,990],{"className":43,"code":989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,991,992,1032,1048,1052],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,993,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,995,57],{"class":56},[50,997,61],{"class":60},[50,999,65],{"class":64},[50,1001,69],{"class":68},[50,1003,73],{"class":72},[50,1005,69],{"class":68},[50,1007,78],{"class":64},[50,1009,81],{"class":68},[50,1011,84],{"class":72},[50,1013,69],{"class":68},[50,1015,78],{"class":64},[50,1017,81],{"class":68},[50,1019,93],{"class":72},[50,1021,69],{"class":68},[50,1023,78],{"class":64},[50,1025,81],{"class":68},[50,1027,892],{"class":72},[50,1029,69],{"class":68},[50,1031,98],{"class":64},[50,1033,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1035,104],{"class":56},[50,1037,61],{"class":60},[50,1039,65],{"class":64},[50,1041,112],{"class":111},[50,1043,78],{"class":64},[50,1045,117],{"class":111},[50,1047,98],{"class":64},[50,1049,1050],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1051,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1053,1054,1056,1058,1061,1063,1065,1067,1070,1072,1075],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1055,366],{"class":151},[50,1057,155],{"class":64},[50,1059,1060],{"class":151},"len",[50,1062,155],{"class":64},[50,1064,159],{"class":158},[50,1066,416],{"class":64},[50,1068,1069],{"class":151}," len",[50,1071,155],{"class":64},[50,1073,1074],{"class":158},"scores",[50,1076,1077],{"class":64},"))\n",[20,1079,189],{},[41,1081,1083],{"className":43,"code":1082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4 2\n",[15,1084,1085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1086,1087,1090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1088,1089],{"class":111},"4",[50,1091,1092],{"class":111}," 2\n",[20,1094,1095,1096,838],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,1097,17],{},[36,1099,1101,1102,1104],{"id":1100},"converting-zip-output","Converting ",[15,1103,17],{}," output",[20,1106,1107,1108,1110],{},"Because ",[15,1109,17],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1112,1113,221,1115],"h3",{"id":1114},"use-listzip",[15,1116,1117],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,1119,1120],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[41,1122,1124],{"className":43,"code":1123,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,1125,1126,1158,1178,1182,1206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1129,57],{"class":56},[50,1131,61],{"class":60},[50,1133,65],{"class":64},[50,1135,69],{"class":68},[50,1137,73],{"class":72},[50,1139,69],{"class":68},[50,1141,78],{"class":64},[50,1143,81],{"class":68},[50,1145,84],{"class":72},[50,1147,69],{"class":68},[50,1149,78],{"class":64},[50,1151,81],{"class":68},[50,1153,93],{"class":72},[50,1155,69],{"class":68},[50,1157,98],{"class":64},[50,1159,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1161,104],{"class":56},[50,1163,61],{"class":60},[50,1165,65],{"class":64},[50,1167,112],{"class":111},[50,1169,78],{"class":64},[50,1171,117],{"class":111},[50,1173,78],{"class":64},[50,1175,122],{"class":111},[50,1177,98],{"class":64},[50,1179,1180],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1181,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1183,1184,1187,1189,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1185,1186],{"class":56},"pairs ",[50,1188,61],{"class":60},[50,1190,1191],{"class":371}," list",[50,1193,155],{"class":64},[50,1195,269],{"class":151},[50,1197,155],{"class":64},[50,1199,159],{"class":158},[50,1201,78],{"class":64},[50,1203,164],{"class":158},[50,1205,1077],{"class":64},[50,1207,1208,1210,1212,1215],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1209,366],{"class":151},[50,1211,155],{"class":64},[50,1213,1214],{"class":158},"pairs",[50,1216,186],{"class":64},[20,1218,189],{},[41,1220,1222],{"className":43,"code":1221,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,1223,1224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1225,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1227,401],{"class":64},[50,1229,413],{"class":68},[50,1231,73],{"class":72},[50,1233,413],{"class":68},[50,1235,78],{"class":64},[50,1237,597],{"class":111},[50,1239,416],{"class":64},[50,1241,419],{"class":64},[50,1243,413],{"class":68},[50,1245,84],{"class":72},[50,1247,413],{"class":68},[50,1249,78],{"class":64},[50,1251,117],{"class":111},[50,1253,416],{"class":64},[50,1255,419],{"class":64},[50,1257,413],{"class":68},[50,1259,93],{"class":72},[50,1261,413],{"class":68},[50,1263,78],{"class":64},[50,1265,122],{"class":111},[50,1267,448],{"class":64},[1112,1269,221,1271],{"id":1270},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,1272,1273],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,1275,1276],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[41,1278,1280],{"className":43,"code":1279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,1281,1282,1317,1348,1352,1378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1283,1284,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1304,1306,1308,1310,1313,1315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1285,1286],{"class":56},"keys ",[50,1288,61],{"class":60},[50,1290,65],{"class":64},[50,1292,69],{"class":68},[50,1294,178],{"class":72},[50,1296,69],{"class":68},[50,1298,78],{"class":64},[50,1300,81],{"class":68},[50,1302,1303],{"class":72},"age",[50,1305,69],{"class":68},[50,1307,78],{"class":64},[50,1309,81],{"class":68},[50,1311,1312],{"class":72},"city",[50,1314,69],{"class":68},[50,1316,98],{"class":64},[50,1318,1319,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1337,1339,1341,1344,1346],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1320,1321],{"class":56},"values ",[50,1323,61],{"class":60},[50,1325,65],{"class":64},[50,1327,69],{"class":68},[50,1329,73],{"class":72},[50,1331,69],{"class":68},[50,1333,78],{"class":64},[50,1335,1336],{"class":111}," 25",[50,1338,78],{"class":64},[50,1340,81],{"class":68},[50,1342,1343],{"class":72},"Lima",[50,1345,69],{"class":68},[50,1347,98],{"class":64},[50,1349,1350],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1351,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1353,1354,1357,1359,1362,1364,1366,1368,1371,1373,1376],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1355,1356],{"class":56},"person ",[50,1358,61],{"class":60},[50,1360,1361],{"class":371}," dict",[50,1363,155],{"class":64},[50,1365,269],{"class":151},[50,1367,155],{"class":64},[50,1369,1370],{"class":158},"keys",[50,1372,78],{"class":64},[50,1374,1375],{"class":158}," values",[50,1377,1077],{"class":64},[50,1379,1380,1382,1384,1387],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1381,366],{"class":151},[50,1383,155],{"class":64},[50,1385,1386],{"class":158},"person",[50,1388,186],{"class":64},[20,1390,189],{},[41,1392,1394],{"className":43,"code":1393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,1395,1396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1397,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1399,758],{"class":64},[50,1401,413],{"class":68},[50,1403,178],{"class":72},[50,1405,413],{"class":68},[50,1407,1408],{"class":64},":",[50,1410,408],{"class":68},[50,1412,73],{"class":72},[50,1414,413],{"class":68},[50,1416,78],{"class":64},[50,1418,408],{"class":68},[50,1420,1303],{"class":72},[50,1422,413],{"class":68},[50,1424,1408],{"class":64},[50,1426,1336],{"class":111},[50,1428,78],{"class":64},[50,1430,408],{"class":68},[50,1432,1312],{"class":72},[50,1434,413],{"class":68},[50,1436,1408],{"class":64},[50,1438,408],{"class":68},[50,1440,1343],{"class":72},[50,1442,413],{"class":68},[50,1444,1445],{"class":64},"}\n",[20,1447,1448,1449,838],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[335,1450,1452],{"href":1451},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[1112,1454,1456],{"id":1455},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,1458,1459],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[41,1461,1463],{"className":43,"code":1462,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,1464,1465,1489,1505,1509,1527,1531,1546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1466,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1468,57],{"class":56},[50,1470,61],{"class":60},[50,1472,65],{"class":64},[50,1474,69],{"class":68},[50,1476,73],{"class":72},[50,1478,69],{"class":68},[50,1480,78],{"class":64},[50,1482,81],{"class":68},[50,1484,84],{"class":72},[50,1486,69],{"class":68},[50,1488,98],{"class":64},[50,1490,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1492,104],{"class":56},[50,1494,61],{"class":60},[50,1496,65],{"class":64},[50,1498,112],{"class":111},[50,1500,78],{"class":64},[50,1502,117],{"class":111},[50,1504,98],{"class":64},[50,1506,1507],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1508,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1510,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1512,1186],{"class":56},[50,1514,61],{"class":60},[50,1516,152],{"class":151},[50,1518,155],{"class":64},[50,1520,159],{"class":158},[50,1522,78],{"class":64},[50,1524,164],{"class":158},[50,1526,186],{"class":64},[50,1528,1529],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1530,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":52,"line":1533},6,[50,1535,366],{"class":151},[50,1537,155],{"class":64},[50,1539,372],{"class":371},[50,1541,155],{"class":64},[50,1543,1214],{"class":158},[50,1545,1077],{"class":64},[50,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":52,"line":1548},7,[50,1550,366],{"class":151},[50,1552,155],{"class":64},[50,1554,372],{"class":371},[50,1556,155],{"class":64},[50,1558,1214],{"class":158},[50,1560,1077],{"class":64},[20,1562,189],{},[41,1564,1566],{"className":43,"code":1565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,1567,1568,1598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1569,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1571,401],{"class":64},[50,1573,413],{"class":68},[50,1575,73],{"class":72},[50,1577,413],{"class":68},[50,1579,78],{"class":64},[50,1581,597],{"class":111},[50,1583,416],{"class":64},[50,1585,419],{"class":64},[50,1587,413],{"class":68},[50,1589,84],{"class":72},[50,1591,413],{"class":68},[50,1593,78],{"class":64},[50,1595,117],{"class":111},[50,1597,448],{"class":64},[50,1599,1600],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1601,1602],{"class":64},"[]\n",[20,1604,1605],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,1607,1608,1609,838],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[335,1610,1612],{"href":1611},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,1614,1616],{"id":1615},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[20,1618,1619,1620,838],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,1621,17],{},[1112,1623,1625],{"id":1624},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[41,1627,1629],{"className":43,"code":1628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,1630,1631,1663,1683,1687,1711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1632,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1634,57],{"class":56},[50,1636,61],{"class":60},[50,1638,65],{"class":64},[50,1640,69],{"class":68},[50,1642,73],{"class":72},[50,1644,69],{"class":68},[50,1646,78],{"class":64},[50,1648,81],{"class":68},[50,1650,84],{"class":72},[50,1652,69],{"class":68},[50,1654,78],{"class":64},[50,1656,81],{"class":68},[50,1658,93],{"class":72},[50,1660,69],{"class":68},[50,1662,98],{"class":64},[50,1664,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1666,104],{"class":56},[50,1668,61],{"class":60},[50,1670,65],{"class":64},[50,1672,112],{"class":111},[50,1674,78],{"class":64},[50,1676,117],{"class":111},[50,1678,78],{"class":64},[50,1680,122],{"class":111},[50,1682,98],{"class":64},[50,1684,1685],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1686,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1690,33],{"class":137},[50,1692,140],{"class":56},[50,1694,78],{"class":64},[50,1696,145],{"class":56},[50,1698,148],{"class":137},[50,1700,152],{"class":151},[50,1702,155],{"class":64},[50,1704,159],{"class":158},[50,1706,78],{"class":64},[50,1708,164],{"class":158},[50,1710,167],{"class":64},[50,1712,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1714,173],{"class":151},[50,1716,155],{"class":64},[50,1718,753],{"class":752},[50,1720,69],{"class":72},[50,1722,758],{"class":111},[50,1724,178],{"class":158},[50,1726,763],{"class":111},[50,1728,1729],{"class":72},": ",[50,1731,758],{"class":111},[50,1733,771],{"class":158},[50,1735,763],{"class":111},[50,1737,69],{"class":72},[50,1739,186],{"class":64},[1112,1741,1743],{"id":1742},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[41,1745,1747],{"className":43,"code":1746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,1748,1749,1783,1810,1814,1837],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1779,1781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1752,1286],{"class":56},[50,1754,61],{"class":60},[50,1756,65],{"class":64},[50,1758,69],{"class":68},[50,1760,1761],{"class":72},"id",[50,1763,69],{"class":68},[50,1765,78],{"class":64},[50,1767,81],{"class":68},[50,1769,178],{"class":72},[50,1771,69],{"class":68},[50,1773,78],{"class":64},[50,1775,81],{"class":68},[50,1777,1778],{"class":72},"active",[50,1780,69],{"class":68},[50,1782,98],{"class":64},[50,1784,1785,1787,1789,1791,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1808],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1786,1321],{"class":56},[50,1788,61],{"class":60},[50,1790,65],{"class":64},[50,1792,1793],{"class":111},"101",[50,1795,78],{"class":64},[50,1797,81],{"class":68},[50,1799,73],{"class":72},[50,1801,69],{"class":68},[50,1803,78],{"class":64},[50,1805,1807],{"class":1806},"s39Yj"," True",[50,1809,98],{"class":64},[50,1811,1812],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1813,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1815,1816,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1817,1818],{"class":56},"data ",[50,1820,61],{"class":60},[50,1822,1361],{"class":371},[50,1824,155],{"class":64},[50,1826,269],{"class":151},[50,1828,155],{"class":64},[50,1830,1370],{"class":158},[50,1832,78],{"class":64},[50,1834,1375],{"class":158},[50,1836,1077],{"class":64},[50,1838,1839,1841,1843,1846],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1840,366],{"class":151},[50,1842,155],{"class":64},[50,1844,1845],{"class":158},"data",[50,1847,186],{"class":64},[1112,1849,1851],{"id":1850},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[41,1853,1855],{"className":43,"code":1854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,1856,1857,1881,1902,1906,1934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1858,1859,1862,1864,1866,1869,1871,1874,1876,1879],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1860,1861],{"class":56},"list1 ",[50,1863,61],{"class":60},[50,1865,65],{"class":64},[50,1867,1868],{"class":111},"10",[50,1870,78],{"class":64},[50,1872,1873],{"class":111}," 20",[50,1875,78],{"class":64},[50,1877,1878],{"class":111}," 30",[50,1880,98],{"class":64},[50,1882,1883,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1898,1900],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1884,1885],{"class":56},"list2 ",[50,1887,61],{"class":60},[50,1889,65],{"class":64},[50,1891,1868],{"class":111},[50,1893,78],{"class":64},[50,1895,1336],{"class":111},[50,1897,78],{"class":64},[50,1899,1878],{"class":111},[50,1901,98],{"class":64},[50,1903,1904],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1905,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,1907,1908,1910,1913,1915,1918,1920,1922,1924,1927,1929,1932],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,1909,33],{"class":137},[50,1911,1912],{"class":56}," a",[50,1914,78],{"class":64},[50,1916,1917],{"class":56}," b ",[50,1919,148],{"class":137},[50,1921,152],{"class":151},[50,1923,155],{"class":64},[50,1925,1926],{"class":158},"list1",[50,1928,78],{"class":64},[50,1930,1931],{"class":158}," list2",[50,1933,167],{"class":64},[50,1935,1936,1938,1940,1943,1946,1949],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,1937,173],{"class":151},[50,1939,155],{"class":64},[50,1941,1942],{"class":158},"a ",[50,1944,1945],{"class":60},"==",[50,1947,1948],{"class":158}," b",[50,1950,186],{"class":64},[20,1952,189],{},[41,1954,1956],{"className":43,"code":1955,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,1957,1958,1963,1968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1959,1960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1961,1962],{"class":1806},"True\n",[50,1964,1965],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,1966,1967],{"class":1806},"False\n",[50,1969,1970],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,1971,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,1973,1975],{"id":1974},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[41,1977,1979],{"className":43,"code":1978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,1980,1981,2017,2041,2045,2073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1982,1983,1986,1988,1990,1992,1995,1997,1999,2001,2004,2006,2008,2010,2013,2015],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1984,1985],{"class":56},"products ",[50,1987,61],{"class":60},[50,1989,65],{"class":64},[50,1991,69],{"class":68},[50,1993,1994],{"class":72},"Book",[50,1996,69],{"class":68},[50,1998,78],{"class":64},[50,2000,81],{"class":68},[50,2002,2003],{"class":72},"Pen",[50,2005,69],{"class":68},[50,2007,78],{"class":64},[50,2009,81],{"class":68},[50,2011,2012],{"class":72},"Bag",[50,2014,69],{"class":68},[50,2016,98],{"class":64},[50,2018,2019,2022,2024,2026,2029,2031,2034,2036,2039],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2020,2021],{"class":56},"prices ",[50,2023,61],{"class":60},[50,2025,65],{"class":64},[50,2027,2028],{"class":111},"12.5",[50,2030,78],{"class":64},[50,2032,2033],{"class":111}," 1.2",[50,2035,78],{"class":64},[50,2037,2038],{"class":111}," 25.0",[50,2040,98],{"class":64},[50,2042,2043],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2044,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2046,2047,2049,2052,2054,2057,2059,2061,2063,2066,2068,2071],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,2048,33],{"class":137},[50,2050,2051],{"class":56}," product",[50,2053,78],{"class":64},[50,2055,2056],{"class":56}," price ",[50,2058,148],{"class":137},[50,2060,152],{"class":151},[50,2062,155],{"class":64},[50,2064,2065],{"class":158},"products",[50,2067,78],{"class":64},[50,2069,2070],{"class":158}," prices",[50,2072,167],{"class":64},[50,2074,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2088,2090,2093,2095,2098,2100,2102],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,2076,173],{"class":151},[50,2078,155],{"class":64},[50,2080,753],{"class":752},[50,2082,69],{"class":72},[50,2084,758],{"class":111},[50,2086,2087],{"class":158},"product",[50,2089,763],{"class":111},[50,2091,2092],{"class":72}," costs $",[50,2094,758],{"class":111},[50,2096,2097],{"class":158},"price",[50,2099,763],{"class":111},[50,2101,69],{"class":72},[50,2103,186],{"class":64},[20,2105,2106,2107,838],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[335,2108,2110],{"href":2109},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[36,2112,2114,2115],{"id":2113},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,2116,17],{},[1112,2118,2120,2121,2123],{"id":2119},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable","Expecting ",[15,2122,17],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,2125,2126,2128],{},[15,2127,17],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,2130,2131],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[41,2133,2135],{"className":43,"code":2134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,2136,2137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2138,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2140,366],{"class":151},[50,2142,155],{"class":64},[50,2144,1060],{"class":151},[50,2146,155],{"class":64},[50,2148,1926],{"class":158},[50,2150,416],{"class":64},[50,2152,1069],{"class":151},[50,2154,155],{"class":64},[50,2156,2157],{"class":158},"list2",[50,2159,1077],{"class":64},[1112,2161,2163],{"id":2162},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,2165,2166],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[41,2168,2170],{"className":43,"code":2169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,2171,2172,2211,2215,2230,2241,2245,2257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2173,2174,2176,2178,2180,2183,2185,2187,2189,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2175,1186],{"class":56},[50,2177,61],{"class":60},[50,2179,152],{"class":151},[50,2181,2182],{"class":64},"([",[50,2184,309],{"class":111},[50,2186,78],{"class":64},[50,2188,314],{"class":111},[50,2190,2191],{"class":64},"],",[50,2193,65],{"class":64},[50,2195,69],{"class":68},[50,2197,335],{"class":72},[50,2199,69],{"class":68},[50,2201,78],{"class":64},[50,2203,81],{"class":68},[50,2205,344],{"class":72},[50,2207,69],{"class":68},[50,2209,2210],{"class":64},"])\n",[50,2212,2213],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2214,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2216,2217,2219,2222,2224,2227],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2218,33],{"class":137},[50,2220,2221],{"class":56}," item ",[50,2223,148],{"class":137},[50,2225,2226],{"class":56}," pairs",[50,2228,2229],{"class":64},":\n",[50,2231,2232,2234,2236,2239],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,2233,173],{"class":151},[50,2235,155],{"class":64},[50,2237,2238],{"class":158},"item",[50,2240,186],{"class":64},[50,2242,2243],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,2244,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2246,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,2248,33],{"class":137},[50,2250,2221],{"class":56},[50,2252,148],{"class":137},[50,2254,2226],{"class":56},[50,2256,2229],{"class":64},[50,2258,2259,2261,2263,2265],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,2260,173],{"class":151},[50,2262,155],{"class":64},[50,2264,2238],{"class":158},[50,2266,186],{"class":64},[20,2268,2269],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1112,2271,2273],{"id":2272},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,2275,2276],{},"This is correct:",[41,2278,2280],{"className":43,"code":2279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,2281,2282,2306,2322,2326,2350],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2283,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2302,2304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2285,57],{"class":56},[50,2287,61],{"class":60},[50,2289,65],{"class":64},[50,2291,69],{"class":68},[50,2293,73],{"class":72},[50,2295,69],{"class":68},[50,2297,78],{"class":64},[50,2299,81],{"class":68},[50,2301,84],{"class":72},[50,2303,69],{"class":68},[50,2305,98],{"class":64},[50,2307,2308,2310,2312,2314,2316,2318,2320],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2309,104],{"class":56},[50,2311,61],{"class":60},[50,2313,65],{"class":64},[50,2315,112],{"class":111},[50,2317,78],{"class":64},[50,2319,117],{"class":111},[50,2321,98],{"class":64},[50,2323,2324],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2325,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2327,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,2329,33],{"class":137},[50,2331,140],{"class":56},[50,2333,78],{"class":64},[50,2335,145],{"class":56},[50,2337,148],{"class":137},[50,2339,152],{"class":151},[50,2341,155],{"class":64},[50,2343,159],{"class":158},[50,2345,78],{"class":64},[50,2347,164],{"class":158},[50,2349,167],{"class":64},[50,2351,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,2353,173],{"class":151},[50,2355,155],{"class":64},[50,2357,178],{"class":158},[50,2359,78],{"class":64},[50,2361,183],{"class":158},[50,2363,186],{"class":64},[20,2365,2366],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[41,2368,2370],{"className":43,"code":2369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,2371,2372,2392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2373,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2375,33],{"class":137},[50,2377,2221],{"class":56},[50,2379,148],{"class":137},[50,2381,152],{"class":151},[50,2383,155],{"class":64},[50,2385,159],{"class":158},[50,2387,78],{"class":64},[50,2389,164],{"class":158},[50,2391,167],{"class":64},[50,2393,2394,2396,2398,2400],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2395,173],{"class":151},[50,2397,155],{"class":64},[50,2399,2238],{"class":158},[50,2401,186],{"class":64},[20,2403,189],{},[41,2405,2407],{"className":43,"code":2406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,2408,2409,2425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2410,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2412,155],{"class":64},[50,2414,413],{"class":68},[50,2416,73],{"class":72},[50,2418,413],{"class":68},[50,2420,78],{"class":64},[50,2422,597],{"class":111},[50,2424,186],{"class":64},[50,2426,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2428,155],{"class":64},[50,2430,413],{"class":68},[50,2432,84],{"class":72},[50,2434,413],{"class":68},[50,2436,78],{"class":64},[50,2438,117],{"class":111},[50,2440,186],{"class":64},[20,2442,2443],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1112,2445,2447,2448,2450,2451],{"id":2446},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate","Using ",[15,2449,17],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,2452,2453],{},"enumerate()",[20,2455,221,2456,2458],{},[15,2457,17],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,2460,221,2461,2463],{},[15,2462,2453],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[41,2465,2467],{"className":43,"code":2466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,2468,2469,2501,2505,2528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2470,2471,2473,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497,2499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2472,57],{"class":56},[50,2474,61],{"class":60},[50,2476,65],{"class":64},[50,2478,69],{"class":68},[50,2480,73],{"class":72},[50,2482,69],{"class":68},[50,2484,78],{"class":64},[50,2486,81],{"class":68},[50,2488,84],{"class":72},[50,2490,69],{"class":68},[50,2492,78],{"class":64},[50,2494,81],{"class":68},[50,2496,93],{"class":72},[50,2498,69],{"class":68},[50,2500,98],{"class":64},[50,2502,2503],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2504,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2506,2507,2509,2512,2514,2517,2519,2522,2524,2526],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2508,33],{"class":137},[50,2510,2511],{"class":56}," index",[50,2513,78],{"class":64},[50,2515,2516],{"class":56}," name ",[50,2518,148],{"class":137},[50,2520,2521],{"class":151}," enumerate",[50,2523,155],{"class":64},[50,2525,159],{"class":158},[50,2527,167],{"class":64},[50,2529,2530,2532,2534,2537,2539,2541],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,2531,173],{"class":151},[50,2533,155],{"class":64},[50,2535,2536],{"class":158},"index",[50,2538,78],{"class":64},[50,2540,140],{"class":158},[50,2542,186],{"class":64},[20,2544,2545,2546,838],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[335,2547,13,2549,2551],{"href":2548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,2550,2453],{}," function explained",[36,2553,2555],{"id":2554},"faq","FAQ",[1112,2557,2559,2560,2562],{"id":2558},"what-does-zip-return-in-python","What does ",[15,2561,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,2564,2565],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1112,2567,2569,2570,2572],{"id":2568},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths","Does ",[15,2571,17],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,2574,2575],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1112,2577,2579,2580,2582],{"id":2578},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,2581,17],{},"?",[20,2584,2585,2586,838],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,2587,1117],{},[1112,2589,2591,2592,2582],{"id":2590},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,2593,17],{},[20,2595,2596,2597,2599],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,2598,1273],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1112,2601,2603],{"id":2602},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,2605,2606],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[36,2608,2610],{"id":2609},"see-also","See also",[233,2612,2613,2618,2624,2629,2634],{},[236,2614,2615],{},[335,2616,2617],{"href":2109},"How to use zip in Python",[236,2619,2620],{},[335,2621,13,2622,2551],{"href":2548},[15,2623,2453],{},[236,2625,2626],{},[335,2627,2628],{"href":1611},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[236,2630,2631],{},[335,2632,2633],{"href":836},"How to loop through a list in Python",[236,2635,2636],{},[335,2637,2638],{"href":1451},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[2640,2641,2642],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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values))",{"id":1455,"depth":127,"text":1456},{"id":1615,"depth":101,"text":1616,"children":2660},[2661,2662,2663,2664],{"id":1624,"depth":127,"text":1625},{"id":1742,"depth":127,"text":1743},{"id":1850,"depth":127,"text":1851},{"id":1974,"depth":127,"text":1975},{"id":2113,"depth":101,"text":2666,"children":2667},"Common mistakes with zip()",[2668,2670,2671,2672],{"id":2119,"depth":127,"text":2669},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":2162,"depth":127,"text":2163},{"id":2272,"depth":127,"text":2273},{"id":2446,"depth":127,"text":2673},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":2675},[2676,2678,2680,2682,2684],{"id":2558,"depth":127,"text":2677},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":2568,"depth":127,"text":2679},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":2578,"depth":127,"text":2681},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":2590,"depth":127,"text":2683},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":2602,"depth":127,"text":2603},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2686},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",[2694,4291,5990,7686,9822,12012,13531,15705,17908,20365,22203,24762,26858,29139,31085,32992,34986,36425,38243,40766,42926,44155,45526,47172,49492,51336,53318,55012,56265,57958,59709,61681,63431,65529,66889,68840,70399,72389,74184,76084,78526,80604,83240,85268,87230,89418,91422,93733,95415,96860,98054,99232,101072,103512,105216,107231,108755,110000,111163,112544,114615,116512,118286,120152,122271,124011,125473,127067,128989,130666,132600,134089,136872,138449,140008,142036,143988,145451,146640,148526,149937,151633,153187,154609,156012,157910,160304,162135],{"id":2695,"title":2696,"body":2697,"description":4285,"extension":2687,"meta":4286,"navigation":130,"path":4287,"seo":4288,"stem":4289,"__hash__":4290},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2698,"toc":4257},[2699,2702,2709,2712,2723,2726,2728,2791,2793,2813,2818,2822,2827,2830,2846,2849,2875,2878,2880,2883,2899,2902,2929,2932,2992,2994,3009,3018,3029,3033,3036,3089,3091,3111,3114,3138,3145,3149,3154,3160,3162,3200,3202,3211,3217,3234,3237,3249,3253,3258,3262,3265,3284,3286,3344,3346,3354,3357,3361,3393,3395,3403,3406,3410,3415,3463,3465,3473,3477,3537,3539,3547,3550,3554,3558,3561,3584,3593,3609,3659,3661,3676,3687,3691,3694,3722,3729,3733,3738,3779,3781,3792,3795,3838,3840,3848,3852,3857,3879,3881,3890,3899,3903,3908,3930,3932,4003,4005,4055,4058,4061,4064,4144,4146,4177,4179,4183,4186,4190,4193,4197,4200,4204,4216,4220,4223,4225,4254],[10,2700,2696],{"id":2701},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2703,2704,2705,2708],{},"The ",[15,2706,2707],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2710,2711],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[233,2713,2714,2717,2720],{},[236,2715,2716],{},"a number without its negative sign",[236,2718,2719],{},"the distance between two numbers",[236,2721,2722],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2724,2725],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[36,2727,39],{"id":38},[41,2729,2731],{"className":43,"code":2730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2732,2733,2752,2767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2734,2735,2737,2739,2742,2744,2747,2750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2736,366],{"class":151},[50,2738,155],{"class":64},[50,2740,2741],{"class":151},"abs",[50,2743,155],{"class":64},[50,2745,2746],{"class":60},"-",[50,2748,2749],{"class":111},"7",[50,2751,1077],{"class":64},[50,2753,2754,2756,2758,2760,2762,2765],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2755,366],{"class":151},[50,2757,155],{"class":64},[50,2759,2741],{"class":151},[50,2761,155],{"class":64},[50,2763,2764],{"class":111},"3.5",[50,2766,1077],{"class":64},[50,2768,2769,2771,2773,2775,2777,2779,2781,2784,2786,2789],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2770,366],{"class":151},[50,2772,155],{"class":64},[50,2774,2741],{"class":151},[50,2776,155],{"class":64},[50,2778,2746],{"class":60},[50,2780,422],{"class":111},[50,2782,2783],{"class":60},"+",[50,2785,437],{"class":111},[50,2787,2788],{"class":752},"j",[50,2790,1077],{"class":64},[20,2792,189],{},[41,2794,2796],{"className":43,"code":2795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2797,2798,2803,2808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2799,2800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2801,2802],{"class":111},"7\n",[50,2804,2805],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2806,2807],{"class":111},"3.5\n",[50,2809,2810],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2811,2812],{"class":111},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2814,221,2815,2817],{},[15,2816,2707],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[36,2819,2821],{"id":2820},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2823,2824,2826],{},[15,2825,2707],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2828,2829],{},"That means:",[233,2831,2832,2835,2838],{},[236,2833,2834],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[236,2836,2837],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[236,2839,2840,2843,2844],{},[15,2841,2842],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2845,2842],{},[20,2847,2848],{},"Examples:",[233,2850,2851,2860,2868],{},[236,2852,2853,2856,2857],{},[15,2854,2855],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2858,2859],{},"5",[236,2861,2862,2856,2865],{},[15,2863,2864],{},"abs(9)",[15,2866,2867],{},"9",[236,2869,2870,2856,2873],{},[15,2871,2872],{},"abs(0)",[15,2874,2842],{},[20,2876,2877],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[36,2879,256],{"id":255},[20,2881,2882],{},"The syntax is:",[41,2884,2886],{"className":43,"code":2885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(x)\n",[15,2887,2888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2889,2890,2892,2894,2897],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2891,2741],{"class":151},[50,2893,155],{"class":64},[50,2895,2896],{"class":158},"x",[50,2898,186],{"class":64},[20,2900,2901],{},"Here:",[233,2903,2904,2921,2926],{},[236,2905,2906,2908,2909,2912,2913,2916,2917,2920],{},[15,2907,2896],{}," is usually an ",[15,2910,2911],{},"int",", ",[15,2914,2915],{},"float",", or ",[15,2918,2919],{},"complex"," number",[236,2922,2923,2925],{},[15,2924,2707],{}," returns a new value",[236,2927,2928],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2930,2931],{},"Example:",[41,2933,2935],{"className":43,"code":2934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2936,2937,2950,2967,2971,2981],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2938,2939,2942,2944,2947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2940,2941],{"class":56},"number ",[50,2943,61],{"class":60},[50,2945,2946],{"class":60}," -",[50,2948,2949],{"class":111},"12\n",[50,2951,2952,2955,2957,2960,2962,2965],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,2953,2954],{"class":56},"result ",[50,2956,61],{"class":60},[50,2958,2959],{"class":151}," abs",[50,2961,155],{"class":64},[50,2963,2964],{"class":158},"number",[50,2966,186],{"class":64},[50,2968,2969],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,2970,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,2972,2973,2975,2977,2979],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,2974,366],{"class":151},[50,2976,155],{"class":64},[50,2978,2964],{"class":158},[50,2980,186],{"class":64},[50,2982,2983,2985,2987,2990],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,2984,366],{"class":151},[50,2986,155],{"class":64},[50,2988,2989],{"class":158},"result",[50,2991,186],{"class":64},[20,2993,189],{},[41,2995,2997],{"className":43,"code":2996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-12\n12\n",[15,2998,2999,3005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3000,3001,3003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3002,2746],{"class":60},[50,3004,2949],{"class":111},[50,3006,3007],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3008,2949],{"class":111},[20,3010,976,3011,3013,3014,3017],{},[15,3012,2964],{}," is still ",[15,3015,3016],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,3019,3020,3021,3028],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[335,3022,3024,3027],{"href":3023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,3025,3026],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[36,3030,3032],{"id":3031},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,3034,3035],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[41,3037,3039],{"className":43,"code":3038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,3040,3041,3057,3072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3042,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3044,366],{"class":151},[50,3046,155],{"class":64},[50,3048,2741],{"class":151},[50,3050,155],{"class":64},[50,3052,2746],{"class":60},[50,3054,1868],{"class":111},[50,3056,1077],{"class":64},[50,3058,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3070],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3060,366],{"class":151},[50,3062,155],{"class":64},[50,3064,2741],{"class":151},[50,3066,155],{"class":64},[50,3068,3069],{"class":111},"8",[50,3071,1077],{"class":64},[50,3073,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3087],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3075,366],{"class":151},[50,3077,155],{"class":64},[50,3079,2741],{"class":151},[50,3081,155],{"class":64},[50,3083,2746],{"class":60},[50,3085,3086],{"class":111},"4.2",[50,3088,1077],{"class":64},[20,3090,189],{},[41,3092,3094],{"className":43,"code":3093,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3095,3096,3101,3106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3097,3098],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3099,3100],{"class":111},"10\n",[50,3102,3103],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3104,3105],{"class":111},"8\n",[50,3107,3108],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3109,3110],{"class":111},"4.2\n",[20,3112,3113],{},"What each line does:",[233,3115,3116,3124,3131],{},[236,3117,3118,3121,3122],{},[15,3119,3120],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3123,1868],{},[236,3125,3126,3121,3129],{},[15,3127,3128],{},"abs(8)",[15,3130,3069],{},[236,3132,3133,3121,3136],{},[15,3134,3135],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3137,3086],{},[20,3139,3140,3141,838],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[335,3142,3144],{"href":3143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[36,3146,3148],{"id":3147},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3150,3151,3153],{},[15,3152,2707],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3155,3156,3157,3159],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3158,2842],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3161,2931],{},[41,3163,3165],{"className":43,"code":3164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3166,3167,3185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3168,3169,3172,3174,3176,3179,3182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3170,3171],{"class":56},"value ",[50,3173,61],{"class":60},[50,3175,319],{"class":111},[50,3177,3178],{"class":60}," +",[50,3180,3181],{"class":111}," 4",[50,3183,3184],{"class":752},"j\n",[50,3186,3187,3189,3191,3193,3195,3198],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3188,366],{"class":151},[50,3190,155],{"class":64},[50,3192,2741],{"class":151},[50,3194,155],{"class":64},[50,3196,3197],{"class":158},"value",[50,3199,1077],{"class":64},[20,3201,189],{},[41,3203,3205],{"className":43,"code":3204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n",[15,3206,3207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3208,3209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3210,3204],{"class":111},[20,3212,3213,3214,2582],{},"Why ",[15,3215,3216],{},"5.0",[233,3218,3219,3224,3229],{},[236,3220,3221,3222],{},"the real part is ",[15,3223,437],{},[236,3225,3226,3227],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3228,1089],{},[236,3230,3231,3232],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3233,3216],{},[20,3235,3236],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[233,3238,3239,3246],{},[236,3240,3241,3243,3244],{},[15,3242,2707],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3245,2915],{},[236,3247,3248],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[36,3250,3252],{"id":3251},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3254,3255,3256,838],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3257,2707],{},[1112,3259,3261],{"id":3260},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3263,3264],{},"A very common pattern is:",[41,3266,3268],{"className":43,"code":3267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3269,3270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3271,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280,3282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3273,2741],{"class":151},[50,3275,155],{"class":64},[50,3277,1942],{"class":158},[50,3279,2746],{"class":60},[50,3281,1948],{"class":158},[50,3283,186],{"class":64},[20,3285,2931],{},[41,3287,3289],{"className":43,"code":3288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3290,3291,3300,3310,3314,3333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3292,3293,3295,3297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3294,1942],{"class":56},[50,3296,61],{"class":60},[50,3298,3299],{"class":111}," 3\n",[50,3301,3302,3305,3307],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3303,3304],{"class":56},"b ",[50,3306,61],{"class":60},[50,3308,3309],{"class":111}," 10\n",[50,3311,3312],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3313,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,3315,3316,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,3317,3318],{"class":56},"distance ",[50,3320,61],{"class":60},[50,3322,2959],{"class":151},[50,3324,155],{"class":64},[50,3326,1942],{"class":158},[50,3328,2746],{"class":60},[50,3330,1948],{"class":158},[50,3332,186],{"class":64},[50,3334,3335,3337,3339,3342],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,3336,366],{"class":151},[50,3338,155],{"class":64},[50,3340,3341],{"class":158},"distance",[50,3343,186],{"class":64},[20,3345,189],{},[41,3347,3348],{"className":43,"code":2802,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3349,3350],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3351,3352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3353,2802],{"class":111},[20,3355,3356],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1112,3358,3360],{"id":3359},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[41,3362,3364],{"className":43,"code":3363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3365,3366,3378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3367,3368,3371,3373,3375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3369,3370],{"class":56},"temperature_change ",[50,3372,61],{"class":60},[50,3374,2946],{"class":60},[50,3376,3377],{"class":111},"6\n",[50,3379,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3391],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3381,366],{"class":151},[50,3383,155],{"class":64},[50,3385,2741],{"class":151},[50,3387,155],{"class":64},[50,3389,3390],{"class":158},"temperature_change",[50,3392,1077],{"class":64},[20,3394,189],{},[41,3396,3397],{"className":43,"code":3377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3398,3399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3400,3401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3402,3377],{"class":111},[20,3404,3405],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1112,3407,3409],{"id":3408},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3411,3412,3413,3028],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3414,2707],{},[41,3416,3418],{"className":43,"code":3417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3419,3420,3432,3448,3452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3421,3422,3425,3427,3429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3423,3424],{"class":56},"balance_change ",[50,3426,61],{"class":60},[50,3428,2946],{"class":60},[50,3430,3431],{"class":111},"25\n",[50,3433,3434,3437,3439,3441,3443,3446],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3435,3436],{"class":56},"safe_value ",[50,3438,61],{"class":60},[50,3440,2959],{"class":151},[50,3442,155],{"class":64},[50,3444,3445],{"class":158},"balance_change",[50,3447,186],{"class":64},[50,3449,3450],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3451,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,3453,3454,3456,3458,3461],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,3455,366],{"class":151},[50,3457,155],{"class":64},[50,3459,3460],{"class":158},"safe_value",[50,3462,186],{"class":64},[20,3464,189],{},[41,3466,3467],{"className":43,"code":3431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3468,3469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3470,3471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3472,3431],{"class":111},[1112,3474,3476],{"id":3475},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[41,3478,3480],{"className":43,"code":3479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3481,3482,3492,3502,3506,3526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3483,3484,3487,3489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3485,3486],{"class":56},"guess ",[50,3488,61],{"class":60},[50,3490,3491],{"class":111}," 42\n",[50,3493,3494,3497,3499],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3495,3496],{"class":56},"target ",[50,3498,61],{"class":60},[50,3500,3501],{"class":111}," 50\n",[50,3503,3504],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3505,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,3507,3508,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3524],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,3509,3510],{"class":56},"difference ",[50,3512,61],{"class":60},[50,3514,2959],{"class":151},[50,3516,155],{"class":64},[50,3518,3486],{"class":158},[50,3520,2746],{"class":60},[50,3522,3523],{"class":158}," target",[50,3525,186],{"class":64},[50,3527,3528,3530,3532,3535],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,3529,366],{"class":151},[50,3531,155],{"class":64},[50,3533,3534],{"class":158},"difference",[50,3536,186],{"class":64},[20,3538,189],{},[41,3540,3541],{"className":43,"code":3105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3542,3543],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3544,3545],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3546,3105],{"class":111},[20,3548,3549],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[36,3551,3553],{"id":3552},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1112,3555,3557],{"id":3556},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3559,3560],{},"This causes an error:",[41,3562,3564],{"className":43,"code":3563,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3565,3566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3567,3568,3570,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3569,366],{"class":151},[50,3571,155],{"class":64},[50,3573,2741],{"class":151},[50,3575,155],{"class":64},[50,3577,69],{"class":68},[50,3579,2859],{"class":72},[50,3581,69],{"class":68},[50,3583,1077],{"class":64},[20,3585,3586,3589,3590,3592],{},[15,3587,3588],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3591,2707],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3594,3595,3596,3602,3603,1408],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[335,3597,3599],{"href":3598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3600,3601],{},"int()"," or ",[335,3604,3606],{"href":3605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3607,3608],{},"float()",[41,3610,3612],{"className":43,"code":3611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3613,3614,3636],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3615,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3617,366],{"class":151},[50,3619,155],{"class":64},[50,3621,2741],{"class":151},[50,3623,155],{"class":64},[50,3625,2911],{"class":371},[50,3627,155],{"class":64},[50,3629,69],{"class":68},[50,3631,2859],{"class":72},[50,3633,69],{"class":68},[50,3635,389],{"class":64},[50,3637,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3650,3652,3655,3657],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3639,366],{"class":151},[50,3641,155],{"class":64},[50,3643,2741],{"class":151},[50,3645,155],{"class":64},[50,3647,2915],{"class":371},[50,3649,155],{"class":64},[50,3651,69],{"class":68},[50,3653,3654],{"class":72},"-3.2",[50,3656,69],{"class":68},[50,3658,389],{"class":64},[20,3660,189],{},[41,3662,3664],{"className":43,"code":3663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3665,3666,3671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3667,3668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3669,3670],{"class":111},"5\n",[50,3672,3673],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3674,3675],{"class":111},"3.2\n",[20,3677,3678,3679,3682,3683,838],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3680,3681],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[335,3684,3686],{"href":3685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1112,3688,3690],{"id":3689},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3692,3693],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[41,3695,3697],{"className":43,"code":3696,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3698,3699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3700,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709,3711,3713,3715,3717,3719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3702,366],{"class":151},[50,3704,155],{"class":64},[50,3706,2741],{"class":151},[50,3708,2182],{"class":64},[50,3710,309],{"class":111},[50,3712,78],{"class":64},[50,3714,314],{"class":111},[50,3716,78],{"class":64},[50,3718,319],{"class":111},[50,3720,3721],{"class":64},"]))\n",[20,3723,3724,3725,3728],{},"This raises a ",[15,3726,3727],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1112,3730,3732],{"id":3731},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3734,3735,3737],{},[15,3736,2707],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[41,3739,3741],{"className":43,"code":3740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3742,3743,3755,3765,3769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3744,3745,3748,3750,3752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3746,3747],{"class":56},"x ",[50,3749,61],{"class":60},[50,3751,2946],{"class":60},[50,3753,3754],{"class":111},"9\n",[50,3756,3757,3759,3761,3763],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3758,2741],{"class":151},[50,3760,155],{"class":64},[50,3762,2896],{"class":158},[50,3764,186],{"class":64},[50,3766,3767],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3768,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,3770,3771,3773,3775,3777],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,3772,366],{"class":151},[50,3774,155],{"class":64},[50,3776,2896],{"class":158},[50,3778,186],{"class":64},[20,3780,189],{},[41,3782,3784],{"className":43,"code":3783,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-9\n",[15,3785,3786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3787,3788,3790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3789,2746],{"class":60},[50,3791,3754],{"class":111},[20,3793,3794],{},"If you want to store the result:",[41,3796,3798],{"className":43,"code":3797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3799,3800,3810,3824,3828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3801,3802,3804,3806,3808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3803,3747],{"class":56},[50,3805,61],{"class":60},[50,3807,2946],{"class":60},[50,3809,3754],{"class":111},[50,3811,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3813,3747],{"class":56},[50,3815,61],{"class":60},[50,3817,2959],{"class":151},[50,3819,155],{"class":64},[50,3821,2896],{"class":158},[50,3823,186],{"class":64},[50,3825,3826],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3827,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,3829,3830,3832,3834,3836],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,3831,366],{"class":151},[50,3833,155],{"class":64},[50,3835,2896],{"class":158},[50,3837,186],{"class":64},[20,3839,189],{},[41,3841,3842],{"className":43,"code":3754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3843,3844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3845,3846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3847,3754],{"class":111},[1112,3849,3851],{"id":3850},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3853,3854,3856],{},[15,3855,2707],{}," does not round numbers.",[41,3858,3860],{"className":43,"code":3859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3861,3862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3863,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3865,366],{"class":151},[50,3867,155],{"class":64},[50,3869,2741],{"class":151},[50,3871,155],{"class":64},[50,3873,2746],{"class":60},[50,3875,3876],{"class":111},"4.7",[50,3878,1077],{"class":64},[20,3880,189],{},[41,3882,3884],{"className":43,"code":3883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.7\n",[15,3885,3886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3887,3888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3889,3883],{"class":111},[20,3891,3892,3893,3895,3896,3898],{},"If you expected ",[15,3894,2859],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3897,2707],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[36,3900,3902],{"id":3901},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3904,3905,3907],{},[15,3906,2707],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[233,3909,3910,3917,3924],{},[236,3911,3912,3914,3915],{},[15,3913,2911],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3916,2911],{},[236,3918,3919,3921,3922],{},[15,3920,2915],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3923,2915],{},[236,3925,3926,3921,3928],{},[15,3927,2919],{},[15,3929,2915],{},[20,3931,2931],{},[41,3933,3935],{"className":43,"code":3934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3936,3937,3958,3979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3938,3939,3941,3943,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3940,366],{"class":151},[50,3942,155],{"class":64},[50,3944,3945],{"class":371},"type",[50,3947,155],{"class":64},[50,3949,2741],{"class":151},[50,3951,155],{"class":64},[50,3953,2746],{"class":60},[50,3955,2859],{"class":111},[50,3957,389],{"class":64},[50,3959,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3977],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,3961,366],{"class":151},[50,3963,155],{"class":64},[50,3965,3945],{"class":371},[50,3967,155],{"class":64},[50,3969,2741],{"class":151},[50,3971,155],{"class":64},[50,3973,2746],{"class":60},[50,3975,3976],{"class":111},"3.2",[50,3978,389],{"class":64},[50,3980,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,3982,366],{"class":151},[50,3984,155],{"class":64},[50,3986,3945],{"class":371},[50,3988,155],{"class":64},[50,3990,2741],{"class":151},[50,3992,155],{"class":64},[50,3994,437],{"class":111},[50,3996,3178],{"class":60},[50,3998,3181],{"class":111},[50,4000,2788],{"class":752},[50,4002,389],{"class":64},[20,4004,189],{},[41,4006,4008],{"className":43,"code":4007,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,4009,4010,4027,4041],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4011,4012,4015,4018,4020,4022,4024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4013,4014],{"class":60},"\u003C",[50,4016,4017],{"class":752},"class",[50,4019,408],{"class":68},[50,4021,2911],{"class":72},[50,4023,413],{"class":68},[50,4025,4026],{"class":60},">\n",[50,4028,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4030,4014],{"class":60},[50,4032,4017],{"class":752},[50,4034,408],{"class":68},[50,4036,2915],{"class":72},[50,4038,413],{"class":68},[50,4040,4026],{"class":60},[50,4042,4043,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4044,4014],{"class":60},[50,4046,4017],{"class":752},[50,4048,408],{"class":68},[50,4050,2915],{"class":72},[50,4052,413],{"class":68},[50,4054,4026],{"class":60},[20,4056,4057],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,4059,4060],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,4062,4063],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[41,4065,4067],{"className":43,"code":4066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,4068,4069,4083,4093,4107,4111,4125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077,4080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4072,3171],{"class":56},[50,4074,61],{"class":60},[50,4076,81],{"class":68},[50,4078,4079],{"class":72},"-5",[50,4081,4082],{"class":68},"\"\n",[50,4084,4085,4087,4089,4091],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4086,366],{"class":151},[50,4088,155],{"class":64},[50,4090,3197],{"class":158},[50,4092,186],{"class":64},[50,4094,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4096,366],{"class":151},[50,4098,155],{"class":64},[50,4100,3945],{"class":371},[50,4102,155],{"class":64},[50,4104,3197],{"class":158},[50,4106,1077],{"class":64},[50,4108,4109],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,4110,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,4112,4113,4116,4118,4120,4123],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,4114,4115],{"class":56},"user_input ",[50,4117,61],{"class":60},[50,4119,81],{"class":68},[50,4121,4122],{"class":72},"-3.7",[50,4124,4082],{"class":68},[50,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4142],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,4128,366],{"class":151},[50,4130,155],{"class":64},[50,4132,2741],{"class":151},[50,4134,155],{"class":64},[50,4136,2915],{"class":371},[50,4138,155],{"class":64},[50,4140,4141],{"class":158},"user_input",[50,4143,389],{"class":64},[20,4145,189],{},[41,4147,4149],{"className":43,"code":4148,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4150,4151,4157,4172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4152,4153,4155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4154,2746],{"class":60},[50,4156,3670],{"class":111},[50,4158,4159,4161,4163,4165,4168,4170],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4160,4014],{"class":60},[50,4162,4017],{"class":752},[50,4164,408],{"class":68},[50,4166,4167],{"class":72},"str",[50,4169,413],{"class":68},[50,4171,4026],{"class":60},[50,4173,4174],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4175,4176],{"class":111},"3.7\n",[36,4178,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,4180,4182],{"id":4181},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4184,4185],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1112,4187,4189],{"id":4188},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4191,4192],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1112,4194,4196],{"id":4195},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4198,4199],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1112,4201,4203],{"id":4202},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4205,4206,4208,4209,3602,4211,4213,4214,838],{},[15,4207,3681],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4210,3601],{},[15,4212,3608],{}," before using ",[15,4215,2707],{},[1112,4217,4219],{"id":4218},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4221,4222],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[36,4224,2610],{"id":2609},[233,4226,4227,4233,4239,4245,4250],{},[236,4228,4229],{},[335,4230,4231,2551],{"href":3598},[15,4232,3601],{},[236,4234,4235],{},[335,4236,4237,2551],{"href":3605},[15,4238,3608],{},[236,4240,4241],{},[335,4242,4243,2551],{"href":3023},[15,4244,3026],{},[236,4246,4247],{},[335,4248,4249],{"href":3685},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[236,4251,4252],{},[335,4253,3144],{"href":3143},[2640,4255,4256],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":4258},[4259,4260,4261,4262,4263,4264,4270,4276,4277,4284],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":2820,"depth":101,"text":2821},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":3031,"depth":101,"text":3032},{"id":3147,"depth":101,"text":3148},{"id":3251,"depth":101,"text":3252,"children":4265},[4266,4267,4268,4269],{"id":3260,"depth":127,"text":3261},{"id":3359,"depth":127,"text":3360},{"id":3408,"depth":127,"text":3409},{"id":3475,"depth":127,"text":3476},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":4271},[4272,4273,4274,4275],{"id":3556,"depth":127,"text":3557},{"id":3689,"depth":127,"text":3690},{"id":3731,"depth":127,"text":3732},{"id":3850,"depth":127,"text":3851},{"id":3901,"depth":101,"text":3902},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":4278},[4279,4280,4281,4282,4283],{"id":4181,"depth":127,"text":4182},{"id":4188,"depth":127,"text":4189},{"id":4195,"depth":127,"text":4196},{"id":4202,"depth":127,"text":4203},{"id":4218,"depth":127,"text":4219},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2696,"description":4285},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4292,"title":4293,"body":4294,"description":5984,"extension":2687,"meta":5985,"navigation":130,"path":5986,"seo":5987,"stem":5988,"__hash__":5989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4295,"toc":5948},[4296,4302,4308,4311,4328,4332,4387,4397,4402,4406,4425,4428,4445,4448,4452,4460,4478,4481,4521,4524,4531,4537,4609,4611,4642,4648,4652,4656,4695,4697,4705,4712,4716,4755,4757,4765,4775,4779,4835,4837,4845,4848,4851,4898,4900,4908,4914,4921,4926,4929,4932,4999,5001,5009,5012,5079,5081,5089,5103,5106,5117,5121,5127,5130,5132,5148,5150,5158,5161,5164,5167,5184,5187,5190,5220,5222,5235,5239,5243,5246,5261,5266,5269,5296,5303,5306,5346,5353,5359,5367,5370,5421,5428,5492,5497,5506,5509,5527,5533,5536,5678,5684,5689,5692,5703,5706,5760,5762,5770,5773,5829,5831,5839,5842,5852,5854,5859,5868,5877,5880,5887,5890,5899,5912,5914,5945],[10,4297,13,4299,18],{"id":4298},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4300,4301],{},"all()",[20,4303,4304,4305,4307],{},"Python’s ",[15,4306,4301],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4309,4310],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[233,4312,4313,4316,4319],{},[236,4314,4315],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[236,4317,4318],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[236,4320,4321,3121,4324,4327],{},[15,4322,4323],{},"all([])",[15,4325,4326],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[36,4329,4331],{"id":4330},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[41,4333,4335],{"className":43,"code":4334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4336,4337,4357,4372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4338,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4340,302],{"class":56},[50,4342,61],{"class":60},[50,4344,65],{"class":64},[50,4346,309],{"class":111},[50,4348,78],{"class":64},[50,4350,314],{"class":111},[50,4352,78],{"class":64},[50,4354,319],{"class":111},[50,4356,98],{"class":64},[50,4358,4359,4361,4363,4366,4368,4370],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4360,2954],{"class":56},[50,4362,61],{"class":60},[50,4364,4365],{"class":151}," all",[50,4367,155],{"class":64},[50,4369,381],{"class":158},[50,4371,186],{"class":64},[50,4373,4374,4376,4378,4380,4383],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4375,366],{"class":151},[50,4377,155],{"class":64},[50,4379,2989],{"class":158},[50,4381,4382],{"class":64},")",[50,4384,4386],{"class":4385},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,4388,4389,3121,4391,4393,4394,838],{},[15,4390,4301],{},[15,4392,4326],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4395,4396],{},"False",[36,4398,228,4400,231],{"id":4399},"what-all-does",[15,4401,4301],{},[20,4403,4404,1408],{},[15,4405,4301],{},[233,4407,4408,4411,4417,4422],{},[236,4409,4410],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[236,4412,4413,4414,4416],{},"returns ",[15,4415,4326],{}," if all items are truthy",[236,4418,4413,4419,4421],{},[15,4420,4396],{}," if any item is falsy",[236,4423,4424],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4426,4427],{},"Basic syntax:",[41,4429,4431],{"className":43,"code":4430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4432,4433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4434,4435,4438,4440,4443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4436,4437],{"class":151},"all",[50,4439,155],{"class":64},[50,4441,4442],{"class":158},"iterable",[50,4444,186],{"class":64},[20,4446,4447],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[36,4449,4451],{"id":4450},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4453,4454,4455,3602,4457,4459],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4456,4326],{},[15,4458,4396],{}," in conditions.",[233,4461,4462,4471],{},[236,4463,4464,4468,4469],{},[4465,4466,4467],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4470,4326],{},[236,4472,4473,4468,4476],{},[4465,4474,4475],{},"Falsy",[15,4477,4396],{},[20,4479,4480],{},"Common falsy values include:",[233,4482,4483,4487,4492,4497,4502,4506,4511,4516],{},[236,4484,4485],{},[15,4486,2842],{},[236,4488,4489],{},[15,4490,4491],{},"0.0",[236,4493,4494],{},[15,4495,4496],{},"''",[236,4498,4499],{},[15,4500,4501],{},"None",[236,4503,4504],{},[15,4505,4396],{},[236,4507,4508],{},[15,4509,4510],{},"[]",[236,4512,4513],{},[15,4514,4515],{},"{}",[236,4517,4518],{},[15,4519,4520],{},"set()",[20,4522,4523],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4525,4526,4527,838],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[335,4528,4530],{"href":4529},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4532,4533,4534,1408],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4535,4536],{},"bool()",[41,4538,4540],{"className":43,"code":4539,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4541,4542,4578,4582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4543,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554,4557,4559,4562,4564,4566,4569,4571,4573,4576],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4545,1321],{"class":56},[50,4547,61],{"class":60},[50,4549,65],{"class":64},[50,4551,309],{"class":111},[50,4553,78],{"class":64},[50,4555,4556],{"class":111}," 0",[50,4558,78],{"class":64},[50,4560,4561],{"class":68}," ''",[50,4563,78],{"class":64},[50,4565,408],{"class":68},[50,4567,4568],{"class":72},"hello",[50,4570,413],{"class":68},[50,4572,78],{"class":64},[50,4574,4575],{"class":1806}," None",[50,4577,98],{"class":64},[50,4579,4580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4581,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,4583,4584,4586,4588,4591,4593,4595,4597,4600,4603,4605,4607],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4585,366],{"class":151},[50,4587,2182],{"class":64},[50,4589,4590],{"class":371},"bool",[50,4592,155],{"class":64},[50,4594,2896],{"class":158},[50,4596,4382],{"class":64},[50,4598,4599],{"class":137}," for",[50,4601,4602],{"class":158}," x ",[50,4604,148],{"class":137},[50,4606,1375],{"class":158},[50,4608,2210],{"class":64},[20,4610,189],{},[41,4612,4614],{"className":43,"code":4613,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4615,4616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4617,4618,4621,4623,4625,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4619,4620],{"class":64},"[",[50,4622,4326],{"class":1806},[50,4624,78],{"class":64},[50,4626,4627],{"class":1806}," False",[50,4629,78],{"class":64},[50,4631,4627],{"class":1806},[50,4633,78],{"class":64},[50,4635,1807],{"class":1806},[50,4637,78],{"class":64},[50,4639,4627],{"class":1806},[50,4641,98],{"class":64},[20,4643,4644,4645,4647],{},"This matters because ",[15,4646,4301],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[36,4649,4651],{"id":4650},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1112,4653,4655],{"id":4654},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[41,4657,4659],{"className":43,"code":4658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4660,4661,4681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4662,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673,4675,4677,4679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4664,302],{"class":56},[50,4666,61],{"class":60},[50,4668,65],{"class":64},[50,4670,309],{"class":111},[50,4672,78],{"class":64},[50,4674,314],{"class":111},[50,4676,78],{"class":64},[50,4678,319],{"class":111},[50,4680,98],{"class":64},[50,4682,4683,4685,4687,4689,4691,4693],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4684,366],{"class":151},[50,4686,155],{"class":64},[50,4688,4437],{"class":151},[50,4690,155],{"class":64},[50,4692,381],{"class":158},[50,4694,1077],{"class":64},[20,4696,189],{},[41,4698,4699],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4700,4701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4702,4703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4704,1962],{"class":1806},[20,4706,4707,4708,3121,4710,838],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4709,4301],{},[15,4711,4326],{},[1112,4713,4715],{"id":4714},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[41,4717,4719],{"className":43,"code":4718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4720,4721,4741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4722,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4724,302],{"class":56},[50,4726,61],{"class":60},[50,4728,65],{"class":64},[50,4730,309],{"class":111},[50,4732,78],{"class":64},[50,4734,4556],{"class":111},[50,4736,78],{"class":64},[50,4738,319],{"class":111},[50,4740,98],{"class":64},[50,4742,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4744,366],{"class":151},[50,4746,155],{"class":64},[50,4748,4437],{"class":151},[50,4750,155],{"class":64},[50,4752,381],{"class":158},[50,4754,1077],{"class":64},[20,4756,189],{},[41,4758,4759],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4760,4761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4762,4763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4764,1967],{"class":1806},[20,4766,4767,4768,4770,4771,3121,4773,838],{},"The value ",[15,4769,2842],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4772,4301],{},[15,4774,4396],{},[1112,4776,4778],{"id":4777},"example-strings","Example: strings",[41,4780,4782],{"className":43,"code":4781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4783,4784,4820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4785,4786,4789,4791,4793,4795,4798,4800,4802,4804,4807,4809,4811,4813,4816,4818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4787,4788],{"class":56},"words ",[50,4790,61],{"class":60},[50,4792,65],{"class":64},[50,4794,413],{"class":68},[50,4796,4797],{"class":72},"apple",[50,4799,413],{"class":68},[50,4801,78],{"class":64},[50,4803,408],{"class":68},[50,4805,4806],{"class":72},"banana",[50,4808,413],{"class":68},[50,4810,78],{"class":64},[50,4812,408],{"class":68},[50,4814,4815],{"class":72},"cherry",[50,4817,413],{"class":68},[50,4819,98],{"class":64},[50,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4833],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4823,366],{"class":151},[50,4825,155],{"class":64},[50,4827,4437],{"class":151},[50,4829,155],{"class":64},[50,4831,4832],{"class":158},"words",[50,4834,1077],{"class":64},[20,4836,189],{},[41,4838,4839],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4840,4841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4842,4843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4844,1962],{"class":1806},[20,4846,4847],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4849,4850],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[41,4852,4854],{"className":43,"code":4853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4855,4856,4884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4857,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4859,4788],{"class":56},[50,4861,61],{"class":60},[50,4863,65],{"class":64},[50,4865,413],{"class":68},[50,4867,4797],{"class":72},[50,4869,413],{"class":68},[50,4871,78],{"class":64},[50,4873,4561],{"class":68},[50,4875,78],{"class":64},[50,4877,408],{"class":68},[50,4879,4815],{"class":72},[50,4881,413],{"class":68},[50,4883,98],{"class":64},[50,4885,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4887,366],{"class":151},[50,4889,155],{"class":64},[50,4891,4437],{"class":151},[50,4893,155],{"class":64},[50,4895,4832],{"class":158},[50,4897,1077],{"class":64},[20,4899,189],{},[41,4901,4902],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4903,4904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4905,4906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4907,1967],{"class":1806},[20,4909,4910,4911,4913],{},"The empty string ",[15,4912,4496],{}," is falsy.",[36,4915,4917,4918,4920],{"id":4916},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4919,4301],{}," works with conditions",[20,4922,4923,4925],{},[15,4924,4301],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4927,4928],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4930,4931],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[41,4933,4935],{"className":43,"code":4934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4936,4937,4957,4985,4989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4938,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4940,302],{"class":56},[50,4942,61],{"class":60},[50,4944,65],{"class":64},[50,4946,309],{"class":111},[50,4948,78],{"class":64},[50,4950,314],{"class":111},[50,4952,78],{"class":64},[50,4954,319],{"class":111},[50,4956,98],{"class":64},[50,4958,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4983],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,4960,2954],{"class":56},[50,4962,61],{"class":60},[50,4964,4365],{"class":151},[50,4966,155],{"class":64},[50,4968,3747],{"class":158},[50,4970,4971],{"class":60},">",[50,4973,4556],{"class":111},[50,4975,4599],{"class":137},[50,4977,4602],{"class":158},[50,4979,148],{"class":137},[50,4981,4982],{"class":158}," numbers",[50,4984,186],{"class":64},[50,4986,4987],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,4988,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,4990,4991,4993,4995,4997],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,4992,366],{"class":151},[50,4994,155],{"class":64},[50,4996,2989],{"class":158},[50,4998,186],{"class":64},[20,5000,189],{},[41,5002,5003],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5004,5005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5006,5007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5008,1962],{"class":1806},[20,5010,5011],{},"Here is one that fails:",[41,5013,5015],{"className":43,"code":5014,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5016,5017,5039,5065,5069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5018,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5020,302],{"class":56},[50,5022,61],{"class":60},[50,5024,65],{"class":64},[50,5026,309],{"class":111},[50,5028,78],{"class":64},[50,5030,2946],{"class":60},[50,5032,422],{"class":111},[50,5034,78],{"class":64},[50,5036,319],{"class":111},[50,5038,98],{"class":64},[50,5040,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5042,2954],{"class":56},[50,5044,61],{"class":60},[50,5046,4365],{"class":151},[50,5048,155],{"class":64},[50,5050,3747],{"class":158},[50,5052,4971],{"class":60},[50,5054,4556],{"class":111},[50,5056,4599],{"class":137},[50,5058,4602],{"class":158},[50,5060,148],{"class":137},[50,5062,4982],{"class":158},[50,5064,186],{"class":64},[50,5066,5067],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,5068,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,5070,5071,5073,5075,5077],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,5072,366],{"class":151},[50,5074,155],{"class":64},[50,5076,2989],{"class":158},[50,5078,186],{"class":64},[20,5080,189],{},[41,5082,5083],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5084,5085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5086,5087],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5088,1967],{"class":1806},[20,5090,5091,5092,5095,5096,5098,5099,3121,5101,838],{},"The expression ",[15,5093,5094],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5097,4326],{},", then ",[15,5100,4301],{},[15,5102,4326],{},[20,5104,5105],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5107,5108,5109,827,5113,838],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[335,5110,5112],{"href":5111},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[335,5114,5116],{"href":5115},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[36,5118,5120],{"id":5119},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5122,5123,3121,5125,838],{},[15,5124,4323],{},[15,5126,4326],{},[20,5128,5129],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5131,2931],{},[41,5133,5135],{"className":43,"code":5134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5136,5137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5138,5139,5141,5143,5145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5140,366],{"class":151},[50,5142,155],{"class":64},[50,5144,4437],{"class":151},[50,5146,5147],{"class":64},"([]))\n",[20,5149,189],{},[41,5151,5152],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5153,5154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5155,5156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5157,1962],{"class":1806},[20,5159,5160],{},"Why?",[20,5162,5163],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5165,5166],{},"Think of it this way:",[233,5168,5169,5176,5179],{},[236,5170,5171,3121,5173,5175],{},[15,5172,4301],{},[15,5174,4396],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[236,5177,5178],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[236,5180,5181,5182],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5183,4396],{},[20,5185,5186],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5188,5189],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[41,5191,5193],{"className":43,"code":5192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5194,5195,5206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5196,5197,5199,5201,5203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5198,366],{"class":151},[50,5200,155],{"class":64},[50,5202,4437],{"class":151},[50,5204,5205],{"class":64},"(()))\n",[50,5207,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5209,366],{"class":151},[50,5211,155],{"class":64},[50,5213,4437],{"class":151},[50,5215,155],{"class":64},[50,5217,4496],{"class":68},[50,5219,1077],{"class":64},[20,5221,189],{},[41,5223,5225],{"className":43,"code":5224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5226,5227,5231],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5228,5229],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5230,1962],{"class":1806},[50,5232,5233],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5234,1962],{"class":1806},[36,5236,5238],{"id":5237},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1112,5240,5242],{"id":5241},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5244,5245],{},"This is wrong:",[41,5247,5249],{"className":43,"code":5248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5250,5251,5256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5252,5253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5254,5255],{"class":4385},"# Wrong\n",[50,5257,5258],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5259,5260],{"class":4385},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5262,5263,5265],{},[15,5264,4301],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5267,5268],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[41,5270,5272],{"className":43,"code":5271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5273,5274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5275,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5277,366],{"class":151},[50,5279,155],{"class":64},[50,5281,4437],{"class":151},[50,5283,2182],{"class":64},[50,5285,309],{"class":111},[50,5287,78],{"class":64},[50,5289,314],{"class":111},[50,5291,78],{"class":64},[50,5293,319],{"class":111},[50,5295,3721],{"class":64},[1112,5297,5299,5300,5302],{"id":5298},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5301,4301],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5304,5305],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[41,5307,5309],{"className":43,"code":5308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5310,5311,5332],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5312,5313,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5326,5328,5330],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5314,302],{"class":56},[50,5316,61],{"class":60},[50,5318,65],{"class":64},[50,5320,2859],{"class":111},[50,5322,78],{"class":64},[50,5324,5325],{"class":111}," 5",[50,5327,78],{"class":64},[50,5329,5325],{"class":111},[50,5331,98],{"class":64},[50,5333,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5335,366],{"class":151},[50,5337,155],{"class":64},[50,5339,4437],{"class":151},[50,5341,155],{"class":64},[50,5343,381],{"class":158},[50,5345,1077],{"class":64},[20,5347,5348,5349,5352],{},"This does ",[4465,5350,5351],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5354,5355,5356,5358],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5357,2859],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[41,5360,5361],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5362,5363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5364,5365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5366,1962],{"class":1806},[20,5368,5369],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[41,5371,5373],{"className":43,"code":5372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5374,5375,5395],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5376,5377,5379,5381,5383,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5378,302],{"class":56},[50,5380,61],{"class":60},[50,5382,65],{"class":64},[50,5384,2859],{"class":111},[50,5386,78],{"class":64},[50,5388,5325],{"class":111},[50,5390,78],{"class":64},[50,5392,5325],{"class":111},[50,5394,98],{"class":64},[50,5396,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5398,366],{"class":151},[50,5400,155],{"class":64},[50,5402,4437],{"class":151},[50,5404,155],{"class":64},[50,5406,3747],{"class":158},[50,5408,1945],{"class":60},[50,5410,5325],{"class":111},[50,5412,4599],{"class":137},[50,5414,4602],{"class":158},[50,5416,148],{"class":137},[50,5418,4982],{"class":158},[50,5420,1077],{"class":64},[1112,5422,5424,5425,5427],{"id":5423},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5426,2842],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[41,5429,5431],{"className":43,"code":5430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5432,5433,5459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5434,5435,5437,5439,5441,5443,5445,5447,5449,5451,5453,5456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5436,366],{"class":151},[50,5438,155],{"class":64},[50,5440,4437],{"class":151},[50,5442,2182],{"class":64},[50,5444,309],{"class":111},[50,5446,78],{"class":64},[50,5448,314],{"class":111},[50,5450,78],{"class":64},[50,5452,4556],{"class":111},[50,5454,5455],{"class":64},"]))",[50,5457,5458],{"class":4385},"       # False\n",[50,5460,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5462,366],{"class":151},[50,5464,155],{"class":64},[50,5466,4437],{"class":151},[50,5468,2182],{"class":64},[50,5470,413],{"class":68},[50,5472,335],{"class":72},[50,5474,413],{"class":68},[50,5476,78],{"class":64},[50,5478,408],{"class":68},[50,5480,344],{"class":72},[50,5482,413],{"class":68},[50,5484,78],{"class":64},[50,5486,4561],{"class":68},[50,5488,5455],{"class":64},[50,5490,5491],{"class":4385},"  # False\n",[20,5493,5494,5495,838],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5496,4396],{},[1112,5498,5500,5501,5503,5504],{"id":5499},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5502,4323],{}," is ",[15,5505,4326],{},[20,5507,5508],{},"This is expected behavior:",[41,5510,5512],{"className":43,"code":5511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5513,5514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5515,5516,5518,5520,5522,5525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5517,366],{"class":151},[50,5519,155],{"class":64},[50,5521,4437],{"class":151},[50,5523,5524],{"class":64},"([]))",[50,5526,4386],{"class":4385},[20,5528,5529,5530,5532],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5531,4326],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5534,5535],{},"Useful quick tests:",[41,5537,5539],{"className":43,"code":5538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5540,5541,5563,5585,5632,5668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5542,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5544,366],{"class":151},[50,5546,155],{"class":64},[50,5548,4437],{"class":151},[50,5550,2182],{"class":64},[50,5552,309],{"class":111},[50,5554,78],{"class":64},[50,5556,314],{"class":111},[50,5558,78],{"class":64},[50,5560,319],{"class":111},[50,5562,3721],{"class":64},[50,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575,5577,5579,5581,5583],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5566,366],{"class":151},[50,5568,155],{"class":64},[50,5570,4437],{"class":151},[50,5572,2182],{"class":64},[50,5574,309],{"class":111},[50,5576,78],{"class":64},[50,5578,4556],{"class":111},[50,5580,78],{"class":64},[50,5582,319],{"class":111},[50,5584,3721],{"class":64},[50,5586,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601,5603,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,5588,366],{"class":151},[50,5590,2182],{"class":64},[50,5592,4590],{"class":371},[50,5594,155],{"class":64},[50,5596,2896],{"class":158},[50,5598,4382],{"class":64},[50,5600,4599],{"class":137},[50,5602,4602],{"class":158},[50,5604,148],{"class":137},[50,5606,65],{"class":64},[50,5608,309],{"class":111},[50,5610,78],{"class":64},[50,5612,4556],{"class":111},[50,5614,78],{"class":64},[50,5616,4561],{"class":68},[50,5618,78],{"class":64},[50,5620,408],{"class":68},[50,5622,4568],{"class":72},[50,5624,413],{"class":68},[50,5626,78],{"class":64},[50,5628,4575],{"class":1806},[50,5630,5631],{"class":64},"]])\n",[50,5633,5634,5636,5638,5640,5642,5644,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,5635,366],{"class":151},[50,5637,155],{"class":64},[50,5639,4437],{"class":151},[50,5641,155],{"class":64},[50,5643,3747],{"class":158},[50,5645,4971],{"class":60},[50,5647,4556],{"class":111},[50,5649,4599],{"class":137},[50,5651,4602],{"class":158},[50,5653,148],{"class":137},[50,5655,65],{"class":64},[50,5657,309],{"class":111},[50,5659,78],{"class":64},[50,5661,314],{"class":111},[50,5663,78],{"class":64},[50,5665,319],{"class":111},[50,5667,3721],{"class":64},[50,5669,5670,5672,5674,5676],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,5671,366],{"class":151},[50,5673,155],{"class":64},[50,5675,4437],{"class":151},[50,5677,5147],{"class":64},[36,5679,5681,5682],{"id":5680},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5683,4301],{},[20,5685,5686,5688],{},[15,5687,4301],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5690,5691],{},"Common use cases:",[233,5693,5694,5697,5700],{},[236,5695,5696],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[236,5698,5699],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[236,5701,5702],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5704,5705],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[41,5707,5709],{"className":43,"code":5708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5710,5711,5746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5724,5726,5728,5730,5733,5735,5737,5739,5742,5744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5714,57],{"class":56},[50,5716,61],{"class":60},[50,5718,65],{"class":64},[50,5720,413],{"class":68},[50,5722,5723],{"class":72},"Alice",[50,5725,413],{"class":68},[50,5727,78],{"class":64},[50,5729,408],{"class":68},[50,5731,5732],{"class":72},"Bob",[50,5734,413],{"class":68},[50,5736,78],{"class":64},[50,5738,408],{"class":68},[50,5740,5741],{"class":72},"Charlie",[50,5743,413],{"class":68},[50,5745,98],{"class":64},[50,5747,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5749,366],{"class":151},[50,5751,155],{"class":64},[50,5753,4437],{"class":151},[50,5755,155],{"class":64},[50,5757,159],{"class":158},[50,5759,1077],{"class":64},[20,5761,189],{},[41,5763,5764],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5765,5766],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5767,5768],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5769,1962],{"class":1806},[20,5771,5772],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[41,5774,5776],{"className":43,"code":5775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5777,5778,5801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5779,5780,5782,5784,5786,5789,5791,5794,5796,5799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5781,104],{"class":56},[50,5783,61],{"class":60},[50,5785,65],{"class":64},[50,5787,5788],{"class":111},"75",[50,5790,78],{"class":64},[50,5792,5793],{"class":111}," 80",[50,5795,78],{"class":64},[50,5797,5798],{"class":111}," 50",[50,5800,98],{"class":64},[50,5802,5803,5805,5807,5809,5811,5814,5817,5819,5821,5823,5825,5827],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,5804,366],{"class":151},[50,5806,155],{"class":64},[50,5808,4437],{"class":151},[50,5810,155],{"class":64},[50,5812,5813],{"class":158},"score ",[50,5815,5816],{"class":60},">=",[50,5818,5798],{"class":111},[50,5820,4599],{"class":137},[50,5822,145],{"class":158},[50,5824,148],{"class":137},[50,5826,164],{"class":158},[50,5828,1077],{"class":64},[20,5830,189],{},[41,5832,5833],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5834,5835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5836,5837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5838,1962],{"class":1806},[20,5840,5841],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5843,5844,5845,827,5849,838],{},"For related tasks, see ",[335,5846,5848],{"href":5847},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[335,5850,1612],{"href":5851},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[36,5853,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,5855,2559,5857,2562],{"id":5856},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5858,4301],{},[20,5860,5861,5862,5864,5865,5867],{},"It returns ",[15,5863,4326],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5866,4396],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1112,5869,5871,5872,5874,5875,2582],{"id":5870},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5873,4323],{}," return ",[15,5876,4326],{},[20,5878,5879],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1112,5881,5883,5884,5886],{"id":5882},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5885,4301],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5888,5889],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1112,5891,5893,5894,827,5896,2582],{"id":5892},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5895,4301],{},[15,5897,5898],{},"any()",[20,5900,5901,5903,5904,5906,5907,838],{},[15,5902,4301],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5905,5898],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[335,5908,13,5910,2551],{"href":5909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5911,5898],{},[36,5913,2610],{"id":2609},[233,5915,5916,5922,5926,5930,5935,5940],{},[236,5917,5918],{},[335,5919,13,5920,2551],{"href":5909},[15,5921,5898],{},[236,5923,5924],{},[335,5925,4530],{"href":4529},[236,5927,5928],{},[335,5929,2628],{"href":5851},[236,5931,5932],{},[335,5933,5934],{"href":5847},"How to filter a list in Python",[236,5936,5937],{},[335,5938,5939],{"href":5111},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[236,5941,5942],{},[335,5943,5944],{"href":5115},"What is an iterable in Python",[2640,5946,5947],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":5949},[5950,5951,5953,5954,5959,5961,5962,5971,5973,5983],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":4399,"depth":101,"text":5952},"What all() does",{"id":4450,"depth":101,"text":4451},{"id":4650,"depth":101,"text":4651,"children":5955},[5956,5957,5958],{"id":4654,"depth":127,"text":4655},{"id":4714,"depth":127,"text":4715},{"id":4777,"depth":127,"text":4778},{"id":4916,"depth":101,"text":5960},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5119,"depth":101,"text":5120},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":5963},[5964,5965,5967,5969],{"id":5241,"depth":127,"text":5242},{"id":5298,"depth":127,"text":5966},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5423,"depth":127,"text":5968},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5499,"depth":127,"text":5970},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5680,"depth":101,"text":5972},"When to use all()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":5974},[5975,5977,5979,5981],{"id":5856,"depth":127,"text":5976},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5870,"depth":127,"text":5978},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5882,"depth":127,"text":5980},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5892,"depth":127,"text":5982},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4293,"description":5984},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5991,"title":5992,"body":5993,"description":7681,"extension":2687,"meta":7682,"navigation":130,"path":5909,"seo":7683,"stem":7684,"__hash__":7685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5994,"toc":7659},[5995,5998,6006,6009,6026,6034,6078,6087,6091,6096,6099,6116,6119,6130,6142,6146,6149,6164,6169,6172,6184,6187,6272,6275,6296,6301,6303,6311,6325,6327,6361,6363,6366,6427,6429,6446,6449,6476,6478,6486,6498,6502,6505,6544,6546,6554,6556,6572,6580,6583,6626,6628,6636,6641,6645,6653,6656,6681,6684,6687,6761,6763,6771,6778,6802,6813,6816,6895,6897,6905,6912,6916,6921,6936,6938,6946,6949,6955,6958,7004,7006,7023,7027,7032,7043,7046,7159,7162,7221,7227,7229,7234,7238,7240,7259,7265,7268,7287,7291,7300,7327,7329,7337,7345,7349,7355,7378,7380,7388,7395,7399,7402,7453,7456,7507,7510,7512,7516,7523,7527,7534,7538,7546,7550,7553,7575,7577,7627,7629,7656],[10,5996,5992],{"id":5997},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5999,6000,6002,6003,838],{},[15,6001,5898],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[4465,6004,6005],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,6007,6008],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[233,6010,6011,6014,6017,6020,6023],{},[236,6012,6013],{},"lists",[236,6015,6016],{},"tuples",[236,6018,6019],{},"sets",[236,6021,6022],{},"strings",[236,6024,6025],{},"generator expressions",[20,6027,6028,6029,3602,6031,6033],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,6030,4326],{},[15,6032,4396],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[41,6035,6037],{"className":43,"code":6036,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,6038,6039,6059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6040,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055,6057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6042,1321],{"class":56},[50,6044,61],{"class":60},[50,6046,65],{"class":64},[50,6048,2842],{"class":111},[50,6050,78],{"class":64},[50,6052,4561],{"class":68},[50,6054,78],{"class":64},[50,6056,5325],{"class":111},[50,6058,98],{"class":64},[50,6060,6061,6063,6065,6068,6070,6073,6076],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6062,366],{"class":151},[50,6064,155],{"class":64},[50,6066,6067],{"class":151},"any",[50,6069,155],{"class":64},[50,6071,6072],{"class":158},"values",[50,6074,6075],{"class":64},"))",[50,6077,4386],{"class":4385},[20,6079,221,6080,6083,6084,6086],{},[15,6081,6082],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6085,4326],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[36,6088,6090],{"id":6089},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6092,6093,6095],{},[15,6094,5898],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6097,6098],{},"It returns:",[233,6100,6101,6106,6111],{},[236,6102,6103,6105],{},[15,6104,4326],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[236,6107,6108,6110],{},[15,6109,4396],{}," if all items are falsy",[236,6112,6113,6115],{},[15,6114,4396],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6117,6118],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[233,6120,6121,6124,6127],{},[236,6122,6123],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[236,6125,6126],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[236,6128,6129],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6131,6132,6133,6136,6137,838],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[4465,6134,6135],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[335,6138,6140],{"href":6139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6141,4301],{},[36,6143,6145],{"id":6144},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6147,6148],{},"The syntax is simple:",[41,6150,6152],{"className":43,"code":6151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6153,6154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6155,6156,6158,6160,6162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6157,6067],{"class":151},[50,6159,155],{"class":64},[50,6161,4442],{"class":158},[50,6163,186],{"class":64},[20,6165,6166,6167,838],{},"The argument must be an ",[4465,6168,4442],{},[20,6170,6171],{},"Common inputs include:",[233,6173,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182],{},[236,6175,6013],{},[236,6177,6016],{},[236,6179,6019],{},[236,6181,6022],{},[236,6183,6025],{},[20,6185,6186],{},"For example:",[41,6188,6190],{"className":43,"code":6189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6191,6192,6215,6234,6254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6193,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6195,366],{"class":151},[50,6197,155],{"class":64},[50,6199,6067],{"class":151},[50,6201,2182],{"class":64},[50,6203,2842],{"class":111},[50,6205,78],{"class":64},[50,6207,4556],{"class":111},[50,6209,78],{"class":64},[50,6211,6212],{"class":111}," 1",[50,6214,3721],{"class":64},[50,6216,6217,6219,6221,6223,6226,6228,6230,6232],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6218,366],{"class":151},[50,6220,155],{"class":64},[50,6222,6067],{"class":151},[50,6224,6225],{"class":64},"((",[50,6227,4396],{"class":1806},[50,6229,78],{"class":64},[50,6231,4627],{"class":1806},[50,6233,389],{"class":64},[50,6235,6236,6238,6240,6242,6245,6247,6249,6251],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6237,366],{"class":151},[50,6239,155],{"class":64},[50,6241,6067],{"class":151},[50,6243,6244],{"class":64},"({",[50,6246,2842],{"class":111},[50,6248,78],{"class":64},[50,6250,314],{"class":111},[50,6252,6253],{"class":64},"}))\n",[50,6255,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,6257,366],{"class":151},[50,6259,155],{"class":64},[50,6261,6067],{"class":151},[50,6263,155],{"class":64},[50,6265,69],{"class":68},[50,6267,4568],{"class":72},[50,6269,69],{"class":68},[50,6271,1077],{"class":64},[20,6273,6274],{},"Expected output:",[41,6276,6278],{"className":43,"code":6277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6279,6280,6284,6288,6292],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6281,6282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6283,1962],{"class":1806},[50,6285,6286],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6287,1967],{"class":1806},[50,6289,6290],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6291,1962],{"class":1806},[50,6293,6294],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,6295,1962],{"class":1806},[20,6297,6298,6299,838],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[335,6300,1612],{"href":1611},[36,6302,4451],{"id":4450},[20,6304,4454,6305,3602,6308,4459],{},[4465,6306,6307],{},"truthy",[4465,6309,6310],{},"falsy",[233,6312,6313,6319],{},[236,6314,6315,4468,6317],{},[4465,6316,4467],{},[15,6318,4326],{},[236,6320,6321,4468,6323],{},[4465,6322,4475],{},[15,6324,4396],{},[20,6326,4480],{},[233,6328,6329,6333,6337,6341,6345,6349,6353,6357],{},[236,6330,6331],{},[15,6332,4396],{},[236,6334,6335],{},[15,6336,2842],{},[236,6338,6339],{},[15,6340,4491],{},[236,6342,6343],{},[15,6344,4496],{},[236,6346,6347],{},[15,6348,4510],{},[236,6350,6351],{},[15,6352,4515],{},[236,6354,6355],{},[15,6356,4520],{},[236,6358,6359],{},[15,6360,4501],{},[20,6362,4523],{},[20,6364,6365],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[41,6367,6369],{"className":43,"code":6368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6370,6371,6385,6403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6372,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6374,366],{"class":151},[50,6376,155],{"class":64},[50,6378,6067],{"class":151},[50,6380,2182],{"class":64},[50,6382,309],{"class":111},[50,6384,3721],{"class":64},[50,6386,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6388,366],{"class":151},[50,6390,155],{"class":64},[50,6392,6067],{"class":151},[50,6394,2182],{"class":64},[50,6396,413],{"class":68},[50,6398,4568],{"class":72},[50,6400,413],{"class":68},[50,6402,3721],{"class":64},[50,6404,6405,6407,6409,6411,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6406,366],{"class":151},[50,6408,155],{"class":64},[50,6410,6067],{"class":151},[50,6412,6413],{"class":64},"([[",[50,6415,309],{"class":111},[50,6417,78],{"class":64},[50,6419,314],{"class":111},[50,6421,78],{"class":64},[50,6423,319],{"class":111},[50,6425,6426],{"class":64},"]]))\n",[20,6428,6274],{},[41,6430,6432],{"className":43,"code":6431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6433,6434,6438,6442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6435,6436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6437,1962],{"class":1806},[50,6439,6440],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6441,1962],{"class":1806},[50,6443,6444],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6445,1962],{"class":1806},[20,6447,6448],{},"And these are all falsy:",[41,6450,6452],{"className":43,"code":6451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6453,6454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6455,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6457,366],{"class":151},[50,6459,155],{"class":64},[50,6461,6067],{"class":151},[50,6463,2182],{"class":64},[50,6465,2842],{"class":111},[50,6467,78],{"class":64},[50,6469,4561],{"class":68},[50,6471,78],{"class":64},[50,6473,4575],{"class":1806},[50,6475,3721],{"class":64},[20,6477,6274],{},[41,6479,6480],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6481,6482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6483,6484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6485,1967],{"class":1806},[20,6487,6488,6489,827,6492,838],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[335,6490,4530],{"href":6491},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[335,6493,6495,6497],{"href":6494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6496,4536],{}," explained",[36,6499,6501],{"id":6500},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6503,6504],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[41,6506,6508],{"className":43,"code":6507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6509,6510,6530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6511,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6513,1321],{"class":56},[50,6515,61],{"class":60},[50,6517,65],{"class":64},[50,6519,2842],{"class":111},[50,6521,78],{"class":64},[50,6523,4561],{"class":68},[50,6525,78],{"class":64},[50,6527,5325],{"class":111},[50,6529,98],{"class":64},[50,6531,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6533,366],{"class":151},[50,6535,155],{"class":64},[50,6537,6067],{"class":151},[50,6539,155],{"class":64},[50,6541,6072],{"class":158},[50,6543,1077],{"class":64},[20,6545,189],{},[41,6547,6548],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6549,6550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6551,6552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6553,1962],{"class":1806},[20,6555,5160],{},[233,6557,6558,6563,6567],{},[236,6559,6560,6562],{},[15,6561,2842],{}," is falsy",[236,6564,6565,6562],{},[15,6566,4496],{},[236,6568,6569,6571],{},[15,6570,2859],{}," is truthy",[20,6573,6574,6575,3121,6578,838],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6576,6577],{},"any(values)",[15,6579,4326],{},[20,6581,6582],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[41,6584,6586],{"className":43,"code":6585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6587,6588,6612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6589,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6591,1321],{"class":56},[50,6593,61],{"class":60},[50,6595,65],{"class":64},[50,6597,2842],{"class":111},[50,6599,78],{"class":64},[50,6601,4561],{"class":68},[50,6603,78],{"class":64},[50,6605,4575],{"class":1806},[50,6607,78],{"class":64},[50,6609,4627],{"class":1806},[50,6611,98],{"class":64},[50,6613,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6615,366],{"class":151},[50,6617,155],{"class":64},[50,6619,6067],{"class":151},[50,6621,155],{"class":64},[50,6623,6072],{"class":158},[50,6625,1077],{"class":64},[20,6627,189],{},[41,6629,6630],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6631,6632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6633,6634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6635,1967],{"class":1806},[20,6637,6638,6639,838],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6640,4396],{},[36,6642,6644],{"id":6643},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6646,6647,6649,6650,838],{},[15,6648,5898],{}," is often used with a ",[4465,6651,6652],{},"generator expression",[20,6654,6655],{},"This is a common pattern:",[41,6657,6659],{"className":43,"code":6658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6660,6661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6662,6663,6665,6667,6670,6672,6674,6676,6679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6664,6067],{"class":151},[50,6666,155],{"class":64},[50,6668,6669],{"class":158},"condition ",[50,6671,33],{"class":137},[50,6673,2221],{"class":158},[50,6675,148],{"class":137},[50,6677,6678],{"class":158}," items",[50,6680,186],{"class":64},[20,6682,6683],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6685,6686],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[41,6688,6690],{"className":43,"code":6689,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6691,6692,6720,6724,6751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6693,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715,6718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6695,302],{"class":56},[50,6697,61],{"class":60},[50,6699,65],{"class":64},[50,6701,1089],{"class":111},[50,6703,78],{"class":64},[50,6705,6706],{"class":111}," 7",[50,6708,78],{"class":64},[50,6710,2946],{"class":60},[50,6712,422],{"class":111},[50,6714,78],{"class":64},[50,6716,6717],{"class":111}," 10",[50,6719,98],{"class":64},[50,6721,6722],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6723,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,6725,6726,6728,6730,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6727,2954],{"class":56},[50,6729,61],{"class":60},[50,6731,6732],{"class":151}," any",[50,6734,155],{"class":64},[50,6736,3747],{"class":158},[50,6738,4014],{"class":60},[50,6740,4556],{"class":111},[50,6742,4599],{"class":137},[50,6744,4602],{"class":158},[50,6746,148],{"class":137},[50,6748,4982],{"class":158},[50,6750,186],{"class":64},[50,6752,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,6754,366],{"class":151},[50,6756,155],{"class":64},[50,6758,2989],{"class":158},[50,6760,186],{"class":64},[20,6762,189],{},[41,6764,6765],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6766,6767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6768,6769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6770,1962],{"class":1806},[20,6772,6773,6774,6777],{},"This works because ",[15,6775,6776],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[233,6779,6780,6788,6795],{},[236,6781,6782,6785,6786],{},[15,6783,6784],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6787,4396],{},[236,6789,6790,6785,6793],{},[15,6791,6792],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6794,4396],{},[236,6796,6797,6785,6800],{},[15,6798,6799],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6801,4326],{},[20,6803,6804,6805,6807,6808,6810,6811,838],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6806,4326],{}," result, ",[15,6809,5898],{}," can return ",[15,6812,4326],{},[20,6814,6815],{},"Here is another example:",[41,6817,6819],{"className":43,"code":6818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6820,6821,6850,6854,6884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6822,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6824,4788],{"class":56},[50,6826,61],{"class":60},[50,6828,65],{"class":64},[50,6830,69],{"class":68},[50,6832,4797],{"class":72},[50,6834,69],{"class":68},[50,6836,78],{"class":64},[50,6838,6839],{"class":68}," \"\"",[50,6841,78],{"class":64},[50,6843,81],{"class":68},[50,6845,4806],{"class":72},[50,6847,69],{"class":68},[50,6849,98],{"class":64},[50,6851,6852],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6853,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,6855,6856,6859,6861,6863,6865,6868,6870,6872,6874,6877,6879,6882],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6857,6858],{"class":56},"has_empty_string ",[50,6860,61],{"class":60},[50,6862,6732],{"class":151},[50,6864,155],{"class":64},[50,6866,6867],{"class":158},"word ",[50,6869,1945],{"class":60},[50,6871,6839],{"class":68},[50,6873,4599],{"class":137},[50,6875,6876],{"class":158}," word ",[50,6878,148],{"class":137},[50,6880,6881],{"class":158}," words",[50,6883,186],{"class":64},[50,6885,6886,6888,6890,6893],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,6887,366],{"class":151},[50,6889,155],{"class":64},[50,6891,6892],{"class":158},"has_empty_string",[50,6894,186],{"class":64},[20,6896,189],{},[41,6898,6899],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6900,6901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6902,6903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6904,1962],{"class":1806},[20,6906,6907,6908,838],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[335,6909,6911],{"href":6910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6913,6915],{"id":6914},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6917,6918,6919,1408],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6920,4396],{},[41,6922,6924],{"className":43,"code":6923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6925,6926],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6927,6928,6930,6932,6934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6929,366],{"class":151},[50,6931,155],{"class":64},[50,6933,6067],{"class":151},[50,6935,5147],{"class":64},[20,6937,189],{},[41,6939,6940],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6941,6942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6943,6944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6945,1967],{"class":1806},[20,6947,6948],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6950,6951,6952,6954],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6953,5898],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6956,6957],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[41,6959,6961],{"className":43,"code":6960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6962,6963,6973,6988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6964,6965,6967,6969,6971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6966,366],{"class":151},[50,6968,155],{"class":64},[50,6970,6067],{"class":151},[50,6972,5205],{"class":64},[50,6974,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6986],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,6976,366],{"class":151},[50,6978,155],{"class":64},[50,6980,6067],{"class":151},[50,6982,155],{"class":64},[50,6984,6985],{"class":68},"\"\"",[50,6987,1077],{"class":64},[50,6989,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7001],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,6991,366],{"class":151},[50,6993,155],{"class":64},[50,6995,6067],{"class":151},[50,6997,155],{"class":64},[50,6999,7000],{"class":371},"set",[50,7002,7003],{"class":64},"()))\n",[20,7005,189],{},[41,7007,7009],{"className":43,"code":7008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7010,7011,7015,7019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7012,7013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7014,1967],{"class":1806},[50,7016,7017],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7018,1967],{"class":1806},[50,7020,7021],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,7022,1967],{"class":1806},[36,7024,7026],{"id":7025},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,7028,221,7029,7031],{},[15,7030,5898],{}," when you want to:",[233,7033,7034,7037,7040],{},[236,7035,7036],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[236,7038,7039],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[236,7041,7042],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,7044,7045],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[41,7047,7049],{"className":43,"code":7048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,7050,7051,7076,7080,7090,7094,7107,7126,7136,7142,7147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7052,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7054,302],{"class":56},[50,7056,61],{"class":60},[50,7058,65],{"class":64},[50,7060,309],{"class":111},[50,7062,78],{"class":64},[50,7064,319],{"class":111},[50,7066,78],{"class":64},[50,7068,5325],{"class":111},[50,7070,78],{"class":64},[50,7072,7073],{"class":111}," 8",[50,7075,98],{"class":64},[50,7077,7078],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7079,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,7081,7082,7085,7087],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,7083,7084],{"class":56},"found_even ",[50,7086,61],{"class":60},[50,7088,7089],{"class":1806}," False\n",[50,7091,7092],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,7093,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,7095,7096,7098,7101,7103,7105],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,7097,33],{"class":137},[50,7099,7100],{"class":56}," number ",[50,7102,148],{"class":137},[50,7104,4982],{"class":56},[50,7106,2229],{"class":64},[50,7108,7109,7112,7114,7117,7119,7122,7124],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,7110,7111],{"class":137},"    if",[50,7113,7100],{"class":56},[50,7115,7116],{"class":60},"%",[50,7118,314],{"class":111},[50,7120,7121],{"class":60}," ==",[50,7123,4556],{"class":111},[50,7125,2229],{"class":64},[50,7127,7128,7131,7133],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,7129,7130],{"class":56},"        found_even ",[50,7132,61],{"class":60},[50,7134,7135],{"class":1806}," True\n",[50,7137,7139],{"class":52,"line":7138},8,[50,7140,7141],{"class":137},"        break\n",[50,7143,7145],{"class":52,"line":7144},9,[50,7146,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,7148,7150,7152,7154,7157],{"class":52,"line":7149},10,[50,7151,366],{"class":151},[50,7153,155],{"class":64},[50,7155,7156],{"class":158},"found_even",[50,7158,186],{"class":64},[20,7160,7161],{},"You can write:",[41,7163,7165],{"className":43,"code":7164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7166,7167,7191],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7168,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7170,302],{"class":56},[50,7172,61],{"class":60},[50,7174,65],{"class":64},[50,7176,309],{"class":111},[50,7178,78],{"class":64},[50,7180,319],{"class":111},[50,7182,78],{"class":64},[50,7184,5325],{"class":111},[50,7186,78],{"class":64},[50,7188,7073],{"class":111},[50,7190,98],{"class":64},[50,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7194,366],{"class":151},[50,7196,155],{"class":64},[50,7198,6067],{"class":151},[50,7200,155],{"class":64},[50,7202,2941],{"class":158},[50,7204,7116],{"class":60},[50,7206,314],{"class":111},[50,7208,7121],{"class":60},[50,7210,4556],{"class":111},[50,7212,4599],{"class":137},[50,7214,7100],{"class":158},[50,7216,148],{"class":137},[50,7218,4982],{"class":158},[50,7220,1077],{"class":64},[20,7222,7223,7224,7226],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7225,5898],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[36,7228,5238],{"id":5237},[20,7230,7231,7232,838],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7233,5898],{},[1112,7235,7237],{"id":7236},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7239,5245],{},[41,7241,7243],{"className":43,"code":7242,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7244,7245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7246,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7248,366],{"class":151},[50,7250,155],{"class":64},[50,7252,6067],{"class":151},[50,7254,155],{"class":64},[50,7256,2859],{"class":111},[50,7258,1077],{"class":64},[20,7260,7261,7262,7264],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7263,2859],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7266,7267],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[41,7269,7271],{"className":43,"code":7270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7272,7273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7276,366],{"class":151},[50,7278,155],{"class":64},[50,7280,6067],{"class":151},[50,7282,2182],{"class":64},[50,7284,2859],{"class":111},[50,7286,3721],{"class":64},[1112,7288,7290],{"id":7289},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7292,7293,7295,7296,7299],{},[15,7294,5898],{}," needs only ",[4465,7297,7298],{},"one"," truthy item.",[41,7301,7303],{"className":43,"code":7302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7304,7305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7306,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323,7325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7308,366],{"class":151},[50,7310,155],{"class":64},[50,7312,6067],{"class":151},[50,7314,2182],{"class":64},[50,7316,4396],{"class":1806},[50,7318,78],{"class":64},[50,7320,4627],{"class":1806},[50,7322,78],{"class":64},[50,7324,1807],{"class":1806},[50,7326,3721],{"class":64},[20,7328,189],{},[41,7330,7331],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7332,7333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7334,7335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7336,1962],{"class":1806},[20,7338,7339,7340,7344],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[335,7341,7342],{"href":6139},[15,7343,4301],{}," instead.",[1112,7346,7348],{"id":7347},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7350,7351,7352,838],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7353,7354],{},"\"True\"",[41,7356,7358],{"className":43,"code":7357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7359,7360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7363,366],{"class":151},[50,7365,155],{"class":64},[50,7367,6067],{"class":151},[50,7369,2182],{"class":64},[50,7371,69],{"class":68},[50,7373,4396],{"class":72},[50,7375,69],{"class":68},[50,7377,3721],{"class":64},[20,7379,189],{},[41,7381,7382],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7383,7384],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7385,7386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7387,1962],{"class":1806},[20,7389,7390,7391,7394],{},"That is because ",[15,7392,7393],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1112,7396,7398],{"id":7397},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7400,7401],{},"This works:",[41,7403,7405],{"className":43,"code":7404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7406,7407,7427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7408,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7410,302],{"class":56},[50,7412,61],{"class":60},[50,7414,65],{"class":64},[50,7416,309],{"class":111},[50,7418,78],{"class":64},[50,7420,314],{"class":111},[50,7422,78],{"class":64},[50,7424,319],{"class":111},[50,7426,98],{"class":64},[50,7428,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7430,366],{"class":151},[50,7432,155],{"class":64},[50,7434,6067],{"class":151},[50,7436,2182],{"class":64},[50,7438,3747],{"class":158},[50,7440,4971],{"class":60},[50,7442,314],{"class":111},[50,7444,4599],{"class":137},[50,7446,4602],{"class":158},[50,7448,148],{"class":137},[50,7450,4982],{"class":158},[50,7452,3721],{"class":64},[20,7454,7455],{},"But this is usually better:",[41,7457,7459],{"className":43,"code":7458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7460,7461,7481],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7462,7463,7465,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7464,302],{"class":56},[50,7466,61],{"class":60},[50,7468,65],{"class":64},[50,7470,309],{"class":111},[50,7472,78],{"class":64},[50,7474,314],{"class":111},[50,7476,78],{"class":64},[50,7478,319],{"class":111},[50,7480,98],{"class":64},[50,7482,7483,7485,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7505],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7484,366],{"class":151},[50,7486,155],{"class":64},[50,7488,6067],{"class":151},[50,7490,155],{"class":64},[50,7492,3747],{"class":158},[50,7494,4971],{"class":60},[50,7496,314],{"class":111},[50,7498,4599],{"class":137},[50,7500,4602],{"class":158},[50,7502,148],{"class":137},[50,7504,4982],{"class":158},[50,7506,1077],{"class":64},[20,7508,7509],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[36,7511,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,7513,7515],{"id":7514},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7517,5861,7518,7520,7521,838],{},[15,7519,4326],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7522,4396],{},[1112,7524,7526],{"id":7525},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7528,7529,3121,7531,7533],{},[15,7530,5898],{},[15,7532,4396],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1112,7535,7537],{"id":7536},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7539,7540,7542,7543,7545],{},[15,7541,5898],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7544,4301],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1112,7547,7549],{"id":7548},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7551,7552],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[41,7554,7555],{"className":43,"code":6658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7556,7557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7558,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7560,6067],{"class":151},[50,7562,155],{"class":64},[50,7564,6669],{"class":158},[50,7566,33],{"class":137},[50,7568,2221],{"class":158},[50,7570,148],{"class":137},[50,7572,6678],{"class":158},[50,7574,186],{"class":64},[20,7576,6186],{},[41,7578,7579],{"className":43,"code":7458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7580,7581,7601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7582,7583,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7584,302],{"class":56},[50,7586,61],{"class":60},[50,7588,65],{"class":64},[50,7590,309],{"class":111},[50,7592,78],{"class":64},[50,7594,314],{"class":111},[50,7596,78],{"class":64},[50,7598,319],{"class":111},[50,7600,98],{"class":64},[50,7602,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621,7623,7625],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7604,366],{"class":151},[50,7606,155],{"class":64},[50,7608,6067],{"class":151},[50,7610,155],{"class":64},[50,7612,3747],{"class":158},[50,7614,4971],{"class":60},[50,7616,314],{"class":111},[50,7618,4599],{"class":137},[50,7620,4602],{"class":158},[50,7622,148],{"class":137},[50,7624,4982],{"class":158},[50,7626,1077],{"class":64},[36,7628,2610],{"id":2609},[233,7630,7631,7637,7641,7645,7650],{},[236,7632,7633],{},[335,7634,7635,2551],{"href":6139},[15,7636,4301],{},[236,7638,7639],{},[335,7640,4530],{"href":6491},[236,7642,7643],{},[335,7644,2628],{"href":1611},[236,7646,7647],{},[335,7648,7649],{"href":6910},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[236,7651,7652],{},[335,7653,7654,2551],{"href":6494},[15,7655,4536],{},[2640,7657,7658],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":7660},[7661,7662,7663,7664,7665,7666,7667,7668,7674,7680],{"id":6089,"depth":101,"text":6090},{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145},{"id":4450,"depth":101,"text":4451},{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":6643,"depth":101,"text":6644},{"id":6914,"depth":101,"text":6915},{"id":7025,"depth":101,"text":7026},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":7669},[7670,7671,7672,7673],{"id":7236,"depth":127,"text":7237},{"id":7289,"depth":127,"text":7290},{"id":7347,"depth":127,"text":7348},{"id":7397,"depth":127,"text":7398},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":7675},[7676,7677,7678,7679],{"id":7514,"depth":127,"text":7515},{"id":7525,"depth":127,"text":7526},{"id":7536,"depth":127,"text":7537},{"id":7548,"depth":127,"text":7549},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5992,"description":7681},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7687,"title":7688,"body":7689,"description":9816,"extension":2687,"meta":9817,"navigation":130,"path":9818,"seo":9819,"stem":9820,"__hash__":9821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7690,"toc":9779},[7691,7694,7703,7713,7715,7812,7814,7843,7859,7863,7868,7871,7881,7887,7893,7909,7911,7919,7926,7930,7932,7947,7952,7970,7975,7977,8025,8027,8044,8048,8054,8057,8092,8094,8200,8202,8239,8243,8251,8253,8273,8275,8395,8397,8426,8429,8452,8454,8462,8470,8474,8480,8484,8525,8527,8535,8538,8566,8568,8576,8580,8609,8611,8619,8651,8653,8661,8665,8716,8718,8726,8734,8738,8741,8793,8795,8815,8822,8826,8832,8835,8843,8865,8867,8875,8883,8906,8908,8916,8921,8926,8938,8940,8981,8992,8996,9005,9008,9011,9069,9072,9124,9127,9132,9148,9154,9156,9161,9169,9172,9194,9196,9204,9209,9212,9247,9249,9257,9261,9266,9304,9316,9319,9374,9382,9386,9389,9411,9420,9423,9464,9466,9489,9495,9501,9516,9518,9538,9541,9560,9562,9581,9585,9591,9670,9673,9687,9694,9696,9700,9707,9711,9715,9719,9724,9728,9733,9737,9744,9746,9776],[10,7692,7688],{"id":7693},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7695,2704,7696,7698,7699,3602,7701,838],{},[15,7697,4536],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7700,4326],{},[15,7702,4396],{},[20,7704,7705,7706,7708,7709,7712],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7707,4536],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7710,7711],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[36,7714,4331],{"id":4330},[41,7716,7718],{"className":43,"code":7717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7719,7720,7734,7748,7762,7780,7790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7721,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7723,366],{"class":151},[50,7725,155],{"class":64},[50,7727,4590],{"class":371},[50,7729,155],{"class":64},[50,7731,2842],{"class":111},[50,7733,1077],{"class":64},[50,7735,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7737,366],{"class":151},[50,7739,155],{"class":64},[50,7741,4590],{"class":371},[50,7743,155],{"class":64},[50,7745,309],{"class":111},[50,7747,1077],{"class":64},[50,7749,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,7751,366],{"class":151},[50,7753,155],{"class":64},[50,7755,4590],{"class":371},[50,7757,155],{"class":64},[50,7759,6985],{"class":68},[50,7761,1077],{"class":64},[50,7763,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,7765,366],{"class":151},[50,7767,155],{"class":64},[50,7769,4590],{"class":371},[50,7771,155],{"class":64},[50,7773,69],{"class":68},[50,7775,4568],{"class":72},[50,7777,69],{"class":68},[50,7779,1077],{"class":64},[50,7781,7782,7784,7786,7788],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,7783,366],{"class":151},[50,7785,155],{"class":64},[50,7787,4590],{"class":371},[50,7789,5147],{"class":64},[50,7791,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808,7810],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,7793,366],{"class":151},[50,7795,155],{"class":64},[50,7797,4590],{"class":371},[50,7799,2182],{"class":64},[50,7801,309],{"class":111},[50,7803,78],{"class":64},[50,7805,314],{"class":111},[50,7807,78],{"class":64},[50,7809,319],{"class":111},[50,7811,3721],{"class":64},[20,7813,6274],{},[41,7815,7817],{"className":43,"code":7816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7818,7819,7823,7827,7831,7835,7839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7820,7821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7822,1967],{"class":1806},[50,7824,7825],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7826,1962],{"class":1806},[50,7828,7829],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,7830,1967],{"class":1806},[50,7832,7833],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,7834,1962],{"class":1806},[50,7836,7837],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,7838,1967],{"class":1806},[50,7840,7841],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,7842,1962],{"class":1806},[20,7844,221,7845,7848,7849,3602,7851,7853,7854,7856,7857,838],{},[15,7846,7847],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7850,4326],{},[15,7852,4396],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7855,4396],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7858,4326],{},[36,7860,7862],{"id":7861},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7864,7865,7867],{},[15,7866,4536],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7869,7870],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[233,7872,7873,7877],{},[236,7874,7875],{},[15,7876,4326],{},[236,7878,7879],{},[15,7880,4396],{},[20,7882,7883,7884,7886],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7885,7711],{}," statements.",[20,7888,7889,7890,7892],{},"You can also call ",[15,7891,4536],{}," with no argument:",[41,7894,7896],{"className":43,"code":7895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool())\n",[15,7897,7898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7899,7900,7902,7904,7906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7901,366],{"class":151},[50,7903,155],{"class":64},[50,7905,4590],{"class":371},[50,7907,7908],{"class":64},"())\n",[20,7910,189],{},[41,7912,7913],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7914,7915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7916,7917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7918,1967],{"class":1806},[20,7920,7921,7922,838],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[335,7923,7925],{"href":7924},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[36,7927,7929],{"id":7928},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7931,259],{},[41,7933,7935],{"className":43,"code":7934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bool(value)\n",[15,7936,7937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7938,7939,7941,7943,7945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7940,4590],{"class":371},[50,7942,155],{"class":64},[50,7944,3197],{"class":158},[50,7946,186],{"class":64},[20,7948,2704,7949,7951],{},[15,7950,3197],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[233,7953,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7965,7967],{},[236,7955,381],{},[236,7957,6022],{},[236,7959,6013],{},[236,7961,6016],{},[236,7963,7964],{},"dictionaries",[236,7966,6019],{},[236,7968,7969],{},"other objects",[20,7971,7972,7973,838],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7974,4396],{},[20,7976,2931],{},[41,7978,7980],{"className":43,"code":7979,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7981,7982,7996,8015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7983,7984,7986,7988,7990,7992,7994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7985,366],{"class":151},[50,7987,155],{"class":64},[50,7989,4590],{"class":371},[50,7991,155],{"class":64},[50,7993,1868],{"class":111},[50,7995,1077],{"class":64},[50,7997,7998,8000,8002,8004,8006,8008,8011,8013],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,7999,366],{"class":151},[50,8001,155],{"class":64},[50,8003,4590],{"class":371},[50,8005,155],{"class":64},[50,8007,69],{"class":68},[50,8009,8010],{"class":72},"Python",[50,8012,69],{"class":68},[50,8014,1077],{"class":64},[50,8016,8017,8019,8021,8023],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8018,366],{"class":151},[50,8020,155],{"class":64},[50,8022,4590],{"class":371},[50,8024,7908],{"class":64},[20,8026,189],{},[41,8028,8030],{"className":43,"code":8029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,8031,8032,8036,8040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8033,8034],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8035,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8037,8038],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8039,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8041,8042],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8043,1967],{"class":1806},[36,8045,8047],{"id":8046},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,8049,8050,8051,8053],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[4465,8052,6310],{}," values.",[20,8055,8056],{},"Common examples:",[233,8058,8059,8063,8067,8071,8075,8080,8084,8088],{},[236,8060,8061],{},[15,8062,2842],{},[236,8064,8065],{},[15,8066,4491],{},[236,8068,8069],{},[15,8070,6985],{},[236,8072,8073],{},[15,8074,4510],{},[236,8076,8077],{},[15,8078,8079],{},"()",[236,8081,8082],{},[15,8083,4515],{},[236,8085,8086],{},[15,8087,4520],{},[236,8089,8090],{},[15,8091,4501],{},[20,8093,2931],{},[41,8095,8097],{"className":43,"code":8096,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8098,8099,8113,8127,8141,8151,8161,8172,8186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8100,8101,8103,8105,8107,8109,8111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8102,366],{"class":151},[50,8104,155],{"class":64},[50,8106,4590],{"class":371},[50,8108,155],{"class":64},[50,8110,2842],{"class":111},[50,8112,1077],{"class":64},[50,8114,8115,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8116,366],{"class":151},[50,8118,155],{"class":64},[50,8120,4590],{"class":371},[50,8122,155],{"class":64},[50,8124,4491],{"class":111},[50,8126,1077],{"class":64},[50,8128,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8130,366],{"class":151},[50,8132,155],{"class":64},[50,8134,4590],{"class":371},[50,8136,155],{"class":64},[50,8138,6985],{"class":68},[50,8140,1077],{"class":64},[50,8142,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8144,366],{"class":151},[50,8146,155],{"class":64},[50,8148,4590],{"class":371},[50,8150,5147],{"class":64},[50,8152,8153,8155,8157,8159],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,8154,366],{"class":151},[50,8156,155],{"class":64},[50,8158,4590],{"class":371},[50,8160,5205],{"class":64},[50,8162,8163,8165,8167,8169],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,8164,366],{"class":151},[50,8166,155],{"class":64},[50,8168,4590],{"class":371},[50,8170,8171],{"class":64},"({}))\n",[50,8173,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,8175,366],{"class":151},[50,8177,155],{"class":64},[50,8179,4590],{"class":371},[50,8181,155],{"class":64},[50,8183,7000],{"class":371},[50,8185,7003],{"class":64},[50,8187,8188,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,8189,366],{"class":151},[50,8191,155],{"class":64},[50,8193,4590],{"class":371},[50,8195,155],{"class":64},[50,8197,4501],{"class":1806},[50,8199,1077],{"class":64},[20,8201,189],{},[41,8203,8205],{"className":43,"code":8204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8206,8207,8211,8215,8219,8223,8227,8231,8235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8208,8209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8210,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8212,8213],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8214,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8216,8217],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8218,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8220,8221],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8222,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8224,8225],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,8226,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8228,8229],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,8230,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8232,8233],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,8234,1967],{"class":1806},[50,8236,8237],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,8238,1967],{"class":1806},[36,8240,8242],{"id":8241},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8244,8245,8246,8248,8249,8053],{},"Many values become ",[15,8247,4326],{},". These are often called ",[4465,8250,6307],{},[20,8252,8056],{},[233,8254,8255,8258,8261,8264,8267,8270],{},[236,8256,8257],{},"non-zero numbers",[236,8259,8260],{},"non-empty strings",[236,8262,8263],{},"non-empty lists",[236,8265,8266],{},"non-empty tuples",[236,8268,8269],{},"non-empty sets",[236,8271,8272],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8274,2931],{},[41,8276,8278],{"className":43,"code":8277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8279,8280,8294,8310,8328,8350,8368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8281,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8283,366],{"class":151},[50,8285,155],{"class":64},[50,8287,4590],{"class":371},[50,8289,155],{"class":64},[50,8291,2859],{"class":111},[50,8293,1077],{"class":64},[50,8295,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8297,366],{"class":151},[50,8299,155],{"class":64},[50,8301,4590],{"class":371},[50,8303,155],{"class":64},[50,8305,2746],{"class":60},[50,8307,422],{"class":111},[50,8309,1077],{"class":64},[50,8311,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8313,366],{"class":151},[50,8315,155],{"class":64},[50,8317,4590],{"class":371},[50,8319,155],{"class":64},[50,8321,69],{"class":68},[50,8323,4568],{"class":72},[50,8325,69],{"class":68},[50,8327,1077],{"class":64},[50,8329,8330,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8331,366],{"class":151},[50,8333,155],{"class":64},[50,8335,4590],{"class":371},[50,8337,2182],{"class":64},[50,8339,309],{"class":111},[50,8341,78],{"class":64},[50,8343,314],{"class":111},[50,8345,78],{"class":64},[50,8347,319],{"class":111},[50,8349,3721],{"class":64},[50,8351,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,8353,366],{"class":151},[50,8355,155],{"class":64},[50,8357,4590],{"class":371},[50,8359,6225],{"class":64},[50,8361,309],{"class":111},[50,8363,78],{"class":64},[50,8365,314],{"class":111},[50,8367,389],{"class":64},[50,8369,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8391,8393],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,8371,366],{"class":151},[50,8373,155],{"class":64},[50,8375,4590],{"class":371},[50,8377,6244],{"class":64},[50,8379,69],{"class":68},[50,8381,178],{"class":72},[50,8383,69],{"class":68},[50,8385,1408],{"class":64},[50,8387,81],{"class":68},[50,8389,8390],{"class":72},"Sam",[50,8392,69],{"class":68},[50,8394,6253],{"class":64},[20,8396,189],{},[41,8398,8400],{"className":43,"code":8399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8401,8402,8406,8410,8414,8418,8422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8403,8404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8405,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8407,8408],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8409,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8411,8412],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8413,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8415,8416],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8417,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8419,8420],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,8421,1962],{"class":1806},[50,8423,8424],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,8425,1962],{"class":1806},[20,8427,8428],{},"One important example is this:",[41,8430,8432],{"className":43,"code":8431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8433,8434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8435,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8437,366],{"class":151},[50,8439,155],{"class":64},[50,8441,4590],{"class":371},[50,8443,155],{"class":64},[50,8445,69],{"class":68},[50,8447,4396],{"class":72},[50,8449,69],{"class":68},[50,8451,1077],{"class":64},[20,8453,189],{},[41,8455,8456],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8457,8458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8459,8460],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8461,1962],{"class":1806},[20,8463,8464,8465,8467,8468,838],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8466,7393],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8469,4326],{},[36,8471,8473],{"id":8472},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8475,8476,8477,8479],{},"You can use ",[15,8478,4536],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1112,8481,8483],{"id":8482},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[41,8485,8487],{"className":43,"code":8486,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8488,8489,8510],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8490,8491,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506,8508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8492,8493],{"class":56},"items ",[50,8495,61],{"class":60},[50,8497,65],{"class":64},[50,8499,1868],{"class":111},[50,8501,78],{"class":64},[50,8503,1873],{"class":111},[50,8505,78],{"class":64},[50,8507,1878],{"class":111},[50,8509,98],{"class":64},[50,8511,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520,8523],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8513,366],{"class":151},[50,8515,155],{"class":64},[50,8517,4590],{"class":371},[50,8519,155],{"class":64},[50,8521,8522],{"class":158},"items",[50,8524,1077],{"class":64},[20,8526,189],{},[41,8528,8529],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8530,8531],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8532,8533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8534,1962],{"class":1806},[20,8536,8537],{},"With an empty list:",[41,8539,8541],{"className":43,"code":8540,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8542,8543,8552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8544,8545,8547,8549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8546,8493],{"class":56},[50,8548,61],{"class":60},[50,8550,8551],{"class":64}," []\n",[50,8553,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8564],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8555,366],{"class":151},[50,8557,155],{"class":64},[50,8559,4590],{"class":371},[50,8561,155],{"class":64},[50,8563,8522],{"class":158},[50,8565,1077],{"class":64},[20,8567,189],{},[41,8569,8570],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8571,8572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8573,8574],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8575,1967],{"class":1806},[1112,8577,8579],{"id":8578},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[41,8581,8583],{"className":43,"code":8582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8584,8585,8595],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8586,8587,8590,8592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8588,8589],{"class":56},"name ",[50,8591,61],{"class":60},[50,8593,8594],{"class":68}," \"\"\n",[50,8596,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8598,366],{"class":151},[50,8600,155],{"class":64},[50,8602,4590],{"class":371},[50,8604,155],{"class":64},[50,8606,178],{"class":158},[50,8608,1077],{"class":64},[20,8610,189],{},[41,8612,8613],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8614,8615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8616,8617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8618,1967],{"class":1806},[41,8620,8622],{"className":43,"code":8621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8623,8624,8637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8625,8626,8628,8630,8632,8635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8627,8589],{"class":56},[50,8629,61],{"class":60},[50,8631,81],{"class":68},[50,8633,8634],{"class":72},"Mia",[50,8636,4082],{"class":68},[50,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8640,366],{"class":151},[50,8642,155],{"class":64},[50,8644,4590],{"class":371},[50,8646,155],{"class":64},[50,8648,178],{"class":158},[50,8650,1077],{"class":64},[20,8652,189],{},[41,8654,8655],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8656,8657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8658,8659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8660,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,8662,8664],{"id":8663},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[41,8666,8668],{"className":43,"code":8667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8669,8670,8684,8701,8705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8671,8672,8675,8677,8679,8682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8673,8674],{"class":56},"username ",[50,8676,61],{"class":60},[50,8678,81],{"class":68},[50,8680,8681],{"class":72},"alex",[50,8683,4082],{"class":68},[50,8685,8686,8689,8691,8694,8696,8699],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8687,8688],{"class":56},"has_name ",[50,8690,61],{"class":60},[50,8692,8693],{"class":371}," bool",[50,8695,155],{"class":64},[50,8697,8698],{"class":158},"username",[50,8700,186],{"class":64},[50,8702,8703],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8704,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,8706,8707,8709,8711,8714],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8708,366],{"class":151},[50,8710,155],{"class":64},[50,8712,8713],{"class":158},"has_name",[50,8715,186],{"class":64},[20,8717,189],{},[41,8719,8720],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8721,8722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8723,8724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8725,1962],{"class":1806},[20,8727,8728,8729,3602,8731,8733],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8730,4326],{},[15,8732,4396],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1112,8735,8737],{"id":8736},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8739,8740],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[41,8742,8744],{"className":43,"code":8743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8745,8746,8766,8770,8778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8747,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8749,302],{"class":56},[50,8751,61],{"class":60},[50,8753,65],{"class":64},[50,8755,309],{"class":111},[50,8757,78],{"class":64},[50,8759,314],{"class":111},[50,8761,78],{"class":64},[50,8763,319],{"class":111},[50,8765,98],{"class":64},[50,8767,8768],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8769,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,8771,8772,8774,8776],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,8773,7711],{"class":137},[50,8775,4982],{"class":56},[50,8777,2229],{"class":64},[50,8779,8780,8782,8784,8786,8789,8791],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,8781,173],{"class":151},[50,8783,155],{"class":64},[50,8785,69],{"class":68},[50,8787,8788],{"class":72},"The list is not empty",[50,8790,69],{"class":68},[50,8792,186],{"class":64},[20,8794,189],{},[41,8796,8798],{"className":43,"code":8797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8799,8800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8801,8802,8804,8806,8809,8812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8803,2704],{"class":56},[50,8805,372],{"class":371},[50,8807,8808],{"class":60}," is",[50,8810,8811],{"class":60}," not",[50,8813,8814],{"class":56}," empty\n",[20,8816,8817,8818,838],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[335,8819,8821],{"href":8820},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[36,8823,8825],{"id":8824},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8827,8828,8829,8831],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8830,4536],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8833,8834],{},"It does not do that.",[1112,8836,8838,3121,8841],{"id":8837},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8839,8840],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8842,4326],{},[41,8844,8845],{"className":43,"code":8431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8846,8847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8848,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8850,366],{"class":151},[50,8852,155],{"class":64},[50,8854,4590],{"class":371},[50,8856,155],{"class":64},[50,8858,69],{"class":68},[50,8860,4396],{"class":72},[50,8862,69],{"class":68},[50,8864,1077],{"class":64},[20,8866,189],{},[41,8868,8869],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8870,8871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8872,8873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8874,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,8876,8878,3121,8881],{"id":8877},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8879,8880],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8882,4326],{},[41,8884,8886],{"className":43,"code":8885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8887,8888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8889,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8891,366],{"class":151},[50,8893,155],{"class":64},[50,8895,4590],{"class":371},[50,8897,155],{"class":64},[50,8899,69],{"class":68},[50,8901,2842],{"class":72},[50,8903,69],{"class":68},[50,8905,1077],{"class":64},[20,8907,189],{},[41,8909,8910],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8911,8912],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8913,8914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8915,1962],{"class":1806},[20,8917,8918,8919,838],{},"This happens because both values are ",[4465,8920,8260],{},[20,8922,8923,8925],{},[15,8924,4536],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8927,8928,8929,8934,8935,8937],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[335,8930,8932],{"href":8931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8933,3681],{},", because ",[15,8936,3681],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8939,2931],{},[41,8941,8943],{"className":43,"code":8942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8944,8945,8966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8946,8947,8950,8952,8955,8957,8959,8962,8964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8948,8949],{"class":56},"user_value ",[50,8951,61],{"class":60},[50,8953,8954],{"class":151}," input",[50,8956,155],{"class":64},[50,8958,69],{"class":68},[50,8960,8961],{"class":72},"Enter True or False: ",[50,8963,69],{"class":68},[50,8965,186],{"class":64},[50,8967,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8979],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,8969,366],{"class":151},[50,8971,155],{"class":64},[50,8973,4590],{"class":371},[50,8975,155],{"class":64},[50,8977,8978],{"class":158},"user_value",[50,8980,1077],{"class":64},[20,8982,8983,8984,8986,8987,8934,8989,8991],{},"If the user types ",[15,8985,4396],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8988,4326],{},[15,8990,7393],{}," is not empty.",[36,8993,8995],{"id":8994},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8997,8998,8999,9001,9002,9004],{},"In many ",[15,9000,7711],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,9003,4536],{}," yourself.",[20,9006,9007],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,9009,9010],{},"Instead of this:",[41,9012,9014],{"className":43,"code":9013,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9015,9016,9037,9041,9054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9017,9018,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031,9033,9035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9019,9020],{"class":56},"my_list ",[50,9022,61],{"class":60},[50,9024,65],{"class":64},[50,9026,309],{"class":111},[50,9028,78],{"class":64},[50,9030,314],{"class":111},[50,9032,78],{"class":64},[50,9034,319],{"class":111},[50,9036,98],{"class":64},[50,9038,9039],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9040,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,9042,9043,9045,9047,9049,9052],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,9044,7711],{"class":137},[50,9046,8693],{"class":371},[50,9048,155],{"class":64},[50,9050,9051],{"class":158},"my_list",[50,9053,167],{"class":64},[50,9055,9056,9058,9060,9062,9065,9067],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,9057,173],{"class":151},[50,9059,155],{"class":64},[50,9061,69],{"class":68},[50,9063,9064],{"class":72},"List has items",[50,9066,69],{"class":68},[50,9068,186],{"class":64},[20,9070,9071],{},"You can simply write:",[41,9073,9075],{"className":43,"code":9074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9076,9077,9097,9101,9110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9078,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9080,9020],{"class":56},[50,9082,61],{"class":60},[50,9084,65],{"class":64},[50,9086,309],{"class":111},[50,9088,78],{"class":64},[50,9090,314],{"class":111},[50,9092,78],{"class":64},[50,9094,319],{"class":111},[50,9096,98],{"class":64},[50,9098,9099],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9100,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,9102,9103,9105,9108],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,9104,7711],{"class":137},[50,9106,9107],{"class":56}," my_list",[50,9109,2229],{"class":64},[50,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,9113,173],{"class":151},[50,9115,155],{"class":64},[50,9117,69],{"class":68},[50,9119,9064],{"class":72},[50,9121,69],{"class":68},[50,9123,186],{"class":64},[20,9125,9126],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9128,2447,9129,9131],{},[15,9130,4536],{}," is still helpful when:",[233,9133,9134,9137,9145],{},[236,9135,9136],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[236,9138,9139,9140,3602,9142,9144],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9141,4326],{},[15,9143,4396],{}," value",[236,9146,9147],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9149,9150,9151,838],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[335,9152,9153],{"href":3023},"Python type() function explained",[36,9155,3553],{"id":3552},[20,9157,9158,9159,838],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9160,4536],{},[1112,9162,2120,9164,9166,9167],{"id":9163},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,9165,8840],{}," to return ",[15,9168,4396],{},[20,9170,9171],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[41,9173,9174],{"className":43,"code":8431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,9175,9176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9177,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9179,366],{"class":151},[50,9181,155],{"class":64},[50,9183,4590],{"class":371},[50,9185,155],{"class":64},[50,9187,69],{"class":68},[50,9189,4396],{"class":72},[50,9191,69],{"class":68},[50,9193,1077],{"class":64},[20,9195,189],{},[41,9197,9198],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,9199,9200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9201,9202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9203,1962],{"class":1806},[20,9205,9206,9207,7394],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9208,7393],{},[20,9210,9211],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[41,9213,9215],{"className":43,"code":9214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9216,9217,9229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9218,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9220,3171],{"class":56},[50,9222,61],{"class":60},[50,9224,81],{"class":68},[50,9226,4396],{"class":72},[50,9228,4082],{"class":68},[50,9230,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9232,366],{"class":151},[50,9234,155],{"class":64},[50,9236,3171],{"class":158},[50,9238,1945],{"class":60},[50,9240,81],{"class":68},[50,9242,4326],{"class":72},[50,9244,69],{"class":68},[50,9246,186],{"class":64},[20,9248,189],{},[41,9250,9251],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,9252,9253],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9254,9255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9256,1967],{"class":1806},[1112,9258,9260],{"id":9259},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9262,9263,9265],{},[15,9264,3681],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[41,9267,9269],{"className":43,"code":9268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9270,9271,9290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9272,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9286,9288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9274,3171],{"class":56},[50,9276,61],{"class":60},[50,9278,8954],{"class":151},[50,9280,155],{"class":64},[50,9282,69],{"class":68},[50,9284,9285],{"class":72},"Enter yes or no: ",[50,9287,69],{"class":68},[50,9289,186],{"class":64},[50,9291,9292,9294,9296,9298,9300,9302],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9293,366],{"class":151},[50,9295,155],{"class":64},[50,9297,4590],{"class":371},[50,9299,155],{"class":64},[50,9301,3197],{"class":158},[50,9303,1077],{"class":64},[20,9305,8983,9306,9309,9310,9312,9313,8991],{},[15,9307,9308],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9311,4326],{}," because ",[15,9314,9315],{},"\"no\"",[20,9317,9318],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[41,9320,9322],{"className":43,"code":9321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9323,9324,9355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9325,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9343,9346,9349,9352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9327,3171],{"class":56},[50,9329,61],{"class":60},[50,9331,8954],{"class":151},[50,9333,155],{"class":64},[50,9335,69],{"class":68},[50,9337,9285],{"class":72},[50,9339,69],{"class":68},[50,9341,9342],{"class":64},").",[50,9344,9345],{"class":158},"strip",[50,9347,9348],{"class":64},"().",[50,9350,9351],{"class":158},"lower",[50,9353,9354],{"class":64},"()\n",[50,9356,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9370,9372],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9358,366],{"class":151},[50,9360,155],{"class":64},[50,9362,3171],{"class":158},[50,9364,1945],{"class":60},[50,9366,81],{"class":68},[50,9368,9369],{"class":72},"yes",[50,9371,69],{"class":68},[50,9373,186],{"class":64},[20,9375,9376,9377,9379,9380,838],{},"This gives ",[15,9378,4326],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9381,9369],{},[1112,9383,9385],{"id":9384},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9387,9388],{},"These are different:",[233,9390,9391,9395,9399,9403,9407],{},[236,9392,9393],{},[15,9394,4396],{},[236,9396,9397],{},[15,9398,2842],{},[236,9400,9401],{},[15,9402,6985],{},[236,9404,9405],{},[15,9406,4510],{},[236,9408,9409],{},[15,9410,4501],{},[20,9412,9413,9414,9416,9417,9419],{},"They all become ",[15,9415,4396],{}," with ",[15,9418,4536],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9421,9422],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[41,9424,9426],{"className":43,"code":9425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9427,9428,9436,9450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9429,9430,9432,9434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9431,3171],{"class":56},[50,9433,61],{"class":60},[50,9435,8551],{"class":64},[50,9437,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9439,366],{"class":151},[50,9441,155],{"class":64},[50,9443,3945],{"class":371},[50,9445,155],{"class":64},[50,9447,3197],{"class":158},[50,9449,1077],{"class":64},[50,9451,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,9453,366],{"class":151},[50,9455,155],{"class":64},[50,9457,4590],{"class":371},[50,9459,155],{"class":64},[50,9461,3197],{"class":158},[50,9463,1077],{"class":64},[20,9465,189],{},[41,9467,9469],{"className":43,"code":9468,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9470,9471,9485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9472,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9474,4014],{"class":60},[50,9476,4017],{"class":752},[50,9478,408],{"class":68},[50,9480,372],{"class":72},[50,9482,413],{"class":68},[50,9484,4026],{"class":60},[50,9486,9487],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9488,1967],{"class":1806},[1112,9490,2447,9492,9494],{"id":9491},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9493,4515],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9496,9497,9498,9500],{},"In Python, ",[15,9499,4515],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[41,9502,9504],{"className":43,"code":9503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9505,9506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9507,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9509,366],{"class":151},[50,9511,155],{"class":64},[50,9513,3945],{"class":371},[50,9515,8171],{"class":64},[20,9517,189],{},[41,9519,9521],{"className":43,"code":9520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9522,9523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9524,9525,9527,9529,9531,9534,9536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9526,4014],{"class":60},[50,9528,4017],{"class":752},[50,9530,408],{"class":68},[50,9532,9533],{"class":72},"dict",[50,9535,413],{"class":68},[50,9537,4026],{"class":60},[20,9539,9540],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[41,9542,9544],{"className":43,"code":9543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9545,9546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9547,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9549,366],{"class":151},[50,9551,155],{"class":64},[50,9553,3945],{"class":371},[50,9555,155],{"class":64},[50,9557,7000],{"class":371},[50,9559,7003],{"class":64},[20,9561,189],{},[41,9563,9565],{"className":43,"code":9564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9566,9567],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9568,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9570,4014],{"class":60},[50,9572,4017],{"class":752},[50,9574,408],{"class":68},[50,9576,7000],{"class":72},[50,9578,413],{"class":68},[50,9580,4026],{"class":60},[36,9582,9584],{"id":9583},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9586,9587,9588,9590],{},"If ",[15,9589,4536],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[41,9592,9594],{"className":43,"code":9593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9595,9596,9610,9624,9634,9652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9599,366],{"class":151},[50,9601,155],{"class":64},[50,9603,4590],{"class":371},[50,9605,155],{"class":64},[50,9607,3197],{"class":158},[50,9609,1077],{"class":64},[50,9611,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9613,366],{"class":151},[50,9615,155],{"class":64},[50,9617,3945],{"class":371},[50,9619,155],{"class":64},[50,9621,3197],{"class":158},[50,9623,1077],{"class":64},[50,9625,9626,9628,9630,9632],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,9627,366],{"class":151},[50,9629,155],{"class":64},[50,9631,3197],{"class":158},[50,9633,186],{"class":64},[50,9635,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,9637,366],{"class":151},[50,9639,155],{"class":64},[50,9641,3171],{"class":158},[50,9643,1945],{"class":60},[50,9645,81],{"class":68},[50,9647,4326],{"class":72},[50,9649,69],{"class":68},[50,9651,186],{"class":64},[50,9653,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,9655,366],{"class":151},[50,9657,155],{"class":64},[50,9659,3197],{"class":158},[50,9661,838],{"class":64},[50,9663,9345],{"class":158},[50,9665,9348],{"class":64},[50,9667,9351],{"class":158},[50,9669,7908],{"class":64},[20,9671,9672],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[233,9674,9675,9678,9681,9684],{},[236,9676,9677],{},"what the value really is",[236,9679,9680],{},"whether it is a string",[236,9682,9683],{},"whether it contains spaces",[236,9685,9686],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9688,9689,9690,838],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[335,9691,9693],{"href":9692},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,9695,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,9697,9699],{"id":9698},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9701,9702,9703,3602,9705,838],{},"It returns either ",[15,9704,4326],{},[15,9706,4396],{},[1112,9708,9710],{"id":9709},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9712,5861,9713,838],{},[15,9714,4396],{},[1112,9716,9718],{"id":9717},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9720,9721,9722,838],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9723,4326],{},[1112,9725,9727],{"id":9726},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9729,9730,9731,838],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9732,4396],{},[1112,9734,9736],{"id":9735},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9738,9739,9740,3602,9742,4459],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9741,4326],{},[15,9743,4396],{},[36,9745,2610],{"id":2609},[233,9747,9748,9753,9757,9762,9766,9771],{},[236,9749,9750],{},[335,9751,9752],{"href":6491},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[236,9754,9755],{},[335,9756,8821],{"href":8820},[236,9758,9759],{},[335,9760,9761],{"href":8931},"Python input() function explained",[236,9763,9764],{},[335,9765,9153],{"href":3023},[236,9767,9768],{},[335,9769,9770],{"href":9692},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[236,9772,9773],{},[335,9774,9775],{"href":7924},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2640,9777,9778],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":9780},[9781,9782,9783,9784,9785,9786,9792,9798,9799,9807,9808,9815],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":7861,"depth":101,"text":7862},{"id":7928,"depth":101,"text":7929},{"id":8046,"depth":101,"text":8047},{"id":8241,"depth":101,"text":8242},{"id":8472,"depth":101,"text":8473,"children":9787},[9788,9789,9790,9791],{"id":8482,"depth":127,"text":8483},{"id":8578,"depth":127,"text":8579},{"id":8663,"depth":127,"text":8664},{"id":8736,"depth":127,"text":8737},{"id":8824,"depth":101,"text":8825,"children":9793},[9794,9796],{"id":8837,"depth":127,"text":9795},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8877,"depth":127,"text":9797},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8994,"depth":101,"text":8995},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":9800},[9801,9803,9804,9805],{"id":9163,"depth":127,"text":9802},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9259,"depth":127,"text":9260},{"id":9384,"depth":127,"text":9385},{"id":9491,"depth":127,"text":9806},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9583,"depth":101,"text":9584},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":9809},[9810,9811,9812,9813,9814],{"id":9698,"depth":127,"text":9699},{"id":9709,"depth":127,"text":9710},{"id":9717,"depth":127,"text":9718},{"id":9726,"depth":127,"text":9727},{"id":9735,"depth":127,"text":9736},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7688,"description":9816},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9823,"title":9824,"body":9825,"description":12006,"extension":2687,"meta":12007,"navigation":130,"path":12008,"seo":12009,"stem":12010,"__hash__":12011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9826,"toc":11968},[9827,9833,9839,9846,9851,9862,9869,9970,9974,10039,10044,10049,10054,10057,10068,10073,10076,10087,10094,10096,10101,10105,10130,10134,10143,10147,10210,10214,10247,10251,10296,10300,10337,10341,10344,10400,10404,10449,10452,10457,10496,10500,10523,10526,10540,10553,10557,10562,10629,10633,10669,10672,10680,10683,10747,10751,10783,10789,10791,10851,10858,10861,10939,10943,10976,10980,10983,11027,11031,11067,11070,11087,11090,11093,11145,11148,11159,11166,11175,11178,11236,11240,11281,11289,11297,11303,11311,11323,11328,11339,11412,11415,11427,11443,11447,11452,11456,11458,11501,11507,11510,11573,11577,11580,11589,11594,11631,11635,11638,11646,11649,11688,11692,11695,11746,11750,11771,11778,11780,11786,11813,11816,11870,11873,11884,11886,11893,11901,11907,11912,11919,11922,11929,11936,11938,11965],[10,9828,13,9830,18],{"id":9829},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9831,9832],{},"dict()",[20,9834,9835,9836,9838],{},"The built-in ",[15,9837,9832],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9840,9841,9842,9845],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[4465,9843,9844],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9847,9848,9850],{},[15,9849,9832],{}," is commonly used to:",[233,9852,9853,9856,9859],{},[236,9854,9855],{},"create an empty dictionary",[236,9857,9858],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[236,9860,9861],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9863,9864,9865,838],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[335,9866,9868],{"href":9867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[41,9870,9872],{"className":43,"code":9871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9873,9874,9907,9917,9921,9956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9875,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9900,9902,9905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9877,1818],{"class":56},[50,9879,61],{"class":60},[50,9881,1361],{"class":371},[50,9883,155],{"class":64},[50,9885,178],{"class":9886},"s99_P",[50,9888,61],{"class":60},[50,9890,413],{"class":68},[50,9892,5723],{"class":72},[50,9894,413],{"class":68},[50,9896,78],{"class":64},[50,9898,9899],{"class":9886}," age",[50,9901,61],{"class":60},[50,9903,9904],{"class":111},"25",[50,9906,186],{"class":64},[50,9908,9909,9911,9913,9915],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,9910,366],{"class":151},[50,9912,155],{"class":64},[50,9914,1845],{"class":158},[50,9916,186],{"class":64},[50,9918,9919],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,9920,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,9922,9923,9925,9927,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,9924,1186],{"class":56},[50,9926,61],{"class":60},[50,9928,9929],{"class":64}," [(",[50,9931,413],{"class":68},[50,9933,335],{"class":72},[50,9935,413],{"class":68},[50,9937,78],{"class":64},[50,9939,6212],{"class":111},[50,9941,416],{"class":64},[50,9943,419],{"class":64},[50,9945,413],{"class":68},[50,9947,344],{"class":72},[50,9949,413],{"class":68},[50,9951,78],{"class":64},[50,9953,314],{"class":111},[50,9955,448],{"class":64},[50,9957,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,9959,366],{"class":151},[50,9961,155],{"class":64},[50,9963,9533],{"class":371},[50,9965,155],{"class":64},[50,9967,1214],{"class":158},[50,9969,1077],{"class":64},[20,9971,9972],{},[4465,9973,189],{},[41,9975,9977],{"className":43,"code":9976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9978,9979,10011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9980,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9982,758],{"class":64},[50,9984,413],{"class":68},[50,9986,178],{"class":72},[50,9988,413],{"class":68},[50,9990,1408],{"class":64},[50,9992,408],{"class":68},[50,9994,5723],{"class":72},[50,9996,413],{"class":68},[50,9998,78],{"class":64},[50,10000,408],{"class":68},[50,10002,1303],{"class":72},[50,10004,413],{"class":68},[50,10006,1408],{"class":64},[50,10008,1336],{"class":111},[50,10010,1445],{"class":64},[50,10012,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10014,758],{"class":64},[50,10016,413],{"class":68},[50,10018,335],{"class":72},[50,10020,413],{"class":68},[50,10022,1408],{"class":64},[50,10024,6212],{"class":111},[50,10026,78],{"class":64},[50,10028,408],{"class":68},[50,10030,344],{"class":72},[50,10032,413],{"class":68},[50,10034,1408],{"class":64},[50,10036,314],{"class":111},[50,10038,1445],{"class":64},[20,10040,221,10041,10043],{},[15,10042,9832],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[36,10045,228,10047,231],{"id":10046},"what-dict-does",[15,10048,9832],{},[20,10050,10051,10053],{},[15,10052,9832],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,10055,10056],{},"A dictionary:",[233,10058,10059,10062,10065],{},[236,10060,10061],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[236,10063,10064],{},"lets you look up values by key",[236,10066,10067],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10069,10070,10072],{},[15,10071,9832],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10074,10075],{},"Common uses include:",[233,10077,10078,10081,10084],{},[236,10079,10080],{},"making an empty dictionary",[236,10082,10083],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[236,10085,10086],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10088,10089,10090,838],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[335,10091,10093],{"href":10092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[36,10095,256],{"id":255},[20,10097,10098,10100],{},[15,10099,9832],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1112,10102,10104],{"id":10103},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[41,10106,10108],{"className":43,"code":10107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10109,10110,10120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10111,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10113,1818],{"class":56},[50,10115,61],{"class":60},[50,10117,1361],{"class":371},[50,10119,9354],{"class":64},[50,10121,10122,10124,10126,10128],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10123,366],{"class":151},[50,10125,155],{"class":64},[50,10127,1845],{"class":158},[50,10129,186],{"class":64},[20,10131,10132],{},[4465,10133,189],{},[41,10135,10137],{"className":43,"code":10136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n",[15,10138,10139],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10140,10141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10142,10136],{"class":64},[1112,10144,10146],{"id":10145},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[41,10148,10150],{"className":43,"code":10149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10151,10152,10186,10200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10153,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10155,1186],{"class":56},[50,10157,61],{"class":60},[50,10159,9929],{"class":64},[50,10161,413],{"class":68},[50,10163,335],{"class":72},[50,10165,413],{"class":68},[50,10167,78],{"class":64},[50,10169,6212],{"class":111},[50,10171,416],{"class":64},[50,10173,419],{"class":64},[50,10175,413],{"class":68},[50,10177,344],{"class":72},[50,10179,413],{"class":68},[50,10181,78],{"class":64},[50,10183,314],{"class":111},[50,10185,448],{"class":64},[50,10187,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10189,1818],{"class":56},[50,10191,61],{"class":60},[50,10193,1361],{"class":371},[50,10195,155],{"class":64},[50,10197,1214],{"class":158},[50,10199,186],{"class":64},[50,10201,10202,10204,10206,10208],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,10203,366],{"class":151},[50,10205,155],{"class":64},[50,10207,1845],{"class":158},[50,10209,186],{"class":64},[20,10211,10212],{},[4465,10213,189],{},[41,10215,10217],{"className":43,"code":10216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10218,10219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10220,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10222,758],{"class":64},[50,10224,413],{"class":68},[50,10226,335],{"class":72},[50,10228,413],{"class":68},[50,10230,1408],{"class":64},[50,10232,6212],{"class":111},[50,10234,78],{"class":64},[50,10236,408],{"class":68},[50,10238,344],{"class":72},[50,10240,413],{"class":68},[50,10242,1408],{"class":64},[50,10244,314],{"class":111},[50,10246,1445],{"class":64},[1112,10248,10250],{"id":10249},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[41,10252,10254],{"className":43,"code":10253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10255,10256,10286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10257,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10259,1818],{"class":56},[50,10261,61],{"class":60},[50,10263,1361],{"class":371},[50,10265,155],{"class":64},[50,10267,178],{"class":9886},[50,10269,61],{"class":60},[50,10271,413],{"class":68},[50,10273,5723],{"class":72},[50,10275,413],{"class":68},[50,10277,78],{"class":64},[50,10279,9899],{"class":9886},[50,10281,61],{"class":60},[50,10283,9904],{"class":111},[50,10285,186],{"class":64},[50,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10289,366],{"class":151},[50,10291,155],{"class":64},[50,10293,1845],{"class":158},[50,10295,186],{"class":64},[20,10297,10298],{},[4465,10299,189],{},[41,10301,10303],{"className":43,"code":10302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10304,10305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10306,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10308,758],{"class":64},[50,10310,413],{"class":68},[50,10312,178],{"class":72},[50,10314,413],{"class":68},[50,10316,1408],{"class":64},[50,10318,408],{"class":68},[50,10320,5723],{"class":72},[50,10322,413],{"class":68},[50,10324,78],{"class":64},[50,10326,408],{"class":68},[50,10328,1303],{"class":72},[50,10330,413],{"class":68},[50,10332,1408],{"class":64},[50,10334,1336],{"class":111},[50,10336,1445],{"class":64},[1112,10338,10340],{"id":10339},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10342,10343],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[41,10345,10347],{"className":43,"code":10346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10348,10349,10390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10350,10351,10353,10355,10357,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10384,10386,10388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10352,1818],{"class":56},[50,10354,61],{"class":60},[50,10356,1361],{"class":371},[50,10358,10359],{"class":64},"([(",[50,10361,413],{"class":68},[50,10363,335],{"class":72},[50,10365,413],{"class":68},[50,10367,78],{"class":64},[50,10369,6212],{"class":111},[50,10371,10372],{"class":64},")],",[50,10374,1948],{"class":9886},[50,10376,61],{"class":60},[50,10378,422],{"class":111},[50,10380,78],{"class":64},[50,10382,10383],{"class":9886}," c",[50,10385,61],{"class":60},[50,10387,437],{"class":111},[50,10389,186],{"class":64},[50,10391,10392,10394,10396,10398],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10393,366],{"class":151},[50,10395,155],{"class":64},[50,10397,1845],{"class":158},[50,10399,186],{"class":64},[20,10401,10402],{},[4465,10403,189],{},[41,10405,10407],{"className":43,"code":10406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10408,10409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10410,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10412,758],{"class":64},[50,10414,413],{"class":68},[50,10416,335],{"class":72},[50,10418,413],{"class":68},[50,10420,1408],{"class":64},[50,10422,6212],{"class":111},[50,10424,78],{"class":64},[50,10426,408],{"class":68},[50,10428,344],{"class":72},[50,10430,413],{"class":68},[50,10432,1408],{"class":64},[50,10434,314],{"class":111},[50,10436,78],{"class":64},[50,10438,408],{"class":68},[50,10440,353],{"class":72},[50,10442,413],{"class":68},[50,10444,1408],{"class":64},[50,10446,319],{"class":111},[50,10448,1445],{"class":64},[36,10450,10104],{"id":10451},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10453,221,10454,10456],{},[15,10455,9832],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[41,10458,10460],{"className":43,"code":10459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10461,10462,10472,10486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10463,10464,10466,10468,10470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10465,1818],{"class":56},[50,10467,61],{"class":60},[50,10469,1361],{"class":371},[50,10471,9354],{"class":64},[50,10473,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10475,366],{"class":151},[50,10477,155],{"class":64},[50,10479,3945],{"class":371},[50,10481,155],{"class":64},[50,10483,1845],{"class":158},[50,10485,1077],{"class":64},[50,10487,10488,10490,10492,10494],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,10489,366],{"class":151},[50,10491,155],{"class":64},[50,10493,1845],{"class":158},[50,10495,186],{"class":64},[20,10497,10498],{},[4465,10499,189],{},[41,10501,10503],{"className":43,"code":10502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10504,10505,10519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10506,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10508,4014],{"class":60},[50,10510,4017],{"class":752},[50,10512,408],{"class":68},[50,10514,9533],{"class":72},[50,10516,413],{"class":68},[50,10518,4026],{"class":60},[50,10520,10521],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10522,10136],{"class":64},[20,10524,10525],{},"This gives the same result as:",[41,10527,10529],{"className":43,"code":10528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n",[15,10530,10531],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10532,10533,10535,10537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10534,1818],{"class":56},[50,10536,61],{"class":60},[50,10538,10539],{"class":64}," {}\n",[20,10541,10542,10543,10545,10546,10549,10550,10552],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10544,4515],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10547,10548],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10551,9832],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[36,10554,10556],{"id":10555},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10558,10559,10560,838],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10561,9832],{},[41,10563,10565],{"className":43,"code":10564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10566,10567,10605,10619],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10568,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10570,1186],{"class":56},[50,10572,61],{"class":60},[50,10574,9929],{"class":64},[50,10576,413],{"class":68},[50,10578,178],{"class":72},[50,10580,413],{"class":68},[50,10582,78],{"class":64},[50,10584,408],{"class":68},[50,10586,5723],{"class":72},[50,10588,413],{"class":68},[50,10590,416],{"class":64},[50,10592,419],{"class":64},[50,10594,413],{"class":68},[50,10596,1303],{"class":72},[50,10598,413],{"class":68},[50,10600,78],{"class":64},[50,10602,1336],{"class":111},[50,10604,448],{"class":64},[50,10606,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10608,1818],{"class":56},[50,10610,61],{"class":60},[50,10612,1361],{"class":371},[50,10614,155],{"class":64},[50,10616,1214],{"class":158},[50,10618,186],{"class":64},[50,10620,10621,10623,10625,10627],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,10622,366],{"class":151},[50,10624,155],{"class":64},[50,10626,1845],{"class":158},[50,10628,186],{"class":64},[20,10630,10631],{},[4465,10632,189],{},[41,10634,10635],{"className":43,"code":10302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10636,10637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10638,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10640,758],{"class":64},[50,10642,413],{"class":68},[50,10644,178],{"class":72},[50,10646,413],{"class":68},[50,10648,1408],{"class":64},[50,10650,408],{"class":68},[50,10652,5723],{"class":72},[50,10654,413],{"class":68},[50,10656,78],{"class":64},[50,10658,408],{"class":68},[50,10660,1303],{"class":72},[50,10662,413],{"class":68},[50,10664,1408],{"class":64},[50,10666,1336],{"class":111},[50,10668,1445],{"class":64},[20,10670,10671],{},"Each pair becomes:",[233,10673,10674,10677],{},[236,10675,10676],{},"the first item as the key",[236,10678,10679],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10681,10682],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[41,10684,10686],{"className":43,"code":10685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10687,10688,10723,10737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10689,10690,10692,10694,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10691,1186],{"class":56},[50,10693,61],{"class":60},[50,10695,10696],{"class":64}," ((",[50,10698,413],{"class":68},[50,10700,335],{"class":72},[50,10702,413],{"class":68},[50,10704,78],{"class":64},[50,10706,6212],{"class":111},[50,10708,416],{"class":64},[50,10710,419],{"class":64},[50,10712,413],{"class":68},[50,10714,344],{"class":72},[50,10716,413],{"class":68},[50,10718,78],{"class":64},[50,10720,314],{"class":111},[50,10722,1077],{"class":64},[50,10724,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10726,1818],{"class":56},[50,10728,61],{"class":60},[50,10730,1361],{"class":371},[50,10732,155],{"class":64},[50,10734,1214],{"class":158},[50,10736,186],{"class":64},[50,10738,10739,10741,10743,10745],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,10740,366],{"class":151},[50,10742,155],{"class":64},[50,10744,1845],{"class":158},[50,10746,186],{"class":64},[20,10748,10749],{},[4465,10750,189],{},[41,10752,10753],{"className":43,"code":10216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10754,10755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10756,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10758,758],{"class":64},[50,10760,413],{"class":68},[50,10762,335],{"class":72},[50,10764,413],{"class":68},[50,10766,1408],{"class":64},[50,10768,6212],{"class":111},[50,10770,78],{"class":64},[50,10772,408],{"class":68},[50,10774,344],{"class":72},[50,10776,413],{"class":68},[50,10778,1408],{"class":64},[50,10780,314],{"class":111},[50,10782,1445],{"class":64},[20,10784,10785,10786,838],{},"Each item must contain ",[4465,10787,10788],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10790,3560],{},[41,10792,10794],{"className":43,"code":10793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10795,10796,10836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10797,10798,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10799,10800],{"class":56},"bad_data ",[50,10802,61],{"class":60},[50,10804,9929],{"class":64},[50,10806,413],{"class":68},[50,10808,335],{"class":72},[50,10810,413],{"class":68},[50,10812,78],{"class":64},[50,10814,6212],{"class":111},[50,10816,78],{"class":64},[50,10818,10819],{"class":111}," 100",[50,10821,416],{"class":64},[50,10823,419],{"class":64},[50,10825,413],{"class":68},[50,10827,344],{"class":72},[50,10829,413],{"class":68},[50,10831,78],{"class":64},[50,10833,314],{"class":111},[50,10835,448],{"class":64},[50,10837,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10849],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10839,2954],{"class":56},[50,10841,61],{"class":60},[50,10843,1361],{"class":371},[50,10845,155],{"class":64},[50,10847,10848],{"class":158},"bad_data",[50,10850,186],{"class":64},[20,10852,10853,10854,10857],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10855,10856],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10859,10860],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[41,10862,10864],{"className":43,"code":10863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10865,10866,10915,10929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10867,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10869,1186],{"class":56},[50,10871,61],{"class":60},[50,10873,9929],{"class":64},[50,10875,413],{"class":68},[50,10877,335],{"class":72},[50,10879,413],{"class":68},[50,10881,78],{"class":64},[50,10883,6212],{"class":111},[50,10885,416],{"class":64},[50,10887,419],{"class":64},[50,10889,413],{"class":68},[50,10891,335],{"class":72},[50,10893,413],{"class":68},[50,10895,78],{"class":64},[50,10897,10898],{"class":111}," 99",[50,10900,416],{"class":64},[50,10902,419],{"class":64},[50,10904,413],{"class":68},[50,10906,344],{"class":72},[50,10908,413],{"class":68},[50,10910,78],{"class":64},[50,10912,314],{"class":111},[50,10914,448],{"class":64},[50,10916,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,10918,1818],{"class":56},[50,10920,61],{"class":60},[50,10922,1361],{"class":371},[50,10924,155],{"class":64},[50,10926,1214],{"class":158},[50,10928,186],{"class":64},[50,10930,10931,10933,10935,10937],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,10932,366],{"class":151},[50,10934,155],{"class":64},[50,10936,1845],{"class":158},[50,10938,186],{"class":64},[20,10940,10941],{},[4465,10942,189],{},[41,10944,10946],{"className":43,"code":10945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10947,10948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10949,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10951,758],{"class":64},[50,10953,413],{"class":68},[50,10955,335],{"class":72},[50,10957,413],{"class":68},[50,10959,1408],{"class":64},[50,10961,10898],{"class":111},[50,10963,78],{"class":64},[50,10965,408],{"class":68},[50,10967,344],{"class":72},[50,10969,413],{"class":68},[50,10971,1408],{"class":64},[50,10973,314],{"class":111},[50,10975,1445],{"class":64},[36,10977,10979],{"id":10978},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10981,10982],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[41,10984,10985],{"className":43,"code":10253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10986,10987,11017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10988,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10990,1818],{"class":56},[50,10992,61],{"class":60},[50,10994,1361],{"class":371},[50,10996,155],{"class":64},[50,10998,178],{"class":9886},[50,11000,61],{"class":60},[50,11002,413],{"class":68},[50,11004,5723],{"class":72},[50,11006,413],{"class":68},[50,11008,78],{"class":64},[50,11010,9899],{"class":9886},[50,11012,61],{"class":60},[50,11014,9904],{"class":111},[50,11016,186],{"class":64},[50,11018,11019,11021,11023,11025],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11020,366],{"class":151},[50,11022,155],{"class":64},[50,11024,1845],{"class":158},[50,11026,186],{"class":64},[20,11028,11029],{},[4465,11030,189],{},[41,11032,11033],{"className":43,"code":10302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11034,11035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11036,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11038,758],{"class":64},[50,11040,413],{"class":68},[50,11042,178],{"class":72},[50,11044,413],{"class":68},[50,11046,1408],{"class":64},[50,11048,408],{"class":68},[50,11050,5723],{"class":72},[50,11052,413],{"class":68},[50,11054,78],{"class":64},[50,11056,408],{"class":68},[50,11058,1303],{"class":72},[50,11060,413],{"class":68},[50,11062,1408],{"class":64},[50,11064,1336],{"class":111},[50,11066,1445],{"class":64},[20,11068,11069],{},"In this form:",[233,11071,11072,11080],{},[236,11073,11074,11076,11077],{},[15,11075,178],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11078,11079],{},"'name'",[236,11081,11082,11076,11084],{},[15,11083,1303],{},[15,11085,11086],{},"'age'",[20,11088,11089],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11091,11092],{},"Valid examples:",[41,11094,11096],{"className":43,"code":11095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11097,11098,11135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11099,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11117,11119,11121,11124,11126,11128,11131,11133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11101,1818],{"class":56},[50,11103,61],{"class":60},[50,11105,1361],{"class":371},[50,11107,155],{"class":64},[50,11109,1312],{"class":9886},[50,11111,61],{"class":60},[50,11113,413],{"class":68},[50,11115,11116],{"class":72},"Paris",[50,11118,413],{"class":68},[50,11120,78],{"class":64},[50,11122,11123],{"class":9886}," country",[50,11125,61],{"class":60},[50,11127,413],{"class":68},[50,11129,11130],{"class":72},"France",[50,11132,413],{"class":68},[50,11134,186],{"class":64},[50,11136,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11138,366],{"class":151},[50,11140,155],{"class":64},[50,11142,1845],{"class":158},[50,11144,186],{"class":64},[20,11146,11147],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[233,11149,11150,11153,11156],{},[236,11151,11152],{},"spaces",[236,11154,11155],{},"hyphens",[236,11157,11158],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11160,11161,11162,11165],{},"For example, this is ",[4465,11163,11164],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[41,11167,11169],{"className":43,"code":11168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11170,11171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11172,11173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11174,11168],{"class":4385},[20,11176,11177],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[41,11179,11181],{"className":43,"code":11180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11182,11183,11226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11184,11185,11187,11189,11192,11194,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11186,1818],{"class":56},[50,11188,61],{"class":60},[50,11190,11191],{"class":64}," {",[50,11193,413],{"class":68},[50,11195,11196],{"class":72},"first-name",[50,11198,413],{"class":68},[50,11200,1408],{"class":64},[50,11202,408],{"class":68},[50,11204,8390],{"class":72},[50,11206,413],{"class":68},[50,11208,78],{"class":64},[50,11210,408],{"class":68},[50,11212,11213],{"class":72},"first name",[50,11215,413],{"class":68},[50,11217,1408],{"class":64},[50,11219,408],{"class":68},[50,11221,8390],{"class":72},[50,11223,413],{"class":68},[50,11225,1445],{"class":64},[50,11227,11228,11230,11232,11234],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11229,366],{"class":151},[50,11231,155],{"class":64},[50,11233,1845],{"class":158},[50,11235,186],{"class":64},[20,11237,11238],{},[4465,11239,189],{},[41,11241,11243],{"className":43,"code":11242,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11244,11245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11246,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11248,758],{"class":64},[50,11250,413],{"class":68},[50,11252,11196],{"class":72},[50,11254,413],{"class":68},[50,11256,1408],{"class":64},[50,11258,408],{"class":68},[50,11260,8390],{"class":72},[50,11262,413],{"class":68},[50,11264,78],{"class":64},[50,11266,408],{"class":68},[50,11268,11213],{"class":72},[50,11270,413],{"class":68},[50,11272,1408],{"class":64},[50,11274,408],{"class":68},[50,11276,8390],{"class":72},[50,11278,413],{"class":68},[50,11280,1445],{"class":64},[36,11282,11284,11286,11287],{"id":11283},"dict-vs",[15,11285,9832],{}," vs ",[15,11288,4515],{},[20,11290,11291,11292,827,11294,11296],{},"Both ",[15,11293,9832],{},[15,11295,4515],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1112,11298,221,11300,11302],{"id":11299},"use-when",[15,11301,4515],{}," when:",[233,11304,11305,11308],{},[236,11306,11307],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[236,11309,11310],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[41,11312,11313],{"className":43,"code":10528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11314,11315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11316,11317,11319,11321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11318,1818],{"class":56},[50,11320,61],{"class":60},[50,11322,10539],{"class":64},[1112,11324,221,11326,11302],{"id":11325},"use-dict-when",[15,11327,9832],{},[233,11329,11330,11333,11336],{},[236,11331,11332],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[236,11334,11335],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[236,11337,11338],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[41,11340,11342],{"className":43,"code":11341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11343,11344,11381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11345,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11347,1818],{"class":56},[50,11349,61],{"class":60},[50,11351,1361],{"class":371},[50,11353,10359],{"class":64},[50,11355,413],{"class":68},[50,11357,335],{"class":72},[50,11359,413],{"class":68},[50,11361,78],{"class":64},[50,11363,6212],{"class":111},[50,11365,416],{"class":64},[50,11367,419],{"class":64},[50,11369,413],{"class":68},[50,11371,344],{"class":72},[50,11373,413],{"class":68},[50,11375,78],{"class":64},[50,11377,314],{"class":111},[50,11379,11380],{"class":64},")])\n",[50,11382,11383,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11410],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11384,11385],{"class":56},"info ",[50,11387,61],{"class":60},[50,11389,1361],{"class":371},[50,11391,155],{"class":64},[50,11393,178],{"class":9886},[50,11395,61],{"class":60},[50,11397,413],{"class":68},[50,11399,5723],{"class":72},[50,11401,413],{"class":68},[50,11403,78],{"class":64},[50,11405,9899],{"class":9886},[50,11407,61],{"class":60},[50,11409,9904],{"class":111},[50,11411,186],{"class":64},[20,11413,11414],{},"So:",[233,11416,11417,11422],{},[236,11418,11419,11421],{},[15,11420,4515],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[236,11423,11424,11426],{},[15,11425,9832],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11428,11429,11430,11434,11435,838],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[335,11431,11433],{"href":11432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[335,11436,11438,11439,11442],{"href":11437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11440,11441],{},"get()"," method",[36,11444,11446],{"id":11445},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11448,11449,11450,838],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11451,9832],{},[1112,11453,11455],{"id":11454},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11457,5245],{},[41,11459,11461],{"className":43,"code":11460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11462,11463,11487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11464,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11466,8493],{"class":56},[50,11468,61],{"class":60},[50,11470,65],{"class":64},[50,11472,413],{"class":68},[50,11474,335],{"class":72},[50,11476,413],{"class":68},[50,11478,78],{"class":64},[50,11480,408],{"class":68},[50,11482,344],{"class":72},[50,11484,413],{"class":68},[50,11486,98],{"class":64},[50,11488,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11490,1818],{"class":56},[50,11492,61],{"class":60},[50,11494,1361],{"class":371},[50,11496,155],{"class":64},[50,11498,8522],{"class":158},[50,11500,186],{"class":64},[20,11502,11503,11504,838],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11505,11506],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11508,11509],{},"Correct version:",[41,11511,11513],{"className":43,"code":11512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11514,11515,11549,11563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11516,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11518,8493],{"class":56},[50,11520,61],{"class":60},[50,11522,9929],{"class":64},[50,11524,413],{"class":68},[50,11526,335],{"class":72},[50,11528,413],{"class":68},[50,11530,78],{"class":64},[50,11532,6212],{"class":111},[50,11534,416],{"class":64},[50,11536,419],{"class":64},[50,11538,413],{"class":68},[50,11540,344],{"class":72},[50,11542,413],{"class":68},[50,11544,78],{"class":64},[50,11546,314],{"class":111},[50,11548,448],{"class":64},[50,11550,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11552,1818],{"class":56},[50,11554,61],{"class":60},[50,11556,1361],{"class":371},[50,11558,155],{"class":64},[50,11560,8522],{"class":158},[50,11562,186],{"class":64},[50,11564,11565,11567,11569,11571],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,11566,366],{"class":151},[50,11568,155],{"class":64},[50,11570,1845],{"class":158},[50,11572,186],{"class":64},[1112,11574,11576],{"id":11575},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11578,11579],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[41,11581,11583],{"className":43,"code":11582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11584,11585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11586,11587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11588,11582],{"class":4385},[20,11590,11591,11592,1408],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11593,61],{},[41,11595,11597],{"className":43,"code":11596,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11598,11599,11621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11600,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11602,1818],{"class":56},[50,11604,61],{"class":60},[50,11606,1361],{"class":371},[50,11608,155],{"class":64},[50,11610,178],{"class":9886},[50,11612,61],{"class":60},[50,11614,413],{"class":68},[50,11616,5723],{"class":72},[50,11618,413],{"class":68},[50,11620,186],{"class":64},[50,11622,11623,11625,11627,11629],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11624,366],{"class":151},[50,11626,155],{"class":64},[50,11628,1845],{"class":158},[50,11630,186],{"class":64},[1112,11632,11634],{"id":11633},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11636,11637],{},"This will not work:",[41,11639,11640],{"className":43,"code":11168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11641,11642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11643,11644],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11645,11168],{"class":4385},[20,11647,11648],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[41,11650,11652],{"className":43,"code":11651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11653,11654,11678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11655,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11657,1818],{"class":56},[50,11659,61],{"class":60},[50,11661,11191],{"class":64},[50,11663,413],{"class":68},[50,11665,11196],{"class":72},[50,11667,413],{"class":68},[50,11669,1408],{"class":64},[50,11671,408],{"class":68},[50,11673,8390],{"class":72},[50,11675,413],{"class":68},[50,11677,1445],{"class":64},[50,11679,11680,11682,11684,11686],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11681,366],{"class":151},[50,11683,155],{"class":64},[50,11685,1845],{"class":158},[50,11687,186],{"class":64},[1112,11689,11691],{"id":11690},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11693,11694],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[41,11696,11698],{"className":43,"code":11697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11699,11700,11736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11701,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728,11730,11732,11734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11703,1818],{"class":56},[50,11705,61],{"class":60},[50,11707,1361],{"class":371},[50,11709,10359],{"class":64},[50,11711,413],{"class":68},[50,11713,2896],{"class":72},[50,11715,413],{"class":68},[50,11717,78],{"class":64},[50,11719,6212],{"class":111},[50,11721,416],{"class":64},[50,11723,419],{"class":64},[50,11725,413],{"class":68},[50,11727,2896],{"class":72},[50,11729,413],{"class":68},[50,11731,78],{"class":64},[50,11733,314],{"class":111},[50,11735,11380],{"class":64},[50,11737,11738,11740,11742,11744],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11739,366],{"class":151},[50,11741,155],{"class":64},[50,11743,1845],{"class":158},[50,11745,186],{"class":64},[20,11747,11748],{},[4465,11749,189],{},[41,11751,11753],{"className":43,"code":11752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11754,11755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11756,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11758,758],{"class":64},[50,11760,413],{"class":68},[50,11762,2896],{"class":72},[50,11764,413],{"class":68},[50,11766,1408],{"class":64},[50,11768,314],{"class":111},[50,11770,1445],{"class":64},[20,11772,11773,11774,838],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[335,11775,11777],{"href":11776},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[36,11779,3553],{"id":3552},[20,11781,11782,11783,11785],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11784,9832],{}," include:",[233,11787,11788,11798,11804,11807],{},[236,11789,11790,11791,11794,11795],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11792,11793],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11796,11797],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[236,11799,11800,11801],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11802,11803],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[236,11805,11806],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[236,11808,11809,11810,11812],{},"confusing ",[15,11811,9832],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11814,11815],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,11817,11819],{"className":43,"code":11818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11820,11821,11835,11845,11856],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11822,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11824,366],{"class":151},[50,11826,155],{"class":64},[50,11828,3945],{"class":371},[50,11830,155],{"class":64},[50,11832,1845],{"class":158},[50,11834,1077],{"class":64},[50,11836,11837,11839,11841,11843],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,11838,366],{"class":151},[50,11840,155],{"class":64},[50,11842,1845],{"class":158},[50,11844,186],{"class":64},[50,11846,11847,11849,11851,11854],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,11848,366],{"class":151},[50,11850,155],{"class":64},[50,11852,11853],{"class":158},"list_of_pairs",[50,11855,186],{"class":64},[50,11857,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,11859,366],{"class":151},[50,11861,155],{"class":64},[50,11863,1060],{"class":151},[50,11865,155],{"class":64},[50,11867,11853],{"class":158},[50,11869,1077],{"class":64},[20,11871,11872],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[233,11874,11875,11878,11881],{},[236,11876,11877],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[236,11879,11880],{},"what data is being passed in",[236,11882,11883],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[36,11885,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,11887,5893,11889,827,11891,2582],{"id":11888},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11890,9832],{},[15,11892,4515],{},[20,11894,11895,11897,11898,11900],{},[15,11896,4515],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11899,9832],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1112,11902,5883,11904,11906],{"id":11903},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11905,9832],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11908,11909,11910,838],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11911,11797],{},[1112,11913,5871,11915,11918],{"id":11914},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11916,11917],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11920,11921],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1112,11923,11925,11926,11928],{"id":11924},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11927,9832],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11930,11931,11932,11935],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11933,11934],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[36,11937,2610],{"id":2609},[233,11939,11940,11945,11949,11954,11960],{},[236,11941,11942],{},[335,11943,11944],{"href":10092},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[236,11946,11947],{},[335,11948,9868],{"href":9867},[236,11950,11951],{},[335,11952,11953],{"href":11432},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[236,11955,11956],{},[335,11957,11438,11958,11442],{"href":11437},[15,11959,11441],{},[236,11961,11962],{},[335,11963,11964],{"href":11776},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2640,11966,11967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":11969},[11970,11972,11978,11979,11980,11981,11988,11994,11995,12005],{"id":10046,"depth":101,"text":11971},"What dict() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":11973},[11974,11975,11976,11977],{"id":10103,"depth":127,"text":10104},{"id":10145,"depth":127,"text":10146},{"id":10249,"depth":127,"text":10250},{"id":10339,"depth":127,"text":10340},{"id":10451,"depth":101,"text":10104},{"id":10555,"depth":101,"text":10556},{"id":10978,"depth":101,"text":10979},{"id":11283,"depth":101,"text":11982,"children":11983},"dict() vs {}",[11984,11986],{"id":11299,"depth":127,"text":11985},"Use {} when:",{"id":11325,"depth":127,"text":11987},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11445,"depth":101,"text":11446,"children":11989},[11990,11991,11992,11993],{"id":11454,"depth":127,"text":11455},{"id":11575,"depth":127,"text":11576},{"id":11633,"depth":127,"text":11634},{"id":11690,"depth":127,"text":11691},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":11996},[11997,11999,12001,12003],{"id":11888,"depth":127,"text":11998},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11903,"depth":127,"text":12000},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11914,"depth":127,"text":12002},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11924,"depth":127,"text":12004},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9824,"description":12006},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":12013,"title":12014,"body":12015,"description":13525,"extension":2687,"meta":13526,"navigation":130,"path":13527,"seo":13528,"stem":13529,"__hash__":13530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":12016,"toc":13494},[12017,12025,12031,12038,12040,12101,12106,12111,12116,12134,12137,12141,12143,12159,12162,12175,12179,12182,12316,12318,12385,12388,12404,12410,12416,12419,12501,12503,12517,12521,12527,12592,12594,12602,12605,12628,12634,12697,12703,12706,12720,12733,12737,12748,12753,12764,12771,12775,12781,12903,12905,12931,12934,12951,12954,13065,13067,13116,13118,13131,13140,13145,13150,13161,13163,13266,13289,13291,13295,13314,13317,13374,13377,13403,13405,13411,13414,13420,13424,13431,13439,13445,13448,13450,13491],[10,12018,12020,12021,12024],{"id":12019},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,12022,12023],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,12026,12027,12030],{},[15,12028,12029],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,12032,12033,12034,12037],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[4465,12035,12036],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[36,12039,39],{"id":38},[41,12041,12043],{"className":43,"code":12042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,12044,12045,12077,12088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12046,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12048,1818],{"class":56},[50,12050,61],{"class":60},[50,12052,11191],{"class":64},[50,12054,69],{"class":68},[50,12056,335],{"class":72},[50,12058,69],{"class":68},[50,12060,1408],{"class":64},[50,12062,6212],{"class":111},[50,12064,78],{"class":64},[50,12066,81],{"class":68},[50,12068,344],{"class":72},[50,12070,69],{"class":68},[50,12072,1408],{"class":64},[50,12074,314],{"class":111},[50,12076,1445],{"class":64},[50,12078,12079,12081,12083,12086],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12080,1845],{"class":56},[50,12082,838],{"class":64},[50,12084,12085],{"class":158},"clear",[50,12087,9354],{"class":64},[50,12089,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12091,366],{"class":151},[50,12093,155],{"class":64},[50,12095,1845],{"class":158},[50,12097,4382],{"class":64},[50,12099,12100],{"class":4385},"  # {}\n",[20,12102,12103,12105],{},[15,12104,12023],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[36,12107,228,12109,231],{"id":12108},"what-clear-does",[15,12110,12023],{},[20,12112,2704,12113,12115],{},[15,12114,12023],{}," method:",[233,12117,12118,12121,12124,12129],{},[236,12119,12120],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[236,12122,12123],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[236,12125,12126,12127],{},"Returns ",[15,12128,4501],{},[236,12130,12131,12132],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12133,4515],{},[20,12135,12136],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12138,9864,12139,838],{},[335,12140,9868],{"href":9867},[36,12142,256],{"id":255},[41,12144,12146],{"className":43,"code":12145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12147,12148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12149,12150,12153,12155,12157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12151,12152],{"class":56},"my_dict",[50,12154,838],{"class":64},[50,12156,12085],{"class":158},[50,12158,9354],{"class":64},[20,12160,12161],{},"Important points:",[233,12163,12164,12169,12172],{},[236,12165,12166,12168],{},[15,12167,12023],{}," takes no arguments",[236,12170,12171],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[236,12173,12174],{},"It empties that dictionary",[36,12176,12178],{"id":12177},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12180,12181],{},"Here is a basic example:",[41,12183,12185],{"className":43,"code":12184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12186,12187,12197,12218,12232,12249,12253,12257,12277,12281,12292,12296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12188,12189,12192,12194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12190,12191],{"class":56},"user ",[50,12193,61],{"class":60},[50,12195,12196],{"class":64}," {\n",[50,12198,12199,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12213,12215],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12200,12201],{"class":68},"    \"",[50,12203,178],{"class":72},[50,12205,69],{"class":68},[50,12207,1408],{"class":64},[50,12209,81],{"class":68},[50,12211,12212],{"class":72},"Maya",[50,12214,69],{"class":68},[50,12216,12217],{"class":64},",\n",[50,12219,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12221,12201],{"class":68},[50,12223,1303],{"class":72},[50,12225,69],{"class":68},[50,12227,1408],{"class":64},[50,12229,1336],{"class":111},[50,12231,12217],{"class":64},[50,12233,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12247],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,12235,12201],{"class":68},[50,12237,1312],{"class":72},[50,12239,69],{"class":68},[50,12241,1408],{"class":64},[50,12243,81],{"class":68},[50,12245,12246],{"class":72},"Berlin",[50,12248,4082],{"class":68},[50,12250,12251],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,12252,1445],{"class":64},[50,12254,12255],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,12256,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12258,12259,12261,12263,12265,12268,12270,12272,12275],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,12260,366],{"class":151},[50,12262,155],{"class":64},[50,12264,69],{"class":68},[50,12266,12267],{"class":72},"Before:",[50,12269,69],{"class":68},[50,12271,78],{"class":64},[50,12273,12274],{"class":158}," user",[50,12276,186],{"class":64},[50,12278,12279],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,12280,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12282,12283,12286,12288,12290],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,12284,12285],{"class":56},"user",[50,12287,838],{"class":64},[50,12289,12085],{"class":158},[50,12291,9354],{"class":64},[50,12293,12294],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,12295,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12308,12310,12312,12314],{"class":52,"line":12298},11,[50,12300,366],{"class":151},[50,12302,155],{"class":64},[50,12304,69],{"class":68},[50,12306,12307],{"class":72},"After:",[50,12309,69],{"class":68},[50,12311,78],{"class":64},[50,12313,12274],{"class":158},[50,12315,186],{"class":64},[20,12317,6274],{},[41,12319,12321],{"className":43,"code":12320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12322,12323,12376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12324,12325,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12326,12327],{"class":56},"Before",[50,12329,1408],{"class":64},[50,12331,11191],{"class":64},[50,12333,413],{"class":68},[50,12335,178],{"class":72},[50,12337,413],{"class":68},[50,12339,1408],{"class":64},[50,12341,408],{"class":68},[50,12343,12212],{"class":72},[50,12345,413],{"class":68},[50,12347,78],{"class":64},[50,12349,408],{"class":68},[50,12351,1303],{"class":72},[50,12353,413],{"class":68},[50,12355,1408],{"class":64},[50,12357,1336],{"class":111},[50,12359,78],{"class":64},[50,12361,408],{"class":68},[50,12363,1312],{"class":72},[50,12365,413],{"class":68},[50,12367,1408],{"class":64},[50,12369,408],{"class":68},[50,12371,12246],{"class":72},[50,12373,413],{"class":68},[50,12375,1445],{"class":64},[50,12377,12378,12381,12383],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12379,12380],{"class":56},"After",[50,12382,1408],{"class":64},[50,12384,10539],{"class":64},[20,12386,12387],{},"What happens here:",[233,12389,12390,12395,12401],{},[236,12391,12392,12394],{},[15,12393,12285],{}," starts with three items",[236,12396,12397,12400],{},[15,12398,12399],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[236,12402,12403],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[36,12405,228,12407,12409],{"id":12406},"what-clear-returns",[15,12408,12023],{}," returns",[20,12411,12412,3121,12414,838],{},[15,12413,12023],{},[15,12415,4501],{},[20,12417,12418],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,12420,12422],{"className":43,"code":12421,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12423,12424,12458,12462,12477,12481,12491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12425,12426,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12450,12452,12454,12456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12427,12428],{"class":56},"my_dict ",[50,12430,61],{"class":60},[50,12432,11191],{"class":64},[50,12434,69],{"class":68},[50,12436,2896],{"class":72},[50,12438,69],{"class":68},[50,12440,1408],{"class":64},[50,12442,6212],{"class":111},[50,12444,78],{"class":64},[50,12446,81],{"class":68},[50,12448,12449],{"class":72},"y",[50,12451,69],{"class":68},[50,12453,1408],{"class":64},[50,12455,314],{"class":111},[50,12457,1445],{"class":64},[50,12459,12460],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12461,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12463,12464,12466,12468,12471,12473,12475],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12465,2954],{"class":56},[50,12467,61],{"class":60},[50,12469,12470],{"class":56}," my_dict",[50,12472,838],{"class":64},[50,12474,12085],{"class":158},[50,12476,9354],{"class":64},[50,12478,12479],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,12480,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12482,12483,12485,12487,12489],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,12484,366],{"class":151},[50,12486,155],{"class":64},[50,12488,2989],{"class":158},[50,12490,186],{"class":64},[50,12492,12493,12495,12497,12499],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,12494,366],{"class":151},[50,12496,155],{"class":64},[50,12498,12152],{"class":158},[50,12500,186],{"class":64},[20,12502,189],{},[41,12504,12506],{"className":43,"code":12505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{}\n",[15,12507,12508,12513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12509,12510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12511,12512],{"class":1806},"None\n",[50,12514,12515],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12516,10136],{"class":64},[1112,12518,12520],{"id":12519},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12522,12523,12524,12526],{},"Do ",[4465,12525,5351],{}," do this:",[41,12528,12530],{"className":43,"code":12529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12531,12532,12564,12578,12582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12533,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12535,12428],{"class":56},[50,12537,61],{"class":60},[50,12539,11191],{"class":64},[50,12541,69],{"class":68},[50,12543,2896],{"class":72},[50,12545,69],{"class":68},[50,12547,1408],{"class":64},[50,12549,6212],{"class":111},[50,12551,78],{"class":64},[50,12553,81],{"class":68},[50,12555,12449],{"class":72},[50,12557,69],{"class":68},[50,12559,1408],{"class":64},[50,12561,314],{"class":111},[50,12563,1445],{"class":64},[50,12565,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12567,12428],{"class":56},[50,12569,61],{"class":60},[50,12571,12470],{"class":56},[50,12573,838],{"class":64},[50,12575,12085],{"class":158},[50,12577,9354],{"class":64},[50,12579,12580],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12581,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12583,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,12585,366],{"class":151},[50,12587,155],{"class":64},[50,12589,12152],{"class":158},[50,12591,186],{"class":64},[20,12593,189],{},[41,12595,12596],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,12597,12598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12599,12600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12601,12512],{"class":1806},[20,12603,12604],{},"Why this happens:",[233,12606,12607,12613,12618],{},[236,12608,12609,12612],{},[15,12610,12611],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[236,12614,12615,12616],{},"The method returns ",[15,12617,4501],{},[236,12619,12620,12621,12624,12625,12627],{},"Then ",[15,12622,12623],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12626,4501],{}," in the variable",[20,12629,12630,12631,12633],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12632,12023],{}," by itself:",[41,12635,12637],{"className":43,"code":12636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12638,12639,12671,12681,12685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12640,12641,12643,12645,12647,12649,12651,12653,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12642,12428],{"class":56},[50,12644,61],{"class":60},[50,12646,11191],{"class":64},[50,12648,69],{"class":68},[50,12650,2896],{"class":72},[50,12652,69],{"class":68},[50,12654,1408],{"class":64},[50,12656,6212],{"class":111},[50,12658,78],{"class":64},[50,12660,81],{"class":68},[50,12662,12449],{"class":72},[50,12664,69],{"class":68},[50,12666,1408],{"class":64},[50,12668,314],{"class":111},[50,12670,1445],{"class":64},[50,12672,12673,12675,12677,12679],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12674,12152],{"class":56},[50,12676,838],{"class":64},[50,12678,12085],{"class":158},[50,12680,9354],{"class":64},[50,12682,12683],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12684,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12686,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,12688,366],{"class":151},[50,12690,155],{"class":64},[50,12692,12152],{"class":158},[50,12694,4382],{"class":64},[50,12696,12100],{"class":4385},[36,12698,12700,12702],{"id":12699},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12701,12023],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12704,12705],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[41,12707,12708],{"className":43,"code":12145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,12709,12710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12711,12712,12714,12716,12718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12713,12152],{"class":56},[50,12715,838],{"class":64},[50,12717,12085],{"class":158},[50,12719,9354],{"class":64},[41,12721,12723],{"className":43,"code":12722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12724,12725],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12726,12727,12729,12731],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12728,12428],{"class":56},[50,12730,61],{"class":60},[50,12732,10539],{"class":64},[1112,12734,12735],{"id":12085},[15,12736,12023],{},[233,12738,12739,12742,12745],{},[236,12740,12741],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[236,12743,12744],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[236,12746,12747],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1112,12749,12750],{"id":12152},[15,12751,12752],{},"my_dict = {}",[233,12754,12755,12758,12761],{},[236,12756,12757],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[236,12759,12760],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[236,12762,12763],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12765,12766,12767,838],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[335,12768,12770],{"href":12769},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12772,12774],{"id":12773},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12776,12777,12778,12780],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12779,12023],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[41,12782,12784],{"className":43,"code":12783,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12785,12786,12819,12829,12833,12844,12848,12868,12888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12787,12788,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12789,12790],{"class":56},"original ",[50,12792,61],{"class":60},[50,12794,11191],{"class":64},[50,12796,69],{"class":68},[50,12798,335],{"class":72},[50,12800,69],{"class":68},[50,12802,1408],{"class":64},[50,12804,6212],{"class":111},[50,12806,78],{"class":64},[50,12808,81],{"class":68},[50,12810,344],{"class":72},[50,12812,69],{"class":68},[50,12814,1408],{"class":64},[50,12816,314],{"class":111},[50,12818,1445],{"class":64},[50,12820,12821,12824,12826],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12822,12823],{"class":56},"other_ref ",[50,12825,61],{"class":60},[50,12827,12828],{"class":56}," original\n",[50,12830,12831],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12832,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12834,12835,12838,12840,12842],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,12836,12837],{"class":56},"original",[50,12839,838],{"class":64},[50,12841,12085],{"class":158},[50,12843,9354],{"class":64},[50,12845,12846],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,12847,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,12849,12850,12852,12854,12856,12859,12861,12863,12866],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,12851,366],{"class":151},[50,12853,155],{"class":64},[50,12855,69],{"class":68},[50,12857,12858],{"class":72},"original:",[50,12860,69],{"class":68},[50,12862,78],{"class":64},[50,12864,12865],{"class":158}," original",[50,12867,186],{"class":64},[50,12869,12870,12872,12874,12876,12879,12881,12883,12886],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,12871,366],{"class":151},[50,12873,155],{"class":64},[50,12875,69],{"class":68},[50,12877,12878],{"class":72},"other_ref:",[50,12880,69],{"class":68},[50,12882,78],{"class":64},[50,12884,12885],{"class":158}," other_ref",[50,12887,186],{"class":64},[50,12889,12890,12892,12894,12896,12899,12901],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,12891,366],{"class":151},[50,12893,155],{"class":64},[50,12895,12790],{"class":158},[50,12897,12898],{"class":137},"is",[50,12900,12885],{"class":158},[50,12902,186],{"class":64},[20,12904,189],{},[41,12906,12908],{"className":43,"code":12907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12909,12910,12918,12927],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12911,12912,12914,12916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12913,12837],{"class":56},[50,12915,1408],{"class":64},[50,12917,10539],{"class":64},[50,12919,12920,12923,12925],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12921,12922],{"class":56},"other_ref",[50,12924,1408],{"class":64},[50,12926,10539],{"class":64},[50,12928,12929],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,12930,1962],{"class":1806},[20,12932,12933],{},"This shows:",[233,12935,12936,12943,12948],{},[236,12937,12938,827,12940,12942],{},[15,12939,12837],{},[15,12941,12922],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[236,12944,12945,12947],{},[15,12946,12023],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[236,12949,12950],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12952,12953],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[41,12955,12957],{"className":43,"code":12956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12958,12959,12991,12999,13003,13011,13015,13033,13051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12960,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12962,12790],{"class":56},[50,12964,61],{"class":60},[50,12966,11191],{"class":64},[50,12968,69],{"class":68},[50,12970,335],{"class":72},[50,12972,69],{"class":68},[50,12974,1408],{"class":64},[50,12976,6212],{"class":111},[50,12978,78],{"class":64},[50,12980,81],{"class":68},[50,12982,344],{"class":72},[50,12984,69],{"class":68},[50,12986,1408],{"class":64},[50,12988,314],{"class":111},[50,12990,1445],{"class":64},[50,12992,12993,12995,12997],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,12994,12823],{"class":56},[50,12996,61],{"class":60},[50,12998,12828],{"class":56},[50,13000,13001],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13002,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13004,13005,13007,13009],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13006,12790],{"class":56},[50,13008,61],{"class":60},[50,13010,10539],{"class":64},[50,13012,13013],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,13014,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13016,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,13018,366],{"class":151},[50,13020,155],{"class":64},[50,13022,69],{"class":68},[50,13024,12858],{"class":72},[50,13026,69],{"class":68},[50,13028,78],{"class":64},[50,13030,12865],{"class":158},[50,13032,186],{"class":64},[50,13034,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,13036,366],{"class":151},[50,13038,155],{"class":64},[50,13040,69],{"class":68},[50,13042,12878],{"class":72},[50,13044,69],{"class":68},[50,13046,78],{"class":64},[50,13048,12885],{"class":158},[50,13050,186],{"class":64},[50,13052,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,13054,366],{"class":151},[50,13056,155],{"class":64},[50,13058,12790],{"class":158},[50,13060,12898],{"class":137},[50,13062,12885],{"class":158},[50,13064,186],{"class":64},[20,13066,189],{},[41,13068,13070],{"className":43,"code":13069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13071,13072,13080,13112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13073,13074,13076,13078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13075,12837],{"class":56},[50,13077,1408],{"class":64},[50,13079,10539],{"class":64},[50,13081,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13083,12922],{"class":56},[50,13085,1408],{"class":64},[50,13087,11191],{"class":64},[50,13089,413],{"class":68},[50,13091,335],{"class":72},[50,13093,413],{"class":68},[50,13095,1408],{"class":64},[50,13097,6212],{"class":111},[50,13099,78],{"class":64},[50,13101,408],{"class":68},[50,13103,344],{"class":72},[50,13105,413],{"class":68},[50,13107,1408],{"class":64},[50,13109,314],{"class":111},[50,13111,1445],{"class":64},[50,13113,13114],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13115,1967],{"class":1806},[20,13117,2901],{},[233,13119,13120,13126],{},[236,13121,13122,13125],{},[15,13123,13124],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[236,13127,13128,13130],{},[15,13129,12922],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13132,13133,13134,838],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[335,13135,13137],{"href":13136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13138,13139],{},"dict.copy()",[36,13141,5681,13143],{"id":13142},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13144,12023],{},[20,13146,13147,13149],{},[15,13148,12023],{}," is useful when you want to:",[233,13151,13152,13155,13158],{},[236,13153,13154],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[236,13156,13157],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[236,13159,13160],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13162,2931],{},[41,13164,13166],{"className":43,"code":13165,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13167,13168,13177,13193,13213,13226,13230,13234,13239,13250,13254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13169,13170,13173,13175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13171,13172],{"class":56},"session_data ",[50,13174,61],{"class":60},[50,13176,12196],{"class":64},[50,13178,13179,13181,13184,13186,13188,13191],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13180,12201],{"class":68},[50,13182,13183],{"class":72},"user_id",[50,13185,69],{"class":68},[50,13187,1408],{"class":64},[50,13189,13190],{"class":111}," 101",[50,13192,12217],{"class":64},[50,13194,13195,13197,13200,13202,13204,13206,13209,13211],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13196,12201],{"class":68},[50,13198,13199],{"class":72},"theme",[50,13201,69],{"class":68},[50,13203,1408],{"class":64},[50,13205,81],{"class":68},[50,13207,13208],{"class":72},"dark",[50,13210,69],{"class":68},[50,13212,12217],{"class":64},[50,13214,13215,13217,13220,13222,13224],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13216,12201],{"class":68},[50,13218,13219],{"class":72},"logged_in",[50,13221,69],{"class":68},[50,13223,1408],{"class":64},[50,13225,7135],{"class":1806},[50,13227,13228],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,13229,1445],{"class":64},[50,13231,13232],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,13233,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13235,13236],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,13237,13238],{"class":4385},"# Reset for a new session\n",[50,13240,13241,13244,13246,13248],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,13242,13243],{"class":56},"session_data",[50,13245,838],{"class":64},[50,13247,12085],{"class":158},[50,13249,9354],{"class":64},[50,13251,13252],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,13253,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13255,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,13257,366],{"class":151},[50,13259,155],{"class":64},[50,13261,13243],{"class":158},[50,13263,4382],{"class":64},[50,13265,12100],{"class":4385},[20,13267,13268,13269,13275,13276,838,13280,13282,13283,838],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[335,13270,13272],{"href":13271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13273,13274],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[335,13277,13279],{"href":13278},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10547,13281],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[335,13284,13286],{"href":13285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13287,13288],{},"dict.popitem()",[36,13290,3553],{"id":3552},[20,13292,11449,13293,1408],{},[15,13294,12023],{},[233,13296,13297,13303,13308,13311],{},[236,13298,13299,13300,13302],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13301,12023],{}," to a variable",[236,13304,2120,13305,13307],{},[15,13306,12023],{}," to return a new dictionary",[236,13309,13310],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[236,13312,13313],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13315,13316],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[41,13318,13320],{"className":43,"code":13319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13321,13322,13332,13346,13360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13323,13324,13326,13328,13330],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13325,366],{"class":151},[50,13327,155],{"class":64},[50,13329,12152],{"class":158},[50,13331,186],{"class":64},[50,13333,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13335,366],{"class":151},[50,13337,155],{"class":64},[50,13339,3945],{"class":371},[50,13341,155],{"class":64},[50,13343,12152],{"class":158},[50,13345,1077],{"class":64},[50,13347,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13349,366],{"class":151},[50,13351,155],{"class":64},[50,13353,1761],{"class":151},[50,13355,155],{"class":64},[50,13357,12152],{"class":158},[50,13359,1077],{"class":64},[50,13361,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13363,366],{"class":151},[50,13365,155],{"class":64},[50,13367,12823],{"class":158},[50,13369,12898],{"class":137},[50,13371,12470],{"class":158},[50,13373,186],{"class":64},[20,13375,13376],{},"What these show:",[233,13378,13379,13385,13391,13397],{},[236,13380,13381,13384],{},[15,13382,13383],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[236,13386,13387,13390],{},[15,13388,13389],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[236,13392,13393,13396],{},[15,13394,13395],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[236,13398,13399,13402],{},[15,13400,13401],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[36,13404,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,13406,2569,13408,13410],{"id":13407},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13409,12023],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13412,13413],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1112,13415,2559,13417,13419],{"id":13416},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13418,12029],{}," return?",[20,13421,5861,13422,838],{},[15,13423,4501],{},[1112,13425,5893,13427,827,13429,2582],{"id":13426},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13428,12023],{},[15,13430,4515],{},[20,13432,13433,13435,13436,13438],{},[15,13434,12023],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13437,4515],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1112,13440,2569,13442,13444],{"id":13441},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13443,12023],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13446,13447],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[36,13449,2610],{"id":2609},[233,13451,13452,13456,13460,13467,13474,13481,13486],{},[236,13453,13454],{},[335,13455,9868],{"href":9867},[236,13457,13458],{},[335,13459,11944],{"href":10092},[236,13461,13462],{},[335,13463,11438,13464,11442],{"href":13271},[15,13465,13466],{},"pop()",[236,13468,13469],{},[335,13470,11438,13471,11442],{"href":13285},[15,13472,13473],{},"popitem()",[236,13475,13476],{},[335,13477,11438,13478,11442],{"href":13136},[15,13479,13480],{},"copy()",[236,13482,13483],{},[335,13484,13485],{"href":12769},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[236,13487,13488],{},[335,13489,13490],{"href":13278},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2640,13492,13493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":13495},[13496,13497,13499,13500,13501,13505,13510,13511,13513,13514,13524],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":12108,"depth":101,"text":13498},"What clear() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":12406,"depth":101,"text":13502,"children":13503},"What clear() returns",[13504],{"id":12519,"depth":127,"text":12520},{"id":12699,"depth":101,"text":13506,"children":13507},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13508,13509],{"id":12085,"depth":127,"text":12023},{"id":12152,"depth":127,"text":12752},{"id":12773,"depth":101,"text":12774},{"id":13142,"depth":101,"text":13512},"When to use clear()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":13515},[13516,13518,13520,13522],{"id":13407,"depth":127,"text":13517},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13416,"depth":127,"text":13519},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13426,"depth":127,"text":13521},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13441,"depth":127,"text":13523},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":12014,"description":13525},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13532,"title":13533,"body":13534,"description":15699,"extension":2687,"meta":15700,"navigation":130,"path":15701,"seo":15702,"stem":15703,"__hash__":15704},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13535,"toc":15671},[13536,13541,13546,13556,13558,13646,13650,13691,13696,13703,13721,13730,13732,13753,13756,13768,13770,13849,13853,13894,13896,13899,14026,14030,14110,14113,14131,14134,14138,14144,14146,14157,14159,14352,14356,14462,14465,14483,14486,14493,14498,14502,14516,14518,14645,14649,14729,14742,14748,14751,14759,14763,14889,14893,14967,14972,15103,15107,15181,15184,15198,15202,15206,15220,15222,15358,15362,15431,15433,15438,15460,15463,15570,15573,15584,15591,15593,15599,15602,15609,15612,15619,15627,15631,15634,15636,15668],[10,13537,12020,13539,12024],{"id":13538},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13540,13480],{},[20,13542,13543,13545],{},[15,13544,13139],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13547,13548,13549,13551,13552,13555],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13550,13480],{}," makes a ",[4465,13553,13554],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[36,13557,39],{"id":38},[41,13559,13561],{"className":43,"code":13560,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13562,13563,13600,13617,13621,13632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13566,13567],{"class":56},"student ",[50,13569,61],{"class":60},[50,13571,11191],{"class":64},[50,13573,69],{"class":68},[50,13575,178],{"class":72},[50,13577,69],{"class":68},[50,13579,1408],{"class":64},[50,13581,81],{"class":68},[50,13583,73],{"class":72},[50,13585,69],{"class":68},[50,13587,78],{"class":64},[50,13589,81],{"class":68},[50,13591,1303],{"class":72},[50,13593,69],{"class":68},[50,13595,1408],{"class":64},[50,13597,1873],{"class":111},[50,13599,1445],{"class":64},[50,13601,13602,13605,13607,13610,13612,13615],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13603,13604],{"class":56},"student_copy ",[50,13606,61],{"class":60},[50,13608,13609],{"class":56}," student",[50,13611,838],{"class":64},[50,13613,13614],{"class":158},"copy",[50,13616,9354],{"class":64},[50,13618,13619],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13620,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13622,13623,13625,13627,13630],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13624,366],{"class":151},[50,13626,155],{"class":64},[50,13628,13629],{"class":158},"student_copy",[50,13631,186],{"class":64},[50,13633,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,13635,366],{"class":151},[50,13637,155],{"class":64},[50,13639,13604],{"class":158},[50,13641,12898],{"class":137},[50,13643,13609],{"class":158},[50,13645,186],{"class":64},[20,13647,13648],{},[4465,13649,189],{},[41,13651,13653],{"className":43,"code":13652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13654,13655,13687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13656,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13658,758],{"class":64},[50,13660,413],{"class":68},[50,13662,178],{"class":72},[50,13664,413],{"class":68},[50,13666,1408],{"class":64},[50,13668,408],{"class":68},[50,13670,73],{"class":72},[50,13672,413],{"class":68},[50,13674,78],{"class":64},[50,13676,408],{"class":68},[50,13678,1303],{"class":72},[50,13680,413],{"class":68},[50,13682,1408],{"class":64},[50,13684,1873],{"class":111},[50,13686,1445],{"class":64},[50,13688,13689],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13690,1967],{"class":1806},[20,13692,221,13693,13695],{},[15,13694,13480],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[36,13697,13699,13700,13702],{"id":13698},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13701,13480],{}," method does",[233,13704,13705,13710,13713,13718],{},[236,13706,13707,13709],{},[15,13708,13139],{}," returns a new dictionary",[236,13711,13712],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[236,13714,13715,13716],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13717,13480],{},[236,13719,13720],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13722,13723,13724,3602,13727,838],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[335,13725,9868],{"href":13726},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[335,13728,10093],{"href":13729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[36,13731,256],{"id":255},[41,13733,13735],{"className":43,"code":13734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13736,13737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13738,13739,13742,13744,13747,13749,13751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13740,13741],{"class":56},"new_dict ",[50,13743,61],{"class":60},[50,13745,13746],{"class":56}," old_dict",[50,13748,838],{"class":64},[50,13750,13614],{"class":158},[50,13752,9354],{"class":64},[20,13754,13755],{},"Key points:",[233,13757,13758,13762,13765],{},[236,13759,13760,12168],{},[15,13761,13480],{},[236,13763,13764],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[236,13766,13767],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13769,2931],{},[41,13771,13773],{"className":43,"code":13772,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13774,13775,13818,13834,13838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13776,13777,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13814,13816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13778,13779],{"class":56},"colors ",[50,13781,61],{"class":60},[50,13783,11191],{"class":64},[50,13785,69],{"class":68},[50,13787,335],{"class":72},[50,13789,69],{"class":68},[50,13791,1408],{"class":64},[50,13793,81],{"class":68},[50,13795,13796],{"class":72},"red",[50,13798,69],{"class":68},[50,13800,78],{"class":64},[50,13802,81],{"class":68},[50,13804,344],{"class":72},[50,13806,69],{"class":68},[50,13808,1408],{"class":64},[50,13810,81],{"class":68},[50,13812,13813],{"class":72},"blue",[50,13815,69],{"class":68},[50,13817,1445],{"class":64},[50,13819,13820,13823,13825,13828,13830,13832],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13821,13822],{"class":56},"new_colors ",[50,13824,61],{"class":60},[50,13826,13827],{"class":56}," colors",[50,13829,838],{"class":64},[50,13831,13614],{"class":158},[50,13833,9354],{"class":64},[50,13835,13836],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13837,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13839,13840,13842,13844,13847],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13841,366],{"class":151},[50,13843,155],{"class":64},[50,13845,13846],{"class":158},"new_colors",[50,13848,186],{"class":64},[20,13850,13851],{},[4465,13852,189],{},[41,13854,13856],{"className":43,"code":13855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13857,13858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13859,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13861,758],{"class":64},[50,13863,413],{"class":68},[50,13865,335],{"class":72},[50,13867,413],{"class":68},[50,13869,1408],{"class":64},[50,13871,408],{"class":68},[50,13873,13796],{"class":72},[50,13875,413],{"class":68},[50,13877,78],{"class":64},[50,13879,408],{"class":68},[50,13881,344],{"class":72},[50,13883,413],{"class":68},[50,13885,1408],{"class":64},[50,13887,408],{"class":68},[50,13889,13813],{"class":72},[50,13891,413],{"class":68},[50,13893,1445],{"class":64},[36,13895,12178],{"id":12177},[20,13897,13898],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[41,13900,13902],{"className":43,"code":13901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13903,13904,13941,13957,13961,13983,13987,14006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13905,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13907,1356],{"class":56},[50,13909,61],{"class":60},[50,13911,11191],{"class":64},[50,13913,69],{"class":68},[50,13915,178],{"class":72},[50,13917,69],{"class":68},[50,13919,1408],{"class":64},[50,13921,81],{"class":68},[50,13923,13924],{"class":72},"Liam",[50,13926,69],{"class":68},[50,13928,78],{"class":64},[50,13930,81],{"class":68},[50,13932,1303],{"class":72},[50,13934,69],{"class":68},[50,13936,1408],{"class":64},[50,13938,1336],{"class":111},[50,13940,1445],{"class":64},[50,13942,13943,13946,13948,13951,13953,13955],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,13944,13945],{"class":56},"person_copy ",[50,13947,61],{"class":60},[50,13949,13950],{"class":56}," person",[50,13952,838],{"class":64},[50,13954,13614],{"class":158},[50,13956,9354],{"class":64},[50,13958,13959],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,13960,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13962,13963,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13977,13980],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,13964,13965],{"class":56},"person_copy",[50,13967,4620],{"class":64},[50,13969,69],{"class":68},[50,13971,1303],{"class":72},[50,13973,69],{"class":68},[50,13975,13976],{"class":64},"]",[50,13978,13979],{"class":60}," =",[50,13981,13982],{"class":111}," 26\n",[50,13984,13985],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,13986,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,13988,13989,13991,13993,13995,13998,14000,14002,14004],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,13990,366],{"class":151},[50,13992,155],{"class":64},[50,13994,69],{"class":68},[50,13996,13997],{"class":72},"Original:",[50,13999,69],{"class":68},[50,14001,78],{"class":64},[50,14003,13950],{"class":158},[50,14005,186],{"class":64},[50,14007,14008,14010,14012,14014,14017,14019,14021,14024],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,14009,366],{"class":151},[50,14011,155],{"class":64},[50,14013,69],{"class":68},[50,14015,14016],{"class":72},"Copy:",[50,14018,69],{"class":68},[50,14020,78],{"class":64},[50,14022,14023],{"class":158}," person_copy",[50,14025,186],{"class":64},[20,14027,14028],{},[4465,14029,189],{},[41,14031,14033],{"className":43,"code":14032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,14034,14035,14072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14036,14037,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14038,14039],{"class":56},"Original",[50,14041,1408],{"class":64},[50,14043,11191],{"class":64},[50,14045,413],{"class":68},[50,14047,178],{"class":72},[50,14049,413],{"class":68},[50,14051,1408],{"class":64},[50,14053,408],{"class":68},[50,14055,13924],{"class":72},[50,14057,413],{"class":68},[50,14059,78],{"class":64},[50,14061,408],{"class":68},[50,14063,1303],{"class":72},[50,14065,413],{"class":68},[50,14067,1408],{"class":64},[50,14069,1336],{"class":111},[50,14071,1445],{"class":64},[50,14073,14074,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14108],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14075,14076],{"class":56},"Copy",[50,14078,1408],{"class":64},[50,14080,11191],{"class":64},[50,14082,413],{"class":68},[50,14084,178],{"class":72},[50,14086,413],{"class":68},[50,14088,1408],{"class":64},[50,14090,408],{"class":68},[50,14092,13924],{"class":72},[50,14094,413],{"class":68},[50,14096,78],{"class":64},[50,14098,408],{"class":68},[50,14100,1303],{"class":72},[50,14102,413],{"class":68},[50,14104,1408],{"class":64},[50,14106,14107],{"class":111}," 26",[50,14109,1445],{"class":64},[20,14111,14112],{},"What happened here:",[233,14114,14115,14121,14128],{},[236,14116,14117,14120],{},[15,14118,14119],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[236,14122,14123,14124,14127],{},"Changing ",[15,14125,14126],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[236,14129,14130],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14132,14133],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[36,14135,14137],{"id":14136},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14139,14140,13551,14142,838],{},[15,14141,13480],{},[4465,14143,13554],{},[20,14145,2829],{},[233,14147,14148,14151,14154],{},[236,14149,14150],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[236,14152,14153],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[236,14155,14156],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14158,2931],{},[41,14160,14162],{"className":43,"code":14161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14163,14164,14172,14190,14211,14215,14219,14233,14237,14262,14266,14284,14303,14318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14165,14166,14168,14170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14167,13567],{"class":56},[50,14169,61],{"class":60},[50,14171,12196],{"class":64},[50,14173,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14175,12201],{"class":68},[50,14177,178],{"class":72},[50,14179,69],{"class":68},[50,14181,1408],{"class":64},[50,14183,81],{"class":68},[50,14185,73],{"class":72},[50,14187,69],{"class":68},[50,14189,12217],{"class":64},[50,14191,14192,14194,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,14193,12201],{"class":68},[50,14195,14196],{"class":72},"grades",[50,14198,69],{"class":68},[50,14200,1408],{"class":64},[50,14202,65],{"class":64},[50,14204,112],{"class":111},[50,14206,78],{"class":64},[50,14208,117],{"class":111},[50,14210,98],{"class":64},[50,14212,14213],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,14214,1445],{"class":64},[50,14216,14217],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,14218,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14220,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,14222,13604],{"class":56},[50,14224,61],{"class":60},[50,14226,13609],{"class":56},[50,14228,838],{"class":64},[50,14230,13614],{"class":158},[50,14232,9354],{"class":64},[50,14234,14235],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,14236,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14238,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14252,14255,14257,14260],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,14240,13629],{"class":56},[50,14242,4620],{"class":64},[50,14244,69],{"class":68},[50,14246,14196],{"class":72},[50,14248,69],{"class":68},[50,14250,14251],{"class":64},"].",[50,14253,14254],{"class":158},"append",[50,14256,155],{"class":64},[50,14258,14259],{"class":111},"100",[50,14261,186],{"class":64},[50,14263,14264],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,14265,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14267,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,14269,366],{"class":151},[50,14271,155],{"class":64},[50,14273,69],{"class":68},[50,14275,13997],{"class":72},[50,14277,69],{"class":68},[50,14279,78],{"class":64},[50,14281,13609],{"class":158},[50,14283,186],{"class":64},[50,14285,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14301],{"class":52,"line":12298},[50,14287,366],{"class":151},[50,14289,155],{"class":64},[50,14291,69],{"class":68},[50,14293,14016],{"class":72},[50,14295,69],{"class":68},[50,14297,78],{"class":64},[50,14299,14300],{"class":158}," student_copy",[50,14302,186],{"class":64},[50,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316],{"class":52,"line":14305},12,[50,14307,366],{"class":151},[50,14309,155],{"class":64},[50,14311,13567],{"class":158},[50,14313,12898],{"class":137},[50,14315,14300],{"class":158},[50,14317,186],{"class":64},[50,14319,14321,14323,14325,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350],{"class":52,"line":14320},13,[50,14322,366],{"class":151},[50,14324,155],{"class":64},[50,14326,14327],{"class":158},"student",[50,14329,4620],{"class":64},[50,14331,69],{"class":68},[50,14333,14196],{"class":72},[50,14335,69],{"class":68},[50,14337,13976],{"class":64},[50,14339,8808],{"class":137},[50,14341,14300],{"class":158},[50,14343,4620],{"class":64},[50,14345,69],{"class":68},[50,14347,14196],{"class":72},[50,14349,69],{"class":68},[50,14351,2210],{"class":64},[20,14353,14354],{},[4465,14355,189],{},[41,14357,14359],{"className":43,"code":14358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14360,14361,14408,14454,14458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14362,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14364,14039],{"class":56},[50,14366,1408],{"class":64},[50,14368,11191],{"class":64},[50,14370,413],{"class":68},[50,14372,178],{"class":72},[50,14374,413],{"class":68},[50,14376,1408],{"class":64},[50,14378,408],{"class":68},[50,14380,73],{"class":72},[50,14382,413],{"class":68},[50,14384,78],{"class":64},[50,14386,408],{"class":68},[50,14388,14196],{"class":72},[50,14390,413],{"class":68},[50,14392,1408],{"class":64},[50,14394,65],{"class":64},[50,14396,112],{"class":111},[50,14398,78],{"class":64},[50,14400,117],{"class":111},[50,14402,78],{"class":64},[50,14404,10819],{"class":111},[50,14406,14407],{"class":64},"]}\n",[50,14409,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14411,14076],{"class":56},[50,14413,1408],{"class":64},[50,14415,11191],{"class":64},[50,14417,413],{"class":68},[50,14419,178],{"class":72},[50,14421,413],{"class":68},[50,14423,1408],{"class":64},[50,14425,408],{"class":68},[50,14427,73],{"class":72},[50,14429,413],{"class":68},[50,14431,78],{"class":64},[50,14433,408],{"class":68},[50,14435,14196],{"class":72},[50,14437,413],{"class":68},[50,14439,1408],{"class":64},[50,14441,65],{"class":64},[50,14443,112],{"class":111},[50,14445,78],{"class":64},[50,14447,117],{"class":111},[50,14449,78],{"class":64},[50,14451,10819],{"class":111},[50,14453,14407],{"class":64},[50,14455,14456],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,14457,1967],{"class":1806},[50,14459,14460],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,14461,1962],{"class":1806},[20,14463,14464],{},"Notice the difference:",[233,14466,14467,14475],{},[236,14468,14469,5503,14472,14474],{},[15,14470,14471],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14473,4396],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[236,14476,14477,5503,14480,14482],{},[15,14478,14479],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14481,4326],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14484,14485],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14487,14488,14489,838],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[335,14490,14492],{"href":14491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[36,14494,5681,14496],{"id":14495},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14497,13480],{},[20,14499,221,14500,11302],{},[15,14501,13480],{},[233,14503,14504,14507,14510,14513],{},[236,14505,14506],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[236,14508,14509],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[236,14511,14512],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[236,14514,14515],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14517,2931],{},[41,14519,14521],{"className":43,"code":14520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14522,14523,14562,14578,14582,14602,14606,14625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14524,14525,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14553,14555,14557,14560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14526,14527],{"class":56},"settings ",[50,14529,61],{"class":60},[50,14531,11191],{"class":64},[50,14533,69],{"class":68},[50,14535,13199],{"class":72},[50,14537,69],{"class":68},[50,14539,1408],{"class":64},[50,14541,81],{"class":68},[50,14543,13208],{"class":72},[50,14545,69],{"class":68},[50,14547,78],{"class":64},[50,14549,81],{"class":68},[50,14551,14552],{"class":72},"font_size",[50,14554,69],{"class":68},[50,14556,1408],{"class":64},[50,14558,14559],{"class":111}," 14",[50,14561,1445],{"class":64},[50,14563,14564,14567,14569,14572,14574,14576],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14565,14566],{"class":56},"settings_backup ",[50,14568,61],{"class":60},[50,14570,14571],{"class":56}," settings",[50,14573,838],{"class":64},[50,14575,13614],{"class":158},[50,14577,9354],{"class":64},[50,14579,14580],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,14581,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14583,14584,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,14585,14586],{"class":56},"settings",[50,14588,4620],{"class":64},[50,14590,69],{"class":68},[50,14592,14552],{"class":72},[50,14594,69],{"class":68},[50,14596,13976],{"class":64},[50,14598,13979],{"class":60},[50,14600,14601],{"class":111}," 16\n",[50,14603,14604],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,14605,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14607,14608,14610,14612,14614,14617,14619,14621,14623],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,14609,366],{"class":151},[50,14611,155],{"class":64},[50,14613,69],{"class":68},[50,14615,14616],{"class":72},"Current:",[50,14618,69],{"class":68},[50,14620,78],{"class":64},[50,14622,14571],{"class":158},[50,14624,186],{"class":64},[50,14626,14627,14629,14631,14633,14636,14638,14640,14643],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,14628,366],{"class":151},[50,14630,155],{"class":64},[50,14632,69],{"class":68},[50,14634,14635],{"class":72},"Backup:",[50,14637,69],{"class":68},[50,14639,78],{"class":64},[50,14641,14642],{"class":158}," settings_backup",[50,14644,186],{"class":64},[20,14646,14647],{},[4465,14648,189],{},[41,14650,14652],{"className":43,"code":14651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14653,14654,14692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14655,14656,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14657,14658],{"class":56},"Current",[50,14660,1408],{"class":64},[50,14662,11191],{"class":64},[50,14664,413],{"class":68},[50,14666,13199],{"class":72},[50,14668,413],{"class":68},[50,14670,1408],{"class":64},[50,14672,408],{"class":68},[50,14674,13208],{"class":72},[50,14676,413],{"class":68},[50,14678,78],{"class":64},[50,14680,408],{"class":68},[50,14682,14552],{"class":72},[50,14684,413],{"class":68},[50,14686,1408],{"class":64},[50,14688,14689],{"class":111}," 16",[50,14691,1445],{"class":64},[50,14693,14694,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14695,14696],{"class":56},"Backup",[50,14698,1408],{"class":64},[50,14700,11191],{"class":64},[50,14702,413],{"class":68},[50,14704,13199],{"class":72},[50,14706,413],{"class":68},[50,14708,1408],{"class":64},[50,14710,408],{"class":68},[50,14712,13208],{"class":72},[50,14714,413],{"class":68},[50,14716,78],{"class":64},[50,14718,408],{"class":68},[50,14720,14552],{"class":72},[50,14722,413],{"class":68},[50,14724,1408],{"class":64},[50,14726,14559],{"class":111},[50,14728,1445],{"class":64},[20,14730,14731,14732,3602,14738,838],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[335,14733,14735],{"href":14734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14736,14737],{},"dict.update()",[335,14739,14740],{"href":13527},[15,14741,12029],{},[36,14743,14745,14747],{"id":14744},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14746,13480],{}," vs assignment",[20,14749,14750],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14752,2447,14753,14755,14756,14758],{},[15,14754,61],{}," does ",[4465,14757,5351],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1112,14760,14762],{"id":14761},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[41,14764,14766],{"className":43,"code":14765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14767,14768,14800,14809,14813,14833,14837,14855,14875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14769,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14771,12790],{"class":56},[50,14773,61],{"class":60},[50,14775,11191],{"class":64},[50,14777,69],{"class":68},[50,14779,2896],{"class":72},[50,14781,69],{"class":68},[50,14783,1408],{"class":64},[50,14785,6212],{"class":111},[50,14787,78],{"class":64},[50,14789,81],{"class":68},[50,14791,12449],{"class":72},[50,14793,69],{"class":68},[50,14795,1408],{"class":64},[50,14797,314],{"class":111},[50,14799,1445],{"class":64},[50,14801,14802,14805,14807],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14803,14804],{"class":56},"assigned ",[50,14806,61],{"class":60},[50,14808,12828],{"class":56},[50,14810,14811],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,14812,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14814,14815,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,14816,14817],{"class":56},"assigned",[50,14819,4620],{"class":64},[50,14821,69],{"class":68},[50,14823,2896],{"class":72},[50,14825,69],{"class":68},[50,14827,13976],{"class":64},[50,14829,13979],{"class":60},[50,14831,14832],{"class":111}," 99\n",[50,14834,14835],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,14836,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,14838,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851,14853],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,14840,366],{"class":151},[50,14842,155],{"class":64},[50,14844,69],{"class":68},[50,14846,13997],{"class":72},[50,14848,69],{"class":68},[50,14850,78],{"class":64},[50,14852,12865],{"class":158},[50,14854,186],{"class":64},[50,14856,14857,14859,14861,14863,14866,14868,14870,14873],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,14858,366],{"class":151},[50,14860,155],{"class":64},[50,14862,69],{"class":68},[50,14864,14865],{"class":72},"Assigned:",[50,14867,69],{"class":68},[50,14869,78],{"class":64},[50,14871,14872],{"class":158}," assigned",[50,14874,186],{"class":64},[50,14876,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,14878,366],{"class":151},[50,14880,155],{"class":64},[50,14882,12790],{"class":158},[50,14884,12898],{"class":137},[50,14886,14872],{"class":158},[50,14888,186],{"class":64},[20,14890,14891],{},[4465,14892,189],{},[41,14894,14896],{"className":43,"code":14895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14897,14898,14930,14963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14899,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14901,14039],{"class":56},[50,14903,1408],{"class":64},[50,14905,11191],{"class":64},[50,14907,413],{"class":68},[50,14909,2896],{"class":72},[50,14911,413],{"class":68},[50,14913,1408],{"class":64},[50,14915,10898],{"class":111},[50,14917,78],{"class":64},[50,14919,408],{"class":68},[50,14921,12449],{"class":72},[50,14923,413],{"class":68},[50,14925,1408],{"class":64},[50,14927,314],{"class":111},[50,14929,1445],{"class":64},[50,14931,14932,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,14933,14934],{"class":56},"Assigned",[50,14936,1408],{"class":64},[50,14938,11191],{"class":64},[50,14940,413],{"class":68},[50,14942,2896],{"class":72},[50,14944,413],{"class":68},[50,14946,1408],{"class":64},[50,14948,10898],{"class":111},[50,14950,78],{"class":64},[50,14952,408],{"class":68},[50,14954,12449],{"class":72},[50,14956,413],{"class":68},[50,14958,1408],{"class":64},[50,14960,314],{"class":111},[50,14962,1445],{"class":64},[50,14964,14965],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,14966,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,14968,2447,14970],{"id":14969},"using-copy",[15,14971,13480],{},[41,14973,14975],{"className":43,"code":14974,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14976,14977,15009,15024,15028,15047,15051,15069,15089],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14978,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14980,12790],{"class":56},[50,14982,61],{"class":60},[50,14984,11191],{"class":64},[50,14986,69],{"class":68},[50,14988,2896],{"class":72},[50,14990,69],{"class":68},[50,14992,1408],{"class":64},[50,14994,6212],{"class":111},[50,14996,78],{"class":64},[50,14998,81],{"class":68},[50,15000,12449],{"class":72},[50,15002,69],{"class":68},[50,15004,1408],{"class":64},[50,15006,314],{"class":111},[50,15008,1445],{"class":64},[50,15010,15011,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15012,15013],{"class":56},"copied ",[50,15015,61],{"class":60},[50,15017,12865],{"class":56},[50,15019,838],{"class":64},[50,15021,13614],{"class":158},[50,15023,9354],{"class":64},[50,15025,15026],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15027,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,15029,15030,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,15031,15032],{"class":56},"copied",[50,15034,4620],{"class":64},[50,15036,69],{"class":68},[50,15038,2896],{"class":72},[50,15040,69],{"class":68},[50,15042,13976],{"class":64},[50,15044,13979],{"class":60},[50,15046,14832],{"class":111},[50,15048,15049],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,15050,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,15052,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,15054,366],{"class":151},[50,15056,155],{"class":64},[50,15058,69],{"class":68},[50,15060,13997],{"class":72},[50,15062,69],{"class":68},[50,15064,78],{"class":64},[50,15066,12865],{"class":158},[50,15068,186],{"class":64},[50,15070,15071,15073,15075,15077,15080,15082,15084,15087],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,15072,366],{"class":151},[50,15074,155],{"class":64},[50,15076,69],{"class":68},[50,15078,15079],{"class":72},"Copied:",[50,15081,69],{"class":68},[50,15083,78],{"class":64},[50,15085,15086],{"class":158}," copied",[50,15088,186],{"class":64},[50,15090,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,15092,366],{"class":151},[50,15094,155],{"class":64},[50,15096,12790],{"class":158},[50,15098,12898],{"class":137},[50,15100,15086],{"class":158},[50,15102,186],{"class":64},[20,15104,15105],{},[4465,15106,189],{},[41,15108,15110],{"className":43,"code":15109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15111,15112,15144,15177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15113,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15115,14039],{"class":56},[50,15117,1408],{"class":64},[50,15119,11191],{"class":64},[50,15121,413],{"class":68},[50,15123,2896],{"class":72},[50,15125,413],{"class":68},[50,15127,1408],{"class":64},[50,15129,6212],{"class":111},[50,15131,78],{"class":64},[50,15133,408],{"class":68},[50,15135,12449],{"class":72},[50,15137,413],{"class":68},[50,15139,1408],{"class":64},[50,15141,314],{"class":111},[50,15143,1445],{"class":64},[50,15145,15146,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15147,15148],{"class":56},"Copied",[50,15150,1408],{"class":64},[50,15152,11191],{"class":64},[50,15154,413],{"class":68},[50,15156,2896],{"class":72},[50,15158,413],{"class":68},[50,15160,1408],{"class":64},[50,15162,10898],{"class":111},[50,15164,78],{"class":64},[50,15166,408],{"class":68},[50,15168,12449],{"class":72},[50,15170,413],{"class":68},[50,15172,1408],{"class":64},[50,15174,314],{"class":111},[50,15176,1445],{"class":64},[50,15178,15179],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15180,1967],{"class":1806},[20,15182,15183],{},"Summary:",[233,15185,15186,15192],{},[236,15187,15188,15191],{},[15,15189,15190],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[236,15193,15194,15197],{},[15,15195,15196],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[36,15199,15201],{"id":15200},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15203,15204,1408],{},[15,15205,13480],{},[233,15207,15208,15211,15214,15217],{},[236,15209,15210],{},"Returns a dictionary",[236,15212,15213],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[236,15215,15216],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[236,15218,15219],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15221,2931],{},[41,15223,15225],{"className":43,"code":15224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15226,15227,15259,15275,15279,15297,15317,15321,15339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15228,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15230,1818],{"class":56},[50,15232,61],{"class":60},[50,15234,11191],{"class":64},[50,15236,69],{"class":68},[50,15238,335],{"class":72},[50,15240,69],{"class":68},[50,15242,1408],{"class":64},[50,15244,6212],{"class":111},[50,15246,78],{"class":64},[50,15248,81],{"class":68},[50,15250,344],{"class":72},[50,15252,69],{"class":68},[50,15254,1408],{"class":64},[50,15256,314],{"class":111},[50,15258,1445],{"class":64},[50,15260,15261,15264,15266,15269,15271,15273],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15262,15263],{"class":56},"data_copy ",[50,15265,61],{"class":60},[50,15267,15268],{"class":56}," data",[50,15270,838],{"class":64},[50,15272,13614],{"class":158},[50,15274,9354],{"class":64},[50,15276,15277],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15278,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,15280,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,15282,1845],{"class":56},[50,15284,4620],{"class":64},[50,15286,69],{"class":68},[50,15288,335],{"class":72},[50,15290,69],{"class":68},[50,15292,13976],{"class":64},[50,15294,13979],{"class":60},[50,15296,3309],{"class":111},[50,15298,15299,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,15300,15301],{"class":56},"data_copy",[50,15303,4620],{"class":64},[50,15305,69],{"class":68},[50,15307,344],{"class":72},[50,15309,69],{"class":68},[50,15311,13976],{"class":64},[50,15313,13979],{"class":60},[50,15315,15316],{"class":111}," 20\n",[50,15318,15319],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,15320,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,15322,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,15324,366],{"class":151},[50,15326,155],{"class":64},[50,15328,69],{"class":68},[50,15330,13997],{"class":72},[50,15332,69],{"class":68},[50,15334,78],{"class":64},[50,15336,15268],{"class":158},[50,15338,186],{"class":64},[50,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15356],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,15342,366],{"class":151},[50,15344,155],{"class":64},[50,15346,69],{"class":68},[50,15348,14016],{"class":72},[50,15350,69],{"class":68},[50,15352,78],{"class":64},[50,15354,15355],{"class":158}," data_copy",[50,15357,186],{"class":64},[20,15359,15360],{},[4465,15361,189],{},[41,15363,15365],{"className":43,"code":15364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15366,15367,15399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15368,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15370,14039],{"class":56},[50,15372,1408],{"class":64},[50,15374,11191],{"class":64},[50,15376,413],{"class":68},[50,15378,335],{"class":72},[50,15380,413],{"class":68},[50,15382,1408],{"class":64},[50,15384,6717],{"class":111},[50,15386,78],{"class":64},[50,15388,408],{"class":68},[50,15390,344],{"class":72},[50,15392,413],{"class":68},[50,15394,1408],{"class":64},[50,15396,314],{"class":111},[50,15398,1445],{"class":64},[50,15400,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15402,14076],{"class":56},[50,15404,1408],{"class":64},[50,15406,11191],{"class":64},[50,15408,413],{"class":68},[50,15410,335],{"class":72},[50,15412,413],{"class":68},[50,15414,1408],{"class":64},[50,15416,6212],{"class":111},[50,15418,78],{"class":64},[50,15420,408],{"class":68},[50,15422,344],{"class":72},[50,15424,413],{"class":68},[50,15426,1408],{"class":64},[50,15428,1873],{"class":111},[50,15430,1445],{"class":64},[36,15432,3553],{"id":3552},[20,15434,15435,15436,1408],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15437,13139],{},[233,15439,15440,15447,15452,15457],{},[236,15441,2447,15442,11794,15444,15446],{},[15,15443,61],{},[15,15445,13480],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[236,15448,5299,15449,15451],{},[15,15450,13480],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[236,15453,15454,15455],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15456,13480],{},[236,15458,15459],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15461,15462],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[41,15464,15466],{"className":43,"code":15465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15467,15468,15478,15488,15502,15525,15548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15469,15470,15472,15474,15476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15471,366],{"class":151},[50,15473,155],{"class":64},[50,15475,12837],{"class":158},[50,15477,186],{"class":64},[50,15479,15480,15482,15484,15486],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15481,366],{"class":151},[50,15483,155],{"class":64},[50,15485,15032],{"class":158},[50,15487,186],{"class":64},[50,15489,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15491,366],{"class":151},[50,15493,155],{"class":64},[50,15495,12790],{"class":158},[50,15497,12898],{"class":137},[50,15499,15086],{"class":158},[50,15501,186],{"class":64},[50,15503,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15519,15521,15523],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,15505,366],{"class":151},[50,15507,155],{"class":64},[50,15509,1761],{"class":151},[50,15511,155],{"class":64},[50,15513,12837],{"class":158},[50,15515,416],{"class":64},[50,15517,15518],{"class":151}," id",[50,15520,155],{"class":64},[50,15522,15032],{"class":158},[50,15524,1077],{"class":64},[50,15526,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541,15544,15546],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,15528,366],{"class":151},[50,15530,155],{"class":64},[50,15532,1761],{"class":151},[50,15534,155],{"class":64},[50,15536,12837],{"class":158},[50,15538,4620],{"class":64},[50,15540,69],{"class":68},[50,15542,15543],{"class":72},"key",[50,15545,69],{"class":68},[50,15547,3721],{"class":64},[50,15549,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,15551,366],{"class":151},[50,15553,155],{"class":64},[50,15555,1761],{"class":151},[50,15557,155],{"class":64},[50,15559,15032],{"class":158},[50,15561,4620],{"class":64},[50,15563,69],{"class":68},[50,15565,15543],{"class":72},[50,15567,69],{"class":68},[50,15569,3721],{"class":64},[20,15571,15572],{},"What these help you check:",[233,15574,15575,15578,15581],{},[236,15576,15577],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[236,15579,15580],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[236,15582,15583],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15585,15586,15587,838],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[335,15588,15590],{"href":15589},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[36,15592,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,15594,2569,15596,15598],{"id":15595},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15597,13139],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15600,15601],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1112,15603,15605,15606,15608],{"id":15604},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15607,13139],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15610,15611],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1112,15613,5893,15615,827,15617,2582],{"id":15614},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15616,13480],{},[15,15618,61],{},[20,15620,15621,15623,15624,15626],{},[15,15622,13480],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15625,61],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1112,15628,15630],{"id":15629},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15632,15633],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[36,15635,2610],{"id":2609},[233,15637,15638,15642,15646,15650,15657,15663],{},[236,15639,15640],{},[335,15641,11944],{"href":13729},[236,15643,15644],{},[335,15645,9868],{"href":13726},[236,15647,15648],{},[335,15649,14492],{"href":14491},[236,15651,15652],{},[335,15653,11438,15654,11442],{"href":14734},[15,15655,15656],{},"update()",[236,15658,15659],{},[335,15660,11438,15661,11442],{"href":13527},[15,15662,12023],{},[236,15664,15665],{},[335,15666,15667],{"href":15589},"How to copy a list in Python",[2640,15669,15670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":15672},[15673,15674,15676,15677,15678,15679,15681,15687,15688,15689,15698],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":13698,"depth":101,"text":15675},"What the copy() method does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":14136,"depth":101,"text":14137},{"id":14495,"depth":101,"text":15680},"When to use copy()",{"id":14744,"depth":101,"text":15682,"children":15683},"copy() vs assignment",[15684,15685],{"id":14761,"depth":127,"text":14762},{"id":14969,"depth":127,"text":15686},"Using copy()",{"id":15200,"depth":101,"text":15201},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":15690},[15691,15693,15695,15697],{"id":15595,"depth":127,"text":15692},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15604,"depth":127,"text":15694},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15614,"depth":127,"text":15696},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15629,"depth":127,"text":15630},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13533,"description":15699},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15706,"title":15707,"body":15708,"description":17903,"extension":2687,"meta":17904,"navigation":130,"path":13729,"seo":17905,"stem":17906,"__hash__":17907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15709,"toc":17865},[15710,15713,15719,15728,15730,15806,15810,15859,15862,15866,15880,15883,15887,15900,15903,15936,15950,15953,15965,15969,15972,15980,16060,16064,16117,16121,16139,16141,16223,16226,16228,16231,16234,16257,16281,16285,16293,16296,16300,16309,16314,16372,16376,16409,16415,16421,16424,16479,16483,16532,16535,16541,16544,16552,16554,16599,16604,16613,16616,16619,16666,16668,16673,16676,16769,16773,16826,16829,16885,16888,16892,16895,16909,16913,16979,16983,17008,17011,17015,17092,17096,17099,17102,17122,17125,17178,17182,17185,17188,17201,17203,17292,17299,17302,17313,17315,17318,17338,17342,17345,17354,17357,17396,17400,17402,17411,17420,17422,17460,17464,17511,17515,17536,17540,17543,17654,17659,17757,17779,17781,17785,17792,17796,17802,17806,17809,17813,17816,17823,17831,17833,17859,17862],[10,15711,15707],{"id":15712},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15714,15715,15716,15718],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[4465,15717,9844],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15720,15721,15722,3602,15724,838],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[335,15723,9868],{"href":9867},[335,15725,15727],{"href":15726},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[36,15729,39],{"id":38},[41,15731,15733],{"className":43,"code":15732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15734,15735,15743,15761,15775,15788,15792,15796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15736,15737,15739,15741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15738,13567],{"class":56},[50,15740,61],{"class":60},[50,15742,12196],{"class":64},[50,15744,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15746,12201],{"class":68},[50,15748,178],{"class":72},[50,15750,69],{"class":68},[50,15752,1408],{"class":64},[50,15754,81],{"class":68},[50,15756,73],{"class":72},[50,15758,69],{"class":68},[50,15760,12217],{"class":64},[50,15762,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15764,12201],{"class":68},[50,15766,1303],{"class":72},[50,15768,69],{"class":68},[50,15770,1408],{"class":64},[50,15772,1873],{"class":111},[50,15774,12217],{"class":64},[50,15776,15777,15779,15782,15784,15786],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,15778,12201],{"class":68},[50,15780,15781],{"class":72},"is_active",[50,15783,69],{"class":68},[50,15785,1408],{"class":64},[50,15787,7135],{"class":1806},[50,15789,15790],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,15791,1445],{"class":64},[50,15793,15794],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,15795,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,15797,15798,15800,15802,15804],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,15799,366],{"class":151},[50,15801,155],{"class":64},[50,15803,14327],{"class":158},[50,15805,186],{"class":64},[20,15807,15808],{},[4465,15809,189],{},[41,15811,15813],{"className":43,"code":15812,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15814,15815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15816,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15818,758],{"class":64},[50,15820,413],{"class":68},[50,15822,178],{"class":72},[50,15824,413],{"class":68},[50,15826,1408],{"class":64},[50,15828,408],{"class":68},[50,15830,73],{"class":72},[50,15832,413],{"class":68},[50,15834,78],{"class":64},[50,15836,408],{"class":68},[50,15838,1303],{"class":72},[50,15840,413],{"class":68},[50,15842,1408],{"class":64},[50,15844,1873],{"class":111},[50,15846,78],{"class":64},[50,15848,408],{"class":68},[50,15850,15781],{"class":72},[50,15852,413],{"class":68},[50,15854,1408],{"class":64},[50,15856,1807],{"class":1806},[50,15858,1445],{"class":64},[20,15860,15861],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[36,15863,15865],{"id":15864},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[233,15867,15868,15871,15874,15877],{},[236,15869,15870],{},"What a dictionary is",[236,15872,15873],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[236,15875,15876],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[236,15878,15879],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[36,15881,15870],{"id":15882},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15884,9841,15885,838],{},[4465,15886,9844],{},[233,15888,15889,15895],{},[236,15890,15891,15892,15894],{},"A ",[4465,15893,15543],{}," is the label",[236,15896,15891,15897,15899],{},[4465,15898,3197],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15901,15902],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[41,15904,15906],{"className":43,"code":15905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15907,15908,15916,15932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15909,15910,15912,15914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15911,13567],{"class":56},[50,15913,61],{"class":60},[50,15915,12196],{"class":64},[50,15917,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15919,12201],{"class":68},[50,15921,178],{"class":72},[50,15923,69],{"class":68},[50,15925,1408],{"class":64},[50,15927,81],{"class":68},[50,15929,73],{"class":72},[50,15931,4082],{"class":68},[50,15933,15934],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,15935,1445],{"class":64},[233,15937,15938,15944],{},[236,15939,15940,15943],{},[15,15941,15942],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[236,15945,15946,15949],{},[15,15947,15948],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15951,15952],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[233,15954,15955,15957,15959,15962],{},[236,15956,178],{},[236,15958,1303],{},[236,15960,15961],{},"email",[236,15963,15964],{},"country",[36,15966,15968],{"id":15967},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15970,15971],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15973,221,15974,15976,15977,838],{},[15,15975,4515],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15978,15979],{},"key: value",[41,15981,15983],{"className":43,"code":15982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15984,15985,15993,16011,16025,16042,16046,16050],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15986,15987,15989,15991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15988,13567],{"class":56},[50,15990,61],{"class":60},[50,15992,12196],{"class":64},[50,15994,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,15996,12201],{"class":68},[50,15998,178],{"class":72},[50,16000,69],{"class":68},[50,16002,1408],{"class":64},[50,16004,81],{"class":68},[50,16006,73],{"class":72},[50,16008,69],{"class":68},[50,16010,12217],{"class":64},[50,16012,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16014,12201],{"class":68},[50,16016,1303],{"class":72},[50,16018,69],{"class":68},[50,16020,1408],{"class":64},[50,16022,1873],{"class":111},[50,16024,12217],{"class":64},[50,16026,16027,16029,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16028,12201],{"class":68},[50,16030,16031],{"class":72},"course",[50,16033,69],{"class":68},[50,16035,1408],{"class":64},[50,16037,81],{"class":68},[50,16039,8010],{"class":72},[50,16041,4082],{"class":68},[50,16043,16044],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16045,1445],{"class":64},[50,16047,16048],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,16049,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16051,16052,16054,16056,16058],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,16053,366],{"class":151},[50,16055,155],{"class":64},[50,16057,14327],{"class":158},[50,16059,186],{"class":64},[20,16061,16062],{},[4465,16063,189],{},[41,16065,16067],{"className":43,"code":16066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,16068,16069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16070,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16072,758],{"class":64},[50,16074,413],{"class":68},[50,16076,178],{"class":72},[50,16078,413],{"class":68},[50,16080,1408],{"class":64},[50,16082,408],{"class":68},[50,16084,73],{"class":72},[50,16086,413],{"class":68},[50,16088,78],{"class":64},[50,16090,408],{"class":68},[50,16092,1303],{"class":72},[50,16094,413],{"class":68},[50,16096,1408],{"class":64},[50,16098,1873],{"class":111},[50,16100,78],{"class":64},[50,16102,408],{"class":68},[50,16104,16031],{"class":72},[50,16106,413],{"class":68},[50,16108,1408],{"class":64},[50,16110,408],{"class":68},[50,16112,8010],{"class":72},[50,16114,413],{"class":68},[50,16116,1445],{"class":64},[1112,16118,16120],{"id":16119},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[233,16122,16123,16128,16133,16136],{},[236,16124,221,16125,16127],{},[15,16126,4515],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[236,16129,16130,16131],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16132,15979],{},[236,16134,16135],{},"Separate items with commas",[236,16137,16138],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16140,2931],{},[41,16142,16144],{"className":43,"code":16143,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16145,16146,16155,16175,16191,16204,16208,16212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16147,16148,16151,16153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16149,16150],{"class":56},"book ",[50,16152,61],{"class":60},[50,16154,12196],{"class":64},[50,16156,16157,16159,16162,16164,16166,16168,16171,16173],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16158,12201],{"class":68},[50,16160,16161],{"class":72},"title",[50,16163,69],{"class":68},[50,16165,1408],{"class":64},[50,16167,81],{"class":68},[50,16169,16170],{"class":72},"Python Basics",[50,16172,69],{"class":68},[50,16174,12217],{"class":64},[50,16176,16177,16179,16182,16184,16186,16189],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16178,12201],{"class":68},[50,16180,16181],{"class":72},"pages",[50,16183,69],{"class":68},[50,16185,1408],{"class":64},[50,16187,16188],{"class":111}," 150",[50,16190,12217],{"class":64},[50,16192,16193,16195,16198,16200,16202],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16194,12201],{"class":68},[50,16196,16197],{"class":72},"available",[50,16199,69],{"class":68},[50,16201,1408],{"class":64},[50,16203,7135],{"class":1806},[50,16205,16206],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16207,1445],{"class":64},[50,16209,16210],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,16211,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16213,16214,16216,16218,16221],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,16215,366],{"class":151},[50,16217,155],{"class":64},[50,16219,16220],{"class":158},"book",[50,16222,186],{"class":64},[20,16224,16225],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[36,16227,10104],{"id":10103},[20,16229,16230],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16232,16233],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[41,16235,16237],{"className":43,"code":16236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16238,16239,16247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16240,16241,16243,16245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16242,1818],{"class":56},[50,16244,61],{"class":60},[50,16246,10539],{"class":64},[50,16248,16249,16251,16253,16255],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16250,366],{"class":151},[50,16252,155],{"class":64},[50,16254,1845],{"class":158},[50,16256,186],{"class":64},[41,16258,16259],{"className":43,"code":10107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,16260,16261,16271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16262,16263,16265,16267,16269],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16264,1818],{"class":56},[50,16266,61],{"class":60},[50,16268,1361],{"class":371},[50,16270,9354],{"class":64},[50,16272,16273,16275,16277,16279],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16274,366],{"class":151},[50,16276,155],{"class":64},[50,16278,1845],{"class":158},[50,16280,186],{"class":64},[20,16282,16283],{},[4465,16284,189],{},[41,16286,16287],{"className":43,"code":10136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,16288,16289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16290,16291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16292,10136],{"class":64},[20,16294,16295],{},"Both are correct.",[1112,16297,16299],{"id":16298},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16301,16302,16304,16305,16308],{},[15,16303,4515],{}," creates an empty ",[4465,16306,16307],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16310,16311,16312,838],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16313,4520],{},[41,16315,16317],{"className":43,"code":16316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16318,16319,16327,16339,16343,16357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16320,16321,16323,16325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16322,12428],{"class":56},[50,16324,61],{"class":60},[50,16326,10539],{"class":64},[50,16328,16329,16332,16334,16337],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16330,16331],{"class":56},"my_set ",[50,16333,61],{"class":60},[50,16335,16336],{"class":371}," set",[50,16338,9354],{"class":64},[50,16340,16341],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16342,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16344,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16346,366],{"class":151},[50,16348,155],{"class":64},[50,16350,3945],{"class":371},[50,16352,155],{"class":64},[50,16354,12152],{"class":158},[50,16356,1077],{"class":64},[50,16358,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16370],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16360,366],{"class":151},[50,16362,155],{"class":64},[50,16364,3945],{"class":371},[50,16366,155],{"class":64},[50,16368,16369],{"class":158},"my_set",[50,16371,1077],{"class":64},[20,16373,16374],{},[4465,16375,189],{},[41,16377,16379],{"className":43,"code":16378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16380,16381,16395],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16382,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16384,4014],{"class":60},[50,16386,4017],{"class":752},[50,16388,408],{"class":68},[50,16390,9533],{"class":72},[50,16392,413],{"class":68},[50,16394,4026],{"class":60},[50,16396,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16398,4014],{"class":60},[50,16400,4017],{"class":752},[50,16402,408],{"class":68},[50,16404,7000],{"class":72},[50,16406,413],{"class":68},[50,16408,4026],{"class":60},[36,16410,16412,16413],{"id":16411},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16414,9832],{},[20,16416,16417,16418,16420],{},"You can also use ",[15,16419,9832],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16422,16423],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[41,16425,16427],{"className":43,"code":16426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16428,16429,16469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16430,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16458,16460,16463,16465,16467],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16432,13567],{"class":56},[50,16434,61],{"class":60},[50,16436,1361],{"class":371},[50,16438,155],{"class":64},[50,16440,178],{"class":9886},[50,16442,61],{"class":60},[50,16444,69],{"class":68},[50,16446,73],{"class":72},[50,16448,69],{"class":68},[50,16450,78],{"class":64},[50,16452,9899],{"class":9886},[50,16454,61],{"class":60},[50,16456,16457],{"class":111},"20",[50,16459,78],{"class":64},[50,16461,16462],{"class":9886}," active",[50,16464,61],{"class":60},[50,16466,4326],{"class":1806},[50,16468,186],{"class":64},[50,16470,16471,16473,16475,16477],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16472,366],{"class":151},[50,16474,155],{"class":64},[50,16476,14327],{"class":158},[50,16478,186],{"class":64},[20,16480,16481],{},[4465,16482,189],{},[41,16484,16486],{"className":43,"code":16485,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16487,16488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16489,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16491,758],{"class":64},[50,16493,413],{"class":68},[50,16495,178],{"class":72},[50,16497,413],{"class":68},[50,16499,1408],{"class":64},[50,16501,408],{"class":68},[50,16503,73],{"class":72},[50,16505,413],{"class":68},[50,16507,78],{"class":64},[50,16509,408],{"class":68},[50,16511,1303],{"class":72},[50,16513,413],{"class":68},[50,16515,1408],{"class":64},[50,16517,1873],{"class":111},[50,16519,78],{"class":64},[50,16521,408],{"class":68},[50,16523,1778],{"class":72},[50,16525,413],{"class":68},[50,16527,1408],{"class":64},[50,16529,1807],{"class":1806},[50,16531,1445],{"class":64},[20,16533,16534],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1112,16536,16538,16539],{"id":16537},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16540,9832],{},[20,16542,16543],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[233,16545,16546,16549],{},[236,16547,16548],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[236,16550,16551],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16553,7401],{},[41,16555,16557],{"className":43,"code":16556,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16558,16559,16589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16560,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16562,12191],{"class":56},[50,16564,61],{"class":60},[50,16566,1361],{"class":371},[50,16568,155],{"class":64},[50,16570,178],{"class":9886},[50,16572,61],{"class":60},[50,16574,69],{"class":68},[50,16576,8390],{"class":72},[50,16578,69],{"class":68},[50,16580,78],{"class":64},[50,16582,9899],{"class":9886},[50,16584,61],{"class":60},[50,16586,9904],{"class":111},[50,16588,186],{"class":64},[50,16590,16591,16593,16595,16597],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16592,366],{"class":151},[50,16594,155],{"class":64},[50,16596,12285],{"class":158},[50,16598,186],{"class":64},[20,16600,5348,16601,16603],{},[4465,16602,5351],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[41,16605,16607],{"className":43,"code":16606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16608,16609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16610,16611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16612,16606],{"class":4385},[20,16614,16615],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16617,16618],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[41,16620,16622],{"className":43,"code":16621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16623,16624,16632,16648,16652,16656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16625,16626,16628,16630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16627,12191],{"class":56},[50,16629,61],{"class":60},[50,16631,12196],{"class":64},[50,16633,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16635,12201],{"class":68},[50,16637,11196],{"class":72},[50,16639,69],{"class":68},[50,16641,1408],{"class":64},[50,16643,81],{"class":68},[50,16645,8390],{"class":72},[50,16647,4082],{"class":68},[50,16649,16650],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16651,1445],{"class":64},[50,16653,16654],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16655,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16657,16658,16660,16662,16664],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16659,366],{"class":151},[50,16661,155],{"class":64},[50,16663,12285],{"class":158},[50,16665,186],{"class":64},[36,16667,10146],{"id":10145},[20,16669,16670,16672],{},[15,16671,9832],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16674,16675],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[41,16677,16679],{"className":43,"code":16678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16680,16681,16737,16741,16755,16759],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16682,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16684,1186],{"class":56},[50,16686,61],{"class":60},[50,16688,9929],{"class":64},[50,16690,69],{"class":68},[50,16692,178],{"class":72},[50,16694,69],{"class":68},[50,16696,78],{"class":64},[50,16698,81],{"class":68},[50,16700,73],{"class":72},[50,16702,69],{"class":68},[50,16704,416],{"class":64},[50,16706,419],{"class":64},[50,16708,69],{"class":68},[50,16710,1303],{"class":72},[50,16712,69],{"class":68},[50,16714,78],{"class":64},[50,16716,1873],{"class":111},[50,16718,416],{"class":64},[50,16720,419],{"class":64},[50,16722,69],{"class":68},[50,16724,1312],{"class":72},[50,16726,69],{"class":68},[50,16728,78],{"class":64},[50,16730,81],{"class":68},[50,16732,1343],{"class":72},[50,16734,69],{"class":68},[50,16736,448],{"class":64},[50,16738,16739],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16740,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16742,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16744,13567],{"class":56},[50,16746,61],{"class":60},[50,16748,1361],{"class":371},[50,16750,155],{"class":64},[50,16752,1214],{"class":158},[50,16754,186],{"class":64},[50,16756,16757],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16758,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16760,16761,16763,16765,16767],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16762,366],{"class":151},[50,16764,155],{"class":64},[50,16766,14327],{"class":158},[50,16768,186],{"class":64},[20,16770,16771],{},[4465,16772,189],{},[41,16774,16776],{"className":43,"code":16775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16777,16778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16781,758],{"class":64},[50,16783,413],{"class":68},[50,16785,178],{"class":72},[50,16787,413],{"class":68},[50,16789,1408],{"class":64},[50,16791,408],{"class":68},[50,16793,73],{"class":72},[50,16795,413],{"class":68},[50,16797,78],{"class":64},[50,16799,408],{"class":68},[50,16801,1303],{"class":72},[50,16803,413],{"class":68},[50,16805,1408],{"class":64},[50,16807,1873],{"class":111},[50,16809,78],{"class":64},[50,16811,408],{"class":68},[50,16813,1312],{"class":72},[50,16815,413],{"class":68},[50,16817,1408],{"class":64},[50,16819,408],{"class":68},[50,16821,1343],{"class":72},[50,16823,413],{"class":68},[50,16825,1445],{"class":64},[20,16827,16828],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[41,16830,16832],{"className":43,"code":16831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16833,16834,16875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16835,16836,16838,16840,16842,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16837,13567],{"class":56},[50,16839,61],{"class":60},[50,16841,1361],{"class":371},[50,16843,16844],{"class":64},"(((",[50,16846,69],{"class":68},[50,16848,178],{"class":72},[50,16850,69],{"class":68},[50,16852,78],{"class":64},[50,16854,81],{"class":68},[50,16856,73],{"class":72},[50,16858,69],{"class":68},[50,16860,416],{"class":64},[50,16862,419],{"class":64},[50,16864,69],{"class":68},[50,16866,1303],{"class":72},[50,16868,69],{"class":68},[50,16870,78],{"class":64},[50,16872,1873],{"class":111},[50,16874,389],{"class":64},[50,16876,16877,16879,16881,16883],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16878,366],{"class":151},[50,16880,155],{"class":64},[50,16882,14327],{"class":158},[50,16884,186],{"class":64},[20,16886,16887],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[36,16889,16891],{"id":16890},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16893,16894],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[233,16896,16897,16900,16903,16906],{},[236,16898,16899],{},"Keys must be unique",[236,16901,16902],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[236,16904,16905],{},"Values can repeat",[236,16907,16908],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1112,16910,16912],{"id":16911},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[41,16914,16916],{"className":43,"code":16915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16917,16918,16926,16944,16961,16965,16969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16919,16920,16922,16924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16921,1818],{"class":56},[50,16923,61],{"class":60},[50,16925,12196],{"class":64},[50,16927,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,16929,12201],{"class":68},[50,16931,178],{"class":72},[50,16933,69],{"class":68},[50,16935,1408],{"class":64},[50,16937,81],{"class":68},[50,16939,73],{"class":72},[50,16941,69],{"class":68},[50,16943,12217],{"class":64},[50,16945,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16959],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,16947,12201],{"class":68},[50,16949,178],{"class":72},[50,16951,69],{"class":68},[50,16953,1408],{"class":64},[50,16955,81],{"class":68},[50,16957,16958],{"class":72},"Maria",[50,16960,4082],{"class":68},[50,16962,16963],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,16964,1445],{"class":64},[50,16966,16967],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,16968,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,16970,16971,16973,16975,16977],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,16972,366],{"class":151},[50,16974,155],{"class":64},[50,16976,1845],{"class":158},[50,16978,186],{"class":64},[20,16980,16981],{},[4465,16982,189],{},[41,16984,16986],{"className":43,"code":16985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16987,16988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16989,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16991,758],{"class":64},[50,16993,413],{"class":68},[50,16995,178],{"class":72},[50,16997,413],{"class":68},[50,16999,1408],{"class":64},[50,17001,408],{"class":68},[50,17003,16958],{"class":72},[50,17005,413],{"class":68},[50,17007,1445],{"class":64},[20,17009,17010],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1112,17012,17014],{"id":17013},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[41,17016,17018],{"className":43,"code":17017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17019,17020,17028,17044,17060,17074,17078,17082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17021,17022,17024,17026],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17023,104],{"class":56},[50,17025,61],{"class":60},[50,17027,12196],{"class":64},[50,17029,17030,17033,17035,17037,17040,17042],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17031,17032],{"class":111},"    1",[50,17034,1408],{"class":64},[50,17036,81],{"class":68},[50,17038,17039],{"class":72},"low",[50,17041,69],{"class":68},[50,17043,12217],{"class":64},[50,17045,17046,17049,17051,17053,17056,17058],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17047,17048],{"class":111},"    2",[50,17050,1408],{"class":64},[50,17052,81],{"class":68},[50,17054,17055],{"class":72},"medium",[50,17057,69],{"class":68},[50,17059,12217],{"class":64},[50,17061,17062,17065,17067,17069,17072],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,17063,17064],{"class":111},"    3",[50,17066,1408],{"class":64},[50,17068,81],{"class":68},[50,17070,17071],{"class":72},"high",[50,17073,4082],{"class":68},[50,17075,17076],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,17077,1445],{"class":64},[50,17079,17080],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,17081,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,17083,17084,17086,17088,17090],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,17085,366],{"class":151},[50,17087,155],{"class":64},[50,17089,1074],{"class":158},[50,17091,186],{"class":64},[1112,17093,17095],{"id":17094},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17097,17098],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17100,17101],{},"This will cause an error:",[41,17103,17105],{"className":43,"code":17104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17106,17107,17112,17117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17108,17109],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17110,17111],{"class":4385},"# bad = {\n",[50,17113,17114],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17115,17116],{"class":4385},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[50,17118,17119],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17120,17121],{"class":4385},"# }\n",[20,17123,17124],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[41,17126,17128],{"className":43,"code":17127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17129,17130,17139,17159,17163,17167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17131,17132,17135,17137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17133,17134],{"class":56},"good ",[50,17136,61],{"class":60},[50,17138,12196],{"class":64},[50,17140,17141,17144,17146,17148,17150,17153,17155,17157],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17142,17143],{"class":64},"    (",[50,17145,309],{"class":111},[50,17147,78],{"class":64},[50,17149,314],{"class":111},[50,17151,17152],{"class":64},"):",[50,17154,81],{"class":68},[50,17156,381],{"class":72},[50,17158,4082],{"class":68},[50,17160,17161],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17162,1445],{"class":64},[50,17164,17165],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,17166,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,17168,17169,17171,17173,17176],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,17170,366],{"class":151},[50,17172,155],{"class":64},[50,17174,17175],{"class":158},"good",[50,17177,186],{"class":64},[36,17179,17181],{"id":17180},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17183,17184],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17186,17187],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[233,17189,17190,17193,17195,17198],{},[236,17191,17192],{},"user data",[236,17194,14586],{},[236,17196,17197],{},"counters",[236,17199,17200],{},"lookups",[20,17202,2931],{},[41,17204,17206],{"className":43,"code":17205,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17207,17208,17216,17235,17254,17266,17270,17274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17209,17210,17212,17214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17211,12191],{"class":56},[50,17213,61],{"class":60},[50,17215,12196],{"class":64},[50,17217,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17231,17233],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17219,12201],{"class":68},[50,17221,8698],{"class":72},[50,17223,69],{"class":68},[50,17225,1408],{"class":64},[50,17227,81],{"class":68},[50,17229,17230],{"class":72},"ana123",[50,17232,69],{"class":68},[50,17234,12217],{"class":64},[50,17236,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17250,17252],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17238,12201],{"class":68},[50,17240,15961],{"class":72},[50,17242,69],{"class":68},[50,17244,1408],{"class":64},[50,17246,81],{"class":68},[50,17248,17249],{"class":72},"ana@example.com",[50,17251,69],{"class":68},[50,17253,12217],{"class":64},[50,17255,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,17257,12201],{"class":68},[50,17259,13219],{"class":72},[50,17261,69],{"class":68},[50,17263,1408],{"class":64},[50,17265,7135],{"class":1806},[50,17267,17268],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,17269,1445],{"class":64},[50,17271,17272],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,17273,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,17275,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,17277,366],{"class":151},[50,17279,155],{"class":64},[50,17281,12285],{"class":158},[50,17283,4620],{"class":64},[50,17285,69],{"class":68},[50,17287,15961],{"class":72},[50,17289,69],{"class":68},[50,17291,2210],{"class":64},[20,17293,17294,17295,838],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[335,17296,17298],{"href":17297},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17300,17301],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[233,17303,17304,17307,17310],{},[236,17305,17306],{},"labels are not needed",[236,17308,17309],{},"you mostly care about position",[236,17311,17312],{},"order matters more than named fields",[36,17314,3553],{"id":3552},[20,17316,17317],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[233,17319,17320,17323,17326,17329,17332],{},[236,17321,17322],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[236,17324,17325],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[236,17327,17328],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[236,17330,17331],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[236,17333,17334,17335,17337],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17336,4515],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1112,17339,17341],{"id":17340},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17343,17344],{},"Wrong:",[41,17346,17348],{"className":43,"code":17347,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17349,17350],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17351,17352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17353,17347],{"class":4385},[20,17355,17356],{},"Correct:",[41,17358,17360],{"className":43,"code":17359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17361,17362,17386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17363,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17365,13567],{"class":56},[50,17367,61],{"class":60},[50,17369,11191],{"class":64},[50,17371,69],{"class":68},[50,17373,178],{"class":72},[50,17375,69],{"class":68},[50,17377,1408],{"class":64},[50,17379,81],{"class":68},[50,17381,73],{"class":72},[50,17383,69],{"class":68},[50,17385,1445],{"class":64},[50,17387,17388,17390,17392,17394],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17389,366],{"class":151},[50,17391,155],{"class":64},[50,17393,14327],{"class":158},[50,17395,186],{"class":64},[1112,17397,17399],{"id":17398},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17401,17344],{},[41,17403,17405],{"className":43,"code":17404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17406,17407],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17408,17409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17410,17404],{"class":4385},[20,17412,17413,17414,17416,17417,17419],{},"This only works if ",[15,17415,178],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17418,15942],{},", use quotes.",[20,17421,17356],{},[41,17423,17424],{"className":43,"code":17359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,17425,17426,17450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17427,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17429,13567],{"class":56},[50,17431,61],{"class":60},[50,17433,11191],{"class":64},[50,17435,69],{"class":68},[50,17437,178],{"class":72},[50,17439,69],{"class":68},[50,17441,1408],{"class":64},[50,17443,81],{"class":68},[50,17445,73],{"class":72},[50,17447,69],{"class":68},[50,17449,1445],{"class":64},[50,17451,17452,17454,17456,17458],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17453,366],{"class":151},[50,17455,155],{"class":64},[50,17457,14327],{"class":158},[50,17459,186],{"class":64},[1112,17461,17463],{"id":17462},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[41,17465,17467],{"className":43,"code":17466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17468,17469,17501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17470,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17472,1818],{"class":56},[50,17474,61],{"class":60},[50,17476,11191],{"class":64},[50,17478,69],{"class":68},[50,17480,1303],{"class":72},[50,17482,69],{"class":68},[50,17484,1408],{"class":64},[50,17486,1873],{"class":111},[50,17488,78],{"class":64},[50,17490,81],{"class":68},[50,17492,1303],{"class":72},[50,17494,69],{"class":68},[50,17496,1408],{"class":64},[50,17498,1878],{"class":111},[50,17500,1445],{"class":64},[50,17502,17503,17505,17507,17509],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17504,366],{"class":151},[50,17506,155],{"class":64},[50,17508,1845],{"class":158},[50,17510,186],{"class":64},[20,17512,17513],{},[4465,17514,189],{},[41,17516,17518],{"className":43,"code":17517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17519,17520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17521,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17523,758],{"class":64},[50,17525,413],{"class":68},[50,17527,1303],{"class":72},[50,17529,413],{"class":68},[50,17531,1408],{"class":64},[50,17533,1878],{"class":111},[50,17535,1445],{"class":64},[36,17537,17539],{"id":17538},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17541,17542],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[41,17544,17546],{"className":43,"code":17545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17547,17548,17584,17588,17598,17612,17626,17640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17551,12428],{"class":56},[50,17553,61],{"class":60},[50,17555,11191],{"class":64},[50,17557,69],{"class":68},[50,17559,178],{"class":72},[50,17561,69],{"class":68},[50,17563,1408],{"class":64},[50,17565,81],{"class":68},[50,17567,73],{"class":72},[50,17569,69],{"class":68},[50,17571,78],{"class":64},[50,17573,81],{"class":68},[50,17575,1303],{"class":72},[50,17577,69],{"class":68},[50,17579,1408],{"class":64},[50,17581,1873],{"class":111},[50,17583,1445],{"class":64},[50,17585,17586],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17587,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,17589,17590,17592,17594,17596],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17591,366],{"class":151},[50,17593,155],{"class":64},[50,17595,12152],{"class":158},[50,17597,186],{"class":64},[50,17599,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,17601,366],{"class":151},[50,17603,155],{"class":64},[50,17605,3945],{"class":371},[50,17607,155],{"class":64},[50,17609,12152],{"class":158},[50,17611,1077],{"class":64},[50,17613,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,17615,366],{"class":151},[50,17617,155],{"class":64},[50,17619,12152],{"class":158},[50,17621,838],{"class":64},[50,17623,1370],{"class":158},[50,17625,7908],{"class":64},[50,17627,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,17629,366],{"class":151},[50,17631,155],{"class":64},[50,17633,12152],{"class":158},[50,17635,838],{"class":64},[50,17637,6072],{"class":158},[50,17639,7908],{"class":64},[50,17641,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,17643,366],{"class":151},[50,17645,155],{"class":64},[50,17647,1060],{"class":151},[50,17649,155],{"class":64},[50,17651,12152],{"class":158},[50,17653,1077],{"class":64},[20,17655,17656],{},[4465,17657,17658],{},"Example output:",[41,17660,17662],{"className":43,"code":17661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17663,17664,17696,17710,17733,17752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17665,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17667,758],{"class":64},[50,17669,413],{"class":68},[50,17671,178],{"class":72},[50,17673,413],{"class":68},[50,17675,1408],{"class":64},[50,17677,408],{"class":68},[50,17679,73],{"class":72},[50,17681,413],{"class":68},[50,17683,78],{"class":64},[50,17685,408],{"class":68},[50,17687,1303],{"class":72},[50,17689,413],{"class":68},[50,17691,1408],{"class":64},[50,17693,1873],{"class":111},[50,17695,1445],{"class":64},[50,17697,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17699,4014],{"class":60},[50,17701,4017],{"class":752},[50,17703,408],{"class":68},[50,17705,9533],{"class":72},[50,17707,413],{"class":68},[50,17709,4026],{"class":60},[50,17711,17712,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,17713,17714],{"class":158},"dict_keys",[50,17716,2182],{"class":64},[50,17718,413],{"class":68},[50,17720,178],{"class":72},[50,17722,413],{"class":68},[50,17724,78],{"class":64},[50,17726,408],{"class":68},[50,17728,1303],{"class":72},[50,17730,413],{"class":68},[50,17732,2210],{"class":64},[50,17734,17735,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,17736,17737],{"class":158},"dict_values",[50,17739,2182],{"class":64},[50,17741,413],{"class":68},[50,17743,73],{"class":72},[50,17745,413],{"class":68},[50,17747,78],{"class":64},[50,17749,1873],{"class":111},[50,17751,2210],{"class":64},[50,17753,17754],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,17755,17756],{"class":111},"2\n",[20,17758,17759,17760,2912,17766,17772,17773,838],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[335,17761,11438,17763],{"href":17762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17764,17765],{},"keys()",[335,17767,11438,17769],{"href":17768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17770,17771],{},"values()",", and ",[335,17774,11438,17776],{"href":17775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17777,17778],{},"items()",[36,17780,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,17782,17784],{"id":17783},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17786,221,17787,3602,17789,17791],{},[15,17788,4515],{},[15,17790,9832],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1112,17793,17795],{"id":17794},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17797,17798,17799,838],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17800,17801],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1112,17803,17805],{"id":17804},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17807,17808],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1112,17810,17812],{"id":17811},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17814,17815],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1112,17817,5893,17819,827,17821,2582],{"id":17818},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17820,4515],{},[15,17822,9832],{},[20,17824,17825,17827,17828,17830],{},[15,17826,4515],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17829,9832],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[36,17832,2610],{"id":2609},[233,17834,17835,17839,17845,17849,17855],{},[236,17836,17837],{},[335,17838,9868],{"href":9867},[236,17840,17841],{},[335,17842,11438,17843,11442],{"href":11437},[15,17844,11441],{},[236,17846,17847],{},[335,17848,11953],{"href":11432},[236,17850,17851],{},[335,17852,17854],{"href":17853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[236,17856,17857],{},[335,17858,11964],{"href":11776},[20,17860,17861],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2640,17863,17864],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":17866},[17867,17868,17869,17870,17873,17876,17881,17882,17887,17888,17893,17894,17902],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":15882,"depth":101,"text":15870},{"id":15967,"depth":101,"text":15968,"children":17871},[17872],{"id":16119,"depth":127,"text":16120},{"id":10103,"depth":101,"text":10104,"children":17874},[17875],{"id":16298,"depth":127,"text":16299},{"id":16411,"depth":101,"text":17877,"children":17878},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17879],{"id":16537,"depth":127,"text":17880},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10145,"depth":101,"text":10146},{"id":16890,"depth":101,"text":16891,"children":17883},[17884,17885,17886],{"id":16911,"depth":127,"text":16912},{"id":17013,"depth":127,"text":17014},{"id":17094,"depth":127,"text":17095},{"id":17180,"depth":101,"text":17181},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":17889},[17890,17891,17892],{"id":17340,"depth":127,"text":17341},{"id":17398,"depth":127,"text":17399},{"id":17462,"depth":127,"text":17463},{"id":17538,"depth":101,"text":17539},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":17895},[17896,17897,17898,17899,17900],{"id":17783,"depth":127,"text":17784},{"id":17794,"depth":127,"text":17795},{"id":17804,"depth":127,"text":17805},{"id":17811,"depth":127,"text":17812},{"id":17818,"depth":127,"text":17901},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15707,"description":17903},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17909,"title":17910,"body":17911,"description":20359,"extension":2687,"meta":20360,"navigation":130,"path":20361,"seo":20362,"stem":20363,"__hash__":20364},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17912,"toc":20315},[17913,17919,17925,17928,17931,17933,18013,18019,18024,18028,18046,18058,18063,18067,18090,18094,18106,18114,18118,18124,18126,18129,18204,18206,18251,18253,18270,18275,18281,18286,18360,18362,18407,18410,18421,18423,18542,18544,18597,18604,18608,18611,18628,18634,18638,18736,18738,18789,18796,18800,18806,18809,18812,18839,18844,18848,18851,18955,18957,19002,19005,19008,19013,19018,19029,19031,19092,19152,19158,19166,19172,19177,19182,19242,19246,19313,19316,19320,19391,19394,19407,19414,19416,19420,19424,19495,19497,19534,19537,19540,19603,19610,19613,19655,19665,19668,19737,19743,19748,19832,19834,19883,19890,19896,19941,19943,19976,19981,19985,19991,20030,20074,20142,20185,20187,20193,20196,20200,20205,20209,20212,20216,20218,20279,20281,20307,20312],[10,17914,12020,17916,12024],{"id":17915},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17917,17918],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17920,17921,17924],{},[15,17922,17923],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17926,17927],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17929,17930],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[36,17932,39],{"id":38},[41,17934,17936],{"className":43,"code":17935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17937,17938,17970,17998,18008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17939,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17941,1286],{"class":56},[50,17943,61],{"class":60},[50,17945,65],{"class":64},[50,17947,69],{"class":68},[50,17949,178],{"class":72},[50,17951,69],{"class":68},[50,17953,78],{"class":64},[50,17955,81],{"class":68},[50,17957,1303],{"class":72},[50,17959,69],{"class":68},[50,17961,78],{"class":64},[50,17963,81],{"class":68},[50,17965,1312],{"class":72},[50,17967,69],{"class":68},[50,17969,98],{"class":64},[50,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17994,17996],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,17973,1356],{"class":56},[50,17975,61],{"class":60},[50,17977,1361],{"class":371},[50,17979,838],{"class":64},[50,17981,17982],{"class":158},"fromkeys",[50,17984,155],{"class":64},[50,17986,1370],{"class":158},[50,17988,78],{"class":64},[50,17990,81],{"class":68},[50,17992,17993],{"class":72},"unknown",[50,17995,69],{"class":68},[50,17997,186],{"class":64},[50,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18001,366],{"class":151},[50,18003,155],{"class":64},[50,18005,1386],{"class":158},[50,18007,186],{"class":64},[50,18009,18010],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18011,18012],{"class":4385},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,18014,221,18015,18018],{},[15,18016,18017],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[36,18020,228,18022,231],{"id":18021},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,18023,17923],{},[20,18025,18026,1408],{},[15,18027,17923],{},[233,18029,18030,18033,18036,18039],{},[236,18031,18032],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[236,18034,18035],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[236,18037,18038],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[236,18040,18041,18042,18045],{},"Is called as ",[15,18043,18044],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,18047,18048,18049,18051,18052,18054,18055,838],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,18050,9533],{},", so you write ",[15,18053,18044],{}," instead of something like ",[15,18056,18057],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,18059,18060,18061,838],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[335,18062,9868],{"href":13726},[36,18064,18066],{"id":18065},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[41,18068,18070],{"className":43,"code":18069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,18071,18072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18073,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18075,9533],{"class":371},[50,18077,838],{"class":64},[50,18079,17982],{"class":158},[50,18081,155],{"class":64},[50,18083,4442],{"class":158},[50,18085,78],{"class":64},[50,18087,9144],{"class":158},[50,18089,186],{"class":64},[1112,18091,18093],{"id":18092},"parameters","Parameters",[233,18095,18096,18101],{},[236,18097,18098,18100],{},[15,18099,4442],{},": the keys to use",[236,18102,18103,18105],{},[15,18104,3197],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18107,18108,18109,18111,18112,838],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18110,3197],{},", each key gets ",[15,18113,4501],{},[1112,18115,18117],{"id":18116},"return-value","Return value",[20,18119,18120,18121,838],{},"It returns a ",[4465,18122,18123],{},"new dictionary",[36,18125,6501],{"id":6500},[20,18127,18128],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[41,18130,18132],{"className":43,"code":18131,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18133,18134,18167,18189,18193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18135,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18137,1286],{"class":56},[50,18139,61],{"class":60},[50,18141,65],{"class":64},[50,18143,69],{"class":68},[50,18145,13796],{"class":72},[50,18147,69],{"class":68},[50,18149,78],{"class":64},[50,18151,81],{"class":68},[50,18153,18154],{"class":72},"green",[50,18156,69],{"class":68},[50,18158,78],{"class":64},[50,18160,81],{"class":68},[50,18162,13813],{"class":72},[50,18164,69],{"class":68},[50,18166,98],{"class":64},[50,18168,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,18170,13779],{"class":56},[50,18172,61],{"class":60},[50,18174,1361],{"class":371},[50,18176,838],{"class":64},[50,18178,17982],{"class":158},[50,18180,155],{"class":64},[50,18182,1370],{"class":158},[50,18184,78],{"class":64},[50,18186,4556],{"class":111},[50,18188,186],{"class":64},[50,18190,18191],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18192,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18194,18195,18197,18199,18202],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18196,366],{"class":151},[50,18198,155],{"class":64},[50,18200,18201],{"class":158},"colors",[50,18203,186],{"class":64},[20,18205,189],{},[41,18207,18209],{"className":43,"code":18208,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18210,18211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18212,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18214,758],{"class":64},[50,18216,413],{"class":68},[50,18218,13796],{"class":72},[50,18220,413],{"class":68},[50,18222,1408],{"class":64},[50,18224,4556],{"class":111},[50,18226,78],{"class":64},[50,18228,408],{"class":68},[50,18230,18154],{"class":72},[50,18232,413],{"class":68},[50,18234,1408],{"class":64},[50,18236,4556],{"class":111},[50,18238,78],{"class":64},[50,18240,408],{"class":68},[50,18242,13813],{"class":72},[50,18244,413],{"class":68},[50,18246,1408],{"class":64},[50,18248,4556],{"class":111},[50,18250,1445],{"class":64},[20,18252,12387],{},[233,18254,18255,18260,18265],{},[236,18256,18257,18259],{},[15,18258,1370],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[236,18261,18262,18264],{},[15,18263,2842],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[236,18266,18267,18269],{},[15,18268,17923],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18271,18272,18273,838],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[335,18274,10093],{"href":13729},[36,18276,2447,18278,18280],{"id":18277},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18279,17918],{}," without a value",[20,18282,18283,18284,838],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18285,4501],{},[41,18287,18289],{"className":43,"code":18288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18290,18291,18325,18345,18349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18292,18293,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18321,18323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18294,18295],{"class":56},"fields ",[50,18297,61],{"class":60},[50,18299,65],{"class":64},[50,18301,69],{"class":68},[50,18303,8698],{"class":72},[50,18305,69],{"class":68},[50,18307,78],{"class":64},[50,18309,81],{"class":68},[50,18311,15961],{"class":72},[50,18313,69],{"class":68},[50,18315,78],{"class":64},[50,18317,81],{"class":68},[50,18319,18320],{"class":72},"password",[50,18322,69],{"class":68},[50,18324,98],{"class":64},[50,18326,18327,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18343],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,18328,18329],{"class":56},"user_data ",[50,18331,61],{"class":60},[50,18333,1361],{"class":371},[50,18335,838],{"class":64},[50,18337,17982],{"class":158},[50,18339,155],{"class":64},[50,18341,18342],{"class":158},"fields",[50,18344,186],{"class":64},[50,18346,18347],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18348,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18350,18351,18353,18355,18358],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18352,366],{"class":151},[50,18354,155],{"class":64},[50,18356,18357],{"class":158},"user_data",[50,18359,186],{"class":64},[20,18361,189],{},[41,18363,18365],{"className":43,"code":18364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18366,18367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18368,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18370,758],{"class":64},[50,18372,413],{"class":68},[50,18374,8698],{"class":72},[50,18376,413],{"class":68},[50,18378,1408],{"class":64},[50,18380,4575],{"class":1806},[50,18382,78],{"class":64},[50,18384,408],{"class":68},[50,18386,15961],{"class":72},[50,18388,413],{"class":68},[50,18390,1408],{"class":64},[50,18392,4575],{"class":1806},[50,18394,78],{"class":64},[50,18396,408],{"class":68},[50,18398,18320],{"class":72},[50,18400,413],{"class":68},[50,18402,1408],{"class":64},[50,18404,4575],{"class":1806},[50,18406,1445],{"class":64},[20,18408,18409],{},"This is useful when:",[233,18411,18412,18415,18418],{},[236,18413,18414],{},"You want to create the keys first",[236,18416,18417],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[236,18419,18420],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18422,2931],{},[41,18424,18426],{"className":43,"code":18425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18427,18428,18460,18478,18482,18505,18528,18532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18431,18295],{"class":56},[50,18433,61],{"class":60},[50,18435,65],{"class":64},[50,18437,69],{"class":68},[50,18439,8698],{"class":72},[50,18441,69],{"class":68},[50,18443,78],{"class":64},[50,18445,81],{"class":68},[50,18447,15961],{"class":72},[50,18449,69],{"class":68},[50,18451,78],{"class":64},[50,18453,81],{"class":68},[50,18455,18320],{"class":72},[50,18457,69],{"class":68},[50,18459,98],{"class":64},[50,18461,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,18463,18329],{"class":56},[50,18465,61],{"class":60},[50,18467,1361],{"class":371},[50,18469,838],{"class":64},[50,18471,17982],{"class":158},[50,18473,155],{"class":64},[50,18475,18342],{"class":158},[50,18477,186],{"class":64},[50,18479,18480],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18481,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18483,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18503],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18485,18357],{"class":56},[50,18487,4620],{"class":64},[50,18489,69],{"class":68},[50,18491,8698],{"class":72},[50,18493,69],{"class":68},[50,18495,13976],{"class":64},[50,18497,13979],{"class":60},[50,18499,81],{"class":68},[50,18501,18502],{"class":72},"alice",[50,18504,4082],{"class":68},[50,18506,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18526],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,18508,18357],{"class":56},[50,18510,4620],{"class":64},[50,18512,69],{"class":68},[50,18514,15961],{"class":72},[50,18516,69],{"class":68},[50,18518,13976],{"class":64},[50,18520,13979],{"class":60},[50,18522,81],{"class":68},[50,18524,18525],{"class":72},"alice@example.com",[50,18527,4082],{"class":68},[50,18529,18530],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,18531,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18533,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,18535,366],{"class":151},[50,18537,155],{"class":64},[50,18539,18357],{"class":158},[50,18541,186],{"class":64},[20,18543,189],{},[41,18545,18547],{"className":43,"code":18546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18548,18549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18552,758],{"class":64},[50,18554,413],{"class":68},[50,18556,8698],{"class":72},[50,18558,413],{"class":68},[50,18560,1408],{"class":64},[50,18562,408],{"class":68},[50,18564,18502],{"class":72},[50,18566,413],{"class":68},[50,18568,78],{"class":64},[50,18570,408],{"class":68},[50,18572,15961],{"class":72},[50,18574,413],{"class":68},[50,18576,1408],{"class":64},[50,18578,408],{"class":68},[50,18580,18525],{"class":72},[50,18582,413],{"class":68},[50,18584,78],{"class":64},[50,18586,408],{"class":68},[50,18588,18320],{"class":72},[50,18590,413],{"class":68},[50,18592,1408],{"class":64},[50,18594,4575],{"class":1806},[50,18596,1445],{"class":64},[20,18598,18599,18600,838],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[335,18601,18603],{"href":18602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,18605,18607],{"id":18606},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18609,18610],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[233,18612,18613,18618,18623],{},[236,18614,18615,18617],{},[15,18616,4510],{}," (list)",[236,18619,18620,18622],{},[15,18621,4515],{}," (dictionary)",[236,18624,18625,18627],{},[15,18626,4520],{}," (set)",[20,18629,18630,18631,838],{},"All keys will point to the ",[4465,18632,18633],{},"same object",[1112,18635,18637],{"id":18636},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[41,18639,18641],{"className":43,"code":18640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18642,18643,18675,18696,18700,18722,18726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18644,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18646,1286],{"class":56},[50,18648,61],{"class":60},[50,18650,65],{"class":64},[50,18652,69],{"class":68},[50,18654,335],{"class":72},[50,18656,69],{"class":68},[50,18658,78],{"class":64},[50,18660,81],{"class":68},[50,18662,344],{"class":72},[50,18664,69],{"class":68},[50,18666,78],{"class":64},[50,18668,81],{"class":68},[50,18670,353],{"class":72},[50,18672,69],{"class":68},[50,18674,98],{"class":64},[50,18676,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,18678,1818],{"class":56},[50,18680,61],{"class":60},[50,18682,1361],{"class":371},[50,18684,838],{"class":64},[50,18686,17982],{"class":158},[50,18688,155],{"class":64},[50,18690,1370],{"class":158},[50,18692,78],{"class":64},[50,18694,18695],{"class":64}," [])\n",[50,18697,18698],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18699,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18701,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18703,1845],{"class":56},[50,18705,4620],{"class":64},[50,18707,69],{"class":68},[50,18709,335],{"class":72},[50,18711,69],{"class":68},[50,18713,14251],{"class":64},[50,18715,14254],{"class":158},[50,18717,155],{"class":64},[50,18719,309],{"class":111},[50,18721,186],{"class":64},[50,18723,18724],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,18725,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18727,18728,18730,18732,18734],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,18729,366],{"class":151},[50,18731,155],{"class":64},[50,18733,1845],{"class":158},[50,18735,186],{"class":64},[20,18737,189],{},[41,18739,18741],{"className":43,"code":18740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18742,18743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18744,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18746,758],{"class":64},[50,18748,413],{"class":68},[50,18750,335],{"class":72},[50,18752,413],{"class":68},[50,18754,1408],{"class":64},[50,18756,65],{"class":64},[50,18758,309],{"class":111},[50,18760,2191],{"class":64},[50,18762,408],{"class":68},[50,18764,344],{"class":72},[50,18766,413],{"class":68},[50,18768,1408],{"class":64},[50,18770,65],{"class":64},[50,18772,309],{"class":111},[50,18774,2191],{"class":64},[50,18776,408],{"class":68},[50,18778,353],{"class":72},[50,18780,413],{"class":68},[50,18782,1408],{"class":64},[50,18784,65],{"class":64},[50,18786,309],{"class":111},[50,18788,14407],{"class":64},[20,18790,18791,18792,18795],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18793,18794],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1112,18797,18799],{"id":18798},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18801,18802,18805],{},[15,18803,18804],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18807,18808],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18810,18811],{},"So this:",[41,18813,18815],{"className":43,"code":18814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18816,18817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18818,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18820,1845],{"class":56},[50,18822,4620],{"class":64},[50,18824,69],{"class":68},[50,18826,335],{"class":72},[50,18828,69],{"class":68},[50,18830,14251],{"class":64},[50,18832,14254],{"class":158},[50,18834,155],{"class":64},[50,18836,309],{"class":111},[50,18838,186],{"class":64},[20,18840,18841,18842,838],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18843,18794],{},[1112,18845,18847],{"id":18846},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18849,18850],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[41,18852,18854],{"className":43,"code":18853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18855,18856,18888,18915,18919,18941,18945],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18857,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18859,1286],{"class":56},[50,18861,61],{"class":60},[50,18863,65],{"class":64},[50,18865,69],{"class":68},[50,18867,335],{"class":72},[50,18869,69],{"class":68},[50,18871,78],{"class":64},[50,18873,81],{"class":68},[50,18875,344],{"class":72},[50,18877,69],{"class":68},[50,18879,78],{"class":64},[50,18881,81],{"class":68},[50,18883,353],{"class":72},[50,18885,69],{"class":68},[50,18887,98],{"class":64},[50,18889,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18903,18905,18908,18910,18913],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,18891,1818],{"class":56},[50,18893,61],{"class":60},[50,18895,11191],{"class":64},[50,18897,15543],{"class":56},[50,18899,1408],{"class":64},[50,18901,18902],{"class":64}," []",[50,18904,4599],{"class":137},[50,18906,18907],{"class":56}," key ",[50,18909,148],{"class":137},[50,18911,18912],{"class":56}," keys",[50,18914,1445],{"class":64},[50,18916,18917],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,18918,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,18922,1845],{"class":56},[50,18924,4620],{"class":64},[50,18926,69],{"class":68},[50,18928,335],{"class":72},[50,18930,69],{"class":68},[50,18932,14251],{"class":64},[50,18934,14254],{"class":158},[50,18936,155],{"class":64},[50,18938,309],{"class":111},[50,18940,186],{"class":64},[50,18942,18943],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,18944,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,18946,18947,18949,18951,18953],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,18948,366],{"class":151},[50,18950,155],{"class":64},[50,18952,1845],{"class":158},[50,18954,186],{"class":64},[20,18956,189],{},[41,18958,18960],{"className":43,"code":18959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18961,18962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18965,758],{"class":64},[50,18967,413],{"class":68},[50,18969,335],{"class":72},[50,18971,413],{"class":68},[50,18973,1408],{"class":64},[50,18975,65],{"class":64},[50,18977,309],{"class":111},[50,18979,2191],{"class":64},[50,18981,408],{"class":68},[50,18983,344],{"class":72},[50,18985,413],{"class":68},[50,18987,1408],{"class":64},[50,18989,18990],{"class":64}," [],",[50,18992,408],{"class":68},[50,18994,353],{"class":72},[50,18996,413],{"class":68},[50,18998,1408],{"class":64},[50,19000,19001],{"class":64}," []}\n",[20,19003,19004],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,19006,19007],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[36,19009,5681,19011],{"id":19010},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,19012,17918],{},[20,19014,19015,19017],{},[15,19016,17923],{}," is a good choice when:",[233,19019,19020,19023,19026],{},[236,19021,19022],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[236,19024,19025],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[236,19027,19028],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,19030,2848],{},[41,19032,19034],{"className":43,"code":19033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,19035,19036,19081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19037,19038,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19073,19075,19077,19079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19039,19040],{"class":56},"flags ",[50,19042,61],{"class":60},[50,19044,1361],{"class":371},[50,19046,838],{"class":64},[50,19048,17982],{"class":158},[50,19050,2182],{"class":64},[50,19052,69],{"class":68},[50,19054,19055],{"class":72},"is_admin",[50,19057,69],{"class":68},[50,19059,78],{"class":64},[50,19061,81],{"class":68},[50,19063,15781],{"class":72},[50,19065,69],{"class":68},[50,19067,78],{"class":64},[50,19069,81],{"class":68},[50,19071,19072],{"class":72},"is_verified",[50,19074,69],{"class":68},[50,19076,2191],{"class":64},[50,19078,4627],{"class":1806},[50,19080,186],{"class":64},[50,19082,19083,19085,19087,19090],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19084,366],{"class":151},[50,19086,155],{"class":64},[50,19088,19089],{"class":158},"flags",[50,19091,186],{"class":64},[41,19093,19095],{"className":43,"code":19094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19096,19097,19142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19098,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19116,19118,19120,19122,19125,19127,19129,19131,19134,19136,19138,19140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19100,104],{"class":56},[50,19102,61],{"class":60},[50,19104,1361],{"class":371},[50,19106,838],{"class":64},[50,19108,17982],{"class":158},[50,19110,2182],{"class":64},[50,19112,69],{"class":68},[50,19114,19115],{"class":72},"math",[50,19117,69],{"class":68},[50,19119,78],{"class":64},[50,19121,81],{"class":68},[50,19123,19124],{"class":72},"science",[50,19126,69],{"class":68},[50,19128,78],{"class":64},[50,19130,81],{"class":68},[50,19132,19133],{"class":72},"history",[50,19135,69],{"class":68},[50,19137,2191],{"class":64},[50,19139,4556],{"class":111},[50,19141,186],{"class":64},[50,19143,19144,19146,19148,19150],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19145,366],{"class":151},[50,19147,155],{"class":64},[50,19149,1074],{"class":158},[50,19151,186],{"class":64},[20,19153,19154,19155,19157],{},"It is ",[4465,19156,5351],{}," the best choice when:",[233,19159,19160,19163],{},[236,19161,19162],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[236,19164,19165],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[36,19167,19169,19171],{"id":19168},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19170,17918],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19173,19174,19176],{},[15,19175,17918],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1112,19178,2447,19180],{"id":19179},"using-fromkeys",[15,19181,17918],{},[41,19183,19185],{"className":43,"code":19184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19186,19187,19232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19188,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19206,19208,19210,19212,19215,19217,19219,19221,19224,19226,19228,19230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19190,14527],{"class":56},[50,19192,61],{"class":60},[50,19194,1361],{"class":371},[50,19196,838],{"class":64},[50,19198,17982],{"class":158},[50,19200,2182],{"class":64},[50,19202,69],{"class":68},[50,19204,19205],{"class":72},"sound",[50,19207,69],{"class":68},[50,19209,78],{"class":64},[50,19211,81],{"class":68},[50,19213,19214],{"class":72},"music",[50,19216,69],{"class":68},[50,19218,78],{"class":64},[50,19220,81],{"class":68},[50,19222,19223],{"class":72},"notifications",[50,19225,69],{"class":68},[50,19227,2191],{"class":64},[50,19229,1807],{"class":1806},[50,19231,186],{"class":64},[50,19233,19234,19236,19238,19240],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19235,366],{"class":151},[50,19237,155],{"class":64},[50,19239,14586],{"class":158},[50,19241,186],{"class":64},[1112,19243,19245],{"id":19244},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[41,19247,19249],{"className":43,"code":19248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19250,19251,19259,19273,19287,19299,19303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19252,19253,19255,19257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19254,14527],{"class":56},[50,19256,61],{"class":60},[50,19258,12196],{"class":64},[50,19260,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19262,12201],{"class":68},[50,19264,19205],{"class":72},[50,19266,69],{"class":68},[50,19268,1408],{"class":64},[50,19270,1807],{"class":1806},[50,19272,12217],{"class":64},[50,19274,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19276,12201],{"class":68},[50,19278,19214],{"class":72},[50,19280,69],{"class":68},[50,19282,1408],{"class":64},[50,19284,4627],{"class":1806},[50,19286,12217],{"class":64},[50,19288,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,19290,12201],{"class":68},[50,19292,19223],{"class":72},[50,19294,69],{"class":68},[50,19296,1408],{"class":64},[50,19298,7135],{"class":1806},[50,19300,19301],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,19302,1445],{"class":64},[50,19304,19305,19307,19309,19311],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,19306,366],{"class":151},[50,19308,155],{"class":64},[50,19310,14586],{"class":158},[50,19312,186],{"class":64},[20,19314,19315],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1112,19317,19319],{"id":19318},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[41,19321,19323],{"className":43,"code":19322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19324,19325,19357,19381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19326,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19328,1286],{"class":56},[50,19330,61],{"class":60},[50,19332,65],{"class":64},[50,19334,69],{"class":68},[50,19336,335],{"class":72},[50,19338,69],{"class":68},[50,19340,78],{"class":64},[50,19342,81],{"class":68},[50,19344,344],{"class":72},[50,19346,69],{"class":68},[50,19348,78],{"class":64},[50,19350,81],{"class":68},[50,19352,353],{"class":72},[50,19354,69],{"class":68},[50,19356,98],{"class":64},[50,19358,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19360,1818],{"class":56},[50,19362,61],{"class":60},[50,19364,11191],{"class":64},[50,19366,15543],{"class":56},[50,19368,1408],{"class":64},[50,19370,18902],{"class":64},[50,19372,4599],{"class":137},[50,19374,18907],{"class":56},[50,19376,148],{"class":137},[50,19378,18912],{"class":56},[50,19380,1445],{"class":64},[50,19382,19383,19385,19387,19389],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19384,366],{"class":151},[50,19386,155],{"class":64},[50,19388,1845],{"class":158},[50,19390,186],{"class":64},[20,19392,19393],{},"Use:",[233,19395,19396,19401,19404],{},[236,19397,19398,19400],{},[15,19399,17918],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[236,19402,19403],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[236,19405,19406],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19408,19409,19410,838],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[335,19411,11438,19412,11442],{"href":14734},[15,19413,15656],{},[36,19415,3553],{"id":3552},[20,19417,15435,19418,838],{},[15,19419,17923],{},[1112,19421,19423],{"id":19422},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[41,19425,19427],{"className":43,"code":19426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19428,19429,19462,19485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19430,19431,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19432,19433],{"class":56},"d ",[50,19435,61],{"class":60},[50,19437,1361],{"class":371},[50,19439,838],{"class":64},[50,19441,17982],{"class":158},[50,19443,2182],{"class":64},[50,19445,69],{"class":68},[50,19447,335],{"class":72},[50,19449,69],{"class":68},[50,19451,78],{"class":64},[50,19453,81],{"class":68},[50,19455,344],{"class":72},[50,19457,69],{"class":68},[50,19459,2191],{"class":64},[50,19461,18695],{"class":64},[50,19463,19464,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19465,19466],{"class":56},"d",[50,19468,4620],{"class":64},[50,19470,69],{"class":68},[50,19472,335],{"class":72},[50,19474,69],{"class":68},[50,19476,14251],{"class":64},[50,19478,14254],{"class":158},[50,19480,155],{"class":64},[50,19482,309],{"class":111},[50,19484,186],{"class":64},[50,19486,19487,19489,19491,19493],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19488,366],{"class":151},[50,19490,155],{"class":64},[50,19492,19466],{"class":158},[50,19494,186],{"class":64},[20,19496,189],{},[41,19498,19500],{"className":43,"code":19499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19501,19502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19503,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19505,758],{"class":64},[50,19507,413],{"class":68},[50,19509,335],{"class":72},[50,19511,413],{"class":68},[50,19513,1408],{"class":64},[50,19515,65],{"class":64},[50,19517,309],{"class":111},[50,19519,2191],{"class":64},[50,19521,408],{"class":68},[50,19523,344],{"class":72},[50,19525,413],{"class":68},[50,19527,1408],{"class":64},[50,19529,65],{"class":64},[50,19531,309],{"class":111},[50,19533,14407],{"class":64},[20,19535,19536],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19538,19539],{},"Use this instead:",[41,19541,19543],{"className":43,"code":19542,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19544,19545,19569,19593],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19546,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19548,1286],{"class":56},[50,19550,61],{"class":60},[50,19552,65],{"class":64},[50,19554,69],{"class":68},[50,19556,335],{"class":72},[50,19558,69],{"class":68},[50,19560,78],{"class":64},[50,19562,81],{"class":68},[50,19564,344],{"class":72},[50,19566,69],{"class":68},[50,19568,98],{"class":64},[50,19570,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19572,19433],{"class":56},[50,19574,61],{"class":60},[50,19576,11191],{"class":64},[50,19578,15543],{"class":56},[50,19580,1408],{"class":64},[50,19582,18902],{"class":64},[50,19584,4599],{"class":137},[50,19586,18907],{"class":56},[50,19588,148],{"class":137},[50,19590,18912],{"class":56},[50,19592,1445],{"class":64},[50,19594,19595,19597,19599,19601],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19596,366],{"class":151},[50,19598,155],{"class":64},[50,19600,19466],{"class":158},[50,19602,186],{"class":64},[1112,19604,19606,19607,19609],{"id":19605},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19608,17918],{}," on a list",[20,19611,19612],{},"Wrong idea:",[41,19614,19616],{"className":43,"code":19615,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19617,19618,19650],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19619,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19621,1286],{"class":56},[50,19623,61],{"class":60},[50,19625,65],{"class":64},[50,19627,69],{"class":68},[50,19629,335],{"class":72},[50,19631,69],{"class":68},[50,19633,78],{"class":64},[50,19635,81],{"class":68},[50,19637,344],{"class":72},[50,19639,69],{"class":68},[50,19641,78],{"class":64},[50,19643,81],{"class":68},[50,19645,353],{"class":72},[50,19647,69],{"class":68},[50,19649,98],{"class":64},[50,19651,19652],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19653,19654],{"class":4385},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19656,19657,19659,19660,19662,19663,838],{},[15,19658,17918],{}," belongs to ",[15,19661,9533],{},", not ",[15,19664,372],{},[20,19666,19667],{},"Correct usage:",[41,19669,19671],{"className":43,"code":19670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19672,19673,19705,19727],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19674,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19676,1286],{"class":56},[50,19678,61],{"class":60},[50,19680,65],{"class":64},[50,19682,69],{"class":68},[50,19684,335],{"class":72},[50,19686,69],{"class":68},[50,19688,78],{"class":64},[50,19690,81],{"class":68},[50,19692,344],{"class":72},[50,19694,69],{"class":68},[50,19696,78],{"class":64},[50,19698,81],{"class":68},[50,19700,353],{"class":72},[50,19702,69],{"class":68},[50,19704,98],{"class":64},[50,19706,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19708,19433],{"class":56},[50,19710,61],{"class":60},[50,19712,1361],{"class":371},[50,19714,838],{"class":64},[50,19716,17982],{"class":158},[50,19718,155],{"class":64},[50,19720,1370],{"class":158},[50,19722,78],{"class":64},[50,19724,4556],{"class":111},[50,19726,186],{"class":64},[50,19728,19729,19731,19733,19735],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19730,366],{"class":151},[50,19732,155],{"class":64},[50,19734,19466],{"class":158},[50,19736,186],{"class":64},[1112,19738,2120,19740,19742],{"id":19739},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19741,17918],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19744,19745,19747],{},[15,19746,17923],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[41,19749,19751],{"className":43,"code":19750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19752,19753,19773,19807,19811,19821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19754,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19756,12790],{"class":56},[50,19758,61],{"class":60},[50,19760,11191],{"class":64},[50,19762,69],{"class":68},[50,19764,2896],{"class":72},[50,19766,69],{"class":68},[50,19768,1408],{"class":64},[50,19770,6212],{"class":111},[50,19772,1445],{"class":64},[50,19774,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19776,13741],{"class":56},[50,19778,61],{"class":60},[50,19780,1361],{"class":371},[50,19782,838],{"class":64},[50,19784,17982],{"class":158},[50,19786,2182],{"class":64},[50,19788,69],{"class":68},[50,19790,335],{"class":72},[50,19792,69],{"class":68},[50,19794,78],{"class":64},[50,19796,81],{"class":68},[50,19798,344],{"class":72},[50,19800,69],{"class":68},[50,19802,2191],{"class":64},[50,19804,4556],{"class":111},[50,19806,186],{"class":64},[50,19808,19809],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,19810,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,19812,19813,19815,19817,19819],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,19814,366],{"class":151},[50,19816,155],{"class":64},[50,19818,12837],{"class":158},[50,19820,186],{"class":64},[50,19822,19823,19825,19827,19830],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,19824,366],{"class":151},[50,19826,155],{"class":64},[50,19828,19829],{"class":158},"new_dict",[50,19831,186],{"class":64},[20,19833,189],{},[41,19835,19837],{"className":43,"code":19836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19838,19839,19855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19840,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19842,758],{"class":64},[50,19844,413],{"class":68},[50,19846,2896],{"class":72},[50,19848,413],{"class":68},[50,19850,1408],{"class":64},[50,19852,6212],{"class":111},[50,19854,1445],{"class":64},[50,19856,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19858,758],{"class":64},[50,19860,413],{"class":68},[50,19862,335],{"class":72},[50,19864,413],{"class":68},[50,19866,1408],{"class":64},[50,19868,4556],{"class":111},[50,19870,78],{"class":64},[50,19872,408],{"class":68},[50,19874,344],{"class":72},[50,19876,413],{"class":68},[50,19878,1408],{"class":64},[50,19880,4556],{"class":111},[50,19882,1445],{"class":64},[20,19884,19885,19886,838],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[335,19887,11438,19888,11442],{"href":14734},[15,19889,15656],{},[1112,19891,19893,19894],{"id":19892},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19895,4501],{},[41,19897,19899],{"className":43,"code":19898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19900,19901,19931],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19902,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19904,19433],{"class":56},[50,19906,61],{"class":60},[50,19908,1361],{"class":371},[50,19910,838],{"class":64},[50,19912,17982],{"class":158},[50,19914,2182],{"class":64},[50,19916,69],{"class":68},[50,19918,2896],{"class":72},[50,19920,69],{"class":68},[50,19922,78],{"class":64},[50,19924,81],{"class":68},[50,19926,12449],{"class":72},[50,19928,69],{"class":68},[50,19930,2210],{"class":64},[50,19932,19933,19935,19937,19939],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,19934,366],{"class":151},[50,19936,155],{"class":64},[50,19938,19466],{"class":158},[50,19940,186],{"class":64},[20,19942,189],{},[41,19944,19946],{"className":43,"code":19945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19947,19948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19949,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19951,758],{"class":64},[50,19953,413],{"class":68},[50,19955,2896],{"class":72},[50,19957,413],{"class":68},[50,19959,1408],{"class":64},[50,19961,4575],{"class":1806},[50,19963,78],{"class":64},[50,19965,408],{"class":68},[50,19967,12449],{"class":72},[50,19969,413],{"class":68},[50,19971,1408],{"class":64},[50,19973,4575],{"class":1806},[50,19975,1445],{"class":64},[20,19977,19978,19979,838],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19980,4501],{},[36,19982,19984],{"id":19983},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19986,19987,19988,19990],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19989,17918],{}," works.",[41,19992,19994],{"className":43,"code":19993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19995,19996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19997,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19999,366],{"class":151},[50,20001,155],{"class":64},[50,20003,9533],{"class":371},[50,20005,838],{"class":64},[50,20007,17982],{"class":158},[50,20009,2182],{"class":64},[50,20011,69],{"class":68},[50,20013,335],{"class":72},[50,20015,69],{"class":68},[50,20017,78],{"class":64},[50,20019,81],{"class":68},[50,20021,344],{"class":72},[50,20023,69],{"class":68},[50,20025,2191],{"class":64},[50,20027,4556],{"class":111},[50,20029,1077],{"class":64},[41,20031,20032],{"className":43,"code":19898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,20033,20034,20064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20035,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20037,19433],{"class":56},[50,20039,61],{"class":60},[50,20041,1361],{"class":371},[50,20043,838],{"class":64},[50,20045,17982],{"class":158},[50,20047,2182],{"class":64},[50,20049,69],{"class":68},[50,20051,2896],{"class":72},[50,20053,69],{"class":68},[50,20055,78],{"class":64},[50,20057,81],{"class":68},[50,20059,12449],{"class":72},[50,20061,69],{"class":68},[50,20063,2210],{"class":64},[50,20065,20066,20068,20070,20072],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20067,366],{"class":151},[50,20069,155],{"class":64},[50,20071,19466],{"class":158},[50,20073,186],{"class":64},[41,20075,20076],{"className":43,"code":19426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,20077,20078,20110,20132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20079,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20081,19433],{"class":56},[50,20083,61],{"class":60},[50,20085,1361],{"class":371},[50,20087,838],{"class":64},[50,20089,17982],{"class":158},[50,20091,2182],{"class":64},[50,20093,69],{"class":68},[50,20095,335],{"class":72},[50,20097,69],{"class":68},[50,20099,78],{"class":64},[50,20101,81],{"class":68},[50,20103,344],{"class":72},[50,20105,69],{"class":68},[50,20107,2191],{"class":64},[50,20109,18695],{"class":64},[50,20111,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20113,19466],{"class":56},[50,20115,4620],{"class":64},[50,20117,69],{"class":68},[50,20119,335],{"class":72},[50,20121,69],{"class":68},[50,20123,14251],{"class":64},[50,20125,14254],{"class":158},[50,20127,155],{"class":64},[50,20129,309],{"class":111},[50,20131,186],{"class":64},[50,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,20135,366],{"class":151},[50,20137,155],{"class":64},[50,20139,19466],{"class":158},[50,20141,186],{"class":64},[41,20143,20145],{"className":43,"code":20144,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20146,20147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20148,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20150,366],{"class":151},[50,20152,155],{"class":64},[50,20154,3945],{"class":371},[50,20156,155],{"class":64},[50,20158,9533],{"class":371},[50,20160,838],{"class":64},[50,20162,17982],{"class":158},[50,20164,2182],{"class":64},[50,20166,309],{"class":111},[50,20168,78],{"class":64},[50,20170,314],{"class":111},[50,20172,78],{"class":64},[50,20174,319],{"class":111},[50,20176,2191],{"class":64},[50,20178,81],{"class":68},[50,20180,3197],{"class":72},[50,20182,69],{"class":68},[50,20184,389],{"class":64},[36,20186,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,20188,2569,20190,20192],{"id":20189},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20191,17918],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20194,20195],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1112,20197,20199],{"id":20198},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20201,20202,20203,838],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20204,4501],{},[1112,20206,20208],{"id":20207},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20210,20211],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1112,20213,20215],{"id":20214},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20217,18850],{},[41,20219,20221],{"className":43,"code":20220,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20222,20223,20255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20224,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20226,1286],{"class":56},[50,20228,61],{"class":60},[50,20230,65],{"class":64},[50,20232,69],{"class":68},[50,20234,335],{"class":72},[50,20236,69],{"class":68},[50,20238,78],{"class":64},[50,20240,81],{"class":68},[50,20242,344],{"class":72},[50,20244,69],{"class":68},[50,20246,78],{"class":64},[50,20248,81],{"class":68},[50,20250,353],{"class":72},[50,20252,69],{"class":68},[50,20254,98],{"class":64},[50,20256,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20258,1818],{"class":56},[50,20260,61],{"class":60},[50,20262,11191],{"class":64},[50,20264,15543],{"class":56},[50,20266,1408],{"class":64},[50,20268,18902],{"class":64},[50,20270,4599],{"class":137},[50,20272,18907],{"class":56},[50,20274,148],{"class":137},[50,20276,18912],{"class":56},[50,20278,1445],{"class":64},[36,20280,2610],{"id":2609},[233,20282,20283,20287,20291,20295,20301],{},[236,20284,20285],{},[335,20286,11944],{"href":13729},[236,20288,20289],{},[335,20290,9868],{"href":13726},[236,20292,20293],{},[335,20294,11953],{"href":18602},[236,20296,20297],{},[335,20298,11438,20299,11442],{"href":14734},[15,20300,15656],{},[236,20302,20303],{},[335,20304,11438,20305,11442],{"href":15701},[15,20306,13480],{},[20,20308,221,20309,20311],{},[15,20310,17923],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2640,20313,20314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":20316},[20317,20318,20320,20324,20325,20327,20332,20334,20341,20350,20351,20358],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":18021,"depth":101,"text":20319},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":18065,"depth":101,"text":18066,"children":20321},[20322,20323],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":18116,"depth":127,"text":18117},{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":18277,"depth":101,"text":20326},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18606,"depth":101,"text":18607,"children":20328},[20329,20330,20331],{"id":18636,"depth":127,"text":18637},{"id":18798,"depth":127,"text":18799},{"id":18846,"depth":127,"text":18847},{"id":19010,"depth":101,"text":20333},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19168,"depth":101,"text":20335,"children":20336},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20337,20339,20340],{"id":19179,"depth":127,"text":20338},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19244,"depth":127,"text":19245},{"id":19318,"depth":127,"text":19319},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":20342},[20343,20344,20346,20348],{"id":19422,"depth":127,"text":19423},{"id":19605,"depth":127,"text":20345},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19739,"depth":127,"text":20347},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19892,"depth":127,"text":20349},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19983,"depth":101,"text":19984},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":20352},[20353,20355,20356,20357],{"id":20189,"depth":127,"text":20354},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20198,"depth":127,"text":20199},{"id":20207,"depth":127,"text":20208},{"id":20214,"depth":127,"text":20215},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17910,"description":20359},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20366,"title":20367,"body":20368,"description":22197,"extension":2687,"meta":22198,"navigation":130,"path":22199,"seo":22200,"stem":22201,"__hash__":22202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20369,"toc":22164},[20370,20375,20381,20392,20522,20529,20534,20538,20554,20556,20653,20656,20673,20677,20679,20684,20722,20725,20743,20745,20863,20868,20872,20888,20891,21027,21030,21035,21041,21044,21081,21084,21088,21093,21169,21173,21178,21260,21262,21278,21283,21287,21293,21362,21365,21382,21385,21467,21473,21476,21496,21500,21505,21511,21517,21588,21591,21597,21600,21674,21681,21687,21695,21705,21707,21802,21808,21813,21900,21906,21908,21913,21935,21938,22033,22036,22067,22080,22082,22090,22096,22102,22105,22111,22116,22123,22128,22130,22161],[10,20371,12020,20373,12024],{"id":20372},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20374,11441],{},[20,20376,20377,20378,20380],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20379,11441],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20382,20383,20384,2912,20387,3121,20389,20391],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20385,20386],{},"KeyError",[15,20388,11441],{},[15,20390,4501],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[41,20393,20395],{"className":43,"code":20394,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20396,20397,20433,20437,20463,20488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20398,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20400,1356],{"class":56},[50,20402,61],{"class":60},[50,20404,11191],{"class":64},[50,20406,69],{"class":68},[50,20408,178],{"class":72},[50,20410,69],{"class":68},[50,20412,1408],{"class":64},[50,20414,81],{"class":68},[50,20416,73],{"class":72},[50,20418,69],{"class":68},[50,20420,78],{"class":64},[50,20422,81],{"class":68},[50,20424,1303],{"class":72},[50,20426,69],{"class":68},[50,20428,1408],{"class":64},[50,20430,1336],{"class":111},[50,20432,1445],{"class":64},[50,20434,20435],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20436,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,20438,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,20440,366],{"class":151},[50,20442,155],{"class":64},[50,20444,1386],{"class":158},[50,20446,838],{"class":64},[50,20448,20449],{"class":158},"get",[50,20451,155],{"class":64},[50,20453,69],{"class":68},[50,20455,178],{"class":72},[50,20457,69],{"class":68},[50,20459,6075],{"class":64},[50,20461,20462],{"class":4385},"           # Ana\n",[50,20464,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,20466,366],{"class":151},[50,20468,155],{"class":64},[50,20470,1386],{"class":158},[50,20472,838],{"class":64},[50,20474,20449],{"class":158},[50,20476,155],{"class":64},[50,20478,69],{"class":68},[50,20480,1312],{"class":72},[50,20482,69],{"class":68},[50,20484,6075],{"class":64},[50,20486,20487],{"class":4385},"           # None\n",[50,20489,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20515,20517,20519],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,20491,366],{"class":151},[50,20493,155],{"class":64},[50,20495,1386],{"class":158},[50,20497,838],{"class":64},[50,20499,20449],{"class":158},[50,20501,155],{"class":64},[50,20503,69],{"class":68},[50,20505,1312],{"class":72},[50,20507,69],{"class":68},[50,20509,78],{"class":64},[50,20511,81],{"class":68},[50,20513,20514],{"class":72},"N\u002FA",[50,20516,69],{"class":68},[50,20518,6075],{"class":64},[50,20520,20521],{"class":4385},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20523,221,20524,20526,20527,838],{},[15,20525,11441],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20528,20386],{},[36,20530,228,20532,231],{"id":20531},"what-get-does",[15,20533,11441],{},[20,20535,2704,20536,12115],{},[15,20537,11441],{},[233,20539,20540,20543,20548,20551],{},[236,20541,20542],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[236,20544,12126,20545,20547],{},[15,20546,4501],{}," if the key does not exist",[236,20549,20550],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[236,20552,20553],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20555,2931],{},[41,20557,20559],{"className":43,"code":20558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20560,20561,20599,20603,20628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20562,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20582,20584,20586,20588,20591,20593,20595,20597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20564,13567],{"class":56},[50,20566,61],{"class":60},[50,20568,11191],{"class":64},[50,20570,69],{"class":68},[50,20572,178],{"class":72},[50,20574,69],{"class":68},[50,20576,1408],{"class":64},[50,20578,81],{"class":68},[50,20580,20581],{"class":72},"Lina",[50,20583,69],{"class":68},[50,20585,78],{"class":64},[50,20587,81],{"class":68},[50,20589,20590],{"class":72},"grade",[50,20592,69],{"class":68},[50,20594,1408],{"class":64},[50,20596,597],{"class":111},[50,20598,1445],{"class":64},[50,20600,20601],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20602,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,20604,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,20606,366],{"class":151},[50,20608,155],{"class":64},[50,20610,14327],{"class":158},[50,20612,838],{"class":64},[50,20614,20449],{"class":158},[50,20616,155],{"class":64},[50,20618,69],{"class":68},[50,20620,178],{"class":72},[50,20622,69],{"class":68},[50,20624,6075],{"class":64},[50,20626,20627],{"class":4385},"     # Lina\n",[50,20629,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,20631,366],{"class":151},[50,20633,155],{"class":64},[50,20635,14327],{"class":158},[50,20637,838],{"class":64},[50,20639,20449],{"class":158},[50,20641,155],{"class":64},[50,20643,69],{"class":68},[50,20645,15961],{"class":72},[50,20647,69],{"class":68},[50,20649,6075],{"class":64},[50,20651,20652],{"class":4385},"    # None\n",[20,20654,20655],{},"In this example:",[233,20657,20658,20663],{},[236,20659,20660,20662],{},[15,20661,15942],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[236,20664,20665,20668,20669,3121,20671],{},[15,20666,20667],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20670,11441],{},[15,20672,4501],{},[20,20674,13723,20675,838],{},[335,20676,9868],{"href":9867},[36,20678,256],{"id":255},[20,20680,20681,20682,1408],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20683,11441],{},[41,20685,20687],{"className":43,"code":20686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20688,20689,20703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20690,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20692,16307],{"class":56},[50,20694,838],{"class":64},[50,20696,20449],{"class":158},[50,20698,155],{"class":64},[50,20700,15543],{"class":158},[50,20702,186],{"class":64},[50,20704,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20720],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20706,16307],{"class":56},[50,20708,838],{"class":64},[50,20710,20449],{"class":158},[50,20712,155],{"class":64},[50,20714,15543],{"class":158},[50,20716,78],{"class":64},[50,20718,20719],{"class":158}," default_value",[50,20721,186],{"class":64},[20,20723,20724],{},"What each part means:",[233,20726,20727,20732,20738],{},[236,20728,20729,20731],{},[15,20730,15543],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[236,20733,20734,20737],{},[15,20735,20736],{},"default_value"," is optional",[236,20739,20740,20741],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20742,4501],{},[20,20744,2931],{},[41,20746,20748],{"className":43,"code":20747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20749,20750,20774,20778,20803,20829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20751,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20753,14527],{"class":56},[50,20755,61],{"class":60},[50,20757,11191],{"class":64},[50,20759,69],{"class":68},[50,20761,13199],{"class":72},[50,20763,69],{"class":68},[50,20765,1408],{"class":64},[50,20767,81],{"class":68},[50,20769,13208],{"class":72},[50,20771,69],{"class":68},[50,20773,1445],{"class":64},[50,20775,20776],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20777,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,20779,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,20781,366],{"class":151},[50,20783,155],{"class":64},[50,20785,14586],{"class":158},[50,20787,838],{"class":64},[50,20789,20449],{"class":158},[50,20791,155],{"class":64},[50,20793,69],{"class":68},[50,20795,13199],{"class":72},[50,20797,69],{"class":68},[50,20799,6075],{"class":64},[50,20801,20802],{"class":4385},"            # dark\n",[50,20804,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20822,20824,20826],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,20806,366],{"class":151},[50,20808,155],{"class":64},[50,20810,14586],{"class":158},[50,20812,838],{"class":64},[50,20814,20449],{"class":158},[50,20816,155],{"class":64},[50,20818,69],{"class":68},[50,20820,20821],{"class":72},"language",[50,20823,69],{"class":68},[50,20825,6075],{"class":64},[50,20827,20828],{"class":4385},"         # None\n",[50,20830,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20856,20858,20860],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,20832,366],{"class":151},[50,20834,155],{"class":64},[50,20836,14586],{"class":158},[50,20838,838],{"class":64},[50,20840,20449],{"class":158},[50,20842,155],{"class":64},[50,20844,69],{"class":68},[50,20846,20821],{"class":72},[50,20848,69],{"class":68},[50,20850,78],{"class":64},[50,20852,81],{"class":68},[50,20854,20855],{"class":72},"en",[50,20857,69],{"class":68},[50,20859,6075],{"class":64},[50,20861,20862],{"class":4385},"   # en\n",[36,20864,5681,20866],{"id":20865},"when-to-use-get",[15,20867,11441],{},[20,20869,221,20870,11302],{},[15,20871,11441],{},[233,20873,20874,20877,20882,20885],{},[236,20875,20876],{},"A key might not exist",[236,20878,20879,20880],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20881,20386],{},[236,20883,20884],{},"You are reading optional data",[236,20886,20887],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20889,20890],{},"Example with optional user data:",[41,20892,20894],{"className":43,"code":20893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20895,20896,20938,20942,20967,20993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20934,20936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20899,12191],{"class":56},[50,20901,61],{"class":60},[50,20903,11191],{"class":64},[50,20905,69],{"class":68},[50,20907,8698],{"class":72},[50,20909,69],{"class":68},[50,20911,1408],{"class":64},[50,20913,81],{"class":68},[50,20915,20916],{"class":72},"sam",[50,20918,69],{"class":68},[50,20920,78],{"class":64},[50,20922,81],{"class":68},[50,20924,15961],{"class":72},[50,20926,69],{"class":68},[50,20928,1408],{"class":64},[50,20930,81],{"class":68},[50,20932,20933],{"class":72},"sam@example.com",[50,20935,69],{"class":68},[50,20937,1445],{"class":64},[50,20939,20940],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,20941,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,20943,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,20945,366],{"class":151},[50,20947,155],{"class":64},[50,20949,12285],{"class":158},[50,20951,838],{"class":64},[50,20953,20449],{"class":158},[50,20955,155],{"class":64},[50,20957,69],{"class":68},[50,20959,8698],{"class":72},[50,20961,69],{"class":68},[50,20963,6075],{"class":64},[50,20965,20966],{"class":4385},"              # sam\n",[50,20968,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20986,20988,20990],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,20970,366],{"class":151},[50,20972,155],{"class":64},[50,20974,12285],{"class":158},[50,20976,838],{"class":64},[50,20978,20449],{"class":158},[50,20980,155],{"class":64},[50,20982,69],{"class":68},[50,20984,20985],{"class":72},"phone",[50,20987,69],{"class":68},[50,20989,6075],{"class":64},[50,20991,20992],{"class":4385},"                 # None\n",[50,20994,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21020,21022,21024],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,20996,366],{"class":151},[50,20998,155],{"class":64},[50,21000,12285],{"class":158},[50,21002,838],{"class":64},[50,21004,20449],{"class":158},[50,21006,155],{"class":64},[50,21008,69],{"class":68},[50,21010,20985],{"class":72},[50,21012,69],{"class":68},[50,21014,78],{"class":64},[50,21016,81],{"class":68},[50,21018,21019],{"class":72},"Not provided",[50,21021,69],{"class":68},[50,21023,6075],{"class":64},[50,21025,21026],{"class":4385}," # Not provided\n",[20,21028,21029],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,21031,21032,21033,838],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[335,21034,17298],{"href":17297},[36,21036,21038,21040],{"id":21037},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,21039,11441],{}," vs square brackets",[20,21042,21043],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[41,21045,21047],{"className":43,"code":21046,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,21048,21049,21063],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21050,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21052,1845],{"class":56},[50,21054,4620],{"class":64},[50,21056,69],{"class":68},[50,21058,15543],{"class":72},[50,21060,69],{"class":68},[50,21062,98],{"class":64},[50,21064,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21066,1845],{"class":56},[50,21068,838],{"class":64},[50,21070,20449],{"class":158},[50,21072,155],{"class":64},[50,21074,69],{"class":68},[50,21076,15543],{"class":72},[50,21078,69],{"class":68},[50,21080,186],{"class":64},[20,21082,21083],{},"The difference is important.",[1112,21085,21087],{"id":21086},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21089,21090,21091,838],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21092,20386],{},[41,21094,21096],{"className":43,"code":21095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21097,21098,21122,21126,21148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21099,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21101,1818],{"class":56},[50,21103,61],{"class":60},[50,21105,11191],{"class":64},[50,21107,69],{"class":68},[50,21109,178],{"class":72},[50,21111,69],{"class":68},[50,21113,1408],{"class":64},[50,21115,81],{"class":68},[50,21117,73],{"class":72},[50,21119,69],{"class":68},[50,21121,1445],{"class":64},[50,21123,21124],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21125,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21127,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21145],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21129,366],{"class":151},[50,21131,155],{"class":64},[50,21133,1845],{"class":158},[50,21135,4620],{"class":64},[50,21137,69],{"class":68},[50,21139,178],{"class":72},[50,21141,69],{"class":68},[50,21143,21144],{"class":64},"])",[50,21146,21147],{"class":4385},"   # Ana\n",[50,21149,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21151,366],{"class":151},[50,21153,155],{"class":64},[50,21155,1845],{"class":158},[50,21157,4620],{"class":64},[50,21159,69],{"class":68},[50,21161,1312],{"class":72},[50,21163,69],{"class":68},[50,21165,21144],{"class":64},[50,21167,21168],{"class":4385},"   # KeyError\n",[1112,21170,21171],{"id":20449},[15,21172,11441],{},[20,21174,21175,21177],{},[15,21176,11441],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[41,21179,21181],{"className":43,"code":21180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21182,21183,21207,21211,21235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21184,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21186,1818],{"class":56},[50,21188,61],{"class":60},[50,21190,11191],{"class":64},[50,21192,69],{"class":68},[50,21194,178],{"class":72},[50,21196,69],{"class":68},[50,21198,1408],{"class":64},[50,21200,81],{"class":68},[50,21202,73],{"class":72},[50,21204,69],{"class":68},[50,21206,1445],{"class":64},[50,21208,21209],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21210,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21212,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21214,366],{"class":151},[50,21216,155],{"class":64},[50,21218,1845],{"class":158},[50,21220,838],{"class":64},[50,21222,20449],{"class":158},[50,21224,155],{"class":64},[50,21226,69],{"class":68},[50,21228,178],{"class":72},[50,21230,69],{"class":68},[50,21232,6075],{"class":64},[50,21234,21147],{"class":4385},[50,21236,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21238,366],{"class":151},[50,21240,155],{"class":64},[50,21242,1845],{"class":158},[50,21244,838],{"class":64},[50,21246,20449],{"class":158},[50,21248,155],{"class":64},[50,21250,69],{"class":68},[50,21252,1312],{"class":72},[50,21254,69],{"class":68},[50,21256,6075],{"class":64},[50,21258,21259],{"class":4385},"   # None\n",[20,21261,19393],{},[233,21263,21264,21270],{},[236,21265,21266,21267],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[4465,21268,21269],{},"must exist",[236,21271,21272,21274,21275],{},[15,21273,11441],{}," when the key is ",[4465,21276,21277],{},"optional",[20,21279,21280,21281,838],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[335,21282,11964],{"href":11776},[36,21284,21286],{"id":21285},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21288,21289,21290,21292],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21291,11441],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[41,21294,21296],{"className":43,"code":21295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21297,21298,21323,21327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21299,21300,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21301,21302],{"class":56},"profile ",[50,21304,61],{"class":60},[50,21306,11191],{"class":64},[50,21308,69],{"class":68},[50,21310,178],{"class":72},[50,21312,69],{"class":68},[50,21314,1408],{"class":64},[50,21316,81],{"class":68},[50,21318,8634],{"class":72},[50,21320,69],{"class":68},[50,21322,1445],{"class":64},[50,21324,21325],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21326,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21328,21329,21331,21333,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21355,21357,21359],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21330,366],{"class":151},[50,21332,155],{"class":64},[50,21334,21335],{"class":158},"profile",[50,21337,838],{"class":64},[50,21339,20449],{"class":158},[50,21341,155],{"class":64},[50,21343,69],{"class":68},[50,21345,15964],{"class":72},[50,21347,69],{"class":68},[50,21349,78],{"class":64},[50,21351,81],{"class":68},[50,21353,21354],{"class":72},"Unknown",[50,21356,69],{"class":68},[50,21358,6075],{"class":64},[50,21360,21361],{"class":4385},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21363,21364],{},"This is useful for display text:",[233,21366,21367,21372,21377],{},[236,21368,21369],{},[15,21370,21371],{},"\"Unknown\"",[236,21373,21374],{},[15,21375,21376],{},"\"Not set\"",[236,21378,21379],{},[15,21380,21381],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21383,21384],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[41,21386,21388],{"className":43,"code":21387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21389,21390,21422,21426,21453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21391,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21393,104],{"class":56},[50,21395,61],{"class":60},[50,21397,11191],{"class":64},[50,21399,69],{"class":68},[50,21401,19115],{"class":72},[50,21403,69],{"class":68},[50,21405,1408],{"class":64},[50,21407,6717],{"class":111},[50,21409,78],{"class":64},[50,21411,81],{"class":68},[50,21413,19124],{"class":72},[50,21415,69],{"class":68},[50,21417,1408],{"class":64},[50,21419,7073],{"class":111},[50,21421,1445],{"class":64},[50,21423,21424],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21425,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21427,21428,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21429,21430],{"class":56},"total_history ",[50,21432,61],{"class":60},[50,21434,164],{"class":56},[50,21436,838],{"class":64},[50,21438,20449],{"class":158},[50,21440,155],{"class":64},[50,21442,69],{"class":68},[50,21444,19133],{"class":72},[50,21446,69],{"class":68},[50,21448,78],{"class":64},[50,21450,4556],{"class":111},[50,21452,186],{"class":64},[50,21454,21455,21457,21459,21462,21464],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21456,366],{"class":151},[50,21458,155],{"class":64},[50,21460,21461],{"class":158},"total_history",[50,21463,4382],{"class":64},[50,21465,21466],{"class":4385},"   # 0\n",[20,21468,21469,21470,21472],{},"Here, ",[15,21471,2842],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21474,21475],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[233,21477,21478,21481,21486,21491],{},[236,21479,21480],{},"Use a string for text",[236,21482,221,21483,21485],{},[15,21484,2842],{}," for numbers",[236,21487,221,21488,21490],{},[15,21489,4510],{}," for lists if needed",[236,21492,221,21493,21495],{},[15,21494,4515],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[36,21497,21499],{"id":21498},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21501,21502,21503,838],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21504,11441],{},[1112,21506,21508,21510],{"id":21507},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21509,11441],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21512,21513,21514,21516],{},"This code does ",[4465,21515,5351],{}," create a new key:",[41,21518,21520],{"className":43,"code":21519,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21521,21522,21546,21550,21575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21523,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21525,1356],{"class":56},[50,21527,61],{"class":60},[50,21529,11191],{"class":64},[50,21531,69],{"class":68},[50,21533,178],{"class":72},[50,21535,69],{"class":68},[50,21537,1408],{"class":64},[50,21539,81],{"class":68},[50,21541,73],{"class":72},[50,21543,69],{"class":68},[50,21545,1445],{"class":64},[50,21547,21548],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21549,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21551,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21553,366],{"class":151},[50,21555,155],{"class":64},[50,21557,1386],{"class":158},[50,21559,838],{"class":64},[50,21561,20449],{"class":158},[50,21563,155],{"class":64},[50,21565,69],{"class":68},[50,21567,1312],{"class":72},[50,21569,69],{"class":68},[50,21571,6075],{"class":64},[50,21573,21574],{"class":4385},"  # None\n",[50,21576,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21578,366],{"class":151},[50,21580,155],{"class":64},[50,21582,1386],{"class":158},[50,21584,4382],{"class":64},[50,21586,21587],{"class":4385},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21589,21590],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1112,21592,21594,21596],{"id":21593},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21595,11441],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21598,21599],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[41,21601,21603],{"className":43,"code":21602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21604,21605,21631,21635,21661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21606,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21618,21620,21622,21624,21627,21629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21608,14527],{"class":56},[50,21610,61],{"class":60},[50,21612,11191],{"class":64},[50,21614,69],{"class":68},[50,21616,21617],{"class":72},"mode",[50,21619,69],{"class":68},[50,21621,1408],{"class":64},[50,21623,81],{"class":68},[50,21625,21626],{"class":72},"light",[50,21628,69],{"class":68},[50,21630,1445],{"class":64},[50,21632,21633],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21634,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21636,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21638,14586],{"class":56},[50,21640,838],{"class":64},[50,21642,20449],{"class":158},[50,21644,155],{"class":64},[50,21646,69],{"class":68},[50,21648,13199],{"class":72},[50,21650,69],{"class":68},[50,21652,78],{"class":64},[50,21654,81],{"class":68},[50,21656,13208],{"class":72},[50,21658,69],{"class":68},[50,21660,186],{"class":64},[50,21662,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21664,366],{"class":151},[50,21666,155],{"class":64},[50,21668,14586],{"class":158},[50,21670,4382],{"class":64},[50,21672,21673],{"class":4385},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21675,21676,21677,21680],{},"Even though ",[15,21678,21679],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1112,21682,21684,21685],{"id":21683},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21686,4501],{},[20,21688,21689,21690,3121,21692,21694],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21691,11441],{},[15,21693,4501],{}," because:",[233,21696,21697,21700],{},[236,21698,21699],{},"The key is missing, or",[236,21701,21702,21703],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21704,4501],{},[20,21706,2931],{},[41,21708,21710],{"className":43,"code":21709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21711,21712,21749,21753,21777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21713,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21741,21743,21745,21747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21715,1818],{"class":56},[50,21717,61],{"class":60},[50,21719,11191],{"class":64},[50,21721,69],{"class":68},[50,21723,178],{"class":72},[50,21725,69],{"class":68},[50,21727,1408],{"class":64},[50,21729,81],{"class":68},[50,21731,73],{"class":72},[50,21733,69],{"class":68},[50,21735,78],{"class":64},[50,21737,81],{"class":68},[50,21739,21740],{"class":72},"nickname",[50,21742,69],{"class":68},[50,21744,1408],{"class":64},[50,21746,4575],{"class":1806},[50,21748,1445],{"class":64},[50,21750,21751],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21752,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21754,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21756,366],{"class":151},[50,21758,155],{"class":64},[50,21760,1845],{"class":158},[50,21762,838],{"class":64},[50,21764,20449],{"class":158},[50,21766,155],{"class":64},[50,21768,69],{"class":68},[50,21770,21740],{"class":72},[50,21772,69],{"class":68},[50,21774,6075],{"class":64},[50,21776,21574],{"class":4385},[50,21778,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21780,366],{"class":151},[50,21782,155],{"class":64},[50,21784,1845],{"class":158},[50,21786,838],{"class":64},[50,21788,20449],{"class":158},[50,21790,155],{"class":64},[50,21792,69],{"class":68},[50,21794,1312],{"class":72},[50,21796,69],{"class":68},[50,21798,6075],{"class":64},[50,21800,21801],{"class":4385},"      # None\n",[20,21803,21804,21805,21807],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21806,4501],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21809,21810,21811,1408],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21812,148],{},[41,21814,21816],{"className":43,"code":21815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21817,21818,21854,21858,21879],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21819,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21821,1818],{"class":56},[50,21823,61],{"class":60},[50,21825,11191],{"class":64},[50,21827,69],{"class":68},[50,21829,178],{"class":72},[50,21831,69],{"class":68},[50,21833,1408],{"class":64},[50,21835,81],{"class":68},[50,21837,73],{"class":72},[50,21839,69],{"class":68},[50,21841,78],{"class":64},[50,21843,81],{"class":68},[50,21845,21740],{"class":72},[50,21847,69],{"class":68},[50,21849,1408],{"class":64},[50,21851,4575],{"class":1806},[50,21853,1445],{"class":64},[50,21855,21856],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21857,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,21859,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21873,21875,21877],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21861,366],{"class":151},[50,21863,155],{"class":64},[50,21865,69],{"class":68},[50,21867,21740],{"class":72},[50,21869,69],{"class":68},[50,21871,21872],{"class":137}," in",[50,21874,15268],{"class":158},[50,21876,4382],{"class":64},[50,21878,4386],{"class":4385},[50,21880,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21882,366],{"class":151},[50,21884,155],{"class":64},[50,21886,69],{"class":68},[50,21888,1312],{"class":72},[50,21890,69],{"class":68},[50,21892,21872],{"class":137},[50,21894,15268],{"class":158},[50,21896,4382],{"class":64},[50,21898,21899],{"class":4385},"      # False\n",[20,21901,21902,21903,838],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[335,21904,21905],{"href":17853},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,21907,3553],{"id":3552},[20,21909,21910,21911,1408],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21912,11441],{},[233,21914,21915,21920,21927,21932],{},[236,21916,21917,21918],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21919,20386],{},[236,21921,5424,21922,3121,21924,21926],{},[15,21923,11441],{},[15,21925,4501],{}," if no default is provided",[236,21928,5299,21929,21931],{},[15,21930,11441],{}," creates a key automatically",[236,21933,21934],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21936,21937],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[41,21939,21941],{"className":43,"code":21940,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21942,21943,21953,21967,21985,22007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21944,21945,21947,21949,21951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21946,366],{"class":151},[50,21948,155],{"class":64},[50,21950,12152],{"class":158},[50,21952,186],{"class":64},[50,21954,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,21956,366],{"class":151},[50,21958,155],{"class":64},[50,21960,12152],{"class":158},[50,21962,838],{"class":64},[50,21964,1370],{"class":158},[50,21966,7908],{"class":64},[50,21968,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,21970,366],{"class":151},[50,21972,155],{"class":64},[50,21974,413],{"class":68},[50,21976,178],{"class":72},[50,21978,413],{"class":68},[50,21980,21872],{"class":137},[50,21982,12470],{"class":158},[50,21984,186],{"class":64},[50,21986,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,21988,366],{"class":151},[50,21990,155],{"class":64},[50,21992,12152],{"class":158},[50,21994,838],{"class":64},[50,21996,20449],{"class":158},[50,21998,155],{"class":64},[50,22000,413],{"class":68},[50,22002,178],{"class":72},[50,22004,413],{"class":68},[50,22006,1077],{"class":64},[50,22008,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,22010,366],{"class":151},[50,22012,155],{"class":64},[50,22014,3945],{"class":371},[50,22016,155],{"class":64},[50,22018,12152],{"class":158},[50,22020,838],{"class":64},[50,22022,20449],{"class":158},[50,22024,155],{"class":64},[50,22026,413],{"class":68},[50,22028,178],{"class":72},[50,22030,413],{"class":68},[50,22032,389],{"class":64},[20,22034,22035],{},"What these checks tell you:",[233,22037,22038,22043,22049,22055,22061],{},[236,22039,22040,22042],{},[15,22041,13383],{}," shows the full dictionary",[236,22044,22045,22048],{},[15,22046,22047],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[236,22050,22051,22054],{},[15,22052,22053],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[236,22056,22057,22060],{},[15,22058,22059],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[236,22062,22063,22066],{},[15,22064,22065],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,22068,22069,22070,827,22075,22079],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[335,22071,22072,22073,11442],{"href":17762},"the dictionary ",[15,22074,17765],{},[335,22076,22072,22077,11442],{"href":17775},[15,22078,17778],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[36,22081,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,22083,2569,22085,22087,22088,2582],{"id":22084},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22086,11441],{}," raise ",[15,22089,20386],{},[20,22091,22092,22093,22095],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22094,4501],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1112,22097,2569,22099,22101],{"id":22098},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22100,11441],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22103,22104],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1112,22106,22108,22109,2582],{"id":22107},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22110,11441],{},[20,22112,22113,22115],{},[15,22114,4501],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1112,22117,22119,22120,22122],{"id":22118},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,22121,11441],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22124,221,22125,22127],{},[15,22126,11441],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[36,22129,2610],{"id":2609},[233,22131,22132,22136,22142,22148,22152,22157],{},[236,22133,22134],{},[335,22135,9868],{"href":9867},[236,22137,22138],{},[335,22139,11438,22140,11442],{"href":17762},[15,22141,17765],{},[236,22143,22144],{},[335,22145,11438,22146,11442],{"href":17775},[15,22147,17778],{},[236,22149,22150],{},[335,22151,17854],{"href":17853},[236,22153,22154],{},[335,22155,22156],{"href":17297},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[236,22158,22159],{},[335,22160,11964],{"href":11776},[2640,22162,22163],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[22174,22175],{"id":21086,"depth":127,"text":21087},{"id":20449,"depth":127,"text":11441},{"id":21285,"depth":101,"text":21286},{"id":21498,"depth":101,"text":21499,"children":22178},[22179,22181,22183],{"id":21507,"depth":127,"text":22180},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21593,"depth":127,"text":22182},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21683,"depth":127,"text":22184},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":22187},[22188,22190,22192,22194],{"id":22084,"depth":127,"text":22189},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22098,"depth":127,"text":22191},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22107,"depth":127,"text":22193},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22118,"depth":127,"text":22195},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20367,"description":22197},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22204,"title":22205,"body":22206,"description":24756,"extension":2687,"meta":24757,"navigation":130,"path":24758,"seo":24759,"stem":24760,"__hash__":24761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22207,"toc":24722},[22208,22213,22219,22225,22227,22309,22313,22330,22335,22340,22345,22347,22361,22363,22426,22430,22469,22477,22479,22481,22496,22499,22512,22514,22593,22597,22663,22665,22669,22677,22679,22690,22692,22802,22806,22885,22891,22897,22902,23011,23015,23047,23050,23157,23163,23170,23174,23177,23279,23283,23344,23347,23350,23361,23370,23373,23390,23392,23491,23495,23570,23573,23596,23601,23606,23623,23625,23746,23750,23784,23786,23791,23798,23808,23810,23888,23891,23962,23972,23975,24006,24009,24048,24054,24061,24064,24155,24159,24240,24246,24249,24252,24357,24360,24363,24485,24489,24492,24559,24563,24600,24606,24608,24614,24619,24625,24632,24638,24641,24680,24686,24689,24691,24719],[10,22209,12020,22211,12024],{"id":22210},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22212,17778],{},[20,22214,2704,22215,22218],{},[15,22216,22217],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22220,22221,22222,22224],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22223,17778],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[36,22226,39],{"id":38},[41,22228,22230],{"className":43,"code":22229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22231,22232,22268,22272,22295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22233,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22235,1356],{"class":56},[50,22237,61],{"class":60},[50,22239,11191],{"class":64},[50,22241,69],{"class":68},[50,22243,178],{"class":72},[50,22245,69],{"class":68},[50,22247,1408],{"class":64},[50,22249,81],{"class":68},[50,22251,73],{"class":72},[50,22253,69],{"class":68},[50,22255,78],{"class":64},[50,22257,81],{"class":68},[50,22259,1303],{"class":72},[50,22261,69],{"class":68},[50,22263,1408],{"class":64},[50,22265,1336],{"class":111},[50,22267,1445],{"class":64},[50,22269,22270],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22271,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22273,22274,22276,22279,22281,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,22275,33],{"class":137},[50,22277,22278],{"class":56}," key",[50,22280,78],{"class":64},[50,22282,22283],{"class":56}," value ",[50,22285,148],{"class":137},[50,22287,13950],{"class":56},[50,22289,838],{"class":64},[50,22291,8522],{"class":158},[50,22293,22294],{"class":64},"():\n",[50,22296,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,22298,173],{"class":151},[50,22300,155],{"class":64},[50,22302,15543],{"class":158},[50,22304,78],{"class":64},[50,22306,9144],{"class":158},[50,22308,186],{"class":64},[20,22310,22311],{},[4465,22312,189],{},[41,22314,22316],{"className":43,"code":22315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22317,22318,22323],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22319,22320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22321,22322],{"class":56},"name Ana\n",[50,22324,22325,22328],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22326,22327],{"class":56},"age ",[50,22329,3431],{"class":111},[20,22331,221,22332,22334],{},[15,22333,17778],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[36,22336,228,22338,231],{"id":22337},"what-items-does",[15,22339,17778],{},[20,22341,22342,22344],{},[15,22343,17778],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22346,12161],{},[233,22348,22349,22355,22358],{},[236,22350,22351,22352],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22353,22354],{},"(key, value)",[236,22356,22357],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[236,22359,22360],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22362,2931],{},[41,22364,22366],{"className":43,"code":22365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22367,22368,22404,22408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22369,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22371,1356],{"class":56},[50,22373,61],{"class":60},[50,22375,11191],{"class":64},[50,22377,69],{"class":68},[50,22379,178],{"class":72},[50,22381,69],{"class":68},[50,22383,1408],{"class":64},[50,22385,81],{"class":68},[50,22387,73],{"class":72},[50,22389,69],{"class":68},[50,22391,78],{"class":64},[50,22393,81],{"class":68},[50,22395,1303],{"class":72},[50,22397,69],{"class":68},[50,22399,1408],{"class":64},[50,22401,1336],{"class":111},[50,22403,1445],{"class":64},[50,22405,22406],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22407,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22409,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,22411,366],{"class":151},[50,22413,155],{"class":64},[50,22415,372],{"class":371},[50,22417,155],{"class":64},[50,22419,1386],{"class":158},[50,22421,838],{"class":64},[50,22423,8522],{"class":158},[50,22425,7003],{"class":64},[20,22427,22428],{},[4465,22429,189],{},[41,22431,22433],{"className":43,"code":22432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22434,22435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22436,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22438,401],{"class":64},[50,22440,413],{"class":68},[50,22442,178],{"class":72},[50,22444,413],{"class":68},[50,22446,78],{"class":64},[50,22448,408],{"class":68},[50,22450,73],{"class":72},[50,22452,413],{"class":68},[50,22454,416],{"class":64},[50,22456,419],{"class":64},[50,22458,413],{"class":68},[50,22460,1303],{"class":72},[50,22462,413],{"class":68},[50,22464,78],{"class":64},[50,22466,1336],{"class":111},[50,22468,448],{"class":64},[20,22470,22471,22472,3602,22474,838],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[335,22473,9868],{"href":13726},[335,22475,15727],{"href":22476},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[36,22478,256],{"id":255},[20,22480,6148],{},[41,22482,22484],{"className":43,"code":22483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22485,22486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22487,22488,22490,22492,22494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22489,12152],{"class":56},[50,22491,838],{"class":64},[50,22493,8522],{"class":158},[50,22495,9354],{"class":64},[20,22497,22498],{},"Things to remember:",[233,22500,22501,22506,22509],{},[236,22502,22503,22505],{},[15,22504,17778],{}," does not take any arguments",[236,22507,22508],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[236,22510,22511],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22513,2931],{},[41,22515,22517],{"className":43,"code":22516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22518,22519,22551,22555,22569,22573,22583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22520,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22522,104],{"class":56},[50,22524,61],{"class":60},[50,22526,11191],{"class":64},[50,22528,69],{"class":68},[50,22530,5723],{"class":72},[50,22532,69],{"class":68},[50,22534,1408],{"class":64},[50,22536,597],{"class":111},[50,22538,78],{"class":64},[50,22540,81],{"class":68},[50,22542,5732],{"class":72},[50,22544,69],{"class":68},[50,22546,1408],{"class":64},[50,22548,117],{"class":111},[50,22550,1445],{"class":64},[50,22552,22553],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22554,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22556,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,22558,2954],{"class":56},[50,22560,61],{"class":60},[50,22562,164],{"class":56},[50,22564,838],{"class":64},[50,22566,8522],{"class":158},[50,22568,9354],{"class":64},[50,22570,22571],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,22572,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22574,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,22576,366],{"class":151},[50,22578,155],{"class":64},[50,22580,2989],{"class":158},[50,22582,186],{"class":64},[50,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,22586,366],{"class":151},[50,22588,155],{"class":64},[50,22590,1074],{"class":158},[50,22592,186],{"class":64},[20,22594,22595],{},[4465,22596,189],{},[41,22598,22600],{"className":43,"code":22599,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22601,22602,22635],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22603,22604,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22605,22606],{"class":158},"dict_items",[50,22608,10359],{"class":64},[50,22610,413],{"class":68},[50,22612,5723],{"class":72},[50,22614,413],{"class":68},[50,22616,78],{"class":64},[50,22618,597],{"class":111},[50,22620,416],{"class":64},[50,22622,419],{"class":64},[50,22624,413],{"class":68},[50,22626,5732],{"class":72},[50,22628,413],{"class":68},[50,22630,78],{"class":64},[50,22632,117],{"class":111},[50,22634,11380],{"class":64},[50,22636,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22638,758],{"class":64},[50,22640,413],{"class":68},[50,22642,5723],{"class":72},[50,22644,413],{"class":68},[50,22646,1408],{"class":64},[50,22648,597],{"class":111},[50,22650,78],{"class":64},[50,22652,408],{"class":68},[50,22654,5732],{"class":72},[50,22656,413],{"class":68},[50,22658,1408],{"class":64},[50,22660,117],{"class":111},[50,22662,1445],{"class":64},[20,22664,21590],{},[36,22666,22668],{"id":22667},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22670,22671,22673,22674,22676],{},[15,22672,17778],{}," returns a ",[15,22675,22606],{}," view object.",[20,22678,2829],{},[233,22680,22681,22684,22687],{},[236,22682,22683],{},"You can loop over it",[236,22685,22686],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[236,22688,22689],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22691,2931],{},[41,22693,22695],{"className":43,"code":22694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22696,22697,22729,22743,22747,22761,22765,22784,22788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22698,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22700,1818],{"class":56},[50,22702,61],{"class":60},[50,22704,11191],{"class":64},[50,22706,69],{"class":68},[50,22708,2896],{"class":72},[50,22710,69],{"class":68},[50,22712,1408],{"class":64},[50,22714,6212],{"class":111},[50,22716,78],{"class":64},[50,22718,81],{"class":68},[50,22720,12449],{"class":72},[50,22722,69],{"class":68},[50,22724,1408],{"class":64},[50,22726,314],{"class":111},[50,22728,1445],{"class":64},[50,22730,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22732,1186],{"class":56},[50,22734,61],{"class":60},[50,22736,15268],{"class":56},[50,22738,838],{"class":64},[50,22740,8522],{"class":158},[50,22742,9354],{"class":64},[50,22744,22745],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,22746,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22748,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,22750,366],{"class":151},[50,22752,155],{"class":64},[50,22754,372],{"class":371},[50,22756,155],{"class":64},[50,22758,1214],{"class":158},[50,22760,1077],{"class":64},[50,22762,22763],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,22764,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22766,22767,22769,22771,22773,22776,22778,22780,22782],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,22768,1845],{"class":56},[50,22770,4620],{"class":64},[50,22772,69],{"class":68},[50,22774,22775],{"class":72},"z",[50,22777,69],{"class":68},[50,22779,13976],{"class":64},[50,22781,13979],{"class":60},[50,22783,3299],{"class":111},[50,22785,22786],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,22787,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22789,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,22791,366],{"class":151},[50,22793,155],{"class":64},[50,22795,372],{"class":371},[50,22797,155],{"class":64},[50,22799,1214],{"class":158},[50,22801,1077],{"class":64},[20,22803,22804],{},[4465,22805,189],{},[41,22807,22809],{"className":43,"code":22808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22810,22811,22841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22812,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22814,401],{"class":64},[50,22816,413],{"class":68},[50,22818,2896],{"class":72},[50,22820,413],{"class":68},[50,22822,78],{"class":64},[50,22824,6212],{"class":111},[50,22826,416],{"class":64},[50,22828,419],{"class":64},[50,22830,413],{"class":68},[50,22832,12449],{"class":72},[50,22834,413],{"class":68},[50,22836,78],{"class":64},[50,22838,314],{"class":111},[50,22840,448],{"class":64},[50,22842,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22844,401],{"class":64},[50,22846,413],{"class":68},[50,22848,2896],{"class":72},[50,22850,413],{"class":68},[50,22852,78],{"class":64},[50,22854,6212],{"class":111},[50,22856,416],{"class":64},[50,22858,419],{"class":64},[50,22860,413],{"class":68},[50,22862,12449],{"class":72},[50,22864,413],{"class":68},[50,22866,78],{"class":64},[50,22868,314],{"class":111},[50,22870,416],{"class":64},[50,22872,419],{"class":64},[50,22874,413],{"class":68},[50,22876,22775],{"class":72},[50,22878,413],{"class":68},[50,22880,78],{"class":64},[50,22882,319],{"class":111},[50,22884,448],{"class":64},[20,22886,22887,22888,22890],{},"This happens because ",[15,22889,1214],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[36,22892,22894,22895],{"id":22893},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22896,17778],{},[20,22898,22899,22900,1408],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22901,17778],{},[41,22903,22905],{"className":43,"code":22904,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22906,22907,22959,22963,22983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22908,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22910,13567],{"class":56},[50,22912,61],{"class":60},[50,22914,11191],{"class":64},[50,22916,69],{"class":68},[50,22918,178],{"class":72},[50,22920,69],{"class":68},[50,22922,1408],{"class":64},[50,22924,81],{"class":68},[50,22926,8634],{"class":72},[50,22928,69],{"class":68},[50,22930,78],{"class":64},[50,22932,81],{"class":68},[50,22934,20590],{"class":72},[50,22936,69],{"class":68},[50,22938,1408],{"class":64},[50,22940,81],{"class":68},[50,22942,522],{"class":72},[50,22944,69],{"class":68},[50,22946,78],{"class":64},[50,22948,81],{"class":68},[50,22950,1303],{"class":72},[50,22952,69],{"class":68},[50,22954,1408],{"class":64},[50,22956,14559],{"class":111},[50,22958,1445],{"class":64},[50,22960,22961],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,22962,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,22964,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,22966,33],{"class":137},[50,22968,22278],{"class":56},[50,22970,78],{"class":64},[50,22972,22283],{"class":56},[50,22974,148],{"class":137},[50,22976,13609],{"class":56},[50,22978,838],{"class":64},[50,22980,8522],{"class":158},[50,22982,22294],{"class":64},[50,22984,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,22986,173],{"class":151},[50,22988,155],{"class":64},[50,22990,753],{"class":752},[50,22992,69],{"class":72},[50,22994,758],{"class":111},[50,22996,15543],{"class":158},[50,22998,763],{"class":111},[50,23000,1729],{"class":72},[50,23002,758],{"class":111},[50,23004,3197],{"class":158},[50,23006,763],{"class":111},[50,23008,69],{"class":72},[50,23010,186],{"class":64},[20,23012,23013],{},[4465,23014,189],{},[41,23016,23018],{"className":43,"code":23017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,23019,23020,23029,23038],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23021,23022,23024,23026],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23023,178],{"class":56},[50,23025,1408],{"class":64},[50,23027,23028],{"class":56}," Mia\n",[50,23030,23031,23033,23035],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23032,20590],{"class":56},[50,23034,1408],{"class":64},[50,23036,23037],{"class":56}," A\n",[50,23039,23040,23042,23044],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23041,1303],{"class":56},[50,23043,1408],{"class":64},[50,23045,23046],{"class":111}," 14\n",[20,23048,23049],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[41,23051,23053],{"className":43,"code":23052,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,23054,23055,23107,23111,23123],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23056,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23058,13567],{"class":56},[50,23060,61],{"class":60},[50,23062,11191],{"class":64},[50,23064,69],{"class":68},[50,23066,178],{"class":72},[50,23068,69],{"class":68},[50,23070,1408],{"class":64},[50,23072,81],{"class":68},[50,23074,8634],{"class":72},[50,23076,69],{"class":68},[50,23078,78],{"class":64},[50,23080,81],{"class":68},[50,23082,20590],{"class":72},[50,23084,69],{"class":68},[50,23086,1408],{"class":64},[50,23088,81],{"class":68},[50,23090,522],{"class":72},[50,23092,69],{"class":68},[50,23094,78],{"class":64},[50,23096,81],{"class":68},[50,23098,1303],{"class":72},[50,23100,69],{"class":68},[50,23102,1408],{"class":64},[50,23104,14559],{"class":111},[50,23106,1445],{"class":64},[50,23108,23109],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23110,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23112,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23114,33],{"class":137},[50,23116,18907],{"class":56},[50,23118,148],{"class":137},[50,23120,13609],{"class":56},[50,23122,2229],{"class":64},[50,23124,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23126,173],{"class":151},[50,23128,155],{"class":64},[50,23130,753],{"class":752},[50,23132,69],{"class":72},[50,23134,758],{"class":111},[50,23136,15543],{"class":158},[50,23138,763],{"class":111},[50,23140,1729],{"class":72},[50,23142,758],{"class":111},[50,23144,14327],{"class":158},[50,23146,4620],{"class":64},[50,23148,15543],{"class":158},[50,23150,13976],{"class":64},[50,23152,763],{"class":111},[50,23154,69],{"class":72},[50,23156,186],{"class":64},[20,23158,7223,23159,23162],{},[15,23160,23161],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23164,23165,23166,838],{},"For a full guide, see ",[335,23167,23169],{"href":23168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,23171,23173],{"id":23172},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23175,23176],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[41,23178,23180],{"className":43,"code":23179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23181,23182,23241,23245,23264,23268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23183,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23219,23221,23223,23225,23228,23230,23232,23234,23237,23239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23185,13779],{"class":56},[50,23187,61],{"class":60},[50,23189,11191],{"class":64},[50,23191,69],{"class":68},[50,23193,4797],{"class":72},[50,23195,69],{"class":68},[50,23197,1408],{"class":64},[50,23199,81],{"class":68},[50,23201,13796],{"class":72},[50,23203,69],{"class":68},[50,23205,78],{"class":64},[50,23207,81],{"class":68},[50,23209,4806],{"class":72},[50,23211,69],{"class":68},[50,23213,1408],{"class":64},[50,23215,81],{"class":68},[50,23217,23218],{"class":72},"yellow",[50,23220,69],{"class":68},[50,23222,78],{"class":64},[50,23224,81],{"class":68},[50,23226,23227],{"class":72},"grape",[50,23229,69],{"class":68},[50,23231,1408],{"class":64},[50,23233,81],{"class":68},[50,23235,23236],{"class":72},"purple",[50,23238,69],{"class":68},[50,23240,1445],{"class":64},[50,23242,23243],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23244,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23246,23247,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23248,23249],{"class":56},"pairs_list ",[50,23251,61],{"class":60},[50,23253,1191],{"class":371},[50,23255,155],{"class":64},[50,23257,18201],{"class":158},[50,23259,838],{"class":64},[50,23261,8522],{"class":158},[50,23263,7908],{"class":64},[50,23265,23266],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23267,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23269,23270,23272,23274,23277],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,23271,366],{"class":151},[50,23273,155],{"class":64},[50,23275,23276],{"class":158},"pairs_list",[50,23278,186],{"class":64},[20,23280,23281],{},[4465,23282,189],{},[41,23284,23286],{"className":43,"code":23285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23287,23288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23291,401],{"class":64},[50,23293,413],{"class":68},[50,23295,4797],{"class":72},[50,23297,413],{"class":68},[50,23299,78],{"class":64},[50,23301,408],{"class":68},[50,23303,13796],{"class":72},[50,23305,413],{"class":68},[50,23307,416],{"class":64},[50,23309,419],{"class":64},[50,23311,413],{"class":68},[50,23313,4806],{"class":72},[50,23315,413],{"class":68},[50,23317,78],{"class":64},[50,23319,408],{"class":68},[50,23321,23218],{"class":72},[50,23323,413],{"class":68},[50,23325,416],{"class":64},[50,23327,419],{"class":64},[50,23329,413],{"class":68},[50,23331,23227],{"class":72},[50,23333,413],{"class":68},[50,23335,78],{"class":64},[50,23337,408],{"class":68},[50,23339,23236],{"class":72},[50,23341,413],{"class":68},[50,23343,448],{"class":64},[20,23345,23346],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23348,23349],{},"Use this when:",[233,23351,23352,23355,23358],{},[236,23353,23354],{},"You want clearer printed output",[236,23356,23357],{},"You need list behavior",[236,23359,23360],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[36,23362,23364,11286,23366,11286,23368],{"id":23363},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23365,17778],{},[15,23367,17765],{},[15,23369,17771],{},[20,23371,23372],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[233,23374,23375,23380,23385],{},[236,23376,23377,23379],{},[15,23378,17778],{}," gives both key and value",[236,23381,23382,23384],{},[15,23383,17765],{}," gives only keys",[236,23386,23387,23389],{},[15,23388,17771],{}," gives only values",[20,23391,2931],{},[41,23393,23395],{"className":43,"code":23394,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23396,23397,23433,23437,23455,23473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23398,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23400,1356],{"class":56},[50,23402,61],{"class":60},[50,23404,11191],{"class":64},[50,23406,69],{"class":68},[50,23408,178],{"class":72},[50,23410,69],{"class":68},[50,23412,1408],{"class":64},[50,23414,81],{"class":68},[50,23416,73],{"class":72},[50,23418,69],{"class":68},[50,23420,78],{"class":64},[50,23422,81],{"class":68},[50,23424,1303],{"class":72},[50,23426,69],{"class":68},[50,23428,1408],{"class":64},[50,23430,1336],{"class":111},[50,23432,1445],{"class":64},[50,23434,23435],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23436,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23440,366],{"class":151},[50,23442,155],{"class":64},[50,23444,372],{"class":371},[50,23446,155],{"class":64},[50,23448,1386],{"class":158},[50,23450,838],{"class":64},[50,23452,1370],{"class":158},[50,23454,7003],{"class":64},[50,23456,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23458,366],{"class":151},[50,23460,155],{"class":64},[50,23462,372],{"class":371},[50,23464,155],{"class":64},[50,23466,1386],{"class":158},[50,23468,838],{"class":64},[50,23470,6072],{"class":158},[50,23472,7003],{"class":64},[50,23474,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,23476,366],{"class":151},[50,23478,155],{"class":64},[50,23480,372],{"class":371},[50,23482,155],{"class":64},[50,23484,1386],{"class":158},[50,23486,838],{"class":64},[50,23488,8522],{"class":158},[50,23490,7003],{"class":64},[20,23492,23493],{},[4465,23494,189],{},[41,23496,23498],{"className":43,"code":23497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23499,23500,23520,23536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23501,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23503,4620],{"class":64},[50,23505,413],{"class":68},[50,23507,178],{"class":72},[50,23509,413],{"class":68},[50,23511,78],{"class":64},[50,23513,408],{"class":68},[50,23515,1303],{"class":72},[50,23517,413],{"class":68},[50,23519,98],{"class":64},[50,23521,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23523,4620],{"class":64},[50,23525,413],{"class":68},[50,23527,73],{"class":72},[50,23529,413],{"class":68},[50,23531,78],{"class":64},[50,23533,1336],{"class":111},[50,23535,98],{"class":64},[50,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23539,401],{"class":64},[50,23541,413],{"class":68},[50,23543,178],{"class":72},[50,23545,413],{"class":68},[50,23547,78],{"class":64},[50,23549,408],{"class":68},[50,23551,73],{"class":72},[50,23553,413],{"class":68},[50,23555,416],{"class":64},[50,23557,419],{"class":64},[50,23559,413],{"class":68},[50,23561,1303],{"class":72},[50,23563,413],{"class":68},[50,23565,78],{"class":64},[50,23567,1336],{"class":111},[50,23569,448],{"class":64},[20,23571,23572],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[233,23574,23575,23583,23591],{},[236,23576,23577,23578],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[335,23579,23581],{"href":23580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23582,17765],{},[236,23584,23585,23586],{},"Need just values? Use ",[335,23587,23589],{"href":23588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23590,17771],{},[236,23592,23593,23594],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23595,17778],{},[36,23597,5681,23599],{"id":23598},"when-to-use-items",[15,23600,17778],{},[20,23602,23603,23605],{},[15,23604,17778],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[233,23607,23608,23611,23614,23617,23620],{},[236,23609,23610],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[236,23612,23613],{},"Building formatted output",[236,23615,23616],{},"Looping through settings and values",[236,23618,23619],{},"Showing names with scores",[236,23621,23622],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23624,2931],{},[41,23626,23628],{"className":43,"code":23627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23629,23630,23638,23656,23675,23687,23691,23695,23716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23631,23632,23634,23636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23633,14527],{"class":56},[50,23635,61],{"class":60},[50,23637,12196],{"class":64},[50,23639,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23641,12201],{"class":68},[50,23643,13199],{"class":72},[50,23645,69],{"class":68},[50,23647,1408],{"class":64},[50,23649,81],{"class":68},[50,23651,13208],{"class":72},[50,23653,69],{"class":68},[50,23655,12217],{"class":64},[50,23657,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23671,23673],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23659,12201],{"class":68},[50,23661,20821],{"class":72},[50,23663,69],{"class":68},[50,23665,1408],{"class":64},[50,23667,81],{"class":68},[50,23669,23670],{"class":72},"English",[50,23672,69],{"class":68},[50,23674,12217],{"class":64},[50,23676,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23678,12201],{"class":68},[50,23680,19223],{"class":72},[50,23682,69],{"class":68},[50,23684,1408],{"class":64},[50,23686,7135],{"class":1806},[50,23688,23689],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,23690,1445],{"class":64},[50,23692,23693],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,23694,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23696,23697,23699,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,23698,33],{"class":137},[50,23700,23701],{"class":56}," setting",[50,23703,78],{"class":64},[50,23705,22283],{"class":56},[50,23707,148],{"class":137},[50,23709,14571],{"class":56},[50,23711,838],{"class":64},[50,23713,8522],{"class":158},[50,23715,22294],{"class":64},[50,23717,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23731,23733,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,23719,173],{"class":151},[50,23721,155],{"class":64},[50,23723,753],{"class":752},[50,23725,69],{"class":72},[50,23727,758],{"class":111},[50,23729,23730],{"class":158},"setting",[50,23732,763],{"class":111},[50,23734,23735],{"class":72}," = ",[50,23737,758],{"class":111},[50,23739,3197],{"class":158},[50,23741,763],{"class":111},[50,23743,69],{"class":72},[50,23745,186],{"class":64},[20,23747,23748],{},[4465,23749,189],{},[41,23751,23753],{"className":43,"code":23752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23754,23755,23765,23775],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23756,23757,23760,23762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23758,23759],{"class":56},"theme ",[50,23761,61],{"class":60},[50,23763,23764],{"class":56}," dark\n",[50,23766,23767,23770,23772],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23768,23769],{"class":56},"language ",[50,23771,61],{"class":60},[50,23773,23774],{"class":56}," English\n",[50,23776,23777,23780,23782],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23778,23779],{"class":56},"notifications ",[50,23781,61],{"class":60},[50,23783,7135],{"class":1806},[36,23785,3553],{"id":3552},[20,23787,23788,23789,838],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23790,17778],{},[1112,23792,23794,23795,23797],{"id":23793},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23796,17778],{}," incorrectly",[20,23799,23800,23801,23803,23804,23807],{},"Each result from ",[15,23802,17778],{}," has ",[4465,23805,23806],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23809,7401],{},[41,23811,23812],{"className":43,"code":22229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,23813,23814,23850,23854,23874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23815,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23817,1356],{"class":56},[50,23819,61],{"class":60},[50,23821,11191],{"class":64},[50,23823,69],{"class":68},[50,23825,178],{"class":72},[50,23827,69],{"class":68},[50,23829,1408],{"class":64},[50,23831,81],{"class":68},[50,23833,73],{"class":72},[50,23835,69],{"class":68},[50,23837,78],{"class":64},[50,23839,81],{"class":68},[50,23841,1303],{"class":72},[50,23843,69],{"class":68},[50,23845,1408],{"class":64},[50,23847,1336],{"class":111},[50,23849,1445],{"class":64},[50,23851,23852],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23853,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23855,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23857,33],{"class":137},[50,23859,22278],{"class":56},[50,23861,78],{"class":64},[50,23863,22283],{"class":56},[50,23865,148],{"class":137},[50,23867,13950],{"class":56},[50,23869,838],{"class":64},[50,23871,8522],{"class":158},[50,23873,22294],{"class":64},[50,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23877,173],{"class":151},[50,23879,155],{"class":64},[50,23881,15543],{"class":158},[50,23883,78],{"class":64},[50,23885,9144],{"class":158},[50,23887,186],{"class":64},[20,23889,23890],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[41,23892,23894],{"className":43,"code":23893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23895,23896,23932,23936,23952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23897,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23899,1356],{"class":56},[50,23901,61],{"class":60},[50,23903,11191],{"class":64},[50,23905,69],{"class":68},[50,23907,178],{"class":72},[50,23909,69],{"class":68},[50,23911,1408],{"class":64},[50,23913,81],{"class":68},[50,23915,73],{"class":72},[50,23917,69],{"class":68},[50,23919,78],{"class":64},[50,23921,81],{"class":68},[50,23923,1303],{"class":72},[50,23925,69],{"class":68},[50,23927,1408],{"class":64},[50,23929,1336],{"class":111},[50,23931,1445],{"class":64},[50,23933,23934],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23935,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,23939,33],{"class":137},[50,23941,18907],{"class":56},[50,23943,148],{"class":137},[50,23945,13950],{"class":56},[50,23947,838],{"class":64},[50,23949,8522],{"class":158},[50,23951,22294],{"class":64},[50,23953,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,23955,173],{"class":151},[50,23957,155],{"class":64},[50,23959,15543],{"class":158},[50,23961,186],{"class":64},[20,23963,23964,23965,23967,23968,23971],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23966,15543],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23969,23970],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23973,23974],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[41,23976,23978],{"className":43,"code":23977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23979,23980,23996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23983,33],{"class":137},[50,23985,2221],{"class":56},[50,23987,148],{"class":137},[50,23989,13950],{"class":56},[50,23991,838],{"class":64},[50,23993,8522],{"class":158},[50,23995,22294],{"class":64},[50,23997,23998,24000,24002,24004],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,23999,173],{"class":151},[50,24001,155],{"class":64},[50,24003,2238],{"class":158},[50,24005,186],{"class":64},[20,24007,24008],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[41,24010,24012],{"className":43,"code":24011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24013,24014,24034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24015,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24017,33],{"class":137},[50,24019,22278],{"class":56},[50,24021,78],{"class":64},[50,24023,22283],{"class":56},[50,24025,148],{"class":137},[50,24027,13950],{"class":56},[50,24029,838],{"class":64},[50,24031,8522],{"class":158},[50,24033,22294],{"class":64},[50,24035,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24037,173],{"class":151},[50,24039,155],{"class":64},[50,24041,15543],{"class":158},[50,24043,78],{"class":64},[50,24045,9144],{"class":158},[50,24047,186],{"class":64},[1112,24049,2120,24051,24053],{"id":24050},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,24052,17778],{}," to return a regular list",[20,24055,24056,22673,24058,24060],{},[15,24057,17778],{},[15,24059,22606],{}," object, not a list.",[20,24062,24063],{},"Check it:",[41,24065,24067],{"className":43,"code":24066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,24068,24069,24101,24105,24119,24137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24070,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24072,12428],{"class":56},[50,24074,61],{"class":60},[50,24076,11191],{"class":64},[50,24078,69],{"class":68},[50,24080,335],{"class":72},[50,24082,69],{"class":68},[50,24084,1408],{"class":64},[50,24086,6212],{"class":111},[50,24088,78],{"class":64},[50,24090,81],{"class":68},[50,24092,344],{"class":72},[50,24094,69],{"class":68},[50,24096,1408],{"class":64},[50,24098,314],{"class":111},[50,24100,1445],{"class":64},[50,24102,24103],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24104,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24106,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24108,366],{"class":151},[50,24110,155],{"class":64},[50,24112,12152],{"class":158},[50,24114,838],{"class":64},[50,24116,8522],{"class":158},[50,24118,7908],{"class":64},[50,24120,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,24122,366],{"class":151},[50,24124,155],{"class":64},[50,24126,3945],{"class":371},[50,24128,155],{"class":64},[50,24130,12152],{"class":158},[50,24132,838],{"class":64},[50,24134,8522],{"class":158},[50,24136,7003],{"class":64},[50,24138,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,24140,366],{"class":151},[50,24142,155],{"class":64},[50,24144,372],{"class":371},[50,24146,155],{"class":64},[50,24148,12152],{"class":158},[50,24150,838],{"class":64},[50,24152,8522],{"class":158},[50,24154,7003],{"class":64},[20,24156,24157],{},[4465,24158,189],{},[41,24160,24162],{"className":43,"code":24161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24163,24164,24196,24210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24165,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24167,22606],{"class":158},[50,24169,10359],{"class":64},[50,24171,413],{"class":68},[50,24173,335],{"class":72},[50,24175,413],{"class":68},[50,24177,78],{"class":64},[50,24179,6212],{"class":111},[50,24181,416],{"class":64},[50,24183,419],{"class":64},[50,24185,413],{"class":68},[50,24187,344],{"class":72},[50,24189,413],{"class":68},[50,24191,78],{"class":64},[50,24193,314],{"class":111},[50,24195,11380],{"class":64},[50,24197,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24199,4014],{"class":60},[50,24201,4017],{"class":752},[50,24203,408],{"class":68},[50,24205,22606],{"class":72},[50,24207,413],{"class":68},[50,24209,4026],{"class":60},[50,24211,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24213,401],{"class":64},[50,24215,413],{"class":68},[50,24217,335],{"class":72},[50,24219,413],{"class":68},[50,24221,78],{"class":64},[50,24223,6212],{"class":111},[50,24225,416],{"class":64},[50,24227,419],{"class":64},[50,24229,413],{"class":68},[50,24231,344],{"class":72},[50,24233,413],{"class":68},[50,24235,78],{"class":64},[50,24237,314],{"class":111},[50,24239,448],{"class":64},[1112,24241,24243,24244],{"id":24242},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24245,17778],{},[20,24247,24248],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24250,24251],{},"Problem example:",[41,24253,24255],{"className":43,"code":24254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24256,24257,24301,24305,24325,24337],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24258,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24260,302],{"class":56},[50,24262,61],{"class":60},[50,24264,11191],{"class":64},[50,24266,69],{"class":68},[50,24268,335],{"class":72},[50,24270,69],{"class":68},[50,24272,1408],{"class":64},[50,24274,6212],{"class":111},[50,24276,78],{"class":64},[50,24278,81],{"class":68},[50,24280,344],{"class":72},[50,24282,69],{"class":68},[50,24284,1408],{"class":64},[50,24286,314],{"class":111},[50,24288,78],{"class":64},[50,24290,81],{"class":68},[50,24292,353],{"class":72},[50,24294,69],{"class":68},[50,24296,1408],{"class":64},[50,24298,319],{"class":111},[50,24300,1445],{"class":64},[50,24302,24303],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24304,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24306,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24308,33],{"class":137},[50,24310,22278],{"class":56},[50,24312,78],{"class":64},[50,24314,22283],{"class":56},[50,24316,148],{"class":137},[50,24318,4982],{"class":56},[50,24320,838],{"class":64},[50,24322,8522],{"class":158},[50,24324,22294],{"class":64},[50,24326,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,24328,7111],{"class":137},[50,24330,22283],{"class":56},[50,24332,1945],{"class":60},[50,24334,314],{"class":111},[50,24336,2229],{"class":64},[50,24338,24339,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,24340,24341],{"class":56},"        numbers",[50,24343,4620],{"class":64},[50,24345,69],{"class":68},[50,24347,19466],{"class":72},[50,24349,69],{"class":68},[50,24351,13976],{"class":64},[50,24353,13979],{"class":60},[50,24355,24356],{"class":111}," 4\n",[20,24358,24359],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24361,24362],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[41,24364,24366],{"className":43,"code":24365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24367,24368,24412,24416,24441,24453,24471,24475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24369,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24371,302],{"class":56},[50,24373,61],{"class":60},[50,24375,11191],{"class":64},[50,24377,69],{"class":68},[50,24379,335],{"class":72},[50,24381,69],{"class":68},[50,24383,1408],{"class":64},[50,24385,6212],{"class":111},[50,24387,78],{"class":64},[50,24389,81],{"class":68},[50,24391,344],{"class":72},[50,24393,69],{"class":68},[50,24395,1408],{"class":64},[50,24397,314],{"class":111},[50,24399,78],{"class":64},[50,24401,81],{"class":68},[50,24403,353],{"class":72},[50,24405,69],{"class":68},[50,24407,1408],{"class":64},[50,24409,319],{"class":111},[50,24411,1445],{"class":64},[50,24413,24414],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24415,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24417,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24419,33],{"class":137},[50,24421,22278],{"class":56},[50,24423,78],{"class":64},[50,24425,22283],{"class":56},[50,24427,148],{"class":137},[50,24429,1191],{"class":371},[50,24431,155],{"class":64},[50,24433,381],{"class":158},[50,24435,838],{"class":64},[50,24437,8522],{"class":158},[50,24439,24440],{"class":64},"()):\n",[50,24442,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,24444,7111],{"class":137},[50,24446,22283],{"class":56},[50,24448,1945],{"class":60},[50,24450,314],{"class":111},[50,24452,2229],{"class":64},[50,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,24456,24341],{"class":56},[50,24458,4620],{"class":64},[50,24460,69],{"class":68},[50,24462,19466],{"class":72},[50,24464,69],{"class":68},[50,24466,13976],{"class":64},[50,24468,13979],{"class":60},[50,24470,24356],{"class":111},[50,24472,24473],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,24474,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24476,24477,24479,24481,24483],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,24478,366],{"class":151},[50,24480,155],{"class":64},[50,24482,381],{"class":158},[50,24484,186],{"class":64},[1112,24486,24488],{"id":24487},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24490,24491],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[41,24493,24495],{"className":43,"code":24494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24496,24497,24529,24533,24549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24498,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24500,1818],{"class":56},[50,24502,61],{"class":60},[50,24504,11191],{"class":64},[50,24506,69],{"class":68},[50,24508,2896],{"class":72},[50,24510,69],{"class":68},[50,24512,1408],{"class":64},[50,24514,6717],{"class":111},[50,24516,78],{"class":64},[50,24518,81],{"class":68},[50,24520,12449],{"class":72},[50,24522,69],{"class":68},[50,24524,1408],{"class":64},[50,24526,1873],{"class":111},[50,24528,1445],{"class":64},[50,24530,24531],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24532,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24534,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24536,33],{"class":137},[50,24538,2221],{"class":56},[50,24540,148],{"class":137},[50,24542,15268],{"class":56},[50,24544,838],{"class":64},[50,24546,8522],{"class":158},[50,24548,22294],{"class":64},[50,24550,24551,24553,24555,24557],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,24552,173],{"class":151},[50,24554,155],{"class":64},[50,24556,2238],{"class":158},[50,24558,186],{"class":64},[20,24560,24561],{},[4465,24562,189],{},[41,24564,24566],{"className":43,"code":24565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24567,24568,24584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24569,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24571,155],{"class":64},[50,24573,413],{"class":68},[50,24575,2896],{"class":72},[50,24577,413],{"class":68},[50,24579,78],{"class":64},[50,24581,6717],{"class":111},[50,24583,186],{"class":64},[50,24585,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24587,155],{"class":64},[50,24589,413],{"class":68},[50,24591,12449],{"class":72},[50,24593,413],{"class":68},[50,24595,78],{"class":64},[50,24597,1873],{"class":111},[50,24599,186],{"class":64},[20,24601,24602,24603,24605],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24604,22354],{}," pair.",[36,24607,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,24609,24611,24612,2562],{"id":24610},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24613,17778],{},[20,24615,18120,24616,24618],{},[15,24617,22606],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1112,24620,2569,24622,24624],{"id":24621},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24623,17778],{}," return a list?",[20,24626,24627,24628,24631],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24629,24630],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1112,24633,24635,24636,2582],{"id":24634},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24637,17778],{},[20,24639,24640],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[41,24642,24644],{"className":43,"code":24643,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24645,24646,24666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24649,33],{"class":137},[50,24651,22278],{"class":56},[50,24653,78],{"class":64},[50,24655,22283],{"class":56},[50,24657,148],{"class":137},[50,24659,12470],{"class":56},[50,24661,838],{"class":64},[50,24663,8522],{"class":158},[50,24665,22294],{"class":64},[50,24667,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24669,173],{"class":151},[50,24671,155],{"class":64},[50,24673,15543],{"class":158},[50,24675,78],{"class":64},[50,24677,9144],{"class":158},[50,24679,186],{"class":64},[1112,24681,2569,24683,24685],{"id":24682},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24684,17778],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24687,24688],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[36,24690,2610],{"id":2609},[233,24692,24693,24699,24705,24710,24714],{},[236,24694,24695],{},[335,24696,11438,24697,11442],{"href":23580},[15,24698,17765],{},[236,24700,24701],{},[335,24702,11438,24703,11442],{"href":23588},[15,24704,17771],{},[236,24706,24707],{},[335,24708,24709],{"href":23168},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[236,24711,24712],{},[335,24713,9868],{"href":13726},[236,24715,24716],{},[335,24717,24718],{"href":22476},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2640,24720,24721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":24723},[24724,24725,24727,24728,24729,24731,24732,24734,24736,24745,24755],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":22337,"depth":101,"text":24726},"What items() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":22667,"depth":101,"text":22668},{"id":22893,"depth":101,"text":24730},"Looping with items()",{"id":23172,"depth":101,"text":23173},{"id":23363,"depth":101,"text":24733},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23598,"depth":101,"text":24735},"When to use items()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":24737},[24738,24740,24742,24744],{"id":23793,"depth":127,"text":24739},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":24050,"depth":127,"text":24741},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24242,"depth":127,"text":24743},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24487,"depth":127,"text":24488},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":24746},[24747,24749,24751,24753],{"id":24610,"depth":127,"text":24748},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24621,"depth":127,"text":24750},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24634,"depth":127,"text":24752},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24682,"depth":127,"text":24754},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22205,"description":24756},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24763,"title":24764,"body":24765,"description":26853,"extension":2687,"meta":26854,"navigation":130,"path":23580,"seo":26855,"stem":26856,"__hash__":26857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24766,"toc":26819},[24767,24772,24778,24781,24792,24799,24801,24884,24888,24935,24940,24945,24950,24952,24968,24970,25069,25073,25130,25133,25135,25138,25231,25235,25298,25301,25317,25322,25324,25326,25341,25343,25354,25356,25399,25402,25446,25449,25451,25458,25461,25478,25480,25573,25577,25618,25630,25634,25637,25725,25729,25749,25752,25779,25786,25791,25795,25806,25808,25909,25913,25939,25942,26009,26014,26017,26040,26045,26049,26054,26060,26065,26067,26122,26126,26153,26160,26166,26169,26194,26200,26226,26229,26304,26311,26316,26318,26357,26375,26379,26382,26425,26428,26430,26449,26451,26456,26481,26484,26554,26557,26630,26634,26636,26697,26700,26716,26718,26723,26728,26735,26744,26750,26756,26763,26769,26773,26778,26780,26816],[10,24768,12020,24770,12024],{"id":24769},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24771,17765],{},[20,24773,24774,24775,24777],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24776,17765],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24779,24780],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[233,24782,24783,24786,24789],{},[236,24784,24785],{},"view the available keys",[236,24787,24788],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[236,24790,24791],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24793,24794,24796,24797,838],{},[15,24795,17765],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24798,17714],{},[36,24800,39],{"id":38},[41,24802,24804],{"className":43,"code":24803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24805,24806,24842,24856,24860,24870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24807,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24809,13567],{"class":56},[50,24811,61],{"class":60},[50,24813,11191],{"class":64},[50,24815,69],{"class":68},[50,24817,178],{"class":72},[50,24819,69],{"class":68},[50,24821,1408],{"class":64},[50,24823,81],{"class":68},[50,24825,73],{"class":72},[50,24827,69],{"class":68},[50,24829,78],{"class":64},[50,24831,81],{"class":68},[50,24833,1303],{"class":72},[50,24835,69],{"class":68},[50,24837,1408],{"class":64},[50,24839,1873],{"class":111},[50,24841,1445],{"class":64},[50,24843,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24845,1286],{"class":56},[50,24847,61],{"class":60},[50,24849,13609],{"class":56},[50,24851,838],{"class":64},[50,24853,1370],{"class":158},[50,24855,9354],{"class":64},[50,24857,24858],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,24859,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,24861,24862,24864,24866,24868],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,24863,366],{"class":151},[50,24865,155],{"class":64},[50,24867,1370],{"class":158},[50,24869,186],{"class":64},[50,24871,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,24873,366],{"class":151},[50,24875,155],{"class":64},[50,24877,372],{"class":371},[50,24879,155],{"class":64},[50,24881,1370],{"class":158},[50,24883,1077],{"class":64},[20,24885,24886],{},[4465,24887,189],{},[41,24889,24891],{"className":43,"code":24890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24892,24893,24915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24896,17714],{"class":158},[50,24898,2182],{"class":64},[50,24900,413],{"class":68},[50,24902,178],{"class":72},[50,24904,413],{"class":68},[50,24906,78],{"class":64},[50,24908,408],{"class":68},[50,24910,1303],{"class":72},[50,24912,413],{"class":68},[50,24914,2210],{"class":64},[50,24916,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,24918,4620],{"class":64},[50,24920,413],{"class":68},[50,24922,178],{"class":72},[50,24924,413],{"class":68},[50,24926,78],{"class":64},[50,24928,408],{"class":68},[50,24930,1303],{"class":72},[50,24932,413],{"class":68},[50,24934,98],{"class":64},[20,24936,221,24937,24939],{},[15,24938,17765],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[36,24941,228,24943,231],{"id":24942},"what-keys-does",[15,24944,17765],{},[20,24946,24947,24949],{},[15,24948,17765],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24951,12161],{},[233,24953,24954,24957,24960,24965],{},[236,24955,24956],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[236,24958,24959],{},"It does not need any arguments",[236,24961,18120,24962,24964],{},[15,24963,17714],{}," view object, not a list",[236,24966,24967],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24969,2931],{},[41,24971,24973],{"className":43,"code":24972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24974,24975,25011,25015,25029,25033,25055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24976,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24978,1356],{"class":56},[50,24980,61],{"class":60},[50,24982,11191],{"class":64},[50,24984,69],{"class":68},[50,24986,178],{"class":72},[50,24988,69],{"class":68},[50,24990,1408],{"class":64},[50,24992,81],{"class":68},[50,24994,13924],{"class":72},[50,24996,69],{"class":68},[50,24998,78],{"class":64},[50,25000,81],{"class":68},[50,25002,1303],{"class":72},[50,25004,69],{"class":68},[50,25006,1408],{"class":64},[50,25008,1336],{"class":111},[50,25010,1445],{"class":64},[50,25012,25013],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25014,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25016,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25018,366],{"class":151},[50,25020,155],{"class":64},[50,25022,1386],{"class":158},[50,25024,838],{"class":64},[50,25026,1370],{"class":158},[50,25028,7908],{"class":64},[50,25030,25031],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25032,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25034,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,25036,1386],{"class":56},[50,25038,4620],{"class":64},[50,25040,69],{"class":68},[50,25042,1312],{"class":72},[50,25044,69],{"class":68},[50,25046,13976],{"class":64},[50,25048,13979],{"class":60},[50,25050,81],{"class":68},[50,25052,11116],{"class":72},[50,25054,4082],{"class":68},[50,25056,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,25058,366],{"class":151},[50,25060,155],{"class":64},[50,25062,1386],{"class":158},[50,25064,838],{"class":64},[50,25066,1370],{"class":158},[50,25068,7908],{"class":64},[20,25070,25071],{},[4465,25072,189],{},[41,25074,25076],{"className":43,"code":25075,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,25077,25078,25100],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25079,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25081,17714],{"class":158},[50,25083,2182],{"class":64},[50,25085,413],{"class":68},[50,25087,178],{"class":72},[50,25089,413],{"class":68},[50,25091,78],{"class":64},[50,25093,408],{"class":68},[50,25095,1303],{"class":72},[50,25097,413],{"class":68},[50,25099,2210],{"class":64},[50,25101,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25103,17714],{"class":158},[50,25105,2182],{"class":64},[50,25107,413],{"class":68},[50,25109,178],{"class":72},[50,25111,413],{"class":68},[50,25113,78],{"class":64},[50,25115,408],{"class":68},[50,25117,1303],{"class":72},[50,25119,413],{"class":68},[50,25121,78],{"class":64},[50,25123,408],{"class":68},[50,25125,1312],{"class":72},[50,25127,413],{"class":68},[50,25129,2210],{"class":64},[20,25131,25132],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[36,25134,6501],{"id":6500},[20,25136,25137],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[41,25139,25141],{"className":43,"code":25140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,25142,25143,25195,25199,25213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25144,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25146,1818],{"class":56},[50,25148,61],{"class":60},[50,25150,11191],{"class":64},[50,25152,69],{"class":68},[50,25154,178],{"class":72},[50,25156,69],{"class":68},[50,25158,1408],{"class":64},[50,25160,81],{"class":68},[50,25162,73],{"class":72},[50,25164,69],{"class":68},[50,25166,78],{"class":64},[50,25168,81],{"class":68},[50,25170,1303],{"class":72},[50,25172,69],{"class":68},[50,25174,1408],{"class":64},[50,25176,1873],{"class":111},[50,25178,78],{"class":64},[50,25180,81],{"class":68},[50,25182,20590],{"class":72},[50,25184,69],{"class":68},[50,25186,1408],{"class":64},[50,25188,81],{"class":68},[50,25190,522],{"class":72},[50,25192,69],{"class":68},[50,25194,1445],{"class":64},[50,25196,25197],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25198,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25200,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25202,366],{"class":151},[50,25204,155],{"class":64},[50,25206,1845],{"class":158},[50,25208,838],{"class":64},[50,25210,1370],{"class":158},[50,25212,7908],{"class":64},[50,25214,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25216,366],{"class":151},[50,25218,155],{"class":64},[50,25220,372],{"class":371},[50,25222,155],{"class":64},[50,25224,1845],{"class":158},[50,25226,838],{"class":64},[50,25228,1370],{"class":158},[50,25230,7003],{"class":64},[20,25232,25233],{},[4465,25234,189],{},[41,25236,25238],{"className":43,"code":25237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25239,25240,25270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25241,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25243,17714],{"class":158},[50,25245,2182],{"class":64},[50,25247,413],{"class":68},[50,25249,178],{"class":72},[50,25251,413],{"class":68},[50,25253,78],{"class":64},[50,25255,408],{"class":68},[50,25257,1303],{"class":72},[50,25259,413],{"class":68},[50,25261,78],{"class":64},[50,25263,408],{"class":68},[50,25265,20590],{"class":72},[50,25267,413],{"class":68},[50,25269,2210],{"class":64},[50,25271,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25273,4620],{"class":64},[50,25275,413],{"class":68},[50,25277,178],{"class":72},[50,25279,413],{"class":68},[50,25281,78],{"class":64},[50,25283,408],{"class":68},[50,25285,1303],{"class":72},[50,25287,413],{"class":68},[50,25289,78],{"class":64},[50,25291,408],{"class":68},[50,25293,20590],{"class":72},[50,25295,413],{"class":68},[50,25297,98],{"class":64},[20,25299,25300],{},"This shows two things:",[233,25302,25303,25311],{},[236,25304,25305,22673,25308,25310],{},[15,25306,25307],{},"data.keys()",[15,25309,17714],{}," object",[236,25312,25313,25316],{},[15,25314,25315],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25318,9864,25319,838],{},[335,25320,25321],{"href":10092},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[36,25323,6145],{"id":6144},[20,25325,2882],{},[41,25327,25329],{"className":43,"code":25328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25330,25331],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25332,25333,25335,25337,25339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25334,12152],{"class":56},[50,25336,838],{"class":64},[50,25338,1370],{"class":158},[50,25340,9354],{"class":64},[20,25342,22498],{},[233,25344,25345,25348,25351],{},[236,25346,25347],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[236,25349,25350],{},"It takes no parameters",[236,25352,25353],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25355,17356],{},[41,25357,25359],{"className":43,"code":25358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25360,25361,25385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25362,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25364,13567],{"class":56},[50,25366,61],{"class":60},[50,25368,11191],{"class":64},[50,25370,69],{"class":68},[50,25372,178],{"class":72},[50,25374,69],{"class":68},[50,25376,1408],{"class":64},[50,25378,81],{"class":68},[50,25380,73],{"class":72},[50,25382,69],{"class":68},[50,25384,1445],{"class":64},[50,25386,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25388,366],{"class":151},[50,25390,155],{"class":64},[50,25392,14327],{"class":158},[50,25394,838],{"class":64},[50,25396,1370],{"class":158},[50,25398,7908],{"class":64},[20,25400,25401],{},"Incorrect:",[41,25403,25405],{"className":43,"code":25404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25406,25407,25431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427,25429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25410,13567],{"class":56},[50,25412,61],{"class":60},[50,25414,11191],{"class":64},[50,25416,69],{"class":68},[50,25418,178],{"class":72},[50,25420,69],{"class":68},[50,25422,1408],{"class":64},[50,25424,81],{"class":68},[50,25426,73],{"class":72},[50,25428,69],{"class":68},[50,25430,1445],{"class":64},[50,25432,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25444],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25434,366],{"class":151},[50,25436,155],{"class":64},[50,25438,14327],{"class":158},[50,25440,838],{"class":64},[50,25442,1370],{"class":25443},"skxfh",[50,25445,186],{"class":64},[20,25447,25448],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[36,25450,18117],{"id":18116},[20,25452,25453,22673,25455,25457],{},[15,25454,17765],{},[15,25456,17714],{}," object.",[20,25459,25460],{},"This object:",[233,25462,25463,25466,25469,25475],{},[236,25464,25465],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[236,25467,25468],{},"can be used in a loop",[236,25470,25471,25472],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25473,25474],{},"list()",[236,25476,25477],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25479,2931],{},[41,25481,25483],{"className":43,"code":25482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25484,25485,25526,25530,25545,25549,25559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25486,25487,25490,25492,25494,25496,25499,25501,25503,25505,25508,25510,25512,25514,25517,25519,25521,25524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25488,25489],{"class":56},"car ",[50,25491,61],{"class":60},[50,25493,11191],{"class":64},[50,25495,69],{"class":68},[50,25497,25498],{"class":72},"brand",[50,25500,69],{"class":68},[50,25502,1408],{"class":64},[50,25504,81],{"class":68},[50,25506,25507],{"class":72},"Toyota",[50,25509,69],{"class":68},[50,25511,78],{"class":64},[50,25513,81],{"class":68},[50,25515,25516],{"class":72},"year",[50,25518,69],{"class":68},[50,25520,1408],{"class":64},[50,25522,25523],{"class":111}," 2020",[50,25525,1445],{"class":64},[50,25527,25528],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25529,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25531,25532,25534,25536,25539,25541,25543],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25533,2954],{"class":56},[50,25535,61],{"class":60},[50,25537,25538],{"class":56}," car",[50,25540,838],{"class":64},[50,25542,1370],{"class":158},[50,25544,9354],{"class":64},[50,25546,25547],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25548,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25550,25551,25553,25555,25557],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,25552,366],{"class":151},[50,25554,155],{"class":64},[50,25556,2989],{"class":158},[50,25558,186],{"class":64},[50,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,25562,366],{"class":151},[50,25564,155],{"class":64},[50,25566,3945],{"class":371},[50,25568,155],{"class":64},[50,25570,2989],{"class":158},[50,25572,1077],{"class":64},[20,25574,25575],{},[4465,25576,189],{},[41,25578,25580],{"className":43,"code":25579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25581,25582,25604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25583,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25585,17714],{"class":158},[50,25587,2182],{"class":64},[50,25589,413],{"class":68},[50,25591,25498],{"class":72},[50,25593,413],{"class":68},[50,25595,78],{"class":64},[50,25597,408],{"class":68},[50,25599,25516],{"class":72},[50,25601,413],{"class":68},[50,25603,2210],{"class":64},[50,25605,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25607,4014],{"class":60},[50,25609,4017],{"class":752},[50,25611,408],{"class":68},[50,25613,17714],{"class":72},[50,25615,413],{"class":68},[50,25617,4026],{"class":60},[20,25619,25620,25621,25625,25626,838],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[335,25622,11438,25623,11442],{"href":17768},[15,25624,17771],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[335,25627,11438,25628,11442],{"href":17775},[15,25629,17778],{},[36,25631,25633],{"id":25632},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25635,25636],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[41,25638,25640],{"className":43,"code":25639,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25641,25642,25695,25699,25715],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25643,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25691,25693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25645,13567],{"class":56},[50,25647,61],{"class":60},[50,25649,11191],{"class":64},[50,25651,69],{"class":68},[50,25653,178],{"class":72},[50,25655,69],{"class":68},[50,25657,1408],{"class":64},[50,25659,81],{"class":68},[50,25661,73],{"class":72},[50,25663,69],{"class":68},[50,25665,78],{"class":64},[50,25667,81],{"class":68},[50,25669,1303],{"class":72},[50,25671,69],{"class":68},[50,25673,1408],{"class":64},[50,25675,1873],{"class":111},[50,25677,78],{"class":64},[50,25679,81],{"class":68},[50,25681,16031],{"class":72},[50,25683,69],{"class":68},[50,25685,1408],{"class":64},[50,25687,81],{"class":68},[50,25689,25690],{"class":72},"Math",[50,25692,69],{"class":68},[50,25694,1445],{"class":64},[50,25696,25697],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25698,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25700,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25702,33],{"class":137},[50,25704,18907],{"class":56},[50,25706,148],{"class":137},[50,25708,13609],{"class":56},[50,25710,838],{"class":64},[50,25712,1370],{"class":158},[50,25714,22294],{"class":64},[50,25716,25717,25719,25721,25723],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25718,173],{"class":151},[50,25720,155],{"class":64},[50,25722,15543],{"class":158},[50,25724,186],{"class":64},[20,25726,25727],{},[4465,25728,189],{},[41,25730,25732],{"className":43,"code":25731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25733,25734,25739,25744],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25735,25736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25737,25738],{"class":56},"name\n",[50,25740,25741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25742,25743],{"class":56},"age\n",[50,25745,25746],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25747,25748],{"class":56},"course\n",[20,25750,25751],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[41,25753,25755],{"className":43,"code":25754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25756,25757,25769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25758,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25760,33],{"class":137},[50,25762,18907],{"class":56},[50,25764,148],{"class":137},[50,25766,13609],{"class":56},[50,25768,2229],{"class":64},[50,25770,25771,25773,25775,25777],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25772,173],{"class":151},[50,25774,155],{"class":64},[50,25776,15543],{"class":158},[50,25778,186],{"class":64},[20,25780,25781,25782,25785],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25783,25784],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[36,25787,5681,25789],{"id":25788},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25790,17765],{},[20,25792,221,25793,11302],{},[15,25794,17765],{},[233,25796,25797,25800,25803],{},[236,25798,25799],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[236,25801,25802],{},"you want to display available fields",[236,25804,25805],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25807,2931],{},[41,25809,25811],{"className":43,"code":25810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25812,25813,25864,25868,25883,25899],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25814,25815,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25849,25851,25853,25856,25858,25860,25862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25816,25817],{"class":56},"product ",[50,25819,61],{"class":60},[50,25821,11191],{"class":64},[50,25823,69],{"class":68},[50,25825,178],{"class":72},[50,25827,69],{"class":68},[50,25829,1408],{"class":64},[50,25831,81],{"class":68},[50,25833,1994],{"class":72},[50,25835,69],{"class":68},[50,25837,78],{"class":64},[50,25839,81],{"class":68},[50,25841,2097],{"class":72},[50,25843,69],{"class":68},[50,25845,1408],{"class":64},[50,25847,25848],{"class":111}," 12.99",[50,25850,78],{"class":64},[50,25852,81],{"class":68},[50,25854,25855],{"class":72},"stock",[50,25857,69],{"class":68},[50,25859,1408],{"class":64},[50,25861,5325],{"class":111},[50,25863,1445],{"class":64},[50,25865,25866],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25867,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25869,25870,25872,25874,25876,25879,25881],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25871,366],{"class":151},[50,25873,155],{"class":64},[50,25875,69],{"class":68},[50,25877,25878],{"class":72},"Available fields:",[50,25880,69],{"class":68},[50,25882,186],{"class":64},[50,25884,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25886,33],{"class":137},[50,25888,18907],{"class":56},[50,25890,148],{"class":137},[50,25892,2051],{"class":56},[50,25894,838],{"class":64},[50,25896,1370],{"class":158},[50,25898,22294],{"class":64},[50,25900,25901,25903,25905,25907],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,25902,173],{"class":151},[50,25904,155],{"class":64},[50,25906,15543],{"class":158},[50,25908,186],{"class":64},[20,25910,25911],{},[4465,25912,189],{},[41,25914,25916],{"className":43,"code":25915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25917,25918,25925,25929,25934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25919,25920,25923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25921,25922],{"class":56},"Available fields",[50,25924,2229],{"class":64},[50,25926,25927],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25928,25738],{"class":56},[50,25930,25931],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25932,25933],{"class":56},"price\n",[50,25935,25936],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,25937,25938],{"class":56},"stock\n",[20,25940,25941],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[41,25943,25945],{"className":43,"code":25944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25946,25947,25983,25987],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25948,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25950,25817],{"class":56},[50,25952,61],{"class":60},[50,25954,11191],{"class":64},[50,25956,69],{"class":68},[50,25958,178],{"class":72},[50,25960,69],{"class":68},[50,25962,1408],{"class":64},[50,25964,81],{"class":68},[50,25966,1994],{"class":72},[50,25968,69],{"class":68},[50,25970,78],{"class":64},[50,25972,81],{"class":68},[50,25974,2097],{"class":72},[50,25976,69],{"class":68},[50,25978,1408],{"class":64},[50,25980,25848],{"class":111},[50,25982,1445],{"class":64},[50,25984,25985],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,25986,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,25988,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,25990,366],{"class":151},[50,25992,155],{"class":64},[50,25994,69],{"class":68},[50,25996,178],{"class":72},[50,25998,69],{"class":68},[50,26000,21872],{"class":137},[50,26002,2051],{"class":158},[50,26004,838],{"class":64},[50,26006,1370],{"class":158},[50,26008,7908],{"class":64},[20,26010,26011,26012,838],{},"This works and returns ",[15,26013,4326],{},[20,26015,26016],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[41,26018,26020],{"className":43,"code":26019,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,26021,26022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26023,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26025,366],{"class":151},[50,26027,155],{"class":64},[50,26029,69],{"class":68},[50,26031,178],{"class":72},[50,26033,69],{"class":68},[50,26035,21872],{"class":137},[50,26037,2051],{"class":158},[50,26039,186],{"class":64},[20,26041,26042,26043,838],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[335,26044,21905],{"href":17853},[36,26046,26048],{"id":26047},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,26050,26051,26052,838],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,26053,17765],{},[1112,26055,2120,26057,26059],{"id":26056},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,26058,17765],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,26061,26062,26064],{},[15,26063,17765],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,26066,2931],{},[41,26068,26070],{"className":43,"code":26069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,26071,26072,26108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26073,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26075,1818],{"class":56},[50,26077,61],{"class":60},[50,26079,11191],{"class":64},[50,26081,69],{"class":68},[50,26083,178],{"class":72},[50,26085,69],{"class":68},[50,26087,1408],{"class":64},[50,26089,81],{"class":68},[50,26091,73],{"class":72},[50,26093,69],{"class":68},[50,26095,78],{"class":64},[50,26097,81],{"class":68},[50,26099,1303],{"class":72},[50,26101,69],{"class":68},[50,26103,1408],{"class":64},[50,26105,1873],{"class":111},[50,26107,1445],{"class":64},[50,26109,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26111,366],{"class":151},[50,26113,155],{"class":64},[50,26115,1845],{"class":158},[50,26117,838],{"class":64},[50,26119,1370],{"class":158},[50,26121,7908],{"class":64},[20,26123,26124],{},[4465,26125,189],{},[41,26127,26129],{"className":43,"code":26128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,26130,26131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26132,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26134,17714],{"class":158},[50,26136,2182],{"class":64},[50,26138,413],{"class":68},[50,26140,178],{"class":72},[50,26142,413],{"class":68},[50,26144,78],{"class":64},[50,26146,408],{"class":68},[50,26148,1303],{"class":72},[50,26150,413],{"class":68},[50,26152,2210],{"class":64},[20,26154,26155,26156,838],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[335,26157,26158],{"href":17775},[15,26159,17778],{},[1112,26161,26163,26164],{"id":26162},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26165,17714],{},[20,26167,26168],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[41,26170,26172],{"className":43,"code":26171,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26173,26174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26175,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26177,4620],{"class":64},[50,26179,413],{"class":68},[50,26181,178],{"class":72},[50,26183,413],{"class":68},[50,26185,78],{"class":64},[50,26187,408],{"class":68},[50,26189,1303],{"class":72},[50,26191,413],{"class":68},[50,26193,98],{"class":64},[20,26195,26196,26197,26199],{},"But ",[15,26198,17765],{}," returns:",[41,26201,26202],{"className":43,"code":26128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,26203,26204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26205,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26207,17714],{"class":158},[50,26209,2182],{"class":64},[50,26211,413],{"class":68},[50,26213,178],{"class":72},[50,26215,413],{"class":68},[50,26217,78],{"class":64},[50,26219,408],{"class":68},[50,26221,1303],{"class":72},[50,26223,413],{"class":68},[50,26225,2210],{"class":64},[20,26227,26228],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[41,26230,26232],{"className":43,"code":26231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26233,26234,26270,26289,26293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26235,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26237,1818],{"class":56},[50,26239,61],{"class":60},[50,26241,11191],{"class":64},[50,26243,69],{"class":68},[50,26245,178],{"class":72},[50,26247,69],{"class":68},[50,26249,1408],{"class":64},[50,26251,81],{"class":68},[50,26253,73],{"class":72},[50,26255,69],{"class":68},[50,26257,78],{"class":64},[50,26259,81],{"class":68},[50,26261,1303],{"class":72},[50,26263,69],{"class":68},[50,26265,1408],{"class":64},[50,26267,1873],{"class":111},[50,26269,1445],{"class":64},[50,26271,26272,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26273,26274],{"class":56},"key_list ",[50,26276,61],{"class":60},[50,26278,1191],{"class":371},[50,26280,155],{"class":64},[50,26282,1845],{"class":158},[50,26284,838],{"class":64},[50,26286,1370],{"class":158},[50,26288,7908],{"class":64},[50,26290,26291],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,26292,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,26294,26295,26297,26299,26302],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,26296,366],{"class":151},[50,26298,155],{"class":64},[50,26300,26301],{"class":158},"key_list",[50,26303,186],{"class":64},[1112,26305,26307,26308,26310],{"id":26306},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26309,17765],{}," on a list or string",[20,26312,26313,26315],{},[15,26314,17765],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26317,3560],{},[41,26319,26321],{"className":43,"code":26320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26322,26323,26343],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26324,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26326,302],{"class":56},[50,26328,61],{"class":60},[50,26330,65],{"class":64},[50,26332,309],{"class":111},[50,26334,78],{"class":64},[50,26336,314],{"class":111},[50,26338,78],{"class":64},[50,26340,319],{"class":111},[50,26342,98],{"class":64},[50,26344,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26346,366],{"class":151},[50,26348,155],{"class":64},[50,26350,381],{"class":158},[50,26352,838],{"class":64},[50,26354,1370],{"class":158},[50,26356,7908],{"class":64},[20,26358,26359,26360,26363,26364,26366,26367,838],{},"You may get an ",[15,26361,26362],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26365,17765],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[335,26368,26370,26371,26374],{"href":26369},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26372,26373],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1112,26376,26378],{"id":26377},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26380,26381],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[41,26383,26385],{"className":43,"code":26384,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26386,26387,26411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26388,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26390,1818],{"class":56},[50,26392,61],{"class":60},[50,26394,11191],{"class":64},[50,26396,69],{"class":68},[50,26398,178],{"class":72},[50,26400,69],{"class":68},[50,26402,1408],{"class":64},[50,26404,81],{"class":68},[50,26406,73],{"class":72},[50,26408,69],{"class":68},[50,26410,1445],{"class":64},[50,26412,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26414,366],{"class":151},[50,26416,155],{"class":64},[50,26418,1845],{"class":158},[50,26420,838],{"class":64},[50,26422,1370],{"class":25443},[50,26424,186],{"class":64},[20,26426,26427],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26429,19393],{},[41,26431,26433],{"className":43,"code":26432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26434,26435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26436,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26438,366],{"class":151},[50,26440,155],{"class":64},[50,26442,1845],{"class":158},[50,26444,838],{"class":64},[50,26446,1370],{"class":158},[50,26448,7908],{"class":64},[36,26450,3553],{"id":3552},[20,26452,26453,26454,1408],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26455,17765],{},[233,26457,26458,26463,26469,26475],{},[236,26459,2447,26460,26462],{},[15,26461,17765],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[236,26464,26465,26466,26468],{},"Thinking ",[15,26467,17765],{}," returns values too",[236,26470,26471,26472,26474],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26473,17714],{}," like a normal list",[236,26476,26477,26478,26480],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26479,17714],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26482,26483],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[41,26485,26487],{"className":43,"code":26486,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26488,26489,26521,26535,26539,26549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26490,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26492,1818],{"class":56},[50,26494,61],{"class":60},[50,26496,11191],{"class":64},[50,26498,69],{"class":68},[50,26500,335],{"class":72},[50,26502,69],{"class":68},[50,26504,1408],{"class":64},[50,26506,6212],{"class":111},[50,26508,78],{"class":64},[50,26510,81],{"class":68},[50,26512,344],{"class":72},[50,26514,69],{"class":68},[50,26516,1408],{"class":64},[50,26518,314],{"class":111},[50,26520,1445],{"class":64},[50,26522,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26524,1286],{"class":56},[50,26526,61],{"class":60},[50,26528,15268],{"class":56},[50,26530,838],{"class":64},[50,26532,1370],{"class":158},[50,26534,9354],{"class":64},[50,26536,26537],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,26538,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,26540,26541,26543,26545,26547],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,26542,366],{"class":151},[50,26544,155],{"class":64},[50,26546,1370],{"class":158},[50,26548,186],{"class":64},[50,26550,26551],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,26552,26553],{"class":4385},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26555,26556],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[41,26558,26560],{"className":43,"code":26559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26561,26562,26594,26612,26616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26563,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26565,1818],{"class":56},[50,26567,61],{"class":60},[50,26569,11191],{"class":64},[50,26571,69],{"class":68},[50,26573,335],{"class":72},[50,26575,69],{"class":68},[50,26577,1408],{"class":64},[50,26579,6212],{"class":111},[50,26581,78],{"class":64},[50,26583,81],{"class":68},[50,26585,344],{"class":72},[50,26587,69],{"class":68},[50,26589,1408],{"class":64},[50,26591,314],{"class":111},[50,26593,1445],{"class":64},[50,26595,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26597,1286],{"class":56},[50,26599,61],{"class":60},[50,26601,1191],{"class":371},[50,26603,155],{"class":64},[50,26605,1845],{"class":158},[50,26607,838],{"class":64},[50,26609,1370],{"class":158},[50,26611,7908],{"class":64},[50,26613,26614],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,26615,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,26617,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,26619,366],{"class":151},[50,26621,155],{"class":64},[50,26623,1370],{"class":158},[50,26625,4620],{"class":64},[50,26627,2842],{"class":111},[50,26629,2210],{"class":64},[36,26631,26633],{"id":26632},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26635,11815],{},[41,26637,26639],{"className":43,"code":26638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26640,26641,26655,26665,26679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26642,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26644,366],{"class":151},[50,26646,155],{"class":64},[50,26648,3945],{"class":371},[50,26650,155],{"class":64},[50,26652,12152],{"class":158},[50,26654,1077],{"class":64},[50,26656,26657,26659,26661,26663],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26658,366],{"class":151},[50,26660,155],{"class":64},[50,26662,12152],{"class":158},[50,26664,186],{"class":64},[50,26666,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,26668,366],{"class":151},[50,26670,155],{"class":64},[50,26672,12152],{"class":158},[50,26674,838],{"class":64},[50,26676,1370],{"class":158},[50,26678,7908],{"class":64},[50,26680,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,26682,366],{"class":151},[50,26684,155],{"class":64},[50,26686,372],{"class":371},[50,26688,155],{"class":64},[50,26690,12152],{"class":158},[50,26692,838],{"class":64},[50,26694,1370],{"class":158},[50,26696,7003],{"class":64},[20,26698,26699],{},"These help you confirm:",[233,26701,26702,26705,26708,26713],{},[236,26703,26704],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[236,26706,26707],{},"what data it contains",[236,26709,26710,26711,12409],{},"what ",[15,26712,17765],{},[236,26714,26715],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[36,26717,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,26719,24611,26721,2562],{"id":26720},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26722,17765],{},[20,26724,18120,26725,26727],{},[15,26726,17714],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1112,26729,15605,26731,26734],{"id":26730},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26732,26733],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26736,26737,26738,26740,26741,838],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26739,17714],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26742,26743],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1112,26745,26747,26748,2582],{"id":26746},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26749,26733],{},[20,26751,26752,26753,26755],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26754,33],{}," loop.",[1112,26757,26759,26760,26762],{"id":26758},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26761,17765],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26764,26765,26766,26768],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26767,17765],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1112,26770,26772],{"id":26771},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26774,221,26775,838],{},[15,26776,26777],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[36,26779,2610],{"id":2609},[233,26781,26782,26787,26793,26799,26805,26809],{},[236,26783,26784],{},[335,26785,26786],{"href":10092},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[236,26788,26789],{},[335,26790,11438,26791,11442],{"href":17768},[15,26792,17771],{},[236,26794,26795],{},[335,26796,11438,26797,11442],{"href":17775},[15,26798,17778],{},[236,26800,26801],{},[335,26802,26804],{"href":26803},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[236,26806,26807],{},[335,26808,17854],{"href":17853},[236,26810,26811],{},[335,26812,26813,26814,26374],{"href":26369},"How to fix ",[15,26815,26373],{},[2640,26817,26818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":26820},[26821,26822,26824,26825,26826,26827,26828,26830,26839,26840,26841,26852],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":24942,"depth":101,"text":26823},"What keys() does",{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":25632,"depth":101,"text":25633},{"id":25788,"depth":101,"text":26829},"When to use keys()",{"id":26047,"depth":101,"text":26048,"children":26831},[26832,26834,26836,26838],{"id":26056,"depth":127,"text":26833},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26162,"depth":127,"text":26835},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26306,"depth":127,"text":26837},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26377,"depth":127,"text":26378},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":26632,"depth":101,"text":26633},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":26842},[26843,26845,26847,26849,26851],{"id":26720,"depth":127,"text":26844},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26730,"depth":127,"text":26846},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26746,"depth":127,"text":26848},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26758,"depth":127,"text":26850},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26771,"depth":127,"text":26772},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24764,"description":26853},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26859,"title":26860,"body":26861,"description":29133,"extension":2687,"meta":29134,"navigation":130,"path":29135,"seo":29136,"stem":29137,"__hash__":29138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26862,"toc":29086},[26863,26868,26873,26876,26878,27024,27037,27042,27046,27060,27062,27165,27174,27176,27179,27217,27242,27244,27351,27353,27360,27363,27371,27373,27514,27522,27527,27531,27542,27544,27705,27708,27716,27723,27729,27826,27832,27909,27912,27924,27929,27935,27938,27942,28031,28034,28038,28142,28149,28236,28245,28247,28252,28258,28261,28307,28310,28376,28385,28391,28484,28490,28496,28539,28542,28607,28613,28705,28708,28712,28718,28743,28746,28842,28849,28851,28856,28947,28949,28977,28982,28984,28991,28994,28998,29008,29013,29016,29023,29033,29040,29048,29050,29083],[10,26864,12020,26866,12024],{"id":26865},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26867,13466],{},[20,26869,26870,26872],{},[15,26871,13274],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26874,26875],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[36,26877,4331],{"id":4330},[41,26879,26881],{"className":43,"code":26880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26882,26883,26919,26943,26957,26970,26974,26979,27011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26884,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26886,1356],{"class":56},[50,26888,61],{"class":60},[50,26890,11191],{"class":64},[50,26892,69],{"class":68},[50,26894,178],{"class":72},[50,26896,69],{"class":68},[50,26898,1408],{"class":64},[50,26900,81],{"class":68},[50,26902,73],{"class":72},[50,26904,69],{"class":68},[50,26906,78],{"class":64},[50,26908,81],{"class":68},[50,26910,1303],{"class":72},[50,26912,69],{"class":68},[50,26914,1408],{"class":64},[50,26916,1336],{"class":111},[50,26918,1445],{"class":64},[50,26920,26921,26924,26926,26928,26930,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,26922,26923],{"class":56},"removed_age ",[50,26925,61],{"class":60},[50,26927,13950],{"class":56},[50,26929,838],{"class":64},[50,26931,26932],{"class":158},"pop",[50,26934,155],{"class":64},[50,26936,69],{"class":68},[50,26938,1303],{"class":72},[50,26940,69],{"class":68},[50,26942,186],{"class":64},[50,26944,26945,26947,26949,26952,26954],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,26946,366],{"class":151},[50,26948,155],{"class":64},[50,26950,26951],{"class":158},"removed_age",[50,26953,4382],{"class":64},[50,26955,26956],{"class":4385},"   # 25\n",[50,26958,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,26960,366],{"class":151},[50,26962,155],{"class":64},[50,26964,1386],{"class":158},[50,26966,4382],{"class":64},[50,26968,26969],{"class":4385},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[50,26971,26972],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,26973,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,26975,26976],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,26977,26978],{"class":4385},"# Safe version with default value\n",[50,26980,26981,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27007,27009],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,26982,26983],{"class":56},"country ",[50,26985,61],{"class":60},[50,26987,13950],{"class":56},[50,26989,838],{"class":64},[50,26991,26932],{"class":158},[50,26993,155],{"class":64},[50,26995,69],{"class":68},[50,26997,15964],{"class":72},[50,26999,69],{"class":68},[50,27001,78],{"class":64},[50,27003,81],{"class":68},[50,27005,27006],{"class":72},"Not found",[50,27008,69],{"class":68},[50,27010,186],{"class":64},[50,27012,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,27014,366],{"class":151},[50,27016,155],{"class":64},[50,27018,15964],{"class":158},[50,27020,4382],{"class":64},[50,27022,27023],{"class":4385},"       # Not found\n",[20,27025,221,27026,27029,27030,27033,27034,27036],{},[15,27027,27028],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,27031,27032],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,27035,20386],{}," when the key might not exist.",[36,27038,228,27040,231],{"id":27039},"what-dictpop-does",[15,27041,13274],{},[20,27043,27044,1408],{},[15,27045,13274],{},[233,27047,27048,27051,27054,27057],{},[236,27049,27050],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[236,27052,27053],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[236,27055,27056],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[236,27058,27059],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,27061,2931],{},[41,27063,27065],{"className":43,"code":27064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,27066,27067,27107,27111,27134,27138,27152],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27068,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103,27105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27070,12191],{"class":56},[50,27072,61],{"class":60},[50,27074,11191],{"class":64},[50,27076,69],{"class":68},[50,27078,178],{"class":72},[50,27080,69],{"class":68},[50,27082,1408],{"class":64},[50,27084,81],{"class":68},[50,27086,13924],{"class":72},[50,27088,69],{"class":68},[50,27090,78],{"class":64},[50,27092,81],{"class":68},[50,27094,1312],{"class":72},[50,27096,69],{"class":68},[50,27098,1408],{"class":64},[50,27100,81],{"class":68},[50,27102,11116],{"class":72},[50,27104,69],{"class":68},[50,27106,1445],{"class":64},[50,27108,27109],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27110,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27112,27113,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27114,27115],{"class":56},"removed_city ",[50,27117,61],{"class":60},[50,27119,12274],{"class":56},[50,27121,838],{"class":64},[50,27123,26932],{"class":158},[50,27125,155],{"class":64},[50,27127,69],{"class":68},[50,27129,1312],{"class":72},[50,27131,69],{"class":68},[50,27133,186],{"class":64},[50,27135,27136],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27137,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27139,27140,27142,27144,27147,27149],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27141,366],{"class":151},[50,27143,155],{"class":64},[50,27145,27146],{"class":158},"removed_city",[50,27148,4382],{"class":64},[50,27150,27151],{"class":4385},"  # Paris\n",[50,27153,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,27155,366],{"class":151},[50,27157,155],{"class":64},[50,27159,12285],{"class":158},[50,27161,4382],{"class":64},[50,27163,27164],{"class":4385},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27166,21469,27167,27170,27171,838],{},[15,27168,27169],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27172,27173],{},"\"Paris\"",[36,27175,256],{"id":255},[20,27177,27178],{},"There are two common forms:",[41,27180,27182],{"className":43,"code":27181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27183,27184,27198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27185,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27187,12152],{"class":56},[50,27189,838],{"class":64},[50,27191,26932],{"class":158},[50,27193,155],{"class":64},[50,27195,15543],{"class":158},[50,27197,186],{"class":64},[50,27199,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27215],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27201,12152],{"class":56},[50,27203,838],{"class":64},[50,27205,26932],{"class":158},[50,27207,155],{"class":64},[50,27209,15543],{"class":158},[50,27211,78],{"class":64},[50,27213,27214],{"class":158}," default",[50,27216,186],{"class":64},[233,27218,27219,27225,27233,27239],{},[236,27220,27221,27224],{},[15,27222,27223],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[236,27226,27227,27229,27230,27232],{},[15,27228,27223],{}," raises ",[15,27231,20386],{}," if the key is missing",[236,27234,27235,27238],{},[15,27236,27237],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[236,27240,27241],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27243,2931],{},[41,27245,27247],{"className":43,"code":27246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27248,27249,27281,27285,27310,27338],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27252,104],{"class":56},[50,27254,61],{"class":60},[50,27256,11191],{"class":64},[50,27258,69],{"class":68},[50,27260,19115],{"class":72},[50,27262,69],{"class":68},[50,27264,1408],{"class":64},[50,27266,597],{"class":111},[50,27268,78],{"class":64},[50,27270,81],{"class":68},[50,27272,19124],{"class":72},[50,27274,69],{"class":68},[50,27276,1408],{"class":64},[50,27278,117],{"class":111},[50,27280,1445],{"class":64},[50,27282,27283],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27284,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27286,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27288,366],{"class":151},[50,27290,155],{"class":64},[50,27292,1074],{"class":158},[50,27294,838],{"class":64},[50,27296,26932],{"class":158},[50,27298,155],{"class":64},[50,27300,69],{"class":68},[50,27302,19115],{"class":72},[50,27304,69],{"class":68},[50,27306,6075],{"class":64},[50,27308,27309],{"class":4385},"         # 90\n",[50,27311,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27313,366],{"class":151},[50,27315,155],{"class":64},[50,27317,1074],{"class":158},[50,27319,838],{"class":64},[50,27321,26932],{"class":158},[50,27323,155],{"class":64},[50,27325,69],{"class":68},[50,27327,19133],{"class":72},[50,27329,69],{"class":68},[50,27331,78],{"class":64},[50,27333,4556],{"class":111},[50,27335,6075],{"class":64},[50,27337,21466],{"class":4385},[50,27339,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27341,366],{"class":151},[50,27343,155],{"class":64},[50,27345,1074],{"class":158},[50,27347,4382],{"class":64},[50,27349,27350],{"class":4385},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[36,27352,18117],{"id":18116},[20,27354,27355,14755,27357,27359],{},[15,27356,13466],{},[4465,27358,5351],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27361,27362],{},"Instead, it returns:",[233,27364,27365,27368],{},[236,27366,27367],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[236,27369,27370],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27372,2931],{},[41,27374,27376],{"className":43,"code":27375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27377,27378,27410,27414,27437,27469,27473,27487,27501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27379,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27381,1818],{"class":56},[50,27383,61],{"class":60},[50,27385,11191],{"class":64},[50,27387,69],{"class":68},[50,27389,335],{"class":72},[50,27391,69],{"class":68},[50,27393,1408],{"class":64},[50,27395,6717],{"class":111},[50,27397,78],{"class":64},[50,27399,81],{"class":68},[50,27401,344],{"class":72},[50,27403,69],{"class":68},[50,27405,1408],{"class":64},[50,27407,1873],{"class":111},[50,27409,1445],{"class":64},[50,27411,27412],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27413,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27415,27416,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27417,27418],{"class":56},"result1 ",[50,27420,61],{"class":60},[50,27422,15268],{"class":56},[50,27424,838],{"class":64},[50,27426,26932],{"class":158},[50,27428,155],{"class":64},[50,27430,69],{"class":68},[50,27432,335],{"class":72},[50,27434,69],{"class":68},[50,27436,186],{"class":64},[50,27438,27439,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27465,27467],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27440,27441],{"class":56},"result2 ",[50,27443,61],{"class":60},[50,27445,15268],{"class":56},[50,27447,838],{"class":64},[50,27449,26932],{"class":158},[50,27451,155],{"class":64},[50,27453,69],{"class":68},[50,27455,353],{"class":72},[50,27457,69],{"class":68},[50,27459,78],{"class":64},[50,27461,81],{"class":68},[50,27463,27464],{"class":72},"missing",[50,27466,69],{"class":68},[50,27468,186],{"class":64},[50,27470,27471],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27472,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27474,27475,27477,27479,27482,27484],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,27476,366],{"class":151},[50,27478,155],{"class":64},[50,27480,27481],{"class":158},"result1",[50,27483,4382],{"class":64},[50,27485,27486],{"class":4385},"  # 10\n",[50,27488,27489,27491,27493,27496,27498],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,27490,366],{"class":151},[50,27492,155],{"class":64},[50,27494,27495],{"class":158},"result2",[50,27497,4382],{"class":64},[50,27499,27500],{"class":4385},"  # missing\n",[50,27502,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,27504,366],{"class":151},[50,27506,155],{"class":64},[50,27508,1845],{"class":158},[50,27510,4382],{"class":64},[50,27512,27513],{"class":4385},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27515,27516,27517,7344],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[335,27518,27519],{"href":11437},[15,27520,27521],{},"dict.get()",[36,27523,5681,27525],{"id":27524},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27526,13466],{},[20,27528,221,27529,11302],{},[15,27530,13466],{},[233,27532,27533,27536,27539],{},[236,27534,27535],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[236,27537,27538],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[236,27540,27541],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27543,2931],{},[41,27545,27547],{"className":43,"code":27546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27548,27549,27601,27605,27632,27636,27660,27664,27678,27692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27550,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27585,27587,27589,27592,27594,27596,27599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27552,25817],{"class":56},[50,27554,61],{"class":60},[50,27556,11191],{"class":64},[50,27558,69],{"class":68},[50,27560,178],{"class":72},[50,27562,69],{"class":68},[50,27564,1408],{"class":64},[50,27566,81],{"class":68},[50,27568,27569],{"class":72},"Laptop",[50,27571,69],{"class":68},[50,27573,78],{"class":64},[50,27575,81],{"class":68},[50,27577,2097],{"class":72},[50,27579,69],{"class":68},[50,27581,1408],{"class":64},[50,27583,27584],{"class":111}," 1200",[50,27586,78],{"class":64},[50,27588,81],{"class":68},[50,27590,27591],{"class":72},"discount",[50,27593,69],{"class":68},[50,27595,1408],{"class":64},[50,27597,27598],{"class":111}," 200",[50,27600,1445],{"class":64},[50,27602,27603],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27604,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27606,27607,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27608,27609],{"class":56},"discount_amount ",[50,27611,61],{"class":60},[50,27613,2051],{"class":56},[50,27615,838],{"class":64},[50,27617,26932],{"class":158},[50,27619,155],{"class":64},[50,27621,69],{"class":68},[50,27623,27591],{"class":72},[50,27625,69],{"class":68},[50,27627,78],{"class":64},[50,27629,4556],{"class":111},[50,27631,186],{"class":64},[50,27633,27634],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27635,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27637,27638,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27639,27640],{"class":56},"final_price ",[50,27642,61],{"class":60},[50,27644,2051],{"class":56},[50,27646,4620],{"class":64},[50,27648,69],{"class":68},[50,27650,2097],{"class":72},[50,27652,69],{"class":68},[50,27654,13976],{"class":64},[50,27656,2946],{"class":60},[50,27658,27659],{"class":56}," discount_amount\n",[50,27661,27662],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,27663,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27665,27666,27668,27670,27673,27675],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,27667,366],{"class":151},[50,27669,155],{"class":64},[50,27671,27672],{"class":158},"discount_amount",[50,27674,4382],{"class":64},[50,27676,27677],{"class":4385},"  # 200\n",[50,27679,27680,27682,27684,27687,27689],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,27681,366],{"class":151},[50,27683,155],{"class":64},[50,27685,27686],{"class":158},"final_price",[50,27688,4382],{"class":64},[50,27690,27691],{"class":4385},"      # 1000\n",[50,27693,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,27695,366],{"class":151},[50,27697,155],{"class":64},[50,27699,2087],{"class":158},[50,27701,4382],{"class":64},[50,27703,27704],{"class":4385},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27706,27707],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[36,27709,27711,11286,27713],{"id":27710},"pop-vs-del",[15,27712,13466],{},[15,27714,27715],{},"del",[20,27717,11291,27718,827,27720,27722],{},[15,27719,13466],{},[15,27721,27715],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1112,27724,221,27726,27728],{"id":27725},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27727,13466],{}," when you need the removed value",[41,27730,27732],{"className":43,"code":27731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27733,27734,27770,27774,27796,27800,27813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27735,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27737,1356],{"class":56},[50,27739,61],{"class":60},[50,27741,11191],{"class":64},[50,27743,69],{"class":68},[50,27745,178],{"class":72},[50,27747,69],{"class":68},[50,27749,1408],{"class":64},[50,27751,81],{"class":68},[50,27753,73],{"class":72},[50,27755,69],{"class":68},[50,27757,78],{"class":64},[50,27759,81],{"class":68},[50,27761,1303],{"class":72},[50,27763,69],{"class":68},[50,27765,1408],{"class":64},[50,27767,1336],{"class":111},[50,27769,1445],{"class":64},[50,27771,27772],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27773,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27775,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27777,22327],{"class":56},[50,27779,61],{"class":60},[50,27781,13950],{"class":56},[50,27783,838],{"class":64},[50,27785,26932],{"class":158},[50,27787,155],{"class":64},[50,27789,69],{"class":68},[50,27791,1303],{"class":72},[50,27793,69],{"class":68},[50,27795,186],{"class":64},[50,27797,27798],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27799,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27801,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27803,366],{"class":151},[50,27805,155],{"class":64},[50,27807,1303],{"class":158},[50,27809,4382],{"class":64},[50,27811,27812],{"class":4385},"     # 25\n",[50,27814,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,27816,366],{"class":151},[50,27818,155],{"class":64},[50,27820,1386],{"class":158},[50,27822,4382],{"class":64},[50,27824,27825],{"class":4385},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1112,27827,221,27829,27831],{"id":27828},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27830,27715],{}," when you only want deletion",[41,27833,27835],{"className":43,"code":27834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27836,27837,27873,27877,27893,27897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27838,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27840,1356],{"class":56},[50,27842,61],{"class":60},[50,27844,11191],{"class":64},[50,27846,69],{"class":68},[50,27848,178],{"class":72},[50,27850,69],{"class":68},[50,27852,1408],{"class":64},[50,27854,81],{"class":68},[50,27856,73],{"class":72},[50,27858,69],{"class":68},[50,27860,78],{"class":64},[50,27862,81],{"class":68},[50,27864,1303],{"class":72},[50,27866,69],{"class":68},[50,27868,1408],{"class":64},[50,27870,1336],{"class":111},[50,27872,1445],{"class":64},[50,27874,27875],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27876,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27878,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27880,27715],{"class":137},[50,27882,13950],{"class":56},[50,27884,4620],{"class":64},[50,27886,69],{"class":68},[50,27888,1303],{"class":72},[50,27890,69],{"class":68},[50,27892,98],{"class":64},[50,27894,27895],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,27896,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27898,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,27900,366],{"class":151},[50,27902,155],{"class":64},[50,27904,1386],{"class":158},[50,27906,4382],{"class":64},[50,27908,27825],{"class":4385},[20,27910,27911],{},"Difference:",[233,27913,27914,27919],{},[236,27915,27916,27918],{},[15,27917,13466],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[236,27920,27921,27923],{},[15,27922,27715],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27925,27926,27927,838],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[335,27928,13279],{"href":13278},[36,27930,27932,27933],{"id":27931},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27934,20386],{},[20,27936,27937],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1112,27939,27941],{"id":27940},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[41,27943,27945],{"className":43,"code":27944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27946,27947,27972,27976,28002,28006,28018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27948,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27968,27970],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27950,12428],{"class":56},[50,27952,61],{"class":60},[50,27954,11191],{"class":64},[50,27956,69],{"class":68},[50,27958,178],{"class":72},[50,27960,69],{"class":68},[50,27962,1408],{"class":64},[50,27964,81],{"class":68},[50,27966,27967],{"class":72},"Sara",[50,27969,69],{"class":68},[50,27971,1445],{"class":64},[50,27973,27974],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,27975,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,27977,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,27979,3171],{"class":56},[50,27981,61],{"class":60},[50,27983,12470],{"class":56},[50,27985,838],{"class":64},[50,27987,26932],{"class":158},[50,27989,155],{"class":64},[50,27991,69],{"class":68},[50,27993,1303],{"class":72},[50,27995,69],{"class":68},[50,27997,78],{"class":64},[50,27999,4575],{"class":1806},[50,28001,186],{"class":64},[50,28003,28004],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28005,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28007,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28009,366],{"class":151},[50,28011,155],{"class":64},[50,28013,3197],{"class":158},[50,28015,4382],{"class":64},[50,28017,21259],{"class":4385},[50,28019,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,28021,366],{"class":151},[50,28023,155],{"class":64},[50,28025,12152],{"class":158},[50,28027,4382],{"class":64},[50,28029,28030],{"class":4385}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,28032,28033],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1112,28035,28037],{"id":28036},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[41,28039,28041],{"className":43,"code":28040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,28042,28043,28067,28071,28087,28110,28120,28127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28044,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28046,12428],{"class":56},[50,28048,61],{"class":60},[50,28050,11191],{"class":64},[50,28052,69],{"class":68},[50,28054,178],{"class":72},[50,28056,69],{"class":68},[50,28058,1408],{"class":64},[50,28060,81],{"class":68},[50,28062,27967],{"class":72},[50,28064,69],{"class":68},[50,28066,1445],{"class":64},[50,28068,28069],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28070,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28074,7711],{"class":137},[50,28076,81],{"class":68},[50,28078,1303],{"class":72},[50,28080,69],{"class":68},[50,28082,21872],{"class":60},[50,28084,12470],{"class":56},[50,28086,2229],{"class":64},[50,28088,28089,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28090,28091],{"class":56},"    value ",[50,28093,61],{"class":60},[50,28095,12470],{"class":56},[50,28097,838],{"class":64},[50,28099,26932],{"class":158},[50,28101,155],{"class":64},[50,28103,69],{"class":68},[50,28105,1303],{"class":72},[50,28107,69],{"class":68},[50,28109,186],{"class":64},[50,28111,28112,28114,28116,28118],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28113,173],{"class":151},[50,28115,155],{"class":64},[50,28117,3197],{"class":158},[50,28119,186],{"class":64},[50,28121,28122,28125],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,28123,28124],{"class":137},"else",[50,28126,2229],{"class":64},[50,28128,28129,28131,28133,28135,28138,28140],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,28130,173],{"class":151},[50,28132,155],{"class":64},[50,28134,69],{"class":68},[50,28136,28137],{"class":72},"Key not found",[50,28139,69],{"class":68},[50,28141,186],{"class":64},[1112,28143,28145,28146,28148],{"id":28144},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,28147,11441],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[41,28150,28152],{"className":43,"code":28151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28153,28154,28178,28182,28208,28212,28224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28155,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28157,12428],{"class":56},[50,28159,61],{"class":60},[50,28161,11191],{"class":64},[50,28163,69],{"class":68},[50,28165,178],{"class":72},[50,28167,69],{"class":68},[50,28169,1408],{"class":64},[50,28171,81],{"class":68},[50,28173,27967],{"class":72},[50,28175,69],{"class":68},[50,28177,1445],{"class":64},[50,28179,28180],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28181,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28183,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28185,3171],{"class":56},[50,28187,61],{"class":60},[50,28189,12470],{"class":56},[50,28191,838],{"class":64},[50,28193,20449],{"class":158},[50,28195,155],{"class":64},[50,28197,69],{"class":68},[50,28199,1303],{"class":72},[50,28201,69],{"class":68},[50,28203,78],{"class":64},[50,28205,4575],{"class":1806},[50,28207,186],{"class":64},[50,28209,28210],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28211,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28213,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28215,366],{"class":151},[50,28217,155],{"class":64},[50,28219,3197],{"class":158},[50,28221,4382],{"class":64},[50,28223,21259],{"class":4385},[50,28225,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,28227,366],{"class":151},[50,28229,155],{"class":64},[50,28231,12152],{"class":158},[50,28233,4382],{"class":64},[50,28235,28030],{"class":4385},[20,28237,221,28238,28242,28243,838],{},[335,28239,28240],{"href":11437},[15,28241,27521],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[335,28244,11964],{"href":11776},[36,28246,5238],{"id":5237},[20,28248,28249,28250,838],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28251,13274],{},[1112,28253,26465,28255,28257],{"id":28254},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28256,13466],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28259,28260],{},"Lists use indexes:",[41,28262,28264],{"className":43,"code":28263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28265,28266,28286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28267,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28269,302],{"class":56},[50,28271,61],{"class":60},[50,28273,65],{"class":64},[50,28275,1868],{"class":111},[50,28277,78],{"class":64},[50,28279,1873],{"class":111},[50,28281,78],{"class":64},[50,28283,1878],{"class":111},[50,28285,98],{"class":64},[50,28287,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28289,366],{"class":151},[50,28291,155],{"class":64},[50,28293,381],{"class":158},[50,28295,838],{"class":64},[50,28297,26932],{"class":158},[50,28299,155],{"class":64},[50,28301,309],{"class":111},[50,28303,6075],{"class":64},[50,28305,28306],{"class":4385},"  # 20\n",[20,28308,28309],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[41,28311,28313],{"className":43,"code":28312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28314,28315,28351],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28316,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28318,1356],{"class":56},[50,28320,61],{"class":60},[50,28322,11191],{"class":64},[50,28324,69],{"class":68},[50,28326,178],{"class":72},[50,28328,69],{"class":68},[50,28330,1408],{"class":64},[50,28332,81],{"class":68},[50,28334,73],{"class":72},[50,28336,69],{"class":68},[50,28338,78],{"class":64},[50,28340,81],{"class":68},[50,28342,1303],{"class":72},[50,28344,69],{"class":68},[50,28346,1408],{"class":64},[50,28348,1336],{"class":111},[50,28350,1445],{"class":64},[50,28352,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28354,366],{"class":151},[50,28356,155],{"class":64},[50,28358,1386],{"class":158},[50,28360,838],{"class":64},[50,28362,26932],{"class":158},[50,28364,155],{"class":64},[50,28366,69],{"class":68},[50,28368,1303],{"class":72},[50,28370,69],{"class":68},[50,28372,6075],{"class":64},[50,28374,28375],{"class":4385},"  # 25\n",[20,28377,28378,28379,28381,28382,28384],{},"A dictionary does ",[4465,28380,5351],{}," use positions with ",[15,28383,13466],{},". It uses keys.",[1112,28386,5424,28388,28390],{"id":28387},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28389,13466],{}," changes the original dictionary",[41,28392,28394],{"className":43,"code":28393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28395,28396,28428,28432,28454,28458,28471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28397,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28399,1818],{"class":56},[50,28401,61],{"class":60},[50,28403,11191],{"class":64},[50,28405,69],{"class":68},[50,28407,2896],{"class":72},[50,28409,69],{"class":68},[50,28411,1408],{"class":64},[50,28413,6212],{"class":111},[50,28415,78],{"class":64},[50,28417,81],{"class":68},[50,28419,12449],{"class":72},[50,28421,69],{"class":68},[50,28423,1408],{"class":64},[50,28425,314],{"class":111},[50,28427,1445],{"class":64},[50,28429,28430],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28431,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28433,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28435,3171],{"class":56},[50,28437,61],{"class":60},[50,28439,15268],{"class":56},[50,28441,838],{"class":64},[50,28443,26932],{"class":158},[50,28445,155],{"class":64},[50,28447,69],{"class":68},[50,28449,2896],{"class":72},[50,28451,69],{"class":68},[50,28453,186],{"class":64},[50,28455,28456],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28457,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28459,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28461,366],{"class":151},[50,28463,155],{"class":64},[50,28465,3197],{"class":158},[50,28467,4382],{"class":64},[50,28469,28470],{"class":4385},"  # 1\n",[50,28472,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,28474,366],{"class":151},[50,28476,155],{"class":64},[50,28478,1845],{"class":158},[50,28480,4382],{"class":64},[50,28482,28483],{"class":4385},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28485,28486,28487,28489],{},"After ",[15,28488,13466],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1112,28491,2447,28493,28495],{"id":28492},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28494,13466],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[41,28497,28499],{"className":43,"code":28498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28500,28501,28525,28529,28534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28502,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28504,1818],{"class":56},[50,28506,61],{"class":60},[50,28508,11191],{"class":64},[50,28510,69],{"class":68},[50,28512,178],{"class":72},[50,28514,69],{"class":68},[50,28516,1408],{"class":64},[50,28518,81],{"class":68},[50,28520,8634],{"class":72},[50,28522,69],{"class":68},[50,28524,1445],{"class":64},[50,28526,28527],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28528,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28530,28531],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28532,28533],{"class":4385},"# This causes an error\n",[50,28535,28536],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28537,28538],{"class":4385},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28540,28541],{},"Safer version:",[41,28543,28545],{"className":43,"code":28544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28546,28547,28571,28575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28548,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28550,1818],{"class":56},[50,28552,61],{"class":60},[50,28554,11191],{"class":64},[50,28556,69],{"class":68},[50,28558,178],{"class":72},[50,28560,69],{"class":68},[50,28562,1408],{"class":64},[50,28564,81],{"class":68},[50,28566,8634],{"class":72},[50,28568,69],{"class":68},[50,28570,1445],{"class":64},[50,28572,28573],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28574,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28576,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28578,366],{"class":151},[50,28580,155],{"class":64},[50,28582,1845],{"class":158},[50,28584,838],{"class":64},[50,28586,26932],{"class":158},[50,28588,155],{"class":64},[50,28590,69],{"class":68},[50,28592,1303],{"class":72},[50,28594,69],{"class":68},[50,28596,78],{"class":64},[50,28598,81],{"class":68},[50,28600,27464],{"class":72},[50,28602,69],{"class":68},[50,28604,6075],{"class":64},[50,28606,27500],{"class":4385},[1112,28608,2120,28610,28612],{"id":28609},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28611,13466],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[41,28614,28616],{"className":43,"code":28615,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28617,28618,28650,28654,28676,28680,28692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28619,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28621,1818],{"class":56},[50,28623,61],{"class":60},[50,28625,11191],{"class":64},[50,28627,69],{"class":68},[50,28629,335],{"class":72},[50,28631,69],{"class":68},[50,28633,1408],{"class":64},[50,28635,6212],{"class":111},[50,28637,78],{"class":64},[50,28639,81],{"class":68},[50,28641,344],{"class":72},[50,28643,69],{"class":68},[50,28645,1408],{"class":64},[50,28647,314],{"class":111},[50,28649,1445],{"class":64},[50,28651,28652],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28653,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28655,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28657,2954],{"class":56},[50,28659,61],{"class":60},[50,28661,15268],{"class":56},[50,28663,838],{"class":64},[50,28665,26932],{"class":158},[50,28667,155],{"class":64},[50,28669,69],{"class":68},[50,28671,335],{"class":72},[50,28673,69],{"class":68},[50,28675,186],{"class":64},[50,28677,28678],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28679,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28681,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28683,366],{"class":151},[50,28685,155],{"class":64},[50,28687,2989],{"class":158},[50,28689,4382],{"class":64},[50,28691,28470],{"class":4385},[50,28693,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,28695,366],{"class":151},[50,28697,155],{"class":64},[50,28699,1845],{"class":158},[50,28701,4382],{"class":64},[50,28703,28704],{"class":4385},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28706,28707],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[36,28709,28711],{"id":28710},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28713,28714,28715,28717],{},"Problems with ",[15,28716,13274],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[233,28719,28720,28723,28732,28735],{},[236,28721,28722],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[236,28724,28725,28726,28729,28730],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28727,28728],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28731,27028],{},[236,28733,28734],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[236,28736,28737,28738,11794,28740],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28739,309],{},[15,28741,28742],{},"\"1\"",[20,28744,28745],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[41,28747,28749],{"className":43,"code":28748,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28750,28751,28775,28779,28809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28752,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28754,1818],{"class":56},[50,28756,61],{"class":60},[50,28758,11191],{"class":64},[50,28760,69],{"class":68},[50,28762,309],{"class":72},[50,28764,69],{"class":68},[50,28766,1408],{"class":64},[50,28768,81],{"class":68},[50,28770,7298],{"class":72},[50,28772,69],{"class":68},[50,28774,1445],{"class":64},[50,28776,28777],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28778,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,28780,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28802,28804,28806],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28782,366],{"class":151},[50,28784,155],{"class":64},[50,28786,1845],{"class":158},[50,28788,838],{"class":64},[50,28790,26932],{"class":158},[50,28792,155],{"class":64},[50,28794,309],{"class":111},[50,28796,78],{"class":64},[50,28798,81],{"class":68},[50,28800,28801],{"class":72},"not found",[50,28803,69],{"class":68},[50,28805,6075],{"class":64},[50,28807,28808],{"class":4385},"    # not found\n",[50,28810,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28812,366],{"class":151},[50,28814,155],{"class":64},[50,28816,1845],{"class":158},[50,28818,838],{"class":64},[50,28820,26932],{"class":158},[50,28822,155],{"class":64},[50,28824,69],{"class":68},[50,28826,309],{"class":72},[50,28828,69],{"class":68},[50,28830,78],{"class":64},[50,28832,81],{"class":68},[50,28834,28801],{"class":72},[50,28836,69],{"class":68},[50,28838,6075],{"class":64},[50,28840,28841],{"class":4385},"  # one\n",[20,28843,28844,827,28846,28848],{},[15,28845,309],{},[15,28847,28742],{}," are different keys.",[36,28850,9584],{"id":9583},[20,28852,9587,28853,28855],{},[15,28854,13466],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,28857,28859],{"className":43,"code":28858,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28860,28861,28871,28885,28903,28933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28862,28863,28865,28867,28869],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28864,366],{"class":151},[50,28866,155],{"class":64},[50,28868,12152],{"class":158},[50,28870,186],{"class":64},[50,28872,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,28874,366],{"class":151},[50,28876,155],{"class":64},[50,28878,12152],{"class":158},[50,28880,838],{"class":64},[50,28882,1370],{"class":158},[50,28884,7908],{"class":64},[50,28886,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,28888,366],{"class":151},[50,28890,155],{"class":64},[50,28892,413],{"class":68},[50,28894,178],{"class":72},[50,28896,413],{"class":68},[50,28898,21872],{"class":137},[50,28900,12470],{"class":158},[50,28902,186],{"class":64},[50,28904,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,28906,366],{"class":151},[50,28908,155],{"class":64},[50,28910,12152],{"class":158},[50,28912,838],{"class":64},[50,28914,26932],{"class":158},[50,28916,155],{"class":64},[50,28918,413],{"class":68},[50,28920,178],{"class":72},[50,28922,413],{"class":68},[50,28924,78],{"class":64},[50,28926,408],{"class":68},[50,28928,27464],{"class":72},[50,28930,413],{"class":68},[50,28932,1077],{"class":64},[50,28934,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,28936,366],{"class":151},[50,28938,155],{"class":64},[50,28940,3945],{"class":371},[50,28942,155],{"class":64},[50,28944,12152],{"class":158},[50,28946,1077],{"class":64},[20,28948,22035],{},[233,28950,28951,28956,28961,28966,28972],{},[236,28952,28953,28955],{},[15,28954,13383],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[236,28957,28958,28960],{},[15,28959,22047],{}," shows all available keys",[236,28962,28963,28965],{},[15,28964,22053],{}," checks whether a key exists",[236,28967,28968,28971],{},[15,28969,28970],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[236,28973,28974,28976],{},[15,28975,13389],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28978,28979,28980,838],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[335,28981,10093],{"href":10092},[36,28983,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,28985,28987,28988,28990],{"id":28986},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28989,13466],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28992,28993],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1112,28995,28997],{"id":28996},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28999,29000,27229,29002,29004,29005,29007],{},[15,29001,27028],{},[15,29003,20386],{},". ",[15,29006,27032],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1112,29009,2569,29011,15598],{"id":29010},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29012,13466],{},[20,29014,29015],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1112,29017,29019,29020,29022],{"id":29018},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,29021,13466],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,29024,29025,29026,29028,29029,838],{},"Not with ",[15,29027,13274],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[335,29030,29031],{"href":13285},[15,29032,13473],{},[1112,29034,5893,29036,827,29038,2582],{"id":29035},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,29037,11441],{},[15,29039,13466],{},[20,29041,29042,29044,29045,29047],{},[15,29043,11441],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,29046,13466],{}," reads and removes it.",[36,29049,2610],{"id":2609},[233,29051,29052,29058,29065,29069,29073,29077],{},[236,29053,29054],{},[335,29055,29056],{"href":11437},[15,29057,20367],{},[236,29059,29060],{},[335,29061,29062],{"href":13285},[15,29063,29064],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[236,29066,29067],{},[335,29068,13490],{"href":13278},[236,29070,29071],{},[335,29072,22156],{"href":17297},[236,29074,29075],{},[335,29076,11964],{"href":11776},[236,29078,29079],{},[335,29080,29082],{"href":29081},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2640,29084,29085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":29087},[29088,29089,29091,29092,29093,29095,29102,29109,29119,29120,29121,29132],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":27039,"depth":101,"text":29090},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":27524,"depth":101,"text":29094},"When to use pop()",{"id":27710,"depth":101,"text":29096,"children":29097},"pop() vs del",[29098,29100],{"id":27725,"depth":127,"text":29099},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27828,"depth":127,"text":29101},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27931,"depth":101,"text":29103,"children":29104},"How to avoid KeyError",[29105,29106,29107],{"id":27940,"depth":127,"text":27941},{"id":28036,"depth":127,"text":28037},{"id":28144,"depth":127,"text":29108},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":29110},[29111,29113,29115,29117],{"id":28254,"depth":127,"text":29112},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28387,"depth":127,"text":29114},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28492,"depth":127,"text":29116},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28609,"depth":127,"text":29118},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28710,"depth":101,"text":28711},{"id":9583,"depth":101,"text":9584},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":29122},[29123,29125,29126,29128,29130],{"id":28986,"depth":127,"text":29124},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28996,"depth":127,"text":28997},{"id":29010,"depth":127,"text":29127},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29018,"depth":127,"text":29129},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":29035,"depth":127,"text":29131},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26860,"description":29133},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29140,"title":29064,"body":29141,"description":31079,"extension":2687,"meta":31080,"navigation":130,"path":31081,"seo":31082,"stem":31083,"__hash__":31084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29142,"toc":31043},[29143,29148,29153,29156,29164,29174,29176,29265,29269,29318,29323,29328,29332,29348,29351,29353,29368,29370,29386,29393,29397,29403,29412,29414,29483,29487,29508,29511,29530,29533,29556,29558,29561,29675,29679,29738,29745,29749,29754,29879,29883,29933,29936,29940,29947,29949,30012,30016,30037,30040,30049,30064,30072,30079,30083,30095,30099,30110,30112,30258,30262,30321,30328,30333,30337,30343,30366,30371,30390,30394,30465,30472,30545,30554,30559,30564,30575,30578,30715,30720,30752,30757,30759,30763,30823,30826,30883,30886,30929,30931,30936,30942,30948,30951,30958,30966,30971,30974,30981,30989,30991,31040],[10,29144,12020,29146,12024],{"id":29145},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,29147,13473],{},[20,29149,2704,29150,29152],{},[15,29151,13473],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,29154,29155],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[233,29157,29158,29161],{},[236,29159,29160],{},"remove an item",[236,29162,29163],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29165,29166,29167,29169,29170,29173],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29168,13473],{}," removes the ",[4465,29171,29172],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[36,29175,39],{"id":38},[41,29177,29179],{"className":43,"code":29178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29180,29181,29225,29241,29245,29255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29182,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29184,1818],{"class":56},[50,29186,61],{"class":60},[50,29188,11191],{"class":64},[50,29190,69],{"class":68},[50,29192,335],{"class":72},[50,29194,69],{"class":68},[50,29196,1408],{"class":64},[50,29198,6212],{"class":111},[50,29200,78],{"class":64},[50,29202,81],{"class":68},[50,29204,344],{"class":72},[50,29206,69],{"class":68},[50,29208,1408],{"class":64},[50,29210,314],{"class":111},[50,29212,78],{"class":64},[50,29214,81],{"class":68},[50,29216,353],{"class":72},[50,29218,69],{"class":68},[50,29220,1408],{"class":64},[50,29222,319],{"class":111},[50,29224,1445],{"class":64},[50,29226,29227,29230,29232,29234,29236,29239],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29228,29229],{"class":56},"item ",[50,29231,61],{"class":60},[50,29233,15268],{"class":56},[50,29235,838],{"class":64},[50,29237,29238],{"class":158},"popitem",[50,29240,9354],{"class":64},[50,29242,29243],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,29244,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29246,29247,29249,29251,29253],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,29248,366],{"class":151},[50,29250,155],{"class":64},[50,29252,2238],{"class":158},[50,29254,186],{"class":64},[50,29256,29257,29259,29261,29263],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,29258,366],{"class":151},[50,29260,155],{"class":64},[50,29262,1845],{"class":158},[50,29264,186],{"class":64},[20,29266,29267],{},[4465,29268,189],{},[41,29270,29272],{"className":43,"code":29271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29273,29274,29290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29275,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286,29288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29277,155],{"class":64},[50,29279,413],{"class":68},[50,29281,353],{"class":72},[50,29283,413],{"class":68},[50,29285,78],{"class":64},[50,29287,319],{"class":111},[50,29289,186],{"class":64},[50,29291,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29293,758],{"class":64},[50,29295,413],{"class":68},[50,29297,335],{"class":72},[50,29299,413],{"class":68},[50,29301,1408],{"class":64},[50,29303,6212],{"class":111},[50,29305,78],{"class":64},[50,29307,408],{"class":68},[50,29309,344],{"class":72},[50,29311,413],{"class":68},[50,29313,1408],{"class":64},[50,29315,314],{"class":111},[50,29317,1445],{"class":64},[20,29319,29320,29322],{},[15,29321,13473],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[36,29324,228,29326,231],{"id":29325},"what-popitem-does",[15,29327,13473],{},[20,29329,29330,1408],{},[15,29331,13473],{},[233,29333,29334,29337,29342,29345],{},[236,29335,29336],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[236,29338,29339,29340],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29341,22354],{},[236,29343,29344],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[236,29346,29347],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29349,29350],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[36,29352,256],{"id":255},[41,29354,29356],{"className":43,"code":29355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29357,29358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29359,29360,29362,29364,29366],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29361,16307],{"class":56},[50,29363,838],{"class":64},[50,29365,29238],{"class":158},[50,29367,9354],{"class":64},[20,29369,12161],{},[233,29371,29372,29380,29383],{},[236,29373,29374,29376,29377],{},[15,29375,13473],{}," takes ",[4465,29378,29379],{},"no arguments",[236,29381,29382],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[236,29384,29385],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29387,29388,29389,7344],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[335,29390,29391],{"href":13271},[15,29392,13466],{},[36,29394,29396],{"id":29395},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29398,29399,29400,29402],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29401,13473],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29404,29405,29406,29409],"ol",{},[236,29407,29408],{},"the key",[236,29410,29411],{},"the value",[20,29413,2931],{},[41,29415,29417],{"className":43,"code":29416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29418,29419,29455,29469,29473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29420,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29422,1356],{"class":56},[50,29424,61],{"class":60},[50,29426,11191],{"class":64},[50,29428,69],{"class":68},[50,29430,178],{"class":72},[50,29432,69],{"class":68},[50,29434,1408],{"class":64},[50,29436,81],{"class":68},[50,29438,5723],{"class":72},[50,29440,69],{"class":68},[50,29442,78],{"class":64},[50,29444,81],{"class":68},[50,29446,1303],{"class":72},[50,29448,69],{"class":68},[50,29450,1408],{"class":64},[50,29452,1336],{"class":111},[50,29454,1445],{"class":64},[50,29456,29457,29459,29461,29463,29465,29467],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29458,2954],{"class":56},[50,29460,61],{"class":60},[50,29462,13950],{"class":56},[50,29464,838],{"class":64},[50,29466,29238],{"class":158},[50,29468,9354],{"class":64},[50,29470,29471],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,29472,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29474,29475,29477,29479,29481],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,29476,366],{"class":151},[50,29478,155],{"class":64},[50,29480,2989],{"class":158},[50,29482,186],{"class":64},[20,29484,29485],{},[4465,29486,189],{},[41,29488,29490],{"className":43,"code":29489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29491,29492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29493,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29495,155],{"class":64},[50,29497,413],{"class":68},[50,29499,1303],{"class":72},[50,29501,413],{"class":68},[50,29503,78],{"class":64},[50,29505,1336],{"class":111},[50,29507,186],{"class":64},[20,29509,29510],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[41,29512,29514],{"className":43,"code":29513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29515,29516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29517,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29519,2954],{"class":56},[50,29521,61],{"class":60},[50,29523,13950],{"class":56},[50,29525,838],{"class":64},[50,29527,29238],{"class":158},[50,29529,9354],{"class":64},[20,29531,29532],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[41,29534,29536],{"className":43,"code":29535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29537,29538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29539,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29541,15543],{"class":56},[50,29543,78],{"class":64},[50,29545,22283],{"class":56},[50,29547,61],{"class":60},[50,29549,13950],{"class":56},[50,29551,838],{"class":64},[50,29553,29238],{"class":158},[50,29555,9354],{"class":64},[36,29557,12178],{"id":12177},[20,29559,29560],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[41,29562,29564],{"className":43,"code":29563,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29565,29566,29613,29617,29632,29636,29656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29567,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29598,29600,29602,29605,29607,29609,29611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29569,104],{"class":56},[50,29571,61],{"class":60},[50,29573,11191],{"class":64},[50,29575,69],{"class":68},[50,29577,29578],{"class":72},"Tom",[50,29580,69],{"class":68},[50,29582,1408],{"class":64},[50,29584,5793],{"class":111},[50,29586,78],{"class":64},[50,29588,81],{"class":68},[50,29590,73],{"class":72},[50,29592,69],{"class":68},[50,29594,1408],{"class":64},[50,29596,29597],{"class":111}," 95",[50,29599,78],{"class":64},[50,29601,81],{"class":68},[50,29603,29604],{"class":72},"Leo",[50,29606,69],{"class":68},[50,29608,1408],{"class":64},[50,29610,122],{"class":111},[50,29612,1445],{"class":64},[50,29614,29615],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29616,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29618,29619,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,29620,29621],{"class":56},"removed_pair ",[50,29623,61],{"class":60},[50,29625,164],{"class":56},[50,29627,838],{"class":64},[50,29629,29238],{"class":158},[50,29631,9354],{"class":64},[50,29633,29634],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,29635,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29637,29638,29640,29642,29644,29647,29649,29651,29654],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,29639,366],{"class":151},[50,29641,155],{"class":64},[50,29643,69],{"class":68},[50,29645,29646],{"class":72},"Removed:",[50,29648,69],{"class":68},[50,29650,78],{"class":64},[50,29652,29653],{"class":158}," removed_pair",[50,29655,186],{"class":64},[50,29657,29658,29660,29662,29664,29667,29669,29671,29673],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,29659,366],{"class":151},[50,29661,155],{"class":64},[50,29663,69],{"class":68},[50,29665,29666],{"class":72},"After removal:",[50,29668,69],{"class":68},[50,29670,78],{"class":64},[50,29672,164],{"class":158},[50,29674,186],{"class":64},[20,29676,29677],{},[4465,29678,189],{},[41,29680,29682],{"className":43,"code":29681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29683,29684,29705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29685,29686,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29687,29688],{"class":56},"Removed",[50,29690,1408],{"class":64},[50,29692,419],{"class":64},[50,29694,413],{"class":68},[50,29696,29604],{"class":72},[50,29698,413],{"class":68},[50,29700,78],{"class":64},[50,29702,122],{"class":111},[50,29704,186],{"class":64},[50,29706,29707,29710,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29708,29709],{"class":56},"After removal",[50,29711,1408],{"class":64},[50,29713,11191],{"class":64},[50,29715,413],{"class":68},[50,29717,29578],{"class":72},[50,29719,413],{"class":68},[50,29721,1408],{"class":64},[50,29723,5793],{"class":111},[50,29725,78],{"class":64},[50,29727,408],{"class":68},[50,29729,73],{"class":72},[50,29731,413],{"class":68},[50,29733,1408],{"class":64},[50,29735,29597],{"class":111},[50,29737,1445],{"class":64},[20,29739,29740,29741,29744],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29742,29743],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[36,29746,29748],{"id":29747},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29750,1107,29751,29753],{},[15,29752,13473],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[41,29755,29757],{"className":43,"code":29756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29758,29759,29795,29799,29818,29822,29841,29860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29760,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29762,16150],{"class":56},[50,29764,61],{"class":60},[50,29766,11191],{"class":64},[50,29768,69],{"class":68},[50,29770,16161],{"class":72},[50,29772,69],{"class":68},[50,29774,1408],{"class":64},[50,29776,81],{"class":68},[50,29778,16170],{"class":72},[50,29780,69],{"class":68},[50,29782,78],{"class":64},[50,29784,81],{"class":68},[50,29786,16181],{"class":72},[50,29788,69],{"class":68},[50,29790,1408],{"class":64},[50,29792,27598],{"class":111},[50,29794,1445],{"class":64},[50,29796,29797],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29798,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29800,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29812,29814,29816],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,29802,15543],{"class":56},[50,29804,78],{"class":64},[50,29806,22283],{"class":56},[50,29808,61],{"class":60},[50,29810,29811],{"class":56}," book",[50,29813,838],{"class":64},[50,29815,29238],{"class":158},[50,29817,9354],{"class":64},[50,29819,29820],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,29821,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,29823,29824,29826,29828,29830,29833,29835,29837,29839],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,29825,366],{"class":151},[50,29827,155],{"class":64},[50,29829,69],{"class":68},[50,29831,29832],{"class":72},"Key:",[50,29834,69],{"class":68},[50,29836,78],{"class":64},[50,29838,22278],{"class":158},[50,29840,186],{"class":64},[50,29842,29843,29845,29847,29849,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,29844,366],{"class":151},[50,29846,155],{"class":64},[50,29848,69],{"class":68},[50,29850,29851],{"class":72},"Value:",[50,29853,69],{"class":68},[50,29855,78],{"class":64},[50,29857,9144],{"class":158},[50,29859,186],{"class":64},[50,29861,29862,29864,29866,29868,29871,29873,29875,29877],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,29863,366],{"class":151},[50,29865,155],{"class":64},[50,29867,69],{"class":68},[50,29869,29870],{"class":72},"Dictionary:",[50,29872,69],{"class":68},[50,29874,78],{"class":64},[50,29876,29811],{"class":158},[50,29878,186],{"class":64},[20,29880,29881],{},[4465,29882,189],{},[41,29884,29886],{"className":43,"code":29885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29887,29888,29898,29908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29889,29890,29893,29895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29891,29892],{"class":56},"Key",[50,29894,1408],{"class":64},[50,29896,29897],{"class":56}," pages\n",[50,29899,29900,29903,29905],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,29901,29902],{"class":56},"Value",[50,29904,1408],{"class":64},[50,29906,29907],{"class":111}," 200\n",[50,29909,29910,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927,29929,29931],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,29911,29912],{"class":56},"Dictionary",[50,29914,1408],{"class":64},[50,29916,11191],{"class":64},[50,29918,413],{"class":68},[50,29920,16161],{"class":72},[50,29922,413],{"class":68},[50,29924,1408],{"class":64},[50,29926,408],{"class":68},[50,29928,16170],{"class":72},[50,29930,413],{"class":68},[50,29932,1445],{"class":64},[20,29934,29935],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[36,29937,29939],{"id":29938},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29941,29942,29943,29169,29945,838],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29944,13473],{},[4465,29946,29172],{},[20,29948,2931],{},[41,29950,29952],{"className":43,"code":29951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29953,29954,29998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29955,29956,29958,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29992,29994,29996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29957,1818],{"class":56},[50,29959,61],{"class":60},[50,29961,11191],{"class":64},[50,29963,69],{"class":68},[50,29965,2896],{"class":72},[50,29967,69],{"class":68},[50,29969,1408],{"class":64},[50,29971,6212],{"class":111},[50,29973,78],{"class":64},[50,29975,81],{"class":68},[50,29977,12449],{"class":72},[50,29979,69],{"class":68},[50,29981,1408],{"class":64},[50,29983,314],{"class":111},[50,29985,78],{"class":64},[50,29987,81],{"class":68},[50,29989,22775],{"class":72},[50,29991,69],{"class":68},[50,29993,1408],{"class":64},[50,29995,319],{"class":111},[50,29997,1445],{"class":64},[50,29999,30000,30002,30004,30006,30008,30010],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30001,366],{"class":151},[50,30003,155],{"class":64},[50,30005,1845],{"class":158},[50,30007,838],{"class":64},[50,30009,29238],{"class":158},[50,30011,7908],{"class":64},[20,30013,30014],{},[4465,30015,189],{},[41,30017,30019],{"className":43,"code":30018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('z', 3)\n",[15,30020,30021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30022,30023,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30024,155],{"class":64},[50,30026,413],{"class":68},[50,30028,22775],{"class":72},[50,30030,413],{"class":68},[50,30032,78],{"class":64},[50,30034,319],{"class":111},[50,30036,186],{"class":64},[20,30038,30039],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,30041,30042,30043,30045,30046,30048],{},"As a beginner, do ",[4465,30044,5351],{}," think of ",[15,30047,13473],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,30050,30051,30052,2912,30056,17772,30060,838],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[335,30053,30054],{"href":17775},[15,30055,17778],{},[335,30057,30058],{"href":17762},[15,30059,17765],{},[335,30061,30062],{"href":17768},[15,30063,17771],{},[36,30065,30067,30068,827,30070],{"id":30066},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,30069,13473],{},[15,30071,13466],{},[20,30073,30074,827,30076,30078],{},[15,30075,13473],{},[15,30077,13466],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1112,30080,30081],{"id":29238},[15,30082,13473],{},[233,30084,30085,30088,30091],{},[236,30086,30087],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[236,30089,30090],{},"does not need a key argument",[236,30092,4413,30093],{},[15,30094,22354],{},[1112,30096,30097],{"id":26932},[15,30098,13466],{},[233,30100,30101,30104,30107],{},[236,30102,30103],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[236,30105,30106],{},"needs the key name",[236,30108,30109],{},"returns only the value",[20,30111,2931],{},[41,30113,30115],{"className":43,"code":30114,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,30116,30117,30161,30165,30179,30199,30203,30225,30244,30248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30118,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30120,1818],{"class":56},[50,30122,61],{"class":60},[50,30124,11191],{"class":64},[50,30126,69],{"class":68},[50,30128,335],{"class":72},[50,30130,69],{"class":68},[50,30132,1408],{"class":64},[50,30134,6212],{"class":111},[50,30136,78],{"class":64},[50,30138,81],{"class":68},[50,30140,344],{"class":72},[50,30142,69],{"class":68},[50,30144,1408],{"class":64},[50,30146,314],{"class":111},[50,30148,78],{"class":64},[50,30150,81],{"class":68},[50,30152,353],{"class":72},[50,30154,69],{"class":68},[50,30156,1408],{"class":64},[50,30158,319],{"class":111},[50,30160,1445],{"class":64},[50,30162,30163],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30164,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30166,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30168,29229],{"class":56},[50,30170,61],{"class":60},[50,30172,15268],{"class":56},[50,30174,838],{"class":64},[50,30176,29238],{"class":158},[50,30178,9354],{"class":64},[50,30180,30181,30183,30185,30187,30190,30192,30194,30197],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,30182,366],{"class":151},[50,30184,155],{"class":64},[50,30186,69],{"class":68},[50,30188,30189],{"class":72},"popitem():",[50,30191,69],{"class":68},[50,30193,78],{"class":64},[50,30195,30196],{"class":158}," item",[50,30198,186],{"class":64},[50,30200,30201],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,30202,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30204,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,30206,3171],{"class":56},[50,30208,61],{"class":60},[50,30210,15268],{"class":56},[50,30212,838],{"class":64},[50,30214,26932],{"class":158},[50,30216,155],{"class":64},[50,30218,69],{"class":68},[50,30220,335],{"class":72},[50,30222,69],{"class":68},[50,30224,186],{"class":64},[50,30226,30227,30229,30231,30233,30236,30238,30240,30242],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,30228,366],{"class":151},[50,30230,155],{"class":64},[50,30232,69],{"class":68},[50,30234,30235],{"class":72},"pop('a'):",[50,30237,69],{"class":68},[50,30239,78],{"class":64},[50,30241,9144],{"class":158},[50,30243,186],{"class":64},[50,30245,30246],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,30247,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30249,30250,30252,30254,30256],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,30251,366],{"class":151},[50,30253,155],{"class":64},[50,30255,1845],{"class":158},[50,30257,186],{"class":64},[20,30259,30260],{},[4465,30261,189],{},[41,30263,30265],{"className":43,"code":30264,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30266,30267,30288,30305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30268,30269,30271,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30270,29238],{"class":158},[50,30272,30273],{"class":64},"():",[50,30275,419],{"class":64},[50,30277,413],{"class":68},[50,30279,353],{"class":72},[50,30281,413],{"class":68},[50,30283,78],{"class":64},[50,30285,319],{"class":111},[50,30287,186],{"class":64},[50,30289,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30291,26932],{"class":158},[50,30293,155],{"class":64},[50,30295,413],{"class":68},[50,30297,335],{"class":72},[50,30299,413],{"class":68},[50,30301,17152],{"class":64},[50,30303,30304],{"class":111}," 1\n",[50,30306,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30308,758],{"class":64},[50,30310,413],{"class":68},[50,30312,344],{"class":72},[50,30314,413],{"class":68},[50,30316,1408],{"class":64},[50,30318,314],{"class":111},[50,30320,1445],{"class":64},[20,30322,221,30323,30327],{},[335,30324,30325],{"href":13271},[15,30326,13466],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30329,221,30330,30332],{},[15,30331,13473],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[36,30334,30336],{"id":30335},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30338,30339,30340,30342],{},"Calling ",[15,30341,13473],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[41,30344,30346],{"className":43,"code":30345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30347,30348,30356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30349,30350,30352,30354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30351,1818],{"class":56},[50,30353,61],{"class":60},[50,30355,10539],{"class":64},[50,30357,30358,30360,30362,30364],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30359,1845],{"class":56},[50,30361,838],{"class":64},[50,30363,29238],{"class":158},[50,30365,9354],{"class":64},[20,30367,30368],{},[4465,30369,30370],{},"Error:",[41,30372,30374],{"className":43,"code":30373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30375,30376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30377,30378,30380,30382,30384,30387],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30379,20386],{"class":371},[50,30381,1408],{"class":64},[50,30383,408],{"class":68},[50,30385,30386],{"class":72},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[50,30388,30389],{"class":68},"'\n",[1112,30391,30393],{"id":30392},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[41,30395,30397],{"className":43,"code":30396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30398,30399,30407,30411,30419,30434,30444,30450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30400,30401,30403,30405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30402,1818],{"class":56},[50,30404,61],{"class":60},[50,30406,10539],{"class":64},[50,30408,30409],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30410,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30412,30413,30415,30417],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30414,7711],{"class":137},[50,30416,15268],{"class":56},[50,30418,2229],{"class":64},[50,30420,30421,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,30422,30423],{"class":56},"    item ",[50,30425,61],{"class":60},[50,30427,15268],{"class":56},[50,30429,838],{"class":64},[50,30431,29238],{"class":158},[50,30433,9354],{"class":64},[50,30435,30436,30438,30440,30442],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,30437,173],{"class":151},[50,30439,155],{"class":64},[50,30441,2238],{"class":158},[50,30443,186],{"class":64},[50,30445,30446,30448],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,30447,28124],{"class":137},[50,30449,2229],{"class":64},[50,30451,30452,30454,30456,30458,30461,30463],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,30453,173],{"class":151},[50,30455,155],{"class":64},[50,30457,69],{"class":68},[50,30459,30460],{"class":72},"Dictionary is empty",[50,30462,69],{"class":68},[50,30464,186],{"class":64},[1112,30466,30468,30469],{"id":30467},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30470,30471],{},"try-except",[41,30473,30475],{"className":43,"code":30474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30476,30477,30485,30489,30496,30510,30520,30530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30478,30479,30481,30483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30480,1818],{"class":56},[50,30482,61],{"class":60},[50,30484,10539],{"class":64},[50,30486,30487],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30488,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30490,30491,30494],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30492,30493],{"class":137},"try",[50,30495,2229],{"class":64},[50,30497,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,30499,30423],{"class":56},[50,30501,61],{"class":60},[50,30503,15268],{"class":56},[50,30505,838],{"class":64},[50,30507,29238],{"class":158},[50,30509,9354],{"class":64},[50,30511,30512,30514,30516,30518],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,30513,173],{"class":151},[50,30515,155],{"class":64},[50,30517,2238],{"class":158},[50,30519,186],{"class":64},[50,30521,30522,30525,30528],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,30523,30524],{"class":137},"except",[50,30526,30527],{"class":371}," KeyError",[50,30529,2229],{"class":64},[50,30531,30532,30534,30536,30538,30541,30543],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,30533,173],{"class":151},[50,30535,155],{"class":64},[50,30537,69],{"class":68},[50,30539,30540],{"class":72},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[50,30542,69],{"class":68},[50,30544,186],{"class":64},[20,30546,30547,30548,838],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[335,30549,26370,30551],{"href":30550},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30552,30553],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[36,30555,5681,30557],{"id":30556},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30558,13473],{},[20,30560,30561,30563],{},[15,30562,13473],{}," is useful when:",[233,30565,30566,30569,30572],{},[236,30567,30568],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[236,30570,30571],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[236,30573,30574],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30576,30577],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[41,30579,30581],{"className":43,"code":30580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30582,30583,30592,30612,30632,30650,30654,30658,30668,30687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30584,30585,30588,30590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30586,30587],{"class":56},"tasks ",[50,30589,61],{"class":60},[50,30591,12196],{"class":64},[50,30593,30594,30596,30599,30601,30603,30605,30608,30610],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30595,12201],{"class":68},[50,30597,30598],{"class":72},"first",[50,30600,69],{"class":68},[50,30602,1408],{"class":64},[50,30604,81],{"class":68},[50,30606,30607],{"class":72},"wash dishes",[50,30609,69],{"class":68},[50,30611,12217],{"class":64},[50,30613,30614,30616,30619,30621,30623,30625,30628,30630],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30615,12201],{"class":68},[50,30617,30618],{"class":72},"second",[50,30620,69],{"class":68},[50,30622,1408],{"class":64},[50,30624,81],{"class":68},[50,30626,30627],{"class":72},"do homework",[50,30629,69],{"class":68},[50,30631,12217],{"class":64},[50,30633,30634,30636,30639,30641,30643,30645,30648],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,30635,12201],{"class":68},[50,30637,30638],{"class":72},"third",[50,30640,69],{"class":68},[50,30642,1408],{"class":64},[50,30644,81],{"class":68},[50,30646,30647],{"class":72},"read book",[50,30649,4082],{"class":68},[50,30651,30652],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,30653,1445],{"class":64},[50,30655,30656],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,30657,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30659,30660,30663,30666],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,30661,30662],{"class":137},"while",[50,30664,30665],{"class":56}," tasks",[50,30667,2229],{"class":64},[50,30669,30670,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,30671,30672],{"class":56},"    key",[50,30674,78],{"class":64},[50,30676,22283],{"class":56},[50,30678,61],{"class":60},[50,30680,30665],{"class":56},[50,30682,838],{"class":64},[50,30684,29238],{"class":158},[50,30686,9354],{"class":64},[50,30688,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,30690,173],{"class":151},[50,30692,155],{"class":64},[50,30694,753],{"class":752},[50,30696,69],{"class":72},[50,30698,758],{"class":111},[50,30700,15543],{"class":158},[50,30702,763],{"class":111},[50,30704,1729],{"class":72},[50,30706,758],{"class":111},[50,30708,3197],{"class":158},[50,30710,763],{"class":111},[50,30712,69],{"class":72},[50,30714,186],{"class":64},[20,30716,30717],{},[4465,30718,30719],{},"Possible output:",[41,30721,30723],{"className":43,"code":30722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30724,30725,30734,30743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30726,30727,30729,30731],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30728,30638],{"class":56},[50,30730,1408],{"class":64},[50,30732,30733],{"class":56}," read book\n",[50,30735,30736,30738,30740],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30737,30618],{"class":56},[50,30739,1408],{"class":64},[50,30741,30742],{"class":56}," do homework\n",[50,30744,30745,30747,30749],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30746,30598],{"class":56},[50,30748,1408],{"class":64},[50,30750,30751],{"class":56}," wash dishes\n",[20,30753,1107,30754,30756],{},[15,30755,13473],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[36,30758,3553],{"id":3552},[20,30760,15435,30761,1408],{},[15,30762,13473],{},[233,30764,30765,30779,30798,30809],{},[236,30766,30767,30772],{},[4465,30768,30339,30769,30771],{},[15,30770,13473],{}," on an empty dictionary",[233,30773,30774],{},[236,30775,30776,30777,838],{},"This raises ",[15,30778,20386],{},[236,30780,30781,30786],{},[4465,30782,2120,30783,30785],{},[15,30784,13473],{}," to remove a specific key",[233,30787,30788,30791],{},[236,30789,30790],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[236,30792,221,30793,30797],{},[335,30794,30795],{"href":13271},[15,30796,13466],{}," if you need that.",[236,30799,30800,30804],{},[4465,30801,5424,30802,28390],{},[15,30803,13473],{},[233,30805,30806],{},[236,30807,30808],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[236,30810,30811,30814],{},[4465,30812,30813],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[233,30815,30816],{},[236,30817,30818,22673,30820,30822],{},[15,30819,13473],{},[15,30821,22354],{}," tuple.",[20,30824,30825],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[41,30827,30829],{"className":43,"code":30828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30830,30831,30841,30855,30859,30873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30832,30833,30835,30837,30839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30834,366],{"class":151},[50,30836,155],{"class":64},[50,30838,12152],{"class":158},[50,30840,186],{"class":64},[50,30842,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30844,366],{"class":151},[50,30846,155],{"class":64},[50,30848,1060],{"class":151},[50,30850,155],{"class":64},[50,30852,12152],{"class":158},[50,30854,1077],{"class":64},[50,30856,30857],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30858,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,30860,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,30862,29229],{"class":56},[50,30864,61],{"class":60},[50,30866,12470],{"class":56},[50,30868,838],{"class":64},[50,30870,29238],{"class":158},[50,30872,9354],{"class":64},[50,30874,30875,30877,30879,30881],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,30876,366],{"class":151},[50,30878,155],{"class":64},[50,30880,2238],{"class":158},[50,30882,186],{"class":64},[20,30884,30885],{},"Or with unpacking:",[41,30887,30889],{"className":43,"code":30888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30890,30891,30909,30919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30892,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30894,15543],{"class":56},[50,30896,78],{"class":64},[50,30898,22283],{"class":56},[50,30900,61],{"class":60},[50,30902,12470],{"class":56},[50,30904,838],{"class":64},[50,30906,29238],{"class":158},[50,30908,9354],{"class":64},[50,30910,30911,30913,30915,30917],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,30912,366],{"class":151},[50,30914,155],{"class":64},[50,30916,15543],{"class":158},[50,30918,186],{"class":64},[50,30920,30921,30923,30925,30927],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,30922,366],{"class":151},[50,30924,155],{"class":64},[50,30926,3197],{"class":158},[50,30928,186],{"class":64},[36,30930,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,30932,2559,30934,2562],{"id":30933},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30935,13473],{},[20,30937,30938,30939,838],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30940,30941],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1112,30943,2569,30945,30947],{"id":30944},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30946,13473],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30949,30950],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1112,30952,30954,30955,30957],{"id":30953},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30956,13473],{}," removes?",[20,30959,30960,30961,30965],{},"No. Use ",[335,30962,30963],{"href":13271},[15,30964,13466],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1112,30967,2569,30969,15598],{"id":30968},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30970,13473],{},[20,30972,30973],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1112,30975,30977,30978,30980],{"id":30976},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30979,13473],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30982,30983,30984,30986,30987,838],{},"It raises ",[15,30985,20386],{}," with the message ",[15,30988,30386],{},[36,30990,2610],{"id":2609},[233,30992,30993,31000,31006,31012,31018,31025,31029,31033],{},[236,30994,30995],{},[335,30996,30997,30999],{"href":13271},[15,30998,13466],{}," method for dictionaries",[236,31001,31002],{},[335,31003,31004,30999],{"href":17775},[15,31005,17778],{},[236,31007,31008],{},[335,31009,31010,30999],{"href":17762},[15,31011,17765],{},[236,31013,31014],{},[335,31015,31016,30999],{"href":17768},[15,31017,17771],{},[236,31019,31020],{},[335,31021,31023,30999],{"href":31022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,31024,12023],{},[236,31026,31027],{},[335,31028,13490],{"href":13278},[236,31030,31031],{},[335,31032,22156],{"href":17297},[236,31034,31035],{},[335,31036,31037,31038],{"href":30550},"Fix ",[15,31039,30553],{},[2640,31041,31042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":31044},[31045,31046,31048,31049,31050,31051,31052,31053,31058,31063,31065,31066,31078],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":29325,"depth":101,"text":31047},"What popitem() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":29395,"depth":101,"text":29396},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":29747,"depth":101,"text":29748},{"id":29938,"depth":101,"text":29939},{"id":30066,"depth":101,"text":31054,"children":31055},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[31056,31057],{"id":29238,"depth":127,"text":13473},{"id":26932,"depth":127,"text":13466},{"id":30335,"depth":101,"text":30336,"children":31059},[31060,31061],{"id":30392,"depth":127,"text":30393},{"id":30467,"depth":127,"text":31062},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30556,"depth":101,"text":31064},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":31067},[31068,31070,31072,31074,31076],{"id":30933,"depth":127,"text":31069},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30944,"depth":127,"text":31071},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30953,"depth":127,"text":31073},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30968,"depth":127,"text":31075},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30976,"depth":127,"text":31077},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":29064,"description":31079},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31086,"title":31087,"body":31088,"description":32987,"extension":2687,"meta":32988,"navigation":130,"path":14734,"seo":32989,"stem":32990,"__hash__":32991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31089,"toc":32959},[31090,31095,31100,31103,31105,31202,31207,31212,31217,31220,31228,31231,31246,31248,31347,31349,31406,31410,31412,31415,31435,31440,31451,31454,31481,31484,31486,31543,31545,31566,31572,31577,31580,31591,31593,31701,31703,31756,31758,31770,31775,31781,31786,31789,31877,31879,31924,31927,31935,31938,31941,32010,32013,32016,32020,32023,32094,32096,32149,32152,32155,32158,32173,32176,32188,32191,32254,32256,32262,32264,32266,32345,32347,32388,32390,32455,32457,32494,32499,32504,32508,32522,32525,32648,32650,32735,32740,32742,32746,32768,32771,32851,32854,32873,32878,32880,32886,32891,32897,32900,32906,32909,32915,32920,32926,32932,32934,32956],[10,31091,12020,31093,12024],{"id":31092},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,31094,15656],{},[20,31096,2704,31097,31099],{},[15,31098,15656],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,31101,31102],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[36,31104,39],{"id":38},[41,31106,31108],{"className":43,"code":31107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31109,31110,31146,31187,31197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31111,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31113,1356],{"class":56},[50,31115,61],{"class":60},[50,31117,11191],{"class":64},[50,31119,69],{"class":68},[50,31121,178],{"class":72},[50,31123,69],{"class":68},[50,31125,1408],{"class":64},[50,31127,81],{"class":68},[50,31129,73],{"class":72},[50,31131,69],{"class":68},[50,31133,78],{"class":64},[50,31135,81],{"class":68},[50,31137,1303],{"class":72},[50,31139,69],{"class":68},[50,31141,1408],{"class":64},[50,31143,1873],{"class":111},[50,31145,1445],{"class":64},[50,31147,31148,31150,31152,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31149,1386],{"class":56},[50,31151,838],{"class":64},[50,31153,31154],{"class":158},"update",[50,31156,6244],{"class":64},[50,31158,69],{"class":68},[50,31160,1303],{"class":72},[50,31162,69],{"class":68},[50,31164,1408],{"class":64},[50,31166,31167],{"class":111}," 21",[50,31169,78],{"class":64},[50,31171,81],{"class":68},[50,31173,1312],{"class":72},[50,31175,69],{"class":68},[50,31177,1408],{"class":64},[50,31179,81],{"class":68},[50,31181,1343],{"class":72},[50,31183,69],{"class":68},[50,31185,31186],{"class":64},"})\n",[50,31188,31189,31191,31193,31195],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31190,366],{"class":151},[50,31192,155],{"class":64},[50,31194,1386],{"class":158},[50,31196,186],{"class":64},[50,31198,31199],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,31200,31201],{"class":4385},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31203,221,31204,31206],{},[15,31205,15656],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[36,31208,228,31210,231],{"id":31209},"what-update-does",[15,31211,15656],{},[20,31213,31214,31216],{},[15,31215,15656],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31218,31219],{},"It can do two main things:",[233,31221,31222,31225],{},[236,31223,31224],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[236,31226,31227],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31229,31230],{},"Important things to know:",[233,31232,31233,31236,31239,31243],{},[236,31234,31235],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[236,31237,31238],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[236,31240,5861,31241],{},[15,31242,4501],{},[236,31244,31245],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31247,2931],{},[41,31249,31251],{"className":43,"code":31250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31252,31253,31294,31337],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31254,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31256,13567],{"class":56},[50,31258,61],{"class":60},[50,31260,11191],{"class":64},[50,31262,69],{"class":68},[50,31264,178],{"class":72},[50,31266,69],{"class":68},[50,31268,1408],{"class":64},[50,31270,81],{"class":68},[50,31272,31273],{"class":72},"Mira",[50,31275,69],{"class":68},[50,31277,78],{"class":64},[50,31279,81],{"class":68},[50,31281,20590],{"class":72},[50,31283,69],{"class":68},[50,31285,1408],{"class":64},[50,31287,81],{"class":68},[50,31289,531],{"class":72},[50,31291,69],{"class":68},[50,31293,1445],{"class":64},[50,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31333,31335],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31297,14327],{"class":56},[50,31299,838],{"class":64},[50,31301,31154],{"class":158},[50,31303,6244],{"class":64},[50,31305,69],{"class":68},[50,31307,20590],{"class":72},[50,31309,69],{"class":68},[50,31311,1408],{"class":64},[50,31313,81],{"class":68},[50,31315,522],{"class":72},[50,31317,69],{"class":68},[50,31319,78],{"class":64},[50,31321,81],{"class":68},[50,31323,1312],{"class":72},[50,31325,69],{"class":68},[50,31327,1408],{"class":64},[50,31329,81],{"class":68},[50,31331,31332],{"class":72},"Quito",[50,31334,69],{"class":68},[50,31336,31186],{"class":64},[50,31338,31339,31341,31343,31345],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31340,366],{"class":151},[50,31342,155],{"class":64},[50,31344,14327],{"class":158},[50,31346,186],{"class":64},[20,31348,189],{},[41,31350,31352],{"className":43,"code":31351,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31353,31354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31355,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31357,758],{"class":64},[50,31359,413],{"class":68},[50,31361,178],{"class":72},[50,31363,413],{"class":68},[50,31365,1408],{"class":64},[50,31367,408],{"class":68},[50,31369,31273],{"class":72},[50,31371,413],{"class":68},[50,31373,78],{"class":64},[50,31375,408],{"class":68},[50,31377,20590],{"class":72},[50,31379,413],{"class":68},[50,31381,1408],{"class":64},[50,31383,408],{"class":68},[50,31385,522],{"class":72},[50,31387,413],{"class":68},[50,31389,78],{"class":64},[50,31391,408],{"class":68},[50,31393,1312],{"class":72},[50,31395,413],{"class":68},[50,31397,1408],{"class":64},[50,31399,408],{"class":68},[50,31401,31332],{"class":72},[50,31403,413],{"class":68},[50,31405,1445],{"class":64},[20,31407,9864,31408,838],{},[335,31409,25321],{"href":10092},[36,31411,256],{"id":255},[20,31413,31414],{},"The basic form is:",[41,31416,31418],{"className":43,"code":31417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31419,31420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31421,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31423,16307],{"class":56},[50,31425,838],{"class":64},[50,31427,31154],{"class":158},[50,31429,155],{"class":64},[50,31431,31432],{"class":158},"other",[50,31434,186],{"class":64},[20,31436,31437,31439],{},[15,31438,31432],{}," can be:",[233,31441,31442,31445,31448],{},[236,31443,31444],{},"Another dictionary",[236,31446,31447],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[236,31449,31450],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31452,31453],{},"You can also use:",[41,31455,31457],{"className":43,"code":31456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31458,31459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31460,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31462,16307],{"class":56},[50,31464,838],{"class":64},[50,31466,31154],{"class":158},[50,31468,155],{"class":64},[50,31470,178],{"class":9886},[50,31472,61],{"class":60},[50,31474,69],{"class":68},[50,31476,8390],{"class":72},[50,31478,69],{"class":68},[50,31480,186],{"class":64},[20,31482,31483],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31485,2931],{},[41,31487,31489],{"className":43,"code":31488,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31490,31491,31511,31533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31492,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31494,1818],{"class":56},[50,31496,61],{"class":60},[50,31498,11191],{"class":64},[50,31500,69],{"class":68},[50,31502,335],{"class":72},[50,31504,69],{"class":68},[50,31506,1408],{"class":64},[50,31508,6212],{"class":111},[50,31510,1445],{"class":64},[50,31512,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31514,1845],{"class":56},[50,31516,838],{"class":64},[50,31518,31154],{"class":158},[50,31520,6244],{"class":64},[50,31522,69],{"class":68},[50,31524,335],{"class":72},[50,31526,69],{"class":68},[50,31528,1408],{"class":64},[50,31530,6717],{"class":111},[50,31532,31186],{"class":64},[50,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31536,366],{"class":151},[50,31538,155],{"class":64},[50,31540,1845],{"class":158},[50,31542,186],{"class":64},[20,31544,189],{},[41,31546,31548],{"className":43,"code":31547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31549,31550],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31553,758],{"class":64},[50,31555,413],{"class":68},[50,31557,335],{"class":72},[50,31559,413],{"class":68},[50,31561,1408],{"class":64},[50,31563,6717],{"class":111},[50,31565,1445],{"class":64},[36,31567,2447,31569,31571],{"id":31568},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31570,15656],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31573,31574,31575,838],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31576,15656],{},[20,31578,31579],{},"It is useful when:",[233,31581,31582,31585,31588],{},[236,31583,31584],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[236,31586,31587],{},"Adding extra settings",[236,31589,31590],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31592,2931],{},[41,31594,31596],{"className":43,"code":31595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31597,31598,31635,31672,31676,31691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31601,14527],{"class":56},[50,31603,61],{"class":60},[50,31605,11191],{"class":64},[50,31607,69],{"class":68},[50,31609,13199],{"class":72},[50,31611,69],{"class":68},[50,31613,1408],{"class":64},[50,31615,81],{"class":68},[50,31617,21626],{"class":72},[50,31619,69],{"class":68},[50,31621,78],{"class":64},[50,31623,81],{"class":68},[50,31625,14552],{"class":72},[50,31627,69],{"class":68},[50,31629,1408],{"class":64},[50,31631,31632],{"class":111}," 12",[50,31634,1445],{"class":64},[50,31636,31637,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31638,31639],{"class":56},"new_settings ",[50,31641,61],{"class":60},[50,31643,11191],{"class":64},[50,31645,69],{"class":68},[50,31647,14552],{"class":72},[50,31649,69],{"class":68},[50,31651,1408],{"class":64},[50,31653,14559],{"class":111},[50,31655,78],{"class":64},[50,31657,81],{"class":68},[50,31659,20821],{"class":72},[50,31661,69],{"class":68},[50,31663,1408],{"class":64},[50,31665,81],{"class":68},[50,31667,20855],{"class":72},[50,31669,69],{"class":68},[50,31671,1445],{"class":64},[50,31673,31674],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31675,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,31677,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31689],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,31679,14586],{"class":56},[50,31681,838],{"class":64},[50,31683,31154],{"class":158},[50,31685,155],{"class":64},[50,31687,31688],{"class":158},"new_settings",[50,31690,186],{"class":64},[50,31692,31693,31695,31697,31699],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,31694,366],{"class":151},[50,31696,155],{"class":64},[50,31698,14586],{"class":158},[50,31700,186],{"class":64},[20,31702,189],{},[41,31704,31706],{"className":43,"code":31705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31707,31708],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31709,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31711,758],{"class":64},[50,31713,413],{"class":68},[50,31715,13199],{"class":72},[50,31717,413],{"class":68},[50,31719,1408],{"class":64},[50,31721,408],{"class":68},[50,31723,21626],{"class":72},[50,31725,413],{"class":68},[50,31727,78],{"class":64},[50,31729,408],{"class":68},[50,31731,14552],{"class":72},[50,31733,413],{"class":68},[50,31735,1408],{"class":64},[50,31737,14559],{"class":111},[50,31739,78],{"class":64},[50,31741,408],{"class":68},[50,31743,20821],{"class":72},[50,31745,413],{"class":68},[50,31747,1408],{"class":64},[50,31749,408],{"class":68},[50,31751,20855],{"class":72},[50,31753,413],{"class":68},[50,31755,1445],{"class":64},[20,31757,14112],{},[233,31759,31760,31765],{},[236,31761,31762,31764],{},[15,31763,14552],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[236,31766,31767,31769],{},[15,31768,20821],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31771,31772,31773,838],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[335,31774,1452],{"href":1451},[36,31776,2447,31778,31780],{"id":31777},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31779,15656],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31782,31783,31785],{},[15,31784,15656],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31787,31788],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[41,31790,31792],{"className":43,"code":31791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31793,31794,31814,31849,31853,31867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31797,104],{"class":56},[50,31799,61],{"class":60},[50,31801,11191],{"class":64},[50,31803,69],{"class":68},[50,31805,19115],{"class":72},[50,31807,69],{"class":68},[50,31809,1408],{"class":64},[50,31811,597],{"class":111},[50,31813,1445],{"class":64},[50,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31841,31843,31845,31847],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31817,1186],{"class":56},[50,31819,61],{"class":60},[50,31821,9929],{"class":64},[50,31823,69],{"class":68},[50,31825,19124],{"class":72},[50,31827,69],{"class":68},[50,31829,78],{"class":64},[50,31831,117],{"class":111},[50,31833,416],{"class":64},[50,31835,419],{"class":64},[50,31837,69],{"class":68},[50,31839,31840],{"class":72},"english",[50,31842,69],{"class":68},[50,31844,78],{"class":64},[50,31846,122],{"class":111},[50,31848,448],{"class":64},[50,31850,31851],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31852,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,31856,1074],{"class":56},[50,31858,838],{"class":64},[50,31860,31154],{"class":158},[50,31862,155],{"class":64},[50,31864,1214],{"class":158},[50,31866,186],{"class":64},[50,31868,31869,31871,31873,31875],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,31870,366],{"class":151},[50,31872,155],{"class":64},[50,31874,1074],{"class":158},[50,31876,186],{"class":64},[20,31878,189],{},[41,31880,31882],{"className":43,"code":31881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31883,31884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31885,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31887,758],{"class":64},[50,31889,413],{"class":68},[50,31891,19115],{"class":72},[50,31893,413],{"class":68},[50,31895,1408],{"class":64},[50,31897,597],{"class":111},[50,31899,78],{"class":64},[50,31901,408],{"class":68},[50,31903,19124],{"class":72},[50,31905,413],{"class":68},[50,31907,1408],{"class":64},[50,31909,117],{"class":111},[50,31911,78],{"class":64},[50,31913,408],{"class":68},[50,31915,31840],{"class":72},[50,31917,413],{"class":68},[50,31919,1408],{"class":64},[50,31921,122],{"class":111},[50,31923,1445],{"class":64},[20,31925,31926],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[233,31928,31929,31932],{},[236,31930,31931],{},"The key",[236,31933,31934],{},"The value",[20,31936,31937],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31939,31940],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[41,31942,31944],{"className":43,"code":31943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31945,31946,31966,31991,31995],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31947,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31949,1818],{"class":56},[50,31951,61],{"class":60},[50,31953,11191],{"class":64},[50,31955,69],{"class":68},[50,31957,335],{"class":72},[50,31959,69],{"class":68},[50,31961,1408],{"class":64},[50,31963,6212],{"class":111},[50,31965,1445],{"class":64},[50,31967,31968,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,31969,31970],{"class":56},"bad_pairs ",[50,31972,61],{"class":60},[50,31974,9929],{"class":64},[50,31976,69],{"class":68},[50,31978,344],{"class":72},[50,31980,69],{"class":68},[50,31982,78],{"class":64},[50,31984,314],{"class":111},[50,31986,78],{"class":64},[50,31988,319],{"class":111},[50,31990,448],{"class":64},[50,31992,31993],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,31994,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,31996,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32008],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,31998,1845],{"class":56},[50,32000,838],{"class":64},[50,32002,31154],{"class":158},[50,32004,155],{"class":64},[50,32006,32007],{"class":158},"bad_pairs",[50,32009,186],{"class":64},[20,32011,32012],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,32014,32015],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[36,32017,32019],{"id":32018},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,32021,32022],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[41,32024,32026],{"className":43,"code":32025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,32027,32028,32052,32084],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32029,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32031,12191],{"class":56},[50,32033,61],{"class":60},[50,32035,11191],{"class":64},[50,32037,69],{"class":68},[50,32039,178],{"class":72},[50,32041,69],{"class":68},[50,32043,1408],{"class":64},[50,32045,81],{"class":68},[50,32047,29604],{"class":72},[50,32049,69],{"class":68},[50,32051,1445],{"class":64},[50,32053,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32073,32075,32077,32080,32082],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32055,12285],{"class":56},[50,32057,838],{"class":64},[50,32059,31154],{"class":158},[50,32061,155],{"class":64},[50,32063,1303],{"class":9886},[50,32065,61],{"class":60},[50,32067,9904],{"class":111},[50,32069,78],{"class":64},[50,32071,32072],{"class":9886}," city",[50,32074,61],{"class":60},[50,32076,69],{"class":68},[50,32078,32079],{"class":72},"Madrid",[50,32081,69],{"class":68},[50,32083,186],{"class":64},[50,32085,32086,32088,32090,32092],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32087,366],{"class":151},[50,32089,155],{"class":64},[50,32091,12285],{"class":158},[50,32093,186],{"class":64},[20,32095,189],{},[41,32097,32099],{"className":43,"code":32098,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,32100,32101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32102,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32104,758],{"class":64},[50,32106,413],{"class":68},[50,32108,178],{"class":72},[50,32110,413],{"class":68},[50,32112,1408],{"class":64},[50,32114,408],{"class":68},[50,32116,29604],{"class":72},[50,32118,413],{"class":68},[50,32120,78],{"class":64},[50,32122,408],{"class":68},[50,32124,1303],{"class":72},[50,32126,413],{"class":68},[50,32128,1408],{"class":64},[50,32130,1336],{"class":111},[50,32132,78],{"class":64},[50,32134,408],{"class":68},[50,32136,1312],{"class":72},[50,32138,413],{"class":68},[50,32140,1408],{"class":64},[50,32142,408],{"class":68},[50,32144,32079],{"class":72},[50,32146,413],{"class":68},[50,32148,1445],{"class":64},[20,32150,32151],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32153,32154],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32156,32157],{},"These work:",[233,32159,32160,32164,32168],{},[236,32161,32162],{},[15,32163,1303],{},[236,32165,32166],{},[15,32167,1312],{},[236,32169,32170],{},[15,32171,32172],{},"first_name",[20,32174,32175],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[233,32177,32178,32183],{},[236,32179,32180],{},[15,32181,32182],{},"\"first name\"",[236,32184,32185],{},[15,32186,32187],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32189,32190],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[41,32192,32194],{"className":43,"code":32193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32195,32196,32204,32244],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32197,32198,32200,32202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32199,12191],{"class":56},[50,32201,61],{"class":60},[50,32203,10539],{"class":64},[50,32205,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32235,32237,32239,32242],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32207,12285],{"class":56},[50,32209,838],{"class":64},[50,32211,31154],{"class":158},[50,32213,6244],{"class":64},[50,32215,69],{"class":68},[50,32217,11213],{"class":72},[50,32219,69],{"class":68},[50,32221,1408],{"class":64},[50,32223,81],{"class":68},[50,32225,29604],{"class":72},[50,32227,69],{"class":68},[50,32229,78],{"class":64},[50,32231,81],{"class":68},[50,32233,32234],{"class":72},"user-id",[50,32236,69],{"class":68},[50,32238,1408],{"class":64},[50,32240,32241],{"class":111}," 1001",[50,32243,31186],{"class":64},[50,32245,32246,32248,32250,32252],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32247,366],{"class":151},[50,32249,155],{"class":64},[50,32251,12285],{"class":158},[50,32253,186],{"class":64},[36,32255,18117],{"id":18116},[20,32257,32258,3121,32260,838],{},[15,32259,15656],{},[15,32261,4501],{},[20,32263,14750],{},[20,32265,25401],{},[41,32267,32269],{"className":43,"code":32268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32270,32271,32295,32321,32325,32335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32272,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32274,1356],{"class":56},[50,32276,61],{"class":60},[50,32278,11191],{"class":64},[50,32280,69],{"class":68},[50,32282,178],{"class":72},[50,32284,69],{"class":68},[50,32286,1408],{"class":64},[50,32288,81],{"class":68},[50,32290,73],{"class":72},[50,32292,69],{"class":68},[50,32294,1445],{"class":64},[50,32296,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32298,2954],{"class":56},[50,32300,61],{"class":60},[50,32302,13950],{"class":56},[50,32304,838],{"class":64},[50,32306,31154],{"class":158},[50,32308,6244],{"class":64},[50,32310,69],{"class":68},[50,32312,1303],{"class":72},[50,32314,69],{"class":68},[50,32316,1408],{"class":64},[50,32318,1873],{"class":111},[50,32320,31186],{"class":64},[50,32322,32323],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32324,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,32326,32327,32329,32331,32333],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,32328,366],{"class":151},[50,32330,155],{"class":64},[50,32332,2989],{"class":158},[50,32334,186],{"class":64},[50,32336,32337,32339,32341,32343],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,32338,366],{"class":151},[50,32340,155],{"class":64},[50,32342,1386],{"class":158},[50,32344,186],{"class":64},[20,32346,189],{},[41,32348,32350],{"className":43,"code":32349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32351,32352,32356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32353,32354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32355,12512],{"class":1806},[50,32357,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32359,758],{"class":64},[50,32361,413],{"class":68},[50,32363,178],{"class":72},[50,32365,413],{"class":68},[50,32367,1408],{"class":64},[50,32369,408],{"class":68},[50,32371,73],{"class":72},[50,32373,413],{"class":68},[50,32375,78],{"class":64},[50,32377,408],{"class":68},[50,32379,1303],{"class":72},[50,32381,413],{"class":68},[50,32383,1408],{"class":64},[50,32385,1873],{"class":111},[50,32387,1445],{"class":64},[20,32389,17356],{},[41,32391,32393],{"className":43,"code":32392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32394,32395,32419,32441,32445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32396,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32398,1356],{"class":56},[50,32400,61],{"class":60},[50,32402,11191],{"class":64},[50,32404,69],{"class":68},[50,32406,178],{"class":72},[50,32408,69],{"class":68},[50,32410,1408],{"class":64},[50,32412,81],{"class":68},[50,32414,73],{"class":72},[50,32416,69],{"class":68},[50,32418,1445],{"class":64},[50,32420,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32422,1386],{"class":56},[50,32424,838],{"class":64},[50,32426,31154],{"class":158},[50,32428,6244],{"class":64},[50,32430,69],{"class":68},[50,32432,1303],{"class":72},[50,32434,69],{"class":68},[50,32436,1408],{"class":64},[50,32438,1873],{"class":111},[50,32440,31186],{"class":64},[50,32442,32443],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32444,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,32446,32447,32449,32451,32453],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,32448,366],{"class":151},[50,32450,155],{"class":64},[50,32452,1386],{"class":158},[50,32454,186],{"class":64},[20,32456,189],{},[41,32458,32460],{"className":43,"code":32459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32461,32462],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32463,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32465,758],{"class":64},[50,32467,413],{"class":68},[50,32469,178],{"class":72},[50,32471,413],{"class":68},[50,32473,1408],{"class":64},[50,32475,408],{"class":68},[50,32477,73],{"class":72},[50,32479,413],{"class":68},[50,32481,78],{"class":64},[50,32483,408],{"class":68},[50,32485,1303],{"class":72},[50,32487,413],{"class":68},[50,32489,1408],{"class":64},[50,32491,1873],{"class":111},[50,32493,1445],{"class":64},[20,32495,32496,32497,838],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[335,32498,18603],{"href":11432},[36,32500,5681,32502],{"id":32501},"when-to-use-update",[15,32503,15656],{},[20,32505,221,32506,11302],{},[15,32507,15656],{},[233,32509,32510,32513,32516,32519],{},[236,32511,32512],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[236,32514,32515],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[236,32517,32518],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[236,32520,32521],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32523,32524],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[41,32526,32528],{"className":43,"code":32527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32529,32530,32566,32581,32585,32624,32628,32638],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32531,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32533,12790],{"class":56},[50,32535,61],{"class":60},[50,32537,11191],{"class":64},[50,32539,69],{"class":68},[50,32541,178],{"class":72},[50,32543,69],{"class":68},[50,32545,1408],{"class":64},[50,32547,81],{"class":68},[50,32549,73],{"class":72},[50,32551,69],{"class":68},[50,32553,78],{"class":64},[50,32555,81],{"class":68},[50,32557,1303],{"class":72},[50,32559,69],{"class":68},[50,32561,1408],{"class":64},[50,32563,1873],{"class":111},[50,32565,1445],{"class":64},[50,32567,32568,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32569,32570],{"class":56},"updated ",[50,32572,61],{"class":60},[50,32574,12865],{"class":56},[50,32576,838],{"class":64},[50,32578,13614],{"class":158},[50,32580,9354],{"class":64},[50,32582,32583],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32584,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,32586,32587,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,32588,32589],{"class":56},"updated",[50,32591,838],{"class":64},[50,32593,31154],{"class":158},[50,32595,6244],{"class":64},[50,32597,69],{"class":68},[50,32599,1303],{"class":72},[50,32601,69],{"class":68},[50,32603,1408],{"class":64},[50,32605,31167],{"class":111},[50,32607,78],{"class":64},[50,32609,81],{"class":68},[50,32611,1312],{"class":72},[50,32613,69],{"class":68},[50,32615,1408],{"class":64},[50,32617,81],{"class":68},[50,32619,1343],{"class":72},[50,32621,69],{"class":68},[50,32623,31186],{"class":64},[50,32625,32626],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,32627,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,32629,32630,32632,32634,32636],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,32631,366],{"class":151},[50,32633,155],{"class":64},[50,32635,12837],{"class":158},[50,32637,186],{"class":64},[50,32639,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,32641,366],{"class":151},[50,32643,155],{"class":64},[50,32645,32589],{"class":158},[50,32647,186],{"class":64},[20,32649,189],{},[41,32651,32653],{"className":43,"code":32652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32654,32655,32687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32656,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32658,758],{"class":64},[50,32660,413],{"class":68},[50,32662,178],{"class":72},[50,32664,413],{"class":68},[50,32666,1408],{"class":64},[50,32668,408],{"class":68},[50,32670,73],{"class":72},[50,32672,413],{"class":68},[50,32674,78],{"class":64},[50,32676,408],{"class":68},[50,32678,1303],{"class":72},[50,32680,413],{"class":68},[50,32682,1408],{"class":64},[50,32684,1873],{"class":111},[50,32686,1445],{"class":64},[50,32688,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32690,758],{"class":64},[50,32692,413],{"class":68},[50,32694,178],{"class":72},[50,32696,413],{"class":68},[50,32698,1408],{"class":64},[50,32700,408],{"class":68},[50,32702,73],{"class":72},[50,32704,413],{"class":68},[50,32706,78],{"class":64},[50,32708,408],{"class":68},[50,32710,1303],{"class":72},[50,32712,413],{"class":68},[50,32714,1408],{"class":64},[50,32716,31167],{"class":111},[50,32718,78],{"class":64},[50,32720,408],{"class":68},[50,32722,1312],{"class":72},[50,32724,413],{"class":68},[50,32726,1408],{"class":64},[50,32728,408],{"class":68},[50,32730,1343],{"class":72},[50,32732,413],{"class":68},[50,32734,1445],{"class":64},[20,32736,32737,32738,838],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[335,32739,17298],{"href":17297},[36,32741,3553],{"id":3552},[20,32743,11449,32744,1408],{},[15,32745,15656],{},[233,32747,32748,32755,32759,32762,32765],{},[236,32749,13299,32750,32752,32753],{},[15,32751,15656],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32754,4501],{},[236,32756,2120,32757,13307],{},[15,32758,15656],{},[236,32760,32761],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[236,32763,32764],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[236,32766,32767],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32769,32770],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[41,32772,32774],{"className":43,"code":32773,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32775,32776,32786,32800,32814,32836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32777,32778,32780,32782,32784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32779,366],{"class":151},[50,32781,155],{"class":64},[50,32783,12152],{"class":158},[50,32785,186],{"class":64},[50,32787,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,32789,366],{"class":151},[50,32791,155],{"class":64},[50,32793,3945],{"class":371},[50,32795,155],{"class":64},[50,32797,1845],{"class":158},[50,32799,1077],{"class":64},[50,32801,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,32803,366],{"class":151},[50,32805,155],{"class":64},[50,32807,372],{"class":371},[50,32809,155],{"class":64},[50,32811,1845],{"class":158},[50,32813,1077],{"class":64},[50,32815,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,32817,366],{"class":151},[50,32819,155],{"class":64},[50,32821,12152],{"class":158},[50,32823,838],{"class":64},[50,32825,20449],{"class":158},[50,32827,155],{"class":64},[50,32829,413],{"class":68},[50,32831,15543],{"class":72},[50,32833,413],{"class":68},[50,32835,1077],{"class":64},[50,32837,32838,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,32839,32840],{"class":151},"help",[50,32842,155],{"class":64},[50,32844,9533],{"class":371},[50,32846,838],{"class":64},[50,32848,31154],{"class":25443},[50,32850,186],{"class":64},[20,32852,32853],{},"These can help you check:",[233,32855,32856,32859,32864,32867,32870],{},[236,32857,32858],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[236,32860,32861,32862],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32863,15656],{},[236,32865,32866],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[236,32868,32869],{},"Whether a key exists",[236,32871,32872],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32874,32875,32876,838],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[335,32877,11964],{"href":11776},[36,32879,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,32881,2569,32883,32885],{"id":32882},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32884,15656],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32887,32888,32889,838],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32890,4501],{},[1112,32892,2569,32894,32896],{"id":32893},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32895,15656],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32898,32899],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1112,32901,5883,32903,32905],{"id":32902},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32904,15656],{}," add new keys?",[20,32907,32908],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1112,32910,29019,32912,32914],{"id":32911},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32913,15656],{}," with a list?",[20,32916,32917,32918,838],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32919,11797],{},[1112,32921,5893,32923,32925],{"id":32922},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32924,15656],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32927,32928,32929,32931],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32930,15656],{}," can change many keys at once.",[36,32933,2610],{"id":2609},[233,32935,32936,32940,32944,32948,32952],{},[236,32937,32938],{},[335,32939,26786],{"href":10092},[236,32941,32942],{},[335,32943,11953],{"href":11432},[236,32945,32946],{},[335,32947,2638],{"href":1451},[236,32949,32950],{},[335,32951,22156],{"href":17297},[236,32953,32954],{},[335,32955,11964],{"href":11776},[2640,32957,32958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":32960},[32961,32962,32964,32965,32967,32969,32970,32971,32973,32974,32986],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":31209,"depth":101,"text":32963},"What update() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":31568,"depth":101,"text":32966},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31777,"depth":101,"text":32968},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":32018,"depth":101,"text":32019},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":32501,"depth":101,"text":32972},"When to use update()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":32975},[32976,32978,32980,32982,32984],{"id":32882,"depth":127,"text":32977},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32893,"depth":127,"text":32979},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32902,"depth":127,"text":32981},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32911,"depth":127,"text":32983},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32922,"depth":127,"text":32985},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31087,"description":32987},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32993,"title":32994,"body":32995,"description":34981,"extension":2687,"meta":34982,"navigation":130,"path":23588,"seo":34983,"stem":34984,"__hash__":34985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32996,"toc":34944},[32997,33002,33009,33012,33014,33113,33115,33170,33175,33180,33194,33199,33201,33216,33218,33232,33245,33250,33256,33263,33265,33372,33374,33423,33429,33504,33506,33527,33529,33532,33637,33639,33694,33696,33724,33728,33733,33812,33814,33831,33833,33844,33854,33858,33863,33967,33969,33994,33997,34008,34013,34022,34025,34042,34044,34131,34133,34196,34198,34221,34223,34228,34234,34239,34241,34280,34286,34289,34308,34319,34325,34328,34401,34403,34422,34427,34430,34453,34459,34462,34526,34529,34606,34613,34616,34675,34681,34683,34702,34706,34709,34760,34763,34783,34785,34846,34848,34853,34858,34863,34868,34873,34878,34884,34887,34896,34904,34906,34941],[10,32998,12020,33000,12024],{"id":32999},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,33001,17771],{},[20,33003,33004,33005,33008],{},"The Python ",[15,33006,33007],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,33010,33011],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[36,33013,39],{"id":38},[41,33015,33017],{"className":43,"code":33016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,33018,33019,33071,33085,33089,33099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33020,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33022,13567],{"class":56},[50,33024,61],{"class":60},[50,33026,11191],{"class":64},[50,33028,69],{"class":68},[50,33030,178],{"class":72},[50,33032,69],{"class":68},[50,33034,1408],{"class":64},[50,33036,81],{"class":68},[50,33038,73],{"class":72},[50,33040,69],{"class":68},[50,33042,78],{"class":64},[50,33044,81],{"class":68},[50,33046,1303],{"class":72},[50,33048,69],{"class":68},[50,33050,1408],{"class":64},[50,33052,1873],{"class":111},[50,33054,78],{"class":64},[50,33056,81],{"class":68},[50,33058,1312],{"class":72},[50,33060,69],{"class":68},[50,33062,1408],{"class":64},[50,33064,81],{"class":68},[50,33066,1343],{"class":72},[50,33068,69],{"class":68},[50,33070,1445],{"class":64},[50,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33074,1321],{"class":56},[50,33076,61],{"class":60},[50,33078,13609],{"class":56},[50,33080,838],{"class":64},[50,33082,6072],{"class":158},[50,33084,9354],{"class":64},[50,33086,33087],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33088,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33090,33091,33093,33095,33097],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33092,366],{"class":151},[50,33094,155],{"class":64},[50,33096,6072],{"class":158},[50,33098,186],{"class":64},[50,33100,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,33102,366],{"class":151},[50,33104,155],{"class":64},[50,33106,372],{"class":371},[50,33108,155],{"class":64},[50,33110,6072],{"class":158},[50,33112,1077],{"class":64},[20,33114,189],{},[41,33116,33118],{"className":43,"code":33117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,33119,33120,33146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33121,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33123,17737],{"class":158},[50,33125,2182],{"class":64},[50,33127,413],{"class":68},[50,33129,73],{"class":72},[50,33131,413],{"class":68},[50,33133,78],{"class":64},[50,33135,1873],{"class":111},[50,33137,78],{"class":64},[50,33139,408],{"class":68},[50,33141,1343],{"class":72},[50,33143,413],{"class":68},[50,33145,2210],{"class":64},[50,33147,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33149,4620],{"class":64},[50,33151,413],{"class":68},[50,33153,73],{"class":72},[50,33155,413],{"class":68},[50,33157,78],{"class":64},[50,33159,1873],{"class":111},[50,33161,78],{"class":64},[50,33163,408],{"class":68},[50,33165,1343],{"class":72},[50,33167,413],{"class":68},[50,33169,98],{"class":64},[20,33171,33172,33174],{},[15,33173,17771],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[36,33176,228,33178,231],{"id":33177},"what-values-does",[15,33179,17771],{},[233,33181,33182,33185,33188,33191],{},[236,33183,33184],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[236,33186,33187],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[236,33189,33190],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[236,33192,33193],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33195,33196,33197,838],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[335,33198,10093],{"href":10092},[36,33200,256],{"id":255},[41,33202,33204],{"className":43,"code":33203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33205,33206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33209,12152],{"class":56},[50,33211,838],{"class":64},[50,33213,6072],{"class":158},[50,33215,9354],{"class":64},[20,33217,13755],{},[233,33219,33220,33224,33227],{},[236,33221,33222,12168],{},[15,33223,17771],{},[236,33225,33226],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[236,33228,33229,33230],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33231,17771],{},[20,33233,33234,33235,827,33240,838],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[335,33236,33237,33239],{"href":17762},[15,33238,17765],{}," for dictionary keys",[335,33241,33242,33244],{"href":17775},[15,33243,17778],{}," for key-value pairs",[36,33246,228,33248,12409],{"id":33247},"what-values-returns",[15,33249,17771],{},[20,33251,33252,22673,33254,25457],{},[15,33253,17771],{},[15,33255,17737],{},[20,33257,33258,33259,33262],{},"This object is a ",[4465,33260,33261],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33264,2931],{},[41,33266,33268],{"className":43,"code":33267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33269,33270,33306,33310,33325,33336,33340,33362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33271,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33273,1356],{"class":56},[50,33275,61],{"class":60},[50,33277,11191],{"class":64},[50,33279,69],{"class":68},[50,33281,178],{"class":72},[50,33283,69],{"class":68},[50,33285,1408],{"class":64},[50,33287,81],{"class":68},[50,33289,8634],{"class":72},[50,33291,69],{"class":68},[50,33293,78],{"class":64},[50,33295,81],{"class":68},[50,33297,1303],{"class":72},[50,33299,69],{"class":68},[50,33301,1408],{"class":64},[50,33303,1336],{"class":111},[50,33305,1445],{"class":64},[50,33307,33308],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33309,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33311,33312,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33313,33314],{"class":56},"values_view ",[50,33316,61],{"class":60},[50,33318,13950],{"class":56},[50,33320,838],{"class":64},[50,33322,6072],{"class":158},[50,33324,9354],{"class":64},[50,33326,33327,33329,33331,33334],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33328,366],{"class":151},[50,33330,155],{"class":64},[50,33332,33333],{"class":158},"values_view",[50,33335,186],{"class":64},[50,33337,33338],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,33339,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33341,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,33343,1386],{"class":56},[50,33345,4620],{"class":64},[50,33347,69],{"class":68},[50,33349,1312],{"class":72},[50,33351,69],{"class":68},[50,33353,13976],{"class":64},[50,33355,13979],{"class":60},[50,33357,81],{"class":68},[50,33359,31332],{"class":72},[50,33361,4082],{"class":68},[50,33363,33364,33366,33368,33370],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,33365,366],{"class":151},[50,33367,155],{"class":64},[50,33369,33333],{"class":158},[50,33371,186],{"class":64},[20,33373,189],{},[41,33375,33377],{"className":43,"code":33376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33378,33379,33397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33380,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33382,17737],{"class":158},[50,33384,2182],{"class":64},[50,33386,413],{"class":68},[50,33388,8634],{"class":72},[50,33390,413],{"class":68},[50,33392,78],{"class":64},[50,33394,1336],{"class":111},[50,33396,2210],{"class":64},[50,33398,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33400,17737],{"class":158},[50,33402,2182],{"class":64},[50,33404,413],{"class":68},[50,33406,8634],{"class":72},[50,33408,413],{"class":68},[50,33410,78],{"class":64},[50,33412,1336],{"class":111},[50,33414,78],{"class":64},[50,33416,408],{"class":68},[50,33418,31332],{"class":72},[50,33420,413],{"class":68},[50,33422,2210],{"class":64},[20,33424,33425,33426,838],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33427,33428],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[41,33430,33432],{"className":43,"code":33431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33433,33434,33470,33489,33493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33435,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33437,1356],{"class":56},[50,33439,61],{"class":60},[50,33441,11191],{"class":64},[50,33443,69],{"class":68},[50,33445,178],{"class":72},[50,33447,69],{"class":68},[50,33449,1408],{"class":64},[50,33451,81],{"class":68},[50,33453,8634],{"class":72},[50,33455,69],{"class":68},[50,33457,78],{"class":64},[50,33459,81],{"class":68},[50,33461,1303],{"class":72},[50,33463,69],{"class":68},[50,33465,1408],{"class":64},[50,33467,1336],{"class":111},[50,33469,1445],{"class":64},[50,33471,33472,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33473,33474],{"class":56},"values_list ",[50,33476,61],{"class":60},[50,33478,1191],{"class":371},[50,33480,155],{"class":64},[50,33482,1386],{"class":158},[50,33484,838],{"class":64},[50,33486,6072],{"class":158},[50,33488,7908],{"class":64},[50,33490,33491],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33492,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33494,33495,33497,33499,33502],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33496,366],{"class":151},[50,33498,155],{"class":64},[50,33500,33501],{"class":158},"values_list",[50,33503,186],{"class":64},[20,33505,189],{},[41,33507,33509],{"className":43,"code":33508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33510,33511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33514,4620],{"class":64},[50,33516,413],{"class":68},[50,33518,8634],{"class":72},[50,33520,413],{"class":68},[50,33522,78],{"class":64},[50,33524,1336],{"class":111},[50,33526,98],{"class":64},[36,33528,12178],{"id":12177},[20,33530,33531],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[41,33533,33535],{"className":43,"code":33534,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33536,33537,33591,33595,33609,33613,33623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33538,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33572,33574,33576,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33540,25489],{"class":56},[50,33542,61],{"class":60},[50,33544,11191],{"class":64},[50,33546,69],{"class":68},[50,33548,25498],{"class":72},[50,33550,69],{"class":68},[50,33552,1408],{"class":64},[50,33554,81],{"class":68},[50,33556,25507],{"class":72},[50,33558,69],{"class":68},[50,33560,78],{"class":64},[50,33562,81],{"class":68},[50,33564,25516],{"class":72},[50,33566,69],{"class":68},[50,33568,1408],{"class":64},[50,33570,33571],{"class":111}," 2022",[50,33573,78],{"class":64},[50,33575,81],{"class":68},[50,33577,33578],{"class":72},"color",[50,33580,69],{"class":68},[50,33582,1408],{"class":64},[50,33584,81],{"class":68},[50,33586,13813],{"class":72},[50,33588,69],{"class":68},[50,33590,1445],{"class":64},[50,33592,33593],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33594,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33598,2954],{"class":56},[50,33600,61],{"class":60},[50,33602,25538],{"class":56},[50,33604,838],{"class":64},[50,33606,6072],{"class":158},[50,33608,9354],{"class":64},[50,33610,33611],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33612,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33614,33615,33617,33619,33621],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,33616,366],{"class":151},[50,33618,155],{"class":64},[50,33620,2989],{"class":158},[50,33622,186],{"class":64},[50,33624,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,33626,366],{"class":151},[50,33628,155],{"class":64},[50,33630,372],{"class":371},[50,33632,155],{"class":64},[50,33634,2989],{"class":158},[50,33636,1077],{"class":64},[20,33638,189],{},[41,33640,33642],{"className":43,"code":33641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33643,33644,33670],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33645,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33647,17737],{"class":158},[50,33649,2182],{"class":64},[50,33651,413],{"class":68},[50,33653,25507],{"class":72},[50,33655,413],{"class":68},[50,33657,78],{"class":64},[50,33659,33571],{"class":111},[50,33661,78],{"class":64},[50,33663,408],{"class":68},[50,33665,13813],{"class":72},[50,33667,413],{"class":68},[50,33669,2210],{"class":64},[50,33671,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33673,4620],{"class":64},[50,33675,413],{"class":68},[50,33677,25507],{"class":72},[50,33679,413],{"class":68},[50,33681,78],{"class":64},[50,33683,33571],{"class":111},[50,33685,78],{"class":64},[50,33687,408],{"class":68},[50,33689,13813],{"class":72},[50,33691,413],{"class":68},[50,33693,98],{"class":64},[20,33695,12387],{},[233,33697,33698,33704,33710,33718],{},[236,33699,33700,33703],{},[15,33701,33702],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[236,33705,33706,33709],{},[15,33707,33708],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[236,33711,33712,33715,33716,25310],{},[15,33713,33714],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33717,17737],{},[236,33719,33720,33723],{},[15,33721,33722],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[36,33725,33727],{"id":33726},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33729,33730,33731,26755],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33732,33],{},[41,33734,33736],{"className":43,"code":33735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33737,33738,33782,33786,33802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33739,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33741,104],{"class":56},[50,33743,61],{"class":60},[50,33745,11191],{"class":64},[50,33747,69],{"class":68},[50,33749,19115],{"class":72},[50,33751,69],{"class":68},[50,33753,1408],{"class":64},[50,33755,597],{"class":111},[50,33757,78],{"class":64},[50,33759,81],{"class":68},[50,33761,31840],{"class":72},[50,33763,69],{"class":68},[50,33765,1408],{"class":64},[50,33767,117],{"class":111},[50,33769,78],{"class":64},[50,33771,81],{"class":68},[50,33773,19124],{"class":72},[50,33775,69],{"class":68},[50,33777,1408],{"class":64},[50,33779,122],{"class":111},[50,33781,1445],{"class":64},[50,33783,33784],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33785,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33787,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33789,33],{"class":137},[50,33791,22283],{"class":56},[50,33793,148],{"class":137},[50,33795,164],{"class":56},[50,33797,838],{"class":64},[50,33799,6072],{"class":158},[50,33801,22294],{"class":64},[50,33803,33804,33806,33808,33810],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33805,173],{"class":151},[50,33807,155],{"class":64},[50,33809,3197],{"class":158},[50,33811,186],{"class":64},[20,33813,189],{},[41,33815,33817],{"className":43,"code":33816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33818,33819,33823,33827],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33820,33821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33822,202],{"class":111},[50,33824,33825],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33826,210],{"class":111},[50,33828,33829],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33830,218],{"class":111},[20,33832,18409],{},[233,33834,33835,33838,33841],{},[236,33836,33837],{},"You only need the values",[236,33839,33840],{},"You do not care about the keys",[236,33842,33843],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33845,33846,33847,3602,33851,838],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[335,33848,11438,33849,11442],{"href":17775},[15,33850,17778],{},[335,33852,23169],{"href":33853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[36,33855,33857],{"id":33856},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33859,221,33860,33862],{},[15,33861,33428],{}," when you need a list.",[41,33864,33866],{"className":43,"code":33865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33867,33868,33914,33918,33938,33942,33953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33869,33870,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33906,33908,33910,33912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33871,33872],{"class":56},"fruit_prices ",[50,33874,61],{"class":60},[50,33876,11191],{"class":64},[50,33878,69],{"class":68},[50,33880,4797],{"class":72},[50,33882,69],{"class":68},[50,33884,1408],{"class":64},[50,33886,314],{"class":111},[50,33888,78],{"class":64},[50,33890,81],{"class":68},[50,33892,4806],{"class":72},[50,33894,69],{"class":68},[50,33896,1408],{"class":64},[50,33898,6212],{"class":111},[50,33900,78],{"class":64},[50,33902,81],{"class":68},[50,33904,33905],{"class":72},"orange",[50,33907,69],{"class":68},[50,33909,1408],{"class":64},[50,33911,319],{"class":111},[50,33913,1445],{"class":64},[50,33915,33916],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33917,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33919,33920,33923,33925,33927,33929,33932,33934,33936],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,33921,33922],{"class":56},"price_list ",[50,33924,61],{"class":60},[50,33926,1191],{"class":371},[50,33928,155],{"class":64},[50,33930,33931],{"class":158},"fruit_prices",[50,33933,838],{"class":64},[50,33935,6072],{"class":158},[50,33937,7908],{"class":64},[50,33939,33940],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,33941,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,33943,33944,33946,33948,33951],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,33945,366],{"class":151},[50,33947,155],{"class":64},[50,33949,33950],{"class":158},"price_list",[50,33952,186],{"class":64},[50,33954,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,33956,366],{"class":151},[50,33958,155],{"class":64},[50,33960,33950],{"class":158},[50,33962,4620],{"class":64},[50,33964,2842],{"class":111},[50,33966,2210],{"class":64},[20,33968,189],{},[41,33970,33972],{"className":43,"code":33971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33973,33974,33990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33975,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33977,4620],{"class":64},[50,33979,422],{"class":111},[50,33981,78],{"class":64},[50,33983,6212],{"class":111},[50,33985,78],{"class":64},[50,33987,319],{"class":111},[50,33989,98],{"class":64},[50,33991,33992],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,33993,17756],{"class":111},[20,33995,33996],{},"This is helpful for:",[233,33998,33999,34002,34005],{},[236,34000,34001],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[236,34003,34004],{},"Accessing values by index",[236,34006,34007],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,34009,4644,34010,34012],{},[15,34011,17737],{}," is not the same as a list.",[36,34014,34016,11286,34018,11286,34020],{"id":34015},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,34017,17771],{},[15,34019,17765],{},[15,34021,17778],{},[20,34023,34024],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[233,34026,34027,34032,34037],{},[236,34028,34029,34031],{},[15,34030,17771],{}," returns only the values",[236,34033,34034,34036],{},[15,34035,17765],{}," returns only the keys",[236,34038,34039,34041],{},[15,34040,17778],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,34043,2848],{},[41,34045,34047],{"className":43,"code":34046,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,34048,34049,34085,34089,34103,34117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34050,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34052,13567],{"class":56},[50,34054,61],{"class":60},[50,34056,11191],{"class":64},[50,34058,69],{"class":68},[50,34060,178],{"class":72},[50,34062,69],{"class":68},[50,34064,1408],{"class":64},[50,34066,81],{"class":68},[50,34068,73],{"class":72},[50,34070,69],{"class":68},[50,34072,78],{"class":64},[50,34074,81],{"class":68},[50,34076,1303],{"class":72},[50,34078,69],{"class":68},[50,34080,1408],{"class":64},[50,34082,1873],{"class":111},[50,34084,1445],{"class":64},[50,34086,34087],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34088,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,34090,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34092,366],{"class":151},[50,34094,155],{"class":64},[50,34096,14327],{"class":158},[50,34098,838],{"class":64},[50,34100,1370],{"class":158},[50,34102,7908],{"class":64},[50,34104,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,34106,366],{"class":151},[50,34108,155],{"class":64},[50,34110,14327],{"class":158},[50,34112,838],{"class":64},[50,34114,6072],{"class":158},[50,34116,7908],{"class":64},[50,34118,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,34120,366],{"class":151},[50,34122,155],{"class":64},[50,34124,14327],{"class":158},[50,34126,838],{"class":64},[50,34128,8522],{"class":158},[50,34130,7908],{"class":64},[20,34132,189],{},[41,34134,34136],{"className":43,"code":34135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,34137,34138,34160,34178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34139,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34141,17714],{"class":158},[50,34143,2182],{"class":64},[50,34145,413],{"class":68},[50,34147,178],{"class":72},[50,34149,413],{"class":68},[50,34151,78],{"class":64},[50,34153,408],{"class":68},[50,34155,1303],{"class":72},[50,34157,413],{"class":68},[50,34159,2210],{"class":64},[50,34161,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34163,17737],{"class":158},[50,34165,2182],{"class":64},[50,34167,413],{"class":68},[50,34169,73],{"class":72},[50,34171,413],{"class":68},[50,34173,78],{"class":64},[50,34175,1873],{"class":111},[50,34177,2210],{"class":64},[50,34179,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34181,22606],{"class":158},[50,34183,10359],{"class":64},[50,34185,413],{"class":68},[50,34187,178],{"class":72},[50,34189,413],{"class":68},[50,34191,78],{"class":64},[50,34193,1873],{"class":111},[50,34195,11380],{"class":64},[20,34197,19393],{},[233,34199,34200,34207,34214],{},[236,34201,34202,34206],{},[335,34203,34204],{"href":17762},[15,34205,17765],{}," when you need just the keys",[236,34208,34209,34213],{},[335,34210,34211],{"href":17768},[15,34212,17771],{}," when you need just the values",[236,34215,34216,34220],{},[335,34217,34218],{"href":17775},[15,34219,17778],{}," when you need both",[36,34222,5238],{"id":5237},[20,34224,34225,34226,838],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34227,17771],{},[1112,34229,30339,34231,34233],{"id":34230},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34232,17771],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34235,34236,34238],{},[15,34237,17771],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34240,17344],{},[41,34242,34244],{"className":43,"code":34243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34245,34246,34266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34247,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34249,9020],{"class":56},[50,34251,61],{"class":60},[50,34253,65],{"class":64},[50,34255,309],{"class":111},[50,34257,78],{"class":64},[50,34259,314],{"class":111},[50,34261,78],{"class":64},[50,34263,319],{"class":111},[50,34265,98],{"class":64},[50,34267,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34269,366],{"class":151},[50,34271,155],{"class":64},[50,34273,9051],{"class":158},[50,34275,838],{"class":64},[50,34277,6072],{"class":158},[50,34279,7908],{"class":64},[20,34281,34282,34283,34285],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34284,17771],{}," method.",[20,34287,34288],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[41,34290,34292],{"className":43,"code":34291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34293,34294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34295,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34297,366],{"class":151},[50,34299,155],{"class":64},[50,34301,3945],{"class":371},[50,34303,155],{"class":64},[50,34305,9051],{"class":158},[50,34307,1077],{"class":64},[20,34309,34310,34311,34313,34314,838],{},"If you get an ",[15,34312,26362],{},", see ",[335,34315,26370,34316,34318],{"href":26369},[15,34317,26373],{}," errors",[1112,34320,5299,34322,34324],{"id":34321},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34323,17771],{}," returns a list",[20,34326,34327],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[41,34329,34331],{"className":43,"code":34330,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34332,34333,34369,34383,34387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34334,34335,34337,34339,34341,34343,34345,34347,34349,34351,34353,34355,34357,34359,34361,34363,34365,34367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34336,13567],{"class":56},[50,34338,61],{"class":60},[50,34340,11191],{"class":64},[50,34342,69],{"class":68},[50,34344,178],{"class":72},[50,34346,69],{"class":68},[50,34348,1408],{"class":64},[50,34350,81],{"class":68},[50,34352,73],{"class":72},[50,34354,69],{"class":68},[50,34356,78],{"class":64},[50,34358,81],{"class":68},[50,34360,1303],{"class":72},[50,34362,69],{"class":68},[50,34364,1408],{"class":64},[50,34366,1873],{"class":111},[50,34368,1445],{"class":64},[50,34370,34371,34373,34375,34377,34379,34381],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34372,1321],{"class":56},[50,34374,61],{"class":60},[50,34376,13609],{"class":56},[50,34378,838],{"class":64},[50,34380,6072],{"class":158},[50,34382,9354],{"class":64},[50,34384,34385],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34386,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,34388,34389,34391,34393,34395,34397,34399],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,34390,366],{"class":151},[50,34392,155],{"class":64},[50,34394,3945],{"class":371},[50,34396,155],{"class":64},[50,34398,6072],{"class":158},[50,34400,1077],{"class":64},[20,34402,189],{},[41,34404,34406],{"className":43,"code":34405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34407,34408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34409,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34411,4014],{"class":60},[50,34413,4017],{"class":752},[50,34415,408],{"class":68},[50,34417,17737],{"class":72},[50,34419,413],{"class":68},[50,34421,4026],{"class":60},[20,34423,5861,34424,34426],{},[15,34425,17737],{},", not a list.",[20,34428,34429],{},"If you need a list:",[41,34431,34433],{"className":43,"code":34432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34434,34435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34436,34437,34439,34441,34443,34445,34447,34449,34451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34438,1321],{"class":56},[50,34440,61],{"class":60},[50,34442,1191],{"class":371},[50,34444,155],{"class":64},[50,34446,14327],{"class":158},[50,34448,838],{"class":64},[50,34450,6072],{"class":158},[50,34452,7908],{"class":64},[1112,34454,34456,34457],{"id":34455},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34458,17737],{},[20,34460,34461],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[41,34463,34465],{"className":43,"code":34464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34466,34467,34503,34517,34521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34468,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34470,13567],{"class":56},[50,34472,61],{"class":60},[50,34474,11191],{"class":64},[50,34476,69],{"class":68},[50,34478,178],{"class":72},[50,34480,69],{"class":68},[50,34482,1408],{"class":64},[50,34484,81],{"class":68},[50,34486,73],{"class":72},[50,34488,69],{"class":68},[50,34490,78],{"class":64},[50,34492,81],{"class":68},[50,34494,1303],{"class":72},[50,34496,69],{"class":68},[50,34498,1408],{"class":64},[50,34500,1873],{"class":111},[50,34502,1445],{"class":64},[50,34504,34505,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34506,1321],{"class":56},[50,34508,61],{"class":60},[50,34510,13609],{"class":56},[50,34512,838],{"class":64},[50,34514,6072],{"class":158},[50,34516,9354],{"class":64},[50,34518,34519],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34520,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,34522,34523],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,34524,34525],{"class":4385},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34527,34528],{},"Convert to a list first:",[41,34530,34532],{"className":43,"code":34531,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34533,34534,34570,34588,34592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34535,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34537,13567],{"class":56},[50,34539,61],{"class":60},[50,34541,11191],{"class":64},[50,34543,69],{"class":68},[50,34545,178],{"class":72},[50,34547,69],{"class":68},[50,34549,1408],{"class":64},[50,34551,81],{"class":68},[50,34553,73],{"class":72},[50,34555,69],{"class":68},[50,34557,78],{"class":64},[50,34559,81],{"class":68},[50,34561,1303],{"class":72},[50,34563,69],{"class":68},[50,34565,1408],{"class":64},[50,34567,1873],{"class":111},[50,34569,1445],{"class":64},[50,34571,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34573,1321],{"class":56},[50,34575,61],{"class":60},[50,34577,1191],{"class":371},[50,34579,155],{"class":64},[50,34581,14327],{"class":158},[50,34583,838],{"class":64},[50,34585,6072],{"class":158},[50,34587,7908],{"class":64},[50,34589,34590],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34591,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,34593,34594,34596,34598,34600,34602,34604],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,34595,366],{"class":151},[50,34597,155],{"class":64},[50,34599,6072],{"class":158},[50,34601,4620],{"class":64},[50,34603,2842],{"class":111},[50,34605,2210],{"class":64},[1112,34607,2447,34609,11794,34611],{"id":34608},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34610,6072],{},[15,34612,17771],{},[20,34614,34615],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[41,34617,34619],{"className":43,"code":34618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34620,34621,34657,34661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34622,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34624,13567],{"class":56},[50,34626,61],{"class":60},[50,34628,11191],{"class":64},[50,34630,69],{"class":68},[50,34632,178],{"class":72},[50,34634,69],{"class":68},[50,34636,1408],{"class":64},[50,34638,81],{"class":68},[50,34640,73],{"class":72},[50,34642,69],{"class":68},[50,34644,78],{"class":64},[50,34646,81],{"class":68},[50,34648,1303],{"class":72},[50,34650,69],{"class":68},[50,34652,1408],{"class":64},[50,34654,1873],{"class":111},[50,34656,1445],{"class":64},[50,34658,34659],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34660,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,34662,34663,34665,34667,34669,34671,34673],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34664,366],{"class":151},[50,34666,155],{"class":64},[50,34668,14327],{"class":158},[50,34670,838],{"class":64},[50,34672,6072],{"class":25443},[50,34674,186],{"class":64},[20,34676,34677,34680],{},[15,34678,34679],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34682,19393],{},[41,34684,34686],{"className":43,"code":34685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34687,34688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34689,34690,34692,34694,34696,34698,34700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34691,366],{"class":151},[50,34693,155],{"class":64},[50,34695,14327],{"class":158},[50,34697,838],{"class":64},[50,34699,6072],{"class":158},[50,34701,7908],{"class":64},[1112,34703,34705],{"id":34704},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34707,34708],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[41,34710,34712],{"className":43,"code":34711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34713,34714,34746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34715,34716,34718,34720,34722,34724,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34717,1818],{"class":56},[50,34719,61],{"class":60},[50,34721,11191],{"class":64},[50,34723,69],{"class":68},[50,34725,335],{"class":72},[50,34727,69],{"class":68},[50,34729,1408],{"class":64},[50,34731,6212],{"class":111},[50,34733,78],{"class":64},[50,34735,81],{"class":68},[50,34737,344],{"class":72},[50,34739,69],{"class":68},[50,34741,1408],{"class":64},[50,34743,314],{"class":111},[50,34745,1445],{"class":64},[50,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34749,366],{"class":151},[50,34751,155],{"class":64},[50,34753,1845],{"class":158},[50,34755,838],{"class":64},[50,34757,6072],{"class":158},[50,34759,7908],{"class":64},[20,34761,34762],{},"Not like this:",[41,34764,34766],{"className":43,"code":34765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34767,34768,34773,34778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34769,34770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34771,34772],{"class":4385},"# Wrong examples:\n",[50,34774,34775],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34776,34777],{"class":4385},"# data().values()\n",[50,34779,34780],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34781,34782],{"class":4385},"# values(data)\n",[20,34784,4063],{},[41,34786,34788],{"className":43,"code":34787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34789,34790,34804,34814,34828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34791,34792,34794,34796,34798,34800,34802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34793,366],{"class":151},[50,34795,155],{"class":64},[50,34797,3945],{"class":371},[50,34799,155],{"class":64},[50,34801,12152],{"class":158},[50,34803,1077],{"class":64},[50,34805,34806,34808,34810,34812],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,34807,366],{"class":151},[50,34809,155],{"class":64},[50,34811,12152],{"class":158},[50,34813,186],{"class":64},[50,34815,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,34817,366],{"class":151},[50,34819,155],{"class":64},[50,34821,12152],{"class":158},[50,34823,838],{"class":64},[50,34825,6072],{"class":158},[50,34827,7908],{"class":64},[50,34829,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,34831,366],{"class":151},[50,34833,155],{"class":64},[50,34835,372],{"class":371},[50,34837,155],{"class":64},[50,34839,12152],{"class":158},[50,34841,838],{"class":64},[50,34843,6072],{"class":158},[50,34845,7003],{"class":64},[36,34847,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,34849,2559,34851,2562],{"id":34850},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34852,33007],{},[20,34854,18120,34855,34857],{},[15,34856,17737],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1112,34859,2569,34861,24624],{"id":34860},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34862,17771],{},[20,34864,24627,34865,24631],{},[15,34866,34867],{},"list(...)",[1112,34869,26747,34871,2582],{"id":34870},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34872,33007],{},[20,34874,34875,34876,26755],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34877,33],{},[1112,34879,2569,34881,34883],{"id":34880},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34882,33007],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34885,34886],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1112,34888,34890,34891,34893,34894,2582],{"id":34889},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34892,17771],{}," different from ",[15,34895,17778],{},[20,34897,34898,34900,34901,34903],{},[15,34899,17771],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34902,17778],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[36,34905,2610],{"id":2609},[233,34907,34908,34914,34920,34924,34930,34934],{},[236,34909,34910],{},[335,34911,11438,34912,11442],{"href":17762},[15,34913,17765],{},[236,34915,34916],{},[335,34917,11438,34918,11442],{"href":17775},[15,34919,17778],{},[236,34921,34922],{},[335,34923,11944],{"href":10092},[236,34925,34926],{},[335,34927,34929],{"href":34928},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[236,34931,34932],{},[335,34933,24709],{"href":33853},[236,34935,34936],{},[335,34937,31037,34938],{"href":26369},[15,34939,34940],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2640,34942,34943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":34945},[34946,34947,34949,34950,34952,34953,34954,34955,34957,34968,34980],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":33177,"depth":101,"text":34948},"What values() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":33247,"depth":101,"text":34951},"What values() returns",{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":33726,"depth":101,"text":33727},{"id":33856,"depth":101,"text":33857},{"id":34015,"depth":101,"text":34956},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":34958},[34959,34961,34963,34965,34967],{"id":34230,"depth":127,"text":34960},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34321,"depth":127,"text":34962},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34455,"depth":127,"text":34964},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34608,"depth":127,"text":34966},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34704,"depth":127,"text":34705},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":34969},[34970,34972,34974,34976,34978],{"id":34850,"depth":127,"text":34971},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34860,"depth":127,"text":34973},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34870,"depth":127,"text":34975},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34880,"depth":127,"text":34977},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34889,"depth":127,"text":34979},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32994,"description":34981},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34987,"title":34988,"body":34989,"description":36419,"extension":2687,"meta":36420,"navigation":130,"path":36421,"seo":36422,"stem":36423,"__hash__":36424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34990,"toc":36371},[34991,34997,35002,35005,35021,35030,35032,35064,35070,35073,35167,35170,35175,35180,35183,35194,35196,35210,35216,35218,35223,35229,35232,35271,35279,35284,35287,35332,35335,35347,35353,35359,35363,35396,35399,35417,35420,35424,35463,35465,35485,35488,35500,35505,35511,35514,35569,35572,35583,35586,35597,35600,35604,35610,35612,35642,35645,35660,35663,35666,35685,35688,35704,35713,35715,35746,35752,35757,35760,35767,35798,35801,35823,35826,35829,35843,35847,35878,35893,35900,35907,35911,35919,35923,35931,35934,35983,35994,35996,35999,36005,36010,36020,36024,36027,36030,36034,36037,36039,36060,36064,36070,36081,36087,36089,36095,36119,36122,36185,36188,36216,36219,36281,36283,36288,36291,36298,36306,36313,36316,36324,36330,36332,36359,36368],[10,34992,13,34994,18],{"id":34993},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34995,34996],{},"dir()",[20,34998,33004,34999,35001],{},[15,35000,34996],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,35003,35004],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[233,35006,35007,35010,35013,35018],{},[236,35008,35009],{},"learning Python",[236,35011,35012],{},"exploring a new object",[236,35014,35015,35016],{},"debugging an ",[15,35017,26362],{},[236,35019,35020],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,35022,35023,35024,35026,35027],{},"In short, ",[15,35025,34996],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[4465,35028,35029],{},"“What can I use here?”",[36,35031,39],{"id":38},[41,35033,35035],{"className":43,"code":35034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,35036,35037,35049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35038,35039,35041,35043,35045,35047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35040,8589],{"class":56},[50,35042,61],{"class":60},[50,35044,81],{"class":68},[50,35046,4568],{"class":72},[50,35048,4082],{"class":68},[50,35050,35051,35053,35055,35058,35060,35062],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35052,366],{"class":151},[50,35054,155],{"class":64},[50,35056,35057],{"class":151},"dir",[50,35059,155],{"class":64},[50,35061,178],{"class":158},[50,35063,1077],{"class":64},[20,35065,221,35066,35069],{},[15,35067,35068],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,35071,35072],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[41,35074,35076],{"className":43,"code":35075,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,35077,35078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35079,35080,35082,35084,35087,35089,35091,35093,35096,35098,35100,35102,35105,35107,35109,35111,35114,35116,35118,35120,35123,35125,35127,35129,35132,35134,35136,35139,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149,35151,35154,35156,35158,35160,35163,35165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35081,4620],{"class":64},[50,35083,413],{"class":68},[50,35085,35086],{"class":72},"__add__",[50,35088,413],{"class":68},[50,35090,78],{"class":64},[50,35092,408],{"class":68},[50,35094,35095],{"class":72},"__class__",[50,35097,413],{"class":68},[50,35099,78],{"class":64},[50,35101,408],{"class":68},[50,35103,35104],{"class":72},"__contains__",[50,35106,413],{"class":68},[50,35108,78],{"class":64},[50,35110,408],{"class":68},[50,35112,35113],{"class":72},"__delattr__",[50,35115,413],{"class":68},[50,35117,78],{"class":64},[50,35119,408],{"class":68},[50,35121,35122],{"class":72},"__dir__",[50,35124,413],{"class":68},[50,35126,78],{"class":64},[50,35128,408],{"class":68},[50,35130,35131],{"class":72},"__doc__",[50,35133,413],{"class":68},[50,35135,78],{"class":64},[50,35137,284],{"class":35138},"s_hVV",[50,35140,78],{"class":64},[50,35142,408],{"class":68},[50,35144,9351],{"class":72},[50,35146,413],{"class":68},[50,35148,78],{"class":64},[50,35150,408],{"class":68},[50,35152,35153],{"class":72},"split",[50,35155,413],{"class":68},[50,35157,78],{"class":64},[50,35159,408],{"class":68},[50,35161,35162],{"class":72},"upper",[50,35164,413],{"class":68},[50,35166,98],{"class":64},[20,35168,35169],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[36,35171,228,35173,231],{"id":35172},"what-dir-does",[15,35174,34996],{},[20,35176,35177,35179],{},[15,35178,34996],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35181,35182],{},"It usually includes:",[233,35184,35185,35188,35191],{},[236,35186,35187],{},"attributes",[236,35189,35190],{},"methods",[236,35192,35193],{},"special Python names",[20,35195,12161],{},[233,35197,35198,35204,35207],{},[236,35199,35200,35201],{},"The result is a ",[4465,35202,35203],{},"list of strings",[236,35205,35206],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[236,35208,35209],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35211,35212,35213,35215],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35214,34996],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[36,35217,256],{"id":255},[20,35219,35220,35222],{},[15,35221,34996],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1112,35224,35226,35228],{"id":35225},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35227,34996],{}," with no argument",[20,35230,35231],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[41,35233,35235],{"className":43,"code":35234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35236,35237,35245,35257,35261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35238,35239,35241,35243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35240,3747],{"class":56},[50,35242,61],{"class":60},[50,35244,3309],{"class":111},[50,35246,35247,35249,35251,35253,35255],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35248,8589],{"class":56},[50,35250,61],{"class":60},[50,35252,81],{"class":68},[50,35254,8390],{"class":72},[50,35256,4082],{"class":68},[50,35258,35259],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,35260,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35262,35263,35265,35267,35269],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,35264,366],{"class":151},[50,35266,155],{"class":64},[50,35268,35057],{"class":151},[50,35270,7908],{"class":64},[20,35272,35273,35274,827,35276,35278],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35275,2896],{},[15,35277,178],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1112,35280,35282],{"id":35281},"dirobject",[15,35283,35068],{},[20,35285,35286],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[41,35288,35290],{"className":43,"code":35289,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35291,35292,35310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35293,35294,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35295,366],{"class":151},[50,35297,155],{"class":64},[50,35299,35057],{"class":151},[50,35301,155],{"class":64},[50,35303,69],{"class":68},[50,35305,4568],{"class":72},[50,35307,69],{"class":68},[50,35309,1077],{"class":64},[50,35311,35312,35314,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326,35328,35330],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35313,366],{"class":151},[50,35315,155],{"class":64},[50,35317,35057],{"class":151},[50,35319,2182],{"class":64},[50,35321,309],{"class":111},[50,35323,78],{"class":64},[50,35325,314],{"class":111},[50,35327,78],{"class":64},[50,35329,319],{"class":111},[50,35331,3721],{"class":64},[20,35333,35334],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[233,35336,35337,35339,35341,35344],{},[236,35338,6022],{},[236,35340,6013],{},[236,35342,35343],{},"modules",[236,35345,35346],{},"custom objects",[36,35348,2447,35350,35352],{"id":35349},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35351,34996],{}," with a value",[20,35354,35355,35356,35358],{},"A common use of ",[15,35357,34996],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1112,35360,35362],{"id":35361},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[41,35364,35366],{"className":43,"code":35365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35367,35368,35381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35369,35370,35373,35375,35377,35379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35371,35372],{"class":56},"text ",[50,35374,61],{"class":60},[50,35376,81],{"class":68},[50,35378,4568],{"class":72},[50,35380,4082],{"class":68},[50,35382,35383,35385,35387,35389,35391,35394],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35384,366],{"class":151},[50,35386,155],{"class":64},[50,35388,35057],{"class":151},[50,35390,155],{"class":64},[50,35392,35393],{"class":158},"text",[50,35395,1077],{"class":64},[20,35397,35398],{},"You will see method names like:",[233,35400,35401,35405,35409,35413],{},[236,35402,35403],{},[15,35404,9351],{},[236,35406,35407],{},[15,35408,35162],{},[236,35410,35411],{},[15,35412,35153],{},[236,35414,35415],{},[15,35416,9345],{},[20,35418,35419],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1112,35421,35423],{"id":35422},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[41,35425,35427],{"className":43,"code":35426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35428,35429,35449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35430,35431,35433,35435,35437,35439,35441,35443,35445,35447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35432,302],{"class":56},[50,35434,61],{"class":60},[50,35436,65],{"class":64},[50,35438,309],{"class":111},[50,35440,78],{"class":64},[50,35442,314],{"class":111},[50,35444,78],{"class":64},[50,35446,319],{"class":111},[50,35448,98],{"class":64},[50,35450,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35452,366],{"class":151},[50,35454,155],{"class":64},[50,35456,35057],{"class":151},[50,35458,155],{"class":64},[50,35460,381],{"class":158},[50,35462,1077],{"class":64},[20,35464,35398],{},[233,35466,35467,35471,35475,35480],{},[236,35468,35469],{},[15,35470,14254],{},[236,35472,35473],{},[15,35474,26932],{},[236,35476,35477],{},[15,35478,35479],{},"remove",[236,35481,35482],{},[15,35483,35484],{},"sort",[20,35486,35487],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35489,35490,35491,35496,35497,35499],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[335,35492,35494],{"href":35493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35495,3026],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35498,34996],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[36,35501,2447,35503,35228],{"id":35502},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35504,34996],{},[20,35506,35507,35508,35510],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35509,34996],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35512,35513],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[41,35515,35517],{"className":43,"code":35516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35518,35519,35528,35532,35543,35555,35559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35520,35521,35523,35525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35522,3747],{"class":56},[50,35524,61],{"class":60},[50,35526,35527],{"class":111}," 5\n",[50,35529,35530],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35531,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35533,35534,35537,35541],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,35535,35536],{"class":752},"def",[50,35538,35540],{"class":35539},"sGLFI"," greet",[50,35542,22294],{"class":64},[50,35544,35545,35548,35550,35553],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,35546,35547],{"class":137},"    return",[50,35549,81],{"class":68},[50,35551,35552],{"class":72},"Hello",[50,35554,4082],{"class":68},[50,35556,35557],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,35558,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35560,35561,35563,35565,35567],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,35562,366],{"class":151},[50,35564,155],{"class":64},[50,35566,35057],{"class":151},[50,35568,7908],{"class":64},[20,35570,35571],{},"The output will include names like:",[233,35573,35574,35578],{},[236,35575,35576],{},[15,35577,2896],{},[236,35579,35580],{},[15,35581,35582],{},"greet",[20,35584,35585],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[233,35587,35588,35591,35594],{},[236,35589,35590],{},"what variables exist",[236,35592,35593],{},"what functions you have defined",[236,35595,35596],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35598,35599],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[36,35601,35603],{"id":35602},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35605,35606,35607,35609],{},"When you first use ",[15,35608,34996],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35611,2931],{},[41,35613,35614],{"className":43,"code":35365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,35615,35616,35628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35617,35618,35620,35622,35624,35626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35619,35372],{"class":56},[50,35621,61],{"class":60},[50,35623,81],{"class":68},[50,35625,4568],{"class":72},[50,35627,4082],{"class":68},[50,35629,35630,35632,35634,35636,35638,35640],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35631,366],{"class":151},[50,35633,155],{"class":64},[50,35635,35057],{"class":151},[50,35637,155],{"class":64},[50,35639,35393],{"class":158},[50,35641,1077],{"class":64},[20,35643,35644],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[233,35646,35647,35651,35655],{},[236,35648,35649],{},[15,35650,35095],{},[236,35652,35653],{},[15,35654,35131],{},[236,35656,35657],{},[15,35658,35659],{},"__len__",[20,35661,35662],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35664,35665],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[233,35667,35668,35672,35676,35680],{},[236,35669,35670],{},[15,35671,35162],{},[236,35673,35674],{},[15,35675,9351],{},[236,35677,35678],{},[15,35679,35153],{},[236,35681,35682],{},[15,35683,35684],{},"replace",[20,35686,35687],{},"A key point to remember:",[233,35689,35690,35698],{},[236,35691,35692,35694,35695],{},[15,35693,34996],{}," lists ",[4465,35696,35697],{},"names only",[236,35699,35700,35701,35703],{},"it does ",[4465,35702,5351],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35705,35706,35707,838],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[335,35708,35710],{"href":35709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35711,35712],{},"help()",[20,35714,6186],{},[41,35716,35718],{"className":43,"code":35717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35719,35720,35732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35721,35722,35724,35726,35728,35730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35723,8589],{"class":56},[50,35725,61],{"class":60},[50,35727,81],{"class":68},[50,35729,4568],{"class":72},[50,35731,4082],{"class":68},[50,35733,35734,35736,35738,35740,35742,35744],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35735,32840],{"class":151},[50,35737,155],{"class":64},[50,35739,178],{"class":158},[50,35741,838],{"class":64},[50,35743,35162],{"class":25443},[50,35745,186],{"class":64},[36,35747,35749,35751],{"id":35748},"dir-on-modules",[15,35750,34996],{}," on modules",[20,35753,16417,35754,35756],{},[15,35755,34996],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35758,35759],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1112,35761,35763,35764,35766],{"id":35762},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35765,19115],{}," module",[41,35768,35770],{"className":43,"code":35769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35771,35772,35780,35784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35773,35774,35777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35775,35776],{"class":137},"import",[50,35778,35779],{"class":56}," math\n",[50,35781,35782],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35783,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35785,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,35787,366],{"class":151},[50,35789,155],{"class":64},[50,35791,35057],{"class":151},[50,35793,155],{"class":64},[50,35795,19115],{"class":158},[50,35797,1077],{"class":64},[20,35799,35800],{},"You may see names like:",[233,35802,35803,35808,35813,35818],{},[236,35804,35805],{},[15,35806,35807],{},"sqrt",[236,35809,35810],{},[15,35811,35812],{},"ceil",[236,35814,35815],{},[15,35816,35817],{},"floor",[236,35819,35820],{},[15,35821,35822],{},"pi",[20,35824,35825],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35827,35828],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[233,35830,35831,35837],{},[236,35832,35833],{},[335,35834,35836],{"href":35835},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[236,35838,35839],{},[335,35840,35842],{"href":35841},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1112,35844,35846],{"id":35845},"another-example","Another example",[41,35848,35850],{"className":43,"code":35849,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35851,35852,35859,35863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35853,35854,35856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35855,35776],{"class":137},[50,35857,35858],{"class":56}," json\n",[50,35860,35861],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35862,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35864,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35876],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,35866,366],{"class":151},[50,35868,155],{"class":64},[50,35870,35057],{"class":151},[50,35872,155],{"class":64},[50,35874,35875],{"class":158},"json",[50,35877,1077],{"class":64},[20,35879,35880,35881,2912,35884,2912,35887,17772,35890,838],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35882,35883],{},"dump",[15,35885,35886],{},"dumps",[15,35888,35889],{},"load",[15,35891,35892],{},"loads",[36,35894,35896,11286,35898],{"id":35895},"dir-vs-help",[15,35897,34996],{},[15,35899,35712],{},[20,35901,35902,827,35904,35906],{},[15,35903,34996],{},[15,35905,35712],{}," are often used together.",[1112,35908,35909],{"id":35057},[15,35910,34996],{},[233,35912,35913,35916],{},[236,35914,35915],{},"shows available names",[236,35917,35918],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1112,35920,35921],{"id":32840},[15,35922,35712],{},[233,35924,35925,35928],{},[236,35926,35927],{},"explains what an object or function does",[236,35929,35930],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35932,35933],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[41,35935,35937],{"className":43,"code":35936,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35938,35939,35951,35955,35969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35940,35941,35943,35945,35947,35949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35942,8589],{"class":56},[50,35944,61],{"class":60},[50,35946,81],{"class":68},[50,35948,4568],{"class":72},[50,35950,4082],{"class":68},[50,35952,35953],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,35954,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,35956,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,35958,366],{"class":151},[50,35960,155],{"class":64},[50,35962,35057],{"class":151},[50,35964,155],{"class":64},[50,35966,178],{"class":158},[50,35968,1077],{"class":64},[50,35970,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,35972,32840],{"class":151},[50,35974,155],{"class":64},[50,35976,178],{"class":158},[50,35978,838],{"class":64},[50,35980,35162],{"class":25443},[50,35982,186],{"class":64},[20,35984,221,35985,35987,35988,35990,35991,35993],{},[15,35986,34996],{}," first to find a method name.",[10547,35989],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35992,35712],{}," to understand how to use it.",[36,35995,26048],{"id":26047},[20,35997,35998],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1112,36000,36002,36004],{"id":36001},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,36003,34996],{}," returns names, not values",[20,36006,36007,36009],{},[15,36008,34996],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,36011,36012,36013,36015,36016,36019],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,36014,35162],{}," in ",[15,36017,36018],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1112,36021,36023],{"id":36022},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,36025,36026],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,36028,36029],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1112,36031,36033],{"id":36032},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,36035,36036],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,36038,6186],{},[233,36040,36041,36046,36052],{},[236,36042,36043,36045],{},[15,36044,36018],{}," shows string-related names",[236,36047,36048,36051],{},[15,36049,36050],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[236,36053,36054,36057,36058,35766],{},[15,36055,36056],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,36059,19115],{},[1112,36061,36063],{"id":36062},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,36065,36066,36067,36069],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,36068,34996],{}," does not mean you already know:",[233,36071,36072,36075,36078],{},[236,36073,36074],{},"what it does",[236,36076,36077],{},"what arguments it needs",[236,36079,36080],{},"what it returns",[20,36082,36083,36084,36086],{},"That is why ",[15,36085,35712],{}," is the natural next step.",[36,36088,3553],{"id":3552},[20,36090,36091,36092,36094],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,36093,34996],{}," in these situations:",[233,36096,36097,36100,36109,36112],{},[236,36098,36099],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[236,36101,36102,36103,36108],{},"Seeing an ",[335,36104,36106],{"href":36105},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,36107,26362],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[236,36110,36111],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[236,36113,2447,36114,36116,36117],{},[15,36115,34996],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,36118,35712],{},[20,36120,36121],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[41,36123,36125],{"className":43,"code":36124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36126,36127,36139,36143,36157,36171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36128,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36130,8589],{"class":56},[50,36132,61],{"class":60},[50,36134,81],{"class":68},[50,36136,4568],{"class":72},[50,36138,4082],{"class":68},[50,36140,36141],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36142,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36144,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36146,366],{"class":151},[50,36148,155],{"class":64},[50,36150,3945],{"class":371},[50,36152,155],{"class":64},[50,36154,178],{"class":158},[50,36156,1077],{"class":64},[50,36158,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36160,366],{"class":151},[50,36162,155],{"class":64},[50,36164,35057],{"class":151},[50,36166,155],{"class":64},[50,36168,178],{"class":158},[50,36170,1077],{"class":64},[50,36172,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,36174,32840],{"class":151},[50,36176,155],{"class":64},[50,36178,178],{"class":158},[50,36180,838],{"class":64},[50,36182,35162],{"class":25443},[50,36184,186],{"class":64},[20,36186,36187],{},"And for modules:",[41,36189,36190],{"className":43,"code":35769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,36191,36192,36198,36202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36193,36194,36196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36195,35776],{"class":137},[50,36197,35779],{"class":56},[50,36199,36200],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36201,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36203,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36205,366],{"class":151},[50,36207,155],{"class":64},[50,36209,35057],{"class":151},[50,36211,155],{"class":64},[50,36213,19115],{"class":158},[50,36215,1077],{"class":64},[20,36217,36218],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[41,36220,36222],{"className":43,"code":36221,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36223,36224,36229,36241,36251,36265,36271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36225,36226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36227,36228],{"class":56},"python\n",[50,36230,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36232,8589],{"class":56},[50,36234,61],{"class":60},[50,36236,81],{"class":68},[50,36238,4568],{"class":72},[50,36240,4082],{"class":68},[50,36242,36243,36245,36247,36249],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36244,35057],{"class":151},[50,36246,155],{"class":64},[50,36248,178],{"class":158},[50,36250,186],{"class":64},[50,36252,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261,36263],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36254,32840],{"class":151},[50,36256,155],{"class":64},[50,36258,178],{"class":158},[50,36260,838],{"class":64},[50,36262,35162],{"class":25443},[50,36264,186],{"class":64},[50,36266,36267,36269],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,36268,35776],{"class":137},[50,36270,35779],{"class":56},[50,36272,36273,36275,36277,36279],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,36274,35057],{"class":151},[50,36276,155],{"class":64},[50,36278,19115],{"class":158},[50,36280,186],{"class":64},[36,36282,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,36284,2559,36286,2562],{"id":36285},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36287,34996],{},[20,36289,36290],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1112,36292,5893,36294,827,36296,2582],{"id":36293},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36295,34996],{},[15,36297,35712],{},[20,36299,36300,36302,36303,36305],{},[15,36301,34996],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36304,35712],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1112,36307,36309,36310,36312],{"id":36308},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36311,34996],{}," output?",[20,36314,36315],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1112,36317,5883,36319,36321,36322,2582],{"id":36318},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36320,34996],{}," help fix ",[15,36323,26362],{},[20,36325,36326,36327,838],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[335,36328,36329],{"href":36105},"object has no attribute",[36,36331,2610],{"id":2609},[233,36333,36334,36340,36345,36349,36353],{},[236,36335,36336],{},[335,36337,13,36338,2551],{"href":35709},[15,36339,35712],{},[236,36341,36342],{},[335,36343,36344],{"href":36105},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[236,36346,36347],{},[335,36348,35836],{"href":35835},[236,36350,36351],{},[335,36352,35842],{"href":35841},[236,36354,36355],{},[335,36356,13,36357,2551],{"href":35493},[15,36358,3026],{},[20,36360,36361,36362,36364,36365,36367],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36363,34996],{}," together with ",[15,36366,35712],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2640,36369,36370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":36372},[36373,36374,36376,36381,36386,36388,36389,36395,36400,36407,36408,36418],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":35172,"depth":101,"text":36375},"What dir() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":36377},[36378,36380],{"id":35225,"depth":127,"text":36379},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35281,"depth":127,"text":35068},{"id":35349,"depth":101,"text":36382,"children":36383},"Using dir() with a value",[36384,36385],{"id":35361,"depth":127,"text":35362},{"id":35422,"depth":127,"text":35423},{"id":35502,"depth":101,"text":36387},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35602,"depth":101,"text":35603},{"id":35748,"depth":101,"text":36390,"children":36391},"dir() on modules",[36392,36394],{"id":35762,"depth":127,"text":36393},"Example: math module",{"id":35845,"depth":127,"text":35846},{"id":35895,"depth":101,"text":36396,"children":36397},"dir() vs help()",[36398,36399],{"id":35057,"depth":127,"text":34996},{"id":32840,"depth":127,"text":35712},{"id":26047,"depth":101,"text":26048,"children":36401},[36402,36404,36405,36406],{"id":36001,"depth":127,"text":36403},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":36022,"depth":127,"text":36023},{"id":36032,"depth":127,"text":36033},{"id":36062,"depth":127,"text":36063},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":36409},[36410,36412,36414,36416],{"id":36285,"depth":127,"text":36411},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36293,"depth":127,"text":36413},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36308,"depth":127,"text":36415},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36318,"depth":127,"text":36417},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34988,"description":36419},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36426,"title":36427,"body":36428,"description":38237,"extension":2687,"meta":38238,"navigation":130,"path":38239,"seo":38240,"stem":38241,"__hash__":38242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36429,"toc":38206},[36430,36435,36440,36443,36451,36457,36459,36536,36538,36564,36569,36574,36579,36582,36593,36596,36598,36672,36674,36700,36707,36709,36711,36736,36739,36752,36757,36759,36839,36841,36867,36876,36881,36889,36895,36902,36905,36907,36986,36989,37046,37048,37085,37091,37096,37101,37104,37118,37120,37223,37225,37268,37277,37286,37293,37299,37306,37389,37391,37414,37417,37420,37422,37426,37430,37433,37496,37519,37522,37526,37532,37534,37601,37604,37681,37686,37692,37695,37698,37744,37746,37770,37775,37779,37784,37790,37853,37856,37858,37861,37886,37889,38024,38026,38127,38129,38134,38137,38143,38153,38161,38166,38172,38178,38180,38203],[10,36431,13,36433,18],{"id":36432},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36434,2453],{},[20,36436,36437,36439],{},[15,36438,2453],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36441,36442],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[233,36444,36445,36448],{},[236,36446,36447],{},"the item itself",[236,36449,36450],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36452,36453,36454,36456],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36455,2453],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[36,36458,39],{"id":38},[41,36460,36462],{"className":43,"code":36461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36463,36464,36496,36500,36521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36465,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36467,13779],{"class":56},[50,36469,61],{"class":60},[50,36471,65],{"class":64},[50,36473,69],{"class":68},[50,36475,13796],{"class":72},[50,36477,69],{"class":68},[50,36479,78],{"class":64},[50,36481,81],{"class":68},[50,36483,18154],{"class":72},[50,36485,69],{"class":68},[50,36487,78],{"class":64},[50,36489,81],{"class":68},[50,36491,13813],{"class":72},[50,36493,69],{"class":68},[50,36495,98],{"class":64},[50,36497,36498],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36499,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36501,36502,36504,36506,36508,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36503,33],{"class":137},[50,36505,2511],{"class":56},[50,36507,78],{"class":64},[50,36509,36510],{"class":56}," color ",[50,36512,148],{"class":137},[50,36514,2521],{"class":151},[50,36516,155],{"class":64},[50,36518,18201],{"class":158},[50,36520,167],{"class":64},[50,36522,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36534],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36524,173],{"class":151},[50,36526,155],{"class":64},[50,36528,2536],{"class":158},[50,36530,78],{"class":64},[50,36532,36533],{"class":158}," color",[50,36535,186],{"class":64},[20,36537,189],{},[41,36539,36541],{"className":43,"code":36540,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36542,36543,36550,36557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36544,36545,36547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36546,2842],{"class":111},[50,36548,36549],{"class":56}," red\n",[50,36551,36552,36554],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36553,309],{"class":111},[50,36555,36556],{"class":56}," green\n",[50,36558,36559,36561],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36560,422],{"class":111},[50,36562,36563],{"class":56}," blue\n",[20,36565,221,36566,36568],{},[15,36567,2453],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[36,36570,228,36572,231],{"id":36571},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36573,2453],{},[20,36575,36576,36578],{},[15,36577,2453],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36580,36581],{},"It is commonly used with:",[233,36583,36584,36586,36588,36590],{},[236,36585,6013],{},[236,36587,6016],{},[236,36589,6022],{},[236,36591,36592],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36594,36595],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36597,2931],{},[41,36599,36600],{"className":43,"code":2466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,36601,36602,36634,36638,36658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36603,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36605,57],{"class":56},[50,36607,61],{"class":60},[50,36609,65],{"class":64},[50,36611,69],{"class":68},[50,36613,73],{"class":72},[50,36615,69],{"class":68},[50,36617,78],{"class":64},[50,36619,81],{"class":68},[50,36621,84],{"class":72},[50,36623,69],{"class":68},[50,36625,78],{"class":64},[50,36627,81],{"class":68},[50,36629,93],{"class":72},[50,36631,69],{"class":68},[50,36633,98],{"class":64},[50,36635,36636],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36637,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36639,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36641,33],{"class":137},[50,36643,2511],{"class":56},[50,36645,78],{"class":64},[50,36647,2516],{"class":56},[50,36649,148],{"class":137},[50,36651,2521],{"class":151},[50,36653,155],{"class":64},[50,36655,159],{"class":158},[50,36657,167],{"class":64},[50,36659,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36661,173],{"class":151},[50,36663,155],{"class":64},[50,36665,2536],{"class":158},[50,36667,78],{"class":64},[50,36669,140],{"class":158},[50,36671,186],{"class":64},[20,36673,189],{},[41,36675,36677],{"className":43,"code":36676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36678,36679,36686,36693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36680,36681,36683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36682,2842],{"class":111},[50,36684,36685],{"class":56}," Ana\n",[50,36687,36688,36690],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36689,309],{"class":111},[50,36691,36692],{"class":56}," Ben\n",[50,36694,36695,36697],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36696,422],{"class":111},[50,36698,36699],{"class":56}," Cara\n",[20,36701,36702,36703,838],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[335,36704,36706],{"href":36705},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[36,36708,256],{"id":255},[20,36710,2882],{},[41,36712,36714],{"className":43,"code":36713,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36715,36716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36717,36718,36721,36723,36725,36727,36730,36732,36734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36719,36720],{"class":151},"enumerate",[50,36722,155],{"class":64},[50,36724,4442],{"class":158},[50,36726,78],{"class":64},[50,36728,36729],{"class":9886}," start",[50,36731,61],{"class":60},[50,36733,2842],{"class":111},[50,36735,186],{"class":64},[20,36737,36738],{},"It has two parts:",[233,36740,36741,36746],{},[236,36742,36743,36745],{},[15,36744,4442],{},": the object you want to loop through",[236,36747,36748,36751],{},[15,36749,36750],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36753,36754,36755,838],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36756,2842],{},[20,36758,2931],{},[41,36760,36762],{"className":43,"code":36761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36763,36764,36796,36800,36823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36765,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36767,326],{"class":56},[50,36769,61],{"class":60},[50,36771,65],{"class":64},[50,36773,69],{"class":68},[50,36775,335],{"class":72},[50,36777,69],{"class":68},[50,36779,78],{"class":64},[50,36781,81],{"class":68},[50,36783,344],{"class":72},[50,36785,69],{"class":68},[50,36787,78],{"class":64},[50,36789,81],{"class":68},[50,36791,353],{"class":72},[50,36793,69],{"class":68},[50,36795,98],{"class":64},[50,36797,36798],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36799,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36801,36802,36804,36807,36809,36812,36814,36816,36818,36821],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36803,33],{"class":137},[50,36805,36806],{"class":56}," i",[50,36808,78],{"class":64},[50,36810,36811],{"class":56}," letter ",[50,36813,148],{"class":137},[50,36815,2521],{"class":151},[50,36817,155],{"class":64},[50,36819,36820],{"class":158},"letters",[50,36822,167],{"class":64},[50,36824,36825,36827,36829,36832,36834,36837],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36826,173],{"class":151},[50,36828,155],{"class":64},[50,36830,36831],{"class":158},"i",[50,36833,78],{"class":64},[50,36835,36836],{"class":158}," letter",[50,36838,186],{"class":64},[20,36840,189],{},[41,36842,36844],{"className":43,"code":36843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36845,36846,36853,36860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36847,36848,36850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36849,2842],{"class":111},[50,36851,36852],{"class":56}," a\n",[50,36854,36855,36857],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36856,309],{"class":111},[50,36858,36859],{"class":56}," b\n",[50,36861,36862,36864],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36863,422],{"class":111},[50,36865,36866],{"class":56}," c\n",[20,36868,36869,36870,838],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[335,36871,13,36873,2551],{"href":36872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36874,36875],{},"range()",[36,36877,228,36879,12409],{"id":36878},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36880,2453],{},[20,36882,36883,36885,36886,838],{},[15,36884,2453],{}," returns an ",[4465,36887,36888],{},"enumerate object",[20,36890,36891,36892,36894],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36893,33],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[233,36896,36897],{},[236,36898,36899],{},[15,36900,36901],{},"(index, item)",[20,36903,36904],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36906,2931],{},[41,36908,36910],{"className":43,"code":36909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36911,36912,36945,36949,36971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36913,36914,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36915,36916],{"class":56},"fruits ",[50,36918,61],{"class":60},[50,36920,65],{"class":64},[50,36922,69],{"class":68},[50,36924,4797],{"class":72},[50,36926,69],{"class":68},[50,36928,78],{"class":64},[50,36930,81],{"class":68},[50,36932,4806],{"class":72},[50,36934,69],{"class":68},[50,36936,78],{"class":64},[50,36938,81],{"class":68},[50,36940,33905],{"class":72},[50,36942,69],{"class":68},[50,36944,98],{"class":64},[50,36946,36947],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,36948,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,36950,36951,36953,36955,36957,36960,36962,36964,36966,36969],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,36952,33],{"class":137},[50,36954,2511],{"class":56},[50,36956,78],{"class":64},[50,36958,36959],{"class":56}," fruit ",[50,36961,148],{"class":137},[50,36963,2521],{"class":151},[50,36965,155],{"class":64},[50,36967,36968],{"class":158},"fruits",[50,36970,167],{"class":64},[50,36972,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36984],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,36974,173],{"class":151},[50,36976,155],{"class":64},[50,36978,2536],{"class":158},[50,36980,78],{"class":64},[50,36982,36983],{"class":158}," fruit",[50,36985,186],{"class":64},[20,36987,36988],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[41,36990,36992],{"className":43,"code":36991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36993,36994,37014,37018,37036],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36995,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36997,302],{"class":56},[50,36999,61],{"class":60},[50,37001,65],{"class":64},[50,37003,1868],{"class":111},[50,37005,78],{"class":64},[50,37007,1873],{"class":111},[50,37009,78],{"class":64},[50,37011,1878],{"class":111},[50,37013,98],{"class":64},[50,37015,37016],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37017,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37019,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37021,2954],{"class":56},[50,37023,61],{"class":60},[50,37025,1191],{"class":371},[50,37027,155],{"class":64},[50,37029,36720],{"class":151},[50,37031,155],{"class":64},[50,37033,381],{"class":158},[50,37035,1077],{"class":64},[50,37037,37038,37040,37042,37044],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37039,366],{"class":151},[50,37041,155],{"class":64},[50,37043,2989],{"class":158},[50,37045,186],{"class":64},[20,37047,189],{},[41,37049,37051],{"className":43,"code":37050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,37052,37053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37054,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37056,401],{"class":64},[50,37058,2842],{"class":111},[50,37060,78],{"class":64},[50,37062,6717],{"class":111},[50,37064,416],{"class":64},[50,37066,419],{"class":64},[50,37068,309],{"class":111},[50,37070,78],{"class":64},[50,37072,1873],{"class":111},[50,37074,416],{"class":64},[50,37076,419],{"class":64},[50,37078,422],{"class":111},[50,37080,78],{"class":64},[50,37082,1878],{"class":111},[50,37084,448],{"class":64},[20,37086,37087,37088,37090],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,37089,2453],{}," produces.",[36,37092,5681,37094],{"id":37093},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,37095,2453],{},[20,37097,221,37098,37100],{},[15,37099,2453],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,37102,37103],{},"Common cases:",[233,37105,37106,37109,37112,37115],{},[236,37107,37108],{},"printing numbered output",[236,37110,37111],{},"building menus",[236,37113,37114],{},"showing positions in a list",[236,37116,37117],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,37119,2931],{},[41,37121,37123],{"className":43,"code":37122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,37124,37125,37160,37164,37194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37126,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37138,37140,37142,37144,37147,37149,37151,37153,37156,37158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37128,30587],{"class":56},[50,37130,61],{"class":60},[50,37132,65],{"class":64},[50,37134,69],{"class":68},[50,37136,37137],{"class":72},"Wash dishes",[50,37139,69],{"class":68},[50,37141,78],{"class":64},[50,37143,81],{"class":68},[50,37145,37146],{"class":72},"Study Python",[50,37148,69],{"class":68},[50,37150,78],{"class":64},[50,37152,81],{"class":68},[50,37154,37155],{"class":72},"Go for a walk",[50,37157,69],{"class":68},[50,37159,98],{"class":64},[50,37161,37162],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37163,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37165,37166,37168,37170,37172,37175,37177,37179,37181,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37167,33],{"class":137},[50,37169,2920],{"class":56},[50,37171,78],{"class":64},[50,37173,37174],{"class":56}," task ",[50,37176,148],{"class":137},[50,37178,2521],{"class":151},[50,37180,155],{"class":64},[50,37182,37183],{"class":158},"tasks",[50,37185,78],{"class":64},[50,37187,36729],{"class":9886},[50,37189,61],{"class":60},[50,37191,309],{"class":111},[50,37193,167],{"class":64},[50,37195,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37217,37219,37221],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37197,173],{"class":151},[50,37199,155],{"class":64},[50,37201,753],{"class":752},[50,37203,69],{"class":72},[50,37205,758],{"class":111},[50,37207,2964],{"class":158},[50,37209,763],{"class":111},[50,37211,29004],{"class":72},[50,37213,758],{"class":111},[50,37215,37216],{"class":158},"task",[50,37218,763],{"class":111},[50,37220,69],{"class":72},[50,37222,186],{"class":64},[20,37224,189],{},[41,37226,37228],{"className":43,"code":37227,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37229,37230,37242,37254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37231,37232,37234,37236,37239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37233,309],{"class":111},[50,37235,838],{"class":64},[50,37237,37238],{"class":25443}," Wash",[50,37240,37241],{"class":56}," dishes\n",[50,37243,37244,37246,37248,37251],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37245,422],{"class":111},[50,37247,838],{"class":64},[50,37249,37250],{"class":25443}," Study",[50,37252,37253],{"class":56}," Python\n",[50,37255,37256,37258,37260,37263,37265],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37257,437],{"class":111},[50,37259,838],{"class":64},[50,37261,37262],{"class":25443}," Go",[50,37264,4599],{"class":137},[50,37266,37267],{"class":56}," a walk\n",[20,37269,37270,37271,37273,37274,838],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37272,2453],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37275,37276],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37278,2106,37279,838],{},[335,37280,37282,37283,37285],{"href":37281},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37284,2453],{}," in Python",[36,37287,37289,37290,37292],{"id":37288},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37291,36750],{}," argument",[20,37294,37295,37296,37298],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37297,36750],{}," argument.",[20,37300,37301,37302,11794,37304,1408],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37303,309],{},[15,37305,2842],{},[41,37307,37309],{"className":43,"code":37308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37310,37311,37343,37347,37375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37312,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37314,13779],{"class":56},[50,37316,61],{"class":60},[50,37318,65],{"class":64},[50,37320,69],{"class":68},[50,37322,13796],{"class":72},[50,37324,69],{"class":68},[50,37326,78],{"class":64},[50,37328,81],{"class":68},[50,37330,18154],{"class":72},[50,37332,69],{"class":68},[50,37334,78],{"class":64},[50,37336,81],{"class":68},[50,37338,13813],{"class":72},[50,37340,69],{"class":68},[50,37342,98],{"class":64},[50,37344,37345],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37346,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37348,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37350,33],{"class":137},[50,37352,2511],{"class":56},[50,37354,78],{"class":64},[50,37356,36510],{"class":56},[50,37358,148],{"class":137},[50,37360,2521],{"class":151},[50,37362,155],{"class":64},[50,37364,18201],{"class":158},[50,37366,78],{"class":64},[50,37368,36729],{"class":9886},[50,37370,61],{"class":60},[50,37372,309],{"class":111},[50,37374,167],{"class":64},[50,37376,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37378,173],{"class":151},[50,37380,155],{"class":64},[50,37382,2536],{"class":158},[50,37384,78],{"class":64},[50,37386,36533],{"class":158},[50,37388,186],{"class":64},[20,37390,189],{},[41,37392,37394],{"className":43,"code":37393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37395,37396,37402,37408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37397,37398,37400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37399,309],{"class":111},[50,37401,36549],{"class":56},[50,37403,37404,37406],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37405,422],{"class":111},[50,37407,36556],{"class":56},[50,37409,37410,37412],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37411,437],{"class":111},[50,37413,36563],{"class":56},[20,37415,37416],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37418,37419],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[36,37421,26048],{"id":26047},[20,37423,26051,37424,838],{},[15,37425,2453],{},[1112,37427,37429],{"id":37428},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37431,37432],{},"In this loop:",[41,37434,37436],{"className":43,"code":37435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37437,37438,37458,37462,37482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37439,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37441,302],{"class":56},[50,37443,61],{"class":60},[50,37445,65],{"class":64},[50,37447,1868],{"class":111},[50,37449,78],{"class":64},[50,37451,1873],{"class":111},[50,37453,78],{"class":64},[50,37455,1878],{"class":111},[50,37457,98],{"class":64},[50,37459,37460],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37461,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37463,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37465,33],{"class":137},[50,37467,2511],{"class":56},[50,37469,78],{"class":64},[50,37471,22283],{"class":56},[50,37473,148],{"class":137},[50,37475,2521],{"class":151},[50,37477,155],{"class":64},[50,37479,381],{"class":158},[50,37481,167],{"class":64},[50,37483,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37485,173],{"class":151},[50,37487,155],{"class":64},[50,37489,2536],{"class":158},[50,37491,78],{"class":64},[50,37493,9144],{"class":158},[50,37495,186],{"class":64},[233,37497,37498,37508],{},[236,37499,37500,5503,37502,2912,37504,2912,37506],{},[15,37501,2536],{},[15,37503,2842],{},[15,37505,309],{},[15,37507,422],{},[236,37509,37510,5503,37512,2912,37514,2912,37516],{},[15,37511,3197],{},[15,37513,1868],{},[15,37515,16457],{},[15,37517,37518],{},"30",[20,37520,37521],{},"These are different things.",[1112,37523,37525],{"id":37524},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37527,37528,37529,37531],{},"Each item from ",[15,37530,2453],{}," is a pair.",[20,37533,7401],{},[41,37535,37537],{"className":43,"code":37536,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37538,37539,37563,37567,37587],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37540,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37542,8493],{"class":56},[50,37544,61],{"class":60},[50,37546,65],{"class":64},[50,37548,69],{"class":68},[50,37550,2896],{"class":72},[50,37552,69],{"class":68},[50,37554,78],{"class":64},[50,37556,81],{"class":68},[50,37558,12449],{"class":72},[50,37560,69],{"class":68},[50,37562,98],{"class":64},[50,37564,37565],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37566,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37568,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37570,33],{"class":137},[50,37572,36806],{"class":56},[50,37574,78],{"class":64},[50,37576,2221],{"class":56},[50,37578,148],{"class":137},[50,37580,2521],{"class":151},[50,37582,155],{"class":64},[50,37584,8522],{"class":158},[50,37586,167],{"class":64},[50,37588,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37590,173],{"class":151},[50,37592,155],{"class":64},[50,37594,36831],{"class":158},[50,37596,78],{"class":64},[50,37598,30196],{"class":158},[50,37600,186],{"class":64},[20,37602,37603],{},"But this causes an error:",[41,37605,37607],{"className":43,"code":37606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37608,37609,37633,37637,37662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37610,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37612,8493],{"class":56},[50,37614,61],{"class":60},[50,37616,65],{"class":64},[50,37618,69],{"class":68},[50,37620,2896],{"class":72},[50,37622,69],{"class":68},[50,37624,78],{"class":64},[50,37626,81],{"class":68},[50,37628,12449],{"class":72},[50,37630,69],{"class":68},[50,37632,98],{"class":64},[50,37634,37635],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37636,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37638,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37640,33],{"class":137},[50,37642,36806],{"class":56},[50,37644,78],{"class":64},[50,37646,30196],{"class":56},[50,37648,78],{"class":64},[50,37650,37651],{"class":56}," extra ",[50,37653,148],{"class":137},[50,37655,2521],{"class":151},[50,37657,155],{"class":64},[50,37659,8522],{"class":158},[50,37661,167],{"class":64},[50,37663,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37679],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37665,173],{"class":151},[50,37667,155],{"class":64},[50,37669,36831],{"class":158},[50,37671,78],{"class":64},[50,37673,30196],{"class":158},[50,37675,78],{"class":64},[50,37677,37678],{"class":158}," extra",[50,37680,186],{"class":64},[20,37682,1107,37683,37685],{},[15,37684,2453],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1112,37687,37689,37691],{"id":37688},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37690,2453],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37693,37694],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37696,37697],{},"Example with a string:",[41,37699,37701],{"className":43,"code":37700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37702,37703,37729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37704,37705,37707,37709,37711,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37725,37727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37706,33],{"class":137},[50,37708,2511],{"class":56},[50,37710,78],{"class":64},[50,37712,37713],{"class":56}," char ",[50,37715,148],{"class":137},[50,37717,2521],{"class":151},[50,37719,155],{"class":64},[50,37721,69],{"class":68},[50,37723,37724],{"class":72},"cat",[50,37726,69],{"class":68},[50,37728,167],{"class":64},[50,37730,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37742],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37732,173],{"class":151},[50,37734,155],{"class":64},[50,37736,2536],{"class":158},[50,37738,78],{"class":64},[50,37740,37741],{"class":158}," char",[50,37743,186],{"class":64},[20,37745,189],{},[41,37747,37749],{"className":43,"code":37748,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37750,37751,37757,37763],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37752,37753,37755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37754,2842],{"class":111},[50,37756,36866],{"class":56},[50,37758,37759,37761],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37760,309],{"class":111},[50,37762,36852],{"class":56},[50,37764,37765,37767],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37766,422],{"class":111},[50,37768,37769],{"class":56}," t\n",[20,37771,37772,37773,838],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[335,37774,1612],{"href":1611},[1112,37776,37778],{"id":37777},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37780,37781,37782,838],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37783,2453],{},[20,37785,37786,37787,37789],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37788,33],{}," loop:",[41,37791,37793],{"className":43,"code":37792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37794,37795,37827,37831,37843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37796,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37798,13779],{"class":56},[50,37800,61],{"class":60},[50,37802,65],{"class":64},[50,37804,69],{"class":68},[50,37806,13796],{"class":72},[50,37808,69],{"class":68},[50,37810,78],{"class":64},[50,37812,81],{"class":68},[50,37814,18154],{"class":72},[50,37816,69],{"class":68},[50,37818,78],{"class":64},[50,37820,81],{"class":68},[50,37822,13813],{"class":72},[50,37824,69],{"class":68},[50,37826,98],{"class":64},[50,37828,37829],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37830,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,37832,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37834,33],{"class":137},[50,37836,36510],{"class":56},[50,37838,148],{"class":137},[50,37840,13827],{"class":56},[50,37842,2229],{"class":64},[50,37844,37845,37847,37849,37851],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37846,173],{"class":151},[50,37848,155],{"class":64},[50,37850,33578],{"class":158},[50,37852,186],{"class":64},[20,37854,37855],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[36,37857,3553],{"id":3552},[20,37859,37860],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[233,37862,37863,37868,37874,37879],{},[236,37864,23794,37865,37867],{},[15,37866,2453],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[236,37869,37870,37871,37873],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37872,2842],{}," by default",[236,37875,2447,37876,37878],{},[15,37877,2453],{}," when only values are needed",[236,37880,37881,37882,9416,37884],{},"Confusing ",[15,37883,2453],{},[15,37885,36875],{},[20,37887,37888],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[41,37890,37892],{"className":43,"code":37891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37893,37894,37916,37943,37977,38010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37895,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37897,366],{"class":151},[50,37899,155],{"class":64},[50,37901,36720],{"class":151},[50,37903,2182],{"class":64},[50,37905,1868],{"class":111},[50,37907,78],{"class":64},[50,37909,1873],{"class":111},[50,37911,78],{"class":64},[50,37913,1878],{"class":111},[50,37915,3721],{"class":64},[50,37917,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,37919,366],{"class":151},[50,37921,155],{"class":64},[50,37923,372],{"class":371},[50,37925,155],{"class":64},[50,37927,36720],{"class":151},[50,37929,2182],{"class":64},[50,37931,1868],{"class":111},[50,37933,78],{"class":64},[50,37935,1873],{"class":111},[50,37937,78],{"class":64},[50,37939,1878],{"class":111},[50,37941,37942],{"class":64},"])))\n",[50,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,37946,366],{"class":151},[50,37948,155],{"class":64},[50,37950,372],{"class":371},[50,37952,155],{"class":64},[50,37954,36720],{"class":151},[50,37956,2182],{"class":64},[50,37958,1868],{"class":111},[50,37960,78],{"class":64},[50,37962,1873],{"class":111},[50,37964,78],{"class":64},[50,37966,1878],{"class":111},[50,37968,2191],{"class":64},[50,37970,36729],{"class":9886},[50,37972,61],{"class":60},[50,37974,309],{"class":111},[50,37976,389],{"class":64},[50,37978,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,37980,33],{"class":137},[50,37982,36806],{"class":56},[50,37984,78],{"class":64},[50,37986,22283],{"class":56},[50,37988,148],{"class":137},[50,37990,2521],{"class":151},[50,37992,2182],{"class":64},[50,37994,413],{"class":68},[50,37996,335],{"class":72},[50,37998,413],{"class":68},[50,38000,78],{"class":64},[50,38002,408],{"class":68},[50,38004,344],{"class":72},[50,38006,413],{"class":68},[50,38008,38009],{"class":64},"]):\n",[50,38011,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,38013,173],{"class":151},[50,38015,155],{"class":64},[50,38017,36831],{"class":158},[50,38019,78],{"class":64},[50,38021,9144],{"class":158},[50,38023,186],{"class":64},[20,38025,17658],{},[41,38027,38029],{"className":43,"code":38028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,38030,38031,38051,38083,38115,38121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38032,38033,38035,38037,38039,38042,38046,38049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38034,4014],{"class":60},[50,38036,36720],{"class":151},[50,38038,25310],{"class":371},[50,38040,38041],{"class":56}," at ",[50,38043,38045],{"class":38044},"srjyR","0x",[50,38047,38048],{"class":35138},"...",[50,38050,4026],{"class":60},[50,38052,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38054,401],{"class":64},[50,38056,2842],{"class":111},[50,38058,78],{"class":64},[50,38060,6717],{"class":111},[50,38062,416],{"class":64},[50,38064,419],{"class":64},[50,38066,309],{"class":111},[50,38068,78],{"class":64},[50,38070,1873],{"class":111},[50,38072,416],{"class":64},[50,38074,419],{"class":64},[50,38076,422],{"class":111},[50,38078,78],{"class":64},[50,38080,1878],{"class":111},[50,38082,448],{"class":64},[50,38084,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38086,401],{"class":64},[50,38088,309],{"class":111},[50,38090,78],{"class":64},[50,38092,6717],{"class":111},[50,38094,416],{"class":64},[50,38096,419],{"class":64},[50,38098,422],{"class":111},[50,38100,78],{"class":64},[50,38102,1873],{"class":111},[50,38104,416],{"class":64},[50,38106,419],{"class":64},[50,38108,437],{"class":111},[50,38110,78],{"class":64},[50,38112,1878],{"class":111},[50,38114,448],{"class":64},[50,38116,38117,38119],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,38118,2842],{"class":111},[50,38120,36852],{"class":56},[50,38122,38123,38125],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,38124,309],{"class":111},[50,38126,36859],{"class":56},[36,38128,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,38130,2559,38132,2562],{"id":38131},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,38133,2453],{},[20,38135,38136],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1112,38138,2569,38140,38142],{"id":38139},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38141,2453],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38144,38145,38146,38148,38149,38152],{},"It starts at ",[15,38147,2842],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38150,38151],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1112,38154,22119,38156,11794,38158,2582],{"id":38155},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38157,2453],{},[15,38159,38160],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38162,37270,38163,38165],{},[15,38164,2453],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1112,38167,5883,38169,38171],{"id":38168},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38170,2453],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38173,38174,38175,38177],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38176,2453],{}," can return each character with its index.",[36,38179,2610],{"id":2609},[233,38181,38182,38186,38192,38199],{},[236,38183,38184],{},[335,38185,36706],{"href":36705},[236,38187,38188],{},[335,38189,13,38190,2551],{"href":36872},[15,38191,36875],{},[236,38193,38194],{},[335,38195,38196,38197,37285],{"href":37281},"How to use ",[15,38198,2453],{},[236,38200,38201],{},[335,38202,2628],{"href":1611},[2640,38204,38205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":38207},[38208,38209,38211,38212,38214,38216,38218,38225,38226,38236],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":36571,"depth":101,"text":38210},"What enumerate() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":36878,"depth":101,"text":38213},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37093,"depth":101,"text":38215},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37288,"depth":101,"text":38217},"Using the start argument",{"id":26047,"depth":101,"text":26048,"children":38219},[38220,38221,38222,38224],{"id":37428,"depth":127,"text":37429},{"id":37524,"depth":127,"text":37525},{"id":37688,"depth":127,"text":38223},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37777,"depth":127,"text":37778},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":38227},[38228,38230,38232,38234],{"id":38131,"depth":127,"text":38229},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38139,"depth":127,"text":38231},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38155,"depth":127,"text":38233},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38168,"depth":127,"text":38235},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36427,"description":38237},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38244,"title":38245,"body":38246,"description":40760,"extension":2687,"meta":40761,"navigation":130,"path":40762,"seo":40763,"stem":40764,"__hash__":40765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38247,"toc":40717},[38248,38254,38259,38262,38270,38284,38286,38377,38385,38390,38395,38397,38413,38415,38494,38496,38513,38519,38523,38525,38546,38550,38553,38565,38569,38572,38575,38592,38595,38671,38673,38690,38695,38699,38707,38710,38725,38727,38816,38818,38863,38866,38870,38873,38952,38954,38975,38978,38985,38990,38993,39095,39097,39122,39125,39132,39138,39143,39146,39157,39263,39265,39286,39294,39301,39307,39326,39331,39334,39353,39355,39440,39442,39471,39474,39479,39484,39487,39498,39500,39589,39591,39611,39617,39723,39725,39745,39748,39832,39834,39854,39861,39863,39867,39873,39876,39933,39936,39939,40000,40009,40012,40015,40043,40046,40106,40108,40125,40129,40132,40210,40212,40232,40235,40310,40314,40317,40319,40328,40333,40335,40386,40394,40406,40411,40472,40474,40491,40495,40558,40560,40585,40593,40595,40601,40607,40614,40622,40628,40631,40638,40648,40654,40660,40663,40680,40686,40688,40714],[10,38249,13,38251,18],{"id":38250},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38252,38253],{},"filter()",[20,38255,38256,38258],{},[15,38257,38253],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38260,38261],{},"It takes:",[233,38263,38264,38267],{},[236,38265,38266],{},"a function that checks each item",[236,38268,38269],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38271,38272,38273,38276,38277,38280,38281,38283],{},"The result is ",[4465,38274,38275],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38278,38279],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38282,25474],{}," to see the values.",[36,38285,39],{"id":38},[41,38287,38289],{"className":43,"code":38288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38290,38291,38324,38360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38292,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38294,302],{"class":56},[50,38296,61],{"class":60},[50,38298,65],{"class":64},[50,38300,309],{"class":111},[50,38302,78],{"class":64},[50,38304,314],{"class":111},[50,38306,78],{"class":64},[50,38308,319],{"class":111},[50,38310,78],{"class":64},[50,38312,3181],{"class":111},[50,38314,78],{"class":64},[50,38316,5325],{"class":111},[50,38318,78],{"class":64},[50,38320,38321],{"class":111}," 6",[50,38323,98],{"class":64},[50,38325,38326,38328,38330,38333,38335,38338,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38327,2954],{"class":56},[50,38329,61],{"class":60},[50,38331,38332],{"class":151}," filter",[50,38334,155],{"class":64},[50,38336,38337],{"class":752},"lambda",[50,38339,38341],{"class":38340},"sFwrP"," x",[50,38343,1408],{"class":64},[50,38345,4602],{"class":158},[50,38347,7116],{"class":60},[50,38349,314],{"class":111},[50,38351,7121],{"class":60},[50,38353,4556],{"class":111},[50,38355,78],{"class":64},[50,38357,4982],{"class":158},[50,38359,186],{"class":64},[50,38361,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38363,366],{"class":151},[50,38365,155],{"class":64},[50,38367,372],{"class":371},[50,38369,155],{"class":64},[50,38371,2989],{"class":158},[50,38373,6075],{"class":64},[50,38375,38376],{"class":4385},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38378,38379,38381,38382,38384],{},[15,38380,38253],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38383,25474],{}," to see the results.",[36,38386,228,38388,231],{"id":38387},"what-filter-does",[15,38389,38253],{},[20,38391,38392,38394],{},[15,38393,38253],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38396,2829],{},[233,38398,38399,38402,38408],{},[236,38400,38401],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[236,38403,38404,38405,38407],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38406,4326],{},", the item is kept",[236,38409,38404,38410,38412],{},[15,38411,4396],{},", the item is removed",[20,38414,2931],{},[41,38416,38418],{"className":43,"code":38417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38419,38420,38448,38452,38480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38421,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38423,302],{"class":56},[50,38425,61],{"class":60},[50,38427,65],{"class":64},[50,38429,309],{"class":111},[50,38431,78],{"class":64},[50,38433,314],{"class":111},[50,38435,78],{"class":64},[50,38437,319],{"class":111},[50,38439,78],{"class":64},[50,38441,3181],{"class":111},[50,38443,78],{"class":64},[50,38445,5325],{"class":111},[50,38447,98],{"class":64},[50,38449,38450],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38451,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,38453,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38455,2954],{"class":56},[50,38457,61],{"class":60},[50,38459,38332],{"class":151},[50,38461,155],{"class":64},[50,38463,38337],{"class":752},[50,38465,38341],{"class":38340},[50,38467,1408],{"class":64},[50,38469,4602],{"class":158},[50,38471,4971],{"class":60},[50,38473,319],{"class":111},[50,38475,78],{"class":64},[50,38477,4982],{"class":158},[50,38479,186],{"class":64},[50,38481,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,38483,366],{"class":151},[50,38485,155],{"class":64},[50,38487,372],{"class":371},[50,38489,155],{"class":64},[50,38491,2989],{"class":158},[50,38493,1077],{"class":64},[20,38495,189],{},[41,38497,38499],{"className":43,"code":38498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38500,38501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38502,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38504,4620],{"class":64},[50,38506,1089],{"class":111},[50,38508,78],{"class":64},[50,38510,5325],{"class":111},[50,38512,98],{"class":64},[20,38514,38515,38516,38518],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38517,437],{}," are kept.",[36,38520,38522],{"id":38521},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38524,2882],{},[41,38526,38528],{"className":43,"code":38527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38529,38530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38531,38532,38534,38536,38539,38541,38544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38533,38279],{"class":151},[50,38535,155],{"class":64},[50,38537,38538],{"class":158},"function",[50,38540,78],{"class":64},[50,38542,38543],{"class":158}," iterable",[50,38545,186],{"class":64},[1112,38547,38548],{"id":38538},[15,38549,38538],{},[20,38551,38552],{},"This is the test function.",[233,38554,38555,38558],{},[236,38556,38557],{},"It receives one item at a time",[236,38559,38560,38561,3602,38563],{},"It should return ",[15,38562,4326],{},[15,38564,4396],{},[1112,38566,38567],{"id":4442},[15,38568,4442],{},[20,38570,38571],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38573,38574],{},"It can be:",[233,38576,38577,38580,38583,38586,38589],{},[236,38578,38579],{},"a list",[236,38581,38582],{},"a tuple",[236,38584,38585],{},"a string",[236,38587,38588],{},"a set",[236,38590,38591],{},"another iterable object",[20,38593,38594],{},"Example with a tuple:",[41,38596,38598],{"className":43,"code":38597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38599,38600,38625,38629,38657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38601,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38603,302],{"class":56},[50,38605,61],{"class":60},[50,38607,419],{"class":64},[50,38609,1868],{"class":111},[50,38611,78],{"class":64},[50,38613,38614],{"class":111}," 15",[50,38616,78],{"class":64},[50,38618,1873],{"class":111},[50,38620,78],{"class":64},[50,38622,1336],{"class":111},[50,38624,186],{"class":64},[50,38626,38627],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38628,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,38630,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38632,2954],{"class":56},[50,38634,61],{"class":60},[50,38636,38332],{"class":151},[50,38638,155],{"class":64},[50,38640,38337],{"class":752},[50,38642,38341],{"class":38340},[50,38644,1408],{"class":64},[50,38646,4602],{"class":158},[50,38648,5816],{"class":60},[50,38650,1873],{"class":111},[50,38652,78],{"class":64},[50,38654,4982],{"class":158},[50,38656,186],{"class":64},[50,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,38660,366],{"class":151},[50,38662,155],{"class":64},[50,38664,372],{"class":371},[50,38666,155],{"class":64},[50,38668,2989],{"class":158},[50,38670,1077],{"class":64},[20,38672,189],{},[41,38674,38676],{"className":43,"code":38675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38677,38678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38679,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38681,4620],{"class":64},[50,38683,16457],{"class":111},[50,38685,78],{"class":64},[50,38687,1336],{"class":111},[50,38689,98],{"class":64},[20,38691,38692,38693,838],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[335,38694,1612],{"href":1611},[36,38696,38698],{"id":38697},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38700,38701,38702,22673,38704,838],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38703,38253],{},[4465,38705,38706],{},"filter object",[20,38708,38709],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[233,38711,38712,38715,38720],{},[236,38713,38714],{},"loop through it",[236,38716,38717,38718],{},"convert it with ",[15,38719,25474],{},[236,38721,38717,38722],{},[15,38723,38724],{},"tuple()",[20,38726,2931],{},[41,38728,38730],{"className":43,"code":38729,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38731,38732,38774,38778,38788,38802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38733,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38735,2954],{"class":56},[50,38737,61],{"class":60},[50,38739,38332],{"class":151},[50,38741,155],{"class":64},[50,38743,38337],{"class":752},[50,38745,38341],{"class":38340},[50,38747,1408],{"class":64},[50,38749,4602],{"class":158},[50,38751,4971],{"class":60},[50,38753,314],{"class":111},[50,38755,78],{"class":64},[50,38757,65],{"class":64},[50,38759,309],{"class":111},[50,38761,78],{"class":64},[50,38763,314],{"class":111},[50,38765,78],{"class":64},[50,38767,319],{"class":111},[50,38769,78],{"class":64},[50,38771,3181],{"class":111},[50,38773,2210],{"class":64},[50,38775,38776],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38777,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38781,366],{"class":151},[50,38783,155],{"class":64},[50,38785,2989],{"class":158},[50,38787,186],{"class":64},[50,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,38791,366],{"class":151},[50,38793,155],{"class":64},[50,38795,3945],{"class":371},[50,38797,155],{"class":64},[50,38799,2989],{"class":158},[50,38801,1077],{"class":64},[50,38803,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,38805,366],{"class":151},[50,38807,155],{"class":64},[50,38809,372],{"class":371},[50,38811,155],{"class":64},[50,38813,2989],{"class":158},[50,38815,1077],{"class":64},[20,38817,189],{},[41,38819,38821],{"className":43,"code":38820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38822,38823,38837,38851],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38824,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38826,4014],{"class":60},[50,38828,38279],{"class":151},[50,38830,25310],{"class":371},[50,38832,38041],{"class":56},[50,38834,38048],{"class":35138},[50,38836,4026],{"class":60},[50,38838,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38840,4014],{"class":60},[50,38842,4017],{"class":752},[50,38844,408],{"class":68},[50,38846,38279],{"class":72},[50,38848,413],{"class":68},[50,38850,4026],{"class":60},[50,38852,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38854,4620],{"class":64},[50,38856,437],{"class":111},[50,38858,78],{"class":64},[50,38860,3181],{"class":111},[50,38862,98],{"class":64},[20,38864,38865],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1112,38867,38869],{"id":38868},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38871,38872],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[41,38874,38876],{"className":43,"code":38875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38877,38878,38920,38924,38938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38879,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38881,2954],{"class":56},[50,38883,61],{"class":60},[50,38885,38332],{"class":151},[50,38887,155],{"class":64},[50,38889,38337],{"class":752},[50,38891,38341],{"class":38340},[50,38893,1408],{"class":64},[50,38895,4602],{"class":158},[50,38897,4971],{"class":60},[50,38899,314],{"class":111},[50,38901,78],{"class":64},[50,38903,65],{"class":64},[50,38905,309],{"class":111},[50,38907,78],{"class":64},[50,38909,314],{"class":111},[50,38911,78],{"class":64},[50,38913,319],{"class":111},[50,38915,78],{"class":64},[50,38917,3181],{"class":111},[50,38919,2210],{"class":64},[50,38921,38922],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38923,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,38925,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,38927,366],{"class":151},[50,38929,155],{"class":64},[50,38931,372],{"class":371},[50,38933,155],{"class":64},[50,38935,2989],{"class":158},[50,38937,1077],{"class":64},[50,38939,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,38941,366],{"class":151},[50,38943,155],{"class":64},[50,38945,372],{"class":371},[50,38947,155],{"class":64},[50,38949,2989],{"class":158},[50,38951,1077],{"class":64},[20,38953,189],{},[41,38955,38957],{"className":43,"code":38956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38958,38959,38971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38960,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38962,4620],{"class":64},[50,38964,437],{"class":111},[50,38966,78],{"class":64},[50,38968,3181],{"class":111},[50,38970,98],{"class":64},[50,38972,38973],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,38974,1602],{"class":64},[20,38976,38977],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[36,38979,2447,38981,9416,38983],{"id":38980},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38982,38253],{},[15,38984,38337],{},[20,38986,15891,38987,38989],{},[15,38988,38337],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38991,38992],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[41,38994,38996],{"className":43,"code":38995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38997,38998,39040,39044,39081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38999,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39036,39038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39001,4788],{"class":56},[50,39003,61],{"class":60},[50,39005,65],{"class":64},[50,39007,69],{"class":68},[50,39009,4797],{"class":72},[50,39011,69],{"class":68},[50,39013,78],{"class":64},[50,39015,81],{"class":68},[50,39017,39018],{"class":72},"kiwi",[50,39020,69],{"class":68},[50,39022,78],{"class":64},[50,39024,81],{"class":68},[50,39026,4806],{"class":72},[50,39028,69],{"class":68},[50,39030,78],{"class":64},[50,39032,81],{"class":68},[50,39034,39035],{"class":72},"fig",[50,39037,69],{"class":68},[50,39039,98],{"class":64},[50,39041,39042],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39043,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39045,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39059,39061,39063,39065,39068,39070,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39047,2954],{"class":56},[50,39049,61],{"class":60},[50,39051,38332],{"class":151},[50,39053,155],{"class":64},[50,39055,38337],{"class":752},[50,39057,39058],{"class":38340}," word",[50,39060,1408],{"class":64},[50,39062,1069],{"class":151},[50,39064,155],{"class":64},[50,39066,39067],{"class":158},"word",[50,39069,4382],{"class":64},[50,39071,39072],{"class":60}," >",[50,39074,3181],{"class":111},[50,39076,78],{"class":64},[50,39078,6881],{"class":158},[50,39080,186],{"class":64},[50,39082,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39084,366],{"class":151},[50,39086,155],{"class":64},[50,39088,372],{"class":371},[50,39090,155],{"class":64},[50,39092,2989],{"class":158},[50,39094,1077],{"class":64},[20,39096,189],{},[41,39098,39100],{"className":43,"code":39099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,39101,39102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39103,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39105,4620],{"class":64},[50,39107,413],{"class":68},[50,39109,4797],{"class":72},[50,39111,413],{"class":68},[50,39113,78],{"class":64},[50,39115,408],{"class":68},[50,39117,4806],{"class":72},[50,39119,413],{"class":68},[50,39121,98],{"class":64},[20,39123,39124],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,39126,39127,39128,838],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[335,39129,39131],{"href":39130},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[36,39133,2447,39135,39137],{"id":39134},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,39136,38253],{}," with a named function",[20,39139,39140,39141,838],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,39142,38337],{},[20,39144,39145],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[233,39147,39148,39151,39154],{},[236,39149,39150],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[236,39152,39153],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[236,39155,39156],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[41,39158,39160],{"className":43,"code":39159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39161,39162,39175,39190,39194,39226,39245,39249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39163,39164,39166,39169,39171,39173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39165,35536],{"class":752},[50,39167,39168],{"class":35539}," is_even",[50,39170,155],{"class":64},[50,39172,2964],{"class":38340},[50,39174,167],{"class":64},[50,39176,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39178,35547],{"class":137},[50,39180,7100],{"class":56},[50,39182,7116],{"class":60},[50,39184,314],{"class":111},[50,39186,7121],{"class":60},[50,39188,39189],{"class":111}," 0\n",[50,39191,39192],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39193,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39195,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39197,302],{"class":56},[50,39199,61],{"class":60},[50,39201,65],{"class":64},[50,39203,309],{"class":111},[50,39205,78],{"class":64},[50,39207,314],{"class":111},[50,39209,78],{"class":64},[50,39211,319],{"class":111},[50,39213,78],{"class":64},[50,39215,3181],{"class":111},[50,39217,78],{"class":64},[50,39219,5325],{"class":111},[50,39221,78],{"class":64},[50,39223,38321],{"class":111},[50,39225,98],{"class":64},[50,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39239,39241,39243],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,39229,2954],{"class":56},[50,39231,61],{"class":60},[50,39233,38332],{"class":151},[50,39235,155],{"class":64},[50,39237,39238],{"class":158},"is_even",[50,39240,78],{"class":64},[50,39242,4982],{"class":158},[50,39244,186],{"class":64},[50,39246,39247],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,39248,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39250,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,39252,366],{"class":151},[50,39254,155],{"class":64},[50,39256,372],{"class":371},[50,39258,155],{"class":64},[50,39260,2989],{"class":158},[50,39262,1077],{"class":64},[20,39264,189],{},[41,39266,39268],{"className":43,"code":39267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39269,39270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39271,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39273,4620],{"class":64},[50,39275,422],{"class":111},[50,39277,78],{"class":64},[50,39279,3181],{"class":111},[50,39281,78],{"class":64},[50,39283,38321],{"class":111},[50,39285,98],{"class":64},[20,39287,21469,39288,3121,39291,39293],{},[15,39289,39290],{},"is_even()",[15,39292,4326],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[36,39295,2447,39297,9416,39299],{"id":39296},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39298,4501],{},[15,39300,38253],{},[20,39302,39303,39304,39306],{},"You can pass ",[15,39305,4501],{}," as the first argument:",[41,39308,39310],{"className":43,"code":39309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39311,39312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39313,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39315,38279],{"class":151},[50,39317,155],{"class":64},[50,39319,4501],{"class":1806},[50,39321,78],{"class":64},[50,39323,38543],{"class":158},[50,39325,186],{"class":64},[20,39327,39328,39329,8053],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[4465,39330,6310],{},[20,39332,39333],{},"Falsy values include:",[233,39335,39336,39340,39345,39349],{},[236,39337,39338],{},[15,39339,2842],{},[236,39341,39342,39344],{},[15,39343,4496],{}," (empty string)",[236,39346,39347],{},[15,39348,4501],{},[236,39350,39351],{},[15,39352,4396],{},[20,39354,2931],{},[41,39356,39358],{"className":43,"code":39357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39359,39360,39404,39408,39426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39361,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39363,8493],{"class":56},[50,39365,61],{"class":60},[50,39367,65],{"class":64},[50,39369,2842],{"class":111},[50,39371,78],{"class":64},[50,39373,6212],{"class":111},[50,39375,78],{"class":64},[50,39377,6839],{"class":68},[50,39379,78],{"class":64},[50,39381,81],{"class":68},[50,39383,4568],{"class":72},[50,39385,69],{"class":68},[50,39387,78],{"class":64},[50,39389,4575],{"class":1806},[50,39391,78],{"class":64},[50,39393,1807],{"class":1806},[50,39395,78],{"class":64},[50,39397,4627],{"class":1806},[50,39399,78],{"class":64},[50,39401,5325],{"class":111},[50,39403,98],{"class":64},[50,39405,39406],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39407,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39409,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39411,2954],{"class":56},[50,39413,61],{"class":60},[50,39415,38332],{"class":151},[50,39417,155],{"class":64},[50,39419,4501],{"class":1806},[50,39421,78],{"class":64},[50,39423,6678],{"class":158},[50,39425,186],{"class":64},[50,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39429,366],{"class":151},[50,39431,155],{"class":64},[50,39433,372],{"class":371},[50,39435,155],{"class":64},[50,39437,2989],{"class":158},[50,39439,1077],{"class":64},[20,39441,189],{},[41,39443,39445],{"className":43,"code":39444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39446,39447],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39448,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39450,4620],{"class":64},[50,39452,309],{"class":111},[50,39454,78],{"class":64},[50,39456,408],{"class":68},[50,39458,4568],{"class":72},[50,39460,413],{"class":68},[50,39462,78],{"class":64},[50,39464,1807],{"class":1806},[50,39466,78],{"class":64},[50,39468,5325],{"class":111},[50,39470,98],{"class":64},[20,39472,39473],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[36,39475,5681,39477],{"id":39476},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39478,38253],{},[20,39480,221,39481,39483],{},[15,39482,38253],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39485,39486],{},"It works well for:",[233,39488,39489,39492,39495],{},[236,39490,39491],{},"simple filtering rules",[236,39493,39494],{},"quick data cleaning",[236,39496,39497],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39499,2931],{},[41,39501,39503],{"className":43,"code":39502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39504,39505,39537,39570,39574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39506,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39508,302],{"class":56},[50,39510,61],{"class":60},[50,39512,65],{"class":64},[50,39514,309],{"class":111},[50,39516,78],{"class":64},[50,39518,314],{"class":111},[50,39520,78],{"class":64},[50,39522,319],{"class":111},[50,39524,78],{"class":64},[50,39526,3181],{"class":111},[50,39528,78],{"class":64},[50,39530,5325],{"class":111},[50,39532,78],{"class":64},[50,39534,38321],{"class":111},[50,39536,98],{"class":64},[50,39538,39539,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39540,39541],{"class":56},"evens ",[50,39543,61],{"class":60},[50,39545,38332],{"class":151},[50,39547,155],{"class":64},[50,39549,38337],{"class":752},[50,39551,38341],{"class":38340},[50,39553,1408],{"class":64},[50,39555,4602],{"class":158},[50,39557,7116],{"class":60},[50,39559,314],{"class":111},[50,39561,7121],{"class":60},[50,39563,4556],{"class":111},[50,39565,78],{"class":64},[50,39567,4982],{"class":158},[50,39569,186],{"class":64},[50,39571,39572],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39573,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39587],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39577,366],{"class":151},[50,39579,155],{"class":64},[50,39581,372],{"class":371},[50,39583,155],{"class":64},[50,39585,39586],{"class":158},"evens",[50,39588,1077],{"class":64},[20,39590,189],{},[41,39592,39593],{"className":43,"code":39267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39594,39595],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39596,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39598,4620],{"class":64},[50,39600,422],{"class":111},[50,39602,78],{"class":64},[50,39604,3181],{"class":111},[50,39606,78],{"class":64},[50,39608,38321],{"class":111},[50,39610,98],{"class":64},[20,39612,39613,39614,39616],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39615,33],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[41,39618,39620],{"className":43,"code":39619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39621,39622,39654,39662,39666,39678,39694,39709,39713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39623,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39625,302],{"class":56},[50,39627,61],{"class":60},[50,39629,65],{"class":64},[50,39631,309],{"class":111},[50,39633,78],{"class":64},[50,39635,314],{"class":111},[50,39637,78],{"class":64},[50,39639,319],{"class":111},[50,39641,78],{"class":64},[50,39643,3181],{"class":111},[50,39645,78],{"class":64},[50,39647,5325],{"class":111},[50,39649,78],{"class":64},[50,39651,38321],{"class":111},[50,39653,98],{"class":64},[50,39655,39656,39658,39660],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39657,39541],{"class":56},[50,39659,61],{"class":60},[50,39661,8551],{"class":64},[50,39663,39664],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39665,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39667,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39669,33],{"class":137},[50,39671,7100],{"class":56},[50,39673,148],{"class":137},[50,39675,4982],{"class":56},[50,39677,2229],{"class":64},[50,39679,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,39681,7111],{"class":137},[50,39683,7100],{"class":56},[50,39685,7116],{"class":60},[50,39687,314],{"class":111},[50,39689,7121],{"class":60},[50,39691,4556],{"class":111},[50,39693,2229],{"class":64},[50,39695,39696,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,39697,39698],{"class":56},"        evens",[50,39700,838],{"class":64},[50,39702,14254],{"class":158},[50,39704,155],{"class":64},[50,39706,2964],{"class":158},[50,39708,186],{"class":64},[50,39710,39711],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,39712,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39714,39715,39717,39719,39721],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,39716,366],{"class":151},[50,39718,155],{"class":64},[50,39720,39586],{"class":158},[50,39722,186],{"class":64},[20,39724,189],{},[41,39726,39727],{"className":43,"code":39267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39728,39729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39730,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39732,4620],{"class":64},[50,39734,422],{"class":111},[50,39736,78],{"class":64},[50,39738,3181],{"class":111},[50,39740,78],{"class":64},[50,39742,38321],{"class":111},[50,39744,98],{"class":64},[20,39746,39747],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[41,39749,39751],{"className":43,"code":39750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39752,39753,39785,39818,39822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39754,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39756,302],{"class":56},[50,39758,61],{"class":60},[50,39760,65],{"class":64},[50,39762,309],{"class":111},[50,39764,78],{"class":64},[50,39766,314],{"class":111},[50,39768,78],{"class":64},[50,39770,319],{"class":111},[50,39772,78],{"class":64},[50,39774,3181],{"class":111},[50,39776,78],{"class":64},[50,39778,5325],{"class":111},[50,39780,78],{"class":64},[50,39782,38321],{"class":111},[50,39784,98],{"class":64},[50,39786,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39788,39541],{"class":56},[50,39790,61],{"class":60},[50,39792,65],{"class":64},[50,39794,2941],{"class":56},[50,39796,33],{"class":137},[50,39798,7100],{"class":56},[50,39800,148],{"class":137},[50,39802,39803],{"class":56}," numbers ",[50,39805,7711],{"class":137},[50,39807,7100],{"class":56},[50,39809,7116],{"class":60},[50,39811,314],{"class":111},[50,39813,7121],{"class":60},[50,39815,4556],{"class":111},[50,39817,98],{"class":64},[50,39819,39820],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,39821,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,39823,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,39825,366],{"class":151},[50,39827,155],{"class":64},[50,39829,39586],{"class":158},[50,39831,186],{"class":64},[20,39833,189],{},[41,39835,39836],{"className":43,"code":39267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39837,39838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39839,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39841,4620],{"class":64},[50,39843,422],{"class":111},[50,39845,78],{"class":64},[50,39847,3181],{"class":111},[50,39849,78],{"class":64},[50,39851,38321],{"class":111},[50,39853,98],{"class":64},[20,39855,39856,39857,838],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[335,39858,39860],{"href":39859},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[36,39862,3553],{"id":3552},[20,39864,15435,39865,838],{},[15,39866,38253],{},[1112,39868,2120,39870,39872],{"id":39869},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39871,38253],{}," to return a list",[20,39874,39875],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[41,39877,39879],{"className":43,"code":39878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39880,39881,39923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39882,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39884,2954],{"class":56},[50,39886,61],{"class":60},[50,39888,38332],{"class":151},[50,39890,155],{"class":64},[50,39892,38337],{"class":752},[50,39894,38341],{"class":38340},[50,39896,1408],{"class":64},[50,39898,4602],{"class":158},[50,39900,4971],{"class":60},[50,39902,314],{"class":111},[50,39904,78],{"class":64},[50,39906,65],{"class":64},[50,39908,309],{"class":111},[50,39910,78],{"class":64},[50,39912,314],{"class":111},[50,39914,78],{"class":64},[50,39916,319],{"class":111},[50,39918,78],{"class":64},[50,39920,3181],{"class":111},[50,39922,2210],{"class":64},[50,39924,39925,39927,39929,39931],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39926,366],{"class":151},[50,39928,155],{"class":64},[50,39930,2989],{"class":158},[50,39932,186],{"class":64},[20,39934,39935],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39937,39938],{},"Fix:",[41,39940,39942],{"className":43,"code":39941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39943,39944,39986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39945,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39947,2954],{"class":56},[50,39949,61],{"class":60},[50,39951,38332],{"class":151},[50,39953,155],{"class":64},[50,39955,38337],{"class":752},[50,39957,38341],{"class":38340},[50,39959,1408],{"class":64},[50,39961,4602],{"class":158},[50,39963,4971],{"class":60},[50,39965,314],{"class":111},[50,39967,78],{"class":64},[50,39969,65],{"class":64},[50,39971,309],{"class":111},[50,39973,78],{"class":64},[50,39975,314],{"class":111},[50,39977,78],{"class":64},[50,39979,319],{"class":111},[50,39981,78],{"class":64},[50,39983,3181],{"class":111},[50,39985,2210],{"class":64},[50,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,39989,366],{"class":151},[50,39991,155],{"class":64},[50,39993,372],{"class":371},[50,39995,155],{"class":64},[50,39997,2989],{"class":158},[50,39999,1077],{"class":64},[1112,40001,40003,40004,3602,40006,40008],{"id":40002},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,40005,4326],{},[15,40007,4396],{}," clearly",[20,40010,40011],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,40013,40014],{},"Good example:",[41,40016,40018],{"className":43,"code":40017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,40019,40020,40033],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40021,40022,40024,40027,40029,40031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40023,35536],{"class":752},[50,40025,40026],{"class":35539}," is_positive",[50,40028,155],{"class":64},[50,40030,2964],{"class":38340},[50,40032,167],{"class":64},[50,40034,40035,40037,40039,40041],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40036,35547],{"class":137},[50,40038,7100],{"class":56},[50,40040,4971],{"class":60},[50,40042,39189],{"class":111},[20,40044,40045],{},"Then use it with:",[41,40047,40049],{"className":43,"code":40048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,40050,40051,40083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40052,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40054,302],{"class":56},[50,40056,61],{"class":60},[50,40058,65],{"class":64},[50,40060,2746],{"class":60},[50,40062,422],{"class":111},[50,40064,78],{"class":64},[50,40066,2946],{"class":60},[50,40068,309],{"class":111},[50,40070,78],{"class":64},[50,40072,4556],{"class":111},[50,40074,78],{"class":64},[50,40076,6212],{"class":111},[50,40078,78],{"class":64},[50,40080,314],{"class":111},[50,40082,98],{"class":64},[50,40084,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40100,40102,40104],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40086,366],{"class":151},[50,40088,155],{"class":64},[50,40090,372],{"class":371},[50,40092,155],{"class":64},[50,40094,38279],{"class":151},[50,40096,155],{"class":64},[50,40098,40099],{"class":158},"is_positive",[50,40101,78],{"class":64},[50,40103,4982],{"class":158},[50,40105,389],{"class":64},[20,40107,189],{},[41,40109,40111],{"className":43,"code":40110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2]\n",[15,40112,40113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40116,4620],{"class":64},[50,40118,309],{"class":111},[50,40120,78],{"class":64},[50,40122,314],{"class":111},[50,40124,98],{"class":64},[1112,40126,40128],{"id":40127},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,40130,40131],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[41,40133,40134],{"className":43,"code":38875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,40135,40136,40178,40182,40196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40137,40138,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40139,2954],{"class":56},[50,40141,61],{"class":60},[50,40143,38332],{"class":151},[50,40145,155],{"class":64},[50,40147,38337],{"class":752},[50,40149,38341],{"class":38340},[50,40151,1408],{"class":64},[50,40153,4602],{"class":158},[50,40155,4971],{"class":60},[50,40157,314],{"class":111},[50,40159,78],{"class":64},[50,40161,65],{"class":64},[50,40163,309],{"class":111},[50,40165,78],{"class":64},[50,40167,314],{"class":111},[50,40169,78],{"class":64},[50,40171,319],{"class":111},[50,40173,78],{"class":64},[50,40175,3181],{"class":111},[50,40177,2210],{"class":64},[50,40179,40180],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40181,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,40183,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,40185,366],{"class":151},[50,40187,155],{"class":64},[50,40189,372],{"class":371},[50,40191,155],{"class":64},[50,40193,2989],{"class":158},[50,40195,1077],{"class":64},[50,40197,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,40199,366],{"class":151},[50,40201,155],{"class":64},[50,40203,372],{"class":371},[50,40205,155],{"class":64},[50,40207,2989],{"class":158},[50,40209,1077],{"class":64},[20,40211,189],{},[41,40213,40214],{"className":43,"code":38956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,40215,40216,40228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40217,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40219,4620],{"class":64},[50,40221,437],{"class":111},[50,40223,78],{"class":64},[50,40225,3181],{"class":111},[50,40227,98],{"class":64},[50,40229,40230],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40231,1602],{"class":64},[20,40233,40234],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[41,40236,40238],{"className":43,"code":40237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40239,40240,40286,40290,40300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40241,40242,40244,40246,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256,40258,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268,40270,40272,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40243,2954],{"class":56},[50,40245,61],{"class":60},[50,40247,1191],{"class":371},[50,40249,155],{"class":64},[50,40251,38279],{"class":151},[50,40253,155],{"class":64},[50,40255,38337],{"class":752},[50,40257,38341],{"class":38340},[50,40259,1408],{"class":64},[50,40261,4602],{"class":158},[50,40263,4971],{"class":60},[50,40265,314],{"class":111},[50,40267,78],{"class":64},[50,40269,65],{"class":64},[50,40271,309],{"class":111},[50,40273,78],{"class":64},[50,40275,314],{"class":111},[50,40277,78],{"class":64},[50,40279,319],{"class":111},[50,40281,78],{"class":64},[50,40283,3181],{"class":111},[50,40285,3721],{"class":64},[50,40287,40288],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40289,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,40291,40292,40294,40296,40298],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,40293,366],{"class":151},[50,40295,155],{"class":64},[50,40297,2989],{"class":158},[50,40299,186],{"class":64},[50,40301,40302,40304,40306,40308],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,40303,366],{"class":151},[50,40305,155],{"class":64},[50,40307,2989],{"class":158},[50,40309,186],{"class":64},[1112,40311,40313],{"id":40312},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40315,40316],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40318,17344],{},[41,40320,40322],{"className":43,"code":40321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40323,40324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40325,40326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40327,40321],{"class":4385},[20,40329,40330,40331,7264],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40332,1868],{},[20,40334,17356],{},[41,40336,40338],{"className":43,"code":40337,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40339,40340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40341,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354,40356,40358,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40343,366],{"class":151},[50,40345,155],{"class":64},[50,40347,372],{"class":371},[50,40349,155],{"class":64},[50,40351,38279],{"class":151},[50,40353,155],{"class":64},[50,40355,38337],{"class":752},[50,40357,38341],{"class":38340},[50,40359,1408],{"class":64},[50,40361,4602],{"class":158},[50,40363,4971],{"class":60},[50,40365,314],{"class":111},[50,40367,78],{"class":64},[50,40369,65],{"class":64},[50,40371,309],{"class":111},[50,40373,78],{"class":64},[50,40375,314],{"class":111},[50,40377,78],{"class":64},[50,40379,319],{"class":111},[50,40381,78],{"class":64},[50,40383,3181],{"class":111},[50,40385,37942],{"class":64},[1112,40387,37881,40389,9416,40391],{"id":40388},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40390,38253],{},[15,40392,40393],{},"map()",[233,40395,40396,40401],{},[236,40397,40398,40400],{},[15,40399,38253],{}," keeps or removes items",[236,40402,40403,40405],{},[15,40404,40393],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40407,40408,40409,1408],{},"Example of ",[15,40410,38253],{},[41,40412,40414],{"className":43,"code":40413,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40415,40416,40440],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40417,40418,40420,40422,40424,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40419,302],{"class":56},[50,40421,61],{"class":60},[50,40423,65],{"class":64},[50,40425,309],{"class":111},[50,40427,78],{"class":64},[50,40429,314],{"class":111},[50,40431,78],{"class":64},[50,40433,319],{"class":111},[50,40435,78],{"class":64},[50,40437,3181],{"class":111},[50,40439,98],{"class":64},[50,40441,40442,40444,40446,40448,40450,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40443,366],{"class":151},[50,40445,155],{"class":64},[50,40447,372],{"class":371},[50,40449,155],{"class":64},[50,40451,38279],{"class":151},[50,40453,155],{"class":64},[50,40455,38337],{"class":752},[50,40457,38341],{"class":38340},[50,40459,1408],{"class":64},[50,40461,4602],{"class":158},[50,40463,4971],{"class":60},[50,40465,314],{"class":111},[50,40467,78],{"class":64},[50,40469,4982],{"class":158},[50,40471,389],{"class":64},[20,40473,189],{},[41,40475,40477],{"className":43,"code":40476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40478,40479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40480,40481,40483,40485,40487,40489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40482,4620],{"class":64},[50,40484,437],{"class":111},[50,40486,78],{"class":64},[50,40488,3181],{"class":111},[50,40490,98],{"class":64},[20,40492,40408,40493,1408],{},[15,40494,40393],{},[41,40496,40498],{"className":43,"code":40497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40499,40500,40524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40501,40502,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40503,302],{"class":56},[50,40505,61],{"class":60},[50,40507,65],{"class":64},[50,40509,309],{"class":111},[50,40511,78],{"class":64},[50,40513,314],{"class":111},[50,40515,78],{"class":64},[50,40517,319],{"class":111},[50,40519,78],{"class":64},[50,40521,3181],{"class":111},[50,40523,98],{"class":64},[50,40525,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534,40537,40539,40541,40543,40545,40547,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40527,366],{"class":151},[50,40529,155],{"class":64},[50,40531,372],{"class":371},[50,40533,155],{"class":64},[50,40535,40536],{"class":151},"map",[50,40538,155],{"class":64},[50,40540,38337],{"class":752},[50,40542,38341],{"class":38340},[50,40544,1408],{"class":64},[50,40546,4602],{"class":158},[50,40548,40549],{"class":60},"*",[50,40551,314],{"class":111},[50,40553,78],{"class":64},[50,40555,4982],{"class":158},[50,40557,389],{"class":64},[20,40559,189],{},[41,40561,40563],{"className":43,"code":40562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40564,40565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40566,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579,40581,40583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40568,4620],{"class":64},[50,40570,422],{"class":111},[50,40572,78],{"class":64},[50,40574,3181],{"class":111},[50,40576,78],{"class":64},[50,40578,38321],{"class":111},[50,40580,78],{"class":64},[50,40582,7073],{"class":111},[50,40584,98],{"class":64},[20,40586,40587,40588,838],{},"For the related function, see ",[335,40589,13,40591,2551],{"href":40590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40592,40393],{},[36,40594,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,40596,2569,40598,40600],{"id":40597},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40599,38253],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40602,40603,40604,40606],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40605,25474],{}," if needed.",[1112,40608,40610,40611,40613],{"id":40609},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40612,38253],{}," need to return?",[20,40615,38560,40616,40618,40619,40621],{},[15,40617,4326],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40620,4396],{}," to remove it.",[1112,40623,29019,40625,40627],{"id":40624},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40626,38253],{}," without lambda?",[20,40629,40630],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1112,40632,2559,40634,40637],{"id":40633},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40635,40636],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40639,40640,40641,40643,40644,17772,40646,838],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40642,2842],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40645,4501],{},[15,40647,4396],{},[1112,40649,22119,40651,40653],{"id":40650},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40652,38253],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40655,40656,40657,40659],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40658,33],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40661,40662],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[233,40664,40665,40671,40677],{},[236,40666,40667,40668,40670],{},"use ",[15,40669,38253],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[236,40672,40673,40674,40676],{},"use a ",[15,40675,33],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[236,40678,40679],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40681,40682,40683,838],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[335,40684,5848],{"href":40685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,40687,2610],{"id":2609},[233,40689,40690,40695,40699,40704,40710],{},[236,40691,40692],{},[335,40693,40694],{"href":39130},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[236,40696,40697],{},[335,40698,5934],{"href":40685},[236,40700,40701],{},[335,40702,40703],{"href":39859},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[236,40705,40706],{},[335,40707,13,40708,2551],{"href":40590},[15,40709,40393],{},[236,40711,40712],{},[335,40713,2628],{"href":1611},[2640,40715,40716],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":40718},[40719,40720,40722,40726,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40747,40759],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":38387,"depth":101,"text":40721},"What filter() does",{"id":38521,"depth":101,"text":38522,"children":40723},[40724,40725],{"id":38538,"depth":127,"text":38538},{"id":4442,"depth":127,"text":4442},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698,"children":40727},[40728],{"id":38868,"depth":127,"text":38869},{"id":38980,"depth":101,"text":40730},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39134,"depth":101,"text":40732},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39296,"depth":101,"text":40734},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39476,"depth":101,"text":40736},"When to use filter()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":40738},[40739,40741,40743,40744,40745],{"id":39869,"depth":127,"text":40740},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":40002,"depth":127,"text":40742},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40127,"depth":127,"text":40128},{"id":40312,"depth":127,"text":40313},{"id":40388,"depth":127,"text":40746},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":40748},[40749,40751,40753,40755,40757],{"id":40597,"depth":127,"text":40750},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40609,"depth":127,"text":40752},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40624,"depth":127,"text":40754},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40633,"depth":127,"text":40756},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40650,"depth":127,"text":40758},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38245,"description":40760},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40767,"title":40768,"body":40769,"description":42920,"extension":2687,"meta":42921,"navigation":130,"path":42922,"seo":42923,"stem":42924,"__hash__":42925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40770,"toc":42874},[40771,40774,40779,40785,40787,40839,40841,40860,40865,40869,40874,40877,40892,40895,40917,40919,40968,40970,40994,40996,40998,41013,41018,41026,41041,41043,41052,41055,41090,41094,41099,41103,41110,41145,41147,41163,41167,41170,41211,41213,41227,41231,41234,41258,41260,41269,41273,41276,41309,41311,41324,41328,41334,41353,41355,41363,41367,41372,41376,41382,41405,41407,41436,41439,41458,41462,41465,41492,41494,41528,41532,41535,41559,41563,41574,41576,41581,41587,41589,41673,41675,41717,41720,41722,41729,41738,41794,41801,41810,41815,41819,41890,41892,41901,41905,41908,41952,41954,41963,41967,41973,42023,42027,42032,42036,42060,42062,42071,42075,42099,42101,42112,42116,42140,42142,42151,42154,42171,42177,42181,42187,42190,42195,42198,42219,42221,42253,42256,42261,42263,42274,42276,42320,42324,42331,42383,42385,42394,42398,42401,42494,42497,42521,42525,42528,42620,42625,42629,42636,42641,42665,42667,42676,42681,42704,42706,42714,42721,42744,42752,42754,42767,42777,42779,42783,42790,42794,42803,42807,42814,42818,42822,42826,42839,42841,42871],[10,40772,40768],{"id":40773},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40775,9835,40776,40778],{},[15,40777,3608],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40780,40781,40782,40784],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40783,3608],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[36,40786,39],{"id":38},[41,40788,40790],{"className":43,"code":40789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40791,40792,40806,40825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40793,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40795,366],{"class":151},[50,40797,155],{"class":64},[50,40799,2915],{"class":371},[50,40801,155],{"class":64},[50,40803,2859],{"class":111},[50,40805,1077],{"class":64},[50,40807,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818,40821,40823],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40809,366],{"class":151},[50,40811,155],{"class":64},[50,40813,2915],{"class":371},[50,40815,155],{"class":64},[50,40817,69],{"class":68},[50,40819,40820],{"class":72},"3.14",[50,40822,69],{"class":68},[50,40824,1077],{"class":64},[50,40826,40827,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,40828,366],{"class":151},[50,40830,155],{"class":64},[50,40832,2915],{"class":371},[50,40834,155],{"class":64},[50,40836,4326],{"class":1806},[50,40838,1077],{"class":64},[20,40840,189],{},[41,40842,40844],{"className":43,"code":40843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40845,40846,40850,40855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40847,40848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40849,3204],{"class":111},[50,40851,40852],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40853,40854],{"class":111},"3.14\n",[50,40856,40857],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,40858,40859],{"class":111},"1.0\n",[20,40861,221,40862,40864],{},[15,40863,3608],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[36,40866,40868],{"id":40867},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40870,40871,40873],{},[15,40872,3608],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40875,40876],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[233,40878,40879,40883,40887],{},[236,40880,40881],{},[15,40882,3216],{},[236,40884,40885],{},[15,40886,40820],{},[236,40888,40889],{},[15,40890,40891],{},"0.5",[20,40893,40894],{},"A few key points:",[233,40896,40897,40904,40907,40910],{},[236,40898,40899,40901,40902],{},[15,40900,3608],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40903,2915],{},[236,40905,40906],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[236,40908,40909],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[236,40911,40912,40913],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[335,40914,40915],{"href":8931},[15,40916,3681],{},[20,40918,2931],{},[41,40920,40922],{"className":43,"code":40921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40923,40924,40944,40954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40925,40926,40928,40930,40933,40935,40937,40940,40942],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40927,2941],{"class":56},[50,40929,61],{"class":60},[50,40931,40932],{"class":371}," float",[50,40934,155],{"class":64},[50,40936,69],{"class":68},[50,40938,40939],{"class":72},"2.75",[50,40941,69],{"class":68},[50,40943,186],{"class":64},[50,40945,40946,40948,40950,40952],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40947,366],{"class":151},[50,40949,155],{"class":64},[50,40951,2964],{"class":158},[50,40953,186],{"class":64},[50,40955,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964,40966],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,40957,366],{"class":151},[50,40959,155],{"class":64},[50,40961,3945],{"class":371},[50,40963,155],{"class":64},[50,40965,2964],{"class":158},[50,40967,1077],{"class":64},[20,40969,189],{},[41,40971,40973],{"className":43,"code":40972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40974,40975,40980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40976,40977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40978,40979],{"class":111},"2.75\n",[50,40981,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,40983,4014],{"class":60},[50,40985,4017],{"class":752},[50,40987,408],{"class":68},[50,40989,2915],{"class":72},[50,40991,413],{"class":68},[50,40993,4026],{"class":60},[36,40995,256],{"id":255},[20,40997,259],{},[41,40999,41001],{"className":43,"code":41000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"float(value)\n",[15,41002,41003],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41004,41005,41007,41009,41011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41006,2915],{"class":371},[50,41008,155],{"class":64},[50,41010,3197],{"class":158},[50,41012,186],{"class":64},[20,41014,41015,41016,838],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,41017,3608],{},[20,41019,41020,41021,41023,41024,1408],{},"If you call ",[15,41022,3608],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,41025,4491],{},[41,41027,41029],{"className":43,"code":41028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float())\n",[15,41030,41031],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41032,41033,41035,41037,41039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41034,366],{"class":151},[50,41036,155],{"class":64},[50,41038,2915],{"class":371},[50,41040,7908],{"class":64},[20,41042,189],{},[41,41044,41046],{"className":43,"code":41045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0.0\n",[15,41047,41048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41049,41050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41051,41045],{"class":111},[20,41053,41054],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[41,41056,41058],{"className":43,"code":41057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,41059,41060,41080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41061,41062,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073,41076,41078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41063,41064],{"class":56},"price ",[50,41066,61],{"class":60},[50,41068,40932],{"class":371},[50,41070,155],{"class":64},[50,41072,69],{"class":68},[50,41074,41075],{"class":72},"19.99",[50,41077,69],{"class":68},[50,41079,186],{"class":64},[50,41081,41082,41084,41086,41088],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41083,366],{"class":151},[50,41085,155],{"class":64},[50,41087,2097],{"class":158},[50,41089,186],{"class":64},[36,41091,41093],{"id":41092},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,41095,41096,41098],{},[15,41097,3608],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1112,41100,41102],{"id":41101},"integers","Integers",[20,41104,41105,41106,41109],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,41107,41108],{},".0"," added:",[41,41111,41113],{"className":43,"code":41112,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,41114,41115,41129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41116,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125,41127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41118,366],{"class":151},[50,41120,155],{"class":64},[50,41122,2915],{"class":371},[50,41124,155],{"class":64},[50,41126,2859],{"class":111},[50,41128,1077],{"class":64},[50,41130,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41132,366],{"class":151},[50,41134,155],{"class":64},[50,41136,2915],{"class":371},[50,41138,155],{"class":64},[50,41140,2746],{"class":60},[50,41142,422],{"class":111},[50,41144,1077],{"class":64},[20,41146,189],{},[41,41148,41150],{"className":43,"code":41149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,41151,41152,41156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41153,41154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41155,3204],{"class":111},[50,41157,41158,41160],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41159,2746],{"class":60},[50,41161,41162],{"class":111},"2.0\n",[1112,41164,41166],{"id":41165},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41168,41169],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[41,41171,41173],{"className":43,"code":41172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41174,41175,41193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41176,41177,41179,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41178,366],{"class":151},[50,41180,155],{"class":64},[50,41182,2915],{"class":371},[50,41184,155],{"class":64},[50,41186,69],{"class":68},[50,41188,40820],{"class":72},[50,41190,69],{"class":68},[50,41192,1077],{"class":64},[50,41194,41195,41197,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41196,366],{"class":151},[50,41198,155],{"class":64},[50,41200,2915],{"class":371},[50,41202,155],{"class":64},[50,41204,69],{"class":68},[50,41206,1868],{"class":72},[50,41208,69],{"class":68},[50,41210,1077],{"class":64},[20,41212,189],{},[41,41214,41216],{"className":43,"code":41215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41217,41218,41222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41219,41220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41221,40854],{"class":111},[50,41223,41224],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41225,41226],{"class":111},"10.0\n",[1112,41228,41230],{"id":41229},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41232,41233],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[41,41235,41237],{"className":43,"code":41236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41238,41239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41240,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249,41251,41254,41256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41242,366],{"class":151},[50,41244,155],{"class":64},[50,41246,2915],{"class":371},[50,41248,155],{"class":64},[50,41250,69],{"class":68},[50,41252,41253],{"class":72},"  8.5  ",[50,41255,69],{"class":68},[50,41257,1077],{"class":64},[20,41259,189],{},[41,41261,41263],{"className":43,"code":41262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8.5\n",[15,41264,41265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41266,41267],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41268,41262],{"class":111},[1112,41270,41272],{"id":41271},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41274,41275],{},"Boolean values also work:",[41,41277,41279],{"className":43,"code":41278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41280,41281,41295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41282,41283,41285,41287,41289,41291,41293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41284,366],{"class":151},[50,41286,155],{"class":64},[50,41288,2915],{"class":371},[50,41290,155],{"class":64},[50,41292,4326],{"class":1806},[50,41294,1077],{"class":64},[50,41296,41297,41299,41301,41303,41305,41307],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41298,366],{"class":151},[50,41300,155],{"class":64},[50,41302,2915],{"class":371},[50,41304,155],{"class":64},[50,41306,4396],{"class":1806},[50,41308,1077],{"class":64},[20,41310,189],{},[41,41312,41314],{"className":43,"code":41313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41315,41316,41320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41317,41318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41319,40859],{"class":111},[50,41321,41322],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41323,41045],{"class":111},[1112,41325,41327],{"id":41326},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41329,41330,41331,41333],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41332,3608],{}," returns a float version of it:",[41,41335,41337],{"className":43,"code":41336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41338,41339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41340,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41342,366],{"class":151},[50,41344,155],{"class":64},[50,41346,2915],{"class":371},[50,41348,155],{"class":64},[50,41350,3086],{"class":111},[50,41352,1077],{"class":64},[20,41354,189],{},[41,41356,41357],{"className":43,"code":3110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,41358,41359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41360,41361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41362,3110],{"class":111},[36,41364,41366],{"id":41365},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41368,41369,41370,838],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41371,3608],{},[1112,41373,41375],{"id":41374},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41377,41378,41379,1408],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41380,41381],{},"ValueError",[41,41383,41385],{"className":43,"code":41384,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41386,41387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41388,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41399,41401,41403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41390,366],{"class":151},[50,41392,155],{"class":64},[50,41394,2915],{"class":371},[50,41396,155],{"class":64},[50,41398,69],{"class":68},[50,41400,4568],{"class":72},[50,41402,69],{"class":68},[50,41404,1077],{"class":64},[20,41406,30370],{},[41,41408,41410],{"className":43,"code":41409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41411,41412],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41413,41414,41416,41418,41421,41423,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41415,41381],{"class":371},[50,41417,1408],{"class":64},[50,41419,41420],{"class":56}," could ",[50,41422,5351],{"class":60},[50,41424,41425],{"class":56}," convert string to ",[50,41427,2915],{"class":371},[50,41429,1408],{"class":64},[50,41431,408],{"class":68},[50,41433,4568],{"class":72},[50,41435,30389],{"class":68},[20,41437,41438],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[41,41440,41442],{"className":43,"code":41441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41443,41444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41445,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454,41456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41447,366],{"class":151},[50,41449,155],{"class":64},[50,41451,2915],{"class":371},[50,41453,155],{"class":64},[50,41455,6985],{"class":68},[50,41457,1077],{"class":64},[1112,41459,41461],{"id":41460},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41463,41464],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[41,41466,41468],{"className":43,"code":41467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41469,41470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41471,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41488,41490],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41473,366],{"class":151},[50,41475,155],{"class":64},[50,41477,2915],{"class":371},[50,41479,2182],{"class":64},[50,41481,309],{"class":111},[50,41483,78],{"class":64},[50,41485,314],{"class":111},[50,41487,78],{"class":64},[50,41489,319],{"class":111},[50,41491,3721],{"class":64},[20,41493,30370],{},[41,41495,41497],{"className":43,"code":41496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41498,41499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41500,41501,41503,41505,41507,41509,41512,41515,41518,41520,41522,41524,41526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41502,3727],{"class":371},[50,41504,1408],{"class":64},[50,41506,40932],{"class":371},[50,41508,8079],{"class":64},[50,41510,41511],{"class":56}," argument must be a string ",[50,41513,41514],{"class":60},"or",[50,41516,41517],{"class":56}," a real number",[50,41519,78],{"class":64},[50,41521,8811],{"class":60},[50,41523,408],{"class":68},[50,41525,372],{"class":72},[50,41527,30389],{"class":68},[1112,41529,41531],{"id":41530},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41533,41534],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[41,41536,41538],{"className":43,"code":41537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41539,41540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41541,41542,41544,41546,41548,41550,41552,41555,41557],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41543,366],{"class":151},[50,41545,155],{"class":64},[50,41547,2915],{"class":371},[50,41549,155],{"class":64},[50,41551,69],{"class":68},[50,41553,41554],{"class":72},"3,14",[50,41556,69],{"class":68},[50,41558,1077],{"class":64},[20,41560,3724,41561,838],{},[15,41562,41381],{},[20,41564,41565,41566,827,41570,838],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[335,41567,41569],{"href":41568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[335,41571,41573],{"href":41572},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[36,41575,18117],{"id":18116},[20,41577,41578,41580],{},[15,41579,3608],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41582,41583,41584,41586],{},"It does ",[4465,41585,5351],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41588,2931],{},[41,41590,41592],{"className":43,"code":41591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41593,41594,41607,41621,41625,41635,41645,41659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41595,41596,41598,41600,41602,41605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41597,35372],{"class":56},[50,41599,61],{"class":60},[50,41601,81],{"class":68},[50,41603,41604],{"class":72},"6.5",[50,41606,4082],{"class":68},[50,41608,41609,41611,41613,41615,41617,41619],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41610,2941],{"class":56},[50,41612,61],{"class":60},[50,41614,40932],{"class":371},[50,41616,155],{"class":64},[50,41618,35393],{"class":158},[50,41620,186],{"class":64},[50,41622,41623],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,41624,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,41626,41627,41629,41631,41633],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,41628,366],{"class":151},[50,41630,155],{"class":64},[50,41632,35393],{"class":158},[50,41634,186],{"class":64},[50,41636,41637,41639,41641,41643],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,41638,366],{"class":151},[50,41640,155],{"class":64},[50,41642,2964],{"class":158},[50,41644,186],{"class":64},[50,41646,41647,41649,41651,41653,41655,41657],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,41648,366],{"class":151},[50,41650,155],{"class":64},[50,41652,3945],{"class":371},[50,41654,155],{"class":64},[50,41656,35393],{"class":158},[50,41658,1077],{"class":64},[50,41660,41661,41663,41665,41667,41669,41671],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,41662,366],{"class":151},[50,41664,155],{"class":64},[50,41666,3945],{"class":371},[50,41668,155],{"class":64},[50,41670,2964],{"class":158},[50,41672,1077],{"class":64},[20,41674,189],{},[41,41676,41678],{"className":43,"code":41677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41679,41680,41685,41689,41703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41681,41682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41683,41684],{"class":111},"6.5\n",[50,41686,41687],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41688,41684],{"class":111},[50,41690,41691,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,41692,4014],{"class":60},[50,41694,4017],{"class":752},[50,41696,408],{"class":68},[50,41698,4167],{"class":72},[50,41700,413],{"class":68},[50,41702,4026],{"class":60},[50,41704,41705,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,41706,4014],{"class":60},[50,41708,4017],{"class":752},[50,41710,408],{"class":68},[50,41712,2915],{"class":72},[50,41714,413],{"class":68},[50,41716,4026],{"class":60},[20,41718,41719],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[36,41721,1616],{"id":1615},[1112,41723,41725,41726,41728],{"id":41724},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41727,3681],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41730,2704,41731,41735,41736,838],{},[335,41732,41733,3027],{"href":8931},[15,41734,3681],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41737,3608],{},[41,41739,41741],{"className":43,"code":41740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41742,41743,41762,41776,41780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41744,41745,41747,41749,41751,41753,41755,41758,41760],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41746,8949],{"class":56},[50,41748,61],{"class":60},[50,41750,8954],{"class":151},[50,41752,155],{"class":64},[50,41754,69],{"class":68},[50,41756,41757],{"class":72},"Enter a price: ",[50,41759,69],{"class":68},[50,41761,186],{"class":64},[50,41763,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772,41774],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41765,41064],{"class":56},[50,41767,61],{"class":60},[50,41769,40932],{"class":371},[50,41771,155],{"class":64},[50,41773,8978],{"class":158},[50,41775,186],{"class":64},[50,41777,41778],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,41779,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,41781,41782,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,41783,366],{"class":151},[50,41785,155],{"class":64},[50,41787,41064],{"class":158},[50,41789,40549],{"class":60},[50,41791,314],{"class":111},[50,41793,186],{"class":64},[20,41795,41796,41797,41800],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41798,41799],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[41,41802,41804],{"className":43,"code":41803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"9.0\n",[15,41805,41806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41807,41808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41809,41803],{"class":111},[20,41811,41812,41813,838],{},"For more help with this, see ",[335,41814,9693],{"href":9692},[1112,41816,41818],{"id":41817},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[41,41820,41822],{"className":43,"code":41821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41823,41824,41837,41850,41854,41879],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41825,41826,41828,41830,41832,41835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41827,1942],{"class":56},[50,41829,61],{"class":60},[50,41831,81],{"class":68},[50,41833,41834],{"class":72},"2.5",[50,41836,4082],{"class":68},[50,41838,41839,41841,41843,41845,41848],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41840,3304],{"class":56},[50,41842,61],{"class":60},[50,41844,81],{"class":68},[50,41846,41847],{"class":72},"1.5",[50,41849,4082],{"class":68},[50,41851,41852],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,41853,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,41855,41856,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,41857,41858],{"class":56},"total ",[50,41860,61],{"class":60},[50,41862,40932],{"class":371},[50,41864,155],{"class":64},[50,41866,335],{"class":158},[50,41868,4382],{"class":64},[50,41870,3178],{"class":60},[50,41872,40932],{"class":371},[50,41874,155],{"class":64},[50,41876,344],{"class":158},[50,41878,186],{"class":64},[50,41880,41881,41883,41885,41888],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,41882,366],{"class":151},[50,41884,155],{"class":64},[50,41886,41887],{"class":158},"total",[50,41889,186],{"class":64},[20,41891,189],{},[41,41893,41895],{"className":43,"code":41894,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.0\n",[15,41896,41897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41898,41899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41900,41894],{"class":111},[1112,41902,41904],{"id":41903},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41906,41907],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[41,41909,41911],{"className":43,"code":41910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41912,41913,41923,41938,41942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41914,41915,41918,41920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41916,41917],{"class":56},"count ",[50,41919,61],{"class":60},[50,41921,41922],{"class":111}," 7\n",[50,41924,41925,41927,41929,41931,41933,41936],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41926,2954],{"class":56},[50,41928,61],{"class":60},[50,41930,40932],{"class":371},[50,41932,155],{"class":64},[50,41934,41935],{"class":158},"count",[50,41937,186],{"class":64},[50,41939,41940],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,41941,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,41943,41944,41946,41948,41950],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,41945,366],{"class":151},[50,41947,155],{"class":64},[50,41949,2989],{"class":158},[50,41951,186],{"class":64},[20,41953,189],{},[41,41955,41957],{"className":43,"code":41956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.0\n",[15,41958,41959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41960,41961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41962,41956],{"class":111},[1112,41964,41966],{"id":41965},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41968,41969,41970,41972],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41971,3608],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[41,41974,41976],{"className":43,"code":41975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41977,41978,41992,42008,42012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41979,41980,41983,41985,41987,41990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41981,41982],{"class":56},"temperature_text ",[50,41984,61],{"class":60},[50,41986,81],{"class":68},[50,41988,41989],{"class":72},"21.8",[50,41991,4082],{"class":68},[50,41993,41994,41997,41999,42001,42003,42006],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,41995,41996],{"class":56},"temperature ",[50,41998,61],{"class":60},[50,42000,40932],{"class":371},[50,42002,155],{"class":64},[50,42004,42005],{"class":158},"temperature_text",[50,42007,186],{"class":64},[50,42009,42010],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,42011,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,42013,42014,42016,42018,42021],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,42015,366],{"class":151},[50,42017,155],{"class":64},[50,42019,42020],{"class":158},"temperature",[50,42022,186],{"class":64},[36,42024,42026],{"id":42025},"special-values","Special values",[20,42028,42029,42031],{},[15,42030,3608],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1112,42033,42035],{"id":42034},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[41,42037,42039],{"className":43,"code":42038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,42040,42041],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42042,42043,42045,42047,42049,42051,42053,42056,42058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42044,366],{"class":151},[50,42046,155],{"class":64},[50,42048,2915],{"class":371},[50,42050,155],{"class":64},[50,42052,69],{"class":68},[50,42054,42055],{"class":72},"inf",[50,42057,69],{"class":68},[50,42059,1077],{"class":64},[20,42061,189],{},[41,42063,42065],{"className":43,"code":42064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"inf\n",[15,42066,42067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42068,42069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42070,42064],{"class":56},[1112,42072,42074],{"id":42073},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[41,42076,42078],{"className":43,"code":42077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,42079,42080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092,42095,42097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42083,366],{"class":151},[50,42085,155],{"class":64},[50,42087,2915],{"class":371},[50,42089,155],{"class":64},[50,42091,69],{"class":68},[50,42093,42094],{"class":72},"-inf",[50,42096,69],{"class":68},[50,42098,1077],{"class":64},[20,42100,189],{},[41,42102,42104],{"className":43,"code":42103,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-inf\n",[15,42105,42106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42107,42108,42110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42109,2746],{"class":60},[50,42111,42064],{"class":56},[1112,42113,42115],{"id":42114},"not-a-number","Not a number",[41,42117,42119],{"className":43,"code":42118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,42120,42121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42122,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133,42136,42138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42124,366],{"class":151},[50,42126,155],{"class":64},[50,42128,2915],{"class":371},[50,42130,155],{"class":64},[50,42132,69],{"class":68},[50,42134,42135],{"class":72},"nan",[50,42137,69],{"class":68},[50,42139,1077],{"class":64},[20,42141,189],{},[41,42143,42145],{"className":43,"code":42144,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nan\n",[15,42146,42147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42148,42149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42150,42144],{"class":56},[20,42152,42153],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[233,42155,42156,42161,42166],{},[236,42157,42158,42160],{},[15,42159,42055],{}," means positive infinity",[236,42162,42163,42165],{},[15,42164,42094],{}," means negative infinity",[236,42167,42168,42170],{},[15,42169,42135],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42172,42173,42174,42176],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42175,3608],{}," accepts them.",[36,42178,42180],{"id":42179},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42182,42183,42184,42186],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42185,3608],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1112,42188,41381],{"id":42189},"valueerror",[20,42191,15891,42192,42194],{},[15,42193,41381],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42196,42197],{},"Common causes:",[233,42199,42200,42206,42209,42212],{},[236,42201,42202,42203],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42204,42205],{},"\"abc\"",[236,42207,42208],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[236,42210,42211],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[236,42213,5424,42214],{},[335,42215,42216,42218],{"href":8931},[15,42217,3681],{}," returns a string",[20,42220,2931],{},[41,42222,42224],{"className":43,"code":42223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42225,42226,42239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42227,42228,42230,42232,42234,42237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42229,3171],{"class":56},[50,42231,61],{"class":60},[50,42233,81],{"class":68},[50,42235,42236],{"class":72},"abc",[50,42238,4082],{"class":68},[50,42240,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249,42251],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42242,366],{"class":151},[50,42244,155],{"class":64},[50,42246,2915],{"class":371},[50,42248,155],{"class":64},[50,42250,3197],{"class":158},[50,42252,1077],{"class":64},[1112,42254,3727],{"id":42255},"typeerror",[20,42257,15891,42258,42260],{},[15,42259,3727],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42262,42197],{},[233,42264,42265,42268,42271],{},[236,42266,42267],{},"Passing a list",[236,42269,42270],{},"Passing a dictionary",[236,42272,42273],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42275,2931],{},[41,42277,42279],{"className":43,"code":42278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42280,42281,42306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42282,42283,42285,42287,42289,42291,42293,42295,42297,42299,42302,42304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42284,3171],{"class":56},[50,42286,61],{"class":60},[50,42288,11191],{"class":64},[50,42290,69],{"class":68},[50,42292,2097],{"class":72},[50,42294,69],{"class":68},[50,42296,1408],{"class":64},[50,42298,81],{"class":68},[50,42300,42301],{"class":72},"9.99",[50,42303,69],{"class":68},[50,42305,1445],{"class":64},[50,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316,42318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42309,366],{"class":151},[50,42311,155],{"class":64},[50,42313,2915],{"class":371},[50,42315,155],{"class":64},[50,42317,3197],{"class":158},[50,42319,1077],{"class":64},[1112,42321,42323],{"id":42322},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42325,42326,42327,42330],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42328,42329],{},"strip()"," can help:",[41,42332,42334],{"className":43,"code":42333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42335,42336,42349,42364,42368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42337,42338,42340,42342,42344,42347],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42339,3171],{"class":56},[50,42341,61],{"class":60},[50,42343,81],{"class":68},[50,42345,42346],{"class":72},"  7.25  ",[50,42348,4082],{"class":68},[50,42350,42351,42354,42356,42358,42360,42362],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42352,42353],{"class":56},"clean_value ",[50,42355,61],{"class":60},[50,42357,9144],{"class":56},[50,42359,838],{"class":64},[50,42361,9345],{"class":158},[50,42363,9354],{"class":64},[50,42365,42366],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,42367,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376,42378,42381],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,42371,366],{"class":151},[50,42373,155],{"class":64},[50,42375,2915],{"class":371},[50,42377,155],{"class":64},[50,42379,42380],{"class":158},"clean_value",[50,42382,1077],{"class":64},[20,42384,189],{},[41,42386,42388],{"className":43,"code":42387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.25\n",[15,42389,42390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42391,42392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42393,42387],{"class":111},[1112,42395,42397],{"id":42396},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42399,42400],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[41,42402,42404],{"className":43,"code":42403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42405,42406,42419,42423,42433,42447,42462,42466,42480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42407,42408,42410,42412,42414,42417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42409,3171],{"class":56},[50,42411,61],{"class":60},[50,42413,81],{"class":68},[50,42415,42416],{"class":72}," 3.5 ",[50,42418,4082],{"class":68},[50,42420,42421],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42422,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,42424,42425,42427,42429,42431],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,42426,366],{"class":151},[50,42428,155],{"class":64},[50,42430,3197],{"class":158},[50,42432,186],{"class":64},[50,42434,42435,42437,42439,42441,42443,42445],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,42436,366],{"class":151},[50,42438,155],{"class":64},[50,42440,3945],{"class":371},[50,42442,155],{"class":64},[50,42444,3197],{"class":158},[50,42446,1077],{"class":64},[50,42448,42449,42451,42453,42456,42458,42460],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,42450,366],{"class":151},[50,42452,155],{"class":64},[50,42454,42455],{"class":151},"repr",[50,42457,155],{"class":64},[50,42459,3197],{"class":158},[50,42461,1077],{"class":64},[50,42463,42464],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,42465,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,42467,42468,42470,42472,42474,42476,42478],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,42469,42353],{"class":56},[50,42471,61],{"class":60},[50,42473,9144],{"class":56},[50,42475,838],{"class":64},[50,42477,9345],{"class":158},[50,42479,9354],{"class":64},[50,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,42483,366],{"class":151},[50,42485,155],{"class":64},[50,42487,2915],{"class":371},[50,42489,155],{"class":64},[50,42491,42380],{"class":158},[50,42493,1077],{"class":64},[20,42495,42496],{},"Why this helps:",[233,42498,42499,42505,42510,42516],{},[236,42500,42501,42504],{},[15,42502,42503],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[236,42506,42507,22066],{},[15,42508,42509],{},"print(type(value))",[236,42511,42512,42515],{},[15,42513,42514],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[236,42517,42518,42520],{},[15,42519,42329],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1112,42522,42524],{"id":42523},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42526,42527],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[41,42529,42531],{"className":43,"code":42530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42532,42533,42552,42556,42562,42577,42596,42605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42534,42535,42537,42539,42541,42543,42545,42548,42550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42536,3171],{"class":56},[50,42538,61],{"class":60},[50,42540,8954],{"class":151},[50,42542,155],{"class":64},[50,42544,69],{"class":68},[50,42546,42547],{"class":72},"Enter a number: ",[50,42549,69],{"class":68},[50,42551,186],{"class":64},[50,42553,42554],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42555,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,42557,42558,42560],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,42559,30493],{"class":137},[50,42561,2229],{"class":64},[50,42563,42564,42567,42569,42571,42573,42575],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,42565,42566],{"class":56},"    number ",[50,42568,61],{"class":60},[50,42570,40932],{"class":371},[50,42572,155],{"class":64},[50,42574,3197],{"class":158},[50,42576,186],{"class":64},[50,42578,42579,42581,42583,42585,42588,42590,42592,42594],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,42580,173],{"class":151},[50,42582,155],{"class":64},[50,42584,69],{"class":68},[50,42586,42587],{"class":72},"Converted:",[50,42589,69],{"class":68},[50,42591,78],{"class":64},[50,42593,2920],{"class":158},[50,42595,186],{"class":64},[50,42597,42598,42600,42603],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,42599,30524],{"class":137},[50,42601,42602],{"class":371}," ValueError",[50,42604,2229],{"class":64},[50,42606,42607,42609,42611,42613,42616,42618],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,42608,173],{"class":151},[50,42610,155],{"class":64},[50,42612,69],{"class":68},[50,42614,42615],{"class":72},"That is not a valid number.",[50,42617,69],{"class":68},[50,42619,186],{"class":64},[20,42621,42622,42623,838],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[335,42624,41573],{"href":41572},[36,42626,42628],{"id":42627},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42630,11291,42631,827,42633,42635],{},[15,42632,3608],{},[15,42634,3601],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42637,42638,42640],{},[15,42639,3608],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[41,42642,42644],{"className":43,"code":42643,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42645,42646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654,42656,42658,42661,42663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42649,366],{"class":151},[50,42651,155],{"class":64},[50,42653,2915],{"class":371},[50,42655,155],{"class":64},[50,42657,69],{"class":68},[50,42659,42660],{"class":72},"3.9",[50,42662,69],{"class":68},[50,42664,1077],{"class":64},[20,42666,189],{},[41,42668,42670],{"className":43,"code":42669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.9\n",[15,42671,42672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42673,42674],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42675,42669],{"class":111},[20,42677,42678,42680],{},[15,42679,3601],{}," creates whole numbers:",[41,42682,42684],{"className":43,"code":42683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42685,42686],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42687,42688,42690,42692,42694,42696,42698,42700,42702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42689,366],{"class":151},[50,42691,155],{"class":64},[50,42693,2911],{"class":371},[50,42695,155],{"class":64},[50,42697,69],{"class":68},[50,42699,1868],{"class":72},[50,42701,69],{"class":68},[50,42703,1077],{"class":64},[20,42705,189],{},[41,42707,42708],{"className":43,"code":3100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,42709,42710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42711,42712],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42713,3100],{"class":111},[20,42715,42716,42717,42720],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42718,42719],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[41,42722,42724],{"className":43,"code":42723,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42725,42726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42727,42728,42730,42732,42734,42736,42738,42740,42742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42729,366],{"class":151},[50,42731,155],{"class":64},[50,42733,2911],{"class":371},[50,42735,155],{"class":64},[50,42737,69],{"class":68},[50,42739,42660],{"class":72},[50,42741,69],{"class":68},[50,42743,1077],{"class":64},[20,42745,3724,42746,9312,42748,42751],{},[15,42747,41381],{},[15,42749,42750],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42753,11414],{},[233,42755,42756,42762],{},[236,42757,42758,42761],{},[15,42759,42760],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[236,42763,42764,42766],{},[15,42765,42719],{}," fails",[20,42768,42769,42770,42773,42774,42776],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[335,42771,42772],{"href":3598},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[335,42775,3144],{"href":3143}," helpful.",[36,42778,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,42780,42782],{"id":42781},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42784,42785,42786,3602,42788,838],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42787,3216],{},[15,42789,40820],{},[1112,42791,42793],{"id":42792},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42795,42796,42797,3602,42800,838],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42798,42799],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42801,42802],{},"\"10\"",[1112,42804,42806],{"id":42805},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42808,1107,42809,42811,42812,838],{},[15,42810,42205],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42813,41381],{},[1112,42815,42817],{"id":42816},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42819,5861,42820,838],{},[15,42821,4491],{},[1112,42823,42825],{"id":42824},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42827,42828,42829,42831,42832,827,42835,42831,42837,838],{},"Yes. ",[15,42830,4326],{}," becomes ",[15,42833,42834],{},"1.0",[15,42836,4396],{},[15,42838,4491],{},[36,42840,2610],{"id":2609},[233,42842,42843,42847,42853,42858,42862,42866],{},[236,42844,42845],{},[335,42846,42772],{"href":3598},[236,42848,42849],{},[335,42850,42852],{"href":42851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[236,42854,42855],{},[335,42856,42857],{"href":41568},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[236,42859,42860],{},[335,42861,9770],{"href":9692},[236,42863,42864],{},[335,42865,41573],{"href":41572},[236,42867,42868],{},[335,42869,42870],{"href":8931},"Python input() Function Explained",[2640,42872,42873],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":42875},[42876,42877,42878,42879,42886,42891,42892,42899,42904,42911,42912,42919],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":40867,"depth":101,"text":40868},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":41092,"depth":101,"text":41093,"children":42880},[42881,42882,42883,42884,42885],{"id":41101,"depth":127,"text":41102},{"id":41165,"depth":127,"text":41166},{"id":41229,"depth":127,"text":41230},{"id":41271,"depth":127,"text":41272},{"id":41326,"depth":127,"text":41327},{"id":41365,"depth":101,"text":41366,"children":42887},[42888,42889,42890],{"id":41374,"depth":127,"text":41375},{"id":41460,"depth":127,"text":41461},{"id":41530,"depth":127,"text":41531},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":1615,"depth":101,"text":1616,"children":42893},[42894,42896,42897,42898],{"id":41724,"depth":127,"text":42895},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41817,"depth":127,"text":41818},{"id":41903,"depth":127,"text":41904},{"id":41965,"depth":127,"text":41966},{"id":42025,"depth":101,"text":42026,"children":42900},[42901,42902,42903],{"id":42034,"depth":127,"text":42035},{"id":42073,"depth":127,"text":42074},{"id":42114,"depth":127,"text":42115},{"id":42179,"depth":101,"text":42180,"children":42905},[42906,42907,42908,42909,42910],{"id":42189,"depth":127,"text":41381},{"id":42255,"depth":127,"text":3727},{"id":42322,"depth":127,"text":42323},{"id":42396,"depth":127,"text":42397},{"id":42523,"depth":127,"text":42524},{"id":42627,"depth":101,"text":42628},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":42913},[42914,42915,42916,42917,42918],{"id":42781,"depth":127,"text":42782},{"id":42792,"depth":127,"text":42793},{"id":42805,"depth":127,"text":42806},{"id":42816,"depth":127,"text":42817},{"id":42824,"depth":127,"text":42825},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40768,"description":42920},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42927,"title":42928,"body":42929,"description":44150,"extension":2687,"meta":44151,"navigation":130,"path":35709,"seo":44152,"stem":44153,"__hash__":44154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42930,"toc":44116},[42931,42934,42939,42942,42944,42983,42997,43001,43006,43009,43026,43029,43039,43054,43057,43059,43062,43078,43081,43084,43104,43108,43119,43122,43126,43130,43144,43179,43183,43194,43229,43232,43234,43242,43275,43291,43293,43303,43324,43335,43337,43342,43345,43359,43361,43380,43383,43396,43399,43403,43407,43421,43424,43442,43445,43460,43464,43469,43483,43489,43491,43548,43550,43583,43586,43602,43606,43613,43617,43622,43625,43636,43640,43645,43660,43669,43674,43693,43696,43708,43710,43715,43725,43728,43757,43762,43771,43775,43780,43783,43787,43792,43794,43824,43827,43834,43839,43844,43848,43851,43859,43862,43940,43943,43965,43967,43971,43974,43978,43984,44047,44051,44059,44063,44066,44068,44093,44113],[10,42932,42928],{"id":42933},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42935,4304,42936,42938],{},[15,42937,35712],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42940,42941],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[36,42943,39],{"id":38},[41,42945,42947],{"className":43,"code":42946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42948,42949,42959,42969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42950,42951,42953,42955,42957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42952,32840],{"class":151},[50,42954,155],{"class":64},[50,42956,1060],{"class":151},[50,42958,186],{"class":64},[50,42960,42961,42963,42965,42967],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,42962,32840],{"class":151},[50,42964,155],{"class":64},[50,42966,4167],{"class":371},[50,42968,186],{"class":64},[50,42970,42971,42973,42975,42977,42979,42981],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,42972,32840],{"class":151},[50,42974,155],{"class":64},[50,42976,413],{"class":68},[50,42978,35343],{"class":72},[50,42980,413],{"class":68},[50,42982,186],{"class":64},[20,42984,221,42985,42987,42988,3602,42990,42992,42993,42996],{},[15,42986,35712],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42989,1060],{},[15,42991,4167],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42994,42995],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[36,42998,43000],{"id":42999},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,43002,43003,43005],{},[15,43004,35712],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,43007,43008],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[233,43010,43011,43014,43017,43020,43023],{},[236,43012,43013],{},"Functions",[236,43015,43016],{},"Classes",[236,43018,43019],{},"Methods",[236,43021,43022],{},"Modules",[236,43024,43025],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,43027,43028],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,43030,43031,43032,43038],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[335,43033,43035],{"href":43034},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,43036,43037],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[41,43040,43042],{"className":43,"code":43041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\n",[15,43043,43044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43045,43046,43048,43050,43052],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43047,32840],{"class":151},[50,43049,155],{"class":64},[50,43051,1060],{"class":151},[50,43053,186],{"class":64},[20,43055,43056],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[36,43058,256],{"id":255},[20,43060,43061],{},"The main form is:",[41,43063,43065],{"className":43,"code":43064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(object)\n",[15,43066,43067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43068,43069,43071,43073,43076],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43070,32840],{"class":151},[50,43072,155],{"class":64},[50,43074,43075],{"class":371},"object",[50,43077,186],{"class":64},[20,43079,43080],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,43082,43083],{},"Common examples include:",[233,43085,43086,43090,43095,43099],{},[236,43087,43088],{},[15,43089,1060],{},[236,43091,43092],{},[15,43093,43094],{},"list.append",[236,43096,43097],{},[15,43098,4167],{},[236,43100,43101],{},[15,43102,43103],{},"open",[20,43105,7889,43106,7892],{},[15,43107,35712],{},[41,43109,43111],{"className":43,"code":43110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help()\n",[15,43112,43113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43114,43115,43117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43116,32840],{"class":151},[50,43118,9354],{"class":64},[20,43120,43121],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[36,43123,43125],{"id":43124},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1112,43127,43129],{"id":43128},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,43131,43132,43133,2912,43135,2912,43137,17772,43140,838],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,43134,1060],{},[15,43136,366],{},[15,43138,43139],{},"input",[335,43141,43142],{"href":3023},[15,43143,3026],{},[41,43145,43147],{"className":43,"code":43146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,43148,43149,43159,43169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43150,43151,43153,43155,43157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43152,32840],{"class":151},[50,43154,155],{"class":64},[50,43156,366],{"class":151},[50,43158,186],{"class":64},[50,43160,43161,43163,43165,43167],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43162,32840],{"class":151},[50,43164,155],{"class":64},[50,43166,43139],{"class":151},[50,43168,186],{"class":64},[50,43170,43171,43173,43175,43177],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,43172,32840],{"class":151},[50,43174,155],{"class":64},[50,43176,3945],{"class":371},[50,43178,186],{"class":64},[1112,43180,43182],{"id":43181},"data-types","Data types",[20,43184,43185,43186,2912,43188,2912,43190,17772,43192,838],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43187,4167],{},[15,43189,372],{},[15,43191,9533],{},[15,43193,7000],{},[41,43195,43197],{"className":43,"code":43196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43198,43199,43209,43219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43200,43201,43203,43205,43207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43202,32840],{"class":151},[50,43204,155],{"class":64},[50,43206,4167],{"class":371},[50,43208,186],{"class":64},[50,43210,43211,43213,43215,43217],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43212,32840],{"class":151},[50,43214,155],{"class":64},[50,43216,372],{"class":371},[50,43218,186],{"class":64},[50,43220,43221,43223,43225,43227],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,43222,32840],{"class":151},[50,43224,155],{"class":64},[50,43226,9533],{"class":371},[50,43228,186],{"class":64},[20,43230,43231],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1112,43233,43019],{"id":35190},[20,43235,43236,43237,827,43240,838],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43238,43239],{},"str.split",[15,43241,43094],{},[41,43243,43245],{"className":43,"code":43244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43246,43247,43261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43248,43249,43251,43253,43255,43257,43259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43250,32840],{"class":151},[50,43252,155],{"class":64},[50,43254,4167],{"class":371},[50,43256,838],{"class":64},[50,43258,35153],{"class":25443},[50,43260,186],{"class":64},[50,43262,43263,43265,43267,43269,43271,43273],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43264,32840],{"class":151},[50,43266,155],{"class":64},[50,43268,372],{"class":371},[50,43270,838],{"class":64},[50,43272,14254],{"class":25443},[50,43274,186],{"class":64},[20,43276,43277,43278,9416,43280,29004,43285,43287,43288,43290],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43279,35712],{},[335,43281,43283],{"href":43282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43284,34996],{},[15,43286,34996],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43289,35712],{}," explains one of them.",[1112,43292,43022],{"id":35343},[20,43294,43295,43296,2912,43298,17772,43300,838],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43297,19115],{},[15,43299,35875],{},[15,43301,43302],{},"os",[41,43304,43306],{"className":43,"code":43305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43307,43308,43314],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43309,43310,43312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43311,35776],{"class":137},[50,43313,35779],{"class":56},[50,43315,43316,43318,43320,43322],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43317,32840],{"class":151},[50,43319,155],{"class":64},[50,43321,19115],{"class":158},[50,43323,186],{"class":64},[20,43325,43326,43327,43331,43332,838],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[335,43328,43330],{"href":43329},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[335,43333,35842],{"href":43334},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[36,43336,35603],{"id":35602},[20,43338,43339,43341],{},[15,43340,35712],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43343,43344],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[233,43346,43347,43350,43353,43356],{},[236,43348,43349],{},"The function signature",[236,43351,43352],{},"The short description",[236,43354,43355],{},"Parameter names",[236,43357,43358],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43360,6186],{},[41,43362,43364],{"className":43,"code":43363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43365,43366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43367,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376,43378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43369,32840],{"class":151},[50,43371,155],{"class":64},[50,43373,4167],{"class":371},[50,43375,838],{"class":64},[50,43377,35153],{"class":25443},[50,43379,186],{"class":64},[20,43381,43382],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[233,43384,43385,43388,43391,43393],{},[236,43386,43387],{},"What object this is",[236,43389,43390],{},"What arguments it accepts",[236,43392,22668],{},[236,43394,43395],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43397,43398],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[36,43400,43402],{"id":43401},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43404,43405,30563],{},[15,43406,35712],{},[233,43408,43409,43412,43415,43418],{},[236,43410,43411],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[236,43413,43414],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[236,43416,43417],{},"You are exploring a new module",[236,43419,43420],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43422,43423],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[41,43425,43426],{"className":43,"code":43363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,43427,43428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43429,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43431,32840],{"class":151},[50,43433,155],{"class":64},[50,43435,4167],{"class":371},[50,43437,838],{"class":64},[50,43439,35153],{"class":25443},[50,43441,186],{"class":64},[20,43443,43444],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[41,43446,43448],{"className":43,"code":43447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(open)\n",[15,43449,43450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43451,43452,43454,43456,43458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43453,32840],{"class":151},[50,43455,155],{"class":64},[50,43457,43103],{"class":151},[50,43459,186],{"class":64},[36,43461,43463],{"id":43462},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43465,43466,43468],{},[15,43467,35712],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[233,43470,43471,43474,43477,43480],{},[236,43472,43473],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[236,43475,43476],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[236,43478,43479],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[236,43481,43482],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43484,43485,43486,43488],{},"So, ",[15,43487,35712],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43490,6186],{},[41,43492,43494],{"className":43,"code":43493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43495,43496,43509,43533,43537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43497,43498,43500,43502,43504,43507],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43499,35372],{"class":56},[50,43501,61],{"class":60},[50,43503,81],{"class":68},[50,43505,43506],{"class":72},"a,b,c",[50,43508,4082],{"class":68},[50,43510,43511,43514,43516,43519,43521,43523,43525,43527,43529,43531],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43512,43513],{"class":56},"parts ",[50,43515,61],{"class":60},[50,43517,43518],{"class":56}," text",[50,43520,838],{"class":64},[50,43522,35153],{"class":158},[50,43524,155],{"class":64},[50,43526,69],{"class":68},[50,43528,78],{"class":72},[50,43530,69],{"class":68},[50,43532,186],{"class":64},[50,43534,43535],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,43536,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,43538,43539,43541,43543,43546],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,43540,366],{"class":151},[50,43542,155],{"class":64},[50,43544,43545],{"class":158},"parts",[50,43547,186],{"class":64},[20,43549,6274],{},[41,43551,43553],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43554,43555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43556,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43558,4620],{"class":64},[50,43560,413],{"class":68},[50,43562,335],{"class":72},[50,43564,413],{"class":68},[50,43566,78],{"class":64},[50,43568,408],{"class":68},[50,43570,344],{"class":72},[50,43572,413],{"class":68},[50,43574,78],{"class":64},[50,43576,408],{"class":68},[50,43578,353],{"class":72},[50,43580,413],{"class":68},[50,43582,98],{"class":64},[20,43584,43585],{},"A good workflow is:",[29404,43587,43588,43593,43596,43599],{},[236,43589,221,43590,43592],{},[15,43591,35712],{}," to inspect something",[236,43594,43595],{},"Write a tiny example",[236,43597,43598],{},"Check the result",[236,43600,43601],{},"Repeat",[36,43603,43605],{"id":43604},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43607,43608,827,43610,43612],{},[15,43609,35712],{},[15,43611,34996],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1112,43614,43615],{"id":32840},[15,43616,35712],{},[20,43618,221,43619,43621],{},[15,43620,35712],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43623,43624],{},"It tells you:",[233,43626,43627,43630,43633],{},[236,43628,43629],{},"What something is",[236,43631,43632],{},"How to use it",[236,43634,43635],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1112,43637,43638],{"id":35057},[15,43639,34996],{},[20,43641,221,43642,43644],{},[15,43643,34996],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[41,43646,43648],{"className":43,"code":43647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dir(str)\n",[15,43649,43650],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43651,43652,43654,43656,43658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43653,35057],{"class":151},[50,43655,155],{"class":64},[50,43657,4167],{"class":371},[50,43659,186],{"class":64},[20,43661,43662,43663,2912,43665,17772,43667,838],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43664,35153],{},[15,43666,9345],{},[15,43668,9351],{},[20,43670,43671,43672,1408],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43673,35712],{},[41,43675,43677],{"className":43,"code":43676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43678,43679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43680,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43682,32840],{"class":151},[50,43684,155],{"class":64},[50,43686,4167],{"class":371},[50,43688,838],{"class":64},[50,43690,9351],{"class":25443},[50,43692,186],{"class":64},[20,43694,43695],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[233,43697,43698,43703],{},[236,43699,221,43700,43702],{},[15,43701,34996],{}," to discover options",[236,43704,221,43705,43707],{},[15,43706,35712],{}," to understand one option",[36,43709,3553],{"id":3552},[20,43711,43712,43713,838],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43714,35712],{},[1112,43716,2447,43718,43721,43722],{"id":43717},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43719,43720],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43723,43724],{},"help(len)",[20,43726,43727],{},"These are not always the same.",[41,43729,43731],{"className":43,"code":43730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43732,43733,43743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43734,43735,43737,43739,43741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43736,32840],{"class":151},[50,43738,155],{"class":64},[50,43740,1060],{"class":151},[50,43742,186],{"class":64},[50,43744,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43746,32840],{"class":151},[50,43748,155],{"class":64},[50,43750,413],{"class":68},[50,43752,1060],{"class":72},[50,43754,413],{"class":68},[50,43756,186],{"class":64},[20,43758,43759,43761],{},[15,43760,43724],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43763,43764,43766,43767,43770],{},[15,43765,43720],{}," treats ",[15,43768,43769],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1112,43772,43774],{"id":43773},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43776,43777,43779],{},[15,43778,35712],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43781,43782],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1112,43784,43786],{"id":43785},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43788,41020,43789,43791],{},[15,43790,35712],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43793,2931],{},[41,43795,43797],{"className":43,"code":43796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43798,43799,43809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43800,43801,43803,43805,43807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43802,32840],{"class":151},[50,43804,155],{"class":64},[50,43806,1060],{"class":151},[50,43808,186],{"class":64},[50,43810,43811,43813,43815,43817,43820,43822],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43812,366],{"class":151},[50,43814,155],{"class":64},[50,43816,69],{"class":68},[50,43818,43819],{"class":72},"Done",[50,43821,69],{"class":68},[50,43823,186],{"class":64},[20,43825,43826],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1112,43828,37881,43830,9416,43832],{"id":43829},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43831,35712],{},[15,43833,34996],{},[20,43835,43836,43837,838],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43838,34996],{},[20,43840,43841,43842,838],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43843,35712],{},[36,43845,43847],{"id":43846},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43849,43850],{},"Open Python:",[41,43852,43853],{"className":43,"code":36228,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,43854,43855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43856,43857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43858,36228],{"class":56},[20,43860,43861],{},"Then test these commands:",[41,43863,43865],{"className":43,"code":43864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43866,43867,43877,43891,43905,43915,43930],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43868,43869,43871,43873,43875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43870,32840],{"class":151},[50,43872,155],{"class":64},[50,43874,1060],{"class":151},[50,43876,186],{"class":64},[50,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,43880,32840],{"class":151},[50,43882,155],{"class":64},[50,43884,4167],{"class":371},[50,43886,838],{"class":64},[50,43888,35153],{"class":25443},[50,43890,186],{"class":64},[50,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,43894,32840],{"class":151},[50,43896,155],{"class":64},[50,43898,372],{"class":371},[50,43900,838],{"class":64},[50,43902,14254],{"class":25443},[50,43904,186],{"class":64},[50,43906,43907,43909,43911,43913],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,43908,32840],{"class":151},[50,43910,155],{"class":64},[50,43912,43103],{"class":151},[50,43914,186],{"class":64},[50,43916,43917,43919,43921,43923,43926,43928],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,43918,32840],{"class":151},[50,43920,155],{"class":64},[50,43922,413],{"class":68},[50,43924,43925],{"class":72},"keywords",[50,43927,413],{"class":68},[50,43929,186],{"class":64},[50,43931,43932,43934,43936,43938],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,43933,35057],{"class":151},[50,43935,155],{"class":64},[50,43937,4167],{"class":371},[50,43939,186],{"class":64},[20,43941,43942],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[233,43944,43945,43948,43951,43954,43957,43960],{},[236,43946,43947],{},"A built-in function",[236,43949,43950],{},"A string method",[236,43952,43953],{},"A list method",[236,43955,43956],{},"A built-in file function",[236,43958,43959],{},"A special help topic",[236,43961,15891,43962,43964],{},[15,43963,34996],{}," example for comparison",[36,43966,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,43968,43970],{"id":43969},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43972,43973],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1112,43975,43977],{"id":43976},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43979,43980,43981,43983],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43982,35712],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[41,43985,43987],{"className":43,"code":43986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43988,43989,44001,44014,44033,44037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43990,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43992,35536],{"class":752},[50,43994,35540],{"class":35539},[50,43996,155],{"class":64},[50,43998,178],{"class":38340},[50,44000,167],{"class":64},[50,44002,44003,44007,44011],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44004,44006],{"class":44005},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[50,44008,44010],{"class":44009},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[50,44012,44013],{"class":44005},"\"\"\"\n",[50,44015,44016,44018,44021,44024,44026,44028,44030],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44017,35547],{"class":137},[50,44019,44020],{"class":752}," f",[50,44022,44023],{"class":72},"\"Hello, ",[50,44025,758],{"class":111},[50,44027,178],{"class":56},[50,44029,763],{"class":111},[50,44031,44032],{"class":72},"!\"\n",[50,44034,44035],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44036,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44040,32840],{"class":151},[50,44042,155],{"class":64},[50,44044,35582],{"class":158},[50,44046,186],{"class":64},[1112,44048,44050],{"id":44049},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,44052,44053,44055,44056,44058],{},[15,44054,43724],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,44057,43720],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1112,44060,44062],{"id":44061},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,44064,44065],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[36,44067,2610],{"id":2609},[233,44069,44070,44075,44079,44084,44089],{},[236,44071,44072],{},[335,44073,44074],{"href":43282},"Python dir() function explained",[236,44076,44077],{},[335,44078,9153],{"href":3023},[236,44080,44081],{},[335,44082,44083],{"href":43034},"Python len() function explained",[236,44085,44086],{},[335,44087,44088],{"href":43329},"How import works in Python",[236,44090,44091],{},[335,44092,35842],{"href":43334},[20,44094,44095,44096,44098,44099,2912,44101,17772,44103,44105,44106,3602,44109,44112],{},"Try ",[15,44097,35712],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,44100,1060],{},[15,44102,366],{},[15,44104,43139],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,44107,44108],{},"dir(str)",[15,44110,44111],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2640,44114,44115],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":44117},[44118,44119,44120,44121,44127,44128,44129,44130,44134,44142,44143,44149],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":42999,"depth":101,"text":43000},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":43124,"depth":101,"text":43125,"children":44122},[44123,44124,44125,44126],{"id":43128,"depth":127,"text":43129},{"id":43181,"depth":127,"text":43182},{"id":35190,"depth":127,"text":43019},{"id":35343,"depth":127,"text":43022},{"id":35602,"depth":101,"text":35603},{"id":43401,"depth":101,"text":43402},{"id":43462,"depth":101,"text":43463},{"id":43604,"depth":101,"text":43605,"children":44131},[44132,44133],{"id":32840,"depth":127,"text":35712},{"id":35057,"depth":127,"text":34996},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":44135},[44136,44138,44139,44140],{"id":43717,"depth":127,"text":44137},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43773,"depth":127,"text":43774},{"id":43785,"depth":127,"text":43786},{"id":43829,"depth":127,"text":44141},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43846,"depth":101,"text":43847},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":44144},[44145,44146,44147,44148],{"id":43969,"depth":127,"text":43970},{"id":43976,"depth":127,"text":43977},{"id":44049,"depth":127,"text":44050},{"id":44061,"depth":127,"text":44062},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42928,"description":44150},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44156,"title":44157,"body":44158,"description":45520,"extension":2687,"meta":45521,"navigation":130,"path":45522,"seo":45523,"stem":45524,"__hash__":45525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44159,"toc":45493},[44160,44166,44171,44177,44187,44246,44256,44267,44272,44278,44280,44298,44306,44308,44310,44325,44328,44339,44341,44432,44435,44439,44444,44465,44467,44578,44580,44607,44618,44622,44625,44708,44710,44718,44724,44730,44734,44737,44847,44849,44862,44865,44879,44887,44894,44899,44913,44919,45032,45034,45095,45098,45104,45110,45113,45135,45138,45208,45211,45243,45250,45252,45255,45273,45276,45288,45294,45296,45301,45327,45330,45402,45404,45410,45413,45419,45422,45428,45438,45444,45447,45454,45457,45459,45490],[10,44161,13,44163,18],{"id":44162},"python-id-function-explained",[15,44164,44165],{},"id()",[20,44167,33004,44168,44170],{},[15,44169,44165],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44172,44173,44174,44176],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44175,44165],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44178,221,44179,44181,44182,44184,44185,838],{},[15,44180,44165],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[4465,44183,5351],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44186,1945],{},[41,44188,44190],{"className":43,"code":44189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44191,44192,44204,44218,44222,44232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44193,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44195,8589],{"class":56},[50,44197,61],{"class":60},[50,44199,81],{"class":68},[50,44201,8010],{"class":72},[50,44203,4082],{"class":68},[50,44205,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44207,366],{"class":151},[50,44209,155],{"class":64},[50,44211,1761],{"class":151},[50,44213,155],{"class":64},[50,44215,178],{"class":158},[50,44217,1077],{"class":64},[50,44219,44220],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44221,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44223,44224,44227,44229],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44225,44226],{"class":56},"other ",[50,44228,61],{"class":60},[50,44230,44231],{"class":56}," name\n",[50,44233,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44235,366],{"class":151},[50,44237,155],{"class":64},[50,44239,1761],{"class":151},[50,44241,155],{"class":64},[50,44243,31432],{"class":158},[50,44245,1077],{"class":64},[20,44247,44248,44249,44252,44253,44255],{},"In this example, ",[15,44250,44251],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44254,44165],{}," values match.",[44257,44258,44259],"blockquote",{},[20,44260,221,44261,44263,44264,44266],{},[15,44262,44165],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44265,1945],{}," for value comparison.",[36,44268,228,44270,231],{"id":44269},"what-id-does",[15,44271,44165],{},[20,44273,44274,44277],{},[15,44275,44276],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44279,13755],{},[233,44281,44282,44285,44292,44295],{},[236,44283,44284],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[236,44286,44287,44288,44291],{},"It shows ",[4465,44289,44290],{},"object identity",", not object value",[236,44293,44294],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[236,44296,44297],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44299,44300,44301,44305],{},"This is closely related to how ",[335,44302,44304],{"href":44303},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[36,44307,256],{"id":255},[20,44309,6148],{},[41,44311,44313],{"className":43,"code":44312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"id(object)\n",[15,44314,44315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44316,44317,44319,44321,44323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44318,1761],{"class":151},[50,44320,155],{"class":64},[50,44322,43075],{"class":371},[50,44324,186],{"class":64},[20,44326,44327],{},"Important details:",[233,44329,44330,44333,44336],{},[236,44331,44332],{},"It takes one argument",[236,44334,44335],{},"It returns an integer",[236,44337,44338],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44340,2931],{},[41,44342,44344],{"className":43,"code":44343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44345,44346,44358,44366,44386,44390,44404,44418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44349,35372],{"class":56},[50,44351,61],{"class":60},[50,44353,81],{"class":68},[50,44355,4568],{"class":72},[50,44357,4082],{"class":68},[50,44359,44360,44362,44364],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44361,2941],{"class":56},[50,44363,61],{"class":60},[50,44365,3491],{"class":111},[50,44367,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382,44384],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44369,8493],{"class":56},[50,44371,61],{"class":60},[50,44373,65],{"class":64},[50,44375,309],{"class":111},[50,44377,78],{"class":64},[50,44379,314],{"class":111},[50,44381,78],{"class":64},[50,44383,319],{"class":111},[50,44385,98],{"class":64},[50,44387,44388],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44389,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44402],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44393,366],{"class":151},[50,44395,155],{"class":64},[50,44397,1761],{"class":151},[50,44399,155],{"class":64},[50,44401,35393],{"class":158},[50,44403,1077],{"class":64},[50,44405,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,44407,366],{"class":151},[50,44409,155],{"class":64},[50,44411,1761],{"class":151},[50,44413,155],{"class":64},[50,44415,2964],{"class":158},[50,44417,1077],{"class":64},[50,44419,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,44421,366],{"class":151},[50,44423,155],{"class":64},[50,44425,1761],{"class":151},[50,44427,155],{"class":64},[50,44429,8522],{"class":158},[50,44431,1077],{"class":64},[20,44433,44434],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[36,44436,44438],{"id":44437},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44440,44441,44442,838],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44443,44165],{},[233,44445,44446,44453,44460],{},[236,44447,44448,44450,44451],{},[15,44449,1945],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[4465,44452,3197],{},[236,44454,44455,44457,44458],{},[15,44456,12898],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[4465,44459,43075],{},[236,44461,44462,44464],{},[15,44463,44165],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44466,2931],{},[41,44468,44470],{"className":43,"code":44469,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44471,44472,44492,44512,44516,44533,44550,44564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44475,1942],{"class":56},[50,44477,61],{"class":60},[50,44479,65],{"class":64},[50,44481,309],{"class":111},[50,44483,78],{"class":64},[50,44485,314],{"class":111},[50,44487,78],{"class":64},[50,44489,319],{"class":111},[50,44491,98],{"class":64},[50,44493,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508,44510],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44495,3304],{"class":56},[50,44497,61],{"class":60},[50,44499,65],{"class":64},[50,44501,309],{"class":111},[50,44503,78],{"class":64},[50,44505,314],{"class":111},[50,44507,78],{"class":64},[50,44509,319],{"class":111},[50,44511,98],{"class":64},[50,44513,44514],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44515,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44517,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44519,366],{"class":151},[50,44521,155],{"class":64},[50,44523,1942],{"class":158},[50,44525,1945],{"class":60},[50,44527,1948],{"class":158},[50,44529,4382],{"class":64},[50,44531,44532],{"class":4385},"   # True\n",[50,44534,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44536,366],{"class":151},[50,44538,155],{"class":64},[50,44540,1942],{"class":158},[50,44542,12898],{"class":137},[50,44544,1948],{"class":158},[50,44546,4382],{"class":64},[50,44548,44549],{"class":4385},"   # False\n",[50,44551,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,44553,366],{"class":151},[50,44555,155],{"class":64},[50,44557,1761],{"class":151},[50,44559,155],{"class":64},[50,44561,335],{"class":158},[50,44563,1077],{"class":64},[50,44565,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,44567,366],{"class":151},[50,44569,155],{"class":64},[50,44571,1761],{"class":151},[50,44573,155],{"class":64},[50,44575,344],{"class":158},[50,44577,1077],{"class":64},[20,44579,2901],{},[233,44581,44582,44590,44598],{},[236,44583,44584,5503,44587,44589],{},[15,44585,44586],{},"a == b",[15,44588,4326],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[236,44591,44592,5503,44595,44597],{},[15,44593,44594],{},"a is b",[15,44596,4396],{}," because they are different list objects",[236,44599,44600,827,44603,44606],{},[15,44601,44602],{},"id(a)",[15,44604,44605],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44608,44609,44610,827,44614,838],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[335,44611,44613],{"href":44612},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[335,44615,44617],{"href":44616},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[36,44619,44621],{"id":44620},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44623,44624],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[41,44626,44628],{"className":43,"code":44627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44629,44630,44650,44660,44664,44678,44693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44633,302],{"class":56},[50,44635,61],{"class":60},[50,44637,65],{"class":64},[50,44639,1868],{"class":111},[50,44641,78],{"class":64},[50,44643,1873],{"class":111},[50,44645,78],{"class":64},[50,44647,1878],{"class":111},[50,44649,98],{"class":64},[50,44651,44652,44655,44657],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44653,44654],{"class":56},"other_numbers ",[50,44656,61],{"class":60},[50,44658,44659],{"class":56}," numbers\n",[50,44661,44662],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44663,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44665,44666,44668,44670,44672,44674,44676],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44667,366],{"class":151},[50,44669,155],{"class":64},[50,44671,1761],{"class":151},[50,44673,155],{"class":64},[50,44675,381],{"class":158},[50,44677,1077],{"class":64},[50,44679,44680,44682,44684,44686,44688,44691],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44681,366],{"class":151},[50,44683,155],{"class":64},[50,44685,1761],{"class":151},[50,44687,155],{"class":64},[50,44689,44690],{"class":158},"other_numbers",[50,44692,1077],{"class":64},[50,44694,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44706],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,44696,366],{"class":151},[50,44698,155],{"class":64},[50,44700,302],{"class":158},[50,44702,12898],{"class":137},[50,44704,44705],{"class":158}," other_numbers",[50,44707,186],{"class":64},[20,44709,6274],{},[41,44711,44712],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,44713,44714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44715,44716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44717,1962],{"class":1806},[20,44719,44720,44721,44723],{},"The two ",[15,44722,44165],{}," values will also match.",[20,44725,22887,44726,44729],{},[15,44727,44728],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[36,44731,44733],{"id":44732},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44735,44736],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[41,44738,44740],{"className":43,"code":44739,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44741,44742,44763,44784,44788,44803,44817,44832],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44743,44744,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755,44757,44759,44761],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44745,44746],{"class":56},"list_a ",[50,44748,61],{"class":60},[50,44750,65],{"class":64},[50,44752,309],{"class":111},[50,44754,78],{"class":64},[50,44756,314],{"class":111},[50,44758,78],{"class":64},[50,44760,319],{"class":111},[50,44762,98],{"class":64},[50,44764,44765,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776,44778,44780,44782],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44766,44767],{"class":56},"list_b ",[50,44769,61],{"class":60},[50,44771,65],{"class":64},[50,44773,309],{"class":111},[50,44775,78],{"class":64},[50,44777,314],{"class":111},[50,44779,78],{"class":64},[50,44781,319],{"class":111},[50,44783,98],{"class":64},[50,44785,44786],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44787,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44789,44790,44792,44794,44796,44798,44801],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44791,366],{"class":151},[50,44793,155],{"class":64},[50,44795,44746],{"class":158},[50,44797,1945],{"class":60},[50,44799,44800],{"class":158}," list_b",[50,44802,186],{"class":64},[50,44804,44805,44807,44809,44811,44813,44815],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44806,366],{"class":151},[50,44808,155],{"class":64},[50,44810,44746],{"class":158},[50,44812,12898],{"class":137},[50,44814,44800],{"class":158},[50,44816,186],{"class":64},[50,44818,44819,44821,44823,44825,44827,44830],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,44820,366],{"class":151},[50,44822,155],{"class":64},[50,44824,1761],{"class":151},[50,44826,155],{"class":64},[50,44828,44829],{"class":158},"list_a",[50,44831,1077],{"class":64},[50,44833,44834,44836,44838,44840,44842,44845],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,44835,366],{"class":151},[50,44837,155],{"class":64},[50,44839,1761],{"class":151},[50,44841,155],{"class":64},[50,44843,44844],{"class":158},"list_b",[50,44846,1077],{"class":64},[20,44848,6274],{},[41,44850,44852],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44853,44854,44858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44855,44856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44857,1962],{"class":1806},[50,44859,44860],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44861,1967],{"class":1806},[20,44863,44864],{},"What this means:",[233,44866,44867,44870,44873],{},[236,44868,44869],{},"The lists are equal in value",[236,44871,44872],{},"They are not the same object",[236,44874,44875,44876,44878],{},"Their ",[15,44877,44165],{}," values are usually different",[20,44880,44881,44882,44884,44885,838],{},"This is why ",[15,44883,44165],{}," should not replace ",[15,44886,1945],{},[36,44888,44890,44891,44893],{"id":44889},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44892,44165],{}," is useful",[20,44895,44896,44898],{},[15,44897,44165],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[233,44900,44901,44904,44907,44910],{},[236,44902,44903],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[236,44905,44906],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[236,44908,44909],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[236,44911,44912],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44914,44915,44916,44918],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44917,44165],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[41,44920,44922],{"className":43,"code":44921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44923,44924,44948,44957,44961,44980,44984,44994,45004,45018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44925,44926,44928,44930,44932,44934,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44927,12790],{"class":56},[50,44929,61],{"class":60},[50,44931,65],{"class":64},[50,44933,69],{"class":68},[50,44935,335],{"class":72},[50,44937,69],{"class":68},[50,44939,78],{"class":64},[50,44941,81],{"class":68},[50,44943,344],{"class":72},[50,44945,69],{"class":68},[50,44947,98],{"class":64},[50,44949,44950,44953,44955],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,44951,44952],{"class":56},"copy_ref ",[50,44954,61],{"class":60},[50,44956,12828],{"class":56},[50,44958,44959],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,44960,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44962,44963,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,44964,44965],{"class":56},"copy_ref",[50,44967,838],{"class":64},[50,44969,14254],{"class":158},[50,44971,155],{"class":64},[50,44973,69],{"class":68},[50,44975,353],{"class":72},[50,44977,69],{"class":68},[50,44979,186],{"class":64},[50,44981,44982],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,44983,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,44985,44986,44988,44990,44992],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,44987,366],{"class":151},[50,44989,155],{"class":64},[50,44991,12837],{"class":158},[50,44993,186],{"class":64},[50,44995,44996,44998,45000,45002],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,44997,366],{"class":151},[50,44999,155],{"class":64},[50,45001,44965],{"class":158},[50,45003,186],{"class":64},[50,45005,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,45007,366],{"class":151},[50,45009,155],{"class":64},[50,45011,1761],{"class":151},[50,45013,155],{"class":64},[50,45015,12837],{"class":158},[50,45017,1077],{"class":64},[50,45019,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,45021,366],{"class":151},[50,45023,155],{"class":64},[50,45025,1761],{"class":151},[50,45027,155],{"class":64},[50,45029,44965],{"class":158},[50,45031,1077],{"class":64},[20,45033,6274],{},[41,45035,45037],{"className":43,"code":45036,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,45038,45039,45067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45040,45041,45043,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053,45055,45057,45059,45061,45063,45065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45042,4620],{"class":64},[50,45044,413],{"class":68},[50,45046,335],{"class":72},[50,45048,413],{"class":68},[50,45050,78],{"class":64},[50,45052,408],{"class":68},[50,45054,344],{"class":72},[50,45056,413],{"class":68},[50,45058,78],{"class":64},[50,45060,408],{"class":68},[50,45062,353],{"class":72},[50,45064,413],{"class":68},[50,45066,98],{"class":64},[50,45068,45069,45071,45073,45075,45077,45079,45081,45083,45085,45087,45089,45091,45093],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45070,4620],{"class":64},[50,45072,413],{"class":68},[50,45074,335],{"class":72},[50,45076,413],{"class":68},[50,45078,78],{"class":64},[50,45080,408],{"class":68},[50,45082,344],{"class":72},[50,45084,413],{"class":68},[50,45086,78],{"class":64},[50,45088,408],{"class":68},[50,45090,353],{"class":72},[50,45092,413],{"class":68},[50,45094,98],{"class":64},[20,45096,45097],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[36,45099,45101,45102],{"id":45100},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,45103,44165],{},[20,45105,45106,45107,45109],{},"Do not use ",[15,45108,44165],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,45111,45112],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[233,45114,45115,45121,45127,45130],{},[236,45116,45117,45118,45120],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,45119,1945],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[236,45122,45123,45124,45126],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,45125,44165],{}," values across program runs",[236,45128,45129],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[236,45131,45132,45133],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,45134,44165],{},[20,45136,45137],{},"Bad example:",[41,45139,45141],{"className":43,"code":45140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45142,45143,45155,45167,45171,45193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45144,45145,45147,45149,45151,45153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45146,1942],{"class":56},[50,45148,61],{"class":60},[50,45150,81],{"class":68},[50,45152,37724],{"class":72},[50,45154,4082],{"class":68},[50,45156,45157,45159,45161,45163,45165],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45158,3304],{"class":56},[50,45160,61],{"class":60},[50,45162,81],{"class":68},[50,45164,37724],{"class":72},[50,45166,4082],{"class":68},[50,45168,45169],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,45170,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,45172,45173,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,45174,7711],{"class":137},[50,45176,15518],{"class":151},[50,45178,155],{"class":64},[50,45180,335],{"class":158},[50,45182,4382],{"class":64},[50,45184,7121],{"class":60},[50,45186,15518],{"class":151},[50,45188,155],{"class":64},[50,45190,344],{"class":158},[50,45192,167],{"class":64},[50,45194,45195,45197,45199,45201,45204,45206],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,45196,173],{"class":151},[50,45198,155],{"class":64},[50,45200,69],{"class":68},[50,45202,45203],{"class":72},"The values are equal",[50,45205,69],{"class":68},[50,45207,186],{"class":64},[20,45209,45210],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[41,45212,45214],{"className":43,"code":45213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45215,45216,45229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45217,45218,45220,45223,45225,45227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45219,7711],{"class":137},[50,45221,45222],{"class":56}," a ",[50,45224,1945],{"class":60},[50,45226,1948],{"class":56},[50,45228,2229],{"class":64},[50,45230,45231,45233,45235,45237,45239,45241],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45232,173],{"class":151},[50,45234,155],{"class":64},[50,45236,69],{"class":68},[50,45238,45203],{"class":72},[50,45240,69],{"class":68},[50,45242,186],{"class":64},[20,45244,221,45245,3602,45247,45249],{},[15,45246,12898],{},[15,45248,44165],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[36,45251,21499],{"id":21498},[20,45253,45254],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[233,45256,45257,45260,45263,45268],{},[236,45258,45259],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[236,45261,45262],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[236,45264,45265,45266],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45267,44165],{},[236,45269,45270,45271],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45272,44165],{},[20,45274,45275],{},"The important rule is:",[233,45277,45278,45283],{},[236,45279,221,45280,45282],{},[15,45281,1945],{}," to check value",[236,45284,221,45285,45287],{},[15,45286,12898],{}," to check identity",[20,45289,45290,45291,45293],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45292,44165],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[36,45295,3553],{"id":3552},[20,45297,45298,45299,1408],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45300,44165],{},[233,45302,45303,45311,45314,45317,45322],{},[236,45304,2447,45305,45307,45308,45310],{},[15,45306,44165],{}," when ",[15,45309,1945],{}," should be used",[236,45312,45313],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[236,45315,45316],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[236,45318,45319,45320],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45321,44165],{},[236,45323,2447,45324,45326],{},[15,45325,44165],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45328,45329],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[41,45331,45333],{"className":43,"code":45332,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45334,45335,45350,45364,45378,45392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45336,45337,45339,45341,45343,45345,45348],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45338,366],{"class":151},[50,45340,155],{"class":64},[50,45342,1761],{"class":151},[50,45344,155],{"class":64},[50,45346,45347],{"class":158},"my_object",[50,45349,1077],{"class":64},[50,45351,45352,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45353,366],{"class":151},[50,45355,155],{"class":64},[50,45357,1942],{"class":158},[50,45359,1945],{"class":60},[50,45361,1948],{"class":158},[50,45363,186],{"class":64},[50,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,45367,366],{"class":151},[50,45369,155],{"class":64},[50,45371,1942],{"class":158},[50,45373,12898],{"class":137},[50,45375,1948],{"class":158},[50,45377,186],{"class":64},[50,45379,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,45381,366],{"class":151},[50,45383,155],{"class":64},[50,45385,3945],{"class":371},[50,45387,155],{"class":64},[50,45389,45347],{"class":158},[50,45391,1077],{"class":64},[50,45393,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,45395,32840],{"class":151},[50,45397,155],{"class":64},[50,45399,1761],{"class":151},[50,45401,186],{"class":64},[36,45403,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,45405,45407,45408,13419],{"id":45406},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45409,44165],{},[20,45411,45412],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1112,45414,15605,45416,45418],{"id":45415},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45417,44165],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45420,45421],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1112,45423,22119,45425,45427],{"id":45424},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45426,44165],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45429,30960,45430,45432,45433,3602,45435,45437],{},[15,45431,1945],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45434,44165],{},[15,45436,12898],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1112,45439,45441,45442,2582],{"id":45440},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45443,44165],{},[20,45445,45446],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1112,45448,45450,45451,45453],{"id":45449},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45452,44165],{}," values?",[20,45455,45456],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[36,45458,2610],{"id":2609},[233,45460,45461,45466,45471,45476,45484],{},[236,45462,45463],{},[335,45464,45465],{"href":44303},"Python variables explained for beginners",[236,45467,45468],{},[335,45469,45470],{"href":44612},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[236,45472,45473],{},[335,45474,45475],{"href":44616},"Python data types overview",[236,45477,45478],{},[335,45479,13,45481,2551],{"href":45480},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45482,45483],{},"isinstance()",[236,45485,45486],{},[335,45487,45489],{"href":45488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2640,45491,45492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":45494},[45495,45497,45498,45499,45500,45501,45503,45505,45506,45507,45519],{"id":44269,"depth":101,"text":45496},"What id() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":44437,"depth":101,"text":44438},{"id":44620,"depth":101,"text":44621},{"id":44732,"depth":101,"text":44733},{"id":44889,"depth":101,"text":45502},"When id() is useful",{"id":45100,"depth":101,"text":45504},"When not to use id()",{"id":21498,"depth":101,"text":21499},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":45508},[45509,45511,45513,45515,45517],{"id":45406,"depth":127,"text":45510},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45415,"depth":127,"text":45512},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45424,"depth":127,"text":45514},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45440,"depth":127,"text":45516},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45449,"depth":127,"text":45518},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44157,"description":45520},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45527,"title":42870,"body":45528,"description":47166,"extension":2687,"meta":47167,"navigation":130,"path":47168,"seo":47169,"stem":47170,"__hash__":47171},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45529,"toc":47132},[45530,45535,45540,45543,45545,45588,45593,45596,45601,45606,45608,45624,45626,45670,45672,45699,45701,45716,45718,45720,45722,45738,45740,45752,45755,45789,45792,45817,45822,45824,45829,45833,45836,45838,45886,45888,45921,45927,45938,45940,45992,45994,46025,46027,46031,46035,46078,46084,46090,46142,46150,46155,46159,46250,46252,46284,46287,46289,46349,46351,46377,46387,46389,46393,46398,46403,46405,46442,46444,46463,46466,46470,46473,46529,46541,46550,46552,46579,46587,46594,46598,46601,46638,46641,46647,46684,46686,46690,46696,46714,46719,46767,46771,46860,46863,46870,46872,46874,46879,46897,46899,46942,46948,46965,46967,47029,47031,47033,47039,47047,47053,47059,47068,47078,47082,47090,47092,47094,47129],[10,45531,13,45533,18],{"id":45532},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45534,3681],{},[20,45536,2704,45537,45539],{},[15,45538,3681],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45541,45542],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[36,45544,39],{"id":38},[41,45546,45548],{"className":43,"code":45547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45549,45550,45569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45551,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45565,45567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45553,8589],{"class":56},[50,45555,61],{"class":60},[50,45557,8954],{"class":151},[50,45559,155],{"class":64},[50,45561,69],{"class":68},[50,45563,45564],{"class":72},"Enter your name: ",[50,45566,69],{"class":68},[50,45568,186],{"class":64},[50,45570,45571,45573,45575,45577,45580,45582,45584,45586],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45572,366],{"class":151},[50,45574,155],{"class":64},[50,45576,69],{"class":68},[50,45578,45579],{"class":72},"Hello, ",[50,45581,69],{"class":68},[50,45583,3178],{"class":60},[50,45585,140],{"class":158},[50,45587,186],{"class":64},[20,45589,221,45590,45592],{},[15,45591,3681],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45594,45595],"hr",{},[36,45597,228,45599,231],{"id":45598},"what-input-does",[15,45600,3681],{},[20,45602,45603,45605],{},[15,45604,3681],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45607,808],{},[233,45609,45610,45615,45618,45621],{},[236,45611,45612,45614],{},[15,45613,3681],{}," waits for the user to type",[236,45616,45617],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[236,45619,45620],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[236,45622,45623],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45625,2931],{},[41,45627,45629],{"className":43,"code":45628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45630,45631,45651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45632,45633,45636,45638,45640,45642,45644,45647,45649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45634,45635],{"class":56},"color ",[50,45637,61],{"class":60},[50,45639,8954],{"class":151},[50,45641,155],{"class":64},[50,45643,69],{"class":68},[50,45645,45646],{"class":72},"What is your favorite color? ",[50,45648,69],{"class":68},[50,45650,186],{"class":64},[50,45652,45653,45655,45657,45659,45662,45664,45666,45668],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45654,366],{"class":151},[50,45656,155],{"class":64},[50,45658,69],{"class":68},[50,45660,45661],{"class":72},"Your favorite color is",[50,45663,69],{"class":68},[50,45665,78],{"class":64},[50,45667,36533],{"class":158},[50,45669,186],{"class":64},[20,45671,30719],{},[41,45673,45675],{"className":43,"code":45674,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45676,45677,45690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45678,45679,45681,45683,45686,45688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45680,228],{"class":56},[50,45682,12898],{"class":60},[50,45684,45685],{"class":56}," your favorite color",[50,45687,2582],{"class":38044},[50,45689,36563],{"class":56},[50,45691,45692,45695,45697],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45693,45694],{"class":56},"Your favorite color ",[50,45696,12898],{"class":60},[50,45698,36563],{"class":56},[20,45700,20655],{},[233,45702,45703,45708,45713],{},[236,45704,45705,45706],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45707,45646],{},[236,45709,45710,45711],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45712,33578],{},[236,45714,45715],{},"That value is then printed",[45594,45717],{},[36,45719,256],{"id":255},[20,45721,259],{},[41,45723,45725],{"className":43,"code":45724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45726,45727],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45728,45729,45731,45733,45736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45730,43139],{"class":151},[50,45732,155],{"class":64},[50,45734,45735],{"class":158},"prompt",[50,45737,186],{"class":64},[20,45739,12161],{},[233,45741,45742,45746,45749],{},[236,45743,2704,45744,20737],{},[15,45745,45735],{},[236,45747,45748],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[236,45750,45751],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45753,45754],{},"Example with a prompt:",[41,45756,45758],{"className":43,"code":45757,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45759,45760,45779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45775,45777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45763,8674],{"class":56},[50,45765,61],{"class":60},[50,45767,8954],{"class":151},[50,45769,155],{"class":64},[50,45771,69],{"class":68},[50,45773,45774],{"class":72},"Enter your username: ",[50,45776,69],{"class":68},[50,45778,186],{"class":64},[50,45780,45781,45783,45785,45787],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45782,366],{"class":151},[50,45784,155],{"class":64},[50,45786,8698],{"class":158},[50,45788,186],{"class":64},[20,45790,45791],{},"Example without a prompt:",[41,45793,45795],{"className":43,"code":45794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45796,45797,45807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45798,45799,45801,45803,45805],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45800,3171],{"class":56},[50,45802,61],{"class":60},[50,45804,8954],{"class":151},[50,45806,9354],{"class":64},[50,45808,45809,45811,45813,45815],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45810,366],{"class":151},[50,45812,155],{"class":64},[50,45814,3197],{"class":158},[50,45816,186],{"class":64},[20,45818,8476,45819,45821],{},[15,45820,3681],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45594,45823],{},[36,45825,228,45827,12409],{"id":45826},"what-input-returns",[15,45828,3681],{},[20,45830,45831,8937],{},[15,45832,3681],{},[20,45834,45835],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45837,2931],{},[41,45839,45841],{"className":43,"code":45840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45842,45843,45862,45872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45844,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855,45858,45860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45846,22327],{"class":56},[50,45848,61],{"class":60},[50,45850,8954],{"class":151},[50,45852,155],{"class":64},[50,45854,69],{"class":68},[50,45856,45857],{"class":72},"Enter your age: ",[50,45859,69],{"class":68},[50,45861,186],{"class":64},[50,45863,45864,45866,45868,45870],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45865,366],{"class":151},[50,45867,155],{"class":64},[50,45869,1303],{"class":158},[50,45871,186],{"class":64},[50,45873,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,45875,366],{"class":151},[50,45877,155],{"class":64},[50,45879,3945],{"class":371},[50,45881,155],{"class":64},[50,45883,1303],{"class":158},[50,45885,1077],{"class":64},[20,45887,30719],{},[41,45889,45891],{"className":43,"code":45890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45892,45893,45903,45907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45894,45895,45898,45900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45896,45897],{"class":56},"Enter your age",[50,45899,1408],{"class":64},[50,45901,45902],{"class":111}," 25\n",[50,45904,45905],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45906,3431],{"class":111},[50,45908,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,45910,4014],{"class":60},[50,45912,4017],{"class":752},[50,45914,408],{"class":68},[50,45916,4167],{"class":72},[50,45918,413],{"class":68},[50,45920,4026],{"class":60},[20,45922,45923,45924,45926],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45925,9904],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45928,45929,45930,3602,45934,838],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[335,45931,45932],{"href":3598},[15,45933,3601],{},[335,45935,45936],{"href":3605},[15,45937,3608],{},[20,45939,2931],{},[41,45941,45943],{"className":43,"code":45942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45944,45945,45968,45978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45946,45947,45949,45951,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45948,22327],{"class":56},[50,45950,61],{"class":60},[50,45952,45953],{"class":371}," int",[50,45955,155],{"class":64},[50,45957,43139],{"class":151},[50,45959,155],{"class":64},[50,45961,69],{"class":68},[50,45963,45857],{"class":72},[50,45965,69],{"class":68},[50,45967,1077],{"class":64},[50,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,45971,366],{"class":151},[50,45973,155],{"class":64},[50,45975,1303],{"class":158},[50,45977,186],{"class":64},[50,45979,45980,45982,45984,45986,45988,45990],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,45981,366],{"class":151},[50,45983,155],{"class":64},[50,45985,3945],{"class":371},[50,45987,155],{"class":64},[50,45989,1303],{"class":158},[50,45991,1077],{"class":64},[20,45993,30719],{},[41,45995,45997],{"className":43,"code":45996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45998,45999,46007,46011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46000,46001,46003,46005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46002,45897],{"class":56},[50,46004,1408],{"class":64},[50,46006,45902],{"class":111},[50,46008,46009],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46010,3431],{"class":111},[50,46012,46013,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46014,4014],{"class":60},[50,46016,4017],{"class":752},[50,46018,408],{"class":68},[50,46020,2911],{"class":72},[50,46022,413],{"class":68},[50,46024,4026],{"class":60},[45594,46026],{},[36,46028,46030],{"id":46029},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1112,46032,46034],{"id":46033},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[41,46036,46038],{"className":43,"code":46037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,46039,46040,46059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46041,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46055,46057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46043,8589],{"class":56},[50,46045,61],{"class":60},[50,46047,8954],{"class":151},[50,46049,155],{"class":64},[50,46051,69],{"class":68},[50,46053,46054],{"class":72},"What is your name? ",[50,46056,69],{"class":68},[50,46058,186],{"class":64},[50,46060,46061,46063,46065,46067,46070,46072,46074,46076],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46062,366],{"class":151},[50,46064,155],{"class":64},[50,46066,69],{"class":68},[50,46068,46069],{"class":72},"Hello,",[50,46071,69],{"class":68},[50,46073,78],{"class":64},[50,46075,140],{"class":158},[50,46077,186],{"class":64},[20,46079,46080,46081,46083],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,46082,178],{}," and prints it.",[1112,46085,46087,46088],{"id":46086},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,46089,3601],{},[41,46091,46093],{"className":43,"code":46092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,46094,46095,46118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46096,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111,46114,46116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46098,22327],{"class":56},[50,46100,61],{"class":60},[50,46102,45953],{"class":371},[50,46104,155],{"class":64},[50,46106,43139],{"class":151},[50,46108,155],{"class":64},[50,46110,69],{"class":68},[50,46112,46113],{"class":72},"How old are you? ",[50,46115,69],{"class":68},[50,46117,1077],{"class":64},[50,46119,46120,46122,46124,46126,46129,46131,46133,46136,46138,46140],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46121,366],{"class":151},[50,46123,155],{"class":64},[50,46125,69],{"class":68},[50,46127,46128],{"class":72},"Next year you will be",[50,46130,69],{"class":68},[50,46132,78],{"class":64},[50,46134,46135],{"class":158}," age ",[50,46137,2783],{"class":60},[50,46139,6212],{"class":111},[50,46141,186],{"class":64},[20,46143,6773,46144,46146,46147,46149],{},[15,46145,3601],{}," converts the text from ",[15,46148,3681],{}," into a whole number.",[20,46151,46152,46153,838],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[335,46154,9693],{"href":9692},[1112,46156,46158],{"id":46157},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[41,46160,46162],{"className":43,"code":46161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,46163,46164,46188,46212,46226,46230],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46165,46166,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181,46184,46186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46167,46168],{"class":56},"num1 ",[50,46170,61],{"class":60},[50,46172,45953],{"class":371},[50,46174,155],{"class":64},[50,46176,43139],{"class":151},[50,46178,155],{"class":64},[50,46180,69],{"class":68},[50,46182,46183],{"class":72},"Enter the first number: ",[50,46185,69],{"class":68},[50,46187,1077],{"class":64},[50,46189,46190,46193,46195,46197,46199,46201,46203,46205,46208,46210],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46191,46192],{"class":56},"num2 ",[50,46194,61],{"class":60},[50,46196,45953],{"class":371},[50,46198,155],{"class":64},[50,46200,43139],{"class":151},[50,46202,155],{"class":64},[50,46204,69],{"class":68},[50,46206,46207],{"class":72},"Enter the second number: ",[50,46209,69],{"class":68},[50,46211,1077],{"class":64},[50,46213,46214,46216,46218,46221,46223],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46215,41858],{"class":56},[50,46217,61],{"class":60},[50,46219,46220],{"class":56}," num1 ",[50,46222,2783],{"class":60},[50,46224,46225],{"class":56}," num2\n",[50,46227,46228],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,46229,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,46231,46232,46234,46236,46238,46241,46243,46245,46248],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,46233,366],{"class":151},[50,46235,155],{"class":64},[50,46237,69],{"class":68},[50,46239,46240],{"class":72},"Total:",[50,46242,69],{"class":68},[50,46244,78],{"class":64},[50,46246,46247],{"class":158}," total",[50,46249,186],{"class":64},[20,46251,30719],{},[41,46253,46255],{"className":43,"code":46254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46256,46257,46266,46275],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46258,46259,46262,46264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46260,46261],{"class":56},"Enter the first number",[50,46263,1408],{"class":64},[50,46265,1092],{"class":111},[50,46267,46268,46271,46273],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46269,46270],{"class":56},"Enter the second number",[50,46272,1408],{"class":64},[50,46274,3299],{"class":111},[50,46276,46277,46280,46282],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46278,46279],{"class":56},"Total",[50,46281,1408],{"class":64},[50,46283,35527],{"class":111},[20,46285,46286],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46288,2931],{},[41,46290,46292],{"className":43,"code":46291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46293,46294,46312,46330,46334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46295,46296,46298,46300,46302,46304,46306,46308,46310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46297,46168],{"class":56},[50,46299,61],{"class":60},[50,46301,8954],{"class":151},[50,46303,155],{"class":64},[50,46305,69],{"class":68},[50,46307,46183],{"class":72},[50,46309,69],{"class":68},[50,46311,186],{"class":64},[50,46313,46314,46316,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46315,46192],{"class":56},[50,46317,61],{"class":60},[50,46319,8954],{"class":151},[50,46321,155],{"class":64},[50,46323,69],{"class":68},[50,46325,46207],{"class":72},[50,46327,69],{"class":68},[50,46329,186],{"class":64},[50,46331,46332],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46333,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46347],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,46337,366],{"class":151},[50,46339,155],{"class":64},[50,46341,46168],{"class":158},[50,46343,2783],{"class":60},[50,46345,46346],{"class":158}," num2",[50,46348,186],{"class":64},[20,46350,30719],{},[41,46352,46354],{"className":43,"code":46353,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46355,46356,46364,46372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46357,46358,46360,46362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46359,46261],{"class":56},[50,46361,1408],{"class":64},[50,46363,1092],{"class":111},[50,46365,46366,46368,46370],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46367,46270],{"class":56},[50,46369,1408],{"class":64},[50,46371,3299],{"class":111},[50,46373,46374],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46375,46376],{"class":111},"23\n",[20,46378,46379,46380,46383,46384,838],{},"That happens because ",[15,46381,46382],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46385,46386],{},"\"23\"",[45594,46388],{},[36,46390,46392],{"id":46391},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46394,46395,46396,838],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46397,3681],{},[1112,46399,5424,46401,42218],{"id":46400},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46402,3681],{},[20,46404,39875],{},[41,46406,46408],{"className":43,"code":46407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46409,46410,46428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46411,46412,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422,46424,46426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46413,3171],{"class":56},[50,46415,61],{"class":60},[50,46417,8954],{"class":151},[50,46419,155],{"class":64},[50,46421,69],{"class":68},[50,46423,42547],{"class":72},[50,46425,69],{"class":68},[50,46427,186],{"class":64},[50,46429,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46431,366],{"class":151},[50,46433,155],{"class":64},[50,46435,3945],{"class":371},[50,46437,155],{"class":64},[50,46439,3197],{"class":158},[50,46441,1077],{"class":64},[20,46443,189],{},[41,46445,46447],{"className":43,"code":46446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46448,46449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46452,4014],{"class":60},[50,46454,4017],{"class":752},[50,46456,408],{"class":68},[50,46458,4167],{"class":72},[50,46460,413],{"class":68},[50,46462,4026],{"class":60},[20,46464,46465],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1112,46467,46469],{"id":46468},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46471,46472],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[41,46474,46476],{"className":43,"code":46475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46477,46478,46496,46515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46479,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46481,1942],{"class":56},[50,46483,61],{"class":60},[50,46485,8954],{"class":151},[50,46487,155],{"class":64},[50,46489,69],{"class":68},[50,46491,42547],{"class":72},[50,46493,69],{"class":68},[50,46495,186],{"class":64},[50,46497,46498,46500,46502,46504,46506,46508,46511,46513],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46499,3304],{"class":56},[50,46501,61],{"class":60},[50,46503,8954],{"class":151},[50,46505,155],{"class":64},[50,46507,69],{"class":68},[50,46509,46510],{"class":72},"Enter another number: ",[50,46512,69],{"class":68},[50,46514,186],{"class":64},[50,46516,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46518,366],{"class":151},[50,46520,155],{"class":64},[50,46522,1942],{"class":158},[50,46524,2783],{"class":60},[50,46526,1948],{"class":158},[50,46528,186],{"class":64},[20,46530,41796,46531,827,46533,46535,46536,19662,46539,838],{},[15,46532,1089],{},[15,46534,2859],{},", the result is ",[15,46537,46538],{},"45",[15,46540,2867],{},[1112,46542,46544,46545,46547,46548],{"id":46543},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46546,41381],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46549,3601],{},[20,46551,2931],{},[41,46553,46555],{"className":43,"code":46554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46556,46557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46558,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46560,22327],{"class":56},[50,46562,61],{"class":60},[50,46564,45953],{"class":371},[50,46566,155],{"class":64},[50,46568,43139],{"class":151},[50,46570,155],{"class":64},[50,46572,69],{"class":68},[50,46574,45857],{"class":72},[50,46576,69],{"class":68},[50,46578,1077],{"class":64},[20,46580,8983,46581,46584,46585,838],{},[15,46582,46583],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46586,41381],{},[20,46588,46589,46590,838],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[335,46591,46593],{"href":46592},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1112,46595,46597],{"id":46596},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46599,46600],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[41,46602,46604],{"className":43,"code":46603,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46605,46606,46624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620,46622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46609,8589],{"class":56},[50,46611,61],{"class":60},[50,46613,8954],{"class":151},[50,46615,155],{"class":64},[50,46617,69],{"class":68},[50,46619,45564],{"class":72},[50,46621,69],{"class":68},[50,46623,186],{"class":64},[50,46625,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46627,366],{"class":151},[50,46629,155],{"class":64},[50,46631,42455],{"class":151},[50,46633,155],{"class":64},[50,46635,178],{"class":158},[50,46637,1077],{"class":64},[20,46639,46640],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46642,46643,46644,1408],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46645,46646],{},".strip()",[41,46648,46650],{"className":43,"code":46649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46651,46652,46674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46653,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670,46672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46655,8589],{"class":56},[50,46657,61],{"class":60},[50,46659,8954],{"class":151},[50,46661,155],{"class":64},[50,46663,69],{"class":68},[50,46665,45564],{"class":72},[50,46667,69],{"class":68},[50,46669,9342],{"class":64},[50,46671,9345],{"class":158},[50,46673,9354],{"class":64},[50,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46677,366],{"class":151},[50,46679,155],{"class":64},[50,46681,178],{"class":158},[50,46683,186],{"class":64},[45594,46685],{},[36,46687,46689],{"id":46688},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46691,46692,46693,46695],{},"These habits make ",[15,46694,3681],{}," easier and safer to use.",[233,46697,46698,46701,46706,46709],{},[236,46699,46700],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[236,46702,221,46703,46705],{},[15,46704,46646],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[236,46707,46708],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[236,46710,221,46711,46713],{},[15,46712,30471],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46715,46716,46717,1408],{},"Example with ",[15,46718,46646],{},[41,46720,46722],{"className":43,"code":46721,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46723,46724,46748],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46725,46726,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46740,46742,46744,46746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46727,46728],{"class":56},"city ",[50,46730,61],{"class":60},[50,46732,8954],{"class":151},[50,46734,155],{"class":64},[50,46736,69],{"class":68},[50,46738,46739],{"class":72},"Enter your city: ",[50,46741,69],{"class":68},[50,46743,9342],{"class":64},[50,46745,9345],{"class":158},[50,46747,9354],{"class":64},[50,46749,46750,46752,46754,46756,46759,46761,46763,46765],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46751,366],{"class":151},[50,46753,155],{"class":64},[50,46755,69],{"class":68},[50,46757,46758],{"class":72},"City:",[50,46760,69],{"class":68},[50,46762,78],{"class":64},[50,46764,32072],{"class":158},[50,46766,186],{"class":64},[20,46768,46716,46769,1408],{},[15,46770,30471],{},[41,46772,46774],{"className":43,"code":46773,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46775,46776,46782,46805,46837,46845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46777,46778,46780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46779,30493],{"class":137},[50,46781,2229],{"class":64},[50,46783,46784,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46785,46786],{"class":56},"    age ",[50,46788,61],{"class":60},[50,46790,45953],{"class":371},[50,46792,155],{"class":64},[50,46794,43139],{"class":151},[50,46796,155],{"class":64},[50,46798,69],{"class":68},[50,46800,45857],{"class":72},[50,46802,69],{"class":68},[50,46804,1077],{"class":64},[50,46806,46807,46809,46811,46813,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46833,46835],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46808,173],{"class":151},[50,46810,155],{"class":64},[50,46812,69],{"class":68},[50,46814,46815],{"class":72},"You will be",[50,46817,69],{"class":68},[50,46819,78],{"class":64},[50,46821,46135],{"class":158},[50,46823,2783],{"class":60},[50,46825,6212],{"class":111},[50,46827,78],{"class":64},[50,46829,81],{"class":68},[50,46831,46832],{"class":72},"next year",[50,46834,69],{"class":68},[50,46836,186],{"class":64},[50,46838,46839,46841,46843],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,46840,30524],{"class":137},[50,46842,42602],{"class":371},[50,46844,2229],{"class":64},[50,46846,46847,46849,46851,46853,46856,46858],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,46848,173],{"class":151},[50,46850,155],{"class":64},[50,46852,69],{"class":68},[50,46854,46855],{"class":72},"Please enter a whole number.",[50,46857,69],{"class":68},[50,46859,186],{"class":64},[20,46861,46862],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46864,46865,46866,838],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[335,46867,46869],{"href":46868},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45594,46871],{},[36,46873,3553],{"id":3552},[20,46875,46876,46877,1408],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46878,3681],{},[233,46880,46881,46888,46891,46894],{},[236,46882,46883,46884,3602,46886],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46885,3601],{},[15,46887,3608],{},[236,46889,46890],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[236,46892,46893],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[236,46895,46896],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46898,32770],{},[41,46900,46902],{"className":43,"code":46901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46903,46904,46914,46928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46907,366],{"class":151},[50,46909,155],{"class":64},[50,46911,3197],{"class":158},[50,46913,186],{"class":64},[50,46915,46916,46918,46920,46922,46924,46926],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46917,366],{"class":151},[50,46919,155],{"class":64},[50,46921,3945],{"class":371},[50,46923,155],{"class":64},[50,46925,3197],{"class":158},[50,46927,1077],{"class":64},[50,46929,46930,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,46931,366],{"class":151},[50,46933,155],{"class":64},[50,46935,42455],{"class":151},[50,46937,155],{"class":64},[50,46939,3197],{"class":158},[50,46941,1077],{"class":64},[20,46943,46944,46945,46947],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46946,3681],{}," actually returned:",[233,46949,46950,46955,46960],{},[236,46951,46952,46954],{},[15,46953,42503],{}," shows the value",[236,46956,46957,46959],{},[15,46958,42509],{}," shows the data type",[236,46961,46962,46964],{},[15,46963,42514],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46966,2931],{},[41,46968,46970],{"className":43,"code":46969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46971,46972,46991,47001,47015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46973,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46987,46989],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46975,3171],{"class":56},[50,46977,61],{"class":60},[50,46979,8954],{"class":151},[50,46981,155],{"class":64},[50,46983,69],{"class":68},[50,46985,46986],{"class":72},"Enter something: ",[50,46988,69],{"class":68},[50,46990,186],{"class":64},[50,46992,46993,46995,46997,46999],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,46994,366],{"class":151},[50,46996,155],{"class":64},[50,46998,3197],{"class":158},[50,47000,186],{"class":64},[50,47002,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47004,366],{"class":151},[50,47006,155],{"class":64},[50,47008,3945],{"class":371},[50,47010,155],{"class":64},[50,47012,3197],{"class":158},[50,47014,1077],{"class":64},[50,47016,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,47018,366],{"class":151},[50,47020,155],{"class":64},[50,47022,42455],{"class":151},[50,47024,155],{"class":64},[50,47026,3197],{"class":158},[50,47028,1077],{"class":64},[45594,47030],{},[36,47032,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,47034,2569,47036,47038],{"id":47035},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,47037,3681],{}," return an integer?",[20,47040,47041,47042,47044,47045,40606],{},"No. ",[15,47043,3681],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,47046,3601],{},[1112,47048,47050,47051,2582],{"id":47049},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,47052,3681],{},[20,47054,47055,47056,47058],{},"No. You can call ",[15,47057,3681],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1112,47060,5871,47062,47065,47066,2582],{"id":47061},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,47063,47064],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,47067,3681],{},[20,47069,1107,47070,47072,47073,42831,47075,47077],{},[15,47071,3681],{}," returns strings. ",[15,47074,46382],{},[15,47076,46386],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1112,47079,47081],{"id":47080},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,47083,221,47084,47086,47087,838],{},[15,47085,46646],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,47088,47089],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45594,47091],{},[36,47093,2610],{"id":2609},[233,47095,47096,47101,47105,47111,47117,47121],{},[236,47097,47098],{},[335,47099,47100],{"href":46868},"How to get user input in Python",[236,47102,47103],{},[335,47104,9770],{"href":9692},[236,47106,47107],{},[335,47108,13,47109,2551],{"href":3598},[15,47110,3601],{},[236,47112,47113],{},[335,47114,13,47115,2551],{"href":3605},[15,47116,3608],{},[236,47118,47119],{},[335,47120,46593],{"href":46592},[236,47122,47123],{},[335,47124,13,47126,2551],{"href":47125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,47127,47128],{},"print()",[2640,47130,47131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":47133},[47134,47135,47137,47138,47140,47146,47154,47155,47156,47165],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":45598,"depth":101,"text":47136},"What input() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":45826,"depth":101,"text":47139},"What input() returns",{"id":46029,"depth":101,"text":46030,"children":47141},[47142,47143,47145],{"id":46033,"depth":127,"text":46034},{"id":46086,"depth":127,"text":47144},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46157,"depth":127,"text":46158},{"id":46391,"depth":101,"text":46392,"children":47147},[47148,47150,47151,47153],{"id":46400,"depth":127,"text":47149},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46468,"depth":127,"text":46469},{"id":46543,"depth":127,"text":47152},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46596,"depth":127,"text":46597},{"id":46688,"depth":101,"text":46689},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":47157},[47158,47160,47162,47164],{"id":47035,"depth":127,"text":47159},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":47049,"depth":127,"text":47161},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":47061,"depth":127,"text":47163},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47080,"depth":127,"text":47081},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42870,"description":47166},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47173,"title":42772,"body":47174,"description":49486,"extension":2687,"meta":49487,"navigation":130,"path":49488,"seo":49489,"stem":49490,"__hash__":49491},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47175,"toc":49438},[47176,47181,47186,47191,47212,47215,47217,47276,47278,47297,47302,47307,47312,47314,47327,47329,47412,47414,47455,47461,47463,47493,47499,47502,47519,47521,47573,47575,47593,47599,47605,47608,47626,47628,47701,47703,47722,47729,47735,47740,47743,47803,47805,47824,47827,47830,47845,47851,47855,47916,47918,47939,47943,48072,48074,48204,48214,48220,48226,48234,48300,48302,48327,48330,48347,48360,48366,48369,48402,48404,48417,48420,48463,48465,48473,48480,48484,48491,48495,48522,48524,48532,48538,48555,48560,48564,48591,48593,48601,48605,48610,48613,48639,48642,48651,48659,48663,48673,48677,48680,48682,48733,48735,48765,48775,48802,48804,48812,48822,48826,48829,48831,48879,48881,48925,48931,48982,48984,49003,49008,49013,49016,49035,49038,49090,49092,49101,49103,49107,49111,49114,49123,49130,49132,49159,49163,49165,49174,49177,49184,49190,49250,49254,49256,49264,49267,49293,49299,49302,49322,49324,49333,49341,49343,49349,49354,49361,49371,49377,49385,49389,49392,49394,49435],[10,47177,13,47179,18],{"id":47178},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47180,3601],{},[20,47182,33004,47183,47185],{},[15,47184,3601],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47187,36091,47188,47190],{},[15,47189,3601],{}," when they want to:",[233,47192,47193,47203,47206,47209],{},[236,47194,47195,47196,47199,47200],{},"turn text like ",[15,47197,47198],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47201,47202],{},"42",[236,47204,47205],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[236,47207,47208],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[236,47210,47211],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47213,47214],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[36,47216,39],{"id":38},[41,47218,47220],{"className":43,"code":47219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47221,47222,47240,47254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47223,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47225,366],{"class":151},[50,47227,155],{"class":64},[50,47229,2911],{"class":371},[50,47231,155],{"class":64},[50,47233,69],{"class":68},[50,47235,47202],{"class":72},[50,47237,69],{"class":68},[50,47239,1077],{"class":64},[50,47241,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47243,366],{"class":151},[50,47245,155],{"class":64},[50,47247,2911],{"class":371},[50,47249,155],{"class":64},[50,47251,42660],{"class":111},[50,47253,1077],{"class":64},[50,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47257,366],{"class":151},[50,47259,155],{"class":64},[50,47261,2911],{"class":371},[50,47263,155],{"class":64},[50,47265,69],{"class":68},[50,47267,1793],{"class":72},[50,47269,69],{"class":68},[50,47271,78],{"class":64},[50,47273,314],{"class":111},[50,47275,1077],{"class":64},[20,47277,189],{},[41,47279,47281],{"className":43,"code":47280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47282,47283,47288,47293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47284,47285],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47286,47287],{"class":111},"42\n",[50,47289,47290],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47291,47292],{"class":111},"3\n",[50,47294,47295],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47296,3670],{"class":111},[20,47298,221,47299,47301],{},[15,47300,3601],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[36,47303,228,47305,231],{"id":47304},"what-int-does",[15,47306,3601],{},[20,47308,47309,47311],{},[15,47310,3601],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47313,13755],{},[233,47315,47316,47321,47324],{},[236,47317,47318,47319,8053],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47320,2911],{},[236,47322,47323],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[236,47325,47326],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47328,2931],{},[41,47330,47332],{"className":43,"code":47331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47333,47334,47346,47360,47364,47374,47384,47398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47337,35372],{"class":56},[50,47339,61],{"class":60},[50,47341,81],{"class":68},[50,47343,9904],{"class":72},[50,47345,4082],{"class":68},[50,47347,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47349,2941],{"class":56},[50,47351,61],{"class":60},[50,47353,45953],{"class":371},[50,47355,155],{"class":64},[50,47357,35393],{"class":158},[50,47359,186],{"class":64},[50,47361,47362],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47363,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,47365,47366,47368,47370,47372],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,47367,366],{"class":151},[50,47369,155],{"class":64},[50,47371,35393],{"class":158},[50,47373,186],{"class":64},[50,47375,47376,47378,47380,47382],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,47377,366],{"class":151},[50,47379,155],{"class":64},[50,47381,2964],{"class":158},[50,47383,186],{"class":64},[50,47385,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,47387,366],{"class":151},[50,47389,155],{"class":64},[50,47391,3945],{"class":371},[50,47393,155],{"class":64},[50,47395,35393],{"class":158},[50,47397,1077],{"class":64},[50,47399,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,47401,366],{"class":151},[50,47403,155],{"class":64},[50,47405,3945],{"class":371},[50,47407,155],{"class":64},[50,47409,2964],{"class":158},[50,47411,1077],{"class":64},[20,47413,189],{},[41,47415,47417],{"className":43,"code":47416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47418,47419,47423,47427,47441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47420,47421],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47422,3431],{"class":111},[50,47424,47425],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47426,3431],{"class":111},[50,47428,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47430,4014],{"class":60},[50,47432,4017],{"class":752},[50,47434,408],{"class":68},[50,47436,4167],{"class":72},[50,47438,413],{"class":68},[50,47440,4026],{"class":60},[50,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,47444,4014],{"class":60},[50,47446,4017],{"class":752},[50,47448,408],{"class":68},[50,47450,2911],{"class":72},[50,47452,413],{"class":68},[50,47454,4026],{"class":60},[20,47456,47457,47458,47460],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47459,3601],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[36,47462,256],{"id":255},[41,47464,47466],{"className":43,"code":47465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47467,47468,47478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47469,47470,47472,47474,47476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47471,2911],{"class":371},[50,47473,155],{"class":64},[50,47475,2896],{"class":158},[50,47477,186],{"class":64},[50,47479,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47491],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47481,2911],{"class":371},[50,47483,155],{"class":64},[50,47485,2896],{"class":158},[50,47487,78],{"class":64},[50,47489,47490],{"class":158}," base",[50,47492,186],{"class":64},[1112,47494,47496],{"id":47495},"intx",[15,47497,47498],{},"int(x)",[20,47500,47501],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[233,47503,47504,47509,47514],{},[236,47505,47506,47507],{},"a string such as ",[15,47508,42802],{},[236,47510,47511,47512],{},"a float such as ",[15,47513,42660],{},[236,47515,47516,47517],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47518,4326],{},[20,47520,2931],{},[41,47522,47524],{"className":43,"code":47523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47525,47526,47544,47559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47529,366],{"class":151},[50,47531,155],{"class":64},[50,47533,2911],{"class":371},[50,47535,155],{"class":64},[50,47537,69],{"class":68},[50,47539,1868],{"class":72},[50,47541,69],{"class":68},[50,47543,1077],{"class":64},[50,47545,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47557],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47547,366],{"class":151},[50,47549,155],{"class":64},[50,47551,2911],{"class":371},[50,47553,155],{"class":64},[50,47555,47556],{"class":111},"8.7",[50,47558,1077],{"class":64},[50,47560,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47562,366],{"class":151},[50,47564,155],{"class":64},[50,47566,2911],{"class":371},[50,47568,155],{"class":64},[50,47570,4326],{"class":1806},[50,47572,1077],{"class":64},[20,47574,189],{},[41,47576,47578],{"className":43,"code":47577,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47579,47580,47584,47588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47581,47582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47583,3100],{"class":111},[50,47585,47586],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47587,3105],{"class":111},[50,47589,47590],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47591,47592],{"class":111},"1\n",[1112,47594,47596],{"id":47595},"intx-base",[15,47597,47598],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47600,47601,47602,47604],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47603,2896],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47606,47607],{},"Common bases:",[233,47609,47610,47615,47620],{},[236,47611,47612,47614],{},[15,47613,422],{}," for binary",[236,47616,47617,47619],{},[15,47618,3069],{}," for octal",[236,47621,47622,47625],{},[15,47623,47624],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47627,2931],{},[41,47629,47631],{"className":43,"code":47630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47632,47633,47655,47678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47634,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47636,366],{"class":151},[50,47638,155],{"class":64},[50,47640,2911],{"class":371},[50,47642,155],{"class":64},[50,47644,69],{"class":68},[50,47646,1793],{"class":72},[50,47648,69],{"class":68},[50,47650,78],{"class":64},[50,47652,314],{"class":111},[50,47654,1077],{"class":64},[50,47656,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47670,47672,47674,47676],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47658,366],{"class":151},[50,47660,155],{"class":64},[50,47662,2911],{"class":371},[50,47664,155],{"class":64},[50,47666,69],{"class":68},[50,47668,47669],{"class":72},"17",[50,47671,69],{"class":68},[50,47673,78],{"class":64},[50,47675,7073],{"class":111},[50,47677,1077],{"class":64},[50,47679,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47693,47695,47697,47699],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47681,366],{"class":151},[50,47683,155],{"class":64},[50,47685,2911],{"class":371},[50,47687,155],{"class":64},[50,47689,69],{"class":68},[50,47691,47692],{"class":72},"1A",[50,47694,69],{"class":68},[50,47696,78],{"class":64},[50,47698,14689],{"class":111},[50,47700,1077],{"class":64},[20,47702,189],{},[41,47704,47706],{"className":43,"code":47705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47707,47708,47712,47717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47709,47710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47711,3670],{"class":111},[50,47713,47714],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47715,47716],{"class":111},"15\n",[50,47718,47719],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47720,47721],{"class":111},"26\n",[20,47723,47724,47725,838],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[335,47726,47727,3027],{"href":3605},[15,47728,3608],{},[36,47730,2447,47732,47734],{"id":47731},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47733,3601],{}," with strings",[20,47736,47737,47739],{},[15,47738,3601],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47741,47742],{},"Examples that work:",[41,47744,47746],{"className":43,"code":47745,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47747,47748,47766,47784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47749,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47751,366],{"class":151},[50,47753,155],{"class":64},[50,47755,2911],{"class":371},[50,47757,155],{"class":64},[50,47759,69],{"class":68},[50,47761,2859],{"class":72},[50,47763,69],{"class":68},[50,47765,1077],{"class":64},[50,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47769,366],{"class":151},[50,47771,155],{"class":64},[50,47773,2911],{"class":371},[50,47775,155],{"class":64},[50,47777,69],{"class":68},[50,47779,3016],{"class":72},[50,47781,69],{"class":68},[50,47783,1077],{"class":64},[50,47785,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796,47799,47801],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47787,366],{"class":151},[50,47789,155],{"class":64},[50,47791,2911],{"class":371},[50,47793,155],{"class":64},[50,47795,69],{"class":68},[50,47797,47798],{"class":72},"  42  ",[50,47800,69],{"class":68},[50,47802,1077],{"class":64},[20,47804,189],{},[41,47806,47808],{"className":43,"code":47807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47809,47810,47814,47820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47811,47812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47813,3670],{"class":111},[50,47815,47816,47818],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47817,2746],{"class":60},[50,47819,2949],{"class":111},[50,47821,47822],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47823,47287],{"class":111},[20,47825,47826],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47828,47829],{},"Examples that fail:",[41,47831,47833],{"className":43,"code":47832,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47834,47835,47840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47836,47837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47838,47839],{"class":4385},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[50,47841,47842],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47843,47844],{"class":4385},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47846,47847,47848,47850],{},"These raise ",[15,47849,41381],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1112,47852,47854],{"id":47853},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[41,47856,47858],{"className":43,"code":47857,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47859,47860,47878,47897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47861,47862,47864,47866,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47863,366],{"class":151},[50,47865,155],{"class":64},[50,47867,2911],{"class":371},[50,47869,155],{"class":64},[50,47871,69],{"class":68},[50,47873,2842],{"class":72},[50,47875,69],{"class":68},[50,47877,1077],{"class":64},[50,47879,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890,47893,47895],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47881,366],{"class":151},[50,47883,155],{"class":64},[50,47885,2911],{"class":371},[50,47887,155],{"class":64},[50,47889,69],{"class":68},[50,47891,47892],{"class":72},"+7",[50,47894,69],{"class":68},[50,47896,1077],{"class":64},[50,47898,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47912,47914],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47900,366],{"class":151},[50,47902,155],{"class":64},[50,47904,2911],{"class":371},[50,47906,155],{"class":64},[50,47908,69],{"class":68},[50,47910,47911],{"class":72},"-100",[50,47913,69],{"class":68},[50,47915,1077],{"class":64},[20,47917,189],{},[41,47919,47921],{"className":43,"code":47920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47922,47923,47928,47932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47924,47925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47926,47927],{"class":111},"0\n",[50,47929,47930],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47931,2802],{"class":111},[50,47933,47934,47936],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47935,2746],{"class":60},[50,47937,47938],{"class":111},"100\n",[1112,47940,47942],{"id":47941},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[41,47944,47946],{"className":43,"code":47945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47947,47948,47986,47990,48002,48009,48024,48039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47949,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47982,47984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47951,1321],{"class":56},[50,47953,61],{"class":60},[50,47955,65],{"class":64},[50,47957,69],{"class":68},[50,47959,40820],{"class":72},[50,47961,69],{"class":68},[50,47963,78],{"class":64},[50,47965,81],{"class":68},[50,47967,47968],{"class":72},"12abc",[50,47970,69],{"class":68},[50,47972,78],{"class":64},[50,47974,6839],{"class":68},[50,47976,78],{"class":64},[50,47978,81],{"class":68},[50,47980,47981],{"class":72},"seven",[50,47983,69],{"class":68},[50,47985,98],{"class":64},[50,47987,47988],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,47989,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,47991,47992,47994,47996,47998,48000],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,47993,33],{"class":137},[50,47995,22283],{"class":56},[50,47997,148],{"class":137},[50,47999,1375],{"class":56},[50,48001,2229],{"class":64},[50,48003,48004,48007],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48005,48006],{"class":137},"    try",[50,48008,2229],{"class":64},[50,48010,48011,48014,48016,48018,48020,48022],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,48012,48013],{"class":151},"        print",[50,48015,155],{"class":64},[50,48017,2911],{"class":371},[50,48019,155],{"class":64},[50,48021,3197],{"class":158},[50,48023,1077],{"class":64},[50,48025,48026,48029,48031,48034,48037],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,48027,48028],{"class":137},"    except",[50,48030,42602],{"class":371},[50,48032,48033],{"class":137}," as",[50,48035,48036],{"class":56}," error",[50,48038,2229],{"class":64},[50,48040,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053,48056,48058,48061,48063,48066,48068,48070],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,48042,48013],{"class":151},[50,48044,155],{"class":64},[50,48046,753],{"class":752},[50,48048,69],{"class":72},[50,48050,758],{"class":111},[50,48052,3197],{"class":158},[50,48054,48055],{"class":752},"!r",[50,48057,763],{"class":111},[50,48059,48060],{"class":72}," -> ",[50,48062,758],{"class":111},[50,48064,48065],{"class":158},"error",[50,48067,763],{"class":111},[50,48069,69],{"class":72},[50,48071,186],{"class":64},[20,48073,189],{},[41,48075,48077],{"className":43,"code":48076,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,48078,48079,48115,48147,48172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48080,48081,48083,48085,48087,48090,48093,48095,48097,48099,48102,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48082,413],{"class":44005},[50,48084,40820],{"class":44009},[50,48086,413],{"class":44005},[50,48088,48089],{"class":38044}," ->",[50,48091,48092],{"class":56}," invalid literal ",[50,48094,33],{"class":137},[50,48096,45953],{"class":371},[50,48098,8079],{"class":64},[50,48100,48101],{"class":137}," with",[50,48103,48104],{"class":56}," base ",[50,48106,1868],{"class":111},[50,48108,1408],{"class":64},[50,48110,408],{"class":68},[50,48112,40820],{"class":72},[50,48114,30389],{"class":68},[50,48116,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141,48143,48145],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48118,413],{"class":68},[50,48120,47968],{"class":72},[50,48122,413],{"class":68},[50,48124,48089],{"class":38044},[50,48126,48092],{"class":56},[50,48128,33],{"class":137},[50,48130,45953],{"class":371},[50,48132,8079],{"class":64},[50,48134,48101],{"class":137},[50,48136,48104],{"class":56},[50,48138,1868],{"class":111},[50,48140,1408],{"class":64},[50,48142,408],{"class":68},[50,48144,47968],{"class":72},[50,48146,30389],{"class":68},[50,48148,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157,48159,48161,48163,48165,48167,48169],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48150,4496],{"class":68},[50,48152,48089],{"class":38044},[50,48154,48092],{"class":56},[50,48156,33],{"class":137},[50,48158,45953],{"class":371},[50,48160,8079],{"class":64},[50,48162,48101],{"class":137},[50,48164,48104],{"class":56},[50,48166,1868],{"class":111},[50,48168,1408],{"class":64},[50,48170,48171],{"class":68}," ''\n",[50,48173,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48175,413],{"class":68},[50,48177,47981],{"class":72},[50,48179,413],{"class":68},[50,48181,48089],{"class":38044},[50,48183,48092],{"class":56},[50,48185,33],{"class":137},[50,48187,45953],{"class":371},[50,48189,8079],{"class":64},[50,48191,48101],{"class":137},[50,48193,48104],{"class":56},[50,48195,1868],{"class":111},[50,48197,1408],{"class":64},[50,48199,408],{"class":68},[50,48201,47981],{"class":72},[50,48203,30389],{"class":68},[20,48205,48206,48207,48209,48210,838],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[335,48208,9693],{"href":9692}," and the ",[335,48211,48212,3027],{"href":8931},[15,48213,3681],{},[36,48215,2447,48217,48219],{"id":48216},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48218,3601],{}," with floats",[20,48221,48222,48223,48225],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48224,3601],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48227,48228,48229,14755,48231,48233],{},"Important: ",[15,48230,3601],{},[4465,48232,5351],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[41,48235,48237],{"className":43,"code":48236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48238,48239,48253,48268,48284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48240,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48242,366],{"class":151},[50,48244,155],{"class":64},[50,48246,2911],{"class":371},[50,48248,155],{"class":64},[50,48250,42660],{"class":111},[50,48252,1077],{"class":64},[50,48254,48255,48257,48259,48261,48263,48266],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48256,366],{"class":151},[50,48258,155],{"class":64},[50,48260,2911],{"class":371},[50,48262,155],{"class":64},[50,48264,48265],{"class":111},"3.1",[50,48267,1077],{"class":64},[50,48269,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48271,366],{"class":151},[50,48273,155],{"class":64},[50,48275,2911],{"class":371},[50,48277,155],{"class":64},[50,48279,2746],{"class":60},[50,48281,42660],{"class":111},[50,48283,1077],{"class":64},[50,48285,48286,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48287,366],{"class":151},[50,48289,155],{"class":64},[50,48291,2911],{"class":371},[50,48293,155],{"class":64},[50,48295,2746],{"class":60},[50,48297,48265],{"class":111},[50,48299,1077],{"class":64},[20,48301,189],{},[41,48303,48305],{"className":43,"code":48304,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48306,48307,48311,48315,48321],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48308,48309],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48310,47292],{"class":111},[50,48312,48313],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48314,47292],{"class":111},[50,48316,48317,48319],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48318,2746],{"class":60},[50,48320,47292],{"class":111},[50,48322,48323,48325],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48324,2746],{"class":60},[50,48326,47292],{"class":111},[20,48328,48329],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[233,48331,48332,48339],{},[236,48333,48334,42831,48337],{},[15,48335,48336],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48338,437],{},[236,48340,48341,42831,48344],{},[15,48342,48343],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48345,48346],{},"-3",[20,48348,48349,48350,48354,48355,838],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[335,48351,48352],{"href":3605},[15,48353,3608],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[335,48356,48357],{"href":42851},[15,48358,48359],{},"str()",[36,48361,2447,48363,48365],{"id":48362},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48364,3601],{}," with booleans",[20,48367,48368],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[41,48370,48372],{"className":43,"code":48371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48373,48374,48388],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48375,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48377,366],{"class":151},[50,48379,155],{"class":64},[50,48381,2911],{"class":371},[50,48383,155],{"class":64},[50,48385,4326],{"class":1806},[50,48387,1077],{"class":64},[50,48389,48390,48392,48394,48396,48398,48400],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48391,366],{"class":151},[50,48393,155],{"class":64},[50,48395,2911],{"class":371},[50,48397,155],{"class":64},[50,48399,4396],{"class":1806},[50,48401,1077],{"class":64},[20,48403,189],{},[41,48405,48407],{"className":43,"code":48406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n0\n",[15,48408,48409,48413],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48410,48411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48412,47592],{"class":111},[50,48414,48415],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48416,47927],{"class":111},[20,48418,48419],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[41,48421,48423],{"className":43,"code":48422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48424,48425,48434,48449,48453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48426,48427,48430,48432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48428,48429],{"class":56},"passed ",[50,48431,61],{"class":60},[50,48433,7135],{"class":1806},[50,48435,48436,48438,48440,48442,48444,48447],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48437,41858],{"class":56},[50,48439,61],{"class":60},[50,48441,45953],{"class":371},[50,48443,155],{"class":64},[50,48445,48446],{"class":158},"passed",[50,48448,186],{"class":64},[50,48450,48451],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48452,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,48454,48455,48457,48459,48461],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48456,366],{"class":151},[50,48458,155],{"class":64},[50,48460,41887],{"class":158},[50,48462,186],{"class":64},[20,48464,189],{},[41,48466,48467],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48468,48469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48470,48471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48472,47592],{"class":111},[20,48474,48475,48476,838],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[335,48477,48478,3027],{"href":6494},[15,48479,4536],{},[36,48481,48483],{"id":48482},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48485,48486,48487,48490],{},"Use the ",[15,48488,48489],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1112,48492,48494],{"id":48493},"binary-example","Binary example",[41,48496,48498],{"className":43,"code":48497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48499,48500],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48501,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48503,366],{"class":151},[50,48505,155],{"class":64},[50,48507,2911],{"class":371},[50,48509,155],{"class":64},[50,48511,69],{"class":68},[50,48513,1793],{"class":72},[50,48515,69],{"class":68},[50,48517,78],{"class":64},[50,48519,314],{"class":111},[50,48521,1077],{"class":64},[20,48523,189],{},[41,48525,48526],{"className":43,"code":3670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48527,48528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48529,48530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48531,3670],{"class":111},[20,48533,48534,48537],{},[15,48535,48536],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[233,48539,48540,48545,48550],{},[236,48541,48542],{},[15,48543,48544],{},"1 × 4",[236,48546,48547],{},[15,48548,48549],{},"0 × 2",[236,48551,48552],{},[15,48553,48554],{},"1 × 1",[20,48556,48557,48558,838],{},"So the result is ",[15,48559,2859],{},[1112,48561,48563],{"id":48562},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[41,48565,48567],{"className":43,"code":48566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48568,48569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48570,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48572,366],{"class":151},[50,48574,155],{"class":64},[50,48576,2911],{"class":371},[50,48578,155],{"class":64},[50,48580,69],{"class":68},[50,48582,47692],{"class":72},[50,48584,69],{"class":68},[50,48586,78],{"class":64},[50,48588,14689],{"class":111},[50,48590,1077],{"class":64},[20,48592,189],{},[41,48594,48595],{"className":43,"code":47721,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48596,48597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48598,48599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48600,47721],{"class":111},[1112,48602,48604],{"id":48603},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48606,2704,48607,48609],{},[15,48608,48489],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48611,48612],{},"Good:",[41,48614,48615],{"className":43,"code":48497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48616,48617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48618,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633,48635,48637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48620,366],{"class":151},[50,48622,155],{"class":64},[50,48624,2911],{"class":371},[50,48626,155],{"class":64},[50,48628,69],{"class":68},[50,48630,1793],{"class":72},[50,48632,69],{"class":68},[50,48634,78],{"class":64},[50,48636,314],{"class":111},[50,48638,1077],{"class":64},[20,48640,48641],{},"Not correct:",[41,48643,48645],{"className":43,"code":48644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48646,48647],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48648,48649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48650,48644],{"class":4385},[20,48652,48653,48654,9312,48656,48658],{},"That causes a ",[15,48655,3727],{},[15,48657,48489],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[36,48660,48662],{"id":48661},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48664,48665,48666,48668,48669,827,48671,838],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48667,3601],{}," are ",[15,48670,41381],{},[15,48672,3727],{},[1112,48674,48675],{"id":42189},[15,48676,41381],{},[20,48678,48679],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48681,2931],{},[41,48683,48685],{"className":43,"code":48684,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48686,48687,48693,48711,48723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48688,48689,48691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48690,30493],{"class":137},[50,48692,2229],{"class":64},[50,48694,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48696,173],{"class":151},[50,48698,155],{"class":64},[50,48700,2911],{"class":371},[50,48702,155],{"class":64},[50,48704,69],{"class":68},[50,48706,40820],{"class":72},[50,48708,69],{"class":68},[50,48710,1077],{"class":64},[50,48712,48713,48715,48717,48719,48721],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48714,30524],{"class":137},[50,48716,42602],{"class":371},[50,48718,48033],{"class":137},[50,48720,48036],{"class":56},[50,48722,2229],{"class":64},[50,48724,48725,48727,48729,48731],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48726,173],{"class":151},[50,48728,155],{"class":64},[50,48730,48065],{"class":158},[50,48732,186],{"class":64},[20,48734,189],{},[41,48736,48738],{"className":43,"code":48737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48739,48740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48741,48742,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48743,48744],{"class":56},"invalid literal ",[50,48746,33],{"class":137},[50,48748,45953],{"class":371},[50,48750,8079],{"class":64},[50,48752,48101],{"class":137},[50,48754,48104],{"class":56},[50,48756,1868],{"class":111},[50,48758,1408],{"class":64},[50,48760,408],{"class":68},[50,48762,40820],{"class":72},[50,48764,30389],{"class":68},[20,48766,48767,48768,48771,48772,48774],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48769,48770],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48773,3601],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[41,48776,48778],{"className":43,"code":48777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48779,48780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48781,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48783,366],{"class":151},[50,48785,155],{"class":64},[50,48787,2911],{"class":371},[50,48789,155],{"class":64},[50,48791,2915],{"class":371},[50,48793,155],{"class":64},[50,48795,69],{"class":68},[50,48797,40820],{"class":72},[50,48799,69],{"class":68},[50,48801,389],{"class":64},[20,48803,189],{},[41,48805,48806],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48807,48808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48809,48810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48811,47292],{"class":111},[20,48813,48814,48815,827,48818,838],{},"If you see this often, read ",[335,48816,48817],{"href":3685},"how to convert string to int in Python",[335,48819,26370,48820],{"href":46592},[15,48821,46593],{},[1112,48823,48824],{"id":42255},[15,48825,3727],{},[20,48827,48828],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48830,2931],{},[41,48832,48834],{"className":43,"code":48833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48835,48836,48842,48856,48869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48837,48838,48840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48839,30493],{"class":137},[50,48841,2229],{"class":64},[50,48843,48844,48846,48848,48850,48852,48854],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48845,173],{"class":151},[50,48847,155],{"class":64},[50,48849,2911],{"class":371},[50,48851,155],{"class":64},[50,48853,4501],{"class":1806},[50,48855,1077],{"class":64},[50,48857,48858,48860,48863,48865,48867],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48859,30524],{"class":137},[50,48861,48862],{"class":371}," TypeError",[50,48864,48033],{"class":137},[50,48866,48036],{"class":56},[50,48868,2229],{"class":64},[50,48870,48871,48873,48875,48877],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48872,173],{"class":151},[50,48874,155],{"class":64},[50,48876,48065],{"class":158},[50,48878,186],{"class":64},[20,48880,189],{},[41,48882,48884],{"className":43,"code":48883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48885,48886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48887,48888,48890,48892,48895,48897,48899,48902,48904,48907,48909,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920,48923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48889,2911],{"class":371},[50,48891,8079],{"class":64},[50,48893,48894],{"class":56}," argument must be a string",[50,48896,78],{"class":64},[50,48898,45222],{"class":56},[50,48900,48901],{"class":371},"bytes",[50,48903,2746],{"class":60},[50,48905,48906],{"class":56},"like ",[50,48908,43075],{"class":371},[50,48910,48911],{"class":60}," or",[50,48913,41517],{"class":56},[50,48915,78],{"class":64},[50,48917,8811],{"class":60},[50,48919,408],{"class":68},[50,48921,48922],{"class":72},"NoneType",[50,48924,30389],{"class":68},[20,48926,48927,48928,48930],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48929,48489],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[41,48932,48934],{"className":43,"code":48933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48935,48936,48942,48960,48972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48937,48938,48940],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48939,30493],{"class":137},[50,48941,2229],{"class":64},[50,48943,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,48945,173],{"class":151},[50,48947,155],{"class":64},[50,48949,2911],{"class":371},[50,48951,155],{"class":64},[50,48953,1793],{"class":111},[50,48955,78],{"class":64},[50,48957,314],{"class":111},[50,48959,1077],{"class":64},[50,48961,48962,48964,48966,48968,48970],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,48963,30524],{"class":137},[50,48965,48862],{"class":371},[50,48967,48033],{"class":137},[50,48969,48036],{"class":56},[50,48971,2229],{"class":64},[50,48973,48974,48976,48978,48980],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,48975,173],{"class":151},[50,48977,155],{"class":64},[50,48979,48065],{"class":158},[50,48981,186],{"class":64},[20,48983,189],{},[41,48985,48987],{"className":43,"code":48986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48988,48989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48990,48991,48993,48995,48998,49000],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48992,2911],{"class":371},[50,48994,8079],{"class":64},[50,48996,48997],{"class":56}," can",[50,48999,413],{"class":68},[50,49001,49002],{"class":72},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[36,49004,5681,49006],{"id":49005},"when-to-use-int",[15,49007,3601],{},[20,49009,221,49010,49012],{},[15,49011,3601],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,49014,49015],{},"Common uses:",[233,49017,49018,49024,49027,49030],{},[236,49019,49020,49021,49023],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,49022,3681],{}," into integers",[236,49025,49026],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[236,49028,49029],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[236,49031,49032,49033,37292],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,49034,48489],{},[20,49036,49037],{},"Example with user input:",[41,49039,49041],{"className":43,"code":49040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,49042,49043,49057,49072,49076],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49044,49045,49048,49050,49052,49055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49046,49047],{"class":56},"age_text ",[50,49049,61],{"class":60},[50,49051,81],{"class":68},[50,49053,49054],{"class":72},"18",[50,49056,4082],{"class":68},[50,49058,49059,49061,49063,49065,49067,49070],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49060,22327],{"class":56},[50,49062,61],{"class":60},[50,49064,45953],{"class":371},[50,49066,155],{"class":64},[50,49068,49069],{"class":158},"age_text",[50,49071,186],{"class":64},[50,49073,49074],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49075,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49077,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49079,366],{"class":151},[50,49081,155],{"class":64},[50,49083,22327],{"class":158},[50,49085,2783],{"class":60},[50,49087,6212],{"class":111},[50,49089,186],{"class":64},[20,49091,189],{},[41,49093,49095],{"className":43,"code":49094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19\n",[15,49096,49097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49098,49099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49100,49094],{"class":111},[36,49102,3553],{"id":3552},[20,49104,15435,49105,838],{},[15,49106,3601],{},[1112,49108,49110],{"id":49109},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,49112,49113],{},"This fails:",[41,49115,49117],{"className":43,"code":49116,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,49118,49119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49120,49121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49122,49116],{"class":4385},[20,49124,49125,49126,49129],{},"Why: ",[15,49127,49128],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,49131,19539],{},[41,49133,49135],{"className":43,"code":49134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,49136,49137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49138,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49140,366],{"class":151},[50,49142,155],{"class":64},[50,49144,2911],{"class":371},[50,49146,155],{"class":64},[50,49148,2915],{"class":371},[50,49150,155],{"class":64},[50,49152,69],{"class":68},[50,49154,41799],{"class":72},[50,49156,69],{"class":68},[50,49158,389],{"class":64},[1112,49160,49162],{"id":49161},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,49164,49113],{},[41,49166,49168],{"className":43,"code":49167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,49169,49170],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49171,49172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49173,49167],{"class":4385},[20,49175,49176],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1112,49178,49180,49181],{"id":49179},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49182,49183],{},"int(None)",[20,49185,49186,49187,49189],{},"This fails because ",[15,49188,4501],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[41,49191,49193],{"className":43,"code":49192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49194,49195,49204,49208,49214,49228,49240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49196,49197,49199,49201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49198,3171],{"class":56},[50,49200,61],{"class":60},[50,49202,49203],{"class":1806}," None\n",[50,49205,49206],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49207,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49209,49210,49212],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49211,30493],{"class":137},[50,49213,2229],{"class":64},[50,49215,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49217,173],{"class":151},[50,49219,155],{"class":64},[50,49221,2911],{"class":371},[50,49223,155],{"class":64},[50,49225,3197],{"class":158},[50,49227,1077],{"class":64},[50,49229,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,49231,30524],{"class":137},[50,49233,48862],{"class":371},[50,49235,48033],{"class":137},[50,49237,48036],{"class":56},[50,49239,2229],{"class":64},[50,49241,49242,49244,49246,49248],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,49243,173],{"class":151},[50,49245,155],{"class":64},[50,49247,48065],{"class":158},[50,49249,186],{"class":64},[1112,49251,49253],{"id":49252},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49255,49113],{},[41,49257,49258],{"className":43,"code":48644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49259,49260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49261,49262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49263,48644],{"class":4385},[20,49265,49266],{},"Use a string instead:",[41,49268,49269],{"className":43,"code":48497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49270,49271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49272,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289,49291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49274,366],{"class":151},[50,49276,155],{"class":64},[50,49278,2911],{"class":371},[50,49280,155],{"class":64},[50,49282,69],{"class":68},[50,49284,1793],{"class":72},[50,49286,69],{"class":68},[50,49288,78],{"class":64},[50,49290,314],{"class":111},[50,49292,1077],{"class":64},[1112,49294,2120,49296,49298],{"id":49295},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49297,3601],{}," to round",[20,49300,49301],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[41,49303,49305],{"className":43,"code":49304,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49306,49307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49308,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49310,366],{"class":151},[50,49312,155],{"class":64},[50,49314,2911],{"class":371},[50,49316,155],{"class":64},[50,49318,49319],{"class":111},"4.9",[50,49321,1077],{"class":64},[20,49323,189],{},[41,49325,49327],{"className":43,"code":49326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n",[15,49328,49329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49330,49331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49332,49326],{"class":111},[20,49334,3892,49335,49337,49338,49340],{},[15,49336,2859],{},", remember that ",[15,49339,3601],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[36,49342,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,49344,2569,49346,49348],{"id":49345},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49347,3601],{}," round numbers?",[20,49350,47041,49351,49353],{},[15,49352,3601],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1112,49355,5871,49357,49360],{"id":49356},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49358,49359],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49362,1107,49363,49365,49366,49368,49369,40606],{},[15,49364,48770],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49367,3608],{}," first, then use ",[15,49370,3601],{},[1112,49372,2559,49374,13419],{"id":49373},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49375,49376],{},"int(True)",[20,49378,5861,49379,29004,49381,42831,49383,838],{},[15,49380,309],{},[15,49382,4396],{},[15,49384,2842],{},[1112,49386,49388],{"id":49387},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49390,49391],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[36,49393,2610],{"id":2609},[233,49395,49396,49402,49408,49414,49419,49423,49429],{},[236,49397,49398],{},[335,49399,49400,2551],{"href":3605},[15,49401,3608],{},[236,49403,49404],{},[335,49405,49406,2551],{"href":42851},[15,49407,48359],{},[236,49409,49410],{},[335,49411,49412,2551],{"href":6494},[15,49413,4536],{},[236,49415,49416],{},[335,49417,49418],{"href":3685},"How to convert string to int in Python",[236,49420,49421],{},[335,49422,9770],{"href":9692},[236,49424,49425],{},[335,49426,49427,2551],{"href":8931},[15,49428,3681],{},[236,49430,49431],{},[335,49432,31037,49433],{"href":46592},[15,49434,46593],{},[2640,49436,49437],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":49439},[49440,49441,49443,49447,49452,49454,49456,49461,49465,49467,49476,49485],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":47304,"depth":101,"text":49442},"What int() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":49444},[49445,49446],{"id":47495,"depth":127,"text":47498},{"id":47595,"depth":127,"text":47598},{"id":47731,"depth":101,"text":49448,"children":49449},"Using int() with strings",[49450,49451],{"id":47853,"depth":127,"text":47854},{"id":47941,"depth":127,"text":47942},{"id":48216,"depth":101,"text":49453},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48362,"depth":101,"text":49455},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48482,"depth":101,"text":48483,"children":49457},[49458,49459,49460],{"id":48493,"depth":127,"text":48494},{"id":48562,"depth":127,"text":48563},{"id":48603,"depth":127,"text":48604},{"id":48661,"depth":101,"text":48662,"children":49462},[49463,49464],{"id":42189,"depth":127,"text":41381},{"id":42255,"depth":127,"text":3727},{"id":49005,"depth":101,"text":49466},"When to use int()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":49468},[49469,49470,49471,49473,49474],{"id":49109,"depth":127,"text":49110},{"id":49161,"depth":127,"text":49162},{"id":49179,"depth":127,"text":49472},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49252,"depth":127,"text":49253},{"id":49295,"depth":127,"text":49475},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":49477},[49478,49480,49482,49484],{"id":49345,"depth":127,"text":49479},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49356,"depth":127,"text":49481},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49373,"depth":127,"text":49483},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49387,"depth":127,"text":49388},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42772,"description":49486},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49493,"title":49494,"body":49495,"description":51331,"extension":2687,"meta":51332,"navigation":130,"path":45480,"seo":51333,"stem":51334,"__hash__":51335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49496,"toc":51287},[49497,49502,49507,49515,49524,49526,49585,49591,49596,49601,49604,49632,49635,49638,49649,49659,49661,49663,49683,49687,49715,49717,49756,49758,49766,49768,49771,49775,49828,49830,49842,49846,49903,49905,49917,49923,49929,49933,49936,49939,50005,50007,50019,50025,50027,50079,50082,50123,50126,50133,50142,50148,50151,50184,50190,50193,50224,50230,50233,50245,50249,50254,50258,50416,50418,50433,50436,50440,50544,50546,50563,50567,50628,50630,50638,50641,50645,50712,50714,50723,50729,50731,50740,50742,50777,50782,50784,50814,50818,50820,50857,50860,50862,50899,50905,50907,50957,50959,50967,50977,50983,50987,50992,51041,51043,51056,51059,51061,51064,51139,51142,51161,51164,51194,51204,51206,51211,51218,51224,51230,51237,51245,51251,51254,51256,51284],[10,49498,13,49500,18],{"id":49499},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49501,45483],{},[20,49503,49504,49506],{},[15,49505,45483],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49508,49509,49510,3602,49512,49514],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49511,4326],{},[15,49513,4396],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49516,49517,49518,49520,49521,49523],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49519,45483],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49522,3026],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[36,49525,4331],{"id":4330},[41,49527,49529],{"className":43,"code":49528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49530,49531,49539,49543,49564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49532,49533,49535,49537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49534,3171],{"class":56},[50,49536,61],{"class":60},[50,49538,3309],{"class":111},[50,49540,49541],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49542,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49544,49545,49547,49549,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49546,366],{"class":151},[50,49548,155],{"class":64},[50,49550,49551],{"class":151},"isinstance",[50,49553,155],{"class":64},[50,49555,3197],{"class":158},[50,49557,78],{"class":64},[50,49559,45953],{"class":371},[50,49561,6075],{"class":64},[50,49563,44532],{"class":4385},[50,49565,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49581,49583],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49567,366],{"class":151},[50,49569,155],{"class":64},[50,49571,49551],{"class":151},[50,49573,155],{"class":64},[50,49575,3197],{"class":158},[50,49577,78],{"class":64},[50,49579,49580],{"class":371}," str",[50,49582,6075],{"class":64},[50,49584,44549],{"class":4385},[20,49586,221,49587,49590],{},[15,49588,49589],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[36,49592,228,49594,231],{"id":49593},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49595,45483],{},[20,49597,49598,49600],{},[15,49599,45483],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49602,49603],{},"It:",[233,49605,49606,49609,49615,49618],{},[236,49607,49608],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[236,49610,12126,49611,3602,49613],{},[15,49612,4326],{},[15,49614,4396],{},[236,49616,49617],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[236,49619,49620,49621,2912,49623,2912,49625,2912,49627,17772,49630],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49622,4167],{},[15,49624,2911],{},[15,49626,372],{},[15,49628,49629],{},"tuple",[15,49631,9533],{},[20,49633,49634],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49636,49637],{},"For example, you might want to:",[233,49639,49640,49643,49646],{},[236,49641,49642],{},"loop through a list",[236,49644,49645],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[236,49647,49648],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49650,49651,49652,3602,49655,838],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[335,49653,45475],{"href":49654},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[335,49656,49658],{"href":49657},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[36,49660,256],{"id":255},[20,49662,2882],{},[41,49664,49666],{"className":43,"code":49665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49667,49668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49669,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49681],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49671,49551],{"class":151},[50,49673,155],{"class":64},[50,49675,43075],{"class":371},[50,49677,78],{"class":64},[50,49679,49680],{"class":158}," classinfo",[50,49682,186],{"class":64},[1112,49684,49686],{"id":49685},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[233,49688,49689,49694,49708],{},[236,49690,49691,49693],{},[15,49692,43075],{}," is the value you want to test",[236,49695,49696,49699,49700,2912,49702,2912,49704,2916,49706],{},[15,49697,49698],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49701,2911],{},[15,49703,4167],{},[15,49705,372],{},[15,49707,9533],{},[236,49709,49710,49711,3602,49713],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49712,4326],{},[15,49714,4396],{},[20,49716,2931],{},[41,49718,49720],{"className":43,"code":49719,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49721,49722,49734,49738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49723,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49725,8589],{"class":56},[50,49727,61],{"class":60},[50,49729,81],{"class":68},[50,49731,12212],{"class":72},[50,49733,4082],{"class":68},[50,49735,49736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49737,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49739,49740,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49741,366],{"class":151},[50,49743,155],{"class":64},[50,49745,49551],{"class":151},[50,49747,155],{"class":64},[50,49749,178],{"class":158},[50,49751,78],{"class":64},[50,49753,49580],{"class":371},[50,49755,1077],{"class":64},[20,49757,189],{},[41,49759,49760],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49761,49762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49763,49764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49765,1962],{"class":1806},[36,49767,12178],{"id":12177},[20,49769,49770],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1112,49772,49774],{"id":49773},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[41,49776,49778],{"className":43,"code":49777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49779,49780,49788,49792,49810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49781,49782,49784,49786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49783,3171],{"class":56},[50,49785,61],{"class":60},[50,49787,45902],{"class":111},[50,49789,49790],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49791,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49793,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49795,366],{"class":151},[50,49797,155],{"class":64},[50,49799,49551],{"class":151},[50,49801,155],{"class":64},[50,49803,3197],{"class":158},[50,49805,78],{"class":64},[50,49807,45953],{"class":371},[50,49809,1077],{"class":64},[50,49811,49812,49814,49816,49818,49820,49822,49824,49826],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49813,366],{"class":151},[50,49815,155],{"class":64},[50,49817,49551],{"class":151},[50,49819,155],{"class":64},[50,49821,3197],{"class":158},[50,49823,78],{"class":64},[50,49825,49580],{"class":371},[50,49827,1077],{"class":64},[20,49829,189],{},[41,49831,49832],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49833,49834,49838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49835,49836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49837,1962],{"class":1806},[50,49839,49840],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49841,1967],{"class":1806},[1112,49843,49845],{"id":49844},"check-text","Check text",[41,49847,49849],{"className":43,"code":49848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49850,49851,49863,49867,49885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49852,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49854,35372],{"class":56},[50,49856,61],{"class":60},[50,49858,81],{"class":68},[50,49860,4568],{"class":72},[50,49862,4082],{"class":68},[50,49864,49865],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49866,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49868,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49870,366],{"class":151},[50,49872,155],{"class":64},[50,49874,49551],{"class":151},[50,49876,155],{"class":64},[50,49878,35393],{"class":158},[50,49880,78],{"class":64},[50,49882,49580],{"class":371},[50,49884,1077],{"class":64},[50,49886,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49888,366],{"class":151},[50,49890,155],{"class":64},[50,49892,49551],{"class":151},[50,49894,155],{"class":64},[50,49896,35393],{"class":158},[50,49898,78],{"class":64},[50,49900,45953],{"class":371},[50,49902,1077],{"class":64},[20,49904,189],{},[41,49906,49907],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49908,49909,49913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49910,49911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49912,1962],{"class":1806},[50,49914,49915],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49916,1967],{"class":1806},[20,49918,49919,49920,49922],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49921,45483],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49924,49925,49926,838],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[335,49927,49928],{"href":3685},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,49930,49932],{"id":49931},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49934,49935],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49937,49938],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[41,49940,49942],{"className":43,"code":49941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49943,49944,49953,49957,49981],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49945,49946,49948,49950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49947,3171],{"class":56},[50,49949,61],{"class":60},[50,49951,49952],{"class":111}," 3.5\n",[50,49954,49955],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,49956,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,49958,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,49960,366],{"class":151},[50,49962,155],{"class":64},[50,49964,49551],{"class":151},[50,49966,155],{"class":64},[50,49968,3197],{"class":158},[50,49970,78],{"class":64},[50,49972,419],{"class":64},[50,49974,2911],{"class":371},[50,49976,78],{"class":64},[50,49978,40932],{"class":371},[50,49980,389],{"class":64},[50,49982,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,49984,366],{"class":151},[50,49986,155],{"class":64},[50,49988,49551],{"class":151},[50,49990,155],{"class":64},[50,49992,3197],{"class":158},[50,49994,78],{"class":64},[50,49996,419],{"class":64},[50,49998,4167],{"class":371},[50,50000,78],{"class":64},[50,50002,1191],{"class":371},[50,50004,389],{"class":64},[20,50006,189],{},[41,50008,50009],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50010,50011,50015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50012,50013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50014,1962],{"class":1806},[50,50016,50017],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50018,1967],{"class":1806},[20,50020,50021,50022,50024],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,50023,41514],{}," conditions.",[20,50026,9010],{},[41,50028,50030],{"className":43,"code":50029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,50031,50032,50040,50044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50033,50034,50036,50038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50035,3171],{"class":56},[50,50037,61],{"class":60},[50,50039,49952],{"class":111},[50,50041,50042],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50043,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50045,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50047,366],{"class":151},[50,50049,155],{"class":64},[50,50051,3945],{"class":371},[50,50053,155],{"class":64},[50,50055,3197],{"class":158},[50,50057,4382],{"class":64},[50,50059,7121],{"class":60},[50,50061,45953],{"class":371},[50,50063,48911],{"class":137},[50,50065,50066],{"class":371}," type",[50,50068,155],{"class":64},[50,50070,3197],{"class":158},[50,50072,4382],{"class":64},[50,50074,7121],{"class":60},[50,50076,40932],{"class":371},[50,50078,186],{"class":64},[20,50080,50081],{},"you can write this:",[41,50083,50085],{"className":43,"code":50084,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50086,50087,50095,50099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50088,50089,50091,50093],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50090,3171],{"class":56},[50,50092,61],{"class":60},[50,50094,49952],{"class":111},[50,50096,50097],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50098,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50100,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50102,366],{"class":151},[50,50104,155],{"class":64},[50,50106,49551],{"class":151},[50,50108,155],{"class":64},[50,50110,3197],{"class":158},[50,50112,78],{"class":64},[50,50114,419],{"class":64},[50,50116,2911],{"class":371},[50,50118,78],{"class":64},[50,50120,40932],{"class":371},[50,50122,389],{"class":64},[20,50124,50125],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[36,50127,50129,11286,50131],{"id":50128},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,50130,45483],{},[15,50132,3026],{},[20,50134,11291,50135,827,50137,50141],{},[15,50136,45483],{},[335,50138,50139],{"href":3023},[15,50140,3026],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1112,50143,50145],{"id":50144},"typevalue-int",[15,50146,50147],{},"type(value) == int",[20,50149,50150],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[41,50152,50154],{"className":43,"code":50153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,50155,50156,50164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50157,50158,50160,50162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50159,3171],{"class":56},[50,50161,61],{"class":60},[50,50163,3309],{"class":111},[50,50165,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50167,366],{"class":151},[50,50169,155],{"class":64},[50,50171,3945],{"class":371},[50,50173,155],{"class":64},[50,50175,3197],{"class":158},[50,50177,4382],{"class":64},[50,50179,7121],{"class":60},[50,50181,45953],{"class":371},[50,50183,186],{"class":64},[1112,50185,50187],{"id":50186},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50188,50189],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50191,50192],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[41,50194,50196],{"className":43,"code":50195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50197,50198,50206],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50199,50200,50202,50204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50201,3171],{"class":56},[50,50203,61],{"class":60},[50,50205,3309],{"class":111},[50,50207,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50209,366],{"class":151},[50,50211,155],{"class":64},[50,50213,49551],{"class":151},[50,50215,155],{"class":64},[50,50217,3197],{"class":158},[50,50219,78],{"class":64},[50,50221,45953],{"class":371},[50,50223,1077],{"class":64},[20,50225,50226,50227,50229],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50228,45483],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50231,50232],{},"In everyday code:",[233,50234,50235,50240],{},[236,50236,40667,50237,50239],{},[15,50238,3026],{}," when you need the exact type",[236,50241,40667,50242,50244],{},[15,50243,45483],{}," when you want a practical type check",[36,50246,50248],{"id":50247},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50250,50251,50252,838],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50253,45483],{},[1112,50255,50257],{"id":50256},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[41,50259,50261],{"className":43,"code":50260,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50262,50263,50281,50300,50312,50317,50335,50346,50350,50362,50366,50390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50264,50265,50267,50270,50272,50274,50276,50279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50266,35536],{"class":752},[50,50268,50269],{"class":35539}," repeat_text",[50,50271,155],{"class":64},[50,50273,35393],{"class":38340},[50,50275,78],{"class":64},[50,50277,50278],{"class":38340}," count",[50,50280,167],{"class":64},[50,50282,50283,50285,50287,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50284,7111],{"class":137},[50,50286,8811],{"class":60},[50,50288,50289],{"class":151}," isinstance",[50,50291,155],{"class":64},[50,50293,35393],{"class":158},[50,50295,78],{"class":64},[50,50297,49580],{"class":371},[50,50299,167],{"class":64},[50,50301,50302,50305,50307,50310],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50303,50304],{"class":137},"        return",[50,50306,81],{"class":68},[50,50308,50309],{"class":72},"text must be a string",[50,50311,4082],{"class":68},[50,50313,50314],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,50315,50316],{"class":56},"    \n",[50,50318,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,50320,7111],{"class":137},[50,50322,8811],{"class":60},[50,50324,50289],{"class":151},[50,50326,155],{"class":64},[50,50328,41935],{"class":158},[50,50330,78],{"class":64},[50,50332,45953],{"class":371},[50,50334,167],{"class":64},[50,50336,50337,50339,50341,50344],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,50338,50304],{"class":137},[50,50340,81],{"class":68},[50,50342,50343],{"class":72},"count must be an integer",[50,50345,4082],{"class":68},[50,50347,50348],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,50349,50316],{"class":56},[50,50351,50352,50354,50357,50359],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,50353,35547],{"class":137},[50,50355,50356],{"class":56}," text ",[50,50358,40549],{"class":60},[50,50360,50361],{"class":56}," count\n",[50,50363,50364],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,50365,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50367,50368,50370,50372,50375,50377,50379,50382,50384,50386,50388],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,50369,366],{"class":151},[50,50371,155],{"class":64},[50,50373,50374],{"class":158},"repeat_text",[50,50376,155],{"class":64},[50,50378,69],{"class":68},[50,50380,50381],{"class":72},"Hi ",[50,50383,69],{"class":68},[50,50385,78],{"class":64},[50,50387,319],{"class":111},[50,50389,1077],{"class":64},[50,50391,50392,50394,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414],{"class":52,"line":12298},[50,50393,366],{"class":151},[50,50395,155],{"class":64},[50,50397,50374],{"class":158},[50,50399,155],{"class":64},[50,50401,69],{"class":68},[50,50403,50381],{"class":72},[50,50405,69],{"class":68},[50,50407,78],{"class":64},[50,50409,81],{"class":68},[50,50411,437],{"class":72},[50,50413,69],{"class":68},[50,50415,1077],{"class":64},[20,50417,189],{},[41,50419,50421],{"className":43,"code":50420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50422,50423,50428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50424,50425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50426,50427],{"class":56},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[50,50429,50430],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50431,50432],{"class":56},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50434,50435],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1112,50437,50439],{"id":50438},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[41,50441,50443],{"className":43,"code":50442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50444,50445,50477,50481,50497,50512,50529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50448,3171],{"class":56},[50,50450,61],{"class":60},[50,50452,65],{"class":64},[50,50454,69],{"class":68},[50,50456,335],{"class":72},[50,50458,69],{"class":68},[50,50460,78],{"class":64},[50,50462,81],{"class":68},[50,50464,344],{"class":72},[50,50466,69],{"class":68},[50,50468,78],{"class":64},[50,50470,81],{"class":68},[50,50472,353],{"class":72},[50,50474,69],{"class":68},[50,50476,98],{"class":64},[50,50478,50479],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50480,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50482,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50484,7711],{"class":137},[50,50486,50289],{"class":151},[50,50488,155],{"class":64},[50,50490,3197],{"class":158},[50,50492,78],{"class":64},[50,50494,49580],{"class":371},[50,50496,167],{"class":64},[50,50498,50499,50501,50503,50505,50508,50510],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,50500,173],{"class":151},[50,50502,155],{"class":64},[50,50504,69],{"class":68},[50,50506,50507],{"class":72},"This is text",[50,50509,69],{"class":68},[50,50511,186],{"class":64},[50,50513,50514,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,50515,50516],{"class":137},"elif",[50,50518,50289],{"class":151},[50,50520,155],{"class":64},[50,50522,3197],{"class":158},[50,50524,78],{"class":64},[50,50526,1191],{"class":371},[50,50528,167],{"class":64},[50,50530,50531,50533,50535,50537,50540,50542],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,50532,173],{"class":151},[50,50534,155],{"class":64},[50,50536,69],{"class":68},[50,50538,50539],{"class":72},"This is a list",[50,50541,69],{"class":68},[50,50543,186],{"class":64},[20,50545,189],{},[41,50547,50549],{"className":43,"code":50548,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a list\n",[15,50550,50551],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50552,50553,50556,50558,50560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50554,50555],{"class":56},"This ",[50,50557,12898],{"class":60},[50,50559,45222],{"class":56},[50,50561,50562],{"class":371},"list\n",[1112,50564,50566],{"id":50565},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[41,50568,50570],{"className":43,"code":50569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50571,50572,50584,50588,50604,50618],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50573,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50575,3171],{"class":56},[50,50577,61],{"class":60},[50,50579,81],{"class":68},[50,50581,47202],{"class":72},[50,50583,4082],{"class":68},[50,50585,50586],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50587,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50589,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50591,7711],{"class":137},[50,50593,50289],{"class":151},[50,50595,155],{"class":64},[50,50597,3197],{"class":158},[50,50599,78],{"class":64},[50,50601,49580],{"class":371},[50,50603,167],{"class":64},[50,50605,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,50607,42566],{"class":56},[50,50609,61],{"class":60},[50,50611,45953],{"class":371},[50,50613,155],{"class":64},[50,50615,3197],{"class":158},[50,50617,186],{"class":64},[50,50619,50620,50622,50624,50626],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,50621,173],{"class":151},[50,50623,155],{"class":64},[50,50625,2964],{"class":158},[50,50627,186],{"class":64},[20,50629,189],{},[41,50631,50632],{"className":43,"code":47287,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50633,50634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50635,50636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50637,47287],{"class":111},[20,50639,50640],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1112,50642,50644],{"id":50643},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[41,50646,50648],{"className":43,"code":50647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50649,50650,50674,50678,50694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50651,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50653,3171],{"class":56},[50,50655,61],{"class":60},[50,50657,11191],{"class":64},[50,50659,69],{"class":68},[50,50661,178],{"class":72},[50,50663,69],{"class":68},[50,50665,1408],{"class":64},[50,50667,81],{"class":68},[50,50669,73],{"class":72},[50,50671,69],{"class":68},[50,50673,1445],{"class":64},[50,50675,50676],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50677,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50679,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50681,7711],{"class":137},[50,50683,50289],{"class":151},[50,50685,155],{"class":64},[50,50687,3197],{"class":158},[50,50689,78],{"class":64},[50,50691,1361],{"class":371},[50,50693,167],{"class":64},[50,50695,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,50697,173],{"class":151},[50,50699,155],{"class":64},[50,50701,3197],{"class":158},[50,50703,4620],{"class":64},[50,50705,69],{"class":68},[50,50707,178],{"class":72},[50,50709,69],{"class":68},[50,50711,2210],{"class":64},[20,50713,189],{},[41,50715,50717],{"className":43,"code":50716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n",[15,50718,50719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50720,50721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50722,50716],{"class":56},[20,50724,50725,50726,50728],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50727,3727],{}," messages later.",[36,50730,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,50732,50734,50735,11794,50738],{"id":50733},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50736,50737],{},"\"int\"",[15,50739,2911],{},[20,50741,17344],{},[41,50743,50745],{"className":43,"code":50744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50746,50747,50755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50748,50749,50751,50753],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50750,3171],{"class":56},[50,50752,61],{"class":60},[50,50754,3309],{"class":111},[50,50756,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50758,366],{"class":151},[50,50760,155],{"class":64},[50,50762,49551],{"class":151},[50,50764,155],{"class":64},[50,50766,3197],{"class":158},[50,50768,78],{"class":64},[50,50770,81],{"class":68},[50,50772,2911],{"class":72},[50,50774,69],{"class":68},[50,50776,1077],{"class":64},[20,50778,50779,50781],{},[15,50780,50737],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50783,17356],{},[41,50785,50786],{"className":43,"code":50195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50787,50788,50796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50789,50790,50792,50794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50791,3171],{"class":56},[50,50793,61],{"class":60},[50,50795,3309],{"class":111},[50,50797,50798,50800,50802,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50799,366],{"class":151},[50,50801,155],{"class":64},[50,50803,49551],{"class":151},[50,50805,155],{"class":64},[50,50807,3197],{"class":158},[50,50809,78],{"class":64},[50,50811,45953],{"class":371},[50,50813,1077],{"class":64},[1112,50815,50817],{"id":50816},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50819,17344],{},[41,50821,50823],{"className":43,"code":50822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50824,50825,50833],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50826,50827,50829,50831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50828,3171],{"class":56},[50,50830,61],{"class":60},[50,50832,35527],{"class":111},[50,50834,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50836,366],{"class":151},[50,50838,155],{"class":64},[50,50840,49551],{"class":151},[50,50842,155],{"class":64},[50,50844,3197],{"class":158},[50,50846,78],{"class":64},[50,50848,65],{"class":64},[50,50850,2911],{"class":371},[50,50852,78],{"class":64},[50,50854,40932],{"class":371},[50,50856,3721],{"class":64},[20,50858,50859],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50861,17356],{},[41,50863,50865],{"className":43,"code":50864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50866,50867,50875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50868,50869,50871,50873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50870,3171],{"class":56},[50,50872,61],{"class":60},[50,50874,35527],{"class":111},[50,50876,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50878,366],{"class":151},[50,50880,155],{"class":64},[50,50882,49551],{"class":151},[50,50884,155],{"class":64},[50,50886,3197],{"class":158},[50,50888,78],{"class":64},[50,50890,419],{"class":64},[50,50892,2911],{"class":371},[50,50894,78],{"class":64},[50,50896,40932],{"class":371},[50,50898,389],{"class":64},[1112,50900,26465,50902,50904],{"id":50901},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50903,45483],{}," converts a value",[20,50906,19612],{},[41,50908,50910],{"className":43,"code":50909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50911,50912,50925,50943,50947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50913,50914,50916,50918,50920,50923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50915,3171],{"class":56},[50,50917,61],{"class":60},[50,50919,81],{"class":68},[50,50921,50922],{"class":72},"123",[50,50924,4082],{"class":68},[50,50926,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,50928,2954],{"class":56},[50,50930,61],{"class":60},[50,50932,50289],{"class":151},[50,50934,155],{"class":64},[50,50936,3197],{"class":158},[50,50938,78],{"class":64},[50,50940,45953],{"class":371},[50,50942,186],{"class":64},[50,50944,50945],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,50946,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,50948,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,50950,366],{"class":151},[50,50952,155],{"class":64},[50,50954,2989],{"class":158},[50,50956,186],{"class":64},[20,50958,189],{},[41,50960,50961],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50962,50963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50964,50965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50966,1967],{"class":1806},[20,50968,50969,50970,50973,50974,50976],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50971,50972],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50975,50922],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50978,50979,50980,7344],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50981,50982],{},"int(value)",[1112,50984,50986],{"id":50985},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50988,50989,50991],{},[15,50990,45483],{}," does not modify anything.",[41,50993,50995],{"className":43,"code":50994,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50996,50997,51009,51013,51031],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50998,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51000,3171],{"class":56},[50,51002,61],{"class":60},[50,51004,81],{"class":68},[50,51006,14259],{"class":72},[50,51008,4082],{"class":68},[50,51010,51011],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51012,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,51014,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51016,366],{"class":151},[50,51018,155],{"class":64},[50,51020,49551],{"class":151},[50,51022,155],{"class":64},[50,51024,3197],{"class":158},[50,51026,78],{"class":64},[50,51028,49580],{"class":371},[50,51030,1077],{"class":64},[50,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51034,366],{"class":151},[50,51036,155],{"class":64},[50,51038,3197],{"class":158},[50,51040,186],{"class":64},[20,51042,189],{},[41,51044,51046],{"className":43,"code":51045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n100\n",[15,51047,51048,51052],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51049,51050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51051,1962],{"class":1806},[50,51053,51054],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51055,47938],{"class":111},[20,51057,51058],{},"The value stays the same.",[36,51060,26633],{"id":26632},[20,51062,51063],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[41,51065,51067],{"className":43,"code":51066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,51068,51069,51083,51101,51125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51070,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51072,366],{"class":151},[50,51074,155],{"class":64},[50,51076,3945],{"class":371},[50,51078,155],{"class":64},[50,51080,3197],{"class":158},[50,51082,1077],{"class":64},[50,51084,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51086,366],{"class":151},[50,51088,155],{"class":64},[50,51090,49551],{"class":151},[50,51092,155],{"class":64},[50,51094,3197],{"class":158},[50,51096,78],{"class":64},[50,51098,45953],{"class":371},[50,51100,1077],{"class":64},[50,51102,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51104,366],{"class":151},[50,51106,155],{"class":64},[50,51108,49551],{"class":151},[50,51110,155],{"class":64},[50,51112,3197],{"class":158},[50,51114,78],{"class":64},[50,51116,419],{"class":64},[50,51118,2911],{"class":371},[50,51120,78],{"class":64},[50,51122,40932],{"class":371},[50,51124,389],{"class":64},[50,51126,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51128,366],{"class":151},[50,51130,155],{"class":64},[50,51132,42455],{"class":151},[50,51134,155],{"class":64},[50,51136,3197],{"class":158},[50,51138,1077],{"class":64},[20,51140,51141],{},"These can help when:",[233,51143,51144,51147,51152,51155],{},[236,51145,51146],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[236,51148,51149,51150],{},"you are getting a ",[15,51151,3727],{},[236,51153,51154],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[236,51156,51157,51158,51160],{},"the second argument to ",[15,51159,45483],{}," is invalid",[20,51162,51163],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[233,51165,51166,51180,51186,51191],{},[236,51167,51168,51169,3602,51172,51175,51176,3602,51178],{},"using ",[15,51170,51171],{},"'int'",[15,51173,51174],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51177,2911],{},[15,51179,4167],{},[236,51181,51182,51183,51185],{},"expecting ",[15,51184,45483],{}," to convert a value",[236,51187,51168,51188,51190],{},[15,51189,3026],{}," when inherited types should also match",[236,51192,51193],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51195,51196,51197,838],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[335,51198,51200,51201],{"href":51199},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,51202,51203],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[36,51205,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,51207,2559,51209,2562],{"id":51208},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51210,45483],{},[20,51212,5861,51213,51215,51216,838],{},[15,51214,4326],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51217,4396],{},[1112,51219,5883,51221,51223],{"id":51220},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51222,45483],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51225,51226,51227,838],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51228,51229],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1112,51231,5893,51233,827,51235,2582],{"id":51232},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51234,45483],{},[15,51236,3026],{},[20,51238,51239,51241,51242,51244],{},[15,51240,3026],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51243,45483],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1112,51246,2569,51248,51250],{"id":51247},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51249,45483],{}," convert a value?",[20,51252,51253],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[36,51255,2610],{"id":2609},[233,51257,51258,51264,51268,51273,51278],{},[236,51259,51260],{},[335,51261,13,51262,2551],{"href":3023},[15,51263,3026],{},[236,51265,51266],{},[335,51267,45475],{"href":49654},[236,51269,51270],{},[335,51271,51272],{"href":3685},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[236,51274,51275],{},[335,51276,51277],{"href":49657},"What is a data type in Python?",[236,51279,51280],{},[335,51281,51200,51282],{"href":51199},[15,51283,51203],{},[2640,51285,51286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":51288},[51289,51290,51292,51295,51299,51300,51305,51311,51319,51320,51330],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":49593,"depth":101,"text":51291},"What isinstance() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":51293},[51294],{"id":49685,"depth":127,"text":49686},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178,"children":51296},[51297,51298],{"id":49773,"depth":127,"text":49774},{"id":49844,"depth":127,"text":49845},{"id":49931,"depth":101,"text":49932},{"id":50128,"depth":101,"text":51301,"children":51302},"isinstance() vs type()",[51303,51304],{"id":50144,"depth":127,"text":50147},{"id":50186,"depth":127,"text":50189},{"id":50247,"depth":101,"text":50248,"children":51306},[51307,51308,51309,51310],{"id":50256,"depth":127,"text":50257},{"id":50438,"depth":127,"text":50439},{"id":50565,"depth":127,"text":50566},{"id":50643,"depth":127,"text":50644},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":51312},[51313,51315,51316,51318],{"id":50733,"depth":127,"text":51314},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50816,"depth":127,"text":50817},{"id":50901,"depth":127,"text":51317},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50985,"depth":127,"text":50986},{"id":26632,"depth":101,"text":26633},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":51321},[51322,51324,51326,51328],{"id":51208,"depth":127,"text":51323},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51220,"depth":127,"text":51325},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51232,"depth":127,"text":51327},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51247,"depth":127,"text":51329},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49494,"description":51331},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51337,"title":51338,"body":51339,"description":53312,"extension":2687,"meta":53313,"navigation":130,"path":53314,"seo":53315,"stem":53316,"__hash__":53317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51340,"toc":53287},[51341,51344,51349,51354,51368,51371,51373,51448,51453,51457,51462,51465,51479,51481,51647,51660,51662,51664,51679,51682,51685,51698,51700,51798,51802,51808,51811,51820,51822,51857,51862,51883,51888,51893,51925,51928,51985,51989,51995,51998,52051,52053,52093,52096,52164,52167,52218,52225,52229,52235,52320,52326,52332,52381,52384,52387,52437,52439,52444,52448,52498,52502,52549,52553,52630,52634,52699,52702,52706,52711,52716,52728,52730,52749,52755,52758,52777,52782,52809,52816,52820,52826,52829,52924,52927,52930,52979,52984,52986,52990,53025,53028,53085,53095,53098,53132,53135,53137,53141,53144,53148,53151,53155,53158,53162,53175,53179,53184,53186,53236,53248,53250,53284],[10,51342,51338],{"id":51343},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51345,9835,51346,51348],{},[15,51347,43037],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51350,36091,51351,51353],{},[15,51352,43037],{}," to count:",[233,51355,51356,51359,51362,51365],{},[236,51357,51358],{},"characters in a string",[236,51360,51361],{},"items in a list or tuple",[236,51363,51364],{},"keys in a dictionary",[236,51366,51367],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51369,51370],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[36,51372,39],{"id":38},[41,51374,51376],{"className":43,"code":51375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51377,51378,51390,51410,51414,51431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51379,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51381,35372],{"class":56},[50,51383,61],{"class":60},[50,51385,81],{"class":68},[50,51387,4568],{"class":72},[50,51389,4082],{"class":68},[50,51391,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51393,8493],{"class":56},[50,51395,61],{"class":60},[50,51397,65],{"class":64},[50,51399,1868],{"class":111},[50,51401,78],{"class":64},[50,51403,1873],{"class":111},[50,51405,78],{"class":64},[50,51407,1878],{"class":111},[50,51409,98],{"class":64},[50,51411,51412],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51413,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,51415,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51417,366],{"class":151},[50,51419,155],{"class":64},[50,51421,1060],{"class":151},[50,51423,155],{"class":64},[50,51425,35393],{"class":158},[50,51427,6075],{"class":64},[50,51429,51430],{"class":4385},"   # 5\n",[50,51432,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,51434,366],{"class":151},[50,51436,155],{"class":64},[50,51438,1060],{"class":151},[50,51440,155],{"class":64},[50,51442,8522],{"class":158},[50,51444,6075],{"class":64},[50,51446,51447],{"class":4385},"  # 3\n",[20,51449,221,51450,51452],{},[15,51451,43037],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[36,51454,51456],{"id":51455},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51458,51459,51461],{},[15,51460,43037],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51463,51464],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[233,51466,51467,51470,51473,51476],{},[236,51468,51469],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[236,51471,51472],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[236,51474,51475],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[236,51477,51478],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51480,2931],{},[41,51482,51484],{"className":43,"code":51483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51485,51486,51498,51523,51555,51575,51579,51596,51613,51630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51487,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51489,8589],{"class":56},[50,51491,61],{"class":60},[50,51493,81],{"class":68},[50,51495,8390],{"class":72},[50,51497,4082],{"class":68},[50,51499,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51521],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51501,302],{"class":56},[50,51503,61],{"class":60},[50,51505,65],{"class":64},[50,51507,1868],{"class":111},[50,51509,78],{"class":64},[50,51511,1873],{"class":111},[50,51513,78],{"class":64},[50,51515,1878],{"class":111},[50,51517,78],{"class":64},[50,51519,51520],{"class":111}," 40",[50,51522,98],{"class":64},[50,51524,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51526,1818],{"class":56},[50,51528,61],{"class":60},[50,51530,11191],{"class":64},[50,51532,69],{"class":68},[50,51534,335],{"class":72},[50,51536,69],{"class":68},[50,51538,1408],{"class":64},[50,51540,6212],{"class":111},[50,51542,78],{"class":64},[50,51544,81],{"class":68},[50,51546,344],{"class":72},[50,51548,69],{"class":68},[50,51550,1408],{"class":64},[50,51552,314],{"class":111},[50,51554,1445],{"class":64},[50,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51558,1321],{"class":56},[50,51560,61],{"class":60},[50,51562,11191],{"class":64},[50,51564,2859],{"class":111},[50,51566,78],{"class":64},[50,51568,38321],{"class":111},[50,51570,78],{"class":64},[50,51572,6706],{"class":111},[50,51574,1445],{"class":64},[50,51576,51577],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,51578,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,51582,366],{"class":151},[50,51584,155],{"class":64},[50,51586,1060],{"class":151},[50,51588,155],{"class":64},[50,51590,178],{"class":158},[50,51592,6075],{"class":64},[50,51594,51595],{"class":4385},"     # 3\n",[50,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,51599,366],{"class":151},[50,51601,155],{"class":64},[50,51603,1060],{"class":151},[50,51605,155],{"class":64},[50,51607,381],{"class":158},[50,51609,6075],{"class":64},[50,51611,51612],{"class":4385},"  # 4\n",[50,51614,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,51616,366],{"class":151},[50,51618,155],{"class":64},[50,51620,1060],{"class":151},[50,51622,155],{"class":64},[50,51624,1845],{"class":158},[50,51626,6075],{"class":64},[50,51628,51629],{"class":4385},"     # 2\n",[50,51631,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,51633,366],{"class":151},[50,51635,155],{"class":64},[50,51637,1060],{"class":151},[50,51639,155],{"class":64},[50,51641,6072],{"class":158},[50,51643,6075],{"class":64},[50,51645,51646],{"class":4385},"   # 3\n",[20,51648,51649,51650,2912,51654,17772,51658,838],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[335,51651,51653],{"href":51652},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[335,51655,51657],{"href":51656},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[335,51659,9868],{"href":9867},[36,51661,256],{"id":255},[20,51663,2882],{},[41,51665,51667],{"className":43,"code":51666,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(object)\n",[15,51668,51669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51670,51671,51673,51675,51677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51672,1060],{"class":151},[50,51674,155],{"class":64},[50,51676,43075],{"class":371},[50,51678,186],{"class":64},[20,51680,51681],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51683,51684],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[233,51686,51687,51689,51691,51693,51695],{},[236,51688,38585],{},[236,51690,38579],{},[236,51692,38582],{},[236,51694,38588],{},[236,51696,51697],{},"a dictionary",[20,51699,2931],{},[41,51701,51703],{"className":43,"code":51702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51704,51705,51726,51750,51772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51706,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51708,366],{"class":151},[50,51710,155],{"class":64},[50,51712,1060],{"class":151},[50,51714,155],{"class":64},[50,51716,69],{"class":68},[50,51718,45],{"class":72},[50,51720,69],{"class":68},[50,51722,6075],{"class":64},[50,51724,51725],{"class":4385},"      # 6\n",[50,51727,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51729,366],{"class":151},[50,51731,155],{"class":64},[50,51733,1060],{"class":151},[50,51735,2182],{"class":64},[50,51737,309],{"class":111},[50,51739,78],{"class":64},[50,51741,314],{"class":111},[50,51743,78],{"class":64},[50,51745,319],{"class":111},[50,51747,5455],{"class":64},[50,51749,51595],{"class":4385},[50,51751,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51769],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51753,366],{"class":151},[50,51755,155],{"class":64},[50,51757,1060],{"class":151},[50,51759,6225],{"class":64},[50,51761,1868],{"class":111},[50,51763,78],{"class":64},[50,51765,1873],{"class":111},[50,51767,51768],{"class":64},")))",[50,51770,51771],{"class":4385},"      # 2\n",[50,51773,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51795],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51775,366],{"class":151},[50,51777,155],{"class":64},[50,51779,1060],{"class":151},[50,51781,6244],{"class":64},[50,51783,69],{"class":68},[50,51785,2896],{"class":72},[50,51787,69],{"class":68},[50,51789,1408],{"class":64},[50,51791,6212],{"class":111},[50,51793,51794],{"class":64},"}))",[50,51796,51797],{"class":4385},"      # 1\n",[36,51799,51801],{"id":51800},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51803,51804,51805,51807],{},"When you use ",[15,51806,43037],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51809,51810],{},"That includes:",[233,51812,51813,51815,51817],{},[236,51814,36820],{},[236,51816,11152],{},[236,51818,51819],{},"punctuation",[20,51821,2931],{},[41,51823,51825],{"className":43,"code":51824,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51826,51827,51840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51830,35372],{"class":56},[50,51832,61],{"class":60},[50,51834,81],{"class":68},[50,51836,51837],{"class":72},"Hi there!",[50,51839,4082],{"class":68},[50,51841,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51843,366],{"class":151},[50,51845,155],{"class":64},[50,51847,1060],{"class":151},[50,51849,155],{"class":64},[50,51851,35393],{"class":158},[50,51853,6075],{"class":64},[50,51855,51856],{"class":4385},"  # 9\n",[20,51858,51859,51860,2582],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51861,2867],{},[233,51863,51864,51870,51874,51877],{},[236,51865,51866,51869],{},[15,51867,51868],{},"H"," = 1",[236,51871,51872,51869],{},[15,51873,36831],{},[236,51875,51876],{},"space = 1",[236,51878,51879,51882],{},[15,51880,51881],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51884,51885,51886],{},"Total: ",[15,51887,2867],{},[20,51889,51890,51891,1408],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51892,2842],{},[41,51894,51896],{"className":43,"code":51895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51897,51898,51907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51899,51900,51903,51905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51901,51902],{"class":56},"empty_text ",[50,51904,61],{"class":60},[50,51906,8594],{"class":68},[50,51908,51909,51911,51913,51915,51917,51920,51922],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51910,366],{"class":151},[50,51912,155],{"class":64},[50,51914,1060],{"class":151},[50,51916,155],{"class":64},[50,51918,51919],{"class":158},"empty_text",[50,51921,6075],{"class":64},[50,51923,51924],{"class":4385},"  # 0\n",[20,51926,51927],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[41,51929,51931],{"className":43,"code":51930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51932,51933,51946,51950,51970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51934,51935,51938,51940,51942,51944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51936,51937],{"class":56},"user_name ",[50,51939,61],{"class":60},[50,51941,81],{"class":68},[50,51943,5723],{"class":72},[50,51945,4082],{"class":68},[50,51947,51948],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,51949,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,51951,51952,51954,51956,51958,51961,51963,51966,51968],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,51953,7711],{"class":137},[50,51955,1069],{"class":151},[50,51957,155],{"class":64},[50,51959,51960],{"class":158},"user_name",[50,51962,4382],{"class":64},[50,51964,51965],{"class":60}," >=",[50,51967,319],{"class":111},[50,51969,2229],{"class":64},[50,51971,51972,51974,51976,51978,51981,51983],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,51973,173],{"class":151},[50,51975,155],{"class":64},[50,51977,69],{"class":68},[50,51979,51980],{"class":72},"Name is long enough",[50,51982,69],{"class":68},[50,51984,186],{"class":64},[36,51986,51988],{"id":51987},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51990,51991,51992,51994],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51993,43037],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51996,51997],{},"Example with a list:",[41,51999,52001],{"className":43,"code":52000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,52002,52003,52035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52004,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52006,13779],{"class":56},[50,52008,61],{"class":60},[50,52010,65],{"class":64},[50,52012,69],{"class":68},[50,52014,13796],{"class":72},[50,52016,69],{"class":68},[50,52018,78],{"class":64},[50,52020,81],{"class":68},[50,52022,18154],{"class":72},[50,52024,69],{"class":68},[50,52026,78],{"class":64},[50,52028,81],{"class":68},[50,52030,13813],{"class":72},[50,52032,69],{"class":68},[50,52034,98],{"class":64},[50,52036,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52038,366],{"class":151},[50,52040,155],{"class":64},[50,52042,1060],{"class":151},[50,52044,155],{"class":64},[50,52046,18201],{"class":158},[50,52048,6075],{"class":64},[50,52050,51447],{"class":4385},[20,52052,38594],{},[41,52054,52056],{"className":43,"code":52055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,52057,52058,52075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52059,52060,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52061,52062],{"class":56},"point ",[50,52064,61],{"class":60},[50,52066,419],{"class":64},[50,52068,1868],{"class":111},[50,52070,78],{"class":64},[50,52072,1873],{"class":111},[50,52074,186],{"class":64},[50,52076,52077,52079,52081,52083,52085,52088,52090],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52078,366],{"class":151},[50,52080,155],{"class":64},[50,52082,1060],{"class":151},[50,52084,155],{"class":64},[50,52086,52087],{"class":158},"point",[50,52089,6075],{"class":64},[50,52091,52092],{"class":4385},"  # 2\n",[20,52094,52095],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[41,52097,52099],{"className":43,"code":52098,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,52100,52101,52125,52129,52147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52102,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52104,8493],{"class":56},[50,52106,61],{"class":60},[50,52108,65],{"class":64},[50,52110,69],{"class":68},[50,52112,4797],{"class":72},[50,52114,69],{"class":68},[50,52116,78],{"class":64},[50,52118,81],{"class":68},[50,52120,4806],{"class":72},[50,52122,69],{"class":68},[50,52124,98],{"class":64},[50,52126,52127],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52128,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52130,52131,52133,52135,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52132,7711],{"class":137},[50,52134,1069],{"class":151},[50,52136,155],{"class":64},[50,52138,8522],{"class":158},[50,52140,4382],{"class":64},[50,52142,39072],{"class":60},[50,52144,6212],{"class":111},[50,52146,2229],{"class":64},[50,52148,52149,52151,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52150,173],{"class":151},[50,52152,155],{"class":64},[50,52154,8522],{"class":158},[50,52156,4620],{"class":64},[50,52158,309],{"class":111},[50,52160,21144],{"class":64},[50,52162,52163],{"class":4385},"  # banana\n",[20,52165,52166],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[41,52168,52170],{"className":43,"code":52169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,52171,52172,52195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52173,52174,52176,52178,52180,52183,52185,52188,52190,52193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52175,104],{"class":56},[50,52177,61],{"class":60},[50,52179,65],{"class":64},[50,52181,52182],{"class":111},"88",[50,52184,78],{"class":64},[50,52186,52187],{"class":111}," 91",[50,52189,78],{"class":64},[50,52191,52192],{"class":111}," 75",[50,52194,98],{"class":64},[50,52196,52197,52199,52201,52203,52206,52208,52210,52212,52214,52216],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52198,366],{"class":151},[50,52200,155],{"class":64},[50,52202,69],{"class":68},[50,52204,52205],{"class":72},"Number of scores:",[50,52207,69],{"class":68},[50,52209,78],{"class":64},[50,52211,1069],{"class":151},[50,52213,155],{"class":64},[50,52215,1074],{"class":158},[50,52217,1077],{"class":64},[20,52219,52220,52221,838],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[335,52222,52224],{"href":52223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52226,52228],{"id":52227},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52230,52231,52232,52234],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52233,43037],{}," counts keys.",[41,52236,52238],{"className":43,"code":52237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52239,52240,52248,52266,52280,52296,52300,52304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52241,52242,52244,52246],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52243,13567],{"class":56},[50,52245,61],{"class":60},[50,52247,12196],{"class":64},[50,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52251,12201],{"class":68},[50,52253,178],{"class":72},[50,52255,69],{"class":68},[50,52257,1408],{"class":64},[50,52259,81],{"class":68},[50,52261,8634],{"class":72},[50,52263,69],{"class":68},[50,52265,12217],{"class":64},[50,52267,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52269,12201],{"class":68},[50,52271,1303],{"class":72},[50,52273,69],{"class":68},[50,52275,1408],{"class":64},[50,52277,31632],{"class":111},[50,52279,12217],{"class":64},[50,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52283,12201],{"class":68},[50,52285,20590],{"class":72},[50,52287,69],{"class":68},[50,52289,1408],{"class":64},[50,52291,81],{"class":68},[50,52293,522],{"class":72},[50,52295,4082],{"class":68},[50,52297,52298],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,52299,1445],{"class":64},[50,52301,52302],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,52303,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52305,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,52307,366],{"class":151},[50,52309,155],{"class":64},[50,52311,1060],{"class":151},[50,52313,155],{"class":64},[50,52315,14327],{"class":158},[50,52317,6075],{"class":64},[50,52319,51447],{"class":4385},[20,52321,52322,52323,52325],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52324,43037],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52327,52328,52329,52331],{},"For sets, ",[15,52330,43037],{}," counts unique items:",[41,52333,52335],{"className":43,"code":52334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52336,52337,52365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52340,302],{"class":56},[50,52342,61],{"class":60},[50,52344,11191],{"class":64},[50,52346,309],{"class":111},[50,52348,78],{"class":64},[50,52350,314],{"class":111},[50,52352,78],{"class":64},[50,52354,319],{"class":111},[50,52356,78],{"class":64},[50,52358,319],{"class":111},[50,52360,78],{"class":64},[50,52362,314],{"class":111},[50,52364,1445],{"class":64},[50,52366,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52368,366],{"class":151},[50,52370,155],{"class":64},[50,52372,1060],{"class":151},[50,52374,155],{"class":64},[50,52376,381],{"class":158},[50,52378,6075],{"class":64},[50,52380,51447],{"class":4385},[20,52382,52383],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52385,52386],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[41,52388,52390],{"className":43,"code":52389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52391,52392,52400,52404,52422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52393,52394,52396,52398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52395,1818],{"class":56},[50,52397,61],{"class":60},[50,52399,10539],{"class":64},[50,52401,52402],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52403,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52405,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52407,7711],{"class":137},[50,52409,1069],{"class":151},[50,52411,155],{"class":64},[50,52413,1845],{"class":158},[50,52415,4382],{"class":64},[50,52417,7121],{"class":60},[50,52419,4556],{"class":111},[50,52421,2229],{"class":64},[50,52423,52424,52426,52428,52430,52433,52435],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52425,173],{"class":151},[50,52427,155],{"class":64},[50,52429,69],{"class":68},[50,52431,52432],{"class":72},"The dictionary is empty",[50,52434,69],{"class":68},[50,52436,186],{"class":64},[36,52438,1616],{"id":1615},[20,52440,52441,52442,838],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52443,43037],{},[1112,52445,52447],{"id":52446},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[41,52449,52451],{"className":43,"code":52450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52452,52453,52461,52465,52483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52454,52455,52457,52459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52456,8493],{"class":56},[50,52458,61],{"class":60},[50,52460,8551],{"class":64},[50,52462,52463],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52464,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52466,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52468,7711],{"class":137},[50,52470,1069],{"class":151},[50,52472,155],{"class":64},[50,52474,8522],{"class":158},[50,52476,4382],{"class":64},[50,52478,7121],{"class":60},[50,52480,4556],{"class":111},[50,52482,2229],{"class":64},[50,52484,52485,52487,52489,52491,52494,52496],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52486,173],{"class":151},[50,52488,155],{"class":64},[50,52490,69],{"class":68},[50,52492,52493],{"class":72},"The list is empty",[50,52495,69],{"class":68},[50,52497,186],{"class":64},[1112,52499,52501],{"id":52500},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[41,52503,52505],{"className":43,"code":52504,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52506,52507,52526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52522,52524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52510,6867],{"class":56},[50,52512,61],{"class":60},[50,52514,8954],{"class":151},[50,52516,155],{"class":64},[50,52518,69],{"class":68},[50,52520,52521],{"class":72},"Enter a word: ",[50,52523,69],{"class":68},[50,52525,186],{"class":64},[50,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52529,366],{"class":151},[50,52531,155],{"class":64},[50,52533,69],{"class":68},[50,52535,52536],{"class":72},"Number of characters:",[50,52538,69],{"class":68},[50,52540,78],{"class":64},[50,52542,1069],{"class":151},[50,52544,155],{"class":64},[50,52546,39067],{"class":158},[50,52548,1077],{"class":64},[1112,52550,52552],{"id":52551},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[41,52554,52556],{"className":43,"code":52555,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52557,52558,52572,52576,52594,52609,52615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52559,52560,52563,52565,52567,52570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52561,52562],{"class":56},"password ",[50,52564,61],{"class":60},[50,52566,81],{"class":68},[50,52568,52569],{"class":72},"secret123",[50,52571,4082],{"class":68},[50,52573,52574],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52575,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52577,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52579,7711],{"class":137},[50,52581,1069],{"class":151},[50,52583,155],{"class":64},[50,52585,18320],{"class":158},[50,52587,4382],{"class":64},[50,52589,51965],{"class":60},[50,52591,7073],{"class":111},[50,52593,2229],{"class":64},[50,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602,52605,52607],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52597,173],{"class":151},[50,52599,155],{"class":64},[50,52601,69],{"class":68},[50,52603,52604],{"class":72},"Password length is valid",[50,52606,69],{"class":68},[50,52608,186],{"class":64},[50,52610,52611,52613],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,52612,28124],{"class":137},[50,52614,2229],{"class":64},[50,52616,52617,52619,52621,52623,52626,52628],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,52618,173],{"class":151},[50,52620,155],{"class":64},[50,52622,69],{"class":68},[50,52624,52625],{"class":72},"Password is too short",[50,52627,69],{"class":68},[50,52629,186],{"class":64},[1112,52631,52633],{"id":52632},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[41,52635,52637],{"className":43,"code":52636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52638,52639,52675],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52640,52641,52644,52646,52648,52650,52653,52655,52657,52659,52662,52664,52666,52668,52671,52673],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52642,52643],{"class":56},"results ",[50,52645,61],{"class":60},[50,52647,65],{"class":64},[50,52649,69],{"class":68},[50,52651,52652],{"class":72},"item1",[50,52654,69],{"class":68},[50,52656,78],{"class":64},[50,52658,81],{"class":68},[50,52660,52661],{"class":72},"item2",[50,52663,69],{"class":68},[50,52665,78],{"class":64},[50,52667,81],{"class":68},[50,52669,52670],{"class":72},"item3",[50,52672,69],{"class":68},[50,52674,98],{"class":64},[50,52676,52677,52679,52681,52683,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52697],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52678,366],{"class":151},[50,52680,155],{"class":64},[50,52682,69],{"class":68},[50,52684,52685],{"class":72},"Items found:",[50,52687,69],{"class":68},[50,52689,78],{"class":64},[50,52691,1069],{"class":151},[50,52693,155],{"class":64},[50,52695,52696],{"class":158},"results",[50,52698,1077],{"class":64},[20,52700,52701],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[36,52703,52705],{"id":52704},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52707,52708,52710],{},[15,52709,43037],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52712,52713,52714,1408],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52715,3727],{},[233,52717,52718,52721,52724],{},[236,52719,52720],{},"plain integers",[236,52722,52723],{},"floats",[236,52725,52726],{},[15,52727,4501],{},[20,52729,2931],{},[41,52731,52733],{"className":43,"code":52732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52734,52735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52736,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52738,366],{"class":151},[50,52740,155],{"class":64},[50,52742,1060],{"class":151},[50,52744,155],{"class":64},[50,52746,2859],{"class":111},[50,52748,1077],{"class":64},[20,52750,52751,52752,52754],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52753,2859],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52756,52757],{},"Another example:",[41,52759,52761],{"className":43,"code":52760,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52762,52763],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52764,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52766,366],{"class":151},[50,52768,155],{"class":64},[50,52770,1060],{"class":151},[50,52772,155],{"class":64},[50,52774,40820],{"class":111},[50,52776,1077],{"class":64},[20,52778,52779,52780,1408],{},"And with ",[15,52781,4501],{},[41,52783,52785],{"className":43,"code":52784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52786,52787,52795],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52788,52789,52791,52793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52790,3171],{"class":56},[50,52792,61],{"class":60},[50,52794,49203],{"class":1806},[50,52796,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52798,366],{"class":151},[50,52800,155],{"class":64},[50,52802,1060],{"class":151},[50,52804,155],{"class":64},[50,52806,3197],{"class":158},[50,52808,1077],{"class":64},[20,52810,52811,52812,838],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[335,52813,52815],{"href":52814},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[36,52817,52819],{"id":52818},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52821,52822,52823,52825],{},"Before using ",[15,52824,43037],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52827,52828],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[41,52830,52832],{"className":43,"code":52831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52833,52834,52842,52846,52856,52870,52888,52906],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52835,52836,52838,52840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52837,3171],{"class":56},[50,52839,61],{"class":60},[50,52841,49203],{"class":1806},[50,52843,52844],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52845,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52847,52848,52850,52852,52854],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52849,366],{"class":151},[50,52851,155],{"class":64},[50,52853,3197],{"class":158},[50,52855,186],{"class":64},[50,52857,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52859,366],{"class":151},[50,52861,155],{"class":64},[50,52863,3945],{"class":371},[50,52865,155],{"class":64},[50,52867,3197],{"class":158},[50,52869,1077],{"class":64},[50,52871,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,52873,366],{"class":151},[50,52875,155],{"class":64},[50,52877,49551],{"class":151},[50,52879,155],{"class":64},[50,52881,3197],{"class":158},[50,52883,78],{"class":64},[50,52885,49580],{"class":371},[50,52887,1077],{"class":64},[50,52889,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,52891,366],{"class":151},[50,52893,155],{"class":64},[50,52895,49551],{"class":151},[50,52897,155],{"class":64},[50,52899,3197],{"class":158},[50,52901,78],{"class":64},[50,52903,1191],{"class":371},[50,52905,1077],{"class":64},[50,52907,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,52909,366],{"class":151},[50,52911,155],{"class":64},[50,52913,49551],{"class":151},[50,52915,155],{"class":64},[50,52917,3197],{"class":158},[50,52919,78],{"class":64},[50,52921,1361],{"class":371},[50,52923,1077],{"class":64},[20,52925,52926],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52928,52929],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[41,52931,52933],{"className":43,"code":52932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52934,52935,52947,52951,52965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52936,52937,52939,52941,52943,52945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52938,3171],{"class":56},[50,52940,61],{"class":60},[50,52942,81],{"class":68},[50,52944,4568],{"class":72},[50,52946,4082],{"class":68},[50,52948,52949],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,52950,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,52952,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,52954,7711],{"class":137},[50,52956,22283],{"class":56},[50,52958,12898],{"class":60},[50,52960,8811],{"class":60},[50,52962,4575],{"class":1806},[50,52964,2229],{"class":64},[50,52966,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,52968,173],{"class":151},[50,52970,155],{"class":64},[50,52972,1060],{"class":151},[50,52974,155],{"class":64},[50,52976,3197],{"class":158},[50,52978,1077],{"class":64},[20,52980,52981,52982,838],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[335,52983,9153],{"href":3023},[36,52985,3553],{"id":3552},[20,52987,23788,52988,1408],{},[15,52989,43037],{},[233,52991,52992,53000,53008,53016,53022],{},[236,52993,2447,52994,52996,52997],{},[15,52995,43037],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52998,52999],{},"len(5)",[236,53001,2447,53002,53004,53005],{},[15,53003,43037],{}," on a float like ",[15,53006,53007],{},"len(3.14)",[236,53009,2447,53010,53012,53013,53015],{},[15,53011,43037],{}," on ",[15,53014,4501],{}," after a function returns nothing",[236,53017,5299,53018,53021],{},[15,53019,53020],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[236,53023,53024],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,53026,53027],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[41,53029,53031],{"className":43,"code":53030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,53032,53033,53069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53034,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53036,1356],{"class":56},[50,53038,61],{"class":60},[50,53040,11191],{"class":64},[50,53042,69],{"class":68},[50,53044,178],{"class":72},[50,53046,69],{"class":68},[50,53048,1408],{"class":64},[50,53050,81],{"class":68},[50,53052,73],{"class":72},[50,53054,69],{"class":68},[50,53056,78],{"class":64},[50,53058,81],{"class":68},[50,53060,1303],{"class":72},[50,53062,69],{"class":68},[50,53064,1408],{"class":64},[50,53066,1873],{"class":111},[50,53068,1445],{"class":64},[50,53070,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53072,366],{"class":151},[50,53074,155],{"class":64},[50,53076,1060],{"class":151},[50,53078,155],{"class":64},[50,53080,1386],{"class":158},[50,53082,6075],{"class":64},[50,53084,52092],{"class":4385},[20,53086,38272,53087,53089,53090,827,53092,838],{},[15,53088,422],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,53091,15942],{},[15,53093,53094],{},"\"age\"",[20,53096,53097],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[41,53099,53101],{"className":43,"code":53100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,53102,53103,53116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53104,53105,53107,53109,53111,53114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53106,35372],{"class":56},[50,53108,61],{"class":60},[50,53110,81],{"class":68},[50,53112,53113],{"class":72},"a b",[50,53115,4082],{"class":68},[50,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53119,366],{"class":151},[50,53121,155],{"class":64},[50,53123,1060],{"class":151},[50,53125,155],{"class":64},[50,53127,35393],{"class":158},[50,53129,6075],{"class":64},[50,53131,51447],{"class":4385},[20,53133,53134],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[36,53136,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,53138,53140],{"id":53139},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,53142,53143],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1112,53145,53147],{"id":53146},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,53149,53150],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1112,53152,53154],{"id":53153},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,53156,53157],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1112,53159,53161],{"id":53160},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,53163,53164,53165,53167,53168,3602,53170,53172,53173,838],{},"No. Using ",[15,53166,43037],{}," on an ",[15,53169,2911],{},[15,53171,2915],{}," raises a ",[15,53174,3727],{},[1112,53176,53178],{"id":53177},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53180,8476,53181,838],{},[15,53182,53183],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53185,2931],{},[41,53187,53189],{"className":43,"code":53188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53190,53191,53199,53203,53221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53192,53193,53195,53197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53194,9020],{"class":56},[50,53196,61],{"class":60},[50,53198,8551],{"class":64},[50,53200,53201],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53202,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53204,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53206,7711],{"class":137},[50,53208,1069],{"class":151},[50,53210,155],{"class":64},[50,53212,9051],{"class":158},[50,53214,4382],{"class":64},[50,53216,7121],{"class":60},[50,53218,4556],{"class":111},[50,53220,2229],{"class":64},[50,53222,53223,53225,53227,53229,53232,53234],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53224,173],{"class":151},[50,53226,155],{"class":64},[50,53228,69],{"class":68},[50,53230,53231],{"class":72},"Empty list",[50,53233,69],{"class":68},[50,53235,186],{"class":64},[20,53237,53238,53239,53241,53242,53244,53245,53247],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53240,4396],{}," in an ",[15,53243,7711],{}," statement, but ",[15,53246,43037],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[36,53249,2610],{"id":2609},[233,53251,53252,53256,53260,53264,53269,53273,53279],{},[236,53253,53254],{},[335,53255,51653],{"href":51652},[236,53257,53258],{},[335,53259,51657],{"href":51656},[236,53261,53262],{},[335,53263,9868],{"href":9867},[236,53265,53266],{},[335,53267,53268],{"href":52223},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[236,53270,53271],{},[335,53272,9153],{"href":3023},[236,53274,53275],{},[335,53276,53278],{"href":53277},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[236,53280,53281],{},[335,53282,53283],{"href":52814},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2640,53285,53286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":53288},[53289,53290,53291,53292,53293,53294,53295,53301,53302,53303,53304,53311],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":51455,"depth":101,"text":51456},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":51800,"depth":101,"text":51801},{"id":51987,"depth":101,"text":51988},{"id":52227,"depth":101,"text":52228},{"id":1615,"depth":101,"text":1616,"children":53296},[53297,53298,53299,53300],{"id":52446,"depth":127,"text":52447},{"id":52500,"depth":127,"text":52501},{"id":52551,"depth":127,"text":52552},{"id":52632,"depth":127,"text":52633},{"id":52704,"depth":101,"text":52705},{"id":52818,"depth":101,"text":52819},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":53305},[53306,53307,53308,53309,53310],{"id":53139,"depth":127,"text":53140},{"id":53146,"depth":127,"text":53147},{"id":53153,"depth":127,"text":53154},{"id":53160,"depth":127,"text":53161},{"id":53177,"depth":127,"text":53178},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51338,"description":53312},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53319,"title":53320,"body":53321,"description":55006,"extension":2687,"meta":55007,"navigation":130,"path":55008,"seo":55009,"stem":55010,"__hash__":55011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53322,"toc":54979},[53323,53326,53340,53346,53348,53402,53407,53411,53427,53430,53444,53450,53452,53455,53474,53490,53492,53568,53570,53607,53618,53620,53623,53684,53686,53719,53722,53728,53732,53735,53860,53862,53921,53929,53982,53984,54011,54017,54027,54031,54034,54039,54091,54093,54119,54125,54179,54181,54206,54209,54233,54239,54241,54245,54247,54304,54306,54314,54316,54338,54340,54393,54395,54419,54423,54425,54464,54466,54474,54480,54484,54536,54538,54564,54572,54576,54581,54590,54592,54658,54660,54692,54696,54701,54703,54717,54720,54793,54795,54821,54823,54827,54834,54838,54845,54849,54852,54854,54907,54909,54935,54939,54948,54950,54976],[10,53324,53320],{"id":53325},"python-list-append-method",[20,53327,2704,53328,53331,53332,53335,53336,53339],{},[15,53329,53330],{},"append()"," method adds ",[4465,53333,53334],{},"one item"," to the ",[4465,53337,53338],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53341,53342,53343,53345],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[4465,53344,5351],{}," create a new list.",[36,53347,4331],{"id":4330},[41,53349,53351],{"className":43,"code":53350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53352,53353,53373,53387,53397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53354,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53356,302],{"class":56},[50,53358,61],{"class":60},[50,53360,65],{"class":64},[50,53362,309],{"class":111},[50,53364,78],{"class":64},[50,53366,314],{"class":111},[50,53368,78],{"class":64},[50,53370,319],{"class":111},[50,53372,98],{"class":64},[50,53374,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53376,381],{"class":56},[50,53378,838],{"class":64},[50,53380,14254],{"class":158},[50,53382,155],{"class":64},[50,53384,1089],{"class":111},[50,53386,186],{"class":64},[50,53388,53389,53391,53393,53395],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53390,366],{"class":151},[50,53392,155],{"class":64},[50,53394,381],{"class":158},[50,53396,186],{"class":64},[50,53398,53399],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53400,53401],{"class":4385},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53403,221,53404,53406],{},[15,53405,53330],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[36,53408,53410],{"id":53409},"what-append-does","What append() does",[233,53412,53413,53418,53421,53424],{},[236,53414,53415,53417],{},[15,53416,53330],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[236,53419,53420],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[236,53422,53423],{},"It does not create a new list",[236,53425,53426],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53428,53429],{},"This means you can append:",[233,53431,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442],{},[236,53433,381],{},[236,53435,6022],{},[236,53437,41271],{},[236,53439,6013],{},[236,53441,7964],{},[236,53443,35346],{},[20,53445,53446,53447,838],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[335,53448,53449],{"href":51656},"Python lists explained for beginners",[36,53451,6145],{"id":6144},[20,53453,53454],{},"Basic form:",[41,53456,53458],{"className":43,"code":53457,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53459,53460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53461,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53463,9051],{"class":56},[50,53465,838],{"class":64},[50,53467,14254],{"class":158},[50,53469,155],{"class":64},[50,53471,2238],{"class":158},[50,53473,186],{"class":64},[233,53475,53476,53481,53486],{},[236,53477,53478,53480],{},[15,53479,9051],{}," is the list you want to change",[236,53482,53483,53485],{},[15,53484,2238],{}," is the value or object to add",[236,53487,12615,53488],{},[15,53489,4501],{},[20,53491,2931],{},[41,53493,53495],{"className":43,"code":53494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53496,53497,53521,53544,53548,53558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53498,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53500,36916],{"class":56},[50,53502,61],{"class":60},[50,53504,65],{"class":64},[50,53506,69],{"class":68},[50,53508,4797],{"class":72},[50,53510,69],{"class":68},[50,53512,78],{"class":64},[50,53514,81],{"class":68},[50,53516,4806],{"class":72},[50,53518,69],{"class":68},[50,53520,98],{"class":64},[50,53522,53523,53525,53527,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53524,2954],{"class":56},[50,53526,61],{"class":60},[50,53528,53529],{"class":56}," fruits",[50,53531,838],{"class":64},[50,53533,14254],{"class":158},[50,53535,155],{"class":64},[50,53537,69],{"class":68},[50,53539,33905],{"class":72},[50,53541,69],{"class":68},[50,53543,186],{"class":64},[50,53545,53546],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53547,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53549,53550,53552,53554,53556],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53551,366],{"class":151},[50,53553,155],{"class":64},[50,53555,36968],{"class":158},[50,53557,186],{"class":64},[50,53559,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,53561,366],{"class":151},[50,53563,155],{"class":64},[50,53565,2989],{"class":158},[50,53567,186],{"class":64},[20,53569,189],{},[41,53571,53573],{"className":43,"code":53572,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53574,53575,53603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53576,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53578,4620],{"class":64},[50,53580,413],{"class":68},[50,53582,4797],{"class":72},[50,53584,413],{"class":68},[50,53586,78],{"class":64},[50,53588,408],{"class":68},[50,53590,4806],{"class":72},[50,53592,413],{"class":68},[50,53594,78],{"class":64},[50,53596,408],{"class":68},[50,53598,33905],{"class":72},[50,53600,413],{"class":68},[50,53602,98],{"class":64},[50,53604,53605],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53606,12512],{"class":1806},[20,53608,53609,53610,53612,53613,53615,53616,838],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53611,53330],{}," updates ",[15,53614,36968],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53617,4501],{},[36,53619,12178],{"id":12177},[20,53621,53622],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[41,53624,53626],{"className":43,"code":53625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53627,53628,53652,53670,53674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53629,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53631,13779],{"class":56},[50,53633,61],{"class":60},[50,53635,65],{"class":64},[50,53637,69],{"class":68},[50,53639,13796],{"class":72},[50,53641,69],{"class":68},[50,53643,78],{"class":64},[50,53645,81],{"class":68},[50,53647,13813],{"class":72},[50,53649,69],{"class":68},[50,53651,98],{"class":64},[50,53653,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53655,18201],{"class":56},[50,53657,838],{"class":64},[50,53659,14254],{"class":158},[50,53661,155],{"class":64},[50,53663,69],{"class":68},[50,53665,18154],{"class":72},[50,53667,69],{"class":68},[50,53669,186],{"class":64},[50,53671,53672],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53673,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53675,53676,53678,53680,53682],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53677,366],{"class":151},[50,53679,155],{"class":64},[50,53681,18201],{"class":158},[50,53683,186],{"class":64},[20,53685,189],{},[41,53687,53689],{"className":43,"code":53688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53690,53691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53692,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715,53717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53694,4620],{"class":64},[50,53696,413],{"class":68},[50,53698,13796],{"class":72},[50,53700,413],{"class":68},[50,53702,78],{"class":64},[50,53704,408],{"class":68},[50,53706,13813],{"class":72},[50,53708,413],{"class":68},[50,53710,78],{"class":64},[50,53712,408],{"class":68},[50,53714,18154],{"class":72},[50,53716,413],{"class":68},[50,53718,98],{"class":64},[20,53720,53721],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53723,31772,53724,838],{},[335,53725,53727],{"href":53726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[36,53729,53731],{"id":53730},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53733,53734],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[41,53736,53738],{"className":43,"code":53737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53739,53740,53748,53752,53766,53784,53798,53824,53846,53850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53741,53742,53744,53746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53743,8493],{"class":56},[50,53745,61],{"class":60},[50,53747,8551],{"class":64},[50,53749,53750],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53751,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53753,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53755,8522],{"class":56},[50,53757,838],{"class":64},[50,53759,14254],{"class":158},[50,53761,155],{"class":64},[50,53763,1868],{"class":111},[50,53765,186],{"class":64},[50,53767,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53769,8522],{"class":56},[50,53771,838],{"class":64},[50,53773,14254],{"class":158},[50,53775,155],{"class":64},[50,53777,69],{"class":68},[50,53779,4568],{"class":72},[50,53781,69],{"class":68},[50,53783,186],{"class":64},[50,53785,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,53787,8522],{"class":56},[50,53789,838],{"class":64},[50,53791,14254],{"class":158},[50,53793,155],{"class":64},[50,53795,4326],{"class":1806},[50,53797,186],{"class":64},[50,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,53801,8522],{"class":56},[50,53803,838],{"class":64},[50,53805,14254],{"class":158},[50,53807,6244],{"class":64},[50,53809,69],{"class":68},[50,53811,178],{"class":72},[50,53813,69],{"class":68},[50,53815,1408],{"class":64},[50,53817,81],{"class":68},[50,53819,8390],{"class":72},[50,53821,69],{"class":68},[50,53823,31186],{"class":64},[50,53825,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,53827,8522],{"class":56},[50,53829,838],{"class":64},[50,53831,14254],{"class":158},[50,53833,2182],{"class":64},[50,53835,309],{"class":111},[50,53837,78],{"class":64},[50,53839,314],{"class":111},[50,53841,78],{"class":64},[50,53843,319],{"class":111},[50,53845,2210],{"class":64},[50,53847,53848],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,53849,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53851,53852,53854,53856,53858],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,53853,366],{"class":151},[50,53855,155],{"class":64},[50,53857,8522],{"class":158},[50,53859,186],{"class":64},[20,53861,189],{},[41,53863,53865],{"className":43,"code":53864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53866,53867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53868,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53870,4620],{"class":64},[50,53872,1868],{"class":111},[50,53874,78],{"class":64},[50,53876,408],{"class":68},[50,53878,4568],{"class":72},[50,53880,413],{"class":68},[50,53882,78],{"class":64},[50,53884,1807],{"class":1806},[50,53886,78],{"class":64},[50,53888,11191],{"class":64},[50,53890,413],{"class":68},[50,53892,178],{"class":72},[50,53894,413],{"class":68},[50,53896,1408],{"class":64},[50,53898,408],{"class":68},[50,53900,8390],{"class":72},[50,53902,413],{"class":68},[50,53904,53905],{"class":64},"},",[50,53907,65],{"class":64},[50,53909,309],{"class":111},[50,53911,78],{"class":64},[50,53913,314],{"class":111},[50,53915,78],{"class":64},[50,53917,319],{"class":111},[50,53919,53920],{"class":64},"]]\n",[20,53922,53923,53924,42831,53926,838],{},"A list added with ",[15,53925,53330],{},[4465,53927,53928],{},"one single item",[41,53930,53932],{"className":43,"code":53931,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53933,53934,53950,53968,53972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53935,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53937,302],{"class":56},[50,53939,61],{"class":60},[50,53941,65],{"class":64},[50,53943,309],{"class":111},[50,53945,78],{"class":64},[50,53947,314],{"class":111},[50,53949,98],{"class":64},[50,53951,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,53953,381],{"class":56},[50,53955,838],{"class":64},[50,53957,14254],{"class":158},[50,53959,2182],{"class":64},[50,53961,437],{"class":111},[50,53963,78],{"class":64},[50,53965,3181],{"class":111},[50,53967,2210],{"class":64},[50,53969,53970],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,53971,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,53973,53974,53976,53978,53980],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,53975,366],{"class":151},[50,53977,155],{"class":64},[50,53979,381],{"class":158},[50,53981,186],{"class":64},[20,53983,189],{},[41,53985,53987],{"className":43,"code":53986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53988,53989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53992,4620],{"class":64},[50,53994,309],{"class":111},[50,53996,78],{"class":64},[50,53998,314],{"class":111},[50,54000,78],{"class":64},[50,54002,65],{"class":64},[50,54004,437],{"class":111},[50,54006,78],{"class":64},[50,54008,3181],{"class":111},[50,54010,53920],{"class":64},[20,54012,976,54013,54016],{},[15,54014,54015],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,54018,54019,54020,54026],{},"This is different from ",[335,54021,54023],{"href":54022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,54024,54025],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[36,54028,54030],{"id":54029},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,54032,54033],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1112,54035,2447,54037],{"id":54036},"using-append",[15,54038,53330],{},[41,54040,54041],{"className":43,"code":53931,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54042,54043,54059,54077,54081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54044,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54046,302],{"class":56},[50,54048,61],{"class":60},[50,54050,65],{"class":64},[50,54052,309],{"class":111},[50,54054,78],{"class":64},[50,54056,314],{"class":111},[50,54058,98],{"class":64},[50,54060,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54062,381],{"class":56},[50,54064,838],{"class":64},[50,54066,14254],{"class":158},[50,54068,2182],{"class":64},[50,54070,437],{"class":111},[50,54072,78],{"class":64},[50,54074,3181],{"class":111},[50,54076,2210],{"class":64},[50,54078,54079],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54080,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54082,54083,54085,54087,54089],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54084,366],{"class":151},[50,54086,155],{"class":64},[50,54088,381],{"class":158},[50,54090,186],{"class":64},[20,54092,189],{},[41,54094,54095],{"className":43,"code":53986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54096,54097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54098,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54100,4620],{"class":64},[50,54102,309],{"class":111},[50,54104,78],{"class":64},[50,54106,314],{"class":111},[50,54108,78],{"class":64},[50,54110,65],{"class":64},[50,54112,437],{"class":111},[50,54114,78],{"class":64},[50,54116,3181],{"class":111},[50,54118,53920],{"class":64},[1112,54120,2447,54122],{"id":54121},"using-extend",[15,54123,54124],{},"extend()",[41,54126,54128],{"className":43,"code":54127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54129,54130,54146,54165,54169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54131,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54133,302],{"class":56},[50,54135,61],{"class":60},[50,54137,65],{"class":64},[50,54139,309],{"class":111},[50,54141,78],{"class":64},[50,54143,314],{"class":111},[50,54145,98],{"class":64},[50,54147,54148,54150,54152,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54149,381],{"class":56},[50,54151,838],{"class":64},[50,54153,54154],{"class":158},"extend",[50,54156,2182],{"class":64},[50,54158,437],{"class":111},[50,54160,78],{"class":64},[50,54162,3181],{"class":111},[50,54164,2210],{"class":64},[50,54166,54167],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54168,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54170,54171,54173,54175,54177],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54172,366],{"class":151},[50,54174,155],{"class":64},[50,54176,381],{"class":158},[50,54178,186],{"class":64},[20,54180,189],{},[41,54182,54184],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54185,54186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54187,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54189,4620],{"class":64},[50,54191,309],{"class":111},[50,54193,78],{"class":64},[50,54195,314],{"class":111},[50,54197,78],{"class":64},[50,54199,319],{"class":111},[50,54201,78],{"class":64},[50,54203,3181],{"class":111},[50,54205,98],{"class":64},[20,54207,54208],{},"The difference:",[233,54210,54211,54217,54223,54228],{},[236,54212,54213,54216],{},[15,54214,54215],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[236,54218,54219,54222],{},[15,54220,54221],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[236,54224,221,54225,54227],{},[15,54226,53330],{}," for one item",[236,54229,221,54230,54232],{},[15,54231,54124],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54234,54235,54236,838],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[335,54237,54238],{"href":54022},"Python list extend() method",[36,54240,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,54242,54244],{"id":54243},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54246,26381],{},[41,54248,54250],{"className":43,"code":54249,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54251,54252,54272,54290,54294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54253,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54255,8493],{"class":56},[50,54257,61],{"class":60},[50,54259,65],{"class":64},[50,54261,309],{"class":111},[50,54263,78],{"class":64},[50,54265,314],{"class":111},[50,54267,78],{"class":64},[50,54269,319],{"class":111},[50,54271,98],{"class":64},[50,54273,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54275,8493],{"class":56},[50,54277,61],{"class":60},[50,54279,6678],{"class":56},[50,54281,838],{"class":64},[50,54283,14254],{"class":158},[50,54285,155],{"class":64},[50,54287,1089],{"class":111},[50,54289,186],{"class":64},[50,54291,54292],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54293,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54295,54296,54298,54300,54302],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54297,366],{"class":151},[50,54299,155],{"class":64},[50,54301,8522],{"class":158},[50,54303,186],{"class":64},[20,54305,189],{},[41,54307,54308],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54309,54310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54311,54312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54313,12512],{"class":1806},[20,54315,12604],{},[233,54317,54318,54323,54329],{},[236,54319,54320,54322],{},[15,54321,53330],{}," changes the list in place",[236,54324,54325,3121,54327],{},[15,54326,53330],{},[15,54328,4501],{},[236,54330,54331,54332,54335,54336],{},"So ",[15,54333,54334],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54337,4501],{},[20,54339,11509],{},[41,54341,54343],{"className":43,"code":54342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54344,54345,54365,54379,54383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54346,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54348,8493],{"class":56},[50,54350,61],{"class":60},[50,54352,65],{"class":64},[50,54354,309],{"class":111},[50,54356,78],{"class":64},[50,54358,314],{"class":111},[50,54360,78],{"class":64},[50,54362,319],{"class":111},[50,54364,98],{"class":64},[50,54366,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54368,8522],{"class":56},[50,54370,838],{"class":64},[50,54372,14254],{"class":158},[50,54374,155],{"class":64},[50,54376,1089],{"class":111},[50,54378,186],{"class":64},[50,54380,54381],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54382,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54384,54385,54387,54389,54391],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54386,366],{"class":151},[50,54388,155],{"class":64},[50,54390,8522],{"class":158},[50,54392,186],{"class":64},[20,54394,189],{},[41,54396,54397],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54398,54399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54400,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54402,4620],{"class":64},[50,54404,309],{"class":111},[50,54406,78],{"class":64},[50,54408,314],{"class":111},[50,54410,78],{"class":64},[50,54412,319],{"class":111},[50,54414,78],{"class":64},[50,54416,3181],{"class":111},[50,54418,98],{"class":64},[1112,54420,54422],{"id":54421},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54424,19612],{},[41,54426,54428],{"className":43,"code":54427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54429,54430,54454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54431,54432,54434,54436,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54433,32570],{"class":56},[50,54435,61],{"class":60},[50,54437,65],{"class":64},[50,54439,309],{"class":111},[50,54441,78],{"class":64},[50,54443,314],{"class":111},[50,54445,14251],{"class":64},[50,54447,14254],{"class":158},[50,54449,155],{"class":64},[50,54451,437],{"class":111},[50,54453,186],{"class":64},[50,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54457,366],{"class":151},[50,54459,155],{"class":64},[50,54461,32589],{"class":158},[50,54463,186],{"class":64},[20,54465,189],{},[41,54467,54468],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54469,54470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54471,54472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54473,12512],{"class":1806},[20,54475,54476,54477,54479],{},"Remember: ",[15,54478,53330],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1112,54481,54483],{"id":54482},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[41,54485,54486],{"className":43,"code":53931,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54487,54488,54504,54522,54526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54489,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54491,302],{"class":56},[50,54493,61],{"class":60},[50,54495,65],{"class":64},[50,54497,309],{"class":111},[50,54499,78],{"class":64},[50,54501,314],{"class":111},[50,54503,98],{"class":64},[50,54505,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518,54520],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54507,381],{"class":56},[50,54509,838],{"class":64},[50,54511,14254],{"class":158},[50,54513,2182],{"class":64},[50,54515,437],{"class":111},[50,54517,78],{"class":64},[50,54519,3181],{"class":111},[50,54521,2210],{"class":64},[50,54523,54524],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54525,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54527,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54529,366],{"class":151},[50,54531,155],{"class":64},[50,54533,381],{"class":158},[50,54535,186],{"class":64},[20,54537,189],{},[41,54539,54540],{"className":43,"code":53986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54541,54542],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54543,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54545,4620],{"class":64},[50,54547,309],{"class":111},[50,54549,78],{"class":64},[50,54551,314],{"class":111},[50,54553,78],{"class":64},[50,54555,65],{"class":64},[50,54557,437],{"class":111},[50,54559,78],{"class":64},[50,54561,3181],{"class":111},[50,54563,53920],{"class":64},[20,54565,3892,54566,54569,54570,7344],{},[15,54567,54568],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54571,54124],{},[1112,54573,54575],{"id":54574},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54577,54578,54580],{},[15,54579,53330],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54582,54583,54584,838],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[335,54585,54587],{"href":54586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54588,54589],{},"list.insert()",[20,54591,2931],{},[41,54593,54595],{"className":43,"code":54594,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54596,54597,54621,54644,54648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54598,54599,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54600,326],{"class":56},[50,54602,61],{"class":60},[50,54604,65],{"class":64},[50,54606,69],{"class":68},[50,54608,335],{"class":72},[50,54610,69],{"class":68},[50,54612,78],{"class":64},[50,54614,81],{"class":68},[50,54616,353],{"class":72},[50,54618,69],{"class":68},[50,54620,98],{"class":64},[50,54622,54623,54625,54627,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54624,36820],{"class":56},[50,54626,838],{"class":64},[50,54628,54629],{"class":158},"insert",[50,54631,155],{"class":64},[50,54633,309],{"class":111},[50,54635,78],{"class":64},[50,54637,81],{"class":68},[50,54639,344],{"class":72},[50,54641,69],{"class":68},[50,54643,186],{"class":64},[50,54645,54646],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54647,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54649,54650,54652,54654,54656],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54651,366],{"class":151},[50,54653,155],{"class":64},[50,54655,36820],{"class":158},[50,54657,186],{"class":64},[20,54659,189],{},[41,54661,54662],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54663,54664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54665,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54667,4620],{"class":64},[50,54669,413],{"class":68},[50,54671,335],{"class":72},[50,54673,413],{"class":68},[50,54675,78],{"class":64},[50,54677,408],{"class":68},[50,54679,344],{"class":72},[50,54681,413],{"class":68},[50,54683,78],{"class":64},[50,54685,408],{"class":68},[50,54687,353],{"class":72},[50,54689,413],{"class":68},[50,54691,98],{"class":64},[36,54693,54695],{"id":54694},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54697,54698,54700],{},[15,54699,53330],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54702,37103],{},[233,54704,54705,54708,54711,54714],{},[236,54706,54707],{},"building a list in a loop",[236,54709,54710],{},"collecting user input",[236,54712,54713],{},"storing results step by step",[236,54715,54716],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54718,54719],{},"Example with a loop:",[41,54721,54723],{"className":43,"code":54722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54724,54725,54734,54738,54759,54778,54782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54726,54727,54730,54732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54728,54729],{"class":56},"squares ",[50,54731,61],{"class":60},[50,54733,8551],{"class":64},[50,54735,54736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54737,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54739,54740,54742,54744,54746,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54741,33],{"class":137},[50,54743,7100],{"class":56},[50,54745,148],{"class":137},[50,54747,54748],{"class":151}," range",[50,54750,155],{"class":64},[50,54752,309],{"class":111},[50,54754,78],{"class":64},[50,54756,5325],{"class":111},[50,54758,167],{"class":64},[50,54760,54761,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54762,54763],{"class":56},"    squares",[50,54765,838],{"class":64},[50,54767,14254],{"class":158},[50,54769,155],{"class":64},[50,54771,2941],{"class":158},[50,54773,40549],{"class":60},[50,54775,2920],{"class":158},[50,54777,186],{"class":64},[50,54779,54780],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,54781,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54783,54784,54786,54788,54791],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,54785,366],{"class":151},[50,54787,155],{"class":64},[50,54789,54790],{"class":158},"squares",[50,54792,186],{"class":64},[20,54794,189],{},[41,54796,54798],{"className":43,"code":54797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54799,54800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54801,54802,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54815,54817,54819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54803,4620],{"class":64},[50,54805,309],{"class":111},[50,54807,78],{"class":64},[50,54809,3181],{"class":111},[50,54811,78],{"class":64},[50,54813,54814],{"class":111}," 9",[50,54816,78],{"class":64},[50,54818,14689],{"class":111},[50,54820,98],{"class":64},[36,54822,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,54824,54826],{"id":54825},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54828,47041,54829,54831,54832,838],{},[15,54830,53330],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54833,4501],{},[1112,54835,54837],{"id":54836},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54839,54840,54841,838],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[335,54842,54843],{"href":54022},[15,54844,54124],{},[1112,54846,54848],{"id":54847},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54850,54851],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54853,2931],{},[41,54855,54857],{"className":43,"code":54856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54858,54859,54875,54893,54897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54860,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54862,1818],{"class":56},[50,54864,61],{"class":60},[50,54866,65],{"class":64},[50,54868,309],{"class":111},[50,54870,78],{"class":64},[50,54872,314],{"class":111},[50,54874,98],{"class":64},[50,54876,54877,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,54878,1845],{"class":56},[50,54880,838],{"class":64},[50,54882,14254],{"class":158},[50,54884,2182],{"class":64},[50,54886,437],{"class":111},[50,54888,78],{"class":64},[50,54890,3181],{"class":111},[50,54892,2210],{"class":64},[50,54894,54895],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,54896,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,54898,54899,54901,54903,54905],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,54900,366],{"class":151},[50,54902,155],{"class":64},[50,54904,1845],{"class":158},[50,54906,186],{"class":64},[20,54908,189],{},[41,54910,54911],{"className":43,"code":53986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54912,54913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54914,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54916,4620],{"class":64},[50,54918,309],{"class":111},[50,54920,78],{"class":64},[50,54922,314],{"class":111},[50,54924,78],{"class":64},[50,54926,65],{"class":64},[50,54928,437],{"class":111},[50,54930,78],{"class":64},[50,54932,3181],{"class":111},[50,54934,53920],{"class":64},[1112,54936,54938],{"id":54937},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54940,54941,54943,54944,54947],{},[15,54942,53330],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54945,54946],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[36,54949,2610],{"id":2609},[233,54951,54952,54957,54961,54966,54970],{},[236,54953,54954],{},[335,54955,54956],{"href":53726},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[236,54958,54959],{},[335,54960,54238],{"href":54022},[236,54962,54963],{},[335,54964,54965],{"href":54586},"Python list insert() method",[236,54967,54968],{},[335,54969,53449],{"href":51656},[236,54971,54972],{},[335,54973,54975],{"href":54974},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2640,54977,54978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":54980},[54981,54982,54983,54984,54985,54986,54992,54998,54999,55005],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":53409,"depth":101,"text":53410},{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":53730,"depth":101,"text":53731},{"id":54029,"depth":101,"text":54030,"children":54987},[54988,54990],{"id":54036,"depth":127,"text":54989},"Using append()",{"id":54121,"depth":127,"text":54991},"Using extend()",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":54993},[54994,54995,54996,54997],{"id":54243,"depth":127,"text":54244},{"id":54421,"depth":127,"text":54422},{"id":54482,"depth":127,"text":54483},{"id":54574,"depth":127,"text":54575},{"id":54694,"depth":101,"text":54695},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":55000},[55001,55002,55003,55004],{"id":54825,"depth":127,"text":54826},{"id":54836,"depth":127,"text":54837},{"id":54847,"depth":127,"text":54848},{"id":54937,"depth":127,"text":54938},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53320,"description":55006},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":55013,"title":55014,"body":55015,"description":56259,"extension":2687,"meta":56260,"navigation":130,"path":56261,"seo":56262,"stem":56263,"__hash__":56264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":55016,"toc":56224},[55017,55023,55029,55035,55037,55085,55090,55095,55099,55115,55121,55123,55126,55141,55143,55154,55156,55158,55215,55217,55225,55227,55243,55249,55251,55257,55261,55345,55348,55397,55404,55412,55415,55429,55442,55448,55523,55530,55537,55611,55619,55622,55633,55642,55646,55650,55661,55663,55740,55761,55763,55773,55776,55824,55826,55847,55850,55852,55903,55909,55916,55983,55989,55995,55998,56025,56030,56036,56039,56111,56114,56125,56131,56133,56139,56142,56148,56154,56161,56169,56175,56181,56183,56221],[10,55018,55020,55021,12024],{"id":55019},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,55022,12023],{},[20,55024,55025,55028],{},[15,55026,55027],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,55030,55031,55032,55034],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[4465,55033,12036],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[36,55036,4331],{"id":4330},[41,55038,55040],{"className":43,"code":55039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55041,55042,55062,55072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55043,55044,55046,55048,55050,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55045,8493],{"class":56},[50,55047,61],{"class":60},[50,55049,65],{"class":64},[50,55051,309],{"class":111},[50,55053,78],{"class":64},[50,55055,314],{"class":111},[50,55057,78],{"class":64},[50,55059,319],{"class":111},[50,55061,98],{"class":64},[50,55063,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55065,8522],{"class":56},[50,55067,838],{"class":64},[50,55069,12085],{"class":158},[50,55071,9354],{"class":64},[50,55073,55074,55076,55078,55080,55082],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55075,366],{"class":151},[50,55077,155],{"class":64},[50,55079,8522],{"class":158},[50,55081,4382],{"class":64},[50,55083,55084],{"class":4385},"  # []\n",[20,55086,221,55087,55089],{},[15,55088,12023],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[36,55091,228,55093,231],{"id":55092},"what-listclear-does",[15,55094,55027],{},[20,55096,55097,1408],{},[15,55098,55027],{},[233,55100,55101,55104,55107,55112],{},[236,55102,55103],{},"Removes every item from a list",[236,55105,55106],{},"Changes the original list in place",[236,55108,55109,55110],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,55111,4510],{},[236,55113,55114],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,55116,55117,55118,55120],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,55119,12023],{},", but it contains no values.",[36,55122,256],{"id":255},[20,55124,55125],{},"Syntax:",[41,55127,55129],{"className":43,"code":55128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,55130,55131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55132,55133,55135,55137,55139],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55134,9051],{"class":56},[50,55136,838],{"class":64},[50,55138,12085],{"class":158},[50,55140,9354],{"class":64},[20,55142,12161],{},[233,55144,55145,55148,55151],{},[236,55146,55147],{},"Call it on a list object",[236,55149,55150],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[236,55152,55153],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[36,55155,12178],{"id":12177},[20,55157,12181],{},[41,55159,55161],{"className":43,"code":55160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,55162,55163,55187,55191,55201,55205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55164,55165,55167,55169,55171,55173,55175,55177,55179,55181,55183,55185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55166,302],{"class":56},[50,55168,61],{"class":60},[50,55170,65],{"class":64},[50,55172,1868],{"class":111},[50,55174,78],{"class":64},[50,55176,1873],{"class":111},[50,55178,78],{"class":64},[50,55180,1878],{"class":111},[50,55182,78],{"class":64},[50,55184,51520],{"class":111},[50,55186,98],{"class":64},[50,55188,55189],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55190,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55192,55193,55195,55197,55199],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55194,381],{"class":56},[50,55196,838],{"class":64},[50,55198,12085],{"class":158},[50,55200,9354],{"class":64},[50,55202,55203],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55204,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55208,366],{"class":151},[50,55210,155],{"class":64},[50,55212,381],{"class":158},[50,55214,186],{"class":64},[20,55216,189],{},[41,55218,55219],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,55220,55221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55222,55223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55224,1602],{"class":64},[20,55226,12387],{},[233,55228,55229,55234,55240],{},[236,55230,55231,55233],{},[15,55232,381],{}," starts with four items",[236,55235,55236,55239],{},[15,55237,55238],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[236,55241,55242],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55244,55245,55246,838],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[335,55247,53449],{"href":55248},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[36,55250,18117],{"id":18116},[20,55252,55253,3121,55255,838],{},[15,55254,12023],{},[15,55256,4501],{},[20,55258,41583,55259,53345],{},[4465,55260,5351],{},[41,55262,55264],{"className":43,"code":55263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55265,55266,55298,55302,55316,55320,55333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55267,55268,55270,55272,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55269,8493],{"class":56},[50,55271,61],{"class":60},[50,55273,65],{"class":64},[50,55275,69],{"class":68},[50,55277,335],{"class":72},[50,55279,69],{"class":68},[50,55281,78],{"class":64},[50,55283,81],{"class":68},[50,55285,344],{"class":72},[50,55287,69],{"class":68},[50,55289,78],{"class":64},[50,55291,81],{"class":68},[50,55293,353],{"class":72},[50,55295,69],{"class":68},[50,55297,98],{"class":64},[50,55299,55300],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55301,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55303,55304,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55305,2954],{"class":56},[50,55307,61],{"class":60},[50,55309,6678],{"class":56},[50,55311,838],{"class":64},[50,55313,12085],{"class":158},[50,55315,9354],{"class":64},[50,55317,55318],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55319,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328,55330],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55323,366],{"class":151},[50,55325,155],{"class":64},[50,55327,8522],{"class":158},[50,55329,4382],{"class":64},[50,55331,55332],{"class":4385},"   # []\n",[50,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,55336,366],{"class":151},[50,55338,155],{"class":64},[50,55340,2989],{"class":158},[50,55342,4382],{"class":64},[50,55344,21574],{"class":4385},[20,55346,55347],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[41,55349,55351],{"className":43,"code":55350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55352,55353,55373,55387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55354,55355,55357,55359,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55356,8493],{"class":56},[50,55358,61],{"class":60},[50,55360,65],{"class":64},[50,55362,309],{"class":111},[50,55364,78],{"class":64},[50,55366,314],{"class":111},[50,55368,78],{"class":64},[50,55370,319],{"class":111},[50,55372,98],{"class":64},[50,55374,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55376,8493],{"class":56},[50,55378,61],{"class":60},[50,55380,6678],{"class":56},[50,55382,838],{"class":64},[50,55384,12085],{"class":158},[50,55386,9354],{"class":64},[50,55388,55389,55391,55393,55395],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55390,366],{"class":151},[50,55392,155],{"class":64},[50,55394,8522],{"class":158},[50,55396,186],{"class":64},[20,55398,12620,55399,42831,55401,55403],{},[15,55400,8522],{},[15,55402,4501],{},", not an empty list.",[36,55405,55407,55409,55410],{"id":55406},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55408,12023],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55411,4510],{},[20,55413,55414],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[41,55416,55417],{"className":43,"code":55128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,55418,55419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55422,9051],{"class":56},[50,55424,838],{"class":64},[50,55426,12085],{"class":158},[50,55428,9354],{"class":64},[41,55430,55432],{"className":43,"code":55431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n",[15,55433,55434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55435,55436,55438,55440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55437,9020],{"class":56},[50,55439,61],{"class":60},[50,55441,8551],{"class":64},[1112,55443,55445,55447],{"id":55444},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55446,12023],{}," empties the same list object",[41,55449,55451],{"className":43,"code":55450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55452,55453,55473,55481,55485,55495,55499,55511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55454,55455,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55456,1942],{"class":56},[50,55458,61],{"class":60},[50,55460,65],{"class":64},[50,55462,309],{"class":111},[50,55464,78],{"class":64},[50,55466,314],{"class":111},[50,55468,78],{"class":64},[50,55470,319],{"class":111},[50,55472,98],{"class":64},[50,55474,55475,55477,55479],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55476,3304],{"class":56},[50,55478,61],{"class":60},[50,55480,36852],{"class":56},[50,55482,55483],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55484,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55486,55487,55489,55491,55493],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55488,335],{"class":56},[50,55490,838],{"class":64},[50,55492,12085],{"class":158},[50,55494,9354],{"class":64},[50,55496,55497],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55498,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55500,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,55502,366],{"class":151},[50,55504,155],{"class":64},[50,55506,335],{"class":158},[50,55508,4382],{"class":64},[50,55510,55084],{"class":4385},[50,55512,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,55514,366],{"class":151},[50,55516,155],{"class":64},[50,55518,344],{"class":158},[50,55520,4382],{"class":64},[50,55522,55084],{"class":4385},[20,55524,11291,55525,827,55527,55529],{},[15,55526,335],{},[15,55528,344],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1112,55531,55533,55536],{"id":55532},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55534,55535],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[41,55538,55540],{"className":43,"code":55539,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55541,55542,55562,55570,55574,55582,55586,55598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55543,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55545,1942],{"class":56},[50,55547,61],{"class":60},[50,55549,65],{"class":64},[50,55551,309],{"class":111},[50,55553,78],{"class":64},[50,55555,314],{"class":111},[50,55557,78],{"class":64},[50,55559,319],{"class":111},[50,55561,98],{"class":64},[50,55563,55564,55566,55568],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55565,3304],{"class":56},[50,55567,61],{"class":60},[50,55569,36852],{"class":56},[50,55571,55572],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55573,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55575,55576,55578,55580],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55577,1942],{"class":56},[50,55579,61],{"class":60},[50,55581,8551],{"class":64},[50,55583,55584],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55585,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55587,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,55589,366],{"class":151},[50,55591,155],{"class":64},[50,55593,335],{"class":158},[50,55595,4382],{"class":64},[50,55597,55084],{"class":4385},[50,55599,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,55601,366],{"class":151},[50,55603,155],{"class":64},[50,55605,344],{"class":158},[50,55607,4382],{"class":64},[50,55609,55610],{"class":4385},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55612,21469,55613,55615,55616,55618],{},[15,55614,335],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55617,344],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55620,55621],{},"This difference matters when:",[233,55623,55624,55627,55630],{},[236,55625,55626],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[236,55628,55629],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[236,55631,55632],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55634,55635,55636,838],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[335,55637,55639,55640,11442],{"href":55638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55641,13480],{},[36,55643,5681,55644],{"id":13142},[15,55645,12023],{},[20,55647,221,55648,7031],{},[15,55649,12023],{},[233,55651,55652,55655,55658],{},[236,55653,55654],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[236,55656,55657],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[236,55659,55660],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55662,2931],{},[41,55664,55666],{"className":43,"code":55665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55667,55668,55704,55708,55713,55724,55728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55669,55670,55673,55675,55677,55679,55682,55684,55686,55688,55691,55693,55695,55697,55700,55702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55671,55672],{"class":56},"shopping_cart ",[50,55674,61],{"class":60},[50,55676,65],{"class":64},[50,55678,69],{"class":68},[50,55680,55681],{"class":72},"milk",[50,55683,69],{"class":68},[50,55685,78],{"class":64},[50,55687,81],{"class":68},[50,55689,55690],{"class":72},"bread",[50,55692,69],{"class":68},[50,55694,78],{"class":64},[50,55696,81],{"class":68},[50,55698,55699],{"class":72},"eggs",[50,55701,69],{"class":68},[50,55703,98],{"class":64},[50,55705,55706],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55707,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55709,55710],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55711,55712],{"class":4385},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[50,55714,55715,55718,55720,55722],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55716,55717],{"class":56},"shopping_cart",[50,55719,838],{"class":64},[50,55721,12085],{"class":158},[50,55723,9354],{"class":64},[50,55725,55726],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55727,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55729,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,55731,366],{"class":151},[50,55733,155],{"class":64},[50,55735,55717],{"class":158},[50,55737,4382],{"class":64},[50,55739,55084],{"class":4385},[20,55741,55742,55743,55747,55748,55754,55755,838],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[335,55744,55746],{"href":55745},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[335,55749,55751,11442],{"href":55750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55752,55753],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[335,55756,55758,11442],{"href":55757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55759,55760],{},"list.pop()",[36,55762,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,55764,55766,55767,11794,55770],{"id":55765},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55768,55769],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55771,55772],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55774,55775],{},"This does not call the method.",[41,55777,55779],{"className":43,"code":55778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55780,55781,55801,55805,55814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55782,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55784,8493],{"class":56},[50,55786,61],{"class":60},[50,55788,65],{"class":64},[50,55790,309],{"class":111},[50,55792,78],{"class":64},[50,55794,314],{"class":111},[50,55796,78],{"class":64},[50,55798,319],{"class":111},[50,55800,98],{"class":64},[50,55802,55803],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55804,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55806,55807,55809,55811],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55808,8522],{"class":56},[50,55810,838],{"class":64},[50,55812,55813],{"class":25443},"clear\n",[50,55815,55816,55818,55820,55822],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55817,366],{"class":151},[50,55819,155],{"class":64},[50,55821,8522],{"class":158},[50,55823,186],{"class":64},[20,55825,189],{},[41,55827,55829],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55830,55831],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55832,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55834,4620],{"class":64},[50,55836,309],{"class":111},[50,55838,78],{"class":64},[50,55840,314],{"class":111},[50,55842,78],{"class":64},[50,55844,319],{"class":111},[50,55846,98],{"class":64},[20,55848,55849],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55851,11509],{},[41,55853,55855],{"className":43,"code":55854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55856,55857,55877,55881,55891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55860,8493],{"class":56},[50,55862,61],{"class":60},[50,55864,65],{"class":64},[50,55866,309],{"class":111},[50,55868,78],{"class":64},[50,55870,314],{"class":111},[50,55872,78],{"class":64},[50,55874,319],{"class":111},[50,55876,98],{"class":64},[50,55878,55879],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55880,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55882,55883,55885,55887,55889],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55884,8522],{"class":56},[50,55886,838],{"class":64},[50,55888,12085],{"class":158},[50,55890,9354],{"class":64},[50,55892,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55894,366],{"class":151},[50,55896,155],{"class":64},[50,55898,8522],{"class":158},[50,55900,4382],{"class":64},[50,55902,55084],{"class":4385},[1112,55904,2120,55906,55908],{"id":55905},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55907,12023],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55910,55911,3121,55913,55915],{},[15,55912,12023],{},[15,55914,4501],{},", not the list.",[41,55917,55919],{"className":43,"code":55918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55920,55921,55941,55955,55959,55971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55922,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55924,8493],{"class":56},[50,55926,61],{"class":60},[50,55928,65],{"class":64},[50,55930,309],{"class":111},[50,55932,78],{"class":64},[50,55934,314],{"class":111},[50,55936,78],{"class":64},[50,55938,319],{"class":111},[50,55940,98],{"class":64},[50,55942,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,55944,2954],{"class":56},[50,55946,61],{"class":60},[50,55948,6678],{"class":56},[50,55950,838],{"class":64},[50,55952,12085],{"class":158},[50,55954,9354],{"class":64},[50,55956,55957],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,55958,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,55960,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,55962,366],{"class":151},[50,55964,155],{"class":64},[50,55966,2989],{"class":158},[50,55968,4382],{"class":64},[50,55970,21574],{"class":4385},[50,55972,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,55974,366],{"class":151},[50,55976,155],{"class":64},[50,55978,8522],{"class":158},[50,55980,4382],{"class":64},[50,55982,55332],{"class":4385},[1112,55984,2447,55986,55988],{"id":55985},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55987,12023],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55990,55991,55992,55994],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55993,12023],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55996,55997],{},"This will fail:",[41,55999,56001],{"className":43,"code":56000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,56002,56003,56015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56004,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56006,35372],{"class":56},[50,56008,61],{"class":60},[50,56010,81],{"class":68},[50,56012,4568],{"class":72},[50,56014,4082],{"class":68},[50,56016,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56018,35393],{"class":56},[50,56020,838],{"class":64},[50,56022,12085],{"class":158},[50,56024,9354],{"class":64},[20,56026,56027,56028,34285],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,56029,12023],{},[20,56031,56032,56033,56035],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,56034,4501],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,56037,56038],{},"Useful checks:",[41,56040,56042],{"className":43,"code":56041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,56043,56044,56054,56068,56082,56091,56101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56045,56046,56048,56050,56052],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56047,366],{"class":151},[50,56049,155],{"class":64},[50,56051,9051],{"class":158},[50,56053,186],{"class":64},[50,56055,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56057,366],{"class":151},[50,56059,155],{"class":64},[50,56061,3945],{"class":371},[50,56063,155],{"class":64},[50,56065,9051],{"class":158},[50,56067,1077],{"class":64},[50,56069,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56071,366],{"class":151},[50,56073,155],{"class":64},[50,56075,1761],{"class":151},[50,56077,155],{"class":64},[50,56079,9051],{"class":158},[50,56081,1077],{"class":64},[50,56083,56084,56086,56088],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56085,44226],{"class":56},[50,56087,61],{"class":60},[50,56089,56090],{"class":56}," my_list\n",[50,56092,56093,56095,56097,56099],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,56094,9051],{"class":56},[50,56096,838],{"class":64},[50,56098,12085],{"class":158},[50,56100,9354],{"class":64},[50,56102,56103,56105,56107,56109],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,56104,366],{"class":151},[50,56106,155],{"class":64},[50,56108,31432],{"class":158},[50,56110,186],{"class":64},[20,56112,56113],{},"These can help you see:",[233,56115,56116,56119,56122],{},[236,56117,56118],{},"What the variable currently contains",[236,56120,56121],{},"Whether it is really a list",[236,56123,56124],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,56126,56127,56128,838],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[335,56129,56130],{"href":54974},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[36,56132,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,56134,2569,56136,56138],{"id":56135},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,56137,55027],{}," delete the list?",[20,56140,56141],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1112,56143,2569,56145,56147],{"id":56144},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,56146,55027],{}," return a new list?",[20,56149,56150,56151,56153],{},"No. It returns ",[15,56152,4501],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1112,56155,5893,56157,827,56159,2582],{"id":56156},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,56158,12023],{},[15,56160,55535],{},[20,56162,56163,56165,56166,56168],{},[15,56164,12023],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,56167,55535],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1112,56170,29019,56172,56174],{"id":56171},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,56173,12023],{}," on other types?",[20,56176,56177,56178,56180],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56179,12023],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[36,56182,2610],{"id":2609},[233,56184,56185,56189,56194,56201,56208,56214],{},[236,56186,56187],{},[335,56188,53449],{"href":55248},[236,56190,56191],{},[335,56192,56193],{"href":55745},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[236,56195,56196],{},[335,56197,56198,56199,11442],{"href":55757},"Python list ",[15,56200,13466],{},[236,56202,56203],{},[335,56204,56198,56205,11442],{"href":55750},[15,56206,56207],{},"remove()",[236,56209,56210],{},[335,56211,56198,56212,11442],{"href":55638},[15,56213,13480],{},[236,56215,56216],{},[335,56217,31037,56218,34318],{"href":54974},[15,56219,56220],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2640,56222,56223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":56225},[56226,56227,56229,56230,56231,56232,56239,56240,56248,56258],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":55092,"depth":101,"text":56228},"What list.clear() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":55406,"depth":101,"text":56233,"children":56234},"clear() vs assigning []",[56235,56237],{"id":55444,"depth":127,"text":56236},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55532,"depth":127,"text":56238},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13142,"depth":101,"text":13512},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":56241},[56242,56244,56246],{"id":55765,"depth":127,"text":56243},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55905,"depth":127,"text":56245},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55985,"depth":127,"text":56247},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":56249},[56250,56252,56254,56256],{"id":56135,"depth":127,"text":56251},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56144,"depth":127,"text":56253},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56156,"depth":127,"text":56255},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56171,"depth":127,"text":56257},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":55014,"description":56259},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56266,"title":56267,"body":56268,"description":57952,"extension":2687,"meta":57953,"navigation":130,"path":57954,"seo":57955,"stem":57956,"__hash__":57957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56269,"toc":57920},[56270,56275,56281,56289,56291,56380,56387,56392,56396,56410,56412,56489,56491,56552,56555,56557,56559,56580,56583,56597,56600,56645,56647,56655,56658,56664,56670,56673,56750,56752,56797,56800,56805,56888,56890,56931,56936,56940,56946,56948,56956,56959,57052,57054,57112,57115,57131,57136,57146,57151,57153,57158,57163,57166,57168,57225,57228,57281,57287,57292,57296,57313,57315,57399,57401,57442,57450,57452,57457,57463,57465,57528,57533,57602,57606,57641,57644,57646,57685,57689,57765,57771,57777,57782,57804,57807,57826,57834,57836,57842,57845,57852,57860,57865,57868,57872,57878,57886,57889,57891,57917],[10,56271,55020,56273,12024],{"id":56272},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56274,13480],{},[20,56276,56277,56280],{},[15,56278,56279],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56282,56283,56284,14755,56286,56288],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56285,61],{},[4465,56287,5351],{}," make a real copy.",[36,56290,39],{"id":38},[41,56292,56294],{"className":43,"code":56293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56295,56296,56316,56331,56335,56350,56354,56367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56297,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56299,302],{"class":56},[50,56301,61],{"class":60},[50,56303,65],{"class":64},[50,56305,309],{"class":111},[50,56307,78],{"class":64},[50,56309,314],{"class":111},[50,56311,78],{"class":64},[50,56313,319],{"class":111},[50,56315,98],{"class":64},[50,56317,56318,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56319,56320],{"class":56},"new_numbers ",[50,56322,61],{"class":60},[50,56324,4982],{"class":56},[50,56326,838],{"class":64},[50,56328,13614],{"class":158},[50,56330,9354],{"class":64},[50,56332,56333],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56334,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56336,56337,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56338,56339],{"class":56},"new_numbers",[50,56341,838],{"class":64},[50,56343,14254],{"class":158},[50,56345,155],{"class":64},[50,56347,1089],{"class":111},[50,56349,186],{"class":64},[50,56351,56352],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,56353,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56355,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,56357,366],{"class":151},[50,56359,155],{"class":64},[50,56361,381],{"class":158},[50,56363,4382],{"class":64},[50,56365,56366],{"class":4385},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[50,56368,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,56370,366],{"class":151},[50,56372,155],{"class":64},[50,56374,56339],{"class":158},[50,56376,4382],{"class":64},[50,56378,56379],{"class":4385},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56381,221,56382,56384,56385,838],{},[15,56383,56279],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[4465,56386,13554],{},[36,56388,228,56390,231],{"id":56389},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56391,56279],{},[20,56393,56394,1408],{},[15,56395,56279],{},[233,56397,56398,56401,56404,56407],{},[236,56399,56400],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[236,56402,56403],{},"Returns that new list",[236,56405,56406],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[236,56408,56409],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56411,2931],{},[41,56413,56415],{"className":43,"code":56414,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56416,56417,56449,56464,56468,56478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56418,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56420,36916],{"class":56},[50,56422,61],{"class":60},[50,56424,65],{"class":64},[50,56426,69],{"class":68},[50,56428,4797],{"class":72},[50,56430,69],{"class":68},[50,56432,78],{"class":64},[50,56434,81],{"class":68},[50,56436,4806],{"class":72},[50,56438,69],{"class":68},[50,56440,78],{"class":64},[50,56442,81],{"class":68},[50,56444,33905],{"class":72},[50,56446,69],{"class":68},[50,56448,98],{"class":64},[50,56450,56451,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56452,56453],{"class":56},"copied_fruits ",[50,56455,61],{"class":60},[50,56457,53529],{"class":56},[50,56459,838],{"class":64},[50,56461,13614],{"class":158},[50,56463,9354],{"class":64},[50,56465,56466],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56467,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56469,56470,56472,56474,56476],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56471,366],{"class":151},[50,56473,155],{"class":64},[50,56475,36968],{"class":158},[50,56477,186],{"class":64},[50,56479,56480,56482,56484,56487],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,56481,366],{"class":151},[50,56483,155],{"class":64},[50,56485,56486],{"class":158},"copied_fruits",[50,56488,186],{"class":64},[20,56490,189],{},[41,56492,56494],{"className":43,"code":56493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56495,56496,56524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56499,4620],{"class":64},[50,56501,413],{"class":68},[50,56503,4797],{"class":72},[50,56505,413],{"class":68},[50,56507,78],{"class":64},[50,56509,408],{"class":68},[50,56511,4806],{"class":72},[50,56513,413],{"class":68},[50,56515,78],{"class":64},[50,56517,408],{"class":68},[50,56519,33905],{"class":72},[50,56521,413],{"class":68},[50,56523,98],{"class":64},[50,56525,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56527,4620],{"class":64},[50,56529,413],{"class":68},[50,56531,4797],{"class":72},[50,56533,413],{"class":68},[50,56535,78],{"class":64},[50,56537,408],{"class":68},[50,56539,4806],{"class":72},[50,56541,413],{"class":68},[50,56543,78],{"class":64},[50,56545,408],{"class":68},[50,56547,33905],{"class":72},[50,56549,413],{"class":68},[50,56551,98],{"class":64},[20,56553,56554],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[36,56556,256],{"id":255},[20,56558,2882],{},[41,56560,56562],{"className":43,"code":56561,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56563,56564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56565,56566,56569,56571,56574,56576,56578],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56567,56568],{"class":56},"new_list ",[50,56570,61],{"class":60},[50,56572,56573],{"class":56}," old_list",[50,56575,838],{"class":64},[50,56577,13614],{"class":158},[50,56579,9354],{"class":64},[20,56581,56582],{},"How it works:",[233,56584,56585,56591,56594],{},[236,56586,56587,56588,56590],{},"Call ",[15,56589,13480],{}," on an existing list",[236,56592,56593],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[236,56595,56596],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56598,56599],{},"Example with an empty list:",[41,56601,56603],{"className":43,"code":56602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56604,56605,56614,56630,56634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56606,56607,56610,56612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56608,56609],{"class":56},"empty_list ",[50,56611,61],{"class":60},[50,56613,8551],{"class":64},[50,56615,56616,56619,56621,56624,56626,56628],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56617,56618],{"class":56},"new_empty_list ",[50,56620,61],{"class":60},[50,56622,56623],{"class":56}," empty_list",[50,56625,838],{"class":64},[50,56627,13614],{"class":158},[50,56629,9354],{"class":64},[50,56631,56632],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56633,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56635,56636,56638,56640,56643],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56637,366],{"class":151},[50,56639,155],{"class":64},[50,56641,56642],{"class":158},"new_empty_list",[50,56644,186],{"class":64},[20,56646,189],{},[41,56648,56649],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,56650,56651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56652,56653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56654,1602],{"class":64},[20,56656,56657],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[36,56659,56661,56662],{"id":56660},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56663,61],{},[20,56665,2447,56666,14755,56668,53345],{},[15,56667,61],{},[4465,56669,5351],{},[20,56671,56672],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[41,56674,56676],{"className":43,"code":56675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56677,56678,56698,56707,56711,56726,56730,56740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56679,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56681,302],{"class":56},[50,56683,61],{"class":60},[50,56685,65],{"class":64},[50,56687,309],{"class":111},[50,56689,78],{"class":64},[50,56691,314],{"class":111},[50,56693,78],{"class":64},[50,56695,319],{"class":111},[50,56697,98],{"class":64},[50,56699,56700,56703,56705],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56701,56702],{"class":56},"same_list ",[50,56704,61],{"class":60},[50,56706,44659],{"class":56},[50,56708,56709],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56710,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56712,56713,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56714,56715],{"class":56},"same_list",[50,56717,838],{"class":64},[50,56719,14254],{"class":158},[50,56721,155],{"class":64},[50,56723,1089],{"class":111},[50,56725,186],{"class":64},[50,56727,56728],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,56729,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56731,56732,56734,56736,56738],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,56733,366],{"class":151},[50,56735,155],{"class":64},[50,56737,381],{"class":158},[50,56739,186],{"class":64},[50,56741,56742,56744,56746,56748],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,56743,366],{"class":151},[50,56745,155],{"class":64},[50,56747,56715],{"class":158},[50,56749,186],{"class":64},[20,56751,189],{},[41,56753,56755],{"className":43,"code":56754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56756,56757,56777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56758,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56760,4620],{"class":64},[50,56762,309],{"class":111},[50,56764,78],{"class":64},[50,56766,314],{"class":111},[50,56768,78],{"class":64},[50,56770,319],{"class":111},[50,56772,78],{"class":64},[50,56774,3181],{"class":111},[50,56776,98],{"class":64},[50,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56780,4620],{"class":64},[50,56782,309],{"class":111},[50,56784,78],{"class":64},[50,56786,314],{"class":111},[50,56788,78],{"class":64},[50,56790,319],{"class":111},[50,56792,78],{"class":64},[50,56794,3181],{"class":111},[50,56796,98],{"class":64},[20,56798,56799],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56801,56802,56803,1408],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56804,13480],{},[41,56806,56808],{"className":43,"code":56807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56809,56810,56830,56845,56849,56864,56868,56878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56811,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826,56828],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56813,302],{"class":56},[50,56815,61],{"class":60},[50,56817,65],{"class":64},[50,56819,309],{"class":111},[50,56821,78],{"class":64},[50,56823,314],{"class":111},[50,56825,78],{"class":64},[50,56827,319],{"class":111},[50,56829,98],{"class":64},[50,56831,56832,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56833,56834],{"class":56},"copied_numbers ",[50,56836,61],{"class":60},[50,56838,4982],{"class":56},[50,56840,838],{"class":64},[50,56842,13614],{"class":158},[50,56844,9354],{"class":64},[50,56846,56847],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,56848,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56850,56851,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,56852,56853],{"class":56},"copied_numbers",[50,56855,838],{"class":64},[50,56857,14254],{"class":158},[50,56859,155],{"class":64},[50,56861,1089],{"class":111},[50,56863,186],{"class":64},[50,56865,56866],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,56867,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,56869,56870,56872,56874,56876],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,56871,366],{"class":151},[50,56873,155],{"class":64},[50,56875,381],{"class":158},[50,56877,186],{"class":64},[50,56879,56880,56882,56884,56886],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,56881,366],{"class":151},[50,56883,155],{"class":64},[50,56885,56853],{"class":158},[50,56887,186],{"class":64},[20,56889,189],{},[41,56891,56893],{"className":43,"code":56892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56894,56895,56911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56896,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56898,4620],{"class":64},[50,56900,309],{"class":111},[50,56902,78],{"class":64},[50,56904,314],{"class":111},[50,56906,78],{"class":64},[50,56908,319],{"class":111},[50,56910,98],{"class":64},[50,56912,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56914,4620],{"class":64},[50,56916,309],{"class":111},[50,56918,78],{"class":64},[50,56920,314],{"class":111},[50,56922,78],{"class":64},[50,56924,319],{"class":111},[50,56926,78],{"class":64},[50,56928,3181],{"class":111},[50,56930,98],{"class":64},[20,56932,56933,56934,838],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[335,56935,53449],{"href":51656},[36,56937,56939],{"id":56938},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56941,56942,13551,56944,838],{},[15,56943,56279],{},[4465,56945,13554],{},[20,56947,2829],{},[233,56949,56950,56953],{},[236,56951,56952],{},"The outer list is new",[236,56954,56955],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56957,56958],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[41,56960,56962],{"className":43,"code":56961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56963,56964,56991,57005,57009,57028,57032,57042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56965,56966,56968,56970,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56967,12790],{"class":56},[50,56969,61],{"class":60},[50,56971,56972],{"class":64}," [[",[50,56974,309],{"class":111},[50,56976,78],{"class":64},[50,56978,314],{"class":111},[50,56980,2191],{"class":64},[50,56982,65],{"class":64},[50,56984,437],{"class":111},[50,56986,78],{"class":64},[50,56988,3181],{"class":111},[50,56990,53920],{"class":64},[50,56992,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,56994,15013],{"class":56},[50,56996,61],{"class":60},[50,56998,12865],{"class":56},[50,57000,838],{"class":64},[50,57002,13614],{"class":158},[50,57004,9354],{"class":64},[50,57006,57007],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57008,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57010,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57026],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57012,15032],{"class":56},[50,57014,4620],{"class":64},[50,57016,2842],{"class":111},[50,57018,14251],{"class":64},[50,57020,14254],{"class":158},[50,57022,155],{"class":64},[50,57024,57025],{"class":111},"99",[50,57027,186],{"class":64},[50,57029,57030],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,57031,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57033,57034,57036,57038,57040],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,57035,366],{"class":151},[50,57037,155],{"class":64},[50,57039,12837],{"class":158},[50,57041,186],{"class":64},[50,57043,57044,57046,57048,57050],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,57045,366],{"class":151},[50,57047,155],{"class":64},[50,57049,15032],{"class":158},[50,57051,186],{"class":64},[20,57053,189],{},[41,57055,57057],{"className":43,"code":57056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,57058,57059,57086],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57060,57061,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57062,57063],{"class":64},"[[",[50,57065,309],{"class":111},[50,57067,78],{"class":64},[50,57069,314],{"class":111},[50,57071,78],{"class":64},[50,57073,10898],{"class":111},[50,57075,2191],{"class":64},[50,57077,65],{"class":64},[50,57079,437],{"class":111},[50,57081,78],{"class":64},[50,57083,3181],{"class":111},[50,57085,53920],{"class":64},[50,57087,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57089,57063],{"class":64},[50,57091,309],{"class":111},[50,57093,78],{"class":64},[50,57095,314],{"class":111},[50,57097,78],{"class":64},[50,57099,10898],{"class":111},[50,57101,2191],{"class":64},[50,57103,65],{"class":64},[50,57105,437],{"class":111},[50,57107,78],{"class":64},[50,57109,3181],{"class":111},[50,57111,53920],{"class":64},[20,57113,57114],{},"Why did both change?",[233,57116,57117,57124],{},[236,57118,57119,827,57121,57123],{},[15,57120,12837],{},[15,57122,15032],{}," are different outer lists",[236,57125,57126,57127,57130],{},"But the inner list ",[15,57128,57129],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,57132,54331,57133,57135],{},[15,57134,13480],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[233,57137,57138,57141,57144],{},[236,57139,57140],{},"Numbers",[236,57142,57143],{},"Strings",[236,57145,41272],{},[20,57147,57148,57149,838],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[335,57150,14492],{"href":14491},[36,57152,18117],{"id":18116},[20,57154,57155,57157],{},[15,57156,56279],{}," returns a new list.",[20,57159,41583,57160,57162],{},[4465,57161,5351],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,57164,57165],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,57167,17356],{},[41,57169,57171],{"className":43,"code":57170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,57172,57173,57197,57211,57215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57176,13779],{"class":56},[50,57178,61],{"class":60},[50,57180,65],{"class":64},[50,57182,69],{"class":68},[50,57184,13796],{"class":72},[50,57186,69],{"class":68},[50,57188,78],{"class":64},[50,57190,81],{"class":68},[50,57192,13813],{"class":72},[50,57194,69],{"class":68},[50,57196,98],{"class":64},[50,57198,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57200,13822],{"class":56},[50,57202,61],{"class":60},[50,57204,13827],{"class":56},[50,57206,838],{"class":64},[50,57208,13614],{"class":158},[50,57210,9354],{"class":64},[50,57212,57213],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57214,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57216,57217,57219,57221,57223],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57218,366],{"class":151},[50,57220,155],{"class":64},[50,57222,13846],{"class":158},[50,57224,186],{"class":64},[20,57226,57227],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[41,57229,57231],{"className":43,"code":57230,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57232,57233,57257,57267,57271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57234,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57236,13779],{"class":56},[50,57238,61],{"class":60},[50,57240,65],{"class":64},[50,57242,69],{"class":68},[50,57244,13796],{"class":72},[50,57246,69],{"class":68},[50,57248,78],{"class":64},[50,57250,81],{"class":68},[50,57252,13813],{"class":72},[50,57254,69],{"class":68},[50,57256,98],{"class":64},[50,57258,57259,57261,57263,57265],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57260,18201],{"class":56},[50,57262,838],{"class":64},[50,57264,13614],{"class":158},[50,57266,9354],{"class":64},[50,57268,57269],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57270,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57272,57273,57275,57277,57279],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57274,366],{"class":151},[50,57276,155],{"class":64},[50,57278,18201],{"class":158},[50,57280,186],{"class":64},[20,57282,57283,57284,57286],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57285,13480],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[36,57288,5681,57290],{"id":57289},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57291,56279],{},[20,57293,221,57294,11302],{},[15,57295,56279],{},[233,57297,57298,57301,57304,57307],{},[236,57299,57300],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[236,57302,57303],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[236,57305,57306],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[236,57308,57309,57310],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57311,57312],{},"[:]",[20,57314,2931],{},[41,57316,57318],{"className":43,"code":57317,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57319,57320,57340,57355,57359,57374,57378,57388],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57321,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57323,104],{"class":56},[50,57325,61],{"class":60},[50,57327,65],{"class":64},[50,57329,1868],{"class":111},[50,57331,78],{"class":64},[50,57333,1873],{"class":111},[50,57335,78],{"class":64},[50,57337,1878],{"class":111},[50,57339,98],{"class":64},[50,57341,57342,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57343,57344],{"class":56},"backup_scores ",[50,57346,61],{"class":60},[50,57348,164],{"class":56},[50,57350,838],{"class":64},[50,57352,13614],{"class":158},[50,57354,9354],{"class":64},[50,57356,57357],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57358,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57372],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57362,1074],{"class":56},[50,57364,838],{"class":64},[50,57366,14254],{"class":158},[50,57368,155],{"class":64},[50,57370,57371],{"class":111},"40",[50,57373,186],{"class":64},[50,57375,57376],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,57377,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57379,57380,57382,57384,57386],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,57381,366],{"class":151},[50,57383,155],{"class":64},[50,57385,1074],{"class":158},[50,57387,186],{"class":64},[50,57389,57390,57392,57394,57397],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,57391,366],{"class":151},[50,57393,155],{"class":64},[50,57395,57396],{"class":158},"backup_scores",[50,57398,186],{"class":64},[20,57400,189],{},[41,57402,57404],{"className":43,"code":57403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57405,57406,57426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57407,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57409,4620],{"class":64},[50,57411,1868],{"class":111},[50,57413,78],{"class":64},[50,57415,1873],{"class":111},[50,57417,78],{"class":64},[50,57419,1878],{"class":111},[50,57421,78],{"class":64},[50,57423,51520],{"class":111},[50,57425,98],{"class":64},[50,57427,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57429,4620],{"class":64},[50,57431,1868],{"class":111},[50,57433,78],{"class":64},[50,57435,1873],{"class":111},[50,57437,78],{"class":64},[50,57439,1878],{"class":111},[50,57441,98],{"class":64},[20,57443,57444,57445,838],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[335,57446,56198,57448,11442],{"href":57447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57449,53330],{},[36,57451,5238],{"id":5237},[20,57453,57454,57455,838],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57456,56279],{},[1112,57458,2447,57460,57462],{"id":57459},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57461,61],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57464,39875],{},[41,57466,57468],{"className":43,"code":57467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57469,57470,57490,57498,57512,57516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57471,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57473,1942],{"class":56},[50,57475,61],{"class":60},[50,57477,65],{"class":64},[50,57479,309],{"class":111},[50,57481,78],{"class":64},[50,57483,314],{"class":111},[50,57485,78],{"class":64},[50,57487,319],{"class":111},[50,57489,98],{"class":64},[50,57491,57492,57494,57496],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57493,3304],{"class":56},[50,57495,61],{"class":60},[50,57497,36852],{"class":56},[50,57499,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57501,344],{"class":56},[50,57503,838],{"class":64},[50,57505,14254],{"class":158},[50,57507,155],{"class":64},[50,57509,1089],{"class":111},[50,57511,186],{"class":64},[50,57513,57514],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57515,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57517,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,57519,366],{"class":151},[50,57521,155],{"class":64},[50,57523,335],{"class":158},[50,57525,4382],{"class":64},[50,57527,56379],{"class":4385},[20,57529,57530,57531,7344],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57532,13480],{},[41,57534,57536],{"className":43,"code":57535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57537,57538,57558,57572,57586,57590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57539,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57541,1942],{"class":56},[50,57543,61],{"class":60},[50,57545,65],{"class":64},[50,57547,309],{"class":111},[50,57549,78],{"class":64},[50,57551,314],{"class":111},[50,57553,78],{"class":64},[50,57555,319],{"class":111},[50,57557,98],{"class":64},[50,57559,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57561,3304],{"class":56},[50,57563,61],{"class":60},[50,57565,1912],{"class":56},[50,57567,838],{"class":64},[50,57569,13614],{"class":158},[50,57571,9354],{"class":64},[50,57573,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57575,344],{"class":56},[50,57577,838],{"class":64},[50,57579,14254],{"class":158},[50,57581,155],{"class":64},[50,57583,1089],{"class":111},[50,57585,186],{"class":64},[50,57587,57588],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57589,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57591,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,57593,366],{"class":151},[50,57595,155],{"class":64},[50,57597,335],{"class":158},[50,57599,4382],{"class":64},[50,57601,55610],{"class":4385},[1112,57603,57605],{"id":57604},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[41,57607,57609],{"className":43,"code":57608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57610,57611,57631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57612,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57614,302],{"class":56},[50,57616,61],{"class":60},[50,57618,65],{"class":64},[50,57620,309],{"class":111},[50,57622,78],{"class":64},[50,57624,314],{"class":111},[50,57626,78],{"class":64},[50,57628,319],{"class":111},[50,57630,98],{"class":64},[50,57632,57633,57635,57637,57639],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57634,381],{"class":56},[50,57636,838],{"class":64},[50,57638,13614],{"class":158},[50,57640,9354],{"class":64},[20,57642,57643],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57645,39938],{},[41,57647,57649],{"className":43,"code":57648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57650,57651,57671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57652,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57654,302],{"class":56},[50,57656,61],{"class":60},[50,57658,65],{"class":64},[50,57660,309],{"class":111},[50,57662,78],{"class":64},[50,57664,314],{"class":111},[50,57666,78],{"class":64},[50,57668,319],{"class":111},[50,57670,98],{"class":64},[50,57672,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57674,56834],{"class":56},[50,57676,61],{"class":60},[50,57678,4982],{"class":56},[50,57680,838],{"class":64},[50,57682,13614],{"class":158},[50,57684,9354],{"class":64},[1112,57686,57688],{"id":57687},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[41,57690,57692],{"className":43,"code":57691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57693,57694,57712,57726,57730,57748,57752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57695,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57697,1942],{"class":56},[50,57699,61],{"class":60},[50,57701,56972],{"class":64},[50,57703,309],{"class":111},[50,57705,2191],{"class":64},[50,57707,65],{"class":64},[50,57709,422],{"class":111},[50,57711,53920],{"class":64},[50,57713,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57715,3304],{"class":56},[50,57717,61],{"class":60},[50,57719,1912],{"class":56},[50,57721,838],{"class":64},[50,57723,13614],{"class":158},[50,57725,9354],{"class":64},[50,57727,57728],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,57729,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57731,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,57733,344],{"class":56},[50,57735,4620],{"class":64},[50,57737,2842],{"class":111},[50,57739,14251],{"class":64},[50,57741,14254],{"class":158},[50,57743,155],{"class":64},[50,57745,57025],{"class":111},[50,57747,186],{"class":64},[50,57749,57750],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,57751,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,57753,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,57755,366],{"class":151},[50,57757,155],{"class":64},[50,57759,335],{"class":158},[50,57761,4382],{"class":64},[50,57763,57764],{"class":4385},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57766,57767,57768,57770],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57769,56279],{}," is shallow.",[1112,57772,26307,57774,57776],{"id":57773},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57775,13480],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57778,57779,57781],{},[15,57780,13480],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[41,57783,57785],{"className":43,"code":57784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57786,57787,57799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57788,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57790,8589],{"class":56},[50,57792,61],{"class":60},[50,57794,81],{"class":68},[50,57796,5723],{"class":72},[50,57798,4082],{"class":68},[50,57800,57801],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,57802,57803],{"class":4385},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57805,57806],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[41,57808,57810],{"className":43,"code":57809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57811,57812],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57813,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57815,366],{"class":151},[50,57817,155],{"class":64},[50,57819,3945],{"class":371},[50,57821,155],{"class":64},[50,57823,178],{"class":158},[50,57825,1077],{"class":64},[20,57827,57828,57829,57833],{},"You can also review ",[335,57830,57832],{"href":57831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[36,57835,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,57837,2569,57839,57841],{"id":57838},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57840,56279],{}," change the original list?",[20,57843,57844],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1112,57846,5893,57848,827,57850,2582],{"id":57847},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57849,56279],{},[15,57851,61],{},[20,57853,57854,57856,57857,57859],{},[15,57855,13480],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57858,61],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1112,57861,15605,57863,15608],{"id":57862},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57864,56279],{},[20,57866,57867],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1112,57869,57871],{"id":57870},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57873,42828,57874,57877],{},[15,57875,57876],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1112,57879,15605,57881,57883,57884,2582],{"id":57880},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57882,56279],{}," the same as ",[15,57885,57312],{},[20,57887,57888],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[36,57890,2610],{"id":2609},[233,57892,57893,57898,57902,57907,57913],{},[236,57894,57895],{},[335,57896,15667],{"href":57897},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[236,57899,57900],{},[335,57901,53449],{"href":51656},[236,57903,57904],{},[335,57905,57906],{"href":57831},"Creating a list in Python",[236,57908,57909],{},[335,57910,56198,57911,11442],{"href":57447},[15,57912,53330],{},[236,57914,57915],{},[335,57916,14492],{"href":14491},[2640,57918,57919],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":57921},[57922,57923,57925,57926,57928,57929,57930,57932,57940,57951],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":56389,"depth":101,"text":57924},"What list.copy() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":56660,"depth":101,"text":57927},"Why not use =",{"id":56938,"depth":101,"text":56939},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":57289,"depth":101,"text":57931},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":57933},[57934,57936,57937,57938],{"id":57459,"depth":127,"text":57935},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57604,"depth":127,"text":57605},{"id":57687,"depth":127,"text":57688},{"id":57773,"depth":127,"text":57939},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":57941},[57942,57944,57946,57948,57949],{"id":57838,"depth":127,"text":57943},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57847,"depth":127,"text":57945},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57862,"depth":127,"text":57947},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57870,"depth":127,"text":57871},{"id":57880,"depth":127,"text":57950},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56267,"description":57952},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57959,"title":57960,"body":57961,"description":59703,"extension":2687,"meta":59704,"navigation":130,"path":59705,"seo":59706,"stem":59707,"__hash__":59708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57962,"toc":59662},[57963,57969,57975,57978,57989,57992,57994,58057,58063,58068,58072,58086,58089,58094,58099,58101,58103,58122,58134,58136,58203,58205,58213,58218,58220,58228,58231,58248,58250,58374,58385,58389,58394,58397,58399,58417,58421,58507,58516,58524,58593,58595,58598,58610,58615,58619,58690,58693,58697,58701,58766,58768,58776,58780,58863,58865,58873,58877,58938,58940,58948,58952,59039,59041,59049,59054,59059,59062,59073,59075,59160,59165,59174,59176,59180,59184,59189,59251,59255,59263,59269,59278,59283,59332,59335,59356,59360,59422,59429,59434,59437,59524,59527,59538,59541,59561,59563,59569,59572,59576,59580,59586,59589,59595,59602,59610,59621,59623,59659],[10,57964,55020,57966,12024],{"id":57965},"python-list-count-method",[15,57967,57968],{},"count()",[20,57970,57971,57974],{},[15,57972,57973],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57976,57977],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[233,57979,57980,57983,57986],{},[236,57981,57982],{},"count one specific item",[236,57984,57985],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[236,57987,57988],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57990,57991],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[36,57993,4331],{"id":4330},[41,57995,57997],{"className":43,"code":57996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57998,57999,58027,58045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58000,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58002,302],{"class":56},[50,58004,61],{"class":60},[50,58006,65],{"class":64},[50,58008,309],{"class":111},[50,58010,78],{"class":64},[50,58012,314],{"class":111},[50,58014,78],{"class":64},[50,58016,314],{"class":111},[50,58018,78],{"class":64},[50,58020,319],{"class":111},[50,58022,78],{"class":64},[50,58024,314],{"class":111},[50,58026,98],{"class":64},[50,58028,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58030,2954],{"class":56},[50,58032,61],{"class":60},[50,58034,4982],{"class":56},[50,58036,838],{"class":64},[50,58038,41935],{"class":158},[50,58040,155],{"class":64},[50,58042,422],{"class":111},[50,58044,186],{"class":64},[50,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58048,366],{"class":151},[50,58050,155],{"class":64},[50,58052,2989],{"class":158},[50,58054,4382],{"class":64},[50,58056,51447],{"class":4385},[20,58058,221,58059,58062],{},[15,58060,58061],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[36,58064,228,58066,231],{"id":58065},"what-listcount-does",[15,58067,57973],{},[20,58069,58070,1408],{},[15,58071,57973],{},[233,58073,58074,58077,58080,58083],{},[236,58075,58076],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[236,58078,58079],{},"returns an integer",[236,58081,58082],{},"does not change the original list",[236,58084,58085],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,58087,58088],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,58090,58091,58092,838],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,58093,437],{},[20,58095,58096,58097,838],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,58098,2842],{},[36,58100,256],{"id":255},[20,58102,2882],{},[41,58104,58106],{"className":43,"code":58105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,58107,58108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58109,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58111,9051],{"class":56},[50,58113,838],{"class":64},[50,58115,41935],{"class":158},[50,58117,155],{"class":64},[50,58119,3197],{"class":158},[50,58121,186],{"class":64},[233,58123,58124,58129],{},[236,58125,58126,58128],{},[15,58127,9051],{}," is the list you want to search",[236,58130,58131,58133],{},[15,58132,3197],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,58135,2931],{},[41,58137,58139],{"className":43,"code":58138,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,58140,58141,58181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58142,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58144,326],{"class":56},[50,58146,61],{"class":60},[50,58148,65],{"class":64},[50,58150,69],{"class":68},[50,58152,335],{"class":72},[50,58154,69],{"class":68},[50,58156,78],{"class":64},[50,58158,81],{"class":68},[50,58160,344],{"class":72},[50,58162,69],{"class":68},[50,58164,78],{"class":64},[50,58166,81],{"class":68},[50,58168,335],{"class":72},[50,58170,69],{"class":68},[50,58172,78],{"class":64},[50,58174,81],{"class":68},[50,58176,353],{"class":72},[50,58178,69],{"class":68},[50,58180,98],{"class":64},[50,58182,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58184,366],{"class":151},[50,58186,155],{"class":64},[50,58188,36820],{"class":158},[50,58190,838],{"class":64},[50,58192,41935],{"class":158},[50,58194,155],{"class":64},[50,58196,69],{"class":68},[50,58198,335],{"class":72},[50,58200,69],{"class":68},[50,58202,1077],{"class":64},[20,58204,189],{},[41,58206,58207],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58208,58209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58210,58211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58212,17756],{"class":111},[20,58214,58215,58216,838],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58217,2842],{},[36,58219,38698],{"id":38697},[20,58221,58222,58223,58225,58226,838],{},"The return value from ",[15,58224,57968],{}," is always an ",[15,58227,2911],{},[20,58229,58230],{},"Possible results:",[233,58232,58233,58238,58243],{},[236,58234,58235,58237],{},[15,58236,2842],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[236,58239,58240,58242],{},[15,58241,309],{}," if it appears once",[236,58244,58245,58247],{},[15,58246,422],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58249,2931],{},[41,58251,58253],{"className":43,"code":58252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58254,58255,58295,58299,58324,58349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58258,13779],{"class":56},[50,58260,61],{"class":60},[50,58262,65],{"class":64},[50,58264,69],{"class":68},[50,58266,13796],{"class":72},[50,58268,69],{"class":68},[50,58270,78],{"class":64},[50,58272,81],{"class":68},[50,58274,13813],{"class":72},[50,58276,69],{"class":68},[50,58278,78],{"class":64},[50,58280,81],{"class":68},[50,58282,18154],{"class":72},[50,58284,69],{"class":68},[50,58286,78],{"class":64},[50,58288,81],{"class":68},[50,58290,13813],{"class":72},[50,58292,69],{"class":68},[50,58294,98],{"class":64},[50,58296,58297],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58298,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,58300,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58302,366],{"class":151},[50,58304,155],{"class":64},[50,58306,18201],{"class":158},[50,58308,838],{"class":64},[50,58310,41935],{"class":158},[50,58312,155],{"class":64},[50,58314,69],{"class":68},[50,58316,13813],{"class":72},[50,58318,69],{"class":68},[50,58320,6075],{"class":64},[50,58322,58323],{"class":4385},"   # 2\n",[50,58325,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,58327,366],{"class":151},[50,58329,155],{"class":64},[50,58331,18201],{"class":158},[50,58333,838],{"class":64},[50,58335,41935],{"class":158},[50,58337,155],{"class":64},[50,58339,69],{"class":68},[50,58341,13796],{"class":72},[50,58343,69],{"class":68},[50,58345,6075],{"class":64},[50,58347,58348],{"class":4385},"    # 1\n",[50,58350,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,58352,366],{"class":151},[50,58354,155],{"class":64},[50,58356,18201],{"class":158},[50,58358,838],{"class":64},[50,58360,41935],{"class":158},[50,58362,155],{"class":64},[50,58364,69],{"class":68},[50,58366,23218],{"class":72},[50,58368,69],{"class":68},[50,58370,6075],{"class":64},[50,58372,58373],{"class":4385}," # 0\n",[20,58375,58376,58377,58379,58380,58382,58383,838],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58378,57968],{}," works, but using ",[15,58381,148],{}," is often simpler. See ",[335,58384,6911],{"href":6910},[36,58386,58388],{"id":58387},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58390,58391,58393],{},[15,58392,57973],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58395,58396],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58398,44327],{},[233,58400,58401,58404,58407,58414],{},[236,58402,58403],{},"matches are based on equality",[236,58405,58406],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[236,58408,58409,827,58411,58413],{},[15,58410,309],{},[15,58412,4326],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[236,58415,58416],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1112,58418,58420],{"id":58419},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[41,58422,58424],{"className":43,"code":58423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58425,58426,58459,58483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58427,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58429,4788],{"class":56},[50,58431,61],{"class":60},[50,58433,65],{"class":64},[50,58435,69],{"class":68},[50,58437,4797],{"class":72},[50,58439,69],{"class":68},[50,58441,78],{"class":64},[50,58443,81],{"class":68},[50,58445,58446],{"class":72},"Apple",[50,58448,69],{"class":68},[50,58450,78],{"class":64},[50,58452,81],{"class":68},[50,58454,4797],{"class":72},[50,58456,69],{"class":68},[50,58458,98],{"class":64},[50,58460,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58462,366],{"class":151},[50,58464,155],{"class":64},[50,58466,4832],{"class":158},[50,58468,838],{"class":64},[50,58470,41935],{"class":158},[50,58472,155],{"class":64},[50,58474,69],{"class":68},[50,58476,4797],{"class":72},[50,58478,69],{"class":68},[50,58480,6075],{"class":64},[50,58482,52092],{"class":4385},[50,58484,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58486,366],{"class":151},[50,58488,155],{"class":64},[50,58490,4832],{"class":158},[50,58492,838],{"class":64},[50,58494,41935],{"class":158},[50,58496,155],{"class":64},[50,58498,69],{"class":68},[50,58500,58446],{"class":72},[50,58502,69],{"class":68},[50,58504,6075],{"class":64},[50,58506,28470],{"class":4385},[20,58508,58509,827,58512,58515],{},[15,58510,58511],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58513,58514],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1112,58517,58519,827,58521,58523],{"id":58518},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58520,309],{},[15,58522,4326],{}," can match",[41,58525,58527],{"className":43,"code":58526,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58528,58529,58553,58573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58530,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58532,1321],{"class":56},[50,58534,61],{"class":60},[50,58536,65],{"class":64},[50,58538,309],{"class":111},[50,58540,78],{"class":64},[50,58542,1807],{"class":1806},[50,58544,78],{"class":64},[50,58546,314],{"class":111},[50,58548,78],{"class":64},[50,58550,6212],{"class":111},[50,58552,98],{"class":64},[50,58554,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58556,366],{"class":151},[50,58558,155],{"class":64},[50,58560,6072],{"class":158},[50,58562,838],{"class":64},[50,58564,41935],{"class":158},[50,58566,155],{"class":64},[50,58568,309],{"class":111},[50,58570,6075],{"class":64},[50,58572,51595],{"class":4385},[50,58574,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58576,366],{"class":151},[50,58578,155],{"class":64},[50,58580,6072],{"class":158},[50,58582,838],{"class":64},[50,58584,41935],{"class":158},[50,58586,155],{"class":64},[50,58588,4326],{"class":1806},[50,58590,6075],{"class":64},[50,58592,51447],{"class":4385},[20,58594,5129],{},[20,58596,58597],{},"In Python:",[233,58599,58600,58605],{},[236,58601,58602],{},[15,58603,58604],{},"True == 1",[236,58606,58607],{},[15,58608,58609],{},"False == 0",[20,58611,54331,58612,58614],{},[15,58613,57968],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1112,58616,58618],{"id":58617},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[41,58620,58622],{"className":43,"code":58621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58623,58624,58666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58625,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58627,8493],{"class":56},[50,58629,61],{"class":60},[50,58631,56972],{"class":64},[50,58633,309],{"class":111},[50,58635,78],{"class":64},[50,58637,314],{"class":111},[50,58639,2191],{"class":64},[50,58641,65],{"class":64},[50,58643,437],{"class":111},[50,58645,78],{"class":64},[50,58647,3181],{"class":111},[50,58649,2191],{"class":64},[50,58651,65],{"class":64},[50,58653,309],{"class":111},[50,58655,78],{"class":64},[50,58657,314],{"class":111},[50,58659,2191],{"class":64},[50,58661,65],{"class":64},[50,58663,309],{"class":111},[50,58665,53920],{"class":64},[50,58667,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58669,366],{"class":151},[50,58671,155],{"class":64},[50,58673,8522],{"class":158},[50,58675,838],{"class":64},[50,58677,41935],{"class":158},[50,58679,2182],{"class":64},[50,58681,309],{"class":111},[50,58683,78],{"class":64},[50,58685,314],{"class":111},[50,58687,5455],{"class":64},[50,58689,52092],{"class":4385},[20,58691,58692],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[36,58694,58696],{"id":58695},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1112,58698,58700],{"id":58699},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[41,58702,58704],{"className":43,"code":58703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58705,58706,58734,58752,58756],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58707,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58709,302],{"class":56},[50,58711,61],{"class":60},[50,58713,65],{"class":64},[50,58715,1868],{"class":111},[50,58717,78],{"class":64},[50,58719,1873],{"class":111},[50,58721,78],{"class":64},[50,58723,6717],{"class":111},[50,58725,78],{"class":64},[50,58727,1878],{"class":111},[50,58729,78],{"class":64},[50,58731,6717],{"class":111},[50,58733,98],{"class":64},[50,58735,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58737,2954],{"class":56},[50,58739,61],{"class":60},[50,58741,4982],{"class":56},[50,58743,838],{"class":64},[50,58745,41935],{"class":158},[50,58747,155],{"class":64},[50,58749,1868],{"class":111},[50,58751,186],{"class":64},[50,58753,58754],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58755,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,58757,58758,58760,58762,58764],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,58759,366],{"class":151},[50,58761,155],{"class":64},[50,58763,2989],{"class":158},[50,58765,186],{"class":64},[20,58767,189],{},[41,58769,58770],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58771,58772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58773,58774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58775,47292],{"class":111},[1112,58777,58779],{"id":58778},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[41,58781,58783],{"className":43,"code":58782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58784,58785,58827,58849,58853],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58786,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58823,58825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58788,4788],{"class":56},[50,58790,61],{"class":60},[50,58792,65],{"class":64},[50,58794,69],{"class":68},[50,58796,37724],{"class":72},[50,58798,69],{"class":68},[50,58800,78],{"class":64},[50,58802,81],{"class":68},[50,58804,58805],{"class":72},"dog",[50,58807,69],{"class":68},[50,58809,78],{"class":64},[50,58811,81],{"class":68},[50,58813,37724],{"class":72},[50,58815,69],{"class":68},[50,58817,78],{"class":64},[50,58819,81],{"class":68},[50,58821,58822],{"class":72},"bird",[50,58824,69],{"class":68},[50,58826,98],{"class":64},[50,58828,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58830,2954],{"class":56},[50,58832,61],{"class":60},[50,58834,6881],{"class":56},[50,58836,838],{"class":64},[50,58838,41935],{"class":158},[50,58840,155],{"class":64},[50,58842,69],{"class":68},[50,58844,37724],{"class":72},[50,58846,69],{"class":68},[50,58848,186],{"class":64},[50,58850,58851],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58852,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,58854,58855,58857,58859,58861],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,58856,366],{"class":151},[50,58858,155],{"class":64},[50,58860,2989],{"class":158},[50,58862,186],{"class":64},[20,58864,189],{},[41,58866,58867],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58868,58869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58870,58871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58872,17756],{"class":111},[1112,58874,58876],{"id":58875},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[41,58878,58880],{"className":43,"code":58879,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58881,58882,58906,58924,58928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58883,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58885,302],{"class":56},[50,58887,61],{"class":60},[50,58889,65],{"class":64},[50,58891,309],{"class":111},[50,58893,78],{"class":64},[50,58895,314],{"class":111},[50,58897,78],{"class":64},[50,58899,319],{"class":111},[50,58901,78],{"class":64},[50,58903,3181],{"class":111},[50,58905,98],{"class":64},[50,58907,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,58909,2954],{"class":56},[50,58911,61],{"class":60},[50,58913,4982],{"class":56},[50,58915,838],{"class":64},[50,58917,41935],{"class":158},[50,58919,155],{"class":64},[50,58921,2859],{"class":111},[50,58923,186],{"class":64},[50,58925,58926],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,58927,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,58929,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,58931,366],{"class":151},[50,58933,155],{"class":64},[50,58935,2989],{"class":158},[50,58937,186],{"class":64},[20,58939,189],{},[41,58941,58942],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58943,58944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58945,58946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58947,47927],{"class":111},[1112,58949,58951],{"id":58950},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[41,58953,58955],{"className":43,"code":58954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58956,58957,59003,59025,59029],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58958,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58960,1818],{"class":56},[50,58962,61],{"class":60},[50,58964,56972],{"class":64},[50,58966,309],{"class":111},[50,58968,78],{"class":64},[50,58970,314],{"class":111},[50,58972,2191],{"class":64},[50,58974,65],{"class":64},[50,58976,309],{"class":111},[50,58978,78],{"class":64},[50,58980,314],{"class":111},[50,58982,2191],{"class":64},[50,58984,65],{"class":64},[50,58986,422],{"class":111},[50,58988,78],{"class":64},[50,58990,319],{"class":111},[50,58992,2191],{"class":64},[50,58994,65],{"class":64},[50,58996,309],{"class":111},[50,58998,78],{"class":64},[50,59000,314],{"class":111},[50,59002,53920],{"class":64},[50,59004,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59006,2954],{"class":56},[50,59008,61],{"class":60},[50,59010,15268],{"class":56},[50,59012,838],{"class":64},[50,59014,41935],{"class":158},[50,59016,2182],{"class":64},[50,59018,309],{"class":111},[50,59020,78],{"class":64},[50,59022,314],{"class":111},[50,59024,2210],{"class":64},[50,59026,59027],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,59028,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,59030,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,59032,366],{"class":151},[50,59034,155],{"class":64},[50,59036,2989],{"class":158},[50,59038,186],{"class":64},[20,59040,189],{},[41,59042,59043],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,59044,59045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59046,59047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59048,47292],{"class":111},[36,59050,5681,59052],{"id":59051},"when-to-use-count",[15,59053,57968],{},[20,59055,221,59056,59058],{},[15,59057,57968],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,59060,59061],{},"Good use cases:",[233,59063,59064,59067,59070],{},[236,59065,59066],{},"counting one specific item",[236,59068,59069],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[236,59071,59072],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,59074,2931],{},[41,59076,59078],{"className":43,"code":59077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,59079,59080,59121,59145,59149],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59081,59082,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59083,59084],{"class":56},"votes ",[50,59086,61],{"class":60},[50,59088,65],{"class":64},[50,59090,69],{"class":68},[50,59092,9369],{"class":72},[50,59094,69],{"class":68},[50,59096,78],{"class":64},[50,59098,81],{"class":68},[50,59100,9308],{"class":72},[50,59102,69],{"class":68},[50,59104,78],{"class":64},[50,59106,81],{"class":68},[50,59108,9369],{"class":72},[50,59110,69],{"class":68},[50,59112,78],{"class":64},[50,59114,81],{"class":68},[50,59116,9369],{"class":72},[50,59118,69],{"class":68},[50,59120,98],{"class":64},[50,59122,59123,59126,59128,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59124,59125],{"class":56},"yes_votes ",[50,59127,61],{"class":60},[50,59129,59130],{"class":56}," votes",[50,59132,838],{"class":64},[50,59134,41935],{"class":158},[50,59136,155],{"class":64},[50,59138,69],{"class":68},[50,59140,9369],{"class":72},[50,59142,69],{"class":68},[50,59144,186],{"class":64},[50,59146,59147],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,59148,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,59150,59151,59153,59155,59158],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,59152,366],{"class":151},[50,59154,155],{"class":64},[50,59156,59157],{"class":158},"yes_votes",[50,59159,186],{"class":64},[20,59161,59162,59164],{},[15,59163,57968],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,59166,59167,59168,827,59170,838],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[335,59169,53449],{"href":51656},[335,59171,59173],{"href":59172},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[36,59175,3553],{"id":3552},[20,59177,9158,59178,838],{},[15,59179,57973],{},[1112,59181,59183],{"id":59182},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59185,59186,59188],{},[15,59187,57973],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[41,59190,59192],{"className":43,"code":59191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59193,59194,59227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59195,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59197,4788],{"class":56},[50,59199,61],{"class":60},[50,59201,65],{"class":64},[50,59203,69],{"class":68},[50,59205,59206],{"class":72},"apple pie",[50,59208,69],{"class":68},[50,59210,78],{"class":64},[50,59212,81],{"class":68},[50,59214,4806],{"class":72},[50,59216,69],{"class":68},[50,59218,78],{"class":64},[50,59220,81],{"class":68},[50,59222,59206],{"class":72},[50,59224,69],{"class":68},[50,59226,98],{"class":64},[50,59228,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59230,366],{"class":151},[50,59232,155],{"class":64},[50,59234,4832],{"class":158},[50,59236,838],{"class":64},[50,59238,41935],{"class":158},[50,59240,155],{"class":64},[50,59242,69],{"class":68},[50,59244,4797],{"class":72},[50,59246,69],{"class":68},[50,59248,6075],{"class":64},[50,59250,51924],{"class":4385},[20,59252,3213,59253,2582],{},[15,59254,2842],{},[20,59256,1107,59257,59259,59260,838],{},[15,59258,58511],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59261,59262],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59264,59265,59266,838],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59267,59268],{},"str.count()",[1112,59270,2120,59272,9166,59274,3602,59276],{"id":59271},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59273,57968],{},[15,59275,4326],{},[15,59277,4396],{},[20,59279,59280,59282],{},[15,59281,57968],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[41,59284,59286],{"className":43,"code":59285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59287,59288,59312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59291,302],{"class":56},[50,59293,61],{"class":60},[50,59295,65],{"class":64},[50,59297,309],{"class":111},[50,59299,78],{"class":64},[50,59301,314],{"class":111},[50,59303,78],{"class":64},[50,59305,314],{"class":111},[50,59307,78],{"class":64},[50,59309,319],{"class":111},[50,59311,98],{"class":64},[50,59313,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59315,366],{"class":151},[50,59317,155],{"class":64},[50,59319,381],{"class":158},[50,59321,838],{"class":64},[50,59323,41935],{"class":158},[50,59325,155],{"class":64},[50,59327,422],{"class":111},[50,59329,6075],{"class":64},[50,59331,52092],{"class":4385},[20,59333,59334],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[41,59336,59338],{"className":43,"code":59337,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59339,59340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59343,366],{"class":151},[50,59345,155],{"class":64},[50,59347,422],{"class":111},[50,59349,21872],{"class":137},[50,59351,4982],{"class":158},[50,59353,4382],{"class":64},[50,59355,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,59357,59359],{"id":59358},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[41,59361,59363],{"className":43,"code":59362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59364,59365,59398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59394,59396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59368,57],{"class":56},[50,59370,61],{"class":60},[50,59372,65],{"class":64},[50,59374,69],{"class":68},[50,59376,8390],{"class":72},[50,59378,69],{"class":68},[50,59380,78],{"class":64},[50,59382,81],{"class":68},[50,59384,20916],{"class":72},[50,59386,69],{"class":68},[50,59388,78],{"class":64},[50,59390,81],{"class":68},[50,59392,59393],{"class":72},"SAM",[50,59395,69],{"class":68},[50,59397,98],{"class":64},[50,59399,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59401,366],{"class":151},[50,59403,155],{"class":64},[50,59405,159],{"class":158},[50,59407,838],{"class":64},[50,59409,41935],{"class":158},[50,59411,155],{"class":64},[50,59413,69],{"class":68},[50,59415,20916],{"class":72},[50,59417,69],{"class":68},[50,59419,6075],{"class":64},[50,59421,28470],{"class":4385},[20,59423,59424,59425,59428],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59426,59427],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1112,59430,30339,59432,34233],{"id":59431},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59433,57968],{},[20,59435,59436],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[41,59438,59440],{"className":43,"code":59439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59441,59442,59452,59466,59484,59498,59510],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59445,366],{"class":151},[50,59447,155],{"class":64},[50,59449,9051],{"class":158},[50,59451,186],{"class":64},[50,59453,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59455,366],{"class":151},[50,59457,155],{"class":64},[50,59459,3945],{"class":371},[50,59461,155],{"class":64},[50,59463,9051],{"class":158},[50,59465,1077],{"class":64},[50,59467,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,59469,366],{"class":151},[50,59471,155],{"class":64},[50,59473,9051],{"class":158},[50,59475,838],{"class":64},[50,59477,41935],{"class":158},[50,59479,155],{"class":64},[50,59481,3197],{"class":158},[50,59483,1077],{"class":64},[50,59485,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,59487,366],{"class":151},[50,59489,155],{"class":64},[50,59491,3171],{"class":158},[50,59493,148],{"class":137},[50,59495,9107],{"class":158},[50,59497,186],{"class":64},[50,59499,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,59501,33],{"class":137},[50,59503,2221],{"class":56},[50,59505,148],{"class":137},[50,59507,9107],{"class":56},[50,59509,2229],{"class":64},[50,59511,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,59513,173],{"class":151},[50,59515,155],{"class":64},[50,59517,42455],{"class":151},[50,59519,155],{"class":64},[50,59521,2238],{"class":158},[50,59523,1077],{"class":64},[20,59525,59526],{},"These checks can help you see:",[233,59528,59529,59532,59535],{},[236,59530,59531],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[236,59533,59534],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[236,59536,59537],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59539,59540],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[233,59542,59543,59548,59551,59558],{},[236,59544,51168,59545,59547],{},[15,59546,57968],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[236,59549,59550],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[236,59552,11809,59553,59555,59556],{},[15,59554,57973],{}," with string ",[15,59557,57968],{},[236,59559,59560],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[36,59562,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,59564,2569,59566,59568],{"id":59565},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59567,57973],{}," change the list?",[20,59570,59571],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1112,59573,59575],{"id":59574},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59577,12615,59578,838],{},[15,59579,2842],{},[1112,59581,5883,59583,59585],{"id":59582},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59584,57973],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59587,59588],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1112,59590,15605,59592,59594],{"id":59591},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59593,57973],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59596,42828,59597,827,59599,59601],{},[15,59598,58514],{},[15,59600,58511],{}," are different values.",[1112,59603,5871,59605,59607,59608,2582],{"id":59604},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59606,4326],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59609,309],{},[20,59611,9497,59612,59614,59615,827,59617,59614,59619,838],{},[15,59613,4326],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59616,309],{},[15,59618,4396],{},[15,59620,2842],{},[36,59622,2610],{"id":2609},[233,59624,59625,59629,59635,59639,59647,59654],{},[236,59626,59627],{},[335,59628,53449],{"href":51656},[236,59630,59631],{},[335,59632,59634],{"href":59633},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[236,59636,59637],{},[335,59638,7649],{"href":6910},[236,59640,59641],{},[335,59642,56198,59644,11442],{"href":59643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59645,59646],{},"index()",[236,59648,59649],{},[335,59650,13,59652],{"href":59651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59653,43037],{},[236,59655,59656],{},[335,59657,59658],{"href":59172},"What is a list in Python",[2640,59660,59661],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":59663},[59664,59665,59667,59668,59669,59675,59681,59683,59691,59702],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":58065,"depth":101,"text":59666},"What list.count() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698},{"id":58387,"depth":101,"text":58388,"children":59670},[59671,59672,59674],{"id":58419,"depth":127,"text":58420},{"id":58518,"depth":127,"text":59673},"1 and True can match",{"id":58617,"depth":127,"text":58618},{"id":58695,"depth":101,"text":58696,"children":59676},[59677,59678,59679,59680],{"id":58699,"depth":127,"text":58700},{"id":58778,"depth":127,"text":58779},{"id":58875,"depth":127,"text":58876},{"id":58950,"depth":127,"text":58951},{"id":59051,"depth":101,"text":59682},"When to use count()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":59684},[59685,59686,59688,59689],{"id":59182,"depth":127,"text":59183},{"id":59271,"depth":127,"text":59687},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59358,"depth":127,"text":59359},{"id":59431,"depth":127,"text":59690},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":59692},[59693,59695,59696,59698,59700],{"id":59565,"depth":127,"text":59694},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59574,"depth":127,"text":59575},{"id":59582,"depth":127,"text":59697},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59591,"depth":127,"text":59699},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59604,"depth":127,"text":59701},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57960,"description":59703},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59710,"title":59711,"body":59712,"description":61675,"extension":2687,"meta":61676,"navigation":130,"path":61677,"seo":61678,"stem":61679,"__hash__":61680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59713,"toc":61638},[59714,59717,59720,59722,59850,59854,59935,59946,59948,59967,59971,59974,59977,59995,59997,60040,60044,60069,60078,60082,60087,60090,60207,60211,60280,60284,60296,60300,60303,60344,60348,60361,60364,60449,60453,60486,60493,60499,60504,60506,60518,60522,60555,60559,60591,60595,60632,60636,60656,60660,60694,60698,60727,60738,60742,60745,60748,60761,60818,60822,60861,60867,60870,60872,60875,60879,60882,60907,60909,60934,60941,60944,60989,60993,61012,61015,61054,61061,61066,61100,61104,61205,61212,61245,61249,61275,61279,61282,61320,61323,61360,61364,61367,61386,61390,61451,61453,61471,61475,61478,61481,61510,61512,61516,61519,61527,61531,61534,61554,61560,61566,61570,61573,61580,61588,61590,61629,61635],[10,59715,59711],{"id":59716},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59718,59719],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[36,59721,4331],{"id":4330},[41,59723,59725],{"className":43,"code":59724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59726,59727,59747,59779,59787,59805,59809,59819,59829,59840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59728,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59730,302],{"class":56},[50,59732,61],{"class":60},[50,59734,65],{"class":64},[50,59736,309],{"class":111},[50,59738,78],{"class":64},[50,59740,314],{"class":111},[50,59742,78],{"class":64},[50,59744,319],{"class":111},[50,59746,98],{"class":64},[50,59748,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59750,57],{"class":56},[50,59752,61],{"class":60},[50,59754,65],{"class":64},[50,59756,69],{"class":68},[50,59758,73],{"class":72},[50,59760,69],{"class":68},[50,59762,78],{"class":64},[50,59764,81],{"class":68},[50,59766,84],{"class":72},[50,59768,69],{"class":68},[50,59770,78],{"class":64},[50,59772,81],{"class":68},[50,59774,93],{"class":72},[50,59776,69],{"class":68},[50,59778,98],{"class":64},[50,59780,59781,59783,59785],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,59782,56609],{"class":56},[50,59784,61],{"class":60},[50,59786,8551],{"class":64},[50,59788,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,59790,326],{"class":56},[50,59792,61],{"class":60},[50,59794,1191],{"class":371},[50,59796,155],{"class":64},[50,59798,69],{"class":68},[50,59800,42236],{"class":72},[50,59802,69],{"class":68},[50,59804,186],{"class":64},[50,59806,59807],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,59808,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,59810,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,59812,366],{"class":151},[50,59814,155],{"class":64},[50,59816,381],{"class":158},[50,59818,186],{"class":64},[50,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,59822,366],{"class":151},[50,59824,155],{"class":64},[50,59826,159],{"class":158},[50,59828,186],{"class":64},[50,59830,59831,59833,59835,59838],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,59832,366],{"class":151},[50,59834,155],{"class":64},[50,59836,59837],{"class":158},"empty_list",[50,59839,186],{"class":64},[50,59841,59842,59844,59846,59848],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,59843,366],{"class":151},[50,59845,155],{"class":64},[50,59847,36820],{"class":158},[50,59849,186],{"class":64},[20,59851,59852],{},[4465,59853,189],{},[41,59855,59857],{"className":43,"code":59856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59858,59859,59875,59903,59907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59860,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59862,4620],{"class":64},[50,59864,309],{"class":111},[50,59866,78],{"class":64},[50,59868,314],{"class":111},[50,59870,78],{"class":64},[50,59872,319],{"class":111},[50,59874,98],{"class":64},[50,59876,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,59878,4620],{"class":64},[50,59880,413],{"class":68},[50,59882,73],{"class":72},[50,59884,413],{"class":68},[50,59886,78],{"class":64},[50,59888,408],{"class":68},[50,59890,84],{"class":72},[50,59892,413],{"class":68},[50,59894,78],{"class":64},[50,59896,408],{"class":68},[50,59898,93],{"class":72},[50,59900,413],{"class":68},[50,59902,98],{"class":64},[50,59904,59905],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,59906,1602],{"class":64},[50,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,59910,4620],{"class":64},[50,59912,413],{"class":68},[50,59914,335],{"class":72},[50,59916,413],{"class":68},[50,59918,78],{"class":64},[50,59920,408],{"class":68},[50,59922,344],{"class":72},[50,59924,413],{"class":68},[50,59926,78],{"class":64},[50,59928,408],{"class":68},[50,59930,353],{"class":72},[50,59932,413],{"class":68},[50,59934,98],{"class":64},[20,59936,59937,59938,59940,59941,59943,59944,838],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59939,4510],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59942,25474],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59945,36875],{},[36,59947,15865],{"id":15864},[233,59949,59950,59953,59956,59959,59964],{},[236,59951,59952],{},"What a list is in Python",[236,59954,59955],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[236,59957,59958],{},"How to create an empty list",[236,59960,59961,59962,3027],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59963,25474],{},[236,59965,59966],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[36,59968,59970],{"id":59969},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59972,59973],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59975,59976],{},"This means:",[233,59978,59979,59982,59985,59988],{},[236,59980,59981],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[236,59983,59984],{},"The order of items is kept",[236,59986,59987],{},"A list can hold different data types",[236,59989,59990,59991,59994],{},"A list is ",[4465,59992,59993],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59996,2931],{},[41,59998,60000],{"className":43,"code":59999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,60001,60002,60026,60030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60003,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60005,8493],{"class":56},[50,60007,61],{"class":60},[50,60009,65],{"class":64},[50,60011,69],{"class":68},[50,60013,4797],{"class":72},[50,60015,69],{"class":68},[50,60017,78],{"class":64},[50,60019,6717],{"class":111},[50,60021,78],{"class":64},[50,60023,1807],{"class":1806},[50,60025,98],{"class":64},[50,60027,60028],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60029,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60033,366],{"class":151},[50,60035,155],{"class":64},[50,60037,8522],{"class":158},[50,60039,186],{"class":64},[20,60041,60042],{},[4465,60043,189],{},[41,60045,60047],{"className":43,"code":60046,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,60048,60049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60050,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60052,4620],{"class":64},[50,60054,413],{"class":68},[50,60056,4797],{"class":72},[50,60058,413],{"class":68},[50,60060,78],{"class":64},[50,60062,6717],{"class":111},[50,60064,78],{"class":64},[50,60066,1807],{"class":1806},[50,60068,98],{"class":64},[20,60070,60071,60072,3602,60075,838],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[335,60073,60074],{"href":51656},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[335,60076,60077],{"href":59172},"What is a List in Python?",[36,60079,60081],{"id":60080},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,60083,59937,60084,60086],{},[15,60085,4510],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,60088,60089],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[41,60091,60093],{"className":43,"code":60092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,60094,60095,60115,60147,60172,60176,60186,60196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60096,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60098,302],{"class":56},[50,60100,61],{"class":60},[50,60102,65],{"class":64},[50,60104,309],{"class":111},[50,60106,78],{"class":64},[50,60108,314],{"class":111},[50,60110,78],{"class":64},[50,60112,319],{"class":111},[50,60114,98],{"class":64},[50,60116,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60118,57],{"class":56},[50,60120,61],{"class":60},[50,60122,65],{"class":64},[50,60124,69],{"class":68},[50,60126,73],{"class":72},[50,60128,69],{"class":68},[50,60130,78],{"class":64},[50,60132,81],{"class":68},[50,60134,84],{"class":72},[50,60136,69],{"class":68},[50,60138,78],{"class":64},[50,60140,81],{"class":68},[50,60142,93],{"class":72},[50,60144,69],{"class":68},[50,60146,98],{"class":64},[50,60148,60149,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60150,60151],{"class":56},"mixed ",[50,60153,61],{"class":60},[50,60155,65],{"class":64},[50,60157,1868],{"class":111},[50,60159,78],{"class":64},[50,60161,81],{"class":68},[50,60163,4568],{"class":72},[50,60165,69],{"class":68},[50,60167,78],{"class":64},[50,60169,4627],{"class":1806},[50,60171,98],{"class":64},[50,60173,60174],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,60175,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60177,60178,60180,60182,60184],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,60179,366],{"class":151},[50,60181,155],{"class":64},[50,60183,381],{"class":158},[50,60185,186],{"class":64},[50,60187,60188,60190,60192,60194],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,60189,366],{"class":151},[50,60191,155],{"class":64},[50,60193,159],{"class":158},[50,60195,186],{"class":64},[50,60197,60198,60200,60202,60205],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,60199,366],{"class":151},[50,60201,155],{"class":64},[50,60203,60204],{"class":158},"mixed",[50,60206,186],{"class":64},[20,60208,60209],{},[4465,60210,189],{},[41,60212,60214],{"className":43,"code":60213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60215,60216,60232,60260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60217,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60219,4620],{"class":64},[50,60221,309],{"class":111},[50,60223,78],{"class":64},[50,60225,314],{"class":111},[50,60227,78],{"class":64},[50,60229,319],{"class":111},[50,60231,98],{"class":64},[50,60233,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60235,4620],{"class":64},[50,60237,413],{"class":68},[50,60239,73],{"class":72},[50,60241,413],{"class":68},[50,60243,78],{"class":64},[50,60245,408],{"class":68},[50,60247,84],{"class":72},[50,60249,413],{"class":68},[50,60251,78],{"class":64},[50,60253,408],{"class":68},[50,60255,93],{"class":72},[50,60257,413],{"class":68},[50,60259,98],{"class":64},[50,60261,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60263,4620],{"class":64},[50,60265,1868],{"class":111},[50,60267,78],{"class":64},[50,60269,408],{"class":68},[50,60271,4568],{"class":72},[50,60273,413],{"class":68},[50,60275,78],{"class":64},[50,60277,4627],{"class":1806},[50,60279,98],{"class":64},[1112,60281,60283],{"id":60282},"key-points","Key points",[233,60285,60286,60291,60293],{},[236,60287,221,60288,60290],{},[15,60289,4510],{}," to make a new list",[236,60292,16135],{},[236,60294,60295],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[36,60297,60299],{"id":60298},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60301,60302],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[41,60304,60306],{"className":43,"code":60305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60307,60308,60316,60320,60330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60309,60310,60312,60314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60311,9020],{"class":56},[50,60313,61],{"class":60},[50,60315,8551],{"class":64},[50,60317,60318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60319,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60321,60322,60324,60326,60328],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60323,366],{"class":151},[50,60325,155],{"class":64},[50,60327,9051],{"class":158},[50,60329,186],{"class":64},[50,60331,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,60333,366],{"class":151},[50,60335,155],{"class":64},[50,60337,1060],{"class":151},[50,60339,155],{"class":64},[50,60341,9051],{"class":158},[50,60343,1077],{"class":64},[20,60345,60346],{},[4465,60347,189],{},[41,60349,60351],{"className":43,"code":60350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[]\n0\n",[15,60352,60353,60357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60354,60355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60356,1602],{"class":64},[50,60358,60359],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60360,47927],{"class":111},[20,60362,60363],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[41,60365,60367],{"className":43,"code":60366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60368,60369,60377,60381,60399,60417,60435,60439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60370,60371,60373,60375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60372,57],{"class":56},[50,60374,61],{"class":60},[50,60376,8551],{"class":64},[50,60378,60379],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60380,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60382,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60384,159],{"class":56},[50,60386,838],{"class":64},[50,60388,14254],{"class":158},[50,60390,155],{"class":64},[50,60392,69],{"class":68},[50,60394,73],{"class":72},[50,60396,69],{"class":68},[50,60398,186],{"class":64},[50,60400,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,60402,159],{"class":56},[50,60404,838],{"class":64},[50,60406,14254],{"class":158},[50,60408,155],{"class":64},[50,60410,69],{"class":68},[50,60412,84],{"class":72},[50,60414,69],{"class":68},[50,60416,186],{"class":64},[50,60418,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,60420,159],{"class":56},[50,60422,838],{"class":64},[50,60424,14254],{"class":158},[50,60426,155],{"class":64},[50,60428,69],{"class":68},[50,60430,93],{"class":72},[50,60432,69],{"class":68},[50,60434,186],{"class":64},[50,60436,60437],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,60438,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60440,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,60442,366],{"class":151},[50,60444,155],{"class":64},[50,60446,159],{"class":158},[50,60448,186],{"class":64},[20,60450,60451],{},[4465,60452,189],{},[41,60454,60456],{"className":43,"code":60455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60457,60458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60459,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60461,4620],{"class":64},[50,60463,413],{"class":68},[50,60465,73],{"class":72},[50,60467,413],{"class":68},[50,60469,78],{"class":64},[50,60471,408],{"class":68},[50,60473,84],{"class":72},[50,60475,413],{"class":68},[50,60477,78],{"class":64},[50,60479,408],{"class":68},[50,60481,93],{"class":72},[50,60483,413],{"class":68},[50,60485,98],{"class":64},[20,60487,60488,60489,838],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[335,60490,60491,11442],{"href":57447},[15,60492,53330],{},[36,60494,60496,60497],{"id":60495},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60498,25474],{},[20,60500,221,60501,60503],{},[15,60502,25474],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60505,6171],{},[233,60507,60508,60510,60512,60514],{},[236,60509,6022],{},[236,60511,6016],{},[236,60513,6019],{},[236,60515,60516],{},[15,60517,36875],{},[1112,60519,60521],{"id":60520},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[41,60523,60525],{"className":43,"code":60524,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60526,60527,60545],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60528,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60530,326],{"class":56},[50,60532,61],{"class":60},[50,60534,1191],{"class":371},[50,60536,155],{"class":64},[50,60538,69],{"class":68},[50,60540,42236],{"class":72},[50,60542,69],{"class":68},[50,60544,186],{"class":64},[50,60546,60547,60549,60551,60553],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60548,366],{"class":151},[50,60550,155],{"class":64},[50,60552,36820],{"class":158},[50,60554,186],{"class":64},[20,60556,60557],{},[4465,60558,189],{},[41,60560,60561],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60562,60563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60564,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60566,4620],{"class":64},[50,60568,413],{"class":68},[50,60570,335],{"class":72},[50,60572,413],{"class":68},[50,60574,78],{"class":64},[50,60576,408],{"class":68},[50,60578,344],{"class":72},[50,60580,413],{"class":68},[50,60582,78],{"class":64},[50,60584,408],{"class":68},[50,60586,353],{"class":72},[50,60588,413],{"class":68},[50,60590,98],{"class":64},[1112,60592,60594],{"id":60593},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[41,60596,60598],{"className":43,"code":60597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60599,60600,60622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60601,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60603,302],{"class":56},[50,60605,61],{"class":60},[50,60607,1191],{"class":371},[50,60609,6225],{"class":64},[50,60611,309],{"class":111},[50,60613,78],{"class":64},[50,60615,314],{"class":111},[50,60617,78],{"class":64},[50,60619,319],{"class":111},[50,60621,1077],{"class":64},[50,60623,60624,60626,60628,60630],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60625,366],{"class":151},[50,60627,155],{"class":64},[50,60629,381],{"class":158},[50,60631,186],{"class":64},[20,60633,60634],{},[4465,60635,189],{},[41,60637,60638],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60639,60640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60641,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60643,4620],{"class":64},[50,60645,309],{"class":111},[50,60647,78],{"class":64},[50,60649,314],{"class":111},[50,60651,78],{"class":64},[50,60653,319],{"class":111},[50,60655,98],{"class":64},[1112,60657,60659],{"id":60658},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[41,60661,60663],{"className":43,"code":60662,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60664,60665,60684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60666,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60678,60680,60682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60668,1321],{"class":56},[50,60670,61],{"class":60},[50,60672,1191],{"class":371},[50,60674,155],{"class":64},[50,60676,60677],{"class":151},"range",[50,60679,155],{"class":64},[50,60681,2859],{"class":111},[50,60683,1077],{"class":64},[50,60685,60686,60688,60690,60692],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60687,366],{"class":151},[50,60689,155],{"class":64},[50,60691,6072],{"class":158},[50,60693,186],{"class":64},[20,60695,60696],{},[4465,60697,189],{},[41,60699,60701],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60702,60703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60704,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60706,4620],{"class":64},[50,60708,2842],{"class":111},[50,60710,78],{"class":64},[50,60712,6212],{"class":111},[50,60714,78],{"class":64},[50,60716,314],{"class":111},[50,60718,78],{"class":64},[50,60720,319],{"class":111},[50,60722,78],{"class":64},[50,60724,3181],{"class":111},[50,60726,98],{"class":64},[20,60728,60729,60731,60732,838],{},[15,60730,25474],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[335,60733,60735,60737],{"href":60734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60736,25474],{},": Function Explained",[36,60739,60741],{"id":60740},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60743,60744],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60746,60747],{},"Examples include:",[233,60749,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758],{},[236,60751,6022],{},[236,60753,41101],{},[236,60755,52723],{},[236,60757,41271],{},[236,60759,60760],{},"other lists",[41,60762,60764],{"className":43,"code":60763,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60765,60766,60804,60808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60767,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800,60802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60769,1818],{"class":56},[50,60771,61],{"class":60},[50,60773,65],{"class":64},[50,60775,69],{"class":68},[50,60777,73],{"class":72},[50,60779,69],{"class":68},[50,60781,78],{"class":64},[50,60783,1336],{"class":111},[50,60785,78],{"class":64},[50,60787,1807],{"class":1806},[50,60789,78],{"class":64},[50,60791,65],{"class":64},[50,60793,309],{"class":111},[50,60795,78],{"class":64},[50,60797,314],{"class":111},[50,60799,78],{"class":64},[50,60801,319],{"class":111},[50,60803,53920],{"class":64},[50,60805,60806],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60807,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60809,60810,60812,60814,60816],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60811,366],{"class":151},[50,60813,155],{"class":64},[50,60815,1845],{"class":158},[50,60817,186],{"class":64},[20,60819,60820],{},[4465,60821,189],{},[41,60823,60825],{"className":43,"code":60824,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60826,60827],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60828,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60830,4620],{"class":64},[50,60832,413],{"class":68},[50,60834,73],{"class":72},[50,60836,413],{"class":68},[50,60838,78],{"class":64},[50,60840,1336],{"class":111},[50,60842,78],{"class":64},[50,60844,1807],{"class":1806},[50,60846,78],{"class":64},[50,60848,65],{"class":64},[50,60850,309],{"class":111},[50,60852,78],{"class":64},[50,60854,314],{"class":111},[50,60856,78],{"class":64},[50,60858,319],{"class":111},[50,60860,53920],{"class":64},[20,60862,60863,60864,838],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[4465,60865,60866],{},"nested list",[20,60868,60869],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[36,60871,5238],{"id":5237},[20,60873,60874],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1112,60876,60878],{"id":60877},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60880,60881],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[41,60883,60885],{"className":43,"code":60884,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60886,60887,60891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60888,60889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60890,5255],{"class":4385},[50,60892,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60894,302],{"class":56},[50,60896,61],{"class":60},[50,60898,65],{"class":64},[50,60900,309],{"class":111},[50,60902,314],{"class":111},[50,60904,319],{"class":111},[50,60906,98],{"class":64},[20,60908,11509],{},[41,60910,60912],{"className":43,"code":60911,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60913,60914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60915,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60917,302],{"class":56},[50,60919,61],{"class":60},[50,60921,65],{"class":64},[50,60923,309],{"class":111},[50,60925,78],{"class":64},[50,60927,314],{"class":111},[50,60929,78],{"class":64},[50,60931,319],{"class":111},[50,60933,98],{"class":64},[1112,60935,2447,60937,11794,60939],{"id":60936},"using-instead-of",[15,60938,8079],{},[15,60940,4510],{},[20,60942,60943],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[41,60945,60947],{"className":43,"code":60946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60948,60949,60970,60974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60950,60951,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964,60966,60968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60952,60953],{"class":56},"my_values ",[50,60955,61],{"class":60},[50,60957,419],{"class":64},[50,60959,309],{"class":111},[50,60961,78],{"class":64},[50,60963,314],{"class":111},[50,60965,78],{"class":64},[50,60967,319],{"class":111},[50,60969,186],{"class":64},[50,60971,60972],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,60973,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,60975,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60987],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,60977,366],{"class":151},[50,60979,155],{"class":64},[50,60981,3945],{"class":371},[50,60983,155],{"class":64},[50,60985,60986],{"class":158},"my_values",[50,60988,1077],{"class":64},[20,60990,60991],{},[4465,60992,189],{},[41,60994,60996],{"className":43,"code":60995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60997,60998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61001,4014],{"class":60},[50,61003,4017],{"class":752},[50,61005,408],{"class":68},[50,61007,49629],{"class":72},[50,61009,413],{"class":68},[50,61011,4026],{"class":60},[20,61013,61014],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[41,61016,61018],{"className":43,"code":61017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,61019,61020,61040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61021,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61023,60953],{"class":56},[50,61025,61],{"class":60},[50,61027,65],{"class":64},[50,61029,309],{"class":111},[50,61031,78],{"class":64},[50,61033,314],{"class":111},[50,61035,78],{"class":64},[50,61037,319],{"class":111},[50,61039,98],{"class":64},[50,61041,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050,61052],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61043,366],{"class":151},[50,61045,155],{"class":64},[50,61047,3945],{"class":371},[50,61049,155],{"class":64},[50,61051,60986],{"class":158},[50,61053,1077],{"class":64},[1112,61055,2120,61057,61060],{"id":61056},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,61058,61059],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,61062,61063,61065],{},[15,61064,25474],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[41,61067,61069],{"className":43,"code":61068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,61070,61071,61090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61072,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081,61083,61086,61088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61074,2954],{"class":56},[50,61076,61],{"class":60},[50,61078,1191],{"class":371},[50,61080,155],{"class":64},[50,61082,69],{"class":68},[50,61084,61085],{"class":72},"hello world",[50,61087,69],{"class":68},[50,61089,186],{"class":64},[50,61091,61092,61094,61096,61098],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61093,366],{"class":151},[50,61095,155],{"class":64},[50,61097,2989],{"class":158},[50,61099,186],{"class":64},[20,61101,61102],{},[4465,61103,189],{},[41,61105,61107],{"className":43,"code":61106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61108,61109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61110,61111,61113,61115,61118,61120,61122,61124,61127,61129,61131,61133,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61185,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195,61197,61199,61201,61203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61112,4620],{"class":64},[50,61114,413],{"class":68},[50,61116,61117],{"class":72},"h",[50,61119,413],{"class":68},[50,61121,78],{"class":64},[50,61123,408],{"class":68},[50,61125,61126],{"class":72},"e",[50,61128,413],{"class":68},[50,61130,78],{"class":64},[50,61132,408],{"class":68},[50,61134,61135],{"class":72},"l",[50,61137,413],{"class":68},[50,61139,78],{"class":64},[50,61141,408],{"class":68},[50,61143,61135],{"class":72},[50,61145,413],{"class":68},[50,61147,78],{"class":64},[50,61149,408],{"class":68},[50,61151,61152],{"class":72},"o",[50,61154,413],{"class":68},[50,61156,78],{"class":64},[50,61158,408],{"class":68},[50,61160,408],{"class":68},[50,61162,78],{"class":64},[50,61164,408],{"class":68},[50,61166,61167],{"class":72},"w",[50,61169,413],{"class":68},[50,61171,78],{"class":64},[50,61173,408],{"class":68},[50,61175,61152],{"class":72},[50,61177,413],{"class":68},[50,61179,78],{"class":64},[50,61181,408],{"class":68},[50,61183,61184],{"class":72},"r",[50,61186,413],{"class":68},[50,61188,78],{"class":64},[50,61190,408],{"class":68},[50,61192,61135],{"class":72},[50,61194,413],{"class":68},[50,61196,78],{"class":64},[50,61198,408],{"class":68},[50,61200,19466],{"class":72},[50,61202,413],{"class":68},[50,61204,98],{"class":64},[20,61206,61207,61208,61211],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61209,61210],{},"split()"," instead:",[41,61213,61215],{"className":43,"code":61214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61216,61217,61235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61218,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61220,4788],{"class":56},[50,61222,61],{"class":60},[50,61224,81],{"class":68},[50,61226,61085],{"class":72},[50,61228,69],{"class":68},[50,61230,838],{"class":64},[50,61232,35153],{"class":158},[50,61234,9354],{"class":64},[50,61236,61237,61239,61241,61243],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61238,366],{"class":151},[50,61240,155],{"class":64},[50,61242,4832],{"class":158},[50,61244,186],{"class":64},[20,61246,61247],{},[4465,61248,189],{},[41,61250,61252],{"className":43,"code":61251,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61253,61254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61255,61256,61258,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61271,61273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61257,4620],{"class":64},[50,61259,413],{"class":68},[50,61261,4568],{"class":72},[50,61263,413],{"class":68},[50,61265,78],{"class":64},[50,61267,408],{"class":68},[50,61269,61270],{"class":72},"world",[50,61272,413],{"class":68},[50,61274,98],{"class":64},[1112,61276,61278],{"id":61277},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61280,61281],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[41,61283,61285],{"className":43,"code":61284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61286,61287,61291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61288,61289],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61290,5255],{"class":4385},[50,61292,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61307,61309,61312,61314,61316,61318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61294,57],{"class":56},[50,61296,61],{"class":60},[50,61298,65],{"class":64},[50,61300,69],{"class":68},[50,61302,73],{"class":72},[50,61304,69],{"class":68},[50,61306,78],{"class":64},[50,61308,81],{"class":68},[50,61310,61311],{"class":72},"Ben', ",[50,61313,69],{"class":68},[50,61315,93],{"class":56},[50,61317,69],{"class":68},[50,61319,98],{"class":72},[20,61321,61322],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[41,61324,61326],{"className":43,"code":61325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61327,61328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61329,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61331,57],{"class":56},[50,61333,61],{"class":60},[50,61335,65],{"class":64},[50,61337,69],{"class":68},[50,61339,73],{"class":72},[50,61341,69],{"class":68},[50,61343,78],{"class":64},[50,61345,81],{"class":68},[50,61347,84],{"class":72},[50,61349,69],{"class":68},[50,61351,78],{"class":64},[50,61353,81],{"class":68},[50,61355,93],{"class":72},[50,61357,69],{"class":68},[50,61359,98],{"class":64},[1112,61361,61363],{"id":61362},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61365,61366],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[233,61368,61369,61372,61375,61380],{},[236,61370,61371],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[236,61373,61374],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[236,61376,61377,61378],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61379,25474],{},[236,61381,2120,61382,61385],{},[15,61383,61384],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1112,61387,61389],{"id":61388},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[41,61391,61393],{"className":43,"code":61392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61394,61395,61405,61419,61433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61396,61397,61399,61401,61403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61398,366],{"class":151},[50,61400,155],{"class":64},[50,61402,9051],{"class":158},[50,61404,186],{"class":64},[50,61406,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61408,366],{"class":151},[50,61410,155],{"class":64},[50,61412,3945],{"class":371},[50,61414,155],{"class":64},[50,61416,9051],{"class":158},[50,61418,1077],{"class":64},[50,61420,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,61422,366],{"class":151},[50,61424,155],{"class":64},[50,61426,1060],{"class":151},[50,61428,155],{"class":64},[50,61430,9051],{"class":158},[50,61432,1077],{"class":64},[50,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,61436,366],{"class":151},[50,61438,155],{"class":64},[50,61440,372],{"class":371},[50,61442,155],{"class":64},[50,61444,60677],{"class":151},[50,61446,155],{"class":64},[50,61448,2859],{"class":111},[50,61450,389],{"class":64},[20,61452,26699],{},[233,61454,61455,61458,61461,61464],{},[236,61456,61457],{},"what the list contains",[236,61459,61460],{},"whether the value is really a list",[236,61462,61463],{},"how many items it has",[236,61465,26710,61466,61468,61469],{},[15,61467,25474],{}," does with ",[15,61470,36875],{},[36,61472,61474],{"id":61473},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61476,61477],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61479,61480],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[233,61482,61483,61498,61503],{},[236,61484,221,61485,2912,61489,17772,61493,61497],{},[335,61486,61487],{"href":57447},[15,61488,53330],{},[335,61490,61491],{"href":54022},[15,61492,54124],{},[335,61494,61495],{"href":54586},[15,61496,54946],{}," to add items later",[236,61499,221,61500,61502],{},[335,61501,60074],{"href":51656}," for a broader introduction",[236,61504,221,61505,61509],{},[335,61506,61507,60737],{"href":60734},[15,61508,25474],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[36,61511,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,61513,61515],{"id":61514},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61517,61518],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[41,61520,61521],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,61522,61523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61524,61525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61526,1602],{"class":64},[1112,61528,61530],{"id":61529},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61532,61533],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[41,61535,61536],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,61537,61538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61539,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550,61552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61541,4620],{"class":64},[50,61543,309],{"class":111},[50,61545,78],{"class":64},[50,61547,314],{"class":111},[50,61549,78],{"class":64},[50,61551,319],{"class":111},[50,61553,98],{"class":64},[1112,61555,2559,61557,61559],{"id":61556},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61558,25474],{}," do in Python?",[20,61561,61562,61563,61565],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61564,36875],{},", into a list.",[1112,61567,61569],{"id":61568},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61571,61572],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1112,61574,5893,61576,827,61578,2582],{"id":61575},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61577,4510],{},[15,61579,8079],{},[20,61581,61582,61584,61585,61587],{},[15,61583,4510],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61586,8079],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[36,61589,2610],{"id":2609},[233,61591,61592,61596,61602,61608,61614,61620,61624],{},[236,61593,61594],{},[335,61595,60074],{"href":51656},[236,61597,61598],{},[335,61599,56198,61600,12024],{"href":57447},[15,61601,53330],{},[236,61603,61604],{},[335,61605,56198,61606,12024],{"href":54022},[15,61607,54124],{},[236,61609,61610],{},[335,61611,56198,61612,12024],{"href":54586},[15,61613,54946],{},[236,61615,61616],{},[335,61617,13,61618,18],{"href":60734},[15,61619,25474],{},[236,61621,61622],{},[335,61623,60077],{"href":59172},[236,61625,61626],{},[335,61627,61628],{"href":12769},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61630,61631,61632,61634],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61633,53330],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2640,61636,61637],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":61639},[61640,61641,61642,61643,61646,61647,61653,61654,61664,61665,61674],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":59969,"depth":101,"text":59970},{"id":60080,"depth":101,"text":60081,"children":61644},[61645],{"id":60282,"depth":127,"text":60283},{"id":60298,"depth":101,"text":60299},{"id":60495,"depth":101,"text":61648,"children":61649},"Create a list with list()",[61650,61651,61652],{"id":60520,"depth":127,"text":60521},{"id":60593,"depth":127,"text":60594},{"id":60658,"depth":127,"text":60659},{"id":60740,"depth":101,"text":60741},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":61655},[61656,61657,61659,61661,61662,61663],{"id":60877,"depth":127,"text":60878},{"id":60936,"depth":127,"text":61658},"Using () instead of []",{"id":61056,"depth":127,"text":61660},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61277,"depth":127,"text":61278},{"id":61362,"depth":127,"text":61363},{"id":61388,"depth":127,"text":61389},{"id":61473,"depth":101,"text":61474},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":61666},[61667,61668,61669,61671,61672],{"id":61514,"depth":127,"text":61515},{"id":61529,"depth":127,"text":61530},{"id":61556,"depth":127,"text":61670},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61568,"depth":127,"text":61569},{"id":61575,"depth":127,"text":61673},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59711,"description":61675},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61682,"title":61683,"body":61684,"description":63425,"extension":2687,"meta":63426,"navigation":130,"path":63427,"seo":63428,"stem":63429,"__hash__":63430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61685,"toc":63380},[61686,61691,61696,61699,61701,61772,61777,61782,61786,61800,61805,61807,61827,61832,61835,61858,61862,61867,61959,61961,61983,61989,61995,62002,62009,62015,62072,62078,62136,62138,62150,62158,62164,62169,62173,62230,62233,62237,62296,62299,62303,62361,62373,62377,62430,62433,62437,62443,62449,62511,62514,62575,62578,62634,62639,62641,62645,62652,62713,62718,62727,62783,62790,62794,62852,62861,62919,62923,62958,62962,62972,62975,63030,63044,63047,63162,63167,63171,63182,63184,63263,63273,63275,63280,63285,63292,63300,63306,63309,63315,63318,63324,63330,63332,63368,63377],[10,61687,55020,61689,12024],{"id":61688},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61690,54124],{},[20,61692,61693,61695],{},[15,61694,54025],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61697,61698],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[36,61700,39],{"id":38},[41,61702,61704],{"className":43,"code":61703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61705,61706,61722,61739,61743,61758,61768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61707,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716,61718,61720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61709,302],{"class":56},[50,61711,61],{"class":60},[50,61713,65],{"class":64},[50,61715,309],{"class":111},[50,61717,78],{"class":64},[50,61719,314],{"class":111},[50,61721,98],{"class":64},[50,61723,61724,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61725,61726],{"class":56},"more_numbers ",[50,61728,61],{"class":60},[50,61730,65],{"class":64},[50,61732,437],{"class":111},[50,61734,78],{"class":64},[50,61736,3181],{"class":111},[50,61738,98],{"class":64},[50,61740,61741],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,61742,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61756],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,61746,381],{"class":56},[50,61748,838],{"class":64},[50,61750,54154],{"class":158},[50,61752,155],{"class":64},[50,61754,61755],{"class":158},"more_numbers",[50,61757,186],{"class":64},[50,61759,61760,61762,61764,61766],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,61761,366],{"class":151},[50,61763,155],{"class":64},[50,61765,381],{"class":158},[50,61767,186],{"class":64},[50,61769,61770],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,61771,53401],{"class":4385},[20,61773,221,61774,61776],{},[15,61775,54124],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[36,61778,228,61780,231],{"id":61779},"what-listextend-does",[15,61781,54025],{},[20,61783,61784,1408],{},[15,61785,54124],{},[233,61787,61788,61791,61793,61796],{},[236,61789,61790],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[236,61792,55106],{},[236,61794,61795],{},"Does not create a new list",[236,61797,12126,61798],{},[15,61799,4501],{},[20,61801,61802,61803,54479],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61804,54124],{},[36,61806,256],{"id":255},[41,61808,61810],{"className":43,"code":61809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61811,61812],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61813,61814,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61815,61816],{"class":56},"list_name",[50,61818,838],{"class":64},[50,61820,54154],{"class":158},[50,61822,155],{"class":64},[50,61824,4442],{"class":158},[50,61826,186],{"class":64},[20,61828,6166,61829,61831],{},[4465,61830,4442],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61833,61834],{},"Common iterables include:",[233,61836,61837,61841,61845,61849,61854],{},[236,61838,61839],{},[15,61840,372],{},[236,61842,61843],{},[15,61844,49629],{},[236,61846,61847],{},[15,61848,7000],{},[236,61850,61851],{},[15,61852,61853],{},"string",[236,61855,61856],{},[15,61857,60677],{},[36,61859,61861],{"id":61860},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61863,61864,61865,1408],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61866,54124],{},[41,61868,61870],{"className":43,"code":61869,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61871,61872,61896,61921,61925,61940,61944,61954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61873,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61875,36916],{"class":56},[50,61877,61],{"class":60},[50,61879,65],{"class":64},[50,61881,69],{"class":68},[50,61883,4797],{"class":72},[50,61885,69],{"class":68},[50,61887,78],{"class":64},[50,61889,81],{"class":68},[50,61891,4806],{"class":72},[50,61893,69],{"class":68},[50,61895,98],{"class":64},[50,61897,61898,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,61899,61900],{"class":56},"more_fruits ",[50,61902,61],{"class":60},[50,61904,65],{"class":64},[50,61906,69],{"class":68},[50,61908,33905],{"class":72},[50,61910,69],{"class":68},[50,61912,78],{"class":64},[50,61914,81],{"class":68},[50,61916,23227],{"class":72},[50,61918,69],{"class":68},[50,61920,98],{"class":64},[50,61922,61923],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,61924,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,61926,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61938],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,61928,36968],{"class":56},[50,61930,838],{"class":64},[50,61932,54154],{"class":158},[50,61934,155],{"class":64},[50,61936,61937],{"class":158},"more_fruits",[50,61939,186],{"class":64},[50,61941,61942],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,61943,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,61947,366],{"class":151},[50,61949,155],{"class":64},[50,61951,36968],{"class":158},[50,61953,186],{"class":64},[50,61955,61956],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,61957,61958],{"class":4385},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61960,12387],{},[233,61962,61963,61968,61973],{},[236,61964,61965,61967],{},[15,61966,36968],{}," starts with two items",[236,61969,61970,61972],{},[15,61971,61937],{}," has two more items",[236,61974,61975,61977,61978,61980,61981],{},[15,61976,54124],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61979,61937],{}," to ",[15,61982,36968],{},[20,61984,61985,61986,61988],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61987,36968],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61990,55245,61991,827,61993,838],{},[335,61992,53449],{"href":51656},[335,61994,57832],{"href":57831},[36,61996,61998,11286,62000],{"id":61997},"extend-vs-append",[15,61999,54124],{},[15,62001,53330],{},[20,62003,62004,827,62006,62008],{},[15,62005,54124],{},[15,62007,53330],{}," are often confused.",[1112,62010,62012,62014],{"id":62011},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,62013,54124],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[41,62016,62018],{"className":43,"code":62017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62019,62020,62036,62054,62058,62068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62021,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62023,302],{"class":56},[50,62025,61],{"class":60},[50,62027,65],{"class":64},[50,62029,309],{"class":111},[50,62031,78],{"class":64},[50,62033,314],{"class":111},[50,62035,98],{"class":64},[50,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62039,381],{"class":56},[50,62041,838],{"class":64},[50,62043,54154],{"class":158},[50,62045,2182],{"class":64},[50,62047,437],{"class":111},[50,62049,78],{"class":64},[50,62051,3181],{"class":111},[50,62053,2210],{"class":64},[50,62055,62056],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62057,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62061,366],{"class":151},[50,62063,155],{"class":64},[50,62065,381],{"class":158},[50,62067,186],{"class":64},[50,62069,62070],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62071,53401],{"class":4385},[1112,62073,62075,62077],{"id":62074},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,62076,53330],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[41,62079,62081],{"className":43,"code":62080,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,62082,62083,62099,62117,62121,62131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62086,302],{"class":56},[50,62088,61],{"class":60},[50,62090,65],{"class":64},[50,62092,309],{"class":111},[50,62094,78],{"class":64},[50,62096,314],{"class":111},[50,62098,98],{"class":64},[50,62100,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62102,381],{"class":56},[50,62104,838],{"class":64},[50,62106,14254],{"class":158},[50,62108,2182],{"class":64},[50,62110,437],{"class":111},[50,62112,78],{"class":64},[50,62114,3181],{"class":111},[50,62116,2210],{"class":64},[50,62118,62119],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62120,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62122,62123,62125,62127,62129],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62124,366],{"class":151},[50,62126,155],{"class":64},[50,62128,381],{"class":158},[50,62130,186],{"class":64},[50,62132,62133],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62134,62135],{"class":4385},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,62137,19393],{},[233,62139,62140,62145],{},[236,62141,62142,62144],{},[15,62143,54124],{}," to combine values",[236,62146,62147,62149],{},[15,62148,53330],{}," to add one item",[20,62151,42769,62152,827,62156,838],{},[335,62153,56198,62154,11442],{"href":57447},[15,62155,53330],{},[335,62157,53727],{"href":53726},[36,62159,2447,62161,62163],{"id":62160},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,62162,54124],{}," with different iterables",[20,62165,62166,62168],{},[15,62167,54124],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1112,62170,62172],{"id":62171},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[41,62174,62176],{"className":43,"code":62175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62177,62178,62194,62212,62216,62226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62181,1321],{"class":56},[50,62183,61],{"class":60},[50,62185,65],{"class":64},[50,62187,309],{"class":111},[50,62189,78],{"class":64},[50,62191,314],{"class":111},[50,62193,98],{"class":64},[50,62195,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62197,6072],{"class":56},[50,62199,838],{"class":64},[50,62201,54154],{"class":158},[50,62203,6225],{"class":64},[50,62205,437],{"class":111},[50,62207,78],{"class":64},[50,62209,3181],{"class":111},[50,62211,1077],{"class":64},[50,62213,62214],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62215,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62217,62218,62220,62222,62224],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62219,366],{"class":151},[50,62221,155],{"class":64},[50,62223,6072],{"class":158},[50,62225,186],{"class":64},[50,62227,62228],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62229,53401],{"class":4385},[20,62231,62232],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1112,62234,62236],{"id":62235},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[41,62238,62240],{"className":43,"code":62239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62241,62242,62258,62277,62281,62291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62243,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254,62256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62245,326],{"class":56},[50,62247,61],{"class":60},[50,62249,65],{"class":64},[50,62251,69],{"class":68},[50,62253,335],{"class":72},[50,62255,69],{"class":68},[50,62257,98],{"class":64},[50,62259,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62273,62275],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62261,36820],{"class":56},[50,62263,838],{"class":64},[50,62265,54154],{"class":158},[50,62267,155],{"class":64},[50,62269,69],{"class":68},[50,62271,62272],{"class":72},"bc",[50,62274,69],{"class":68},[50,62276,186],{"class":64},[50,62278,62279],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62280,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62282,62283,62285,62287,62289],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62284,366],{"class":151},[50,62286,155],{"class":64},[50,62288,36820],{"class":158},[50,62290,186],{"class":64},[50,62292,62293],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62294,62295],{"class":4385},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62297,62298],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1112,62300,62302],{"id":62301},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[41,62304,62306],{"className":43,"code":62305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62307,62308,62320,62342,62346,62356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316,62318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62311,302],{"class":56},[50,62313,61],{"class":60},[50,62315,65],{"class":64},[50,62317,2842],{"class":111},[50,62319,98],{"class":64},[50,62321,62322,62324,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62323,381],{"class":56},[50,62325,838],{"class":64},[50,62327,54154],{"class":158},[50,62329,155],{"class":64},[50,62331,60677],{"class":151},[50,62333,155],{"class":64},[50,62335,309],{"class":111},[50,62337,78],{"class":64},[50,62339,3181],{"class":111},[50,62341,1077],{"class":64},[50,62343,62344],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62345,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62347,62348,62350,62352,62354],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62349,366],{"class":151},[50,62351,155],{"class":64},[50,62353,381],{"class":158},[50,62355,186],{"class":64},[50,62357,62358],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62359,62360],{"class":4385},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62362,62363,62366,62367,2912,62369,17772,62371,838],{},[15,62364,62365],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62368,309],{},[15,62370,422],{},[15,62372,437],{},[1112,62374,62376],{"id":62375},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[41,62378,62380],{"className":43,"code":62379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62381,62382,62398,62416,62420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62383,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62385,8493],{"class":56},[50,62387,61],{"class":60},[50,62389,65],{"class":64},[50,62391,309],{"class":111},[50,62393,78],{"class":64},[50,62395,314],{"class":111},[50,62397,98],{"class":64},[50,62399,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62401,8522],{"class":56},[50,62403,838],{"class":64},[50,62405,54154],{"class":158},[50,62407,6244],{"class":64},[50,62409,437],{"class":111},[50,62411,78],{"class":64},[50,62413,3181],{"class":111},[50,62415,31186],{"class":64},[50,62417,62418],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62419,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62421,62422,62424,62426,62428],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62423,366],{"class":151},[50,62425,155],{"class":64},[50,62427,8522],{"class":158},[50,62429,186],{"class":64},[20,62431,62432],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[36,62434,62436],{"id":62435},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62438,62439,3121,62441,838],{},[15,62440,54124],{},[15,62442,4501],{},[20,62444,62445,62446,1408],{},"That means this is ",[4465,62447,62448],{},"wrong",[41,62450,62452],{"className":43,"code":62451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62453,62454,62470,62492,62496,62506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62455,62456,62458,62460,62462,62464,62466,62468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62457,302],{"class":56},[50,62459,61],{"class":60},[50,62461,65],{"class":64},[50,62463,309],{"class":111},[50,62465,78],{"class":64},[50,62467,314],{"class":111},[50,62469,98],{"class":64},[50,62471,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62473,2954],{"class":56},[50,62475,61],{"class":60},[50,62477,4982],{"class":56},[50,62479,838],{"class":64},[50,62481,54154],{"class":158},[50,62483,2182],{"class":64},[50,62485,437],{"class":111},[50,62487,78],{"class":64},[50,62489,3181],{"class":111},[50,62491,2210],{"class":64},[50,62493,62494],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62495,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62497,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62499,366],{"class":151},[50,62501,155],{"class":64},[50,62503,2989],{"class":158},[50,62505,186],{"class":64},[50,62507,62508],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62509,62510],{"class":4385},"# None\n",[20,62512,62513],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[41,62515,62517],{"className":43,"code":62516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62518,62519,62535,62557,62561,62571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62520,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62522,302],{"class":56},[50,62524,61],{"class":60},[50,62526,65],{"class":64},[50,62528,309],{"class":111},[50,62530,78],{"class":64},[50,62532,314],{"class":111},[50,62534,98],{"class":64},[50,62536,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62538,302],{"class":56},[50,62540,61],{"class":60},[50,62542,4982],{"class":56},[50,62544,838],{"class":64},[50,62546,54154],{"class":158},[50,62548,2182],{"class":64},[50,62550,437],{"class":111},[50,62552,78],{"class":64},[50,62554,3181],{"class":111},[50,62556,2210],{"class":64},[50,62558,62559],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62560,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62562,62563,62565,62567,62569],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62564,366],{"class":151},[50,62566,155],{"class":64},[50,62568,381],{"class":158},[50,62570,186],{"class":64},[50,62572,62573],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62574,62510],{"class":4385},[20,62576,62577],{},"The correct way is:",[41,62579,62580],{"className":43,"code":62017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62581,62582,62598,62616,62620,62630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62583,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62585,302],{"class":56},[50,62587,61],{"class":60},[50,62589,65],{"class":64},[50,62591,309],{"class":111},[50,62593,78],{"class":64},[50,62595,314],{"class":111},[50,62597,98],{"class":64},[50,62599,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62601,381],{"class":56},[50,62603,838],{"class":64},[50,62605,54154],{"class":158},[50,62607,2182],{"class":64},[50,62609,437],{"class":111},[50,62611,78],{"class":64},[50,62613,3181],{"class":111},[50,62615,2210],{"class":64},[50,62617,62618],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62619,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62621,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62623,366],{"class":151},[50,62625,155],{"class":64},[50,62627,381],{"class":158},[50,62629,186],{"class":64},[50,62631,62632],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62633,53401],{"class":4385},[20,62635,56587,62636,62638],{},[15,62637,54124],{}," first, then use the original list.",[36,62640,5238],{"id":5237},[20,62642,15435,62643,838],{},[15,62644,54124],{},[1112,62646,62648,62649,62651],{"id":62647},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62650,54124],{}," to return a new list",[41,62653,62655],{"className":43,"code":62654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62656,62657,62673,62695,62699,62709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62658,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62660,302],{"class":56},[50,62662,61],{"class":60},[50,62664,65],{"class":64},[50,62666,309],{"class":111},[50,62668,78],{"class":64},[50,62670,314],{"class":111},[50,62672,98],{"class":64},[50,62674,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62676,56320],{"class":56},[50,62678,61],{"class":60},[50,62680,4982],{"class":56},[50,62682,838],{"class":64},[50,62684,54154],{"class":158},[50,62686,2182],{"class":64},[50,62688,437],{"class":111},[50,62690,78],{"class":64},[50,62692,3181],{"class":111},[50,62694,2210],{"class":64},[50,62696,62697],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62698,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62700,62701,62703,62705,62707],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62702,366],{"class":151},[50,62704,155],{"class":64},[50,62706,56339],{"class":158},[50,62708,186],{"class":64},[50,62710,62711],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62712,62510],{"class":4385},[20,62714,62715,62716,838],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62717,54124],{},[1112,62719,62721,62722,45307,62724,62726],{"id":62720},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62723,53330],{},[15,62725,54124],{}," is needed",[41,62728,62729],{"className":43,"code":62080,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62730,62731,62747,62765,62769,62779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62732,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62734,302],{"class":56},[50,62736,61],{"class":60},[50,62738,65],{"class":64},[50,62740,309],{"class":111},[50,62742,78],{"class":64},[50,62744,314],{"class":111},[50,62746,98],{"class":64},[50,62748,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62750,381],{"class":56},[50,62752,838],{"class":64},[50,62754,14254],{"class":158},[50,62756,2182],{"class":64},[50,62758,437],{"class":111},[50,62760,78],{"class":64},[50,62762,3181],{"class":111},[50,62764,2210],{"class":64},[50,62766,62767],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62768,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62770,62771,62773,62775,62777],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62772,366],{"class":151},[50,62774,155],{"class":64},[50,62776,381],{"class":158},[50,62778,186],{"class":64},[50,62780,62781],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62782,62135],{"class":4385},[20,62784,62785,62786,54569,62788,7344],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62787,54568],{},[15,62789,54124],{},[1112,62791,62793],{"id":62792},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[41,62795,62797],{"className":43,"code":62796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62798,62799,62815,62833,62837,62847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62802,4788],{"class":56},[50,62804,61],{"class":60},[50,62806,65],{"class":64},[50,62808,69],{"class":68},[50,62810,4568],{"class":72},[50,62812,69],{"class":68},[50,62814,98],{"class":64},[50,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62818,4832],{"class":56},[50,62820,838],{"class":64},[50,62822,54154],{"class":158},[50,62824,155],{"class":64},[50,62826,69],{"class":68},[50,62828,61270],{"class":72},[50,62830,69],{"class":68},[50,62832,186],{"class":64},[50,62834,62835],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62836,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62838,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62840,366],{"class":151},[50,62842,155],{"class":64},[50,62844,4832],{"class":158},[50,62846,186],{"class":64},[50,62848,62849],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62850,62851],{"class":4385},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62853,62854,62855,62858,62859,1408],{},"If you want ",[15,62856,62857],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62860,53330],{},[41,62862,62864],{"className":43,"code":62863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62865,62866,62882,62900,62904,62914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62867,62868,62870,62872,62874,62876,62878,62880],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62869,4788],{"class":56},[50,62871,61],{"class":60},[50,62873,65],{"class":64},[50,62875,69],{"class":68},[50,62877,4568],{"class":72},[50,62879,69],{"class":68},[50,62881,98],{"class":64},[50,62883,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62885,4832],{"class":56},[50,62887,838],{"class":64},[50,62889,14254],{"class":158},[50,62891,155],{"class":64},[50,62893,69],{"class":68},[50,62895,61270],{"class":72},[50,62897,69],{"class":68},[50,62899,186],{"class":64},[50,62901,62902],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,62903,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,62905,62906,62908,62910,62912],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,62907,366],{"class":151},[50,62909,155],{"class":64},[50,62911,4832],{"class":158},[50,62913,186],{"class":64},[50,62915,62916],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,62917,62918],{"class":4385},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1112,62920,62922],{"id":62921},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[41,62924,62926],{"className":43,"code":62925,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62927,62928,62944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62929,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62931,302],{"class":56},[50,62933,61],{"class":60},[50,62935,65],{"class":64},[50,62937,309],{"class":111},[50,62939,78],{"class":64},[50,62941,314],{"class":111},[50,62943,98],{"class":64},[50,62945,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62947,381],{"class":56},[50,62949,838],{"class":64},[50,62951,54154],{"class":158},[50,62953,155],{"class":64},[50,62955,2859],{"class":111},[50,62957,186],{"class":64},[20,62959,40330,62960,7264],{},[15,62961,2859],{},[20,62963,62964,62965,62967,62968,62971],{},"You will get a ",[15,62966,3727],{},". See ",[335,62969,62970],{"href":53277},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62973,62974],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[41,62976,62978],{"className":43,"code":62977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62979,62980,62990,63004,63016],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62981,62982,62984,62986,62988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62983,366],{"class":151},[50,62985,155],{"class":64},[50,62987,9051],{"class":158},[50,62989,186],{"class":64},[50,62991,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,62993,366],{"class":151},[50,62995,155],{"class":64},[50,62997,3945],{"class":371},[50,62999,155],{"class":64},[50,63001,6072],{"class":158},[50,63003,1077],{"class":64},[50,63005,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,63007,366],{"class":151},[50,63009,155],{"class":64},[50,63011,2989],{"class":158},[50,63013,4382],{"class":64},[50,63015,186],{"class":56},[50,63017,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,63019,32840],{"class":151},[50,63021,155],{"class":64},[50,63023,372],{"class":371},[50,63025,838],{"class":64},[50,63027,54154],{"class":25443},[50,63029,186],{"class":64},[44257,63031,63032],{},[20,63033,63034,63035,63038,63039,63041,63042,838],{},"Note: ",[15,63036,63037],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,63040,4382],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,63043,33714],{},[20,63045,63046],{},"Correct debugging example:",[41,63048,63050],{"className":43,"code":63049,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,63051,63052,63068,63084,63088,63102,63106,63114,63124,63138,63148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63053,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63055,9020],{"class":56},[50,63057,61],{"class":60},[50,63059,65],{"class":64},[50,63061,309],{"class":111},[50,63063,78],{"class":64},[50,63065,314],{"class":111},[50,63067,98],{"class":64},[50,63069,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63071,1321],{"class":56},[50,63073,61],{"class":60},[50,63075,65],{"class":64},[50,63077,437],{"class":111},[50,63079,78],{"class":64},[50,63081,3181],{"class":111},[50,63083,98],{"class":64},[50,63085,63086],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,63087,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63089,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,63091,9051],{"class":56},[50,63093,838],{"class":64},[50,63095,54154],{"class":158},[50,63097,155],{"class":64},[50,63099,6072],{"class":158},[50,63101,186],{"class":64},[50,63103,63104],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,63105,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63107,63108,63110,63112],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,63109,2954],{"class":56},[50,63111,61],{"class":60},[50,63113,49203],{"class":1806},[50,63115,63116,63118,63120,63122],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,63117,366],{"class":151},[50,63119,155],{"class":64},[50,63121,9051],{"class":158},[50,63123,186],{"class":64},[50,63125,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,63127,366],{"class":151},[50,63129,155],{"class":64},[50,63131,3945],{"class":371},[50,63133,155],{"class":64},[50,63135,6072],{"class":158},[50,63137,1077],{"class":64},[50,63139,63140,63142,63144,63146],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,63141,366],{"class":151},[50,63143,155],{"class":64},[50,63145,2989],{"class":158},[50,63147,186],{"class":64},[50,63149,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,63151,32840],{"class":151},[50,63153,155],{"class":64},[50,63155,372],{"class":371},[50,63157,838],{"class":64},[50,63159,54154],{"class":25443},[50,63161,186],{"class":64},[36,63163,5681,63165],{"id":63164},"when-to-use-extend",[15,63166,54124],{},[20,63168,221,63169,7031],{},[15,63170,54124],{},[233,63172,63173,63176,63179],{},[236,63174,63175],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[236,63177,63178],{},"Add multiple values at once",[236,63180,63181],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63183,6186],{},[41,63185,63187],{"className":43,"code":63186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63188,63189,63206,63224,63228,63244,63248,63258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63190,63191,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63192,63193],{"class":56},"all_scores ",[50,63195,61],{"class":60},[50,63197,65],{"class":64},[50,63199,112],{"class":111},[50,63201,78],{"class":64},[50,63203,117],{"class":111},[50,63205,98],{"class":64},[50,63207,63208,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63222],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63209,63210],{"class":56},"new_scores ",[50,63212,61],{"class":60},[50,63214,65],{"class":64},[50,63216,52182],{"class":111},[50,63218,78],{"class":64},[50,63220,63221],{"class":111}," 92",[50,63223,98],{"class":64},[50,63225,63226],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,63227,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63229,63230,63233,63235,63237,63239,63242],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,63231,63232],{"class":56},"all_scores",[50,63234,838],{"class":64},[50,63236,54154],{"class":158},[50,63238,155],{"class":64},[50,63240,63241],{"class":158},"new_scores",[50,63243,186],{"class":64},[50,63245,63246],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,63247,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63249,63250,63252,63254,63256],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,63251,366],{"class":151},[50,63253,155],{"class":64},[50,63255,63232],{"class":158},[50,63257,186],{"class":64},[50,63259,63260],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,63261,63262],{"class":4385},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63264,63265,63266,63268,63269,838],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63267,53330],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[335,63270,56198,63271,11442],{"href":54586},[15,63272,54946],{},[36,63274,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,63276,2569,63278,56147],{"id":63277},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63279,54025],{},[20,63281,63282,63283,838],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63284,4501],{},[1112,63286,5893,63288,827,63290,2582],{"id":63287},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63289,54124],{},[15,63291,53330],{},[20,63293,63294,63296,63297,63299],{},[15,63295,54124],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63298,53330],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1112,63301,29019,63303,63305],{"id":63302},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63304,54124],{}," with a string?",[20,63307,63308],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1112,63310,29019,63312,63314],{"id":63311},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63313,54124],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63316,63317],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1112,63319,63321,63322,2582],{"id":63320},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63323,54124],{},[20,63325,63326,63327,63329],{},"You get a ",[15,63328,3727],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[36,63331,2610],{"id":2609},[233,63333,63334,63340,63344,63348,63352,63358,63362],{},[236,63335,63336],{},[335,63337,56198,63338,11442],{"href":57447},[15,63339,53330],{},[236,63341,63342],{},[335,63343,54956],{"href":53726},[236,63345,63346],{},[335,63347,57906],{"href":57831},[236,63349,63350],{},[335,63351,53449],{"href":51656},[236,63353,63354],{},[335,63355,56198,63356,11442],{"href":54586},[15,63357,54946],{},[236,63359,63360],{},[335,63361,62970],{"href":53277},[236,63363,63364],{},[335,63365,56198,63366,11442],{"href":55638},[15,63367,13480],{},[20,63369,63370,63371,63373,63374,63376],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63372,53330],{},", when to use ",[15,63375,54946],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2640,63378,63379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":63381},[63382,63383,63385,63386,63387,63394,63401,63402,63410,63412,63424],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":61779,"depth":101,"text":63384},"What list.extend() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":61860,"depth":101,"text":61861},{"id":61997,"depth":101,"text":63388,"children":63389},"extend() vs append()",[63390,63392],{"id":62011,"depth":127,"text":63391},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62074,"depth":127,"text":63393},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62160,"depth":101,"text":63395,"children":63396},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63397,63398,63399,63400],{"id":62171,"depth":127,"text":62172},{"id":62235,"depth":127,"text":62236},{"id":62301,"depth":127,"text":62302},{"id":62375,"depth":127,"text":62376},{"id":62435,"depth":101,"text":62436},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":63403},[63404,63406,63408,63409],{"id":62647,"depth":127,"text":63405},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62720,"depth":127,"text":63407},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62792,"depth":127,"text":62793},{"id":62921,"depth":127,"text":62922},{"id":63164,"depth":101,"text":63411},"When to use extend()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":63413},[63414,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"id":63277,"depth":127,"text":63415},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63287,"depth":127,"text":63417},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63302,"depth":127,"text":63419},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63311,"depth":127,"text":63421},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63320,"depth":127,"text":63423},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61683,"description":63425},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63432,"title":63433,"body":63434,"description":65523,"extension":2687,"meta":65524,"navigation":130,"path":65525,"seo":65526,"stem":65527,"__hash__":65528},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63435,"toc":65486},[63436,63439,63444,63450,63461,63467,63469,63538,63540,63589,63597,63601,63606,63609,63620,63625,63627,63629,63650,63663,63666,63679,63681,63686,63711,63713,63721,63724,63793,63795,63819,63825,63829,63833,63869,63871,63891,63898,63902,63935,63937,63971,63976,63980,64013,64015,64043,64051,64055,64092,64094,64115,64118,64122,64191,64193,64217,64223,64230,64234,64237,64239,64253,64256,64280,64282,64307,64310,64329,64331,64357,64366,64370,64377,64454,64456,64497,64503,64509,64600,64602,64658,64661,64666,64670,64675,64679,64738,64740,64765,64769,64832,64834,64859,64863,64926,64928,64971,64974,64978,64982,65003,65007,65088,65090,65125,65133,65135,65139,65143,65145,65172,65177,65179,65206,65213,65216,65239,65241,65290,65293,65296,65315,65319,65322,65373,65376,65382,65386,65391,65394,65396,65402,65411,65415,65421,65425,65428,65432,65435,65439,65445,65447,65483],[10,63437,63433],{"id":63438},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63440,9835,63441,63443],{},[15,63442,25474],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63445,63446,63447,63449],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63448,25474],{}," for two main reasons:",[233,63451,63452,63455],{},[236,63453,63454],{},"to make an empty list",[236,63456,63457,63458,63460],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63459,60677],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63462,63463,63464,63466],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63465,25474],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[36,63468,39],{"id":38},[41,63470,63472],{"className":43,"code":63471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63473,63474,63496,63514,63518,63528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63477,302],{"class":56},[50,63479,61],{"class":60},[50,63481,1191],{"class":371},[50,63483,6225],{"class":64},[50,63485,309],{"class":111},[50,63487,78],{"class":64},[50,63489,314],{"class":111},[50,63491,78],{"class":64},[50,63493,319],{"class":111},[50,63495,1077],{"class":64},[50,63497,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63499,326],{"class":56},[50,63501,61],{"class":60},[50,63503,1191],{"class":371},[50,63505,155],{"class":64},[50,63507,69],{"class":68},[50,63509,42236],{"class":72},[50,63511,69],{"class":68},[50,63513,186],{"class":64},[50,63515,63516],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,63517,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63519,63520,63522,63524,63526],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,63521,366],{"class":151},[50,63523,155],{"class":64},[50,63525,381],{"class":158},[50,63527,186],{"class":64},[50,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,63531,366],{"class":151},[50,63533,155],{"class":64},[50,63535,36820],{"class":158},[50,63537,186],{"class":64},[20,63539,189],{},[41,63541,63543],{"className":43,"code":63542,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63544,63545,63561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63546,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63548,4620],{"class":64},[50,63550,309],{"class":111},[50,63552,78],{"class":64},[50,63554,314],{"class":111},[50,63556,78],{"class":64},[50,63558,319],{"class":111},[50,63560,98],{"class":64},[50,63562,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63564,4620],{"class":64},[50,63566,413],{"class":68},[50,63568,335],{"class":72},[50,63570,413],{"class":68},[50,63572,78],{"class":64},[50,63574,408],{"class":68},[50,63576,344],{"class":72},[50,63578,413],{"class":68},[50,63580,78],{"class":64},[50,63582,408],{"class":68},[50,63584,353],{"class":72},[50,63586,413],{"class":68},[50,63588,98],{"class":64},[20,63590,221,63591,63593,63594,63596],{},[15,63592,25474],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63595,60677],{},", set, or dictionary.",[36,63598,63600],{"id":63599},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63602,63603,63605],{},[15,63604,25474],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63607,63608],{},"It can:",[233,63610,63611,63614,63617],{},[236,63612,63613],{},"create a new list object",[236,63615,63616],{},"make an empty list",[236,63618,63619],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63621,63622,63623,838],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[335,63624,53449],{"href":51656},[36,63626,256],{"id":255},[20,63628,27178],{},[41,63630,63632],{"className":43,"code":63631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63633,63634,63640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63635,63636,63638],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63637,372],{"class":371},[50,63639,9354],{"class":64},[50,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63643,372],{"class":371},[50,63645,155],{"class":64},[50,63647,4442],{"class":158},[50,63649,186],{"class":64},[233,63651,63652,63657],{},[236,63653,63654,63656],{},[15,63655,25474],{}," makes an empty list",[236,63658,63659,63662],{},[15,63660,63661],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63664,63665],{},"Common iterable values include:",[233,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674,63677],{},[236,63669,6022],{},[236,63671,6016],{},[236,63673,6019],{},[236,63675,63676],{},"ranges",[236,63678,7964],{},[36,63680,60299],{"id":60298},[20,63682,221,63683,63685],{},[15,63684,25474],{}," with no arguments:",[41,63687,63689],{"className":43,"code":63688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63690,63691,63701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63692,63693,63695,63697,63699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63694,8493],{"class":56},[50,63696,61],{"class":60},[50,63698,1191],{"class":371},[50,63700,9354],{"class":64},[50,63702,63703,63705,63707,63709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63704,366],{"class":151},[50,63706,155],{"class":64},[50,63708,8522],{"class":158},[50,63710,186],{"class":64},[20,63712,189],{},[41,63714,63715],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63716,63717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63718,63719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63720,1602],{"class":64},[20,63722,63723],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[41,63725,63727],{"className":43,"code":63726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63728,63729,63739,63743,63761,63779,63783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63732,8493],{"class":56},[50,63734,61],{"class":60},[50,63736,1191],{"class":371},[50,63738,9354],{"class":64},[50,63740,63741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63742,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63744,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,63746,8522],{"class":56},[50,63748,838],{"class":64},[50,63750,14254],{"class":158},[50,63752,155],{"class":64},[50,63754,69],{"class":68},[50,63756,4797],{"class":72},[50,63758,69],{"class":68},[50,63760,186],{"class":64},[50,63762,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,63764,8522],{"class":56},[50,63766,838],{"class":64},[50,63768,14254],{"class":158},[50,63770,155],{"class":64},[50,63772,69],{"class":68},[50,63774,4806],{"class":72},[50,63776,69],{"class":68},[50,63778,186],{"class":64},[50,63780,63781],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,63782,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,63784,63785,63787,63789,63791],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,63786,366],{"class":151},[50,63788,155],{"class":64},[50,63790,8522],{"class":158},[50,63792,186],{"class":64},[20,63794,189],{},[41,63796,63797],{"className":43,"code":39099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63798,63799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63800,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63802,4620],{"class":64},[50,63804,413],{"class":68},[50,63806,4797],{"class":72},[50,63808,413],{"class":68},[50,63810,78],{"class":64},[50,63812,408],{"class":68},[50,63814,4806],{"class":72},[50,63816,413],{"class":68},[50,63818,98],{"class":64},[20,63820,63821,63822,63824],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63823,4510],{},". Both are valid.",[36,63826,63828],{"id":63827},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1112,63830,63832],{"id":63831},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[41,63834,63835],{"className":43,"code":60597,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63836,63837,63859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63838,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63840,302],{"class":56},[50,63842,61],{"class":60},[50,63844,1191],{"class":371},[50,63846,6225],{"class":64},[50,63848,309],{"class":111},[50,63850,78],{"class":64},[50,63852,314],{"class":111},[50,63854,78],{"class":64},[50,63856,319],{"class":111},[50,63858,1077],{"class":64},[50,63860,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63862,366],{"class":151},[50,63864,155],{"class":64},[50,63866,381],{"class":158},[50,63868,186],{"class":64},[20,63870,189],{},[41,63872,63873],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63874,63875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63878,4620],{"class":64},[50,63880,309],{"class":111},[50,63882,78],{"class":64},[50,63884,314],{"class":111},[50,63886,78],{"class":64},[50,63888,319],{"class":111},[50,63890,98],{"class":64},[20,63892,63893,63894,838],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[335,63895,63897],{"href":63896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1112,63899,63901],{"id":63900},"string-to-list","String to list",[41,63903,63905],{"className":43,"code":63904,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63906,63907,63925],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63908,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63910,326],{"class":56},[50,63912,61],{"class":60},[50,63914,1191],{"class":371},[50,63916,155],{"class":64},[50,63918,69],{"class":68},[50,63920,37724],{"class":72},[50,63922,69],{"class":68},[50,63924,186],{"class":64},[50,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,63928,366],{"class":151},[50,63930,155],{"class":64},[50,63932,36820],{"class":158},[50,63934,186],{"class":64},[20,63936,189],{},[41,63938,63940],{"className":43,"code":63939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63941,63942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63943,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63967,63969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63945,4620],{"class":64},[50,63947,413],{"class":68},[50,63949,353],{"class":72},[50,63951,413],{"class":68},[50,63953,78],{"class":64},[50,63955,408],{"class":68},[50,63957,335],{"class":72},[50,63959,413],{"class":68},[50,63961,78],{"class":64},[50,63963,408],{"class":68},[50,63965,63966],{"class":72},"t",[50,63968,413],{"class":68},[50,63970,98],{"class":64},[20,63972,63973,63975],{},[15,63974,25474],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1112,63977,63979],{"id":63978},"range-to-list","Range to list",[41,63981,63983],{"className":43,"code":63982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63984,63985,64003],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63988,302],{"class":56},[50,63990,61],{"class":60},[50,63992,1191],{"class":371},[50,63994,155],{"class":64},[50,63996,60677],{"class":151},[50,63998,155],{"class":64},[50,64000,2859],{"class":111},[50,64002,1077],{"class":64},[50,64004,64005,64007,64009,64011],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64006,366],{"class":151},[50,64008,155],{"class":64},[50,64010,381],{"class":158},[50,64012,186],{"class":64},[20,64014,189],{},[41,64016,64017],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,64018,64019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64020,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64022,4620],{"class":64},[50,64024,2842],{"class":111},[50,64026,78],{"class":64},[50,64028,6212],{"class":111},[50,64030,78],{"class":64},[50,64032,314],{"class":111},[50,64034,78],{"class":64},[50,64036,319],{"class":111},[50,64038,78],{"class":64},[50,64040,3181],{"class":111},[50,64042,98],{"class":64},[20,64044,64045,64046,64050],{},"This is common when working with ",[335,64047,64048],{"href":36872},[15,64049,36875],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1112,64052,64054],{"id":64053},"set-to-list","Set to list",[41,64056,64058],{"className":43,"code":64057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,64059,64060,64082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64061,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64063,1321],{"class":56},[50,64065,61],{"class":60},[50,64067,1191],{"class":371},[50,64069,6244],{"class":64},[50,64071,1868],{"class":111},[50,64073,78],{"class":64},[50,64075,1873],{"class":111},[50,64077,78],{"class":64},[50,64079,1878],{"class":111},[50,64081,31186],{"class":64},[50,64083,64084,64086,64088,64090],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64085,366],{"class":151},[50,64087,155],{"class":64},[50,64089,6072],{"class":158},[50,64091,186],{"class":64},[20,64093,17658],{},[41,64095,64097],{"className":43,"code":64096,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,64098,64099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64100,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64102,4620],{"class":64},[50,64104,1868],{"class":111},[50,64106,78],{"class":64},[50,64108,1873],{"class":111},[50,64110,78],{"class":64},[50,64112,1878],{"class":111},[50,64114,98],{"class":64},[20,64116,64117],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1112,64119,64121],{"id":64120},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[41,64123,64125],{"className":43,"code":64124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64126,64127,64163,64177,64181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64130,1356],{"class":56},[50,64132,61],{"class":60},[50,64134,11191],{"class":64},[50,64136,69],{"class":68},[50,64138,178],{"class":72},[50,64140,69],{"class":68},[50,64142,1408],{"class":64},[50,64144,81],{"class":68},[50,64146,73],{"class":72},[50,64148,69],{"class":68},[50,64150,78],{"class":64},[50,64152,81],{"class":68},[50,64154,1303],{"class":72},[50,64156,69],{"class":68},[50,64158,1408],{"class":64},[50,64160,1336],{"class":111},[50,64162,1445],{"class":64},[50,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64166,2954],{"class":56},[50,64168,61],{"class":60},[50,64170,1191],{"class":371},[50,64172,155],{"class":64},[50,64174,1386],{"class":158},[50,64176,186],{"class":64},[50,64178,64179],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,64180,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,64182,64183,64185,64187,64189],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,64184,366],{"class":151},[50,64186,155],{"class":64},[50,64188,2989],{"class":158},[50,64190,186],{"class":64},[20,64192,189],{},[41,64194,64195],{"className":43,"code":26171,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,64196,64197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64198,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64200,4620],{"class":64},[50,64202,413],{"class":68},[50,64204,178],{"class":72},[50,64206,413],{"class":68},[50,64208,78],{"class":64},[50,64210,408],{"class":68},[50,64212,1303],{"class":72},[50,64214,413],{"class":68},[50,64216,98],{"class":64},[20,64218,64219,64220,64222],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64221,25474],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64224,64225,64226,838],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[335,64227,64229],{"href":64228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[36,64231,64233],{"id":64232},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64235,64236],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64238,61834],{},[233,64240,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251],{},[236,64242,6013],{},[236,64244,6016],{},[236,64246,6022],{},[236,64248,6019],{},[236,64250,63676],{},[236,64252,7964],{},[20,64254,64255],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[41,64257,64259],{"className":43,"code":64258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64260,64261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64262,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64276,64278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64264,366],{"class":151},[50,64266,155],{"class":64},[50,64268,372],{"class":371},[50,64270,155],{"class":64},[50,64272,69],{"class":68},[50,64274,64275],{"class":72},"hi",[50,64277,69],{"class":68},[50,64279,1077],{"class":64},[20,64281,189],{},[41,64283,64285],{"className":43,"code":64284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64286,64287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64288,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64290,4620],{"class":64},[50,64292,413],{"class":68},[50,64294,61117],{"class":72},[50,64296,413],{"class":68},[50,64298,78],{"class":64},[50,64300,408],{"class":68},[50,64302,36831],{"class":72},[50,64304,413],{"class":68},[50,64306,98],{"class":64},[20,64308,64309],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[41,64311,64313],{"className":43,"code":64312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64314,64315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64316,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64318,366],{"class":151},[50,64320,155],{"class":64},[50,64322,372],{"class":371},[50,64324,155],{"class":64},[50,64326,2859],{"class":111},[50,64328,1077],{"class":64},[20,64330,189],{},[41,64332,64334],{"className":43,"code":64333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64335,64336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64337,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64339,3727],{"class":371},[50,64341,1408],{"class":64},[50,64343,408],{"class":68},[50,64345,2911],{"class":72},[50,64347,413],{"class":68},[50,64349,25310],{"class":371},[50,64351,8808],{"class":60},[50,64353,8811],{"class":60},[50,64355,64356],{"class":56}," iterable\n",[20,64358,64359,64360,64362,64363,838],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[335,64361,1612],{"href":1611},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[335,64364,64365],{"href":53277},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,64367,64369],{"id":64368},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64371,64372,64373,64376],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64374,64375],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[41,64378,64380],{"className":43,"code":64379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64381,64382,64402,64416,64420,64430,64440],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64383,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64385,12790],{"class":56},[50,64387,61],{"class":60},[50,64389,65],{"class":64},[50,64391,309],{"class":111},[50,64393,78],{"class":64},[50,64395,314],{"class":111},[50,64397,78],{"class":64},[50,64399,319],{"class":111},[50,64401,98],{"class":64},[50,64403,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64405,15013],{"class":56},[50,64407,61],{"class":60},[50,64409,1191],{"class":371},[50,64411,155],{"class":64},[50,64413,12837],{"class":158},[50,64415,186],{"class":64},[50,64417,64418],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,64419,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,64421,64422,64424,64426,64428],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,64423,366],{"class":151},[50,64425,155],{"class":64},[50,64427,12837],{"class":158},[50,64429,186],{"class":64},[50,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,64433,366],{"class":151},[50,64435,155],{"class":64},[50,64437,15032],{"class":158},[50,64439,186],{"class":64},[50,64441,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,64443,366],{"class":151},[50,64445,155],{"class":64},[50,64447,12790],{"class":158},[50,64449,12898],{"class":137},[50,64451,15086],{"class":158},[50,64453,186],{"class":64},[20,64455,189],{},[41,64457,64459],{"className":43,"code":64458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64460,64461,64477,64493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64462,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64464,4620],{"class":64},[50,64466,309],{"class":111},[50,64468,78],{"class":64},[50,64470,314],{"class":111},[50,64472,78],{"class":64},[50,64474,319],{"class":111},[50,64476,98],{"class":64},[50,64478,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64480,4620],{"class":64},[50,64482,309],{"class":111},[50,64484,78],{"class":64},[50,64486,314],{"class":111},[50,64488,78],{"class":64},[50,64490,319],{"class":111},[50,64492,98],{"class":64},[50,64494,64495],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,64496,1967],{"class":1806},[20,64498,64499,64500,64502],{},"This means ",[15,64501,15032],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64504,64505,64506,64508],{},"However, this is only a ",[4465,64507,13554],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[41,64510,64512],{"className":43,"code":64511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64513,64514,64540,64554,64558,64576,64580,64590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64515,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64517,12790],{"class":56},[50,64519,61],{"class":60},[50,64521,56972],{"class":64},[50,64523,309],{"class":111},[50,64525,78],{"class":64},[50,64527,314],{"class":111},[50,64529,2191],{"class":64},[50,64531,65],{"class":64},[50,64533,437],{"class":111},[50,64535,78],{"class":64},[50,64537,3181],{"class":111},[50,64539,53920],{"class":64},[50,64541,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64543,15013],{"class":56},[50,64545,61],{"class":60},[50,64547,1191],{"class":371},[50,64549,155],{"class":64},[50,64551,12837],{"class":158},[50,64553,186],{"class":64},[50,64555,64556],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,64557,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,64559,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,64561,15032],{"class":56},[50,64563,4620],{"class":64},[50,64565,2842],{"class":111},[50,64567,14251],{"class":64},[50,64569,14254],{"class":158},[50,64571,155],{"class":64},[50,64573,57025],{"class":111},[50,64575,186],{"class":64},[50,64577,64578],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,64579,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,64581,64582,64584,64586,64588],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,64583,366],{"class":151},[50,64585,155],{"class":64},[50,64587,12837],{"class":158},[50,64589,186],{"class":64},[50,64591,64592,64594,64596,64598],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,64593,366],{"class":151},[50,64595,155],{"class":64},[50,64597,15032],{"class":158},[50,64599,186],{"class":64},[20,64601,189],{},[41,64603,64604],{"className":43,"code":57056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,64605,64606,64632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64607,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64609,57063],{"class":64},[50,64611,309],{"class":111},[50,64613,78],{"class":64},[50,64615,314],{"class":111},[50,64617,78],{"class":64},[50,64619,10898],{"class":111},[50,64621,2191],{"class":64},[50,64623,65],{"class":64},[50,64625,437],{"class":111},[50,64627,78],{"class":64},[50,64629,3181],{"class":111},[50,64631,53920],{"class":64},[50,64633,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64635,57063],{"class":64},[50,64637,309],{"class":111},[50,64639,78],{"class":64},[50,64641,314],{"class":111},[50,64643,78],{"class":64},[50,64645,10898],{"class":111},[50,64647,2191],{"class":64},[50,64649,65],{"class":64},[50,64651,437],{"class":111},[50,64653,78],{"class":64},[50,64655,3181],{"class":111},[50,64657,53920],{"class":64},[20,64659,64660],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64662,64663,64664,838],{},"For more on this, see ",[335,64665,14492],{"href":14491},[36,64667,64669],{"id":64668},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64671,64672,64673,838],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64674,25474],{},[1112,64676,64678],{"id":64677},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[41,64680,64682],{"className":43,"code":64681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64683,64684,64724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64685,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64687,13567],{"class":56},[50,64689,61],{"class":60},[50,64691,11191],{"class":64},[50,64693,69],{"class":68},[50,64695,178],{"class":72},[50,64697,69],{"class":68},[50,64699,1408],{"class":64},[50,64701,81],{"class":68},[50,64703,8634],{"class":72},[50,64705,69],{"class":68},[50,64707,78],{"class":64},[50,64709,81],{"class":68},[50,64711,20590],{"class":72},[50,64713,69],{"class":68},[50,64715,1408],{"class":64},[50,64717,81],{"class":68},[50,64719,522],{"class":72},[50,64721,69],{"class":68},[50,64723,1445],{"class":64},[50,64725,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64727,366],{"class":151},[50,64729,155],{"class":64},[50,64731,372],{"class":371},[50,64733,155],{"class":64},[50,64735,14327],{"class":158},[50,64737,1077],{"class":64},[20,64739,189],{},[41,64741,64743],{"className":43,"code":64742,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64744,64745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64746,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64748,4620],{"class":64},[50,64750,413],{"class":68},[50,64752,178],{"class":72},[50,64754,413],{"class":68},[50,64756,78],{"class":64},[50,64758,408],{"class":68},[50,64760,20590],{"class":72},[50,64762,413],{"class":68},[50,64764,98],{"class":64},[1112,64766,64768],{"id":64767},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[41,64770,64772],{"className":43,"code":64771,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64773,64774,64814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64775,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64777,13567],{"class":56},[50,64779,61],{"class":60},[50,64781,11191],{"class":64},[50,64783,69],{"class":68},[50,64785,178],{"class":72},[50,64787,69],{"class":68},[50,64789,1408],{"class":64},[50,64791,81],{"class":68},[50,64793,8634],{"class":72},[50,64795,69],{"class":68},[50,64797,78],{"class":64},[50,64799,81],{"class":68},[50,64801,20590],{"class":72},[50,64803,69],{"class":68},[50,64805,1408],{"class":64},[50,64807,81],{"class":68},[50,64809,522],{"class":72},[50,64811,69],{"class":68},[50,64813,1445],{"class":64},[50,64815,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64817,366],{"class":151},[50,64819,155],{"class":64},[50,64821,372],{"class":371},[50,64823,155],{"class":64},[50,64825,14327],{"class":158},[50,64827,838],{"class":64},[50,64829,6072],{"class":158},[50,64831,7003],{"class":64},[20,64833,189],{},[41,64835,64837],{"className":43,"code":64836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64838,64839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64840,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64842,4620],{"class":64},[50,64844,413],{"class":68},[50,64846,8634],{"class":72},[50,64848,413],{"class":68},[50,64850,78],{"class":64},[50,64852,408],{"class":68},[50,64854,522],{"class":72},[50,64856,413],{"class":68},[50,64858,98],{"class":64},[1112,64860,64862],{"id":64861},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[41,64864,64866],{"className":43,"code":64865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64867,64868,64908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64869,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64871,13567],{"class":56},[50,64873,61],{"class":60},[50,64875,11191],{"class":64},[50,64877,69],{"class":68},[50,64879,178],{"class":72},[50,64881,69],{"class":68},[50,64883,1408],{"class":64},[50,64885,81],{"class":68},[50,64887,8634],{"class":72},[50,64889,69],{"class":68},[50,64891,78],{"class":64},[50,64893,81],{"class":68},[50,64895,20590],{"class":72},[50,64897,69],{"class":68},[50,64899,1408],{"class":64},[50,64901,81],{"class":68},[50,64903,522],{"class":72},[50,64905,69],{"class":68},[50,64907,1445],{"class":64},[50,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,64911,366],{"class":151},[50,64913,155],{"class":64},[50,64915,372],{"class":371},[50,64917,155],{"class":64},[50,64919,14327],{"class":158},[50,64921,838],{"class":64},[50,64923,8522],{"class":158},[50,64925,7003],{"class":64},[20,64927,189],{},[41,64929,64931],{"className":43,"code":64930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64932,64933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64934,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64936,401],{"class":64},[50,64938,413],{"class":68},[50,64940,178],{"class":72},[50,64942,413],{"class":68},[50,64944,78],{"class":64},[50,64946,408],{"class":68},[50,64948,8634],{"class":72},[50,64950,413],{"class":68},[50,64952,416],{"class":64},[50,64954,419],{"class":64},[50,64956,413],{"class":68},[50,64958,20590],{"class":72},[50,64960,413],{"class":68},[50,64962,78],{"class":64},[50,64964,408],{"class":68},[50,64966,522],{"class":72},[50,64968,413],{"class":68},[50,64970,448],{"class":64},[20,64972,64973],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[36,64975,64977],{"id":64976},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64979,221,64980,11302],{},[15,64981,25474],{},[233,64983,64984,64992,65000],{},[236,64985,64986,64987,3602,64989],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64988,53330],{},[15,64990,64991],{},"sort()",[236,64993,64994,64995,3602,64997,64999],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64996,36875],{},[15,64998,17],{}," results into a visible list",[236,65001,65002],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,65004,46716,65005,1408],{},[15,65006,17],{},[41,65008,65010],{"className":43,"code":65009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,65011,65012,65036,65052,65056,65078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65013,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65015,57],{"class":56},[50,65017,61],{"class":60},[50,65019,65],{"class":64},[50,65021,69],{"class":68},[50,65023,73],{"class":72},[50,65025,69],{"class":68},[50,65027,78],{"class":64},[50,65029,81],{"class":68},[50,65031,84],{"class":72},[50,65033,69],{"class":68},[50,65035,98],{"class":64},[50,65037,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65039,104],{"class":56},[50,65041,61],{"class":60},[50,65043,65],{"class":64},[50,65045,112],{"class":111},[50,65047,78],{"class":64},[50,65049,117],{"class":111},[50,65051,98],{"class":64},[50,65053,65054],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,65055,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,65057,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,65059,1186],{"class":56},[50,65061,61],{"class":60},[50,65063,1191],{"class":371},[50,65065,155],{"class":64},[50,65067,269],{"class":151},[50,65069,155],{"class":64},[50,65071,159],{"class":158},[50,65073,78],{"class":64},[50,65075,164],{"class":158},[50,65077,1077],{"class":64},[50,65079,65080,65082,65084,65086],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,65081,366],{"class":151},[50,65083,155],{"class":64},[50,65085,1214],{"class":158},[50,65087,186],{"class":64},[20,65089,189],{},[41,65091,65093],{"className":43,"code":65092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,65094,65095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65096,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65098,401],{"class":64},[50,65100,413],{"class":68},[50,65102,73],{"class":72},[50,65104,413],{"class":68},[50,65106,78],{"class":64},[50,65108,597],{"class":111},[50,65110,416],{"class":64},[50,65112,419],{"class":64},[50,65114,413],{"class":68},[50,65116,84],{"class":72},[50,65118,413],{"class":68},[50,65120,78],{"class":64},[50,65122,117],{"class":111},[50,65124,448],{"class":64},[20,65126,65127,65128,65130,65131,838],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,65129,53330],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[335,65132,53727],{"href":53726},[36,65134,5238],{"id":5237},[20,65136,57454,65137,838],{},[15,65138,25474],{},[1112,65140,65142],{"id":65141},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,65144,5245],{},[41,65146,65148],{"className":43,"code":65147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,65149,65150,65154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65151,65152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65153,5255],{"class":4385},[50,65155,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65157,372],{"class":371},[50,65159,155],{"class":64},[50,65161,309],{"class":111},[50,65163,78],{"class":64},[50,65165,314],{"class":111},[50,65167,78],{"class":64},[50,65169,319],{"class":111},[50,65171,186],{"class":64},[20,65173,65174,65176],{},[15,65175,25474],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,65178,19393],{},[41,65180,65182],{"className":43,"code":65181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65183,65184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65185,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65187,366],{"class":151},[50,65189,155],{"class":64},[50,65191,372],{"class":371},[50,65193,6225],{"class":64},[50,65195,309],{"class":111},[50,65197,78],{"class":64},[50,65199,314],{"class":111},[50,65201,78],{"class":64},[50,65203,319],{"class":111},[50,65205,389],{"class":64},[1112,65207,65209,65210],{"id":65208},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[50,65211,65212],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65214,65215],{},"This is a common surprise:",[41,65217,65219],{"className":43,"code":65218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65220,65221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65222,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65224,366],{"class":151},[50,65226,155],{"class":64},[50,65228,372],{"class":371},[50,65230,155],{"class":64},[50,65232,69],{"class":68},[50,65234,4568],{"class":72},[50,65236,69],{"class":68},[50,65238,1077],{"class":64},[20,65240,189],{},[41,65242,65244],{"className":43,"code":65243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65245,65246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65247,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65249,4620],{"class":64},[50,65251,413],{"class":68},[50,65253,61117],{"class":72},[50,65255,413],{"class":68},[50,65257,78],{"class":64},[50,65259,408],{"class":68},[50,65261,61126],{"class":72},[50,65263,413],{"class":68},[50,65265,78],{"class":64},[50,65267,408],{"class":68},[50,65269,61135],{"class":72},[50,65271,413],{"class":68},[50,65273,78],{"class":64},[50,65275,408],{"class":68},[50,65277,61135],{"class":72},[50,65279,413],{"class":68},[50,65281,78],{"class":64},[50,65283,408],{"class":68},[50,65285,61152],{"class":72},[50,65287,413],{"class":68},[50,65289,98],{"class":64},[20,65291,65292],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65294,65295],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[41,65297,65299],{"className":43,"code":65298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65300,65301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65302,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65304,366],{"class":151},[50,65306,2182],{"class":64},[50,65308,69],{"class":68},[50,65310,4568],{"class":72},[50,65312,69],{"class":68},[50,65314,2210],{"class":64},[1112,65316,65318],{"id":65317},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65320,65321],{},"This:",[41,65323,65325],{"className":43,"code":65324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65326,65327,65359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65328,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65330,1818],{"class":56},[50,65332,61],{"class":60},[50,65334,11191],{"class":64},[50,65336,69],{"class":68},[50,65338,335],{"class":72},[50,65340,69],{"class":68},[50,65342,1408],{"class":64},[50,65344,6212],{"class":111},[50,65346,78],{"class":64},[50,65348,81],{"class":68},[50,65350,344],{"class":72},[50,65352,69],{"class":68},[50,65354,1408],{"class":64},[50,65356,314],{"class":111},[50,65358,1445],{"class":64},[50,65360,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65362,366],{"class":151},[50,65364,155],{"class":64},[50,65366,372],{"class":371},[50,65368,155],{"class":64},[50,65370,1845],{"class":158},[50,65372,1077],{"class":64},[20,65374,65375],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65377,221,65378,65381],{},[15,65379,65380],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1112,65383,65385],{"id":65384},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65387,65388,65390],{},[15,65389,25474],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65392,65393],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[36,65395,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,65397,5893,65399,65401],{"id":65398},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[50,65400],{}," and list()?",[20,65403,65404,65405,65407,65408,65410],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65406,4510],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65409,25474],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1112,65412,65414],{"id":65413},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65416,65417,65418,65420],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65419,25474],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1112,65422,65424],{"id":65423},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65426,65427],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1112,65429,65431],{"id":65430},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65433,65434],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1112,65436,65438],{"id":65437},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65440,65441,65442,65444],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65443,25474],{}," cannot loop through it.",[36,65446,2610],{"id":2609},[233,65448,65449,65453,65458,65462,65466,65470,65474,65479],{},[236,65450,65451],{},[335,65452,53449],{"href":51656},[236,65454,65455],{},[335,65456,65457],{"href":36872},"Python range() function explained",[236,65459,65460],{},[335,65461,63897],{"href":63896},[236,65463,65464],{},[335,65465,64229],{"href":64228},[236,65467,65468],{},[335,65469,2628],{"href":1611},[236,65471,65472],{},[335,65473,14492],{"href":14491},[236,65475,65476],{},[335,65477,65478],{"href":53277},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[236,65480,65481],{},[335,65482,54956],{"href":53726},[2640,65484,65485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":65487},[65488,65489,65490,65491,65492,65499,65500,65501,65506,65507,65514,65522],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":63599,"depth":101,"text":63600},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":60298,"depth":101,"text":60299},{"id":63827,"depth":101,"text":63828,"children":65493},[65494,65495,65496,65497,65498],{"id":63831,"depth":127,"text":63832},{"id":63900,"depth":127,"text":63901},{"id":63978,"depth":127,"text":63979},{"id":64053,"depth":127,"text":64054},{"id":64120,"depth":127,"text":64121},{"id":64232,"depth":101,"text":64233},{"id":64368,"depth":101,"text":64369},{"id":64668,"depth":101,"text":64669,"children":65502},[65503,65504,65505],{"id":64677,"depth":127,"text":64678},{"id":64767,"depth":127,"text":64768},{"id":64861,"depth":127,"text":64862},{"id":64976,"depth":101,"text":64977},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":65508},[65509,65510,65512,65513],{"id":65141,"depth":127,"text":65142},{"id":65208,"depth":127,"text":65511},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65317,"depth":127,"text":65318},{"id":65384,"depth":127,"text":65385},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":65515},[65516,65518,65519,65520,65521],{"id":65398,"depth":127,"text":65517},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65413,"depth":127,"text":65414},{"id":65423,"depth":127,"text":65424},{"id":65430,"depth":127,"text":65431},{"id":65437,"depth":127,"text":65438},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63433,"description":65523},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65530,"title":65531,"body":65532,"description":66883,"extension":2687,"meta":66884,"navigation":130,"path":66885,"seo":66886,"stem":66887,"__hash__":66888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65533,"toc":66857},[65534,65539,65545,65554,65556,65629,65638,65643,65647,65663,65667,65669,65671,65690,65693,65721,65724,65749,65757,65759,65764,65771,65773,65830,65832,65840,65846,65850,65853,65926,65928,65936,65939,65962,65969,65975,65979,65985,66056,66058,66066,66075,66082,66089,66097,66241,66243,66260,66263,66302,66305,66309,66314,66316,66375,66381,66384,66491,66493,66508,66511,66518,66520,66524,66672,66675,66736,66739,66742,66763,66768,66772,66783,66786,66788,66793,66796,66804,66809,66815,66818,66824,66832,66834,66854],[10,65535,55020,65537,12024],{"id":65536},"python-list-index-method",[15,65538,59646],{},[20,65540,65541,65544],{},[15,65542,65543],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65546,65547,65548,65551,65552,838],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[4465,65549,65550],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65553,41381],{},[36,65555,4331],{"id":4330},[41,65557,65559],{"className":43,"code":65558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65560,65561,65593,65616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65562,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65564,8493],{"class":56},[50,65566,61],{"class":60},[50,65568,65],{"class":64},[50,65570,69],{"class":68},[50,65572,4797],{"class":72},[50,65574,69],{"class":68},[50,65576,78],{"class":64},[50,65578,81],{"class":68},[50,65580,4806],{"class":72},[50,65582,69],{"class":68},[50,65584,78],{"class":64},[50,65586,81],{"class":68},[50,65588,4815],{"class":72},[50,65590,69],{"class":68},[50,65592,98],{"class":64},[50,65594,65595,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65596,65597],{"class":56},"position ",[50,65599,61],{"class":60},[50,65601,6678],{"class":56},[50,65603,838],{"class":64},[50,65605,2536],{"class":158},[50,65607,155],{"class":64},[50,65609,69],{"class":68},[50,65611,4806],{"class":72},[50,65613,69],{"class":68},[50,65615,186],{"class":64},[50,65617,65618,65620,65622,65625,65627],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,65619,366],{"class":151},[50,65621,155],{"class":64},[50,65623,65624],{"class":158},"position",[50,65626,4382],{"class":64},[50,65628,28470],{"class":4385},[20,65630,221,65631,65634,65635,65637],{},[15,65632,65633],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65636,41381],{}," if the item is not found.",[36,65639,228,65641,231],{"id":65640},"what-listindex-does",[15,65642,65543],{},[20,65644,65645,1408],{},[15,65646,65543],{},[233,65648,65649,65652,65655,65660],{},[236,65650,65651],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[236,65653,65654],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[236,65656,65657,65658],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65659,2842],{},[236,65661,65662],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65664,55245,65665,838],{},[335,65666,53449],{"href":55248},[36,65668,256],{"id":255},[20,65670,31414],{},[41,65672,65674],{"className":43,"code":65673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65675,65676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65677,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65679,9051],{"class":56},[50,65681,838],{"class":64},[50,65683,2536],{"class":158},[50,65685,155],{"class":64},[50,65687,3197],{"class":158},[50,65689,186],{"class":64},[20,65691,65692],{},"You can also limit the search:",[41,65694,65696],{"className":43,"code":65695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65697,65698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65699,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65701,9051],{"class":56},[50,65703,838],{"class":64},[50,65705,2536],{"class":158},[50,65707,155],{"class":64},[50,65709,3197],{"class":158},[50,65711,78],{"class":64},[50,65713,36729],{"class":158},[50,65715,78],{"class":64},[50,65717,65718],{"class":158}," end",[50,65720,186],{"class":64},[20,65722,65723],{},"Here is what each part means:",[233,65725,65726,65731,65736,65741],{},[236,65727,65728,65730],{},[15,65729,3197],{},": the item to search for",[236,65732,65733,65735],{},[15,65734,36750],{},": where the search begins",[236,65737,65738,65740],{},[15,65739,53338],{},": where the search stops",[236,65742,65743,5503,65745,65748],{},[15,65744,53338],{},[4465,65746,65747],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65750,65751,65752,65754,65755,838],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65753,36750],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65756,53338],{},[36,65758,38698],{"id":38697},[20,65760,65761,65763],{},[15,65762,65543],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65765,65766,65767,65770],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[4465,65768,65769],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65772,2931],{},[41,65774,65776],{"className":43,"code":65775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65777,65778,65798,65816,65820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65779,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65781,302],{"class":56},[50,65783,61],{"class":60},[50,65785,65],{"class":64},[50,65787,1868],{"class":111},[50,65789,78],{"class":64},[50,65791,1873],{"class":111},[50,65793,78],{"class":64},[50,65795,1878],{"class":111},[50,65797,98],{"class":64},[50,65799,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65801,2954],{"class":56},[50,65803,61],{"class":60},[50,65805,4982],{"class":56},[50,65807,838],{"class":64},[50,65809,2536],{"class":158},[50,65811,155],{"class":64},[50,65813,16457],{"class":111},[50,65815,186],{"class":64},[50,65817,65818],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,65819,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,65821,65822,65824,65826,65828],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,65823,366],{"class":151},[50,65825,155],{"class":64},[50,65827,2989],{"class":158},[50,65829,186],{"class":64},[20,65831,189],{},[41,65833,65834],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65835,65836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65837,65838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65839,47592],{"class":111},[20,65841,65842,65843,65845],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65844,59646],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[36,65847,65849],{"id":65848},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65851,65852],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[41,65854,65856],{"className":43,"code":65855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65857,65858,65890,65912,65916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65859,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65861,36916],{"class":56},[50,65863,61],{"class":60},[50,65865,65],{"class":64},[50,65867,69],{"class":68},[50,65869,4797],{"class":72},[50,65871,69],{"class":68},[50,65873,78],{"class":64},[50,65875,81],{"class":68},[50,65877,4806],{"class":72},[50,65879,69],{"class":68},[50,65881,78],{"class":64},[50,65883,81],{"class":68},[50,65885,4815],{"class":72},[50,65887,69],{"class":68},[50,65889,98],{"class":64},[50,65891,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,65893,65597],{"class":56},[50,65895,61],{"class":60},[50,65897,53529],{"class":56},[50,65899,838],{"class":64},[50,65901,2536],{"class":158},[50,65903,155],{"class":64},[50,65905,69],{"class":68},[50,65907,4815],{"class":72},[50,65909,69],{"class":68},[50,65911,186],{"class":64},[50,65913,65914],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,65915,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,65917,65918,65920,65922,65924],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,65919,366],{"class":151},[50,65921,155],{"class":64},[50,65923,65624],{"class":158},[50,65925,186],{"class":64},[20,65927,189],{},[41,65929,65930],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65931,65932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65933,65934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65935,17756],{"class":111},[20,65937,65938],{},"In this list:",[233,65940,65941,65948,65955],{},[236,65942,65943,65945,65946],{},[15,65944,58511],{}," is at index ",[15,65947,2842],{},[236,65949,65950,65945,65953],{},[15,65951,65952],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65954,309],{},[236,65956,65957,65945,65960],{},[15,65958,65959],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65961,422],{},[20,65963,54331,65964,3121,65967,838],{},[15,65965,65966],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65968,422],{},[20,65970,52220,65971,838],{},[335,65972,65974],{"href":65973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[36,65976,65978],{"id":65977},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65980,65981,65982,65984],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65983,59646],{}," returns the first match only.",[41,65986,65988],{"className":43,"code":65987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65989,65990,66030,66034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65991,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65993,13779],{"class":56},[50,65995,61],{"class":60},[50,65997,65],{"class":64},[50,65999,69],{"class":68},[50,66001,13796],{"class":72},[50,66003,69],{"class":68},[50,66005,78],{"class":64},[50,66007,81],{"class":68},[50,66009,13813],{"class":72},[50,66011,69],{"class":68},[50,66013,78],{"class":64},[50,66015,81],{"class":68},[50,66017,13796],{"class":72},[50,66019,69],{"class":68},[50,66021,78],{"class":64},[50,66023,81],{"class":68},[50,66025,18154],{"class":72},[50,66027,69],{"class":68},[50,66029,98],{"class":64},[50,66031,66032],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66033,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,66035,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66037,366],{"class":151},[50,66039,155],{"class":64},[50,66041,18201],{"class":158},[50,66043,838],{"class":64},[50,66045,2536],{"class":158},[50,66047,155],{"class":64},[50,66049,69],{"class":68},[50,66051,13796],{"class":72},[50,66053,69],{"class":68},[50,66055,1077],{"class":64},[20,66057,189],{},[41,66059,66060],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66061,66062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66063,66064],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66065,47927],{"class":111},[20,66067,21676,66068,66071,66072,66074],{},[15,66069,66070],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,66073,2842],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,66076,66077,66078,838],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[335,66079,56198,66080,11442],{"href":59705},[15,66081,57968],{},[36,66083,2447,66085,827,66087],{"id":66084},"using-start-and-end",[15,66086,36750],{},[15,66088,53338],{},[20,66090,66091,66092,827,66094,66096],{},"The optional ",[15,66093,36750],{},[15,66095,53338],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[41,66098,66100],{"className":43,"code":66099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,66101,66102,66150,66154,66179,66208],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66103,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66105,326],{"class":56},[50,66107,61],{"class":60},[50,66109,65],{"class":64},[50,66111,69],{"class":68},[50,66113,335],{"class":72},[50,66115,69],{"class":68},[50,66117,78],{"class":64},[50,66119,81],{"class":68},[50,66121,344],{"class":72},[50,66123,69],{"class":68},[50,66125,78],{"class":64},[50,66127,81],{"class":68},[50,66129,353],{"class":72},[50,66131,69],{"class":68},[50,66133,78],{"class":64},[50,66135,81],{"class":68},[50,66137,344],{"class":72},[50,66139,69],{"class":68},[50,66141,78],{"class":64},[50,66143,81],{"class":68},[50,66145,19466],{"class":72},[50,66147,69],{"class":68},[50,66149,98],{"class":64},[50,66151,66152],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66153,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,66155,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66157,366],{"class":151},[50,66159,155],{"class":64},[50,66161,36820],{"class":158},[50,66163,838],{"class":64},[50,66165,2536],{"class":158},[50,66167,155],{"class":64},[50,66169,69],{"class":68},[50,66171,344],{"class":72},[50,66173,69],{"class":68},[50,66175,6075],{"class":64},[50,66177,66178],{"class":4385},"        # first match\n",[50,66180,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,66182,366],{"class":151},[50,66184,155],{"class":64},[50,66186,36820],{"class":158},[50,66188,838],{"class":64},[50,66190,2536],{"class":158},[50,66192,155],{"class":64},[50,66194,69],{"class":68},[50,66196,344],{"class":72},[50,66198,69],{"class":68},[50,66200,78],{"class":64},[50,66202,314],{"class":111},[50,66204,6075],{"class":64},[50,66206,66207],{"class":4385},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[50,66209,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,66211,366],{"class":151},[50,66213,155],{"class":64},[50,66215,36820],{"class":158},[50,66217,838],{"class":64},[50,66219,2536],{"class":158},[50,66221,155],{"class":64},[50,66223,69],{"class":68},[50,66225,344],{"class":72},[50,66227,69],{"class":68},[50,66229,78],{"class":64},[50,66231,6212],{"class":111},[50,66233,78],{"class":64},[50,66235,3181],{"class":111},[50,66237,6075],{"class":64},[50,66239,66240],{"class":4385},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66242,189],{},[41,66244,66246],{"className":43,"code":66245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66247,66248,66252,66256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66249,66250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66251,47592],{"class":111},[50,66253,66254],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66255,47292],{"class":111},[50,66257,66258],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66259,47592],{"class":111},[20,66261,66262],{},"How this works:",[233,66264,66265,66277,66290],{},[236,66266,66267,66270,66271,66274,66275],{},[15,66268,66269],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66272,66273],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66276,309],{},[236,66278,66279,66282,66283,66285,66286,66274,66288],{},[15,66280,66281],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66284,422],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66287,66273],{},[15,66289,437],{},[236,66291,66292,66295,66296,2912,66298,17772,66300],{},[15,66293,66294],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66297,309],{},[15,66299,422],{},[15,66301,437],{},[20,66303,66304],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[36,66306,66308],{"id":66307},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66310,66311,66312,838],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66313,41381],{},[20,66315,2931],{},[41,66317,66319],{"className":43,"code":66318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66320,66321,66353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66322,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66324,8493],{"class":56},[50,66326,61],{"class":60},[50,66328,65],{"class":64},[50,66330,69],{"class":68},[50,66332,4797],{"class":72},[50,66334,69],{"class":68},[50,66336,78],{"class":64},[50,66338,81],{"class":68},[50,66340,4806],{"class":72},[50,66342,69],{"class":68},[50,66344,78],{"class":64},[50,66346,81],{"class":68},[50,66348,4815],{"class":72},[50,66350,69],{"class":68},[50,66352,98],{"class":64},[50,66354,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66356,366],{"class":151},[50,66358,155],{"class":64},[50,66360,8522],{"class":158},[50,66362,838],{"class":64},[50,66364,2536],{"class":158},[50,66366,155],{"class":64},[50,66368,69],{"class":68},[50,66370,33905],{"class":72},[50,66372,69],{"class":68},[50,66374,1077],{"class":64},[20,66376,40330,66377,66380],{},[15,66378,66379],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66382,66383],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[41,66385,66387],{"className":43,"code":66386,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66388,66389,66421,66434,66438,66451,66470,66476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66390,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66392,8493],{"class":56},[50,66394,61],{"class":60},[50,66396,65],{"class":64},[50,66398,69],{"class":68},[50,66400,4797],{"class":72},[50,66402,69],{"class":68},[50,66404,78],{"class":64},[50,66406,81],{"class":68},[50,66408,4806],{"class":72},[50,66410,69],{"class":68},[50,66412,78],{"class":64},[50,66414,81],{"class":68},[50,66416,4815],{"class":72},[50,66418,69],{"class":68},[50,66420,98],{"class":64},[50,66422,66423,66426,66428,66430,66432],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66424,66425],{"class":56},"search_value ",[50,66427,61],{"class":60},[50,66429,81],{"class":68},[50,66431,33905],{"class":72},[50,66433,4082],{"class":68},[50,66435,66436],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66437,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,66439,66440,66442,66445,66447,66449],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,66441,7711],{"class":137},[50,66443,66444],{"class":56}," search_value ",[50,66446,148],{"class":60},[50,66448,6678],{"class":56},[50,66450,2229],{"class":64},[50,66452,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66468],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,66454,173],{"class":151},[50,66456,155],{"class":64},[50,66458,8522],{"class":158},[50,66460,838],{"class":64},[50,66462,2536],{"class":158},[50,66464,155],{"class":64},[50,66466,66467],{"class":158},"search_value",[50,66469,1077],{"class":64},[50,66471,66472,66474],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,66473,28124],{"class":137},[50,66475,2229],{"class":64},[50,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484,66487,66489],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,66479,173],{"class":151},[50,66481,155],{"class":64},[50,66483,69],{"class":68},[50,66485,66486],{"class":72},"Item not found",[50,66488,69],{"class":68},[50,66490,186],{"class":64},[20,66492,189],{},[41,66494,66496],{"className":43,"code":66495,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Item not found\n",[15,66497,66498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66499,66500,66503,66505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66501,66502],{"class":56},"Item ",[50,66504,5351],{"class":60},[50,66506,66507],{"class":56}," found\n",[20,66509,66510],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66512,66513,66514,838],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[335,66515,66517],{"href":66516},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[36,66519,5238],{"id":5237},[20,66521,21910,66522,1408],{},[15,66523,65543],{},[233,66525,66526,66544,66556,66616],{},[236,66527,26465,66528,3121,66530,66533,66534,66536,66537,5874,66539,66541,66542,838],{},[15,66529,59646],{},[15,66531,66532],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10547,66535],{},"\nPython does ",[4465,66538,5351],{},[15,66540,66532],{},". It raises ",[15,66543,41381],{},[236,66545,66546,66547,66549,66552,66553,66555],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10547,66548],{},[15,66550,66551],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66554,65952],{},", not the value itself.",[236,66557,2447,66558,11794,66561,66563,66565,66566,17356,66568,66591,17344,66593],{},[15,66559,66560],{},"index[]",[15,66562,59646],{},[10547,66564],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10547,66567],{},[41,66569,66571],{"className":43,"code":66570,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66572,66573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66574,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66576,8522],{"class":56},[50,66578,838],{"class":64},[50,66580,2536],{"class":158},[50,66582,155],{"class":64},[50,66584,69],{"class":68},[50,66586,4806],{"class":72},[50,66588,69],{"class":68},[50,66590,186],{"class":64},[10547,66592],{},[41,66594,66596],{"className":43,"code":66595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66597,66598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66601,8522],{"class":56},[50,66603,838],{"class":64},[50,66605,2536],{"class":25443},[50,66607,4620],{"class":64},[50,66609,69],{"class":68},[50,66611,4806],{"class":72},[50,66613,69],{"class":68},[50,66615,98],{"class":64},[236,66617,66618,66619,66621,827,66624,66626,66627],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10547,66620],{},[15,66622,66623],{},"\"3\"",[15,66625,437],{}," are different values in Python.",[41,66628,66630],{"className":43,"code":66629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66631,66632,66652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66633,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66635,302],{"class":56},[50,66637,61],{"class":60},[50,66639,65],{"class":64},[50,66641,309],{"class":111},[50,66643,78],{"class":64},[50,66645,314],{"class":111},[50,66647,78],{"class":64},[50,66649,319],{"class":111},[50,66651,98],{"class":64},[50,66653,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66655,366],{"class":151},[50,66657,155],{"class":64},[50,66659,69],{"class":68},[50,66661,437],{"class":72},[50,66663,69],{"class":68},[50,66665,21872],{"class":137},[50,66667,4982],{"class":158},[50,66669,4382],{"class":64},[50,66671,5491],{"class":4385},[20,66673,66674],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,66676,66678],{"className":43,"code":66677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66679,66680,66690,66704,66718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66681,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66683,366],{"class":151},[50,66685,155],{"class":64},[50,66687,9051],{"class":158},[50,66689,186],{"class":64},[50,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66693,366],{"class":151},[50,66695,155],{"class":64},[50,66697,3945],{"class":371},[50,66699,155],{"class":64},[50,66701,66467],{"class":158},[50,66703,1077],{"class":64},[50,66705,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66707,366],{"class":151},[50,66709,155],{"class":64},[50,66711,66425],{"class":158},[50,66713,148],{"class":137},[50,66715,9107],{"class":158},[50,66717,186],{"class":64},[50,66719,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,66721,366],{"class":151},[50,66723,155],{"class":64},[50,66725,9051],{"class":158},[50,66727,838],{"class":64},[50,66729,2536],{"class":158},[50,66731,155],{"class":64},[50,66733,66467],{"class":158},[50,66735,1077],{"class":64},[20,66737,66738],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66740,66741],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[233,66743,66744,66747,66754,66760],{},[236,66745,66746],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[236,66748,66749,66750,11794,66752],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66751,66623],{},[15,66753,437],{},[236,66755,66756,66757,66759],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66758,59646],{}," returns only the first one",[236,66761,66762],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[36,66764,5681,66766],{"id":66765},"when-to-use-index",[15,66767,59646],{},[20,66769,221,66770,11302],{},[15,66771,59646],{},[233,66773,66774,66777,66780],{},[236,66775,66776],{},"You need the position of a known value",[236,66778,66779],{},"You are working with a small list",[236,66781,66782],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66784,66785],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[36,66787,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,66789,2559,66791,2562],{"id":66790},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66792,65543],{},[20,66794,66795],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1112,66797,2569,66799,5874,66801,66803],{"id":66798},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66800,65543],{},[15,66802,66532],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66805,66806,66807,7344],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66808,41381],{},[1112,66810,5883,66812,66814],{"id":66811},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66813,65543],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66816,66817],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1112,66819,66821,66822,2582],{"id":66820},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66823,59646],{},[20,66825,66826,66827,827,66829,66831],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66828,36750],{},[15,66830,53338],{}," arguments.",[36,66833,2610],{"id":2609},[233,66835,66836,66840,66844,66848],{},[236,66837,66838],{},[335,66839,59634],{"href":65973},[236,66841,66842],{},[335,66843,53449],{"href":55248},[236,66845,66846],{},[335,66847,66517],{"href":66516},[236,66849,66850],{},[335,66851,56198,66852,11442],{"href":59705},[15,66853,57968],{},[2640,66855,66856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":66858},[66859,66860,66862,66863,66864,66865,66866,66868,66869,66870,66872,66882],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":65640,"depth":101,"text":66861},"What list.index() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698},{"id":65848,"depth":101,"text":65849},{"id":65977,"depth":101,"text":65978},{"id":66084,"depth":101,"text":66867},"Using start and end",{"id":66307,"depth":101,"text":66308},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238},{"id":66765,"depth":101,"text":66871},"When to use index()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":66873},[66874,66876,66878,66880],{"id":66790,"depth":127,"text":66875},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66798,"depth":127,"text":66877},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66811,"depth":127,"text":66879},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66820,"depth":127,"text":66881},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65531,"description":66883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66890,"title":66891,"body":66892,"description":68834,"extension":2687,"meta":68835,"navigation":130,"path":68836,"seo":68837,"stem":68838,"__hash__":68839},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66893,"toc":68794},[66894,66899,66904,66907,66916,66973,66979,66984,66988,67002,67008,67010,67033,67050,67052,67113,67115,67147,67160,67162,67165,67265,67267,67345,67351,67355,67363,67367,67373,67428,67430,67454,67458,67461,67514,67516,67540,67544,67547,67600,67602,67626,67630,67636,67707,67709,67750,67756,67763,67766,67771,67779,67784,67792,67794,67891,67893,67962,67969,67974,67976,67980,67985,67987,68058,68060,68089,68095,68097,68124,68127,68150,68154,68157,68179,68182,68205,68207,68267,68269,68301,68307,68312,68365,68367,68392,68395,68444,68446,68467,68471,68476,68479,68534,68536,68563,68570,68574,68579,68650,68653,68667,68672,68677,68679,68693,68705,68710,68712,68717,68722,68726,68729,68735,68741,68748,68756,68758,68791],[10,66895,55020,66897,12024],{"id":66896},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66898,54946],{},[20,66900,66901,66903],{},[15,66902,54589],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66905,66906],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66908,221,66909,66911,66912,838],{},[15,66910,54946],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[335,66913,56198,66914,11442],{"href":57447},[15,66915,53330],{},[41,66917,66919],{"className":43,"code":66918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66920,66921,66941,66959,66969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66922,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66924,302],{"class":56},[50,66926,61],{"class":60},[50,66928,65],{"class":64},[50,66930,309],{"class":111},[50,66932,78],{"class":64},[50,66934,314],{"class":111},[50,66936,78],{"class":64},[50,66938,3181],{"class":111},[50,66940,98],{"class":64},[50,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,66944,381],{"class":56},[50,66946,838],{"class":64},[50,66948,54629],{"class":158},[50,66950,155],{"class":64},[50,66952,422],{"class":111},[50,66954,78],{"class":64},[50,66956,319],{"class":111},[50,66958,186],{"class":64},[50,66960,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,66962,366],{"class":151},[50,66964,155],{"class":64},[50,66966,381],{"class":158},[50,66968,186],{"class":64},[50,66970,66971],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,66972,53401],{"class":4385},[20,66974,221,66975,66978],{},[15,66976,66977],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[36,66980,228,66982,231],{"id":66981},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66983,54589],{},[20,66985,66986,1408],{},[15,66987,54589],{},[233,66989,66990,66993,66996,66998],{},[236,66991,66992],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[236,66994,66995],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[236,66997,55106],{},[236,66999,12126,67000],{},[15,67001,4501],{},[20,67003,67004,67005,67007],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,67006,54946],{}," does not create a new list.",[36,67009,6145],{"id":6144},[41,67011,67013],{"className":43,"code":67012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,67014,67015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67016,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67018,9051],{"class":56},[50,67020,838],{"class":64},[50,67022,54629],{"class":158},[50,67024,155],{"class":64},[50,67026,2536],{"class":158},[50,67028,78],{"class":64},[50,67030,30196],{"class":158},[50,67032,186],{"class":64},[233,67034,67035,67040,67045],{},[236,67036,67037,67039],{},[15,67038,2536],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[236,67041,67042,67044],{},[15,67043,2238],{}," is the value to add",[236,67046,67047,67048],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,67049,2842],{},[20,67051,2931],{},[41,67053,67055],{"className":43,"code":67054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67056,67057,67081,67103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67058,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67060,326],{"class":56},[50,67062,61],{"class":60},[50,67064,65],{"class":64},[50,67066,69],{"class":68},[50,67068,335],{"class":72},[50,67070,69],{"class":68},[50,67072,78],{"class":64},[50,67074,81],{"class":68},[50,67076,353],{"class":72},[50,67078,69],{"class":68},[50,67080,98],{"class":64},[50,67082,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67084,36820],{"class":56},[50,67086,838],{"class":64},[50,67088,54629],{"class":158},[50,67090,155],{"class":64},[50,67092,309],{"class":111},[50,67094,78],{"class":64},[50,67096,81],{"class":68},[50,67098,344],{"class":72},[50,67100,69],{"class":68},[50,67102,186],{"class":64},[50,67104,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67106,366],{"class":151},[50,67108,155],{"class":64},[50,67110,36820],{"class":158},[50,67112,186],{"class":64},[20,67114,189],{},[41,67116,67117],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67118,67119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67120,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67122,4620],{"class":64},[50,67124,413],{"class":68},[50,67126,335],{"class":72},[50,67128,413],{"class":68},[50,67130,78],{"class":64},[50,67132,408],{"class":68},[50,67134,344],{"class":72},[50,67136,413],{"class":68},[50,67138,78],{"class":64},[50,67140,408],{"class":68},[50,67142,353],{"class":72},[50,67144,413],{"class":68},[50,67146,98],{"class":64},[20,67148,21469,67149,67151,67152,67154,67155,827,67157,838],{},[15,67150,66273],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,67153,309],{},", so it appears between ",[15,67156,18794],{},[15,67158,67159],{},"\"c\"",[36,67161,6501],{"id":6500},[20,67163,67164],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[41,67166,67168],{"className":43,"code":67167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,67169,67170,67202,67220,67224,67246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67173,13779],{"class":56},[50,67175,61],{"class":60},[50,67177,65],{"class":64},[50,67179,69],{"class":68},[50,67181,13796],{"class":72},[50,67183,69],{"class":68},[50,67185,78],{"class":64},[50,67187,81],{"class":68},[50,67189,13813],{"class":72},[50,67191,69],{"class":68},[50,67193,78],{"class":64},[50,67195,81],{"class":68},[50,67197,18154],{"class":72},[50,67199,69],{"class":68},[50,67201,98],{"class":64},[50,67203,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67205,366],{"class":151},[50,67207,155],{"class":64},[50,67209,69],{"class":68},[50,67211,12267],{"class":72},[50,67213,69],{"class":68},[50,67215,78],{"class":64},[50,67217,13827],{"class":158},[50,67219,186],{"class":64},[50,67221,67222],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67223,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,67225,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,67227,18201],{"class":56},[50,67229,838],{"class":64},[50,67231,54629],{"class":158},[50,67233,155],{"class":64},[50,67235,309],{"class":111},[50,67237,78],{"class":64},[50,67239,81],{"class":68},[50,67241,23218],{"class":72},[50,67243,69],{"class":68},[50,67245,186],{"class":64},[50,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,67249,366],{"class":151},[50,67251,155],{"class":64},[50,67253,69],{"class":68},[50,67255,67256],{"class":72},"After: ",[50,67258,69],{"class":68},[50,67260,78],{"class":64},[50,67262,13827],{"class":158},[50,67264,186],{"class":64},[20,67266,189],{},[41,67268,67270],{"className":43,"code":67269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67271,67272,67304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67273,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67275,12327],{"class":56},[50,67277,1408],{"class":64},[50,67279,65],{"class":64},[50,67281,413],{"class":68},[50,67283,13796],{"class":72},[50,67285,413],{"class":68},[50,67287,78],{"class":64},[50,67289,408],{"class":68},[50,67291,13813],{"class":72},[50,67293,413],{"class":68},[50,67295,78],{"class":64},[50,67297,408],{"class":68},[50,67299,18154],{"class":72},[50,67301,413],{"class":68},[50,67303,98],{"class":64},[50,67305,67306,67308,67310,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67307,12380],{"class":56},[50,67309,1408],{"class":64},[50,67311,67312],{"class":64},"  [",[50,67314,413],{"class":68},[50,67316,13796],{"class":72},[50,67318,413],{"class":68},[50,67320,78],{"class":64},[50,67322,408],{"class":68},[50,67324,23218],{"class":72},[50,67326,413],{"class":68},[50,67328,78],{"class":64},[50,67330,408],{"class":68},[50,67332,13813],{"class":72},[50,67334,413],{"class":68},[50,67336,78],{"class":64},[50,67338,408],{"class":68},[50,67340,18154],{"class":72},[50,67342,413],{"class":68},[50,67344,98],{"class":64},[20,67346,67347,67348,67350],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67349,309],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[36,67352,67354],{"id":67353},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67356,2704,67357,36015,67359,67362],{},[15,67358,2536],{},[15,67360,67361],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1112,67364,67366],{"id":67365},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67368,67369,67370,67372],{},"Use index ",[15,67371,2842],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[41,67374,67376],{"className":43,"code":67375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67377,67378,67399,67418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67379,67380,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67381,67382],{"class":56},"nums ",[50,67384,61],{"class":60},[50,67386,65],{"class":64},[50,67388,422],{"class":111},[50,67390,78],{"class":64},[50,67392,319],{"class":111},[50,67394,78],{"class":64},[50,67396,3181],{"class":111},[50,67398,98],{"class":64},[50,67400,67401,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67402,67403],{"class":56},"nums",[50,67405,838],{"class":64},[50,67407,54629],{"class":158},[50,67409,155],{"class":64},[50,67411,2842],{"class":111},[50,67413,78],{"class":64},[50,67415,6212],{"class":111},[50,67417,186],{"class":64},[50,67419,67420,67422,67424,67426],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67421,366],{"class":151},[50,67423,155],{"class":64},[50,67425,67403],{"class":158},[50,67427,186],{"class":64},[20,67429,189],{},[41,67431,67432],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67433,67434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67435,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67437,4620],{"class":64},[50,67439,309],{"class":111},[50,67441,78],{"class":64},[50,67443,314],{"class":111},[50,67445,78],{"class":64},[50,67447,319],{"class":111},[50,67449,78],{"class":64},[50,67451,3181],{"class":111},[50,67453,98],{"class":64},[1112,67455,67457],{"id":67456},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67459,67460],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[41,67462,67464],{"className":43,"code":67463,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67465,67466,67486,67504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67467,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67469,67382],{"class":56},[50,67471,61],{"class":60},[50,67473,65],{"class":64},[50,67475,309],{"class":111},[50,67477,78],{"class":64},[50,67479,314],{"class":111},[50,67481,78],{"class":64},[50,67483,3181],{"class":111},[50,67485,98],{"class":64},[50,67487,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67489,67403],{"class":56},[50,67491,838],{"class":64},[50,67493,54629],{"class":158},[50,67495,155],{"class":64},[50,67497,422],{"class":111},[50,67499,78],{"class":64},[50,67501,319],{"class":111},[50,67503,186],{"class":64},[50,67505,67506,67508,67510,67512],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67507,366],{"class":151},[50,67509,155],{"class":64},[50,67511,67403],{"class":158},[50,67513,186],{"class":64},[20,67515,189],{},[41,67517,67518],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67519,67520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67521,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67523,4620],{"class":64},[50,67525,309],{"class":111},[50,67527,78],{"class":64},[50,67529,314],{"class":111},[50,67531,78],{"class":64},[50,67533,319],{"class":111},[50,67535,78],{"class":64},[50,67537,3181],{"class":111},[50,67539,98],{"class":64},[1112,67541,67543],{"id":67542},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67545,67546],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[41,67548,67550],{"className":43,"code":67549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67551,67552,67572,67590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67555,67382],{"class":56},[50,67557,61],{"class":60},[50,67559,65],{"class":64},[50,67561,309],{"class":111},[50,67563,78],{"class":64},[50,67565,314],{"class":111},[50,67567,78],{"class":64},[50,67569,319],{"class":111},[50,67571,98],{"class":64},[50,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67575,67403],{"class":56},[50,67577,838],{"class":64},[50,67579,54629],{"class":158},[50,67581,155],{"class":64},[50,67583,1868],{"class":111},[50,67585,78],{"class":64},[50,67587,3181],{"class":111},[50,67589,186],{"class":64},[50,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67593,366],{"class":151},[50,67595,155],{"class":64},[50,67597,67403],{"class":158},[50,67599,186],{"class":64},[20,67601,189],{},[41,67603,67604],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67605,67606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67609,4620],{"class":64},[50,67611,309],{"class":111},[50,67613,78],{"class":64},[50,67615,314],{"class":111},[50,67617,78],{"class":64},[50,67619,319],{"class":111},[50,67621,78],{"class":64},[50,67623,3181],{"class":111},[50,67625,98],{"class":64},[1112,67627,67629],{"id":67628},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67631,67632,67633,67635],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67634,54946],{}," places the item before that position.",[41,67637,67639],{"className":43,"code":67638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67640,67641,67673,67697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67642,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67644,326],{"class":56},[50,67646,61],{"class":60},[50,67648,65],{"class":64},[50,67650,69],{"class":68},[50,67652,335],{"class":72},[50,67654,69],{"class":68},[50,67656,78],{"class":64},[50,67658,81],{"class":68},[50,67660,344],{"class":72},[50,67662,69],{"class":68},[50,67664,78],{"class":64},[50,67666,81],{"class":68},[50,67668,19466],{"class":72},[50,67670,69],{"class":68},[50,67672,98],{"class":64},[50,67674,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67676,36820],{"class":56},[50,67678,838],{"class":64},[50,67680,54629],{"class":158},[50,67682,155],{"class":64},[50,67684,2746],{"class":60},[50,67686,309],{"class":111},[50,67688,78],{"class":64},[50,67690,81],{"class":68},[50,67692,353],{"class":72},[50,67694,69],{"class":68},[50,67696,186],{"class":64},[50,67698,67699,67701,67703,67705],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67700,366],{"class":151},[50,67702,155],{"class":64},[50,67704,36820],{"class":158},[50,67706,186],{"class":64},[20,67708,189],{},[41,67710,67712],{"className":43,"code":67711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67713,67714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67715,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67717,4620],{"class":64},[50,67719,413],{"class":68},[50,67721,335],{"class":72},[50,67723,413],{"class":68},[50,67725,78],{"class":64},[50,67727,408],{"class":68},[50,67729,344],{"class":72},[50,67731,413],{"class":68},[50,67733,78],{"class":64},[50,67735,408],{"class":68},[50,67737,353],{"class":72},[50,67739,413],{"class":68},[50,67741,78],{"class":64},[50,67743,408],{"class":68},[50,67745,19466],{"class":72},[50,67747,413],{"class":68},[50,67749,98],{"class":64},[20,67751,67752,67753,3028],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[335,67754,67755],{"href":51656},"Python lists beginner guide",[36,67757,67759,11286,67761],{"id":67758},"insert-vs-append",[15,67760,54946],{},[15,67762,53330],{},[20,67764,67765],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1112,67767,221,67769,11302],{"id":67768},"use-insert-when",[15,67770,54946],{},[233,67772,67773,67776],{},[236,67774,67775],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[236,67777,67778],{},"The order of the list matters",[1112,67780,221,67782,11302],{"id":67781},"use-append-when",[15,67783,53330],{},[233,67785,67786,67789],{},[236,67787,67788],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[236,67790,67791],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67793,2931],{},[41,67795,67797],{"className":43,"code":67796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67798,67799,67823,67827,67849,67859,67863,67881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67800,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67802,8493],{"class":56},[50,67804,61],{"class":60},[50,67806,65],{"class":64},[50,67808,69],{"class":68},[50,67810,4797],{"class":72},[50,67812,69],{"class":68},[50,67814,78],{"class":64},[50,67816,81],{"class":68},[50,67818,33905],{"class":72},[50,67820,69],{"class":68},[50,67822,98],{"class":64},[50,67824,67825],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67826,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,67830,8522],{"class":56},[50,67832,838],{"class":64},[50,67834,54629],{"class":158},[50,67836,155],{"class":64},[50,67838,309],{"class":111},[50,67840,78],{"class":64},[50,67842,81],{"class":68},[50,67844,4806],{"class":72},[50,67846,69],{"class":68},[50,67848,186],{"class":64},[50,67850,67851,67853,67855,67857],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,67852,366],{"class":151},[50,67854,155],{"class":64},[50,67856,8522],{"class":158},[50,67858,186],{"class":64},[50,67860,67861],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,67862,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,67864,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,67866,8522],{"class":56},[50,67868,838],{"class":64},[50,67870,14254],{"class":158},[50,67872,155],{"class":64},[50,67874,69],{"class":68},[50,67876,23227],{"class":72},[50,67878,69],{"class":68},[50,67880,186],{"class":64},[50,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,67884,366],{"class":151},[50,67886,155],{"class":64},[50,67888,8522],{"class":158},[50,67890,186],{"class":64},[20,67892,189],{},[41,67894,67896],{"className":43,"code":67895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67897,67898,67926],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67899,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67901,4620],{"class":64},[50,67903,413],{"class":68},[50,67905,4797],{"class":72},[50,67907,413],{"class":68},[50,67909,78],{"class":64},[50,67911,408],{"class":68},[50,67913,4806],{"class":72},[50,67915,413],{"class":68},[50,67917,78],{"class":64},[50,67919,408],{"class":68},[50,67921,33905],{"class":72},[50,67923,413],{"class":68},[50,67925,98],{"class":64},[50,67927,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,67929,4620],{"class":64},[50,67931,413],{"class":68},[50,67933,4797],{"class":72},[50,67935,413],{"class":68},[50,67937,78],{"class":64},[50,67939,408],{"class":68},[50,67941,4806],{"class":72},[50,67943,413],{"class":68},[50,67945,78],{"class":64},[50,67947,408],{"class":68},[50,67949,33905],{"class":72},[50,67951,413],{"class":68},[50,67953,78],{"class":64},[50,67955,408],{"class":68},[50,67957,23227],{"class":72},[50,67959,413],{"class":68},[50,67961,98],{"class":64},[20,67963,67964,67965,838],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[335,67966,56198,67967,11442],{"href":57447},[15,67968,53330],{},[20,67970,67971,67972,838],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[335,67973,53727],{"href":53726},[36,67975,5238],{"id":5237},[20,67977,15435,67978,838],{},[15,67979,54946],{},[1112,67981,13299,67983],{"id":67982},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67984,54946],{},[20,67986,26381],{},[41,67988,67990],{"className":43,"code":67989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67991,67992,68012,68034,68038,68048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67993,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67995,302],{"class":56},[50,67997,61],{"class":60},[50,67999,65],{"class":64},[50,68001,309],{"class":111},[50,68003,78],{"class":64},[50,68005,314],{"class":111},[50,68007,78],{"class":64},[50,68009,319],{"class":111},[50,68011,98],{"class":64},[50,68013,68014,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68015,2954],{"class":56},[50,68017,61],{"class":60},[50,68019,4982],{"class":56},[50,68021,838],{"class":64},[50,68023,54629],{"class":158},[50,68025,155],{"class":64},[50,68027,309],{"class":111},[50,68029,78],{"class":64},[50,68031,10898],{"class":111},[50,68033,186],{"class":64},[50,68035,68036],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68037,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,68039,68040,68042,68044,68046],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,68041,366],{"class":151},[50,68043,155],{"class":64},[50,68045,2989],{"class":158},[50,68047,186],{"class":64},[50,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,68051,366],{"class":151},[50,68053,155],{"class":64},[50,68055,381],{"class":158},[50,68057,186],{"class":64},[20,68059,189],{},[41,68061,68063],{"className":43,"code":68062,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68064,68065,68069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68066,68067],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68068,12512],{"class":1806},[50,68070,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68072,4620],{"class":64},[50,68074,309],{"class":111},[50,68076,78],{"class":64},[50,68078,10898],{"class":111},[50,68080,78],{"class":64},[50,68082,314],{"class":111},[50,68084,78],{"class":64},[50,68086,319],{"class":111},[50,68088,98],{"class":64},[20,68090,68091,54831,68093,838],{},[15,68092,54946],{},[15,68094,4501],{},[20,68096,17344],{},[41,68098,68100],{"className":43,"code":68099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68101,68102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68103,68104,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68105,56568],{"class":56},[50,68107,61],{"class":60},[50,68109,4982],{"class":56},[50,68111,838],{"class":64},[50,68113,54629],{"class":158},[50,68115,155],{"class":64},[50,68117,309],{"class":111},[50,68119,78],{"class":64},[50,68121,10898],{"class":111},[50,68123,186],{"class":64},[20,68125,68126],{},"Right:",[41,68128,68130],{"className":43,"code":68129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68131,68132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68133,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68135,381],{"class":56},[50,68137,838],{"class":64},[50,68139,54629],{"class":158},[50,68141,155],{"class":64},[50,68143,309],{"class":111},[50,68145,78],{"class":64},[50,68147,10898],{"class":111},[50,68149,186],{"class":64},[1112,68151,68153],{"id":68152},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,68155,68156],{},"The correct order is:",[41,68158,68159],{"className":43,"code":67012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68160,68161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68162,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68164,9051],{"class":56},[50,68166,838],{"class":64},[50,68168,54629],{"class":158},[50,68170,155],{"class":64},[50,68172,2536],{"class":158},[50,68174,78],{"class":64},[50,68176,30196],{"class":158},[50,68178,186],{"class":64},[20,68180,68181],{},"Not:",[41,68183,68185],{"className":43,"code":68184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68186,68187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68188,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68190,9051],{"class":56},[50,68192,838],{"class":64},[50,68194,54629],{"class":158},[50,68196,155],{"class":64},[50,68198,2238],{"class":158},[50,68200,78],{"class":64},[50,68202,2511],{"class":158},[50,68204,186],{"class":64},[20,68206,2931],{},[41,68208,68209],{"className":43,"code":67054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68210,68211,68235,68257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68212,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68214,326],{"class":56},[50,68216,61],{"class":60},[50,68218,65],{"class":64},[50,68220,69],{"class":68},[50,68222,335],{"class":72},[50,68224,69],{"class":68},[50,68226,78],{"class":64},[50,68228,81],{"class":68},[50,68230,353],{"class":72},[50,68232,69],{"class":68},[50,68234,98],{"class":64},[50,68236,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68238,36820],{"class":56},[50,68240,838],{"class":64},[50,68242,54629],{"class":158},[50,68244,155],{"class":64},[50,68246,309],{"class":111},[50,68248,78],{"class":64},[50,68250,81],{"class":68},[50,68252,344],{"class":72},[50,68254,69],{"class":68},[50,68256,186],{"class":64},[50,68258,68259,68261,68263,68265],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68260,366],{"class":151},[50,68262,155],{"class":64},[50,68264,36820],{"class":158},[50,68266,186],{"class":64},[20,68268,189],{},[41,68270,68271],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68272,68273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68274,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68276,4620],{"class":64},[50,68278,413],{"class":68},[50,68280,335],{"class":72},[50,68282,413],{"class":68},[50,68284,78],{"class":64},[50,68286,408],{"class":68},[50,68288,344],{"class":72},[50,68290,413],{"class":68},[50,68292,78],{"class":64},[50,68294,408],{"class":68},[50,68296,353],{"class":72},[50,68298,413],{"class":68},[50,68300,98],{"class":64},[1112,68302,2120,68304,68306],{"id":68303},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68305,54946],{}," to replace an item",[20,68308,68309,68311],{},[15,68310,54946],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[41,68313,68315],{"className":43,"code":68314,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68316,68317,68337,68355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68318,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68320,302],{"class":56},[50,68322,61],{"class":60},[50,68324,65],{"class":64},[50,68326,309],{"class":111},[50,68328,78],{"class":64},[50,68330,314],{"class":111},[50,68332,78],{"class":64},[50,68334,319],{"class":111},[50,68336,98],{"class":64},[50,68338,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68340,381],{"class":56},[50,68342,838],{"class":64},[50,68344,54629],{"class":158},[50,68346,155],{"class":64},[50,68348,309],{"class":111},[50,68350,78],{"class":64},[50,68352,10898],{"class":111},[50,68354,186],{"class":64},[50,68356,68357,68359,68361,68363],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68358,366],{"class":151},[50,68360,155],{"class":64},[50,68362,381],{"class":158},[50,68364,186],{"class":64},[20,68366,189],{},[41,68368,68370],{"className":43,"code":68369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68371,68372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68373,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68375,4620],{"class":64},[50,68377,309],{"class":111},[50,68379,78],{"class":64},[50,68381,10898],{"class":111},[50,68383,78],{"class":64},[50,68385,314],{"class":111},[50,68387,78],{"class":64},[50,68389,319],{"class":111},[50,68391,98],{"class":64},[20,68393,68394],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[41,68396,68398],{"className":43,"code":68397,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68399,68400,68420,68434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68401,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68403,302],{"class":56},[50,68405,61],{"class":60},[50,68407,65],{"class":64},[50,68409,309],{"class":111},[50,68411,78],{"class":64},[50,68413,314],{"class":111},[50,68415,78],{"class":64},[50,68417,319],{"class":111},[50,68419,98],{"class":64},[50,68421,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68423,381],{"class":56},[50,68425,4620],{"class":64},[50,68427,309],{"class":111},[50,68429,13976],{"class":64},[50,68431,13979],{"class":60},[50,68433,14832],{"class":111},[50,68435,68436,68438,68440,68442],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68437,366],{"class":151},[50,68439,155],{"class":64},[50,68441,381],{"class":158},[50,68443,186],{"class":64},[20,68445,189],{},[41,68447,68449],{"className":43,"code":68448,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68450,68451],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68452,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68454,4620],{"class":64},[50,68456,309],{"class":111},[50,68458,78],{"class":64},[50,68460,10898],{"class":111},[50,68462,78],{"class":64},[50,68464,319],{"class":111},[50,68466,98],{"class":64},[1112,68468,68470],{"id":68469},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68472,68473,68475],{},[15,68474,54946],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68477,68478],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[41,68480,68482],{"className":43,"code":68481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68483,68484,68500,68524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68487,302],{"class":56},[50,68489,61],{"class":60},[50,68491,65],{"class":64},[50,68493,309],{"class":111},[50,68495,78],{"class":64},[50,68497,3181],{"class":111},[50,68499,98],{"class":64},[50,68501,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68503,381],{"class":56},[50,68505,838],{"class":64},[50,68507,54629],{"class":158},[50,68509,155],{"class":64},[50,68511,309],{"class":111},[50,68513,78],{"class":64},[50,68515,65],{"class":64},[50,68517,422],{"class":111},[50,68519,78],{"class":64},[50,68521,319],{"class":111},[50,68523,2210],{"class":64},[50,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68527,366],{"class":151},[50,68529,155],{"class":64},[50,68531,381],{"class":158},[50,68533,186],{"class":64},[20,68535,189],{},[41,68537,68539],{"className":43,"code":68538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68540,68541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68542,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68544,4620],{"class":64},[50,68546,309],{"class":111},[50,68548,78],{"class":64},[50,68550,65],{"class":64},[50,68552,422],{"class":111},[50,68554,78],{"class":64},[50,68556,319],{"class":111},[50,68558,2191],{"class":64},[50,68560,3181],{"class":111},[50,68562,98],{"class":64},[20,68564,68565,68566,838],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[335,68567,56198,68568,11442],{"href":54022},[15,68569,54124],{},[1112,68571,68573],{"id":68572},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68575,9587,68576,68578],{},[15,68577,54946],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[41,68580,68582],{"className":43,"code":68581,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68583,68584,68594,68608,68626,68640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68585,68586,68588,68590,68592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68587,366],{"class":151},[50,68589,155],{"class":64},[50,68591,9051],{"class":158},[50,68593,186],{"class":64},[50,68595,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68597,366],{"class":151},[50,68599,155],{"class":64},[50,68601,1060],{"class":151},[50,68603,155],{"class":64},[50,68605,9051],{"class":158},[50,68607,1077],{"class":64},[50,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68611,366],{"class":151},[50,68613,155],{"class":64},[50,68615,9051],{"class":158},[50,68617,838],{"class":64},[50,68619,54629],{"class":25443},[50,68621,838],{"class":64},[50,68623,35131],{"class":35138},[50,68625,186],{"class":64},[50,68627,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,68629,32840],{"class":151},[50,68631,155],{"class":64},[50,68633,372],{"class":371},[50,68635,838],{"class":64},[50,68637,54629],{"class":25443},[50,68639,186],{"class":64},[50,68641,68642,68644,68646,68648],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,68643,3945],{"class":371},[50,68645,155],{"class":64},[50,68647,9051],{"class":158},[50,68649,186],{"class":64},[20,68651,68652],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[233,68654,68655,68658,68661,68664],{},[236,68656,68657],{},"What is currently in the list",[236,68659,68660],{},"How long the list is",[236,68662,68663],{},"That you are working with a real list",[236,68665,68666],{},"How Python describes the method",[36,68668,5681,68670],{"id":68669},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68671,54946],{},[20,68673,221,68674,68676],{},[15,68675,54946],{}," when position matters.",[20,68678,37103],{},[233,68680,68681,68684,68687,68690],{},[236,68682,68683],{},"Ordered menus",[236,68685,68686],{},"Rankings or score lists",[236,68688,68689],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[236,68691,68692],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68694,68695,68696,68698,68699,68701,68702,68704],{},"You usually do ",[4465,68697,5351],{}," need ",[15,68700,54946],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68703,53330],{}," is simpler.",[20,68706,68707,68708,838],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[335,68709,57832],{"href":57831},[36,68711,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,68713,2569,68715,56147],{"id":68714},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68716,54589],{},[20,68718,68719,68720,838],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68721,4501],{},[1112,68723,68725],{"id":68724},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68727,68728],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1112,68730,5883,68732,68734],{"id":68731},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68733,54589],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68736,68737,68738,68740],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68739,54124],{}," or slicing.",[1112,68742,5893,68744,827,68746,2582],{"id":68743},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68745,54946],{},[15,68747,53330],{},[20,68749,68750,68752,68753,68755],{},[15,68751,54946],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68754,53330],{}," adds only at the end.",[36,68757,2610],{"id":2609},[233,68759,68760,68766,68772,68776,68780,68784],{},[236,68761,68762],{},[335,68763,56198,68764,11442],{"href":57447},[15,68765,53330],{},[236,68767,68768],{},[335,68769,56198,68770,11442],{"href":54022},[15,68771,54124],{},[236,68773,68774],{},[335,68775,54956],{"href":53726},[236,68777,68778],{},[335,68779,53449],{"href":51656},[236,68781,68782],{},[335,68783,57906],{"href":57831},[236,68785,68786],{},[335,68787,31037,68788,34318],{"href":54974},[15,68789,68790],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2640,68792,68793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":68795},[68796,68798,68799,68800,68806,68813,68822,68824,68833],{"id":66981,"depth":101,"text":68797},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145},{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":67353,"depth":101,"text":67354,"children":68801},[68802,68803,68804,68805],{"id":67365,"depth":127,"text":67366},{"id":67456,"depth":127,"text":67457},{"id":67542,"depth":127,"text":67543},{"id":67628,"depth":127,"text":67629},{"id":67758,"depth":101,"text":68807,"children":68808},"insert() vs append()",[68809,68811],{"id":67768,"depth":127,"text":68810},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67781,"depth":127,"text":68812},"Use append() when:",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":68814},[68815,68817,68818,68820,68821],{"id":67982,"depth":127,"text":68816},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68152,"depth":127,"text":68153},{"id":68303,"depth":127,"text":68819},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68469,"depth":127,"text":68470},{"id":68572,"depth":127,"text":68573},{"id":68669,"depth":101,"text":68823},"When to use insert()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":68825},[68826,68828,68829,68831],{"id":68714,"depth":127,"text":68827},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68724,"depth":127,"text":68725},{"id":68731,"depth":127,"text":68830},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68743,"depth":127,"text":68832},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66891,"description":68834},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68841,"title":68842,"body":68843,"description":70394,"extension":2687,"meta":70395,"navigation":130,"path":59651,"seo":70396,"stem":70397,"__hash__":70398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68844,"toc":70367},[68845,68851,68860,68909,68911,68919,68925,68927,68945,68951,68956,68959,68962,68977,68979,69031,69033,69041,69049,69056,69058,69064,69129,69131,69139,69141,69160,69163,69214,69218,69223,69250,69252,69260,69263,69332,69334,69349,69355,69359,69368,69371,69426,69428,69436,69439,69441,69486,69488,69496,69502,69504,69512,69514,69516,69555,69557,69596,69601,69603,69605,69640,69643,69645,69683,69687,69693,69695,69746,69748,69756,69763,69766,69787,69790,69845,69856,69858,69919,69921,69930,69937,69943,69946,69949,70006,70009,70022,70029,70035,70041,70043,70056,70059,70156,70158,70175,70178,70260,70262,70284,70289,70295,70297,70301,70307,70313,70318,70322,70325,70331,70338,70340,70364],[10,68846,68848,68849,4382],{"id":68847},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68850,1060],{},[20,68852,68853,68854,68856,68857,68859],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68855,43037],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68858,43037],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[41,68861,68863],{"className":43,"code":68862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68864,68865,68885,68899],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68868,302],{"class":56},[50,68870,61],{"class":60},[50,68872,65],{"class":64},[50,68874,1868],{"class":111},[50,68876,78],{"class":64},[50,68878,1873],{"class":111},[50,68880,78],{"class":64},[50,68882,1878],{"class":111},[50,68884,98],{"class":64},[50,68886,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,68888,41917],{"class":56},[50,68890,61],{"class":60},[50,68892,1069],{"class":151},[50,68894,155],{"class":64},[50,68896,381],{"class":158},[50,68898,186],{"class":64},[50,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,68902,366],{"class":151},[50,68904,155],{"class":64},[50,68906,41935],{"class":158},[50,68908,186],{"class":64},[20,68910,189],{},[41,68912,68913],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68914,68915],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68916,68917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68918,47292],{"class":111},[20,68920,221,68921,68924],{},[15,68922,68923],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[36,68926,15865],{"id":15864},[233,68928,68929,68934,68939,68942],{},[236,68930,4917,68931,68933],{},[15,68932,43037],{}," works with Python lists",[236,68935,68936,68937,12409],{},"What value ",[15,68938,43037],{},[236,68940,68941],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[236,68943,68944],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[36,68946,228,68948,68950],{"id":68947},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68949,43037],{}," returns for a list",[20,68952,68953,65763],{},[15,68954,68955],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68957,68958],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68960,68961],{},"A few important points:",[233,68963,68964,68967,68972],{},[236,68965,68966],{},"It counts list items",[236,68968,41583,68969,68971],{},[4465,68970,5351],{}," count characters inside a string item",[236,68973,68974,68975],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68976,2842],{},[20,68978,2931],{},[41,68980,68982],{"className":43,"code":68981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68983,68984,69017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68985,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68987,4788],{"class":56},[50,68989,61],{"class":60},[50,68991,65],{"class":64},[50,68993,69],{"class":68},[50,68995,37724],{"class":72},[50,68997,69],{"class":68},[50,68999,78],{"class":64},[50,69001,81],{"class":68},[50,69003,69004],{"class":72},"elephant",[50,69006,69],{"class":68},[50,69008,78],{"class":64},[50,69010,81],{"class":68},[50,69012,58805],{"class":72},[50,69014,69],{"class":68},[50,69016,98],{"class":64},[50,69018,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69020,366],{"class":151},[50,69022,155],{"class":64},[50,69024,1060],{"class":151},[50,69026,155],{"class":64},[50,69028,4832],{"class":158},[50,69030,1077],{"class":64},[20,69032,189],{},[41,69034,69035],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69036,69037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69038,69039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69040,47292],{"class":111},[20,69042,21676,69043,69046,69047,65770],{},[15,69044,69045],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[4465,69048,53334],{},[20,69050,69051,69052,838],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[335,69053,13,69054,2551],{"href":43034},[15,69055,43037],{},[36,69057,6501],{"id":6500},[20,69059,69060,69061,69063],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,69062,43037],{},", and print the result.",[41,69065,69067],{"className":43,"code":69066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,69068,69069,69101,69115,69119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69070,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095,69097,69099],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69072,13779],{"class":56},[50,69074,61],{"class":60},[50,69076,65],{"class":64},[50,69078,69],{"class":68},[50,69080,13796],{"class":72},[50,69082,69],{"class":68},[50,69084,78],{"class":64},[50,69086,81],{"class":68},[50,69088,18154],{"class":72},[50,69090,69],{"class":68},[50,69092,78],{"class":64},[50,69094,81],{"class":68},[50,69096,13813],{"class":72},[50,69098,69],{"class":68},[50,69100,98],{"class":64},[50,69102,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69104,41917],{"class":56},[50,69106,61],{"class":60},[50,69108,1069],{"class":151},[50,69110,155],{"class":64},[50,69112,18201],{"class":158},[50,69114,186],{"class":64},[50,69116,69117],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,69118,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,69120,69121,69123,69125,69127],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,69122,366],{"class":151},[50,69124,155],{"class":64},[50,69126,41935],{"class":158},[50,69128,186],{"class":64},[20,69130,189],{},[41,69132,69133],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69134,69135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69136,69137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69138,47292],{"class":111},[20,69140,12387],{},[233,69142,69143,69148,69155],{},[236,69144,69145,69147],{},[15,69146,18201],{}," is a list with 3 items",[236,69149,69150,3121,69153],{},[15,69151,69152],{},"len(colors)",[15,69154,437],{},[236,69156,69157,69158],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,69159,41935],{},[20,69161,69162],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[41,69164,69166],{"className":43,"code":69165,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,69167,69168,69200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69171,13779],{"class":56},[50,69173,61],{"class":60},[50,69175,65],{"class":64},[50,69177,69],{"class":68},[50,69179,13796],{"class":72},[50,69181,69],{"class":68},[50,69183,78],{"class":64},[50,69185,81],{"class":68},[50,69187,18154],{"class":72},[50,69189,69],{"class":68},[50,69191,78],{"class":64},[50,69193,81],{"class":68},[50,69195,13813],{"class":72},[50,69197,69],{"class":68},[50,69199,98],{"class":64},[50,69201,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69203,366],{"class":151},[50,69205,155],{"class":64},[50,69207,1060],{"class":151},[50,69209,155],{"class":64},[50,69211,18201],{"class":158},[50,69213,1077],{"class":64},[36,69215,69217],{"id":69216},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69219,69220,69221,838],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69222,2842],{},[41,69224,69226],{"className":43,"code":69225,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69227,69228,69236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69229,69230,69232,69234],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69231,8493],{"class":56},[50,69233,61],{"class":60},[50,69235,8551],{"class":64},[50,69237,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69239,366],{"class":151},[50,69241,155],{"class":64},[50,69243,1060],{"class":151},[50,69245,155],{"class":64},[50,69247,8522],{"class":158},[50,69249,1077],{"class":64},[20,69251,189],{},[41,69253,69254],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69255,69256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69257,69258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69259,47927],{"class":111},[20,69261,69262],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[41,69264,69266],{"className":43,"code":69265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69267,69268,69276,69280,69298,69312,69318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69269,69270,69272,69274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69271,8493],{"class":56},[50,69273,61],{"class":60},[50,69275,8551],{"class":64},[50,69277,69278],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69279,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,69281,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,69283,7711],{"class":137},[50,69285,1069],{"class":151},[50,69287,155],{"class":64},[50,69289,8522],{"class":158},[50,69291,4382],{"class":64},[50,69293,39072],{"class":60},[50,69295,4556],{"class":111},[50,69297,2229],{"class":64},[50,69299,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,69301,173],{"class":151},[50,69303,155],{"class":64},[50,69305,8522],{"class":158},[50,69307,4620],{"class":64},[50,69309,2842],{"class":111},[50,69311,2210],{"class":64},[50,69313,69314,69316],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,69315,28124],{"class":137},[50,69317,2229],{"class":64},[50,69319,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,69321,173],{"class":151},[50,69323,155],{"class":64},[50,69325,69],{"class":68},[50,69327,52493],{"class":72},[50,69329,69],{"class":68},[50,69331,186],{"class":64},[20,69333,189],{},[41,69335,69337],{"className":43,"code":69336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is empty\n",[15,69338,69339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69340,69341,69343,69345,69347],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69342,2704],{"class":56},[50,69344,372],{"class":371},[50,69346,8808],{"class":60},[50,69348,8814],{"class":56},[20,69350,69351,69352,69354],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[335,69353,53449],{"href":51656}," is a good next step.",[36,69356,69358],{"id":69357},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69360,69361,69363,69364,69367],{},[15,69362,43037],{}," counts only the ",[4465,69365,69366],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69369,69370],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[41,69372,69374],{"className":43,"code":69373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69375,69376,69412],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69379,1818],{"class":56},[50,69381,61],{"class":60},[50,69383,56972],{"class":64},[50,69385,309],{"class":111},[50,69387,78],{"class":64},[50,69389,314],{"class":111},[50,69391,2191],{"class":64},[50,69393,65],{"class":64},[50,69395,437],{"class":111},[50,69397,78],{"class":64},[50,69399,3181],{"class":111},[50,69401,2191],{"class":64},[50,69403,65],{"class":64},[50,69405,2859],{"class":111},[50,69407,78],{"class":64},[50,69409,38321],{"class":111},[50,69411,53920],{"class":64},[50,69413,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69415,366],{"class":151},[50,69417,155],{"class":64},[50,69419,1060],{"class":151},[50,69421,155],{"class":64},[50,69423,1845],{"class":158},[50,69425,1077],{"class":64},[20,69427,189],{},[41,69429,69430],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69431,69432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69433,69434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69435,47292],{"class":111},[20,69437,69438],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69440,52757],{},[41,69442,69444],{"className":43,"code":69443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69445,69446,69472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69449,60151],{"class":56},[50,69451,61],{"class":60},[50,69453,65],{"class":64},[50,69455,309],{"class":111},[50,69457,78],{"class":64},[50,69459,65],{"class":64},[50,69461,422],{"class":111},[50,69463,78],{"class":64},[50,69465,319],{"class":111},[50,69467,2191],{"class":64},[50,69469,3181],{"class":111},[50,69471,98],{"class":64},[50,69473,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69475,366],{"class":151},[50,69477,155],{"class":64},[50,69479,1060],{"class":151},[50,69481,155],{"class":64},[50,69483,60204],{"class":158},[50,69485,1077],{"class":64},[20,69487,189],{},[41,69489,69490],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69491,69492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69493,69494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69495,47292],{"class":111},[20,69497,21676,69498,69501],{},[15,69499,69500],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[36,69503,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,69505,2447,69507,11794,69510],{"id":69506},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69508,69509],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69511,68955],{},[20,69513,2166],{},[20,69515,17344],{},[41,69517,69519],{"className":43,"code":69518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69520,69521,69541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69522,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69524,302],{"class":56},[50,69526,61],{"class":60},[50,69528,65],{"class":64},[50,69530,1868],{"class":111},[50,69532,78],{"class":64},[50,69534,1873],{"class":111},[50,69536,78],{"class":64},[50,69538,1878],{"class":111},[50,69540,98],{"class":64},[50,69542,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69544,366],{"class":151},[50,69546,155],{"class":64},[50,69548,381],{"class":158},[50,69550,838],{"class":64},[50,69552,1060],{"class":158},[50,69554,7908],{"class":64},[20,69556,17356],{},[41,69558,69560],{"className":43,"code":69559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69561,69562,69582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69563,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69565,302],{"class":56},[50,69567,61],{"class":60},[50,69569,65],{"class":64},[50,69571,1868],{"class":111},[50,69573,78],{"class":64},[50,69575,1873],{"class":111},[50,69577,78],{"class":64},[50,69579,1878],{"class":111},[50,69581,98],{"class":64},[50,69583,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69585,366],{"class":151},[50,69587,155],{"class":64},[50,69589,1060],{"class":151},[50,69591,155],{"class":64},[50,69593,381],{"class":158},[50,69595,1077],{"class":64},[20,69597,69598,69600],{},[15,69599,43037],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1112,69602,26378],{"id":26377},[20,69604,17344],{},[41,69606,69608],{"className":43,"code":69607,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69609,69610,69630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69611,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69613,302],{"class":56},[50,69615,61],{"class":60},[50,69617,65],{"class":64},[50,69619,1868],{"class":111},[50,69621,78],{"class":64},[50,69623,1873],{"class":111},[50,69625,78],{"class":64},[50,69627,1878],{"class":111},[50,69629,98],{"class":64},[50,69631,69632,69634,69636,69638],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69633,366],{"class":151},[50,69635,155],{"class":64},[50,69637,1060],{"class":151},[50,69639,186],{"class":64},[20,69641,69642],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69644,17356],{},[41,69646,69647],{"className":43,"code":69559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69648,69649,69669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69650,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69652,302],{"class":56},[50,69654,61],{"class":60},[50,69656,65],{"class":64},[50,69658,1868],{"class":111},[50,69660,78],{"class":64},[50,69662,1873],{"class":111},[50,69664,78],{"class":64},[50,69666,1878],{"class":111},[50,69668,98],{"class":64},[50,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69672,366],{"class":151},[50,69674,155],{"class":64},[50,69676,1060],{"class":151},[50,69678,155],{"class":64},[50,69680,381],{"class":158},[50,69682,1077],{"class":64},[1112,69684,69686],{"id":69685},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69688,69689,69690,69692],{},"The length of a list is ",[4465,69691,5351],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69694,2931],{},[41,69696,69698],{"className":43,"code":69697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69699,69700,69732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69701,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69703,326],{"class":56},[50,69705,61],{"class":60},[50,69707,65],{"class":64},[50,69709,69],{"class":68},[50,69711,335],{"class":72},[50,69713,69],{"class":68},[50,69715,78],{"class":64},[50,69717,81],{"class":68},[50,69719,344],{"class":72},[50,69721,69],{"class":68},[50,69723,78],{"class":64},[50,69725,81],{"class":68},[50,69727,353],{"class":72},[50,69729,69],{"class":68},[50,69731,98],{"class":64},[50,69733,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69735,366],{"class":151},[50,69737,155],{"class":64},[50,69739,1060],{"class":151},[50,69741,155],{"class":64},[50,69743,36820],{"class":158},[50,69745,1077],{"class":64},[20,69747,189],{},[41,69749,69750],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69751,69752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69753,69754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69755,47292],{"class":111},[20,69757,69758,69759,19662,69761,838],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69760,422],{},[15,69762,437],{},[20,69764,69765],{},"Indexes are:",[233,69767,69768,69775,69781],{},[236,69769,69770,69772,69773],{},[15,69771,2842],{}," for ",[15,69774,18794],{},[236,69776,69777,69772,69779],{},[15,69778,309],{},[15,69780,66273],{},[236,69782,69783,69772,69785],{},[15,69784,422],{},[15,69786,67159],{},[20,69788,69789],{},"So this causes an error:",[41,69791,69793],{"className":43,"code":69792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69794,69795,69827],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69796,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69813,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69798,326],{"class":56},[50,69800,61],{"class":60},[50,69802,65],{"class":64},[50,69804,69],{"class":68},[50,69806,335],{"class":72},[50,69808,69],{"class":68},[50,69810,78],{"class":64},[50,69812,81],{"class":68},[50,69814,344],{"class":72},[50,69816,69],{"class":68},[50,69818,78],{"class":64},[50,69820,81],{"class":68},[50,69822,353],{"class":72},[50,69824,69],{"class":68},[50,69826,98],{"class":64},[50,69828,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69830,366],{"class":151},[50,69832,155],{"class":64},[50,69834,36820],{"class":158},[50,69836,4620],{"class":64},[50,69838,1060],{"class":151},[50,69840,155],{"class":64},[50,69842,36820],{"class":158},[50,69844,11380],{"class":64},[20,69846,9206,69847,5503,69850,69852,69853,69855],{},[15,69848,69849],{},"len(letters)",[15,69851,437],{},", and index ",[15,69854,437],{}," does not exist.",[20,69857,19539],{},[41,69859,69861],{"className":43,"code":69860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69862,69863,69895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69864,69865,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69866,326],{"class":56},[50,69868,61],{"class":60},[50,69870,65],{"class":64},[50,69872,69],{"class":68},[50,69874,335],{"class":72},[50,69876,69],{"class":68},[50,69878,78],{"class":64},[50,69880,81],{"class":68},[50,69882,344],{"class":72},[50,69884,69],{"class":68},[50,69886,78],{"class":64},[50,69888,81],{"class":68},[50,69890,353],{"class":72},[50,69892,69],{"class":68},[50,69894,98],{"class":64},[50,69896,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69898,366],{"class":151},[50,69900,155],{"class":64},[50,69902,36820],{"class":158},[50,69904,4620],{"class":64},[50,69906,1060],{"class":151},[50,69908,155],{"class":64},[50,69910,36820],{"class":158},[50,69912,4382],{"class":64},[50,69914,2946],{"class":60},[50,69916,6212],{"class":111},[50,69918,2210],{"class":64},[20,69920,189],{},[41,69922,69924],{"className":43,"code":69923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"c\n",[15,69925,69926],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69927,69928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69929,69923],{"class":56},[20,69931,69932,69933,838],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[335,69934,69936],{"href":69935},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1112,69938,2447,69940,69942],{"id":69939},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69941,43037],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69944,69945],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69947,69948],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[41,69950,69952],{"className":43,"code":69951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69953,69954,69964,69978,69992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69955,69956,69958,69960,69962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69957,366],{"class":151},[50,69959,155],{"class":64},[50,69961,9051],{"class":158},[50,69963,186],{"class":64},[50,69965,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,69967,366],{"class":151},[50,69969,155],{"class":64},[50,69971,1060],{"class":151},[50,69973,155],{"class":64},[50,69975,9051],{"class":158},[50,69977,1077],{"class":64},[50,69979,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,69981,366],{"class":151},[50,69983,155],{"class":64},[50,69985,3945],{"class":371},[50,69987,155],{"class":64},[50,69989,9051],{"class":158},[50,69991,1077],{"class":64},[50,69993,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,69995,366],{"class":151},[50,69997,155],{"class":64},[50,69999,9051],{"class":158},[50,70001,4620],{"class":64},[50,70003,2842],{"class":111},[50,70005,2210],{"class":64},[20,70007,70008],{},"These help you verify:",[233,70010,70011,70014,70016,70019],{},[236,70012,70013],{},"what the variable contains",[236,70015,61463],{},[236,70017,70018],{},"whether it is really a list",[236,70020,70021],{},"what the first item is",[20,70023,70024,70025,70028],{},"Be careful with ",[15,70026,70027],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[36,70030,5681,70032,70034],{"id":70031},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,70033,43037],{}," with lists",[20,70036,70037,70038,70040],{},"You will often use ",[15,70039,43037],{}," in real programs.",[20,70042,10075],{},[233,70044,70045,70047,70050,70053],{},[236,70046,52447],{},[236,70048,70049],{},"Control loops",[236,70051,70052],{},"Validate input or results",[236,70054,70055],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,70057,70058],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[41,70060,70062],{"className":43,"code":70061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,70063,70064,70084,70100,70104,70118,70132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70065,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70067,1942],{"class":56},[50,70069,61],{"class":60},[50,70071,65],{"class":64},[50,70073,309],{"class":111},[50,70075,78],{"class":64},[50,70077,314],{"class":111},[50,70079,78],{"class":64},[50,70081,319],{"class":111},[50,70083,98],{"class":64},[50,70085,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70087,3304],{"class":56},[50,70089,61],{"class":60},[50,70091,65],{"class":64},[50,70093,1868],{"class":111},[50,70095,78],{"class":64},[50,70097,1873],{"class":111},[50,70099,98],{"class":64},[50,70101,70102],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70103,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70105,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70107,366],{"class":151},[50,70109,155],{"class":64},[50,70111,1060],{"class":151},[50,70113,155],{"class":64},[50,70115,335],{"class":158},[50,70117,1077],{"class":64},[50,70119,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,70121,366],{"class":151},[50,70123,155],{"class":64},[50,70125,1060],{"class":151},[50,70127,155],{"class":64},[50,70129,344],{"class":158},[50,70131,1077],{"class":64},[50,70133,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,70135,366],{"class":151},[50,70137,155],{"class":64},[50,70139,1060],{"class":151},[50,70141,155],{"class":64},[50,70143,335],{"class":158},[50,70145,4382],{"class":64},[50,70147,39072],{"class":60},[50,70149,1069],{"class":151},[50,70151,155],{"class":64},[50,70153,344],{"class":158},[50,70155,1077],{"class":64},[20,70157,189],{},[41,70159,70161],{"className":43,"code":70160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,70162,70163,70167,70171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70164,70165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70166,47292],{"class":111},[50,70168,70169],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70170,17756],{"class":111},[50,70172,70173],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70174,1962],{"class":1806},[20,70176,70177],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[41,70179,70181],{"className":43,"code":70180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70182,70183,70215,70219,70241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70184,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70186,57],{"class":56},[50,70188,61],{"class":60},[50,70190,65],{"class":64},[50,70192,69],{"class":68},[50,70194,73],{"class":72},[50,70196,69],{"class":68},[50,70198,78],{"class":64},[50,70200,81],{"class":68},[50,70202,84],{"class":72},[50,70204,69],{"class":68},[50,70206,78],{"class":64},[50,70208,81],{"class":68},[50,70210,93],{"class":72},[50,70212,69],{"class":68},[50,70214,98],{"class":64},[50,70216,70217],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70218,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70220,70221,70223,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70222,33],{"class":137},[50,70224,70225],{"class":56}," i ",[50,70227,148],{"class":137},[50,70229,54748],{"class":151},[50,70231,155],{"class":64},[50,70233,1060],{"class":151},[50,70235,155],{"class":64},[50,70237,159],{"class":158},[50,70239,70240],{"class":64},")):\n",[50,70242,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70254,70256,70258],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70244,173],{"class":151},[50,70246,155],{"class":64},[50,70248,36831],{"class":158},[50,70250,78],{"class":64},[50,70252,70253],{"class":158}," names",[50,70255,4620],{"class":64},[50,70257,36831],{"class":158},[50,70259,2210],{"class":64},[20,70261,189],{},[41,70263,70264],{"className":43,"code":36676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,70265,70266,70272,70278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70267,70268,70270],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70269,2842],{"class":111},[50,70271,36685],{"class":56},[50,70273,70274,70276],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70275,309],{"class":111},[50,70277,36692],{"class":56},[50,70279,70280,70282],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70281,422],{"class":111},[50,70283,36699],{"class":56},[20,70285,70286,70287,838],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[335,70288,837],{"href":836},[20,70290,70291,70292,70294],{},"You can also read ",[335,70293,52224],{"href":52223}," for a task-focused guide.",[36,70296,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,70298,70300],{"id":70299},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70302,221,70303,70306],{},[15,70304,70305],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1112,70308,2559,70310,13419],{"id":70309},"what-does-len-return",[15,70311,70312],{},"len([])",[20,70314,5861,70315,70317],{},[15,70316,2842],{}," because the list is empty.",[1112,70319,70321],{"id":70320},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70323,70324],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1112,70326,29019,70328,70330],{"id":70327},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70329,69509],{}," in Python?",[20,70332,30960,70333,8934,70335,70337],{},[15,70334,68955],{},[15,70336,43037],{}," is a built-in function.",[36,70339,2610],{"id":2609},[233,70341,70342,70348,70352,70356,70360],{},[236,70343,70344],{},[335,70345,13,70346,2551],{"href":43034},[15,70347,43037],{},[236,70349,70350],{},[335,70351,53268],{"href":52223},[236,70353,70354],{},[335,70355,53449],{"href":51656},[236,70357,70358],{},[335,70359,69936],{"href":69935},[236,70361,70362],{},[335,70363,2633],{"href":836},[2640,70365,70366],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":70368},[70369,70370,70372,70373,70374,70375,70383,70385,70393],{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":68947,"depth":101,"text":70371},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":69216,"depth":101,"text":69217},{"id":69357,"depth":101,"text":69358},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":70376},[70377,70379,70380,70381],{"id":69506,"depth":127,"text":70378},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26377,"depth":127,"text":26378},{"id":69685,"depth":127,"text":69686},{"id":69939,"depth":127,"text":70382},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":70031,"depth":101,"text":70384},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":70386},[70387,70388,70390,70391],{"id":70299,"depth":127,"text":70300},{"id":70309,"depth":127,"text":70389},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70320,"depth":127,"text":70321},{"id":70327,"depth":127,"text":70392},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68842,"description":70394},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70400,"title":70401,"body":70402,"description":72383,"extension":2687,"meta":72384,"navigation":130,"path":72385,"seo":72386,"stem":72387,"__hash__":72388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70403,"toc":72356},[70404,70407,70412,70415,70423,70436,70438,70503,70505,70527,70532,70536,70541,70549,70551,70561,70563,70644,70646,70676,70678,70697,70702,70719,70721,70804,70806,70836,70841,70845,70851,70935,70937,70967,70970,70974,70977,71068,71070,71108,71111,71196,71198,71228,71234,71241,71245,71250,71259,71261,71346,71348,71377,71380,71388,71392,71396,71405,71428,71430,71452,71454,71468,71470,71530,71534,71539,71578,71580,71597,71599,71609,71708,71713,71717,71722,71765,71767,71795,71797,71811,71886,71888,71910,71914,71917,71922,71933,71938,71946,71949,72020,72022,72047,72104,72106,72127,72136,72144,72149,72151,72156,72177,72180,72255,72258,72272,72279,72281,72285,72291,72295,72305,72309,72316,72320,72326,72328,72353],[10,70405,70401],{"id":70406},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70408,70409,70411],{},[15,70410,55760],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70413,70414],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[233,70416,70417,70420],{},[236,70418,70419],{},"delete an item from a list",[236,70421,70422],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70424,70425,70426,70428,70429,9416,70431,70435],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70427,13466],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70430,13466],{},[335,70432,70433],{"href":55750},[15,70434,56207],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[36,70437,39],{"id":38},[41,70439,70441],{"className":43,"code":70440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70442,70443,70463,70478,70482,70493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70444,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70446,302],{"class":56},[50,70448,61],{"class":60},[50,70450,65],{"class":64},[50,70452,1868],{"class":111},[50,70454,78],{"class":64},[50,70456,1873],{"class":111},[50,70458,78],{"class":64},[50,70460,1878],{"class":111},[50,70462,98],{"class":64},[50,70464,70465,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70466,70467],{"class":56},"last_item ",[50,70469,61],{"class":60},[50,70471,4982],{"class":56},[50,70473,838],{"class":64},[50,70475,26932],{"class":158},[50,70477,9354],{"class":64},[50,70479,70480],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70481,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70483,70484,70486,70488,70491],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70485,366],{"class":151},[50,70487,155],{"class":64},[50,70489,70490],{"class":158},"last_item",[50,70492,186],{"class":64},[50,70494,70495,70497,70499,70501],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,70496,366],{"class":151},[50,70498,155],{"class":64},[50,70500,381],{"class":158},[50,70502,186],{"class":64},[20,70504,189],{},[41,70506,70508],{"className":43,"code":70507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70509,70510,70515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70511,70512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70513,70514],{"class":111},"30\n",[50,70516,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70518,4620],{"class":64},[50,70520,1868],{"class":111},[50,70522,78],{"class":64},[50,70524,1873],{"class":111},[50,70526,98],{"class":64},[20,70528,221,70529,70531],{},[15,70530,13466],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[36,70533,70535],{"id":70534},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70537,70538,70540],{},[15,70539,13466],{}," has two main jobs:",[233,70542,70543,70546],{},[236,70544,70545],{},"It removes one item from a list",[236,70547,70548],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70550,44327],{},[233,70552,70553,70556,70559],{},[236,70554,70555],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[236,70557,70558],{},"It changes the original list",[236,70560,53423],{},[20,70562,2931],{},[41,70564,70566],{"className":43,"code":70565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70567,70568,70600,70604,70619,70623,70634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70571,13779],{"class":56},[50,70573,61],{"class":60},[50,70575,65],{"class":64},[50,70577,69],{"class":68},[50,70579,13796],{"class":72},[50,70581,69],{"class":68},[50,70583,78],{"class":64},[50,70585,81],{"class":68},[50,70587,18154],{"class":72},[50,70589,69],{"class":68},[50,70591,78],{"class":64},[50,70593,81],{"class":68},[50,70595,13813],{"class":72},[50,70597,69],{"class":68},[50,70599,98],{"class":64},[50,70601,70602],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70603,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70605,70606,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70607,70608],{"class":56},"removed ",[50,70610,61],{"class":60},[50,70612,13827],{"class":56},[50,70614,838],{"class":64},[50,70616,26932],{"class":158},[50,70618,9354],{"class":64},[50,70620,70621],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70622,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70624,70625,70627,70629,70632],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,70626,366],{"class":151},[50,70628,155],{"class":64},[50,70630,70631],{"class":158},"removed",[50,70633,186],{"class":64},[50,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,70637,366],{"class":151},[50,70639,155],{"class":64},[50,70641,18201],{"class":158},[50,70643,186],{"class":64},[20,70645,189],{},[41,70647,70649],{"className":43,"code":70648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70650,70651,70656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70652,70653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70654,70655],{"class":56},"blue\n",[50,70657,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70659,4620],{"class":64},[50,70661,413],{"class":68},[50,70663,13796],{"class":72},[50,70665,413],{"class":68},[50,70667,78],{"class":64},[50,70669,408],{"class":68},[50,70671,18154],{"class":72},[50,70673,413],{"class":68},[50,70675,98],{"class":64},[36,70677,256],{"id":255},[41,70679,70681],{"className":43,"code":70680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70682,70683],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70684,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70686,372],{"class":371},[50,70688,838],{"class":64},[50,70690,26932],{"class":158},[50,70692,2182],{"class":64},[50,70694,2536],{"class":158},[50,70696,2210],{"class":64},[20,70698,2704,70699,70701],{},[15,70700,2536],{}," is optional.",[233,70703,70704,70710,70716],{},[236,70705,70706,70707,70709],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70708,13466],{}," removes the last item",[236,70711,70712,70713,70715],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70714,13466],{}," removes the item at that position",[236,70717,70718],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70720,2931],{},[41,70722,70724],{"className":43,"code":70723,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70725,70726,70758,70762,70780,70784,70794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70727,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70729,326],{"class":56},[50,70731,61],{"class":60},[50,70733,65],{"class":64},[50,70735,69],{"class":68},[50,70737,335],{"class":72},[50,70739,69],{"class":68},[50,70741,78],{"class":64},[50,70743,81],{"class":68},[50,70745,344],{"class":72},[50,70747,69],{"class":68},[50,70749,78],{"class":64},[50,70751,81],{"class":68},[50,70753,353],{"class":72},[50,70755,69],{"class":68},[50,70757,98],{"class":64},[50,70759,70760],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70761,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70765,29229],{"class":56},[50,70767,61],{"class":60},[50,70769,386],{"class":56},[50,70771,838],{"class":64},[50,70773,26932],{"class":158},[50,70775,155],{"class":64},[50,70777,309],{"class":111},[50,70779,186],{"class":64},[50,70781,70782],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70783,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70785,70786,70788,70790,70792],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,70787,366],{"class":151},[50,70789,155],{"class":64},[50,70791,2238],{"class":158},[50,70793,186],{"class":64},[50,70795,70796,70798,70800,70802],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,70797,366],{"class":151},[50,70799,155],{"class":64},[50,70801,36820],{"class":158},[50,70803,186],{"class":64},[20,70805,189],{},[41,70807,70809],{"className":43,"code":70808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70810,70811,70816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70812,70813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70814,70815],{"class":56},"b\n",[50,70817,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70819,4620],{"class":64},[50,70821,413],{"class":68},[50,70823,335],{"class":72},[50,70825,413],{"class":68},[50,70827,78],{"class":64},[50,70829,408],{"class":68},[50,70831,353],{"class":72},[50,70833,413],{"class":68},[50,70835,98],{"class":64},[20,70837,70838,70839,838],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[335,70840,53449],{"href":51656},[36,70842,70844],{"id":70843},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70846,70847,70848,70850],{},"When you call ",[15,70849,13466],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[41,70852,70854],{"className":43,"code":70853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70855,70856,70891,70895,70910,70914,70925],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70857,70858,70860,70862,70864,70866,70869,70871,70873,70875,70878,70880,70882,70884,70887,70889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70859,30587],{"class":56},[50,70861,61],{"class":60},[50,70863,65],{"class":64},[50,70865,69],{"class":68},[50,70867,70868],{"class":72},"write",[50,70870,69],{"class":68},[50,70872,78],{"class":64},[50,70874,81],{"class":68},[50,70876,70877],{"class":72},"test",[50,70879,69],{"class":68},[50,70881,78],{"class":64},[50,70883,81],{"class":68},[50,70885,70886],{"class":72},"submit",[50,70888,69],{"class":68},[50,70890,98],{"class":64},[50,70892,70893],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70894,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70896,70897,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,70898,70899],{"class":56},"last_task ",[50,70901,61],{"class":60},[50,70903,30665],{"class":56},[50,70905,838],{"class":64},[50,70907,26932],{"class":158},[50,70909,9354],{"class":64},[50,70911,70912],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,70913,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,70915,70916,70918,70920,70923],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,70917,366],{"class":151},[50,70919,155],{"class":64},[50,70921,70922],{"class":158},"last_task",[50,70924,186],{"class":64},[50,70926,70927,70929,70931,70933],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,70928,366],{"class":151},[50,70930,155],{"class":64},[50,70932,37183],{"class":158},[50,70934,186],{"class":64},[20,70936,189],{},[41,70938,70940],{"className":43,"code":70939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70941,70942,70947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70943,70944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70945,70946],{"class":56},"submit\n",[50,70948,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,70950,4620],{"class":64},[50,70952,413],{"class":68},[50,70954,70868],{"class":72},[50,70956,413],{"class":68},[50,70958,78],{"class":64},[50,70960,408],{"class":68},[50,70962,70877],{"class":72},[50,70964,413],{"class":68},[50,70966,98],{"class":64},[20,70968,70969],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[36,70971,70973],{"id":70972},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70975,70976],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[41,70978,70980],{"className":43,"code":70979,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70981,70982,71022,71026,71044,71048,71058],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70983,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70985,36916],{"class":56},[50,70987,61],{"class":60},[50,70989,65],{"class":64},[50,70991,69],{"class":68},[50,70993,4797],{"class":72},[50,70995,69],{"class":68},[50,70997,78],{"class":64},[50,70999,81],{"class":68},[50,71001,4806],{"class":72},[50,71003,69],{"class":68},[50,71005,78],{"class":64},[50,71007,81],{"class":68},[50,71009,4815],{"class":72},[50,71011,69],{"class":68},[50,71013,78],{"class":64},[50,71015,81],{"class":68},[50,71017,33905],{"class":72},[50,71019,69],{"class":68},[50,71021,98],{"class":64},[50,71023,71024],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71025,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71029,70608],{"class":56},[50,71031,61],{"class":60},[50,71033,53529],{"class":56},[50,71035,838],{"class":64},[50,71037,26932],{"class":158},[50,71039,155],{"class":64},[50,71041,309],{"class":111},[50,71043,186],{"class":64},[50,71045,71046],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71047,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71049,71050,71052,71054,71056],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71051,366],{"class":151},[50,71053,155],{"class":64},[50,71055,70631],{"class":158},[50,71057,186],{"class":64},[50,71059,71060,71062,71064,71066],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,71061,366],{"class":151},[50,71063,155],{"class":64},[50,71065,36968],{"class":158},[50,71067,186],{"class":64},[20,71069,189],{},[41,71071,71073],{"className":43,"code":71072,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,71074,71075,71080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71076,71077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71078,71079],{"class":56},"banana\n",[50,71081,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71083,4620],{"class":64},[50,71085,413],{"class":68},[50,71087,4797],{"class":72},[50,71089,413],{"class":68},[50,71091,78],{"class":64},[50,71093,408],{"class":68},[50,71095,4815],{"class":72},[50,71097,413],{"class":68},[50,71099,78],{"class":64},[50,71101,408],{"class":68},[50,71103,33905],{"class":72},[50,71105,413],{"class":68},[50,71107,98],{"class":64},[20,71109,71110],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[41,71112,71114],{"className":43,"code":71113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71115,71116,71148,71152,71172,71176,71186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71117,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71119,36916],{"class":56},[50,71121,61],{"class":60},[50,71123,65],{"class":64},[50,71125,69],{"class":68},[50,71127,4797],{"class":72},[50,71129,69],{"class":68},[50,71131,78],{"class":64},[50,71133,81],{"class":68},[50,71135,4806],{"class":72},[50,71137,69],{"class":68},[50,71139,78],{"class":64},[50,71141,81],{"class":68},[50,71143,4815],{"class":72},[50,71145,69],{"class":68},[50,71147,98],{"class":64},[50,71149,71150],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71151,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71155,70608],{"class":56},[50,71157,61],{"class":60},[50,71159,53529],{"class":56},[50,71161,838],{"class":64},[50,71163,26932],{"class":158},[50,71165,155],{"class":64},[50,71167,2746],{"class":60},[50,71169,309],{"class":111},[50,71171,186],{"class":64},[50,71173,71174],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71175,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71177,71178,71180,71182,71184],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71179,366],{"class":151},[50,71181,155],{"class":64},[50,71183,70631],{"class":158},[50,71185,186],{"class":64},[50,71187,71188,71190,71192,71194],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,71189,366],{"class":151},[50,71191,155],{"class":64},[50,71193,36968],{"class":158},[50,71195,186],{"class":64},[20,71197,189],{},[41,71199,71201],{"className":43,"code":71200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71202,71203,71208],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71204,71205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71206,71207],{"class":56},"cherry\n",[50,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71211,4620],{"class":64},[50,71213,413],{"class":68},[50,71215,4797],{"class":72},[50,71217,413],{"class":68},[50,71219,78],{"class":64},[50,71221,408],{"class":68},[50,71223,4806],{"class":72},[50,71225,413],{"class":68},[50,71227,98],{"class":64},[20,71229,71230,71231,71233],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71232,66532],{}," means the last item.",[20,71235,71236,71237,838],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[335,71238,71239,11442],{"href":59643},[15,71240,65543],{},[36,71242,71244],{"id":71243},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71246,71247,71249],{},[15,71248,13466],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71251,71252,71253,827,71255,838],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71254,13466],{},[335,71256,71257],{"href":55750},[15,71258,56207],{},[20,71260,2931],{},[41,71262,71264],{"className":43,"code":71263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71265,71266,71298,71302,71321,71325,71336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71267,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71269,57],{"class":56},[50,71271,61],{"class":60},[50,71273,65],{"class":64},[50,71275,69],{"class":68},[50,71277,73],{"class":72},[50,71279,69],{"class":68},[50,71281,78],{"class":64},[50,71283,81],{"class":68},[50,71285,84],{"class":72},[50,71287,69],{"class":68},[50,71289,78],{"class":64},[50,71291,81],{"class":68},[50,71293,93],{"class":72},[50,71295,69],{"class":68},[50,71297,98],{"class":64},[50,71299,71300],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71301,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71303,71304,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71305,71306],{"class":56},"removed_name ",[50,71308,61],{"class":60},[50,71310,70253],{"class":56},[50,71312,838],{"class":64},[50,71314,26932],{"class":158},[50,71316,155],{"class":64},[50,71318,2842],{"class":111},[50,71320,186],{"class":64},[50,71322,71323],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71324,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71326,71327,71329,71331,71334],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71328,366],{"class":151},[50,71330,155],{"class":64},[50,71332,71333],{"class":158},"removed_name",[50,71335,186],{"class":64},[50,71337,71338,71340,71342,71344],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,71339,366],{"class":151},[50,71341,155],{"class":64},[50,71343,159],{"class":158},[50,71345,186],{"class":64},[20,71347,189],{},[41,71349,71351],{"className":43,"code":71350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71352,71353,71357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71354,71355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71356,50716],{"class":56},[50,71358,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71360,4620],{"class":64},[50,71362,413],{"class":68},[50,71364,84],{"class":72},[50,71366,413],{"class":68},[50,71368,78],{"class":64},[50,71370,408],{"class":68},[50,71372,93],{"class":72},[50,71374,413],{"class":68},[50,71376,98],{"class":64},[20,71378,71379],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71381,71382,71383,71385,71386,838],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71384,56207],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71387,4501],{},[36,71389,71391],{"id":71390},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1112,71393,71395],{"id":71394},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71397,71398,71399,71401,71402,838],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71400,13466],{}," raises an ",[15,71403,71404],{},"IndexError",[41,71406,71408],{"className":43,"code":71407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71409,71410,71418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71411,71412,71414,71416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71413,8493],{"class":56},[50,71415,61],{"class":60},[50,71417,8551],{"class":64},[50,71419,71420,71422,71424,71426],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71421,8522],{"class":56},[50,71423,838],{"class":64},[50,71425,26932],{"class":158},[50,71427,9354],{"class":64},[20,71429,189],{},[41,71431,71433],{"className":43,"code":71432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71434,71435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71436,71437,71439,71441,71444,71447,71450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71438,71404],{"class":371},[50,71440,1408],{"class":64},[50,71442,71443],{"class":56}," pop ",[50,71445,71446],{"class":137},"from",[50,71448,71449],{"class":56}," empty ",[50,71451,50562],{"class":371},[20,71453,39938],{},[233,71455,71456,71461],{},[236,71457,71458,71459],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71460,13466],{},[236,71462,71463,71464,827,71466],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71465,30493],{},[15,71467,30524],{},[20,71469,2931],{},[41,71471,71473],{"className":43,"code":71472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71474,71475,71483,71487,71495,71509,71515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71476,71477,71479,71481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71478,8493],{"class":56},[50,71480,61],{"class":60},[50,71482,8551],{"class":64},[50,71484,71485],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71486,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71488,71489,71491,71493],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71490,7711],{"class":137},[50,71492,6678],{"class":56},[50,71494,2229],{"class":64},[50,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71498,173],{"class":151},[50,71500,155],{"class":64},[50,71502,8522],{"class":158},[50,71504,838],{"class":64},[50,71506,26932],{"class":158},[50,71508,7908],{"class":64},[50,71510,71511,71513],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71512,28124],{"class":137},[50,71514,2229],{"class":64},[50,71516,71517,71519,71521,71523,71526,71528],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,71518,173],{"class":151},[50,71520,155],{"class":64},[50,71522,69],{"class":68},[50,71524,71525],{"class":72},"The list is empty.",[50,71527,69],{"class":68},[50,71529,186],{"class":64},[1112,71531,71533],{"id":71532},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71535,71536,71537,838],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71538,71404],{},[41,71540,71542],{"className":43,"code":71541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71543,71544,71564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71545,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71547,302],{"class":56},[50,71549,61],{"class":60},[50,71551,65],{"class":64},[50,71553,1868],{"class":111},[50,71555,78],{"class":64},[50,71557,1873],{"class":111},[50,71559,78],{"class":64},[50,71561,1878],{"class":111},[50,71563,98],{"class":64},[50,71565,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71567,381],{"class":56},[50,71569,838],{"class":64},[50,71571,26932],{"class":158},[50,71573,155],{"class":64},[50,71575,2859],{"class":111},[50,71577,186],{"class":64},[20,71579,189],{},[41,71581,71583],{"className":43,"code":71582,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71584,71585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71586,71587,71589,71591,71594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71588,71404],{"class":371},[50,71590,1408],{"class":64},[50,71592,71593],{"class":56}," pop index out of ",[50,71595,71596],{"class":151},"range\n",[20,71598,39938],{},[233,71600,71601,71606],{},[236,71602,71603,71604],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71605,43037],{},[236,71607,71608],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[41,71610,71612],{"className":43,"code":71611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71613,71614,71634,71643,71647,71669,71687,71693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71615,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71617,302],{"class":56},[50,71619,61],{"class":60},[50,71621,65],{"class":64},[50,71623,1868],{"class":111},[50,71625,78],{"class":64},[50,71627,1873],{"class":111},[50,71629,78],{"class":64},[50,71631,1878],{"class":111},[50,71633,98],{"class":64},[50,71635,71636,71639,71641],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71637,71638],{"class":56},"index ",[50,71640,61],{"class":60},[50,71642,1092],{"class":111},[50,71644,71645],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71646,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71648,71649,71651,71653,71656,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71650,7711],{"class":137},[50,71652,4556],{"class":111},[50,71654,71655],{"class":60}," \u003C=",[50,71657,71658],{"class":56}," index ",[50,71660,4014],{"class":60},[50,71662,1069],{"class":151},[50,71664,155],{"class":64},[50,71666,381],{"class":158},[50,71668,167],{"class":64},[50,71670,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71672,173],{"class":151},[50,71674,155],{"class":64},[50,71676,381],{"class":158},[50,71678,838],{"class":64},[50,71680,26932],{"class":158},[50,71682,155],{"class":64},[50,71684,2536],{"class":158},[50,71686,1077],{"class":64},[50,71688,71689,71691],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,71690,28124],{"class":137},[50,71692,2229],{"class":64},[50,71694,71695,71697,71699,71701,71704,71706],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,71696,173],{"class":151},[50,71698,155],{"class":64},[50,71700,69],{"class":68},[50,71702,71703],{"class":72},"Index is out of range.",[50,71705,69],{"class":68},[50,71707,186],{"class":64},[20,71709,71710,71711,838],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[335,71712,69936],{"href":69935},[1112,71714,71716],{"id":71715},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71718,71719,71721],{},[15,71720,13466],{}," expects an integer index.",[41,71723,71725],{"className":43,"code":71724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71726,71727,71747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71730,302],{"class":56},[50,71732,61],{"class":60},[50,71734,65],{"class":64},[50,71736,1868],{"class":111},[50,71738,78],{"class":64},[50,71740,1873],{"class":111},[50,71742,78],{"class":64},[50,71744,1878],{"class":111},[50,71746,98],{"class":64},[50,71748,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71750,381],{"class":56},[50,71752,838],{"class":64},[50,71754,26932],{"class":158},[50,71756,155],{"class":64},[50,71758,69],{"class":68},[50,71760,309],{"class":72},[50,71762,69],{"class":68},[50,71764,186],{"class":64},[20,71766,189],{},[41,71768,71770],{"className":43,"code":71769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71771,71772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71773,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71789,71792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71775,3727],{"class":371},[50,71777,1408],{"class":64},[50,71779,408],{"class":68},[50,71781,4167],{"class":72},[50,71783,413],{"class":68},[50,71785,25310],{"class":371},[50,71787,71788],{"class":56}," cannot be interpreted ",[50,71790,71791],{"class":137},"as",[50,71793,71794],{"class":56}," an integer\n",[20,71796,39938],{},[233,71798,71799,71808],{},[236,71800,71801,71802,2912,71804,2916,71806],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71803,2842],{},[15,71805,309],{},[15,71807,66532],{},[236,71809,71810],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[41,71812,71814],{"className":43,"code":71813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71815,71816,71836,71854,71858,71876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71817,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71819,302],{"class":56},[50,71821,61],{"class":60},[50,71823,65],{"class":64},[50,71825,1868],{"class":111},[50,71827,78],{"class":64},[50,71829,1873],{"class":111},[50,71831,78],{"class":64},[50,71833,1878],{"class":111},[50,71835,98],{"class":64},[50,71837,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850,71852],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71839,71638],{"class":56},[50,71841,61],{"class":60},[50,71843,45953],{"class":371},[50,71845,155],{"class":64},[50,71847,69],{"class":68},[50,71849,309],{"class":72},[50,71851,69],{"class":68},[50,71853,186],{"class":64},[50,71855,71856],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71857,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71859,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,71861,366],{"class":151},[50,71863,155],{"class":64},[50,71865,381],{"class":158},[50,71867,838],{"class":64},[50,71869,26932],{"class":158},[50,71871,155],{"class":64},[50,71873,2536],{"class":158},[50,71875,1077],{"class":64},[50,71877,71878,71880,71882,71884],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,71879,366],{"class":151},[50,71881,155],{"class":64},[50,71883,381],{"class":158},[50,71885,186],{"class":64},[20,71887,189],{},[41,71889,71891],{"className":43,"code":71890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71892,71893,71898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71894,71895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71896,71897],{"class":111},"20\n",[50,71899,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71901,4620],{"class":64},[50,71903,1868],{"class":111},[50,71905,78],{"class":64},[50,71907,1878],{"class":111},[50,71909,98],{"class":64},[36,71911,71913],{"id":71912},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71915,71916],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1112,71918,221,71920,11302],{"id":71919},"use-pop-when",[15,71921,13466],{},[233,71923,71924,71927,71930],{},[236,71925,71926],{},"you want to remove by index",[236,71928,71929],{},"you want the removed item returned",[236,71931,71932],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1112,71934,221,71936,11302],{"id":71935},"use-remove-when",[15,71937,56207],{},[233,71939,71940,71943],{},[236,71941,71942],{},"you want to remove by value",[236,71944,71945],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71947,71948],{},"Compare these examples:",[41,71950,71952],{"className":43,"code":71951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71953,71954,71978,71982,72000,72010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71955,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71957,302],{"class":56},[50,71959,61],{"class":60},[50,71961,65],{"class":64},[50,71963,1868],{"class":111},[50,71965,78],{"class":64},[50,71967,1873],{"class":111},[50,71969,78],{"class":64},[50,71971,1878],{"class":111},[50,71973,78],{"class":64},[50,71975,1873],{"class":111},[50,71977,98],{"class":64},[50,71979,71980],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,71981,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,71985,70608],{"class":56},[50,71987,61],{"class":60},[50,71989,4982],{"class":56},[50,71991,838],{"class":64},[50,71993,26932],{"class":158},[50,71995,155],{"class":64},[50,71997,309],{"class":111},[50,71999,186],{"class":64},[50,72001,72002,72004,72006,72008],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,72003,366],{"class":151},[50,72005,155],{"class":64},[50,72007,70631],{"class":158},[50,72009,186],{"class":64},[50,72011,72012,72014,72016,72018],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,72013,366],{"class":151},[50,72015,155],{"class":64},[50,72017,381],{"class":158},[50,72019,186],{"class":64},[20,72021,189],{},[41,72023,72025],{"className":43,"code":72024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72026,72027,72031],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72028,72029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72030,71897],{"class":111},[50,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72034,4620],{"class":64},[50,72036,1868],{"class":111},[50,72038,78],{"class":64},[50,72040,1878],{"class":111},[50,72042,78],{"class":64},[50,72044,1873],{"class":111},[50,72046,98],{"class":64},[41,72048,72050],{"className":43,"code":72049,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72051,72052,72076,72080,72094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72053,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72055,302],{"class":56},[50,72057,61],{"class":60},[50,72059,65],{"class":64},[50,72061,1868],{"class":111},[50,72063,78],{"class":64},[50,72065,1873],{"class":111},[50,72067,78],{"class":64},[50,72069,1878],{"class":111},[50,72071,78],{"class":64},[50,72073,1873],{"class":111},[50,72075,98],{"class":64},[50,72077,72078],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72079,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,72081,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72083,381],{"class":56},[50,72085,838],{"class":64},[50,72087,35479],{"class":158},[50,72089,155],{"class":64},[50,72091,16457],{"class":111},[50,72093,186],{"class":64},[50,72095,72096,72098,72100,72102],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,72097,366],{"class":151},[50,72099,155],{"class":64},[50,72101,381],{"class":158},[50,72103,186],{"class":64},[20,72105,189],{},[41,72107,72109],{"className":43,"code":72108,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72110,72111],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72112,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72114,4620],{"class":64},[50,72116,1868],{"class":111},[50,72118,78],{"class":64},[50,72120,1878],{"class":111},[50,72122,78],{"class":64},[50,72124,1873],{"class":111},[50,72126,98],{"class":64},[20,72128,72129,72130,72133,72134,838],{},"In the first example, ",[15,72131,72132],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,72135,309],{},[20,72137,57283,72138,72141,72142,838],{},[15,72139,72140],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,72143,16457],{},[20,72145,72146,72147,838],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[335,72148,55746],{"href":55745},[36,72150,3553],{"id":3552},[20,72152,72153,72154,1408],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,72155,13466],{},[233,72157,72158,72161,72164,72170,72174],{},[236,72159,72160],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[236,72162,72163],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[236,72165,37881,72166,9416,72168],{},[15,72167,13466],{},[15,72169,56207],{},[236,72171,2120,72172,62651],{},[15,72173,13466],{},[236,72175,72176],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72178,72179],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[41,72181,72183],{"className":43,"code":72182,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72184,72185,72195,72209,72223,72241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72186,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72188,366],{"class":151},[50,72190,155],{"class":64},[50,72192,9051],{"class":158},[50,72194,186],{"class":64},[50,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72198,366],{"class":151},[50,72200,155],{"class":64},[50,72202,1060],{"class":151},[50,72204,155],{"class":64},[50,72206,9051],{"class":158},[50,72208,1077],{"class":64},[50,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72212,366],{"class":151},[50,72214,155],{"class":64},[50,72216,9051],{"class":158},[50,72218,838],{"class":64},[50,72220,26932],{"class":158},[50,72222,7908],{"class":64},[50,72224,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,72226,366],{"class":151},[50,72228,155],{"class":64},[50,72230,9051],{"class":158},[50,72232,838],{"class":64},[50,72234,26932],{"class":158},[50,72236,155],{"class":64},[50,72238,2842],{"class":111},[50,72240,1077],{"class":64},[50,72242,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,72244,366],{"class":151},[50,72246,155],{"class":64},[50,72248,3945],{"class":371},[50,72250,155],{"class":64},[50,72252,2536],{"class":158},[50,72254,1077],{"class":64},[20,72256,72257],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[233,72259,72260,72266],{},[236,72261,72262,72265],{},[15,72263,72264],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[236,72267,72268,72271],{},[15,72269,72270],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72273,72274,72275,72278],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72276,72277],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[36,72280,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,72282,72284],{"id":72283},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72286,72287,72288,72290],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72289,13466],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1112,72292,72294],{"id":72293},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72296,72297,72299,72300,72302,72303,838],{},[15,72298,13466],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72301,56207],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72304,4501],{},[1112,72306,72308],{"id":72307},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72310,72311,72312,72315],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72313,72314],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1112,72317,72319],{"id":72318},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72321,72322,72323,72325],{},"Python raises ",[15,72324,71404],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[36,72327,2610],{"id":2609},[233,72329,72330,72334,72339,72344,72349],{},[236,72331,72332],{},[335,72333,56193],{"href":55745},[236,72335,72336],{},[335,72337,72338],{"href":55750},"Python list remove() method",[236,72340,72341],{},[335,72342,72343],{"href":59643},"Python list index() method",[236,72345,72346],{},[335,72347,72348],{"href":51656},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[236,72350,72351],{},[335,72352,69936],{"href":69935},[2640,72354,72355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":72357},[72358,72359,72360,72361,72362,72363,72364,72369,72375,72376,72382],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":70534,"depth":101,"text":70535},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":70843,"depth":101,"text":70844},{"id":70972,"depth":101,"text":70973},{"id":71243,"depth":101,"text":71244},{"id":71390,"depth":101,"text":71391,"children":72365},[72366,72367,72368],{"id":71394,"depth":127,"text":71395},{"id":71532,"depth":127,"text":71533},{"id":71715,"depth":127,"text":71716},{"id":71912,"depth":101,"text":71913,"children":72370},[72371,72373],{"id":71919,"depth":127,"text":72372},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71935,"depth":127,"text":72374},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":72377},[72378,72379,72380,72381],{"id":72283,"depth":127,"text":72284},{"id":72293,"depth":127,"text":72294},{"id":72307,"depth":127,"text":72308},{"id":72318,"depth":127,"text":72319},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70401,"description":72383},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72390,"title":72391,"body":72392,"description":74178,"extension":2687,"meta":74179,"navigation":130,"path":74180,"seo":74181,"stem":74182,"__hash__":74183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72393,"toc":74160},[72394,72397,72402,72408,72410,72480,72486,72490,72495,72516,72519,72586,72588,72609,72617,72619,72638,72654,72656,72721,72723,72748,72750,72752,72817,72819,72844,72846,72860,72863,72916,72918,72939,72943,72951,73024,73026,73059,73065,73071,73162,73164,73189,73195,73284,73286,73310,73312,73316,73371,73373,73405,73408,73411,73505,73507,73540,73546,73552,73556,73563,73589,73593,73658,73660,73685,73689,73770,73772,73801,73806,73811,73817,73821,73828,73850,73854,73913,73915,73939,73948,73953,73955,73959,73988,73990,74065,74068,74082,74088,74090,74094,74097,74101,74106,74110,74119,74123,74131,74133,74157],[10,72395,72391],{"id":72396},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72398,2704,72399,72401],{},[15,72400,55753],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72403,72404,72405,72407],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[4465,72406,3197],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[36,72409,39],{"id":38},[41,72411,72413],{"className":43,"code":72412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72414,72415,72447,72465,72475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72416,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72418,8493],{"class":56},[50,72420,61],{"class":60},[50,72422,65],{"class":64},[50,72424,69],{"class":68},[50,72426,4797],{"class":72},[50,72428,69],{"class":68},[50,72430,78],{"class":64},[50,72432,81],{"class":68},[50,72434,4806],{"class":72},[50,72436,69],{"class":68},[50,72438,78],{"class":64},[50,72440,81],{"class":68},[50,72442,33905],{"class":72},[50,72444,69],{"class":68},[50,72446,98],{"class":64},[50,72448,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72450,8522],{"class":56},[50,72452,838],{"class":64},[50,72454,35479],{"class":158},[50,72456,155],{"class":64},[50,72458,69],{"class":68},[50,72460,4806],{"class":72},[50,72462,69],{"class":68},[50,72464,186],{"class":64},[50,72466,72467,72469,72471,72473],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72468,366],{"class":151},[50,72470,155],{"class":64},[50,72472,8522],{"class":158},[50,72474,186],{"class":64},[50,72476,72477],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,72478,72479],{"class":4385},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72481,221,72482,72485],{},[15,72483,72484],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[36,72487,72489],{"id":72488},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72491,72492,72494],{},[15,72493,56207],{}," is a list method that:",[233,72496,72497,72503,72508,72513],{},[236,72498,72499,72500,72502],{},"Deletes the ",[4465,72501,30598],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[236,72504,72505,72506],{},"Changes the original list ",[4465,72507,12036],{},[236,72509,2569,72510,72512],{},[4465,72511,5351],{}," return a new list",[236,72514,72515],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72517,72518],{},"This is important for beginners:",[41,72520,72522],{"className":43,"code":72521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72523,72524,72544,72562,72566,72576],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72525,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72527,302],{"class":56},[50,72529,61],{"class":60},[50,72531,65],{"class":64},[50,72533,309],{"class":111},[50,72535,78],{"class":64},[50,72537,314],{"class":111},[50,72539,78],{"class":64},[50,72541,319],{"class":111},[50,72543,98],{"class":64},[50,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72547,2954],{"class":56},[50,72549,61],{"class":60},[50,72551,4982],{"class":56},[50,72553,838],{"class":64},[50,72555,35479],{"class":158},[50,72557,155],{"class":64},[50,72559,422],{"class":111},[50,72561,186],{"class":64},[50,72563,72564],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72565,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,72567,72568,72570,72572,72574],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,72569,366],{"class":151},[50,72571,155],{"class":64},[50,72573,381],{"class":158},[50,72575,186],{"class":64},[50,72577,72578,72580,72582,72584],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,72579,366],{"class":151},[50,72581,155],{"class":64},[50,72583,2989],{"class":158},[50,72585,186],{"class":64},[20,72587,189],{},[41,72589,72591],{"className":43,"code":72590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72592,72593,72605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72596,4620],{"class":64},[50,72598,309],{"class":111},[50,72600,78],{"class":64},[50,72602,319],{"class":111},[50,72604,98],{"class":64},[50,72606,72607],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72608,12512],{"class":1806},[20,72610,72611,72612,72614,72615,838],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72613,56207],{}," itself returned ",[15,72616,4501],{},[36,72618,6145],{"id":6144},[41,72620,72622],{"className":43,"code":72621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72623,72624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72625,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72627,372],{"class":371},[50,72629,838],{"class":64},[50,72631,35479],{"class":158},[50,72633,155],{"class":64},[50,72635,3197],{"class":158},[50,72637,186],{"class":64},[233,72639,72640,72645,72648],{},[236,72641,72642,72644],{},[15,72643,3197],{}," is the item you want to delete",[236,72646,72647],{},"Python searches from left to right",[236,72649,72650,72651,72653],{},"Only the ",[4465,72652,30598],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72655,2931],{},[41,72657,72659],{"className":43,"code":72658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72660,72661,72693,72711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72662,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72664,326],{"class":56},[50,72666,61],{"class":60},[50,72668,65],{"class":64},[50,72670,69],{"class":68},[50,72672,335],{"class":72},[50,72674,69],{"class":68},[50,72676,78],{"class":64},[50,72678,81],{"class":68},[50,72680,344],{"class":72},[50,72682,69],{"class":68},[50,72684,78],{"class":64},[50,72686,81],{"class":68},[50,72688,353],{"class":72},[50,72690,69],{"class":68},[50,72692,98],{"class":64},[50,72694,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72696,36820],{"class":56},[50,72698,838],{"class":64},[50,72700,35479],{"class":158},[50,72702,155],{"class":64},[50,72704,69],{"class":68},[50,72706,344],{"class":72},[50,72708,69],{"class":68},[50,72710,186],{"class":64},[50,72712,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72714,366],{"class":151},[50,72716,155],{"class":64},[50,72718,36820],{"class":158},[50,72720,186],{"class":64},[20,72722,189],{},[41,72724,72726],{"className":43,"code":72725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72727,72728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72729,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72731,4620],{"class":64},[50,72733,413],{"class":68},[50,72735,335],{"class":72},[50,72737,413],{"class":68},[50,72739,78],{"class":64},[50,72741,408],{"class":68},[50,72743,353],{"class":72},[50,72745,413],{"class":68},[50,72747,98],{"class":64},[36,72749,6501],{"id":6500},[20,72751,65852],{},[41,72753,72755],{"className":43,"code":72754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72756,72757,72789,72807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72758,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72760,13779],{"class":56},[50,72762,61],{"class":60},[50,72764,65],{"class":64},[50,72766,69],{"class":68},[50,72768,13796],{"class":72},[50,72770,69],{"class":68},[50,72772,78],{"class":64},[50,72774,81],{"class":68},[50,72776,13813],{"class":72},[50,72778,69],{"class":68},[50,72780,78],{"class":64},[50,72782,81],{"class":68},[50,72784,18154],{"class":72},[50,72786,69],{"class":68},[50,72788,98],{"class":64},[50,72790,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72792,18201],{"class":56},[50,72794,838],{"class":64},[50,72796,35479],{"class":158},[50,72798,155],{"class":64},[50,72800,69],{"class":68},[50,72802,13813],{"class":72},[50,72804,69],{"class":68},[50,72806,186],{"class":64},[50,72808,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72810,366],{"class":151},[50,72812,155],{"class":64},[50,72814,18201],{"class":158},[50,72816,186],{"class":64},[20,72818,189],{},[41,72820,72822],{"className":43,"code":72821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72823,72824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72825,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72827,4620],{"class":64},[50,72829,413],{"class":68},[50,72831,13796],{"class":72},[50,72833,413],{"class":68},[50,72835,78],{"class":64},[50,72837,408],{"class":68},[50,72839,18154],{"class":72},[50,72841,413],{"class":68},[50,72843,98],{"class":64},[20,72845,12387],{},[233,72847,72848,72851,72857],{},[236,72849,72850],{},"A list is created with three values",[236,72852,72853,72856],{},[15,72854,72855],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[236,72858,72859],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72861,72862],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[41,72864,72866],{"className":43,"code":72865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72867,72868,72892,72906],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72869,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72871,104],{"class":56},[50,72873,61],{"class":60},[50,72875,65],{"class":64},[50,72877,1868],{"class":111},[50,72879,78],{"class":64},[50,72881,1873],{"class":111},[50,72883,78],{"class":64},[50,72885,1878],{"class":111},[50,72887,78],{"class":64},[50,72889,51520],{"class":111},[50,72891,98],{"class":64},[50,72893,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72895,1074],{"class":56},[50,72897,838],{"class":64},[50,72899,35479],{"class":158},[50,72901,155],{"class":64},[50,72903,37518],{"class":111},[50,72905,186],{"class":64},[50,72907,72908,72910,72912,72914],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,72909,366],{"class":151},[50,72911,155],{"class":64},[50,72913,1074],{"class":158},[50,72915,186],{"class":64},[20,72917,189],{},[41,72919,72921],{"className":43,"code":72920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72922,72923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72924,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72926,4620],{"class":64},[50,72928,1868],{"class":111},[50,72930,78],{"class":64},[50,72932,1873],{"class":111},[50,72934,78],{"class":64},[50,72936,51520],{"class":111},[50,72938,98],{"class":64},[36,72940,72942],{"id":72941},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72944,65842,72945,72947,72948,72950],{},[15,72946,56207],{}," deletes only the ",[4465,72949,30598],{}," one.",[41,72952,72954],{"className":43,"code":72953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72955,72956,72996,73014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72957,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72959,8493],{"class":56},[50,72961,61],{"class":60},[50,72963,65],{"class":64},[50,72965,69],{"class":68},[50,72967,4797],{"class":72},[50,72969,69],{"class":68},[50,72971,78],{"class":64},[50,72973,81],{"class":68},[50,72975,4806],{"class":72},[50,72977,69],{"class":68},[50,72979,78],{"class":64},[50,72981,81],{"class":68},[50,72983,4797],{"class":72},[50,72985,69],{"class":68},[50,72987,78],{"class":64},[50,72989,81],{"class":68},[50,72991,33905],{"class":72},[50,72993,69],{"class":68},[50,72995,98],{"class":64},[50,72997,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,72999,8522],{"class":56},[50,73001,838],{"class":64},[50,73003,35479],{"class":158},[50,73005,155],{"class":64},[50,73007,69],{"class":68},[50,73009,4797],{"class":72},[50,73011,69],{"class":68},[50,73013,186],{"class":64},[50,73015,73016,73018,73020,73022],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73017,366],{"class":151},[50,73019,155],{"class":64},[50,73021,8522],{"class":158},[50,73023,186],{"class":64},[20,73025,189],{},[41,73027,73029],{"className":43,"code":73028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73030,73031],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73032,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73034,4620],{"class":64},[50,73036,413],{"class":68},[50,73038,4806],{"class":72},[50,73040,413],{"class":68},[50,73042,78],{"class":64},[50,73044,408],{"class":68},[50,73046,4797],{"class":72},[50,73048,413],{"class":68},[50,73050,78],{"class":64},[50,73052,408],{"class":68},[50,73054,33905],{"class":72},[50,73056,413],{"class":68},[50,73058,98],{"class":64},[20,73060,73061,73062,73064],{},"Only the first ",[15,73063,58511],{}," was removed.",[20,73066,73067,73068,73070],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,73069,56207],{}," again:",[41,73072,73074],{"className":43,"code":73073,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73075,73076,73116,73134,73152],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73077,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73079,8493],{"class":56},[50,73081,61],{"class":60},[50,73083,65],{"class":64},[50,73085,69],{"class":68},[50,73087,4797],{"class":72},[50,73089,69],{"class":68},[50,73091,78],{"class":64},[50,73093,81],{"class":68},[50,73095,4806],{"class":72},[50,73097,69],{"class":68},[50,73099,78],{"class":64},[50,73101,81],{"class":68},[50,73103,4797],{"class":72},[50,73105,69],{"class":68},[50,73107,78],{"class":64},[50,73109,81],{"class":68},[50,73111,33905],{"class":72},[50,73113,69],{"class":68},[50,73115,98],{"class":64},[50,73117,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73119,8522],{"class":56},[50,73121,838],{"class":64},[50,73123,35479],{"class":158},[50,73125,155],{"class":64},[50,73127,69],{"class":68},[50,73129,4797],{"class":72},[50,73131,69],{"class":68},[50,73133,186],{"class":64},[50,73135,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73137,8522],{"class":56},[50,73139,838],{"class":64},[50,73141,35479],{"class":158},[50,73143,155],{"class":64},[50,73145,69],{"class":68},[50,73147,4797],{"class":72},[50,73149,69],{"class":68},[50,73151,186],{"class":64},[50,73153,73154,73156,73158,73160],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,73155,366],{"class":151},[50,73157,155],{"class":64},[50,73159,8522],{"class":158},[50,73161,186],{"class":64},[20,73163,189],{},[41,73165,73167],{"className":43,"code":73166,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73168,73169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73170,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73172,4620],{"class":64},[50,73174,413],{"class":68},[50,73176,4806],{"class":72},[50,73178,413],{"class":68},[50,73180,78],{"class":64},[50,73182,408],{"class":68},[50,73184,33905],{"class":72},[50,73186,413],{"class":68},[50,73188,98],{"class":64},[20,73190,73191,73192,73194],{},"If you need to remove ",[4465,73193,4437],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[41,73196,73198],{"className":43,"code":73197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73199,73200,73240,73274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73201,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73203,8493],{"class":56},[50,73205,61],{"class":60},[50,73207,65],{"class":64},[50,73209,69],{"class":68},[50,73211,4797],{"class":72},[50,73213,69],{"class":68},[50,73215,78],{"class":64},[50,73217,81],{"class":68},[50,73219,4806],{"class":72},[50,73221,69],{"class":68},[50,73223,78],{"class":64},[50,73225,81],{"class":68},[50,73227,4797],{"class":72},[50,73229,69],{"class":68},[50,73231,78],{"class":64},[50,73233,81],{"class":68},[50,73235,33905],{"class":72},[50,73237,69],{"class":68},[50,73239,98],{"class":64},[50,73241,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73259,73261,73263,73266,73268,73270,73272],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73243,8493],{"class":56},[50,73245,61],{"class":60},[50,73247,65],{"class":64},[50,73249,29229],{"class":56},[50,73251,33],{"class":137},[50,73253,2221],{"class":56},[50,73255,148],{"class":137},[50,73257,73258],{"class":56}," items ",[50,73260,7711],{"class":137},[50,73262,2221],{"class":56},[50,73264,73265],{"class":60},"!=",[50,73267,81],{"class":68},[50,73269,4797],{"class":72},[50,73271,69],{"class":68},[50,73273,98],{"class":64},[50,73275,73276,73278,73280,73282],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73277,366],{"class":151},[50,73279,155],{"class":64},[50,73281,8522],{"class":158},[50,73283,186],{"class":64},[20,73285,189],{},[41,73287,73288],{"className":43,"code":73166,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,73289,73290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73291,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73293,4620],{"class":64},[50,73295,413],{"class":68},[50,73297,4806],{"class":72},[50,73299,413],{"class":68},[50,73301,78],{"class":64},[50,73303,408],{"class":68},[50,73305,33905],{"class":72},[50,73307,413],{"class":68},[50,73309,98],{"class":64},[36,73311,66308],{"id":66307},[20,73313,66311,73314,838],{},[15,73315,41381],{},[41,73317,73319],{"className":43,"code":73318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73320,73321,73353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73322,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73324,8493],{"class":56},[50,73326,61],{"class":60},[50,73328,65],{"class":64},[50,73330,69],{"class":68},[50,73332,4797],{"class":72},[50,73334,69],{"class":68},[50,73336,78],{"class":64},[50,73338,81],{"class":68},[50,73340,4806],{"class":72},[50,73342,69],{"class":68},[50,73344,78],{"class":64},[50,73346,81],{"class":68},[50,73348,33905],{"class":72},[50,73350,69],{"class":68},[50,73352,98],{"class":64},[50,73354,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73356,8522],{"class":56},[50,73358,838],{"class":64},[50,73360,35479],{"class":158},[50,73362,155],{"class":64},[50,73364,69],{"class":68},[50,73366,23227],{"class":72},[50,73368,69],{"class":68},[50,73370,186],{"class":64},[20,73372,189],{},[41,73374,73376],{"className":43,"code":73375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73377,73378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73379,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73381,41381],{"class":371},[50,73383,1408],{"class":64},[50,73385,1191],{"class":371},[50,73387,838],{"class":64},[50,73389,35479],{"class":158},[50,73391,155],{"class":64},[50,73393,2896],{"class":158},[50,73395,17152],{"class":64},[50,73397,4602],{"class":56},[50,73399,5351],{"class":60},[50,73401,21872],{"class":60},[50,73403,73404],{"class":371}," list\n",[20,73406,73407],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73409,73410],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[41,73412,73414],{"className":43,"code":73413,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73415,73416,73448,73460,73464,73476,73491,73495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73417,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73419,8493],{"class":56},[50,73421,61],{"class":60},[50,73423,65],{"class":64},[50,73425,69],{"class":68},[50,73427,4797],{"class":72},[50,73429,69],{"class":68},[50,73431,78],{"class":64},[50,73433,81],{"class":68},[50,73435,4806],{"class":72},[50,73437,69],{"class":68},[50,73439,78],{"class":64},[50,73441,81],{"class":68},[50,73443,33905],{"class":72},[50,73445,69],{"class":68},[50,73447,98],{"class":64},[50,73449,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73451,3171],{"class":56},[50,73453,61],{"class":60},[50,73455,81],{"class":68},[50,73457,23227],{"class":72},[50,73459,4082],{"class":68},[50,73461,73462],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73463,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,73465,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,73467,7711],{"class":137},[50,73469,22283],{"class":56},[50,73471,148],{"class":60},[50,73473,6678],{"class":56},[50,73475,2229],{"class":64},[50,73477,73478,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,73479,73480],{"class":56},"    items",[50,73482,838],{"class":64},[50,73484,35479],{"class":158},[50,73486,155],{"class":64},[50,73488,3197],{"class":158},[50,73490,186],{"class":64},[50,73492,73493],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,73494,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,73496,73497,73499,73501,73503],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,73498,366],{"class":151},[50,73500,155],{"class":64},[50,73502,8522],{"class":158},[50,73504,186],{"class":64},[20,73506,189],{},[41,73508,73510],{"className":43,"code":73509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73511,73512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73513,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73515,4620],{"class":64},[50,73517,413],{"class":68},[50,73519,4797],{"class":72},[50,73521,413],{"class":68},[50,73523,78],{"class":64},[50,73525,408],{"class":68},[50,73527,4806],{"class":72},[50,73529,413],{"class":68},[50,73531,78],{"class":64},[50,73533,408],{"class":68},[50,73535,33905],{"class":72},[50,73537,413],{"class":68},[50,73539,98],{"class":64},[20,73541,73542,73543,73545],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73544,56207],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73547,73548,73549,838],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[335,73550,66517],{"href":73551},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[36,73553,73555],{"id":73554},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73557,73558,827,73560,73562],{},[15,73559,56207],{},[15,73561,13466],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[233,73564,73565,73572,73578,73584],{},[236,73566,73567,73569,73570],{},[15,73568,56207],{}," deletes by ",[4465,73571,3197],{},[236,73573,73574,73569,73576],{},[15,73575,13466],{},[4465,73577,2536],{},[236,73579,73580,3121,73582],{},[15,73581,56207],{},[15,73583,4501],{},[236,73585,73586,73588],{},[15,73587,13466],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73590,46716,73591,1408],{},[15,73592,56207],{},[41,73594,73596],{"className":43,"code":73595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73597,73598,73630,73648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73599,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73601,8493],{"class":56},[50,73603,61],{"class":60},[50,73605,65],{"class":64},[50,73607,69],{"class":68},[50,73609,4797],{"class":72},[50,73611,69],{"class":68},[50,73613,78],{"class":64},[50,73615,81],{"class":68},[50,73617,4806],{"class":72},[50,73619,69],{"class":68},[50,73621,78],{"class":64},[50,73623,81],{"class":68},[50,73625,33905],{"class":72},[50,73627,69],{"class":68},[50,73629,98],{"class":64},[50,73631,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73633,8522],{"class":56},[50,73635,838],{"class":64},[50,73637,35479],{"class":158},[50,73639,155],{"class":64},[50,73641,69],{"class":68},[50,73643,4806],{"class":72},[50,73645,69],{"class":68},[50,73647,186],{"class":64},[50,73649,73650,73652,73654,73656],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73651,366],{"class":151},[50,73653,155],{"class":64},[50,73655,8522],{"class":158},[50,73657,186],{"class":64},[20,73659,189],{},[41,73661,73663],{"className":43,"code":73662,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73664,73665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73666,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73668,4620],{"class":64},[50,73670,413],{"class":68},[50,73672,4797],{"class":72},[50,73674,413],{"class":68},[50,73676,78],{"class":64},[50,73678,408],{"class":68},[50,73680,33905],{"class":72},[50,73682,413],{"class":68},[50,73684,98],{"class":64},[20,73686,46716,73687,1408],{},[15,73688,13466],{},[41,73690,73692],{"className":43,"code":73691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73693,73694,73726,73745,73749,73759],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73695,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73697,8493],{"class":56},[50,73699,61],{"class":60},[50,73701,65],{"class":64},[50,73703,69],{"class":68},[50,73705,4797],{"class":72},[50,73707,69],{"class":68},[50,73709,78],{"class":64},[50,73711,81],{"class":68},[50,73713,4806],{"class":72},[50,73715,69],{"class":68},[50,73717,78],{"class":64},[50,73719,81],{"class":68},[50,73721,33905],{"class":72},[50,73723,69],{"class":68},[50,73725,98],{"class":64},[50,73727,73728,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73729,73730],{"class":56},"removed_item ",[50,73732,61],{"class":60},[50,73734,6678],{"class":56},[50,73736,838],{"class":64},[50,73738,26932],{"class":158},[50,73740,155],{"class":64},[50,73742,309],{"class":111},[50,73744,186],{"class":64},[50,73746,73747],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73748,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,73750,73751,73753,73755,73757],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,73752,366],{"class":151},[50,73754,155],{"class":64},[50,73756,8522],{"class":158},[50,73758,186],{"class":64},[50,73760,73761,73763,73765,73768],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,73762,366],{"class":151},[50,73764,155],{"class":64},[50,73766,73767],{"class":158},"removed_item",[50,73769,186],{"class":64},[20,73771,189],{},[41,73773,73775],{"className":43,"code":73774,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73776,73777,73797],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73778,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73780,4620],{"class":64},[50,73782,413],{"class":68},[50,73784,4797],{"class":72},[50,73786,413],{"class":68},[50,73788,78],{"class":64},[50,73790,408],{"class":68},[50,73792,33905],{"class":72},[50,73794,413],{"class":68},[50,73796,98],{"class":64},[50,73798,73799],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73800,71079],{"class":56},[20,73802,221,73803,73805],{},[15,73804,56207],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73807,221,73808,73810],{},[15,73809,13466],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73812,73813,73814,838],{},"For more detail, see the ",[335,73815,73816],{"href":55757},"Python list pop() method",[36,73818,73820],{"id":73819},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73822,73823,827,73825,73827],{},[15,73824,56207],{},[15,73826,27715],{}," are also different.",[233,73829,73830,73835,73840,73845],{},[236,73831,73832,73834],{},[15,73833,56207],{}," deletes by matching value",[236,73836,73837,73839],{},[15,73838,27715],{}," deletes by index or slice",[236,73841,221,73842,73844],{},[15,73843,27715],{}," when you know the position",[236,73846,221,73847,73849],{},[15,73848,56207],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73851,46716,73852,1408],{},[15,73853,27715],{},[41,73855,73857],{"className":43,"code":73856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73858,73859,73891,73903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73860,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73862,8493],{"class":56},[50,73864,61],{"class":60},[50,73866,65],{"class":64},[50,73868,69],{"class":68},[50,73870,4797],{"class":72},[50,73872,69],{"class":68},[50,73874,78],{"class":64},[50,73876,81],{"class":68},[50,73878,4806],{"class":72},[50,73880,69],{"class":68},[50,73882,78],{"class":64},[50,73884,81],{"class":68},[50,73886,33905],{"class":72},[50,73888,69],{"class":68},[50,73890,98],{"class":64},[50,73892,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,73894,27715],{"class":137},[50,73896,6678],{"class":56},[50,73898,4620],{"class":64},[50,73900,309],{"class":111},[50,73902,98],{"class":64},[50,73904,73905,73907,73909,73911],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,73906,366],{"class":151},[50,73908,155],{"class":64},[50,73910,8522],{"class":158},[50,73912,186],{"class":64},[20,73914,189],{},[41,73916,73917],{"className":43,"code":73662,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,73918,73919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73920,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73922,4620],{"class":64},[50,73924,413],{"class":68},[50,73926,4797],{"class":72},[50,73928,413],{"class":68},[50,73930,78],{"class":64},[50,73932,408],{"class":68},[50,73934,33905],{"class":72},[50,73936,413],{"class":68},[50,73938,98],{"class":64},[20,73940,73941,73942,73944,73945,73947],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73943,309],{},", not the value ",[15,73946,65952],{}," directly.",[20,73949,73950,73951,838],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[335,73952,55746],{"href":55745},[36,73954,3553],{"id":3552},[20,73956,21910,73957,1408],{},[15,73958,56207],{},[233,73960,73961,73964,73969,73976,73985],{},[236,73962,73963],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[236,73965,2120,73966,73968],{},[15,73967,56207],{}," to delete all matching values",[236,73970,13299,73971,73973,73974],{},[15,73972,56207],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73975,4501],{},[236,73977,2447,73978,45307,73980,3602,73982,73984],{},[15,73979,56207],{},[15,73981,13466],{},[15,73983,27715],{}," would be a better fit",[236,73986,73987],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73989,72179],{},[41,73991,73993],{"className":43,"code":73992,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73994,73995,74005,74019,74037,74051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73996,73997,73999,74001,74003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73998,366],{"class":151},[50,74000,155],{"class":64},[50,74002,9051],{"class":158},[50,74004,186],{"class":64},[50,74006,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74008,366],{"class":151},[50,74010,155],{"class":64},[50,74012,3171],{"class":158},[50,74014,148],{"class":137},[50,74016,9107],{"class":158},[50,74018,186],{"class":64},[50,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74022,366],{"class":151},[50,74024,155],{"class":64},[50,74026,9051],{"class":158},[50,74028,838],{"class":64},[50,74030,41935],{"class":158},[50,74032,155],{"class":64},[50,74034,3197],{"class":158},[50,74036,1077],{"class":64},[50,74038,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,74040,366],{"class":151},[50,74042,155],{"class":64},[50,74044,3945],{"class":371},[50,74046,155],{"class":64},[50,74048,9051],{"class":158},[50,74050,1077],{"class":64},[50,74052,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,74054,32840],{"class":151},[50,74056,155],{"class":64},[50,74058,372],{"class":371},[50,74060,838],{"class":64},[50,74062,35479],{"class":25443},[50,74064,186],{"class":64},[20,74066,74067],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[233,74069,74070,74073,74076,74079],{},[236,74071,74072],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[236,74074,74075],{},"How many times does it appear?",[236,74077,74078],{},"Am I working with a list?",[236,74080,74081],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,74083,74084,74085,74087],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[335,74086,72343],{"href":59643}," may also help.",[36,74089,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,74091,74093],{"id":74092},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,74095,74096],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1112,74098,74100],{"id":74099},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,74102,5861,74103,74105],{},[15,74104,4501],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1112,74107,74109],{"id":74108},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,74111,74112,74113,74116,74117,838],{},"Check with ",[15,74114,74115],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,74118,56207],{},[1112,74120,74122],{"id":74121},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,74124,221,74125,74127,74128,74130],{},[15,74126,56207],{}," for a value and ",[15,74129,13466],{}," for an index.",[36,74132,2610],{"id":2609},[233,74134,74135,74139,74143,74147,74151],{},[236,74136,74137],{},[335,74138,56193],{"href":55745},[236,74140,74141],{},[335,74142,73816],{"href":55757},[236,74144,74145],{},[335,74146,72343],{"href":59643},[236,74148,74149],{},[335,74150,66517],{"href":73551},[236,74152,74153],{},[335,74154,74156],{"href":74155},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2640,74158,74159],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":74161},[74162,74163,74164,74165,74166,74167,74168,74169,74170,74171,74177],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":72488,"depth":101,"text":72489},{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145},{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":72941,"depth":101,"text":72942},{"id":66307,"depth":101,"text":66308},{"id":73554,"depth":101,"text":73555},{"id":73819,"depth":101,"text":73820},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":74172},[74173,74174,74175,74176],{"id":74092,"depth":127,"text":74093},{"id":74099,"depth":127,"text":74100},{"id":74108,"depth":127,"text":74109},{"id":74121,"depth":127,"text":74122},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72391,"description":74178},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74185,"title":74186,"body":74187,"description":76078,"extension":2687,"meta":76079,"navigation":130,"path":76080,"seo":76081,"stem":76082,"__hash__":76083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74188,"toc":76048},[74189,74195,74201,74204,74215,74217,74266,74271,74276,74280,74295,74297,74362,74364,74405,74407,74409,74424,74426,74437,74439,74496,74498,74531,74533,74536,74585,74587,74612,74614,74630,74636,74643,74704,74706,74739,74744,74747,74827,74829,74890,74896,74900,74903,74967,74969,74994,74996,75016,75018,75067,75069,75090,75099,75102,75106,75111,75156,75158,75179,75185,75190,75198,75262,75264,75301,75307,75311,75318,75383,75385,75422,75426,75443,75453,75458,75463,75474,75481,75483,75489,75512,75515,75542,75547,75550,75651,75653,75708,75711,75818,75820,75891,75894,75920,75922,75927,75931,75939,75944,75949,75955,75960,75964,75967,75984,75987,76007,76015,76017,76045],[10,74190,55020,74192,12024],{"id":74191},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74193,74194],{},"reverse()",[20,74196,74197,74200],{},[15,74198,74199],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74202,74203],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74205,74206,74207,74209,74210,74214],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74208,74194],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[335,74211,74213],{"href":74212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[36,74216,4331],{"id":4330},[41,74218,74220],{"className":43,"code":74219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74221,74222,74242,74253],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74223,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74225,302],{"class":56},[50,74227,61],{"class":60},[50,74229,65],{"class":64},[50,74231,309],{"class":111},[50,74233,78],{"class":64},[50,74235,314],{"class":111},[50,74237,78],{"class":64},[50,74239,319],{"class":111},[50,74241,98],{"class":64},[50,74243,74244,74246,74248,74251],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74245,381],{"class":56},[50,74247,838],{"class":64},[50,74249,74250],{"class":158},"reverse",[50,74252,9354],{"class":64},[50,74254,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74256,366],{"class":151},[50,74258,155],{"class":64},[50,74260,381],{"class":158},[50,74262,4382],{"class":64},[50,74264,74265],{"class":4385},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74267,74268,74270],{},[15,74269,74194],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[36,74272,228,74274,231],{"id":74273},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74275,74199],{},[20,74277,74278,1408],{},[15,74279,74199],{},[233,74281,74282,74285,74288,74292],{},[236,74283,74284],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[236,74286,74287],{},"Changes the original list directly",[236,74289,12126,74290],{},[15,74291,4501],{},[236,74293,74294],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74296,2931],{},[41,74298,74300],{"className":43,"code":74299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74301,74302,74342,74352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74303,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74305,326],{"class":56},[50,74307,61],{"class":60},[50,74309,65],{"class":64},[50,74311,69],{"class":68},[50,74313,335],{"class":72},[50,74315,69],{"class":68},[50,74317,78],{"class":64},[50,74319,81],{"class":68},[50,74321,344],{"class":72},[50,74323,69],{"class":68},[50,74325,78],{"class":64},[50,74327,81],{"class":68},[50,74329,353],{"class":72},[50,74331,69],{"class":68},[50,74333,78],{"class":64},[50,74335,81],{"class":68},[50,74337,19466],{"class":72},[50,74339,69],{"class":68},[50,74341,98],{"class":64},[50,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74345,36820],{"class":56},[50,74347,838],{"class":64},[50,74349,74250],{"class":158},[50,74351,9354],{"class":64},[50,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74355,366],{"class":151},[50,74357,155],{"class":64},[50,74359,36820],{"class":158},[50,74361,186],{"class":64},[20,74363,189],{},[41,74365,74367],{"className":43,"code":74366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74368,74369],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74372,4620],{"class":64},[50,74374,413],{"class":68},[50,74376,19466],{"class":72},[50,74378,413],{"class":68},[50,74380,78],{"class":64},[50,74382,408],{"class":68},[50,74384,353],{"class":72},[50,74386,413],{"class":68},[50,74388,78],{"class":64},[50,74390,408],{"class":68},[50,74392,344],{"class":72},[50,74394,413],{"class":68},[50,74396,78],{"class":64},[50,74398,408],{"class":68},[50,74400,335],{"class":72},[50,74402,413],{"class":68},[50,74404,98],{"class":64},[36,74406,256],{"id":255},[20,74408,2882],{},[41,74410,74412],{"className":43,"code":74411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74413,74414],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74415,74416,74418,74420,74422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74417,9051],{"class":56},[50,74419,838],{"class":64},[50,74421,74250],{"class":158},[50,74423,9354],{"class":64},[20,74425,13755],{},[233,74427,74428,74431,74434],{},[236,74429,74430],{},"No arguments are needed",[236,74432,74433],{},"You call it on an existing list",[236,74435,74436],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74438,2931],{},[41,74440,74442],{"className":43,"code":74441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74443,74444,74476,74486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74445,74446,74448,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74447,13779],{"class":56},[50,74449,61],{"class":60},[50,74451,65],{"class":64},[50,74453,69],{"class":68},[50,74455,13796],{"class":72},[50,74457,69],{"class":68},[50,74459,78],{"class":64},[50,74461,81],{"class":68},[50,74463,18154],{"class":72},[50,74465,69],{"class":68},[50,74467,78],{"class":64},[50,74469,81],{"class":68},[50,74471,13813],{"class":72},[50,74473,69],{"class":68},[50,74475,98],{"class":64},[50,74477,74478,74480,74482,74484],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74479,18201],{"class":56},[50,74481,838],{"class":64},[50,74483,74250],{"class":158},[50,74485,9354],{"class":64},[50,74487,74488,74490,74492,74494],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74489,366],{"class":151},[50,74491,155],{"class":64},[50,74493,18201],{"class":158},[50,74495,186],{"class":64},[20,74497,189],{},[41,74499,74501],{"className":43,"code":74500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74502,74503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74504,74505,74507,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74506,4620],{"class":64},[50,74508,413],{"class":68},[50,74510,13813],{"class":72},[50,74512,413],{"class":68},[50,74514,78],{"class":64},[50,74516,408],{"class":68},[50,74518,18154],{"class":72},[50,74520,413],{"class":68},[50,74522,78],{"class":64},[50,74524,408],{"class":68},[50,74526,13796],{"class":72},[50,74528,413],{"class":68},[50,74530,98],{"class":64},[36,74532,12178],{"id":12177},[20,74534,74535],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[41,74537,74539],{"className":43,"code":74538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74540,74541,74565,74575],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74542,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74544,302],{"class":56},[50,74546,61],{"class":60},[50,74548,65],{"class":64},[50,74550,1868],{"class":111},[50,74552,78],{"class":64},[50,74554,1873],{"class":111},[50,74556,78],{"class":64},[50,74558,1878],{"class":111},[50,74560,78],{"class":64},[50,74562,51520],{"class":111},[50,74564,98],{"class":64},[50,74566,74567,74569,74571,74573],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74568,381],{"class":56},[50,74570,838],{"class":64},[50,74572,74250],{"class":158},[50,74574,9354],{"class":64},[50,74576,74577,74579,74581,74583],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74578,366],{"class":151},[50,74580,155],{"class":64},[50,74582,381],{"class":158},[50,74584,186],{"class":64},[20,74586,189],{},[41,74588,74590],{"className":43,"code":74589,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74591,74592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74595,4620],{"class":64},[50,74597,57371],{"class":111},[50,74599,78],{"class":64},[50,74601,1878],{"class":111},[50,74603,78],{"class":64},[50,74605,1873],{"class":111},[50,74607,78],{"class":64},[50,74609,6717],{"class":111},[50,74611,98],{"class":64},[20,74613,12387],{},[233,74615,74616,74622,74627],{},[236,74617,74618,74619],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74620,74621],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[236,74623,74624,74626],{},[15,74625,74194],{}," flips the order",[236,74628,74629],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[36,74631,74633,74635],{"id":74632},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74634,74194],{}," changes the original list",[20,74637,74638,74639,74642],{},"This method is ",[4465,74640,74641],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[41,74644,74646],{"className":43,"code":74645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74647,74648,74680,74690,74694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74649,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74651,36916],{"class":56},[50,74653,61],{"class":60},[50,74655,65],{"class":64},[50,74657,69],{"class":68},[50,74659,4797],{"class":72},[50,74661,69],{"class":68},[50,74663,78],{"class":64},[50,74665,81],{"class":68},[50,74667,4806],{"class":72},[50,74669,69],{"class":68},[50,74671,78],{"class":64},[50,74673,81],{"class":68},[50,74675,4815],{"class":72},[50,74677,69],{"class":68},[50,74679,98],{"class":64},[50,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74683,36968],{"class":56},[50,74685,838],{"class":64},[50,74687,74250],{"class":158},[50,74689,9354],{"class":64},[50,74691,74692],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74693,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,74695,74696,74698,74700,74702],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,74697,366],{"class":151},[50,74699,155],{"class":64},[50,74701,36968],{"class":158},[50,74703,186],{"class":64},[20,74705,189],{},[41,74707,74709],{"className":43,"code":74708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74710,74711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74712,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74714,4620],{"class":64},[50,74716,413],{"class":68},[50,74718,4815],{"class":72},[50,74720,413],{"class":68},[50,74722,78],{"class":64},[50,74724,408],{"class":68},[50,74726,4806],{"class":72},[50,74728,413],{"class":68},[50,74730,78],{"class":64},[50,74732,408],{"class":68},[50,74734,4797],{"class":72},[50,74736,413],{"class":68},[50,74738,98],{"class":64},[20,74740,221,74741,74743],{},[15,74742,74194],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74745,74746],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[41,74748,74750],{"className":43,"code":74749,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74751,74752,74784,74802,74806,74816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74753,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74755,36916],{"class":56},[50,74757,61],{"class":60},[50,74759,65],{"class":64},[50,74761,69],{"class":68},[50,74763,4797],{"class":72},[50,74765,69],{"class":68},[50,74767,78],{"class":64},[50,74769,81],{"class":68},[50,74771,4806],{"class":72},[50,74773,69],{"class":68},[50,74775,78],{"class":64},[50,74777,81],{"class":68},[50,74779,4815],{"class":72},[50,74781,69],{"class":68},[50,74783,98],{"class":64},[50,74785,74786,74789,74791,74793,74796,74798,74800],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74787,74788],{"class":56},"reversed_fruits ",[50,74790,61],{"class":60},[50,74792,53529],{"class":56},[50,74794,74795],{"class":64},"[::",[50,74797,2746],{"class":60},[50,74799,309],{"class":111},[50,74801,98],{"class":64},[50,74803,74804],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74805,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,74809,366],{"class":151},[50,74811,155],{"class":64},[50,74813,36968],{"class":158},[50,74815,186],{"class":64},[50,74817,74818,74820,74822,74825],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,74819,366],{"class":151},[50,74821,155],{"class":64},[50,74823,74824],{"class":158},"reversed_fruits",[50,74826,186],{"class":64},[20,74828,189],{},[41,74830,74832],{"className":43,"code":74831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74833,74834,74862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74835,74836,74838,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74837,4620],{"class":64},[50,74839,413],{"class":68},[50,74841,4797],{"class":72},[50,74843,413],{"class":68},[50,74845,78],{"class":64},[50,74847,408],{"class":68},[50,74849,4806],{"class":72},[50,74851,413],{"class":68},[50,74853,78],{"class":64},[50,74855,408],{"class":68},[50,74857,4815],{"class":72},[50,74859,413],{"class":68},[50,74861,98],{"class":64},[50,74863,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74865,4620],{"class":64},[50,74867,413],{"class":68},[50,74869,4815],{"class":72},[50,74871,413],{"class":68},[50,74873,78],{"class":64},[50,74875,408],{"class":68},[50,74877,4806],{"class":72},[50,74879,413],{"class":68},[50,74881,78],{"class":64},[50,74883,408],{"class":68},[50,74885,4797],{"class":72},[50,74887,413],{"class":68},[50,74889,98],{"class":64},[20,74891,74892,74893,838],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[335,74894,74895],{"href":74212},"Python list slicing explained",[36,74897,74899],{"id":74898},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74901,74902],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[41,74904,74906],{"className":43,"code":74905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74907,74908,74928,74942,74946,74957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74911,302],{"class":56},[50,74913,61],{"class":60},[50,74915,65],{"class":64},[50,74917,309],{"class":111},[50,74919,78],{"class":64},[50,74921,314],{"class":111},[50,74923,78],{"class":64},[50,74925,319],{"class":111},[50,74927,98],{"class":64},[50,74929,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74931,56568],{"class":56},[50,74933,61],{"class":60},[50,74935,4982],{"class":56},[50,74937,838],{"class":64},[50,74939,74250],{"class":158},[50,74941,9354],{"class":64},[50,74943,74944],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,74945,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,74947,74948,74950,74952,74955],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,74949,366],{"class":151},[50,74951,155],{"class":64},[50,74953,74954],{"class":158},"new_list",[50,74956,186],{"class":64},[50,74958,74959,74961,74963,74965],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,74960,366],{"class":151},[50,74962,155],{"class":64},[50,74964,381],{"class":158},[50,74966,186],{"class":64},[20,74968,189],{},[41,74970,74972],{"className":43,"code":74971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74973,74974,74978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74975,74976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74977,12512],{"class":1806},[50,74979,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,74981,4620],{"class":64},[50,74983,437],{"class":111},[50,74985,78],{"class":64},[50,74987,314],{"class":111},[50,74989,78],{"class":64},[50,74991,6212],{"class":111},[50,74993,98],{"class":64},[20,74995,12604],{},[233,74997,74998,75006,75010],{},[236,74999,75000,75002,75003,75005],{},[15,75001,74194],{}," changes ",[15,75004,381],{}," directly",[236,75007,41583,75008,72512],{},[4465,75009,5351],{},[236,75011,54331,75012,42831,75014],{},[15,75013,74954],{},[15,75015,4501],{},[20,75017,62577],{},[41,75019,75021],{"className":43,"code":75020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75022,75023,75043,75053,75057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75024,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75026,302],{"class":56},[50,75028,61],{"class":60},[50,75030,65],{"class":64},[50,75032,309],{"class":111},[50,75034,78],{"class":64},[50,75036,314],{"class":111},[50,75038,78],{"class":64},[50,75040,319],{"class":111},[50,75042,98],{"class":64},[50,75044,75045,75047,75049,75051],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75046,381],{"class":56},[50,75048,838],{"class":64},[50,75050,74250],{"class":158},[50,75052,9354],{"class":64},[50,75054,75055],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75056,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75060,366],{"class":151},[50,75062,155],{"class":64},[50,75064,381],{"class":158},[50,75066,186],{"class":64},[20,75068,189],{},[41,75070,75072],{"className":43,"code":75071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75073,75074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75077,4620],{"class":64},[50,75079,437],{"class":111},[50,75081,78],{"class":64},[50,75083,314],{"class":111},[50,75085,78],{"class":64},[50,75087,6212],{"class":111},[50,75089,98],{"class":64},[36,75091,75093,11286,75095,75098],{"id":75092},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,75094,74194],{},[15,75096,75097],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,75100,75101],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1112,75103,75104],{"id":74250},[15,75105,74194],{},[20,75107,75108,75110],{},[15,75109,74194],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[41,75112,75114],{"className":43,"code":75113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75115,75116,75136,75146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75119,302],{"class":56},[50,75121,61],{"class":60},[50,75123,65],{"class":64},[50,75125,437],{"class":111},[50,75127,78],{"class":64},[50,75129,6212],{"class":111},[50,75131,78],{"class":64},[50,75133,314],{"class":111},[50,75135,98],{"class":64},[50,75137,75138,75140,75142,75144],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75139,381],{"class":56},[50,75141,838],{"class":64},[50,75143,74250],{"class":158},[50,75145,9354],{"class":64},[50,75147,75148,75150,75152,75154],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75149,366],{"class":151},[50,75151,155],{"class":64},[50,75153,381],{"class":158},[50,75155,186],{"class":64},[20,75157,189],{},[41,75159,75161],{"className":43,"code":75160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75162,75163],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75164,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75166,4620],{"class":64},[50,75168,422],{"class":111},[50,75170,78],{"class":64},[50,75172,6212],{"class":111},[50,75174,78],{"class":64},[50,75176,319],{"class":111},[50,75178,98],{"class":64},[20,75180,75181,75182,75184],{},"Notice that this is ",[4465,75183,5351],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1112,75186,75188],{"id":75187},"sorted",[15,75189,75097],{},[20,75191,75192,75197],{},[335,75193,75195],{"href":75194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75196,75097],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[41,75199,75201],{"className":43,"code":75200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75202,75203,75223,75238,75242,75252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75204,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75206,302],{"class":56},[50,75208,61],{"class":60},[50,75210,65],{"class":64},[50,75212,437],{"class":111},[50,75214,78],{"class":64},[50,75216,6212],{"class":111},[50,75218,78],{"class":64},[50,75220,314],{"class":111},[50,75222,98],{"class":64},[50,75224,75225,75227,75229,75232,75234,75236],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75226,2954],{"class":56},[50,75228,61],{"class":60},[50,75230,75231],{"class":151}," sorted",[50,75233,155],{"class":64},[50,75235,381],{"class":158},[50,75237,186],{"class":64},[50,75239,75240],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75241,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75243,75244,75246,75248,75250],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75245,366],{"class":151},[50,75247,155],{"class":64},[50,75249,381],{"class":158},[50,75251,186],{"class":64},[50,75253,75254,75256,75258,75260],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,75255,366],{"class":151},[50,75257,155],{"class":64},[50,75259,2989],{"class":158},[50,75261,186],{"class":64},[20,75263,189],{},[41,75265,75267],{"className":43,"code":75266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75268,75269,75285],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75270,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75272,4620],{"class":64},[50,75274,437],{"class":111},[50,75276,78],{"class":64},[50,75278,6212],{"class":111},[50,75280,78],{"class":64},[50,75282,314],{"class":111},[50,75284,98],{"class":64},[50,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75288,4620],{"class":64},[50,75290,309],{"class":111},[50,75292,78],{"class":64},[50,75294,314],{"class":111},[50,75296,78],{"class":64},[50,75298,319],{"class":111},[50,75300,98],{"class":64},[20,75302,75303,75304,838],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75305,75306],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1112,75308,75310],{"id":75309},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75312,75313,75314,75317],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75315,75316],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[41,75319,75321],{"className":43,"code":75320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75322,75323,75343,75359,75363,75373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75324,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75326,302],{"class":56},[50,75328,61],{"class":60},[50,75330,65],{"class":64},[50,75332,437],{"class":111},[50,75334,78],{"class":64},[50,75336,6212],{"class":111},[50,75338,78],{"class":64},[50,75340,314],{"class":111},[50,75342,98],{"class":64},[50,75344,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75346,2954],{"class":56},[50,75348,61],{"class":60},[50,75350,4982],{"class":56},[50,75352,74795],{"class":64},[50,75354,2746],{"class":60},[50,75356,309],{"class":111},[50,75358,98],{"class":64},[50,75360,75361],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75362,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75364,75365,75367,75369,75371],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75366,366],{"class":151},[50,75368,155],{"class":64},[50,75370,381],{"class":158},[50,75372,186],{"class":64},[50,75374,75375,75377,75379,75381],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,75376,366],{"class":151},[50,75378,155],{"class":64},[50,75380,2989],{"class":158},[50,75382,186],{"class":64},[20,75384,189],{},[41,75386,75388],{"className":43,"code":75387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75389,75390,75406],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75391,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75393,4620],{"class":64},[50,75395,437],{"class":111},[50,75397,78],{"class":64},[50,75399,6212],{"class":111},[50,75401,78],{"class":64},[50,75403,314],{"class":111},[50,75405,98],{"class":64},[50,75407,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75409,4620],{"class":64},[50,75411,422],{"class":111},[50,75413,78],{"class":64},[50,75415,6212],{"class":111},[50,75417,78],{"class":64},[50,75419,319],{"class":111},[50,75421,98],{"class":64},[1112,75423,75425],{"id":75424},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[233,75427,75428,75433,75438],{},[236,75429,221,75430,75432],{},[15,75431,74194],{}," when you want to change the original list",[236,75434,221,75435,75437],{},[15,75436,75316],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[236,75439,221,75440,75442],{},[15,75441,75097],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75444,75445,75446,75452],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[335,75447,75449,75450,11442],{"href":75448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75451,64991],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[36,75454,5681,75456],{"id":75455},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75457,74194],{},[20,75459,75460,75462],{},[15,75461,74194],{}," is a good choice:",[233,75464,75465,75468,75471],{},[236,75466,75467],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[236,75469,75470],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[236,75472,75473],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75475,75476,75477,838],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[335,75478,75480],{"href":75479},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[36,75482,3553],{"id":3552},[20,75484,75485,75486,75488],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75487,74194],{}," for these reasons:",[233,75490,75491,75495,75500,75505],{},[236,75492,13299,75493,13302],{},[15,75494,74194],{},[236,75496,2120,75497,75499],{},[15,75498,74194],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[236,75501,2447,75502,75504],{},[15,75503,74194],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[236,75506,37881,75507,9416,75509],{},[15,75508,74194],{},[15,75510,75511],{},"reversed()",[20,75513,75514],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[41,75516,75518],{"className":43,"code":75517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75519,75520,75532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75521,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75523,35372],{"class":56},[50,75525,61],{"class":60},[50,75527,81],{"class":68},[50,75529,4568],{"class":72},[50,75531,4082],{"class":68},[50,75533,75534,75536,75538,75540],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75535,35393],{"class":56},[50,75537,838],{"class":64},[50,75539,74250],{"class":158},[50,75541,9354],{"class":64},[20,75543,75544,75545,34285],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75546,74194],{},[20,75548,75549],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[41,75551,75553],{"className":43,"code":75552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75554,75555,75575,75579,75589,75603,75607,75621,75631,75635],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75556,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75558,9020],{"class":56},[50,75560,61],{"class":60},[50,75562,65],{"class":64},[50,75564,309],{"class":111},[50,75566,78],{"class":64},[50,75568,314],{"class":111},[50,75570,78],{"class":64},[50,75572,319],{"class":111},[50,75574,98],{"class":64},[50,75576,75577],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75578,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75580,75581,75583,75585,75587],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75582,366],{"class":151},[50,75584,155],{"class":64},[50,75586,9051],{"class":158},[50,75588,186],{"class":64},[50,75590,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75592,366],{"class":151},[50,75594,155],{"class":64},[50,75596,3945],{"class":371},[50,75598,155],{"class":64},[50,75600,9051],{"class":158},[50,75602,1077],{"class":64},[50,75604,75605],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,75606,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75608,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,75610,2954],{"class":56},[50,75612,61],{"class":60},[50,75614,9107],{"class":56},[50,75616,838],{"class":64},[50,75618,74250],{"class":158},[50,75620,9354],{"class":64},[50,75622,75623,75625,75627,75629],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,75624,366],{"class":151},[50,75626,155],{"class":64},[50,75628,2989],{"class":158},[50,75630,186],{"class":64},[50,75632,75633],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,75634,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75636,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,75638,366],{"class":151},[50,75640,155],{"class":64},[50,75642,9051],{"class":158},[50,75644,74795],{"class":64},[50,75646,2746],{"class":60},[50,75648,309],{"class":111},[50,75650,2210],{"class":64},[20,75652,189],{},[41,75654,75656],{"className":43,"code":75655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75657,75658,75674,75688,75692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75659,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75661,4620],{"class":64},[50,75663,309],{"class":111},[50,75665,78],{"class":64},[50,75667,314],{"class":111},[50,75669,78],{"class":64},[50,75671,319],{"class":111},[50,75673,98],{"class":64},[50,75675,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75677,4014],{"class":60},[50,75679,4017],{"class":752},[50,75681,408],{"class":68},[50,75683,372],{"class":72},[50,75685,413],{"class":68},[50,75687,4026],{"class":60},[50,75689,75690],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75691,12512],{"class":1806},[50,75693,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75695,4620],{"class":64},[50,75697,309],{"class":111},[50,75699,78],{"class":64},[50,75701,314],{"class":111},[50,75703,78],{"class":64},[50,75705,6212],{"class":111},[50,75707,98],{"class":64},[20,75709,75710],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[41,75712,75714],{"className":43,"code":75713,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75715,75716,75736,75740,75750,75764,75768,75782,75792,75802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75717,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75719,9020],{"class":56},[50,75721,61],{"class":60},[50,75723,65],{"class":64},[50,75725,309],{"class":111},[50,75727,78],{"class":64},[50,75729,314],{"class":111},[50,75731,78],{"class":64},[50,75733,319],{"class":111},[50,75735,98],{"class":64},[50,75737,75738],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75739,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75741,75742,75744,75746,75748],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75743,366],{"class":151},[50,75745,155],{"class":64},[50,75747,9051],{"class":158},[50,75749,186],{"class":64},[50,75751,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75753,366],{"class":151},[50,75755,155],{"class":64},[50,75757,3945],{"class":371},[50,75759,155],{"class":64},[50,75761,9051],{"class":158},[50,75763,1077],{"class":64},[50,75765,75766],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,75767,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,75769,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,75771,2954],{"class":56},[50,75773,61],{"class":60},[50,75775,9107],{"class":56},[50,75777,838],{"class":64},[50,75779,74250],{"class":158},[50,75781,9354],{"class":64},[50,75783,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,75785,366],{"class":151},[50,75787,155],{"class":64},[50,75789,2989],{"class":158},[50,75791,186],{"class":64},[50,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,75795,366],{"class":151},[50,75797,155],{"class":64},[50,75799,9051],{"class":158},[50,75801,186],{"class":64},[50,75803,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,75805,366],{"class":151},[50,75807,155],{"class":64},[50,75809,9051],{"class":158},[50,75811,74795],{"class":64},[50,75813,2746],{"class":60},[50,75815,309],{"class":111},[50,75817,2210],{"class":64},[20,75819,189],{},[41,75821,75823],{"className":43,"code":75822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75824,75825,75841,75855,75859,75875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75826,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75828,4620],{"class":64},[50,75830,309],{"class":111},[50,75832,78],{"class":64},[50,75834,314],{"class":111},[50,75836,78],{"class":64},[50,75838,319],{"class":111},[50,75840,98],{"class":64},[50,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,75844,4014],{"class":60},[50,75846,4017],{"class":752},[50,75848,408],{"class":68},[50,75850,372],{"class":72},[50,75852,413],{"class":68},[50,75854,4026],{"class":60},[50,75856,75857],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,75858,12512],{"class":1806},[50,75860,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,75862,4620],{"class":64},[50,75864,437],{"class":111},[50,75866,78],{"class":64},[50,75868,314],{"class":111},[50,75870,78],{"class":64},[50,75872,6212],{"class":111},[50,75874,98],{"class":64},[50,75876,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,75878,4620],{"class":64},[50,75880,309],{"class":111},[50,75882,78],{"class":64},[50,75884,314],{"class":111},[50,75886,78],{"class":64},[50,75888,319],{"class":111},[50,75890,98],{"class":64},[20,75892,75893],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[233,75895,75896,75905,75914],{},[236,75897,28486,75898,75901,75902],{},[15,75899,75900],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75903,75904],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[236,75906,12620,75907,75910,75911,1191],{},[15,75908,75909],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[4465,75912,75913],{},"current",[236,75915,75916,75917],{},"So it prints ",[15,75918,75919],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[36,75921,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,75923,2569,75925,56147],{"id":75924},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75926,74199],{},[20,75928,63282,75929,838],{},[15,75930,4501],{},[1112,75932,34890,75934,34893,75936,2582],{"id":75933},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75935,74194],{},[15,75937,75938],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75940,75941,75943],{},[15,75942,74194],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75945,75946,75948],{},[15,75947,75938],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1112,75950,29019,75952,75954],{"id":75951},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75953,74194],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75956,47041,75957,75959],{},[15,75958,74194],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1112,75961,75963],{"id":75962},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75965,75966],{},"Use slicing:",[41,75968,75970],{"className":43,"code":75969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75971,75972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75973,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75975,9051],{"class":56},[50,75977,74795],{"class":64},[50,75979,2746],{"class":60},[50,75981,309],{"class":111},[50,75983,98],{"class":64},[20,75985,75986],{},"Or use:",[41,75988,75990],{"className":43,"code":75989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75991,75992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75993,75994,75996,75998,76001,76003,76005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75995,372],{"class":371},[50,75997,155],{"class":64},[50,75999,76000],{"class":151},"reversed",[50,76002,155],{"class":64},[50,76004,9051],{"class":158},[50,76006,1077],{"class":64},[20,76008,76009,76010,76014],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[335,76011,56198,76012],{"href":55638},[15,76013,13480],{}," can also help.",[36,76016,2610],{"id":2609},[233,76018,76019,76025,76031,76035,76039],{},[236,76020,76021],{},[335,76022,56198,76023,11442],{"href":75448},[15,76024,64991],{},[236,76026,76027],{},[335,76028,13,76029,2551],{"href":75194},[15,76030,75097],{},[236,76032,76033],{},[335,76034,75480],{"href":75479},[236,76036,76037],{},[335,76038,74895],{"href":74212},[236,76040,76041],{},[335,76042,56198,76043,11442],{"href":55638},[15,76044,13480],{},[2640,76046,76047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":76049},[76050,76051,76053,76054,76055,76057,76058,76065,76067,76068,76077],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":74273,"depth":101,"text":76052},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":74632,"depth":101,"text":76056},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74898,"depth":101,"text":74899},{"id":75092,"depth":101,"text":76059,"children":76060},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[76061,76062,76063,76064],{"id":74250,"depth":127,"text":74194},{"id":75187,"depth":127,"text":75097},{"id":75309,"depth":127,"text":75310},{"id":75424,"depth":127,"text":75425},{"id":75455,"depth":101,"text":76066},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":76069},[76070,76072,76074,76076],{"id":75924,"depth":127,"text":76071},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75933,"depth":127,"text":76073},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75951,"depth":127,"text":76075},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75962,"depth":127,"text":75963},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74186,"description":76078},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":76085,"title":76086,"body":76087,"description":78520,"extension":2687,"meta":78521,"navigation":130,"path":78522,"seo":78523,"stem":78524,"__hash__":78525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":76088,"toc":78488},[76089,76092,76104,76107,76130,76138,76140,76252,76261,76265,76268,76271,76358,76360,76393,76395,76418,76424,76428,76431,76453,76455,76472,76475,76495,76497,76607,76609,76686,76690,76693,76736,76738,76871,76873,76975,76980,76984,76987,76989,77003,77006,77120,77122,77196,77198,77226,77230,77235,77265,77268,77394,77396,77478,77484,77488,77490,77529,77538,77542,77545,77549,77596,77598,77606,77610,77661,77663,77676,77678,77692,77695,77703,77705,77752,77754,77762,77765,77808,77813,77816,77819,77842,77846,77897,77900,77921,77931,77935,77937,77967,77970,77993,77997,78000,78067,78069,78106,78109,78117,78184,78186,78223,78229,78236,78240,78243,78273,78278,78282,78285,78309,78312,78406,78416,78418,78422,78425,78429,78432,78437,78440,78446,78449,78451,78479,78485],[10,76090,76086],{"id":76091},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,76093,76094,76095,2912,76097,17772,76100,76103],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,76096,36750],{},[15,76098,76099],{},"stop",[15,76101,76102],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,76105,76106],{},"The basic slice form is:",[41,76108,76110],{"className":43,"code":76109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,76111,76112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76113,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76115,9051],{"class":56},[50,76117,4620],{"class":64},[50,76119,36750],{"class":56},[50,76121,1408],{"class":64},[50,76123,76099],{"class":56},[50,76125,1408],{"class":64},[50,76127,76102],{"class":56},[50,76129,98],{"class":64},[20,76131,76132,76133,76135,76136,838],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,76134,76099],{}," position is ",[4465,76137,65747],{},[36,76139,39],{"id":38},[41,76141,76143],{"className":43,"code":76142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76144,76145,76173,76177,76198,76216,76233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76146,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76148,302],{"class":56},[50,76150,61],{"class":60},[50,76152,65],{"class":64},[50,76154,1868],{"class":111},[50,76156,78],{"class":64},[50,76158,1873],{"class":111},[50,76160,78],{"class":64},[50,76162,1878],{"class":111},[50,76164,78],{"class":64},[50,76166,51520],{"class":111},[50,76168,78],{"class":64},[50,76170,5798],{"class":111},[50,76172,98],{"class":64},[50,76174,76175],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76176,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,76178,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76180,366],{"class":151},[50,76182,155],{"class":64},[50,76184,381],{"class":158},[50,76186,4620],{"class":64},[50,76188,309],{"class":111},[50,76190,1408],{"class":64},[50,76192,1089],{"class":111},[50,76194,21144],{"class":64},[50,76196,76197],{"class":4385},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[50,76199,76200,76202,76204,76206,76209,76211,76213],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76201,366],{"class":151},[50,76203,155],{"class":64},[50,76205,381],{"class":158},[50,76207,76208],{"class":64},"[:",[50,76210,437],{"class":111},[50,76212,21144],{"class":64},[50,76214,76215],{"class":4385},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[50,76217,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,76219,366],{"class":151},[50,76221,155],{"class":64},[50,76223,381],{"class":158},[50,76225,74795],{"class":64},[50,76227,422],{"class":111},[50,76229,21144],{"class":64},[50,76231,76232],{"class":4385},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[50,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,76236,366],{"class":151},[50,76238,155],{"class":64},[50,76240,381],{"class":158},[50,76242,74795],{"class":64},[50,76244,2746],{"class":60},[50,76246,309],{"class":111},[50,76248,21144],{"class":64},[50,76250,76251],{"class":4385},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76253,221,76254,76257,76258,76260],{},[15,76255,76256],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76259,76099],{}," value is not included.",[36,76262,76264],{"id":76263},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76266,76267],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76269,76270],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[41,76272,76274],{"className":43,"code":76273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76275,76276,76324,76328,76347],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76277,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76279,326],{"class":56},[50,76281,61],{"class":60},[50,76283,65],{"class":64},[50,76285,69],{"class":68},[50,76287,335],{"class":72},[50,76289,69],{"class":68},[50,76291,78],{"class":64},[50,76293,81],{"class":68},[50,76295,344],{"class":72},[50,76297,69],{"class":68},[50,76299,78],{"class":64},[50,76301,81],{"class":68},[50,76303,353],{"class":72},[50,76305,69],{"class":68},[50,76307,78],{"class":64},[50,76309,81],{"class":68},[50,76311,19466],{"class":72},[50,76313,69],{"class":68},[50,76315,78],{"class":64},[50,76317,81],{"class":68},[50,76319,61126],{"class":72},[50,76321,69],{"class":68},[50,76323,98],{"class":64},[50,76325,76326],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76327,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,76329,76330,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76331,76332],{"class":56},"part ",[50,76334,61],{"class":60},[50,76336,386],{"class":56},[50,76338,4620],{"class":64},[50,76340,309],{"class":111},[50,76342,1408],{"class":64},[50,76344,1089],{"class":111},[50,76346,98],{"class":64},[50,76348,76349,76351,76353,76356],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76350,366],{"class":151},[50,76352,155],{"class":64},[50,76354,76355],{"class":158},"part",[50,76357,186],{"class":64},[20,76359,189],{},[41,76361,76363],{"className":43,"code":76362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76364,76365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76366,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76368,4620],{"class":64},[50,76370,413],{"class":68},[50,76372,344],{"class":72},[50,76374,413],{"class":68},[50,76376,78],{"class":64},[50,76378,408],{"class":68},[50,76380,353],{"class":72},[50,76382,413],{"class":68},[50,76384,78],{"class":64},[50,76386,408],{"class":68},[50,76388,19466],{"class":72},[50,76390,413],{"class":68},[50,76392,98],{"class":64},[20,76394,13755],{},[233,76396,76397,76400,76403,76409,76415],{},[236,76398,76399],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[236,76401,76402],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[236,76404,76405,76406],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76407,76408],{},"list[start:stop]",[236,76410,76411,76412,76414],{},"The item at ",[15,76413,76099],{}," is not included",[236,76416,76417],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76419,76420,76421,838],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[335,76422,76423],{"href":51656},"beginner guide to Python lists",[36,76425,76427],{"id":76426},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76429,76430],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[41,76432,76433],{"className":43,"code":76109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,76434,76435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76438,9051],{"class":56},[50,76440,4620],{"class":64},[50,76442,36750],{"class":56},[50,76444,1408],{"class":64},[50,76446,76099],{"class":56},[50,76448,1408],{"class":64},[50,76450,76102],{"class":56},[50,76452,98],{"class":64},[20,76454,65723],{},[233,76456,76457,76462,76467],{},[236,76458,76459,76461],{},[15,76460,36750],{}," is where slicing begins",[236,76463,76464,76466],{},[15,76465,76099],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[236,76468,76469,76471],{},[15,76470,76102],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76473,76474],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[233,76476,76477,76483,76488],{},[236,76478,76479,76480,76482],{},"Missing ",[15,76481,36750],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[236,76484,76479,76485,76487],{},[15,76486,76099],{}," means go to the end of the list",[236,76489,76479,76490,76492,76493],{},[15,76491,76102],{}," means use ",[15,76494,309],{},[20,76496,2931],{},[41,76498,76500],{"className":43,"code":76499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76501,76502,76530,76534,76555,76572,76590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76503,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76505,302],{"class":56},[50,76507,61],{"class":60},[50,76509,65],{"class":64},[50,76511,1868],{"class":111},[50,76513,78],{"class":64},[50,76515,1873],{"class":111},[50,76517,78],{"class":64},[50,76519,1878],{"class":111},[50,76521,78],{"class":64},[50,76523,51520],{"class":111},[50,76525,78],{"class":64},[50,76527,5798],{"class":111},[50,76529,98],{"class":64},[50,76531,76532],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76533,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,76535,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76537,366],{"class":151},[50,76539,155],{"class":64},[50,76541,381],{"class":158},[50,76543,4620],{"class":64},[50,76545,309],{"class":111},[50,76547,1408],{"class":64},[50,76549,1089],{"class":111},[50,76551,21144],{"class":64},[50,76553,76554],{"class":4385},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[50,76556,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76558,366],{"class":151},[50,76560,155],{"class":64},[50,76562,381],{"class":158},[50,76564,76208],{"class":64},[50,76566,437],{"class":111},[50,76568,21144],{"class":64},[50,76570,76571],{"class":4385},"    # start from the beginning\n",[50,76573,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76587],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,76575,366],{"class":151},[50,76577,155],{"class":64},[50,76579,381],{"class":158},[50,76581,4620],{"class":64},[50,76583,422],{"class":111},[50,76585,76586],{"class":64},":])",[50,76588,76589],{"class":4385},"    # go to the end\n",[50,76591,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,76593,366],{"class":151},[50,76595,155],{"class":64},[50,76597,381],{"class":158},[50,76599,74795],{"class":64},[50,76601,309],{"class":111},[50,76603,21144],{"class":64},[50,76605,76606],{"class":4385},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76608,189],{},[41,76610,76612],{"className":43,"code":76611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76613,76614,76630,76646,76662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76615,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76617,4620],{"class":64},[50,76619,16457],{"class":111},[50,76621,78],{"class":64},[50,76623,1878],{"class":111},[50,76625,78],{"class":64},[50,76627,51520],{"class":111},[50,76629,98],{"class":64},[50,76631,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76633,4620],{"class":64},[50,76635,1868],{"class":111},[50,76637,78],{"class":64},[50,76639,1873],{"class":111},[50,76641,78],{"class":64},[50,76643,1878],{"class":111},[50,76645,98],{"class":64},[50,76647,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76649,4620],{"class":64},[50,76651,37518],{"class":111},[50,76653,78],{"class":64},[50,76655,51520],{"class":111},[50,76657,78],{"class":64},[50,76659,5798],{"class":111},[50,76661,98],{"class":64},[50,76663,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76665,4620],{"class":64},[50,76667,1868],{"class":111},[50,76669,78],{"class":64},[50,76671,1873],{"class":111},[50,76673,78],{"class":64},[50,76675,1878],{"class":111},[50,76677,78],{"class":64},[50,76679,51520],{"class":111},[50,76681,78],{"class":64},[50,76683,5798],{"class":111},[50,76685,98],{"class":64},[36,76687,76689],{"id":76688},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76691,76692],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[233,76694,76695,76704,76713,76724,76730],{},[236,76696,76697,76700,76701,6678],{},[15,76698,76699],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76702,76703],{},"n",[236,76705,76706,76709,76710,76712],{},[15,76707,76708],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76711,76703],{}," to the end",[236,76714,76715,76718,76719,76721,76722],{},[15,76716,76717],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76720,335],{}," up to ",[15,76723,344],{},[236,76725,76726,76729],{},[15,76727,76728],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[236,76731,76732,76735],{},[15,76733,76734],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76737,2931],{},[41,76739,76741],{"className":43,"code":76740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76742,76743,76776,76780,76797,76814,76835,76852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76744,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76746,302],{"class":56},[50,76748,61],{"class":60},[50,76750,65],{"class":64},[50,76752,1868],{"class":111},[50,76754,78],{"class":64},[50,76756,1873],{"class":111},[50,76758,78],{"class":64},[50,76760,1878],{"class":111},[50,76762,78],{"class":64},[50,76764,51520],{"class":111},[50,76766,78],{"class":64},[50,76768,5798],{"class":111},[50,76770,78],{"class":64},[50,76772,76773],{"class":111}," 60",[50,76775,98],{"class":64},[50,76777,76778],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76779,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,76781,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76783,366],{"class":151},[50,76785,155],{"class":64},[50,76787,381],{"class":158},[50,76789,76208],{"class":64},[50,76791,437],{"class":111},[50,76793,21144],{"class":64},[50,76795,76796],{"class":4385},"    # first 3 items\n",[50,76798,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76800,366],{"class":151},[50,76802,155],{"class":64},[50,76804,381],{"class":158},[50,76806,4620],{"class":64},[50,76808,437],{"class":111},[50,76810,76586],{"class":64},[50,76812,76813],{"class":4385},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[50,76815,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,76817,366],{"class":151},[50,76819,155],{"class":64},[50,76821,381],{"class":158},[50,76823,4620],{"class":64},[50,76825,309],{"class":111},[50,76827,1408],{"class":64},[50,76829,2859],{"class":111},[50,76831,21144],{"class":64},[50,76833,76834],{"class":4385},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[50,76836,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,76838,366],{"class":151},[50,76840,155],{"class":64},[50,76842,381],{"class":158},[50,76844,74795],{"class":64},[50,76846,422],{"class":111},[50,76848,21144],{"class":64},[50,76850,76851],{"class":4385},"   # every second item\n",[50,76853,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,76855,366],{"class":151},[50,76857,155],{"class":64},[50,76859,381],{"class":158},[50,76861,74795],{"class":64},[50,76863,2746],{"class":60},[50,76865,309],{"class":111},[50,76867,21144],{"class":64},[50,76869,76870],{"class":4385},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76872,189],{},[41,76874,76876],{"className":43,"code":76875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76877,76878,76894,76910,76930,76946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76879,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76881,4620],{"class":64},[50,76883,1868],{"class":111},[50,76885,78],{"class":64},[50,76887,1873],{"class":111},[50,76889,78],{"class":64},[50,76891,1878],{"class":111},[50,76893,98],{"class":64},[50,76895,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,76897,4620],{"class":64},[50,76899,57371],{"class":111},[50,76901,78],{"class":64},[50,76903,5798],{"class":111},[50,76905,78],{"class":64},[50,76907,76773],{"class":111},[50,76909,98],{"class":64},[50,76911,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,76913,4620],{"class":64},[50,76915,16457],{"class":111},[50,76917,78],{"class":64},[50,76919,1878],{"class":111},[50,76921,78],{"class":64},[50,76923,51520],{"class":111},[50,76925,78],{"class":64},[50,76927,5798],{"class":111},[50,76929,98],{"class":64},[50,76931,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,76933,4620],{"class":64},[50,76935,1868],{"class":111},[50,76937,78],{"class":64},[50,76939,1878],{"class":111},[50,76941,78],{"class":64},[50,76943,5798],{"class":111},[50,76945,98],{"class":64},[50,76947,76948,76950,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,76949,4620],{"class":64},[50,76951,76952],{"class":111},"60",[50,76954,78],{"class":64},[50,76956,5798],{"class":111},[50,76958,78],{"class":64},[50,76960,51520],{"class":111},[50,76962,78],{"class":64},[50,76964,1878],{"class":111},[50,76966,78],{"class":64},[50,76968,1873],{"class":111},[50,76970,78],{"class":64},[50,76972,6717],{"class":111},[50,76974,98],{"class":64},[20,76976,76977,76978,838],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[335,76979,15590],{"href":57897},[36,76981,76983],{"id":76982},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76985,76986],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76988,6186],{},[233,76990,76991,76997],{},[236,76992,76993,76996],{},[15,76994,76995],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[236,76998,76999,77002],{},[15,77000,77001],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,77004,77005],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[41,77007,77009],{"className":43,"code":77008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,77010,77011,77059,77063,77082,77101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77012,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77014,326],{"class":56},[50,77016,61],{"class":60},[50,77018,65],{"class":64},[50,77020,69],{"class":68},[50,77022,335],{"class":72},[50,77024,69],{"class":68},[50,77026,78],{"class":64},[50,77028,81],{"class":68},[50,77030,344],{"class":72},[50,77032,69],{"class":68},[50,77034,78],{"class":64},[50,77036,81],{"class":68},[50,77038,353],{"class":72},[50,77040,69],{"class":68},[50,77042,78],{"class":64},[50,77044,81],{"class":68},[50,77046,19466],{"class":72},[50,77048,69],{"class":68},[50,77050,78],{"class":64},[50,77052,81],{"class":68},[50,77054,61126],{"class":72},[50,77056,69],{"class":68},[50,77058,98],{"class":64},[50,77060,77061],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77062,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77064,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77066,366],{"class":151},[50,77068,155],{"class":64},[50,77070,36820],{"class":158},[50,77072,4620],{"class":64},[50,77074,2746],{"class":60},[50,77076,309],{"class":111},[50,77078,21144],{"class":64},[50,77080,77081],{"class":4385},"    # last item\n",[50,77083,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,77085,366],{"class":151},[50,77087,155],{"class":64},[50,77089,36820],{"class":158},[50,77091,4620],{"class":64},[50,77093,2746],{"class":60},[50,77095,437],{"class":111},[50,77097,76586],{"class":64},[50,77099,77100],{"class":4385},"   # last 3 items\n",[50,77102,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,77104,366],{"class":151},[50,77106,155],{"class":64},[50,77108,36820],{"class":158},[50,77110,76208],{"class":64},[50,77112,2746],{"class":60},[50,77114,309],{"class":111},[50,77116,21144],{"class":64},[50,77118,77119],{"class":4385},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,77121,189],{},[41,77123,77125],{"className":43,"code":77124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,77126,77127,77132,77160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77128,77129],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77130,77131],{"class":56},"e\n",[50,77133,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77135,4620],{"class":64},[50,77137,413],{"class":68},[50,77139,353],{"class":72},[50,77141,413],{"class":68},[50,77143,78],{"class":64},[50,77145,408],{"class":68},[50,77147,19466],{"class":72},[50,77149,413],{"class":68},[50,77151,78],{"class":64},[50,77153,408],{"class":68},[50,77155,61126],{"class":72},[50,77157,413],{"class":68},[50,77159,98],{"class":64},[50,77161,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77163,4620],{"class":64},[50,77165,413],{"class":68},[50,77167,335],{"class":72},[50,77169,413],{"class":68},[50,77171,78],{"class":64},[50,77173,408],{"class":68},[50,77175,344],{"class":72},[50,77177,413],{"class":68},[50,77179,78],{"class":64},[50,77181,408],{"class":68},[50,77183,353],{"class":72},[50,77185,413],{"class":68},[50,77187,78],{"class":64},[50,77189,408],{"class":68},[50,77191,19466],{"class":72},[50,77193,413],{"class":68},[50,77195,98],{"class":64},[20,77197,13755],{},[233,77199,77200,77203,77207,77213,77219],{},[236,77201,77202],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[236,77204,77205,76996],{},[15,77206,76995],{},[236,77208,77209,77212],{},[15,77210,77211],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[236,77214,77215,77218],{},[15,77216,77217],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[236,77220,77221,77222,827,77224],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77223,36750],{},[15,77225,76099],{},[36,77227,77229],{"id":77228},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77231,2704,77232,77234],{},[15,77233,76102],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[233,77236,77237,77240,77243,77248,77258],{},[236,77238,77239],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[236,77241,77242],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[236,77244,77245,77247],{},[15,77246,76734],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[236,77249,9587,77250,77252,77253,77255,77256],{},[15,77251,76102],{}," is negative, ",[15,77254,36750],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77257,76099],{},[236,77259,77260,77262,77263],{},[15,77261,76102],{}," cannot be ",[15,77264,2842],{},[20,77266,77267],{},"Example with different step values:",[41,77269,77271],{"className":43,"code":77270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77272,77273,77305,77309,77326,77348,77367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77274,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77276,302],{"class":56},[50,77278,61],{"class":60},[50,77280,65],{"class":64},[50,77282,1868],{"class":111},[50,77284,78],{"class":64},[50,77286,1873],{"class":111},[50,77288,78],{"class":64},[50,77290,1878],{"class":111},[50,77292,78],{"class":64},[50,77294,51520],{"class":111},[50,77296,78],{"class":64},[50,77298,5798],{"class":111},[50,77300,78],{"class":64},[50,77302,76773],{"class":111},[50,77304,98],{"class":64},[50,77306,77307],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77308,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77310,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77312,366],{"class":151},[50,77314,155],{"class":64},[50,77316,381],{"class":158},[50,77318,74795],{"class":64},[50,77320,422],{"class":111},[50,77322,21144],{"class":64},[50,77324,77325],{"class":4385},"     # every second item\n",[50,77327,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77341,77343,77345],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,77329,366],{"class":151},[50,77331,155],{"class":64},[50,77333,381],{"class":158},[50,77335,4620],{"class":64},[50,77337,309],{"class":111},[50,77339,77340],{"class":64},"::",[50,77342,422],{"class":111},[50,77344,21144],{"class":64},[50,77346,77347],{"class":4385},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[50,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,77351,366],{"class":151},[50,77353,155],{"class":64},[50,77355,381],{"class":158},[50,77357,74795],{"class":64},[50,77359,2746],{"class":60},[50,77361,309],{"class":111},[50,77363,21144],{"class":64},[50,77365,77366],{"class":4385},"    # reverse the list\n",[50,77368,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,77370,366],{"class":151},[50,77372,155],{"class":64},[50,77374,381],{"class":158},[50,77376,4620],{"class":64},[50,77378,1089],{"class":111},[50,77380,1408],{"class":64},[50,77382,309],{"class":111},[50,77384,1408],{"class":64},[50,77386,2746],{"class":60},[50,77388,309],{"class":111},[50,77390,21144],{"class":64},[50,77392,77393],{"class":4385},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77395,189],{},[41,77397,77399],{"className":43,"code":77398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77400,77401,77417,77433,77461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77402,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77404,4620],{"class":64},[50,77406,1868],{"class":111},[50,77408,78],{"class":64},[50,77410,1878],{"class":111},[50,77412,78],{"class":64},[50,77414,5798],{"class":111},[50,77416,98],{"class":64},[50,77418,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77420,4620],{"class":64},[50,77422,16457],{"class":111},[50,77424,78],{"class":64},[50,77426,51520],{"class":111},[50,77428,78],{"class":64},[50,77430,76773],{"class":111},[50,77432,98],{"class":64},[50,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77436,4620],{"class":64},[50,77438,76952],{"class":111},[50,77440,78],{"class":64},[50,77442,5798],{"class":111},[50,77444,78],{"class":64},[50,77446,51520],{"class":111},[50,77448,78],{"class":64},[50,77450,1878],{"class":111},[50,77452,78],{"class":64},[50,77454,1873],{"class":111},[50,77456,78],{"class":64},[50,77458,6717],{"class":111},[50,77460,98],{"class":64},[50,77462,77463,77465,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,77464,4620],{"class":64},[50,77466,77467],{"class":111},"50",[50,77469,78],{"class":64},[50,77471,51520],{"class":111},[50,77473,78],{"class":64},[50,77475,1878],{"class":111},[50,77477,98],{"class":64},[20,77479,77480,77481,838],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[335,77482,77483],{"href":75479},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1112,77485,77487],{"id":77486},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77489,3560],{},[41,77491,77493],{"className":43,"code":77492,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77494,77495,77515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77496,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77498,302],{"class":56},[50,77500,61],{"class":60},[50,77502,65],{"class":64},[50,77504,309],{"class":111},[50,77506,78],{"class":64},[50,77508,314],{"class":111},[50,77510,78],{"class":64},[50,77512,319],{"class":111},[50,77514,98],{"class":64},[50,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77518,366],{"class":151},[50,77520,155],{"class":64},[50,77522,381],{"class":158},[50,77524,74795],{"class":64},[50,77526,2842],{"class":111},[50,77528,2210],{"class":64},[20,77530,77531,77532,77534,77535,77537],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77533,41381],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77536,2842],{}," does not make sense.",[36,77539,77541],{"id":77540},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77543,77544],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1112,77546,77548],{"id":77547},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[41,77550,77552],{"className":43,"code":77551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77553,77554,77578,77582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77557,302],{"class":56},[50,77559,61],{"class":60},[50,77561,65],{"class":64},[50,77563,1868],{"class":111},[50,77565,78],{"class":64},[50,77567,1873],{"class":111},[50,77569,78],{"class":64},[50,77571,1878],{"class":111},[50,77573,78],{"class":64},[50,77575,51520],{"class":111},[50,77577,98],{"class":64},[50,77579,77580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77581,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77583,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77585,366],{"class":151},[50,77587,155],{"class":64},[50,77589,381],{"class":158},[50,77591,4620],{"class":64},[50,77593,422],{"class":111},[50,77595,2210],{"class":64},[20,77597,189],{},[41,77599,77600],{"className":43,"code":70514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,77601,77602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77603,77604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77605,70514],{"class":111},[1112,77607,77609],{"id":77608},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[41,77611,77613],{"className":43,"code":77612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77614,77615,77639,77643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77616,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77618,302],{"class":56},[50,77620,61],{"class":60},[50,77622,65],{"class":64},[50,77624,1868],{"class":111},[50,77626,78],{"class":64},[50,77628,1873],{"class":111},[50,77630,78],{"class":64},[50,77632,1878],{"class":111},[50,77634,78],{"class":64},[50,77636,51520],{"class":111},[50,77638,98],{"class":64},[50,77640,77641],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77642,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77644,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77646,366],{"class":151},[50,77648,155],{"class":64},[50,77650,381],{"class":158},[50,77652,4620],{"class":64},[50,77654,422],{"class":111},[50,77656,1408],{"class":64},[50,77658,437],{"class":111},[50,77660,2210],{"class":64},[20,77662,189],{},[41,77664,77666],{"className":43,"code":77665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30]\n",[15,77667,77668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77669,77670,77672,77674],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77671,4620],{"class":64},[50,77673,37518],{"class":111},[50,77675,98],{"class":64},[20,77677,14464],{},[233,77679,77680,77686],{},[236,77681,77682,77685],{},[15,77683,77684],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[236,77687,77688,77691],{},[15,77689,77690],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77693,77694],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[233,77696,77697,77700],{},[236,77698,77699],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[236,77701,77702],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77704,2931],{},[41,77706,77708],{"className":43,"code":77707,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77709,77710,77730,77734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77711,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77713,302],{"class":56},[50,77715,61],{"class":60},[50,77717,65],{"class":64},[50,77719,1868],{"class":111},[50,77721,78],{"class":64},[50,77723,1873],{"class":111},[50,77725,78],{"class":64},[50,77727,1878],{"class":111},[50,77729,98],{"class":64},[50,77731,77732],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77733,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77735,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77737,366],{"class":151},[50,77739,155],{"class":64},[50,77741,381],{"class":158},[50,77743,4620],{"class":64},[50,77745,2859],{"class":111},[50,77747,1408],{"class":64},[50,77749,1868],{"class":111},[50,77751,2210],{"class":64},[20,77753,189],{},[41,77755,77756],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,77757,77758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77759,77760],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77761,1602],{"class":64},[20,77763,77764],{},"But this would raise an error:",[41,77766,77768],{"className":43,"code":77767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77769,77770,77790,77794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77771,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77773,302],{"class":56},[50,77775,61],{"class":60},[50,77777,65],{"class":64},[50,77779,1868],{"class":111},[50,77781,78],{"class":64},[50,77783,1873],{"class":111},[50,77785,78],{"class":64},[50,77787,1878],{"class":111},[50,77789,98],{"class":64},[50,77791,77792],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77793,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,77795,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,77797,366],{"class":151},[50,77799,155],{"class":64},[50,77801,381],{"class":158},[50,77803,4620],{"class":64},[50,77805,2859],{"class":111},[50,77807,2210],{"class":64},[20,77809,77810,77811,838],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[335,77812,69936],{"href":69935},[36,77814,15879],{"id":77815},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77817,77818],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[233,77820,77821,77825,77827,77830,77836],{},[236,77822,5424,77823,76414],{},[15,77824,76099],{},[236,77826,61371],{},[236,77828,77829],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[236,77831,37881,77832,9416,77834],{},[15,77833,76734],{},[15,77835,74199],{},[236,77837,77838,77839,77841],{},"Using step ",[15,77840,2842],{},", which causes an error",[1112,77843,77845],{"id":77844},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[41,77847,77849],{"className":43,"code":77848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77850,77851,77879],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77852,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77854,302],{"class":56},[50,77856,61],{"class":60},[50,77858,65],{"class":64},[50,77860,1868],{"class":111},[50,77862,78],{"class":64},[50,77864,1873],{"class":111},[50,77866,78],{"class":64},[50,77868,1878],{"class":111},[50,77870,78],{"class":64},[50,77872,51520],{"class":111},[50,77874,78],{"class":64},[50,77876,5798],{"class":111},[50,77878,98],{"class":64},[50,77880,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77882,366],{"class":151},[50,77884,155],{"class":64},[50,77886,381],{"class":158},[50,77888,4620],{"class":64},[50,77890,309],{"class":111},[50,77892,1408],{"class":64},[50,77894,1089],{"class":111},[50,77896,2210],{"class":64},[20,77898,77899],{},"This returns:",[41,77901,77903],{"className":43,"code":77902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77904,77905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77906,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77908,4620],{"class":64},[50,77910,16457],{"class":111},[50,77912,78],{"class":64},[50,77914,1878],{"class":111},[50,77916,78],{"class":64},[50,77918,51520],{"class":111},[50,77920,98],{"class":64},[20,77922,41583,77923,77925,77926,77928,77929,838],{},[4465,77924,5351],{}," include ",[15,77927,77467],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77930,1089],{},[1112,77932,77934],{"id":77933},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77936,17344],{},[41,77938,77940],{"className":43,"code":77939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77941,77942,77962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77943,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77945,302],{"class":56},[50,77947,61],{"class":60},[50,77949,65],{"class":64},[50,77951,1868],{"class":111},[50,77953,78],{"class":64},[50,77955,1873],{"class":111},[50,77957,78],{"class":64},[50,77959,1878],{"class":111},[50,77961,98],{"class":64},[50,77963,77964],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,77965,77966],{"class":4385},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77968,77969],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[41,77971,77973],{"className":43,"code":77972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77974,77975],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77976,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77978,366],{"class":151},[50,77980,155],{"class":64},[50,77982,381],{"class":158},[50,77984,4620],{"class":64},[50,77986,309],{"class":111},[50,77988,1408],{"class":64},[50,77990,437],{"class":111},[50,77992,2210],{"class":64},[1112,77994,77996],{"id":77995},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77998,77999],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[41,78001,78003],{"className":43,"code":78002,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78004,78005,78029,78043,78047,78057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78006,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78008,302],{"class":56},[50,78010,61],{"class":60},[50,78012,65],{"class":64},[50,78014,1868],{"class":111},[50,78016,78],{"class":64},[50,78018,1873],{"class":111},[50,78020,78],{"class":64},[50,78022,1878],{"class":111},[50,78024,78],{"class":64},[50,78026,51520],{"class":111},[50,78028,98],{"class":64},[50,78030,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78032,76332],{"class":56},[50,78034,61],{"class":60},[50,78036,4982],{"class":56},[50,78038,76208],{"class":64},[50,78040,422],{"class":111},[50,78042,98],{"class":64},[50,78044,78045],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78046,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,78048,78049,78051,78053,78055],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78050,366],{"class":151},[50,78052,155],{"class":64},[50,78054,76355],{"class":158},[50,78056,186],{"class":64},[50,78058,78059,78061,78063,78065],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,78060,366],{"class":151},[50,78062,155],{"class":64},[50,78064,381],{"class":158},[50,78066,186],{"class":64},[20,78068,189],{},[41,78070,78072],{"className":43,"code":78071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78073,78074,78086],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78077,4620],{"class":64},[50,78079,1868],{"class":111},[50,78081,78],{"class":64},[50,78083,1873],{"class":111},[50,78085,98],{"class":64},[50,78087,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78089,4620],{"class":64},[50,78091,1868],{"class":111},[50,78093,78],{"class":64},[50,78095,1873],{"class":111},[50,78097,78],{"class":64},[50,78099,1878],{"class":111},[50,78101,78],{"class":64},[50,78103,51520],{"class":111},[50,78105,98],{"class":64},[20,78107,78108],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1112,78110,78112,78113,9416,78115],{"id":78111},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,78114,76734],{},[15,78116,74199],{},[41,78118,78120],{"className":43,"code":78119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78121,78122,78142,78146,78163,78174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78123,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78125,302],{"class":56},[50,78127,61],{"class":60},[50,78129,65],{"class":64},[50,78131,1868],{"class":111},[50,78133,78],{"class":64},[50,78135,1873],{"class":111},[50,78137,78],{"class":64},[50,78139,1878],{"class":111},[50,78141,98],{"class":64},[50,78143,78144],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78145,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,78147,78148,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78149,78150],{"class":56},"reversed_copy ",[50,78152,61],{"class":60},[50,78154,4982],{"class":56},[50,78156,74795],{"class":64},[50,78158,2746],{"class":60},[50,78160,309],{"class":111},[50,78162,98],{"class":64},[50,78164,78165,78167,78169,78172],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78166,366],{"class":151},[50,78168,155],{"class":64},[50,78170,78171],{"class":158},"reversed_copy",[50,78173,186],{"class":64},[50,78175,78176,78178,78180,78182],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,78177,366],{"class":151},[50,78179,155],{"class":64},[50,78181,381],{"class":158},[50,78183,186],{"class":64},[20,78185,189],{},[41,78187,78189],{"className":43,"code":78188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78190,78191,78207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78192,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78194,4620],{"class":64},[50,78196,37518],{"class":111},[50,78198,78],{"class":64},[50,78200,1873],{"class":111},[50,78202,78],{"class":64},[50,78204,6717],{"class":111},[50,78206,98],{"class":64},[50,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78210,4620],{"class":64},[50,78212,1868],{"class":111},[50,78214,78],{"class":64},[50,78216,1873],{"class":111},[50,78218,78],{"class":64},[50,78220,1878],{"class":111},[50,78222,98],{"class":64},[20,78224,78225,78228],{},[15,78226,78227],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78230,78231,78232,78235],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78233,78234],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1112,78237,78239],{"id":78238},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78241,78242],{},"This is not allowed:",[41,78244,78246],{"className":43,"code":78245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78247,78248,78268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78249,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78251,302],{"class":56},[50,78253,61],{"class":60},[50,78255,65],{"class":64},[50,78257,1868],{"class":111},[50,78259,78],{"class":64},[50,78261,1873],{"class":111},[50,78263,78],{"class":64},[50,78265,1878],{"class":111},[50,78267,98],{"class":64},[50,78269,78270],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78271,78272],{"class":4385},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78274,78275,78276,838],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78277,41381],{},[36,78279,78281],{"id":78280},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78283,78284],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[233,78286,78287,78294,78300,78303,78306],{},[236,78288,37881,78289,827,78291,78293],{},[15,78290,36750],{},[15,78292,76099],{}," positions",[236,78295,78296,78297,78299],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78298,76099],{}," index is included",[236,78301,78302],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[236,78304,78305],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[236,78307,78308],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78310,78311],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[41,78313,78315],{"className":43,"code":78314,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78316,78317,78327,78341,78359,78373,78390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78318,78319,78321,78323,78325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78320,366],{"class":151},[50,78322,155],{"class":64},[50,78324,9051],{"class":158},[50,78326,186],{"class":64},[50,78328,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78330,366],{"class":151},[50,78332,155],{"class":64},[50,78334,1060],{"class":151},[50,78336,155],{"class":64},[50,78338,9051],{"class":158},[50,78340,1077],{"class":64},[50,78342,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78344,366],{"class":151},[50,78346,155],{"class":64},[50,78348,9051],{"class":158},[50,78350,4620],{"class":64},[50,78352,309],{"class":111},[50,78354,1408],{"class":64},[50,78356,1089],{"class":111},[50,78358,2210],{"class":64},[50,78360,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78362,366],{"class":151},[50,78364,155],{"class":64},[50,78366,9051],{"class":158},[50,78368,76208],{"class":64},[50,78370,437],{"class":111},[50,78372,2210],{"class":64},[50,78374,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,78376,366],{"class":151},[50,78378,155],{"class":64},[50,78380,9051],{"class":158},[50,78382,4620],{"class":64},[50,78384,2746],{"class":60},[50,78386,437],{"class":111},[50,78388,78389],{"class":64},":])\n",[50,78391,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,78393,366],{"class":151},[50,78395,155],{"class":64},[50,78397,9051],{"class":158},[50,78399,74795],{"class":64},[50,78401,2746],{"class":60},[50,78403,309],{"class":111},[50,78405,2210],{"class":64},[20,78407,2447,78408,78410,78411,78415],{},[15,78409,43037],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[335,78412,78414],{"href":78413},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[36,78417,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,78419,78421],{"id":78420},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78423,78424],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1112,78426,78428],{"id":78427},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78430,78431],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1112,78433,2559,78435,40637],{"id":78434},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78436,76734],{},[20,78438,78439],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1112,78441,78443,78444,2582],{"id":78442},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78445,71404],{},[20,78447,78448],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[36,78450,2610],{"id":2609},[233,78452,78453,78458,78463,78467,78471,78475],{},[236,78454,78455],{},[335,78456,78457],{"href":51656},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[236,78459,78460],{},[335,78461,78462],{"href":57831},"How to create a list in Python",[236,78464,78465],{},[335,78466,15667],{"href":57897},[236,78468,78469],{},[335,78470,75480],{"href":75479},[236,78472,78473],{},[335,78474,78414],{"href":78413},[236,78476,78477],{},[335,78478,69936],{"href":69935},[20,78480,78481,78482,78484],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78483,43037],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2640,78486,78487],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":78489},[78490,78491,78492,78493,78494,78495,78498,78502,78510,78511,78519],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":76263,"depth":101,"text":76264},{"id":76426,"depth":101,"text":76427},{"id":76688,"depth":101,"text":76689},{"id":76982,"depth":101,"text":76983},{"id":77228,"depth":101,"text":77229,"children":78496},[78497],{"id":77486,"depth":127,"text":77487},{"id":77540,"depth":101,"text":77541,"children":78499},[78500,78501],{"id":77547,"depth":127,"text":77548},{"id":77608,"depth":127,"text":77609},{"id":77815,"depth":101,"text":15879,"children":78503},[78504,78505,78506,78507,78509],{"id":77844,"depth":127,"text":77845},{"id":77933,"depth":127,"text":77934},{"id":77995,"depth":127,"text":77996},{"id":78111,"depth":127,"text":78508},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78238,"depth":127,"text":78239},{"id":78280,"depth":101,"text":78281},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":78512},[78513,78514,78515,78517],{"id":78420,"depth":127,"text":78421},{"id":78427,"depth":127,"text":78428},{"id":78434,"depth":127,"text":78516},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78442,"depth":127,"text":78518},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":76086,"description":78520},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78527,"title":78528,"body":78529,"description":80598,"extension":2687,"meta":80599,"navigation":130,"path":80600,"seo":80601,"stem":80602,"__hash__":80603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78530,"toc":80564},[78531,78536,78542,78548,78550,78597,78604,78609,78613,78628,78631,78684,78686,78711,78716,78718,78750,78753,78769,78771,78832,78834,78859,78863,78868,78921,78923,78948,78953,79014,79016,79041,79044,79051,79055,79058,79119,79121,79154,79157,79218,79220,79253,79259,79332,79334,79366,79373,79378,79383,79385,79397,79400,79478,79480,79521,79524,79598,79600,79633,79638,79645,79652,79656,79665,79669,79677,79679,79746,79748,79784,79789,79800,79802,79807,79812,79814,79877,79879,79904,79911,79916,79920,79923,79963,79968,79974,79979,79981,80008,80013,80016,80063,80065,80122,80129,80134,80140,80209,80213,80216,80279,80281,80314,80319,80321,80324,80405,80407,80431,80437,80439,80444,80448,80455,80463,80467,80469,80492,80496,80498,80525,80528,80535,80538,80540,80561],[10,78532,55020,78534,12024],{"id":78533},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78535,64991],{},[20,78537,78538,78541],{},[15,78539,78540],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78543,78544,78545,78547],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78546,64991],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[36,78549,39],{"id":38},[41,78551,78553],{"className":43,"code":78552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78554,78555,78575,78585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78556,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78558,302],{"class":56},[50,78560,61],{"class":60},[50,78562,65],{"class":64},[50,78564,437],{"class":111},[50,78566,78],{"class":64},[50,78568,6212],{"class":111},[50,78570,78],{"class":64},[50,78572,314],{"class":111},[50,78574,98],{"class":64},[50,78576,78577,78579,78581,78583],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78578,381],{"class":56},[50,78580,838],{"class":64},[50,78582,35484],{"class":158},[50,78584,9354],{"class":64},[50,78586,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78588,366],{"class":151},[50,78590,155],{"class":64},[50,78592,381],{"class":158},[50,78594,4382],{"class":64},[50,78596,55610],{"class":4385},[20,78598,221,78599,78601,78602,838],{},[15,78600,78540],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78603,4501],{},[36,78605,228,78607,231],{"id":78606},"what-listsort-does",[15,78608,78540],{},[20,78610,78611,1408],{},[15,78612,78540],{},[233,78614,78615,78618,78621,78625],{},[236,78616,78617],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[236,78619,78620],{},"Changes the original list",[236,78622,12126,78623],{},[15,78624,4501],{},[236,78626,78627],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78629,78630],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[41,78632,78634],{"className":43,"code":78633,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78635,78636,78660,78670,78674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78637,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78639,302],{"class":56},[50,78641,61],{"class":60},[50,78643,65],{"class":64},[50,78645,2859],{"class":111},[50,78647,78],{"class":64},[50,78649,314],{"class":111},[50,78651,78],{"class":64},[50,78653,54814],{"class":111},[50,78655,78],{"class":64},[50,78657,6212],{"class":111},[50,78659,98],{"class":64},[50,78661,78662,78664,78666,78668],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78663,381],{"class":56},[50,78665,838],{"class":64},[50,78667,35484],{"class":158},[50,78669,9354],{"class":64},[50,78671,78672],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78673,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78677,366],{"class":151},[50,78679,155],{"class":64},[50,78681,381],{"class":158},[50,78683,186],{"class":64},[20,78685,189],{},[41,78687,78689],{"className":43,"code":78688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78690,78691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78692,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78694,4620],{"class":64},[50,78696,309],{"class":111},[50,78698,78],{"class":64},[50,78700,314],{"class":111},[50,78702,78],{"class":64},[50,78704,5325],{"class":111},[50,78706,78],{"class":64},[50,78708,54814],{"class":111},[50,78710,98],{"class":64},[20,78712,78713,78714,838],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[335,78715,67755],{"href":51656},[36,78717,256],{"id":255},[41,78719,78721],{"className":43,"code":78720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78722,78723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78724,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78744,78746,78748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78726,9051],{"class":56},[50,78728,838],{"class":64},[50,78730,35484],{"class":158},[50,78732,155],{"class":64},[50,78734,15543],{"class":9886},[50,78736,61],{"class":60},[50,78738,4501],{"class":1806},[50,78740,78],{"class":64},[50,78742,78743],{"class":9886}," reverse",[50,78745,61],{"class":60},[50,78747,4396],{"class":1806},[50,78749,186],{"class":64},[20,78751,78752],{},"Main arguments:",[233,78754,78755,78760,78766],{},[236,78756,78757,78759],{},[15,78758,15543],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[236,78761,78762,78765],{},[15,78763,78764],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[236,78767,78768],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78770,2931],{},[41,78772,78774],{"className":43,"code":78773,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78775,78776,78800,78818,78822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78777,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78779,302],{"class":56},[50,78781,61],{"class":60},[50,78783,65],{"class":64},[50,78785,1089],{"class":111},[50,78787,78],{"class":64},[50,78789,6212],{"class":111},[50,78791,78],{"class":64},[50,78793,6706],{"class":111},[50,78795,78],{"class":64},[50,78797,314],{"class":111},[50,78799,98],{"class":64},[50,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78803,381],{"class":56},[50,78805,838],{"class":64},[50,78807,35484],{"class":158},[50,78809,155],{"class":64},[50,78811,74250],{"class":9886},[50,78813,61],{"class":60},[50,78815,4326],{"class":1806},[50,78817,186],{"class":64},[50,78819,78820],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78821,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,78823,78824,78826,78828,78830],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78825,366],{"class":151},[50,78827,155],{"class":64},[50,78829,381],{"class":158},[50,78831,186],{"class":64},[20,78833,189],{},[41,78835,78837],{"className":43,"code":78836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78838,78839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78840,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78842,4620],{"class":64},[50,78844,2749],{"class":111},[50,78846,78],{"class":64},[50,78848,3181],{"class":111},[50,78850,78],{"class":64},[50,78852,314],{"class":111},[50,78854,78],{"class":64},[50,78856,6212],{"class":111},[50,78858,98],{"class":64},[36,78860,78862],{"id":78861},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78864,221,78865,78867],{},[15,78866,64991],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[41,78869,78871],{"className":43,"code":78870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78872,78873,78897,78907,78911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78874,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78876,302],{"class":56},[50,78878,61],{"class":60},[50,78880,65],{"class":64},[50,78882,1868],{"class":111},[50,78884,78],{"class":64},[50,78886,319],{"class":111},[50,78888,78],{"class":64},[50,78890,7073],{"class":111},[50,78892,78],{"class":64},[50,78894,6212],{"class":111},[50,78896,98],{"class":64},[50,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78900,381],{"class":56},[50,78902,838],{"class":64},[50,78904,35484],{"class":158},[50,78906,9354],{"class":64},[50,78908,78909],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,78910,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,78912,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,78914,366],{"class":151},[50,78916,155],{"class":64},[50,78918,381],{"class":158},[50,78920,186],{"class":64},[20,78922,189],{},[41,78924,78926],{"className":43,"code":78925,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78927,78928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78929,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78931,4620],{"class":64},[50,78933,309],{"class":111},[50,78935,78],{"class":64},[50,78937,319],{"class":111},[50,78939,78],{"class":64},[50,78941,7073],{"class":111},[50,78943,78],{"class":64},[50,78945,6717],{"class":111},[50,78947,98],{"class":64},[20,78949,221,78950,78952],{},[15,78951,78764],{}," for descending order:",[41,78954,78956],{"className":43,"code":78955,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78957,78958,78982,79000,79004],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78961,302],{"class":56},[50,78963,61],{"class":60},[50,78965,65],{"class":64},[50,78967,1868],{"class":111},[50,78969,78],{"class":64},[50,78971,319],{"class":111},[50,78973,78],{"class":64},[50,78975,7073],{"class":111},[50,78977,78],{"class":64},[50,78979,6212],{"class":111},[50,78981,98],{"class":64},[50,78983,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,78985,381],{"class":56},[50,78987,838],{"class":64},[50,78989,35484],{"class":158},[50,78991,155],{"class":64},[50,78993,74250],{"class":9886},[50,78995,61],{"class":60},[50,78997,4326],{"class":1806},[50,78999,186],{"class":64},[50,79001,79002],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79003,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79005,79006,79008,79010,79012],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79007,366],{"class":151},[50,79009,155],{"class":64},[50,79011,381],{"class":158},[50,79013,186],{"class":64},[20,79015,189],{},[41,79017,79019],{"className":43,"code":79018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,79020,79021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79022,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79024,4620],{"class":64},[50,79026,1868],{"class":111},[50,79028,78],{"class":64},[50,79030,7073],{"class":111},[50,79032,78],{"class":64},[50,79034,319],{"class":111},[50,79036,78],{"class":64},[50,79038,6212],{"class":111},[50,79040,98],{"class":64},[20,79042,79043],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,79045,79046,79047,838],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[335,79048,79050],{"href":79049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[36,79052,79054],{"id":79053},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,79056,79057],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[41,79059,79061],{"className":43,"code":79060,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79062,79063,79095,79105,79109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79066,4788],{"class":56},[50,79068,61],{"class":60},[50,79070,65],{"class":64},[50,79072,69],{"class":68},[50,79074,4806],{"class":72},[50,79076,69],{"class":68},[50,79078,78],{"class":64},[50,79080,81],{"class":68},[50,79082,4797],{"class":72},[50,79084,69],{"class":68},[50,79086,78],{"class":64},[50,79088,81],{"class":68},[50,79090,4815],{"class":72},[50,79092,69],{"class":68},[50,79094,98],{"class":64},[50,79096,79097,79099,79101,79103],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79098,4832],{"class":56},[50,79100,838],{"class":64},[50,79102,35484],{"class":158},[50,79104,9354],{"class":64},[50,79106,79107],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79108,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79110,79111,79113,79115,79117],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79112,366],{"class":151},[50,79114,155],{"class":64},[50,79116,4832],{"class":158},[50,79118,186],{"class":64},[20,79120,189],{},[41,79122,79124],{"className":43,"code":79123,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79125,79126],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79129,4620],{"class":64},[50,79131,413],{"class":68},[50,79133,4797],{"class":72},[50,79135,413],{"class":68},[50,79137,78],{"class":64},[50,79139,408],{"class":68},[50,79141,4806],{"class":72},[50,79143,413],{"class":68},[50,79145,78],{"class":64},[50,79147,408],{"class":68},[50,79149,4815],{"class":72},[50,79151,413],{"class":68},[50,79153,98],{"class":64},[20,79155,79156],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[41,79158,79160],{"className":43,"code":79159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79161,79162,79194,79204,79208],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79165,4788],{"class":56},[50,79167,61],{"class":60},[50,79169,65],{"class":64},[50,79171,69],{"class":68},[50,79173,4806],{"class":72},[50,79175,69],{"class":68},[50,79177,78],{"class":64},[50,79179,81],{"class":68},[50,79181,58446],{"class":72},[50,79183,69],{"class":68},[50,79185,78],{"class":64},[50,79187,81],{"class":68},[50,79189,4815],{"class":72},[50,79191,69],{"class":68},[50,79193,98],{"class":64},[50,79195,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79197,4832],{"class":56},[50,79199,838],{"class":64},[50,79201,35484],{"class":158},[50,79203,9354],{"class":64},[50,79205,79206],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79207,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79209,79210,79212,79214,79216],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79211,366],{"class":151},[50,79213,155],{"class":64},[50,79215,4832],{"class":158},[50,79217,186],{"class":64},[20,79219,189],{},[41,79221,79223],{"className":43,"code":79222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79224,79225],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79226,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79228,4620],{"class":64},[50,79230,413],{"class":68},[50,79232,58446],{"class":72},[50,79234,413],{"class":68},[50,79236,78],{"class":64},[50,79238,408],{"class":68},[50,79240,4806],{"class":72},[50,79242,413],{"class":68},[50,79244,78],{"class":64},[50,79246,408],{"class":68},[50,79248,4815],{"class":72},[50,79250,413],{"class":68},[50,79252,98],{"class":64},[20,79254,79255,79256,1408],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79257,79258],{},"key=str.lower",[41,79260,79262],{"className":43,"code":79261,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79263,79264,79296,79318,79322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79265,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79267,4788],{"class":56},[50,79269,61],{"class":60},[50,79271,65],{"class":64},[50,79273,69],{"class":68},[50,79275,4806],{"class":72},[50,79277,69],{"class":68},[50,79279,78],{"class":64},[50,79281,81],{"class":68},[50,79283,58446],{"class":72},[50,79285,69],{"class":68},[50,79287,78],{"class":64},[50,79289,81],{"class":68},[50,79291,4815],{"class":72},[50,79293,69],{"class":68},[50,79295,98],{"class":64},[50,79297,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79299,4832],{"class":56},[50,79301,838],{"class":64},[50,79303,35484],{"class":158},[50,79305,155],{"class":64},[50,79307,15543],{"class":9886},[50,79309,61],{"class":60},[50,79311,4167],{"class":371},[50,79313,838],{"class":64},[50,79315,9351],{"class":25443},[50,79317,186],{"class":64},[50,79319,79320],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79321,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79323,79324,79326,79328,79330],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79325,366],{"class":151},[50,79327,155],{"class":64},[50,79329,4832],{"class":158},[50,79331,186],{"class":64},[20,79333,189],{},[41,79335,79336],{"className":43,"code":79222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,79337,79338],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79341,4620],{"class":64},[50,79343,413],{"class":68},[50,79345,58446],{"class":72},[50,79347,413],{"class":68},[50,79349,78],{"class":64},[50,79351,408],{"class":68},[50,79353,4806],{"class":72},[50,79355,413],{"class":68},[50,79357,78],{"class":64},[50,79359,408],{"class":68},[50,79361,4815],{"class":72},[50,79363,413],{"class":68},[50,79365,98],{"class":64},[20,79367,79368,79369,79372],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79370,79371],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[36,79374,37289,79376,37292],{"id":79375},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79377,15543],{},[20,79379,2704,79380,79382],{},[15,79381,15543],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79384,8056],{},[233,79386,79387,79392],{},[236,79388,79389,79391],{},[15,79390,1060],{}," to sort by length",[236,79393,79394,79396],{},[15,79395,79371],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79398,79399],{},"Sort words by length:",[41,79401,79403],{"className":43,"code":79402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79404,79405,79446,79464,79468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79406,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79408,4788],{"class":56},[50,79410,61],{"class":60},[50,79412,65],{"class":64},[50,79414,69],{"class":68},[50,79416,79417],{"class":72},"pear",[50,79419,69],{"class":68},[50,79421,78],{"class":64},[50,79423,81],{"class":68},[50,79425,4806],{"class":72},[50,79427,69],{"class":68},[50,79429,78],{"class":64},[50,79431,81],{"class":68},[50,79433,39035],{"class":72},[50,79435,69],{"class":68},[50,79437,78],{"class":64},[50,79439,81],{"class":68},[50,79441,4797],{"class":72},[50,79443,69],{"class":68},[50,79445,98],{"class":64},[50,79447,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79449,4832],{"class":56},[50,79451,838],{"class":64},[50,79453,35484],{"class":158},[50,79455,155],{"class":64},[50,79457,15543],{"class":9886},[50,79459,61],{"class":60},[50,79461,1060],{"class":151},[50,79463,186],{"class":64},[50,79465,79466],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79467,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79469,79470,79472,79474,79476],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79471,366],{"class":151},[50,79473,155],{"class":64},[50,79475,4832],{"class":158},[50,79477,186],{"class":64},[20,79479,189],{},[41,79481,79483],{"className":43,"code":79482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79484,79485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79486,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517,79519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79488,4620],{"class":64},[50,79490,413],{"class":68},[50,79492,39035],{"class":72},[50,79494,413],{"class":68},[50,79496,78],{"class":64},[50,79498,408],{"class":68},[50,79500,79417],{"class":72},[50,79502,413],{"class":68},[50,79504,78],{"class":64},[50,79506,408],{"class":68},[50,79508,4797],{"class":72},[50,79510,413],{"class":68},[50,79512,78],{"class":64},[50,79514,408],{"class":68},[50,79516,4806],{"class":72},[50,79518,413],{"class":68},[50,79520,98],{"class":64},[20,79522,79523],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[41,79525,79527],{"className":43,"code":79526,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79528,79529,79562,79584,79588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79530,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79558,79560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79532,4788],{"class":56},[50,79534,61],{"class":60},[50,79536,65],{"class":64},[50,79538,69],{"class":68},[50,79540,5732],{"class":72},[50,79542,69],{"class":68},[50,79544,78],{"class":64},[50,79546,81],{"class":68},[50,79548,18502],{"class":72},[50,79550,69],{"class":68},[50,79552,78],{"class":64},[50,79554,81],{"class":68},[50,79556,79557],{"class":72},"Carol",[50,79559,69],{"class":68},[50,79561,98],{"class":64},[50,79563,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79565,4832],{"class":56},[50,79567,838],{"class":64},[50,79569,35484],{"class":158},[50,79571,155],{"class":64},[50,79573,15543],{"class":9886},[50,79575,61],{"class":60},[50,79577,4167],{"class":371},[50,79579,838],{"class":64},[50,79581,9351],{"class":25443},[50,79583,186],{"class":64},[50,79585,79586],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79587,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79589,79590,79592,79594,79596],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79591,366],{"class":151},[50,79593,155],{"class":64},[50,79595,4832],{"class":158},[50,79597,186],{"class":64},[20,79599,189],{},[41,79601,79603],{"className":43,"code":79602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79604,79605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79606,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79608,4620],{"class":64},[50,79610,413],{"class":68},[50,79612,18502],{"class":72},[50,79614,413],{"class":68},[50,79616,78],{"class":64},[50,79618,408],{"class":68},[50,79620,5732],{"class":72},[50,79622,413],{"class":68},[50,79624,78],{"class":64},[50,79626,408],{"class":68},[50,79628,79557],{"class":72},[50,79630,413],{"class":68},[50,79632,98],{"class":64},[20,79634,2704,79635,79637],{},[15,79636,15543],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[36,79639,79641,11286,79643],{"id":79640},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79642,78540],{},[15,79644,75097],{},[20,79646,79647,827,79649,79651],{},[15,79648,78540],{},[15,79650,75097],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79653,79654,1408],{},[15,79655,78540],{},[233,79657,79658,79661],{},[236,79659,79660],{},"Changes the existing list",[236,79662,12126,79663],{},[15,79664,4501],{},[20,79666,79667,1408],{},[15,79668,75097],{},[233,79670,79671,79674],{},[236,79672,79673],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[236,79675,79676],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79678,2931],{},[41,79680,79682],{"className":43,"code":79681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79683,79684,79704,79708,79722,79726,79736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79685,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79687,302],{"class":56},[50,79689,61],{"class":60},[50,79691,65],{"class":64},[50,79693,437],{"class":111},[50,79695,78],{"class":64},[50,79697,6212],{"class":111},[50,79699,78],{"class":64},[50,79701,314],{"class":111},[50,79703,98],{"class":64},[50,79705,79706],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79707,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79709,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79711,56568],{"class":56},[50,79713,61],{"class":60},[50,79715,75231],{"class":151},[50,79717,155],{"class":64},[50,79719,381],{"class":158},[50,79721,186],{"class":64},[50,79723,79724],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79725,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79727,79728,79730,79732,79734],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,79729,366],{"class":151},[50,79731,155],{"class":64},[50,79733,381],{"class":158},[50,79735,186],{"class":64},[50,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,79739,366],{"class":151},[50,79741,155],{"class":64},[50,79743,74954],{"class":158},[50,79745,186],{"class":64},[20,79747,189],{},[41,79749,79750],{"className":43,"code":75266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,79751,79752,79768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79753,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79755,4620],{"class":64},[50,79757,437],{"class":111},[50,79759,78],{"class":64},[50,79761,6212],{"class":111},[50,79763,78],{"class":64},[50,79765,314],{"class":111},[50,79767,98],{"class":64},[50,79769,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79771,4620],{"class":64},[50,79773,309],{"class":111},[50,79775,78],{"class":64},[50,79777,314],{"class":111},[50,79779,78],{"class":64},[50,79781,319],{"class":111},[50,79783,98],{"class":64},[20,79785,221,79786,79788],{},[15,79787,75097],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79790,79791,79792,827,79796,838],{},"You can learn more in ",[335,79793,13,79794,6497],{"href":75194},[15,79795,75097],{},[335,79797,79799],{"href":79798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[36,79801,3553],{"id":3552},[20,79803,79804,79805,838],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79806,78540],{},[1112,79808,13299,79810],{"id":79809},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79811,64991],{},[20,79813,26381],{},[41,79815,79817],{"className":43,"code":79816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79818,79819,79839,79853,79857,79867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79820,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79822,302],{"class":56},[50,79824,61],{"class":60},[50,79826,65],{"class":64},[50,79828,437],{"class":111},[50,79830,78],{"class":64},[50,79832,6212],{"class":111},[50,79834,78],{"class":64},[50,79836,314],{"class":111},[50,79838,98],{"class":64},[50,79840,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79842,2954],{"class":56},[50,79844,61],{"class":60},[50,79846,4982],{"class":56},[50,79848,838],{"class":64},[50,79850,35484],{"class":158},[50,79852,9354],{"class":64},[50,79854,79855],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,79856,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,79858,79859,79861,79863,79865],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,79860,366],{"class":151},[50,79862,155],{"class":64},[50,79864,2989],{"class":158},[50,79866,186],{"class":64},[50,79868,79869,79871,79873,79875],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,79870,366],{"class":151},[50,79872,155],{"class":64},[50,79874,381],{"class":158},[50,79876,186],{"class":64},[20,79878,189],{},[41,79880,79882],{"className":43,"code":79881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79883,79884,79888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79885,79886],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79887,12512],{"class":1806},[50,79889,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79891,4620],{"class":64},[50,79893,309],{"class":111},[50,79895,78],{"class":64},[50,79897,314],{"class":111},[50,79899,78],{"class":64},[50,79901,319],{"class":111},[50,79903,98],{"class":64},[20,79905,79906,79908,79909,838],{},[15,79907,64991],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79910,4501],{},[20,79912,79913,79914,7344],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79915,75097],{},[1112,79917,79919],{"id":79918},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79921,79922],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[41,79924,79926],{"className":43,"code":79925,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79927,79928,79953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79929,79930,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79945,79947,79949,79951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79931,8493],{"class":56},[50,79933,61],{"class":60},[50,79935,65],{"class":64},[50,79937,309],{"class":111},[50,79939,78],{"class":64},[50,79941,81],{"class":68},[50,79943,79944],{"class":72},"two",[50,79946,69],{"class":68},[50,79948,78],{"class":64},[50,79950,319],{"class":111},[50,79952,98],{"class":64},[50,79954,79955,79957,79959,79961],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,79956,8522],{"class":56},[50,79958,838],{"class":64},[50,79960,35484],{"class":158},[50,79962,9354],{"class":64},[20,79964,3724,79965,79967],{},[15,79966,3727],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1112,79969,5424,79971,79973],{"id":79970},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79972,64991],{}," only works on lists",[20,79975,79976,79978],{},[15,79977,64991],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79980,17344],{},[41,79982,79984],{"className":43,"code":79983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79985,79986,79998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79987,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79989,35372],{"class":56},[50,79991,61],{"class":60},[50,79993,81],{"class":68},[50,79995,45],{"class":72},[50,79997,4082],{"class":68},[50,79999,80000,80002,80004,80006],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80001,35393],{"class":56},[50,80003,838],{"class":64},[50,80005,35484],{"class":158},[50,80007,9354],{"class":64},[20,80009,80010,80011,34285],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,80012,64991],{},[20,80014,80015],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[41,80017,80019],{"className":43,"code":80018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,80020,80021,80039,80049,80053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80022,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80024,326],{"class":56},[50,80026,61],{"class":60},[50,80028,1191],{"class":371},[50,80030,155],{"class":64},[50,80032,69],{"class":68},[50,80034,45],{"class":72},[50,80036,69],{"class":68},[50,80038,186],{"class":64},[50,80040,80041,80043,80045,80047],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80042,36820],{"class":56},[50,80044,838],{"class":64},[50,80046,35484],{"class":158},[50,80048,9354],{"class":64},[50,80050,80051],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80052,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,80054,80055,80057,80059,80061],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,80056,366],{"class":151},[50,80058,155],{"class":64},[50,80060,36820],{"class":158},[50,80062,186],{"class":64},[20,80064,189],{},[41,80066,80068],{"className":43,"code":80067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,80069,80070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80071,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80073,4620],{"class":64},[50,80075,413],{"class":68},[50,80077,61117],{"class":72},[50,80079,413],{"class":68},[50,80081,78],{"class":64},[50,80083,408],{"class":68},[50,80085,76703],{"class":72},[50,80087,413],{"class":68},[50,80089,78],{"class":64},[50,80091,408],{"class":68},[50,80093,61152],{"class":72},[50,80095,413],{"class":68},[50,80097,78],{"class":64},[50,80099,408],{"class":68},[50,80101,20],{"class":72},[50,80103,413],{"class":68},[50,80105,78],{"class":64},[50,80107,408],{"class":68},[50,80109,63966],{"class":72},[50,80111,413],{"class":68},[50,80113,78],{"class":64},[50,80115,408],{"class":68},[50,80117,12449],{"class":72},[50,80119,413],{"class":68},[50,80121,98],{"class":64},[1112,80123,80125,80126,80128],{"id":80124},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,80127,15543],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,80130,80131,80132,838],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,80133,15543],{},[20,80135,80136,80137,80139],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,80138,64991],{}," will not do that:",[41,80141,80143],{"className":43,"code":80142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80144,80145,80177,80195,80199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80148,4788],{"class":56},[50,80150,61],{"class":60},[50,80152,65],{"class":64},[50,80154,69],{"class":68},[50,80156,4806],{"class":72},[50,80158,69],{"class":68},[50,80160,78],{"class":64},[50,80162,81],{"class":68},[50,80164,39035],{"class":72},[50,80166,69],{"class":68},[50,80168,78],{"class":64},[50,80170,81],{"class":68},[50,80172,4797],{"class":72},[50,80174,69],{"class":68},[50,80176,98],{"class":64},[50,80178,80179,80181,80183,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80180,4832],{"class":56},[50,80182,838],{"class":64},[50,80184,35484],{"class":158},[50,80186,155],{"class":64},[50,80188,15543],{"class":9886},[50,80190,61],{"class":60},[50,80192,1060],{"class":151},[50,80194,186],{"class":64},[50,80196,80197],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80198,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,80200,80201,80203,80205,80207],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,80202,366],{"class":151},[50,80204,155],{"class":64},[50,80206,4832],{"class":158},[50,80208,186],{"class":64},[1112,80210,80212],{"id":80211},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80214,80215],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[41,80217,80219],{"className":43,"code":80218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80220,80221,80255,80265,80269],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80222,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80251,80253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80224,4788],{"class":56},[50,80226,61],{"class":60},[50,80228,65],{"class":64},[50,80230,69],{"class":68},[50,80232,80233],{"class":72},"zebra",[50,80235,69],{"class":68},[50,80237,78],{"class":64},[50,80239,81],{"class":68},[50,80241,58446],{"class":72},[50,80243,69],{"class":68},[50,80245,78],{"class":64},[50,80247,81],{"class":68},[50,80249,80250],{"class":72},"monkey",[50,80252,69],{"class":68},[50,80254,98],{"class":64},[50,80256,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80258,4832],{"class":56},[50,80260,838],{"class":64},[50,80262,35484],{"class":158},[50,80264,9354],{"class":64},[50,80266,80267],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80268,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,80272,366],{"class":151},[50,80274,155],{"class":64},[50,80276,4832],{"class":158},[50,80278,186],{"class":64},[20,80280,189],{},[41,80282,80284],{"className":43,"code":80283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80285,80286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80287,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80289,4620],{"class":64},[50,80291,413],{"class":68},[50,80293,58446],{"class":72},[50,80295,413],{"class":68},[50,80297,78],{"class":64},[50,80299,408],{"class":68},[50,80301,80250],{"class":72},[50,80303,413],{"class":68},[50,80305,78],{"class":64},[50,80307,408],{"class":68},[50,80309,80233],{"class":72},[50,80311,413],{"class":68},[50,80313,98],{"class":64},[20,80315,221,80316,80318],{},[15,80317,79258],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1112,80320,61389],{"id":61388},[20,80322,80323],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,80325,80327],{"className":43,"code":80326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80328,80329,80339,80353,80367,80381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80330,80331,80333,80335,80337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80332,366],{"class":151},[50,80334,155],{"class":64},[50,80336,9051],{"class":158},[50,80338,186],{"class":64},[50,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80342,366],{"class":151},[50,80344,155],{"class":64},[50,80346,3945],{"class":371},[50,80348,155],{"class":64},[50,80350,9051],{"class":158},[50,80352,1077],{"class":64},[50,80354,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80356,366],{"class":151},[50,80358,155],{"class":64},[50,80360,9051],{"class":158},[50,80362,838],{"class":64},[50,80364,35484],{"class":158},[50,80366,7908],{"class":64},[50,80368,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,80370,366],{"class":151},[50,80372,155],{"class":64},[50,80374,75187],{"class":151},[50,80376,155],{"class":64},[50,80378,9051],{"class":158},[50,80380,1077],{"class":64},[50,80382,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,80384,366],{"class":151},[50,80386,2182],{"class":64},[50,80388,3945],{"class":371},[50,80390,155],{"class":64},[50,80392,2238],{"class":158},[50,80394,4382],{"class":64},[50,80396,4599],{"class":137},[50,80398,2221],{"class":158},[50,80400,148],{"class":137},[50,80402,9107],{"class":158},[50,80404,2210],{"class":64},[20,80406,11872],{},[233,80408,80409,80412,80415,80422,80428],{},[236,80410,80411],{},"What values are in the list",[236,80413,80414],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[236,80416,80417,80418,3121,80420],{},"That ",[15,80419,64991],{},[15,80421,4501],{},[236,80423,80424,80425,80427],{},"Whether ",[15,80426,75097],{}," works better for your case",[236,80429,80430],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80432,80433,80434,80436],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80435,3727],{}," problems.",[36,80438,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,80440,2569,80442,56147],{"id":80441},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80443,78540],{},[20,80445,63282,80446,838],{},[15,80447,4501],{},[1112,80449,5893,80451,827,80453,2582],{"id":80450},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80452,64991],{},[15,80454,75097],{},[20,80456,80457,80459,80460,80462],{},[15,80458,64991],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80461,75097],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1112,80464,80466],{"id":80465},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80468,19393],{},[41,80470,80472],{"className":43,"code":80471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80473,80474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80475,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80477,9051],{"class":56},[50,80479,838],{"class":64},[50,80481,35484],{"class":158},[50,80483,155],{"class":64},[50,80485,74250],{"class":9886},[50,80487,61],{"class":60},[50,80489,4326],{"class":1806},[50,80491,186],{"class":64},[1112,80493,80495],{"id":80494},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80497,19393],{},[41,80499,80501],{"className":43,"code":80500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80502,80503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80504,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80506,9051],{"class":56},[50,80508,838],{"class":64},[50,80510,35484],{"class":158},[50,80512,155],{"class":64},[50,80514,15543],{"class":9886},[50,80516,61],{"class":60},[50,80518,4167],{"class":371},[50,80520,838],{"class":64},[50,80522,9351],{"class":25443},[50,80524,186],{"class":64},[20,80526,80527],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1112,80529,80531,80532,80534],{"id":80530},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80533,3727],{}," when sorting?",[20,80536,80537],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[36,80539,2610],{"id":2609},[233,80541,80542,80547,80553,80557],{},[236,80543,80544],{},[335,80545,80546],{"href":79049},"How to sort a list in Python",[236,80548,80549],{},[335,80550,13,80551,6497],{"href":75194},[15,80552,75097],{},[236,80554,80555],{},[335,80556,67755],{"href":51656},[236,80558,80559],{},[335,80560,79799],{"href":79798},[2640,80562,80563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":80565},[80566,80567,80569,80570,80571,80572,80574,80576,80587,80597],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":78606,"depth":101,"text":80568},"What list.sort() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":78861,"depth":101,"text":78862},{"id":79053,"depth":101,"text":79054},{"id":79375,"depth":101,"text":80573},"Using the key argument",{"id":79640,"depth":101,"text":80575},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":80577},[80578,80580,80581,80583,80585,80586],{"id":79809,"depth":127,"text":80579},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79918,"depth":127,"text":79919},{"id":79970,"depth":127,"text":80582},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80124,"depth":127,"text":80584},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80211,"depth":127,"text":80212},{"id":61388,"depth":127,"text":61389},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":80588},[80589,80591,80593,80594,80595],{"id":80441,"depth":127,"text":80590},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80450,"depth":127,"text":80592},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80465,"depth":127,"text":80466},{"id":80494,"depth":127,"text":80495},{"id":80530,"depth":127,"text":80596},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78528,"description":80598},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80605,"title":80606,"body":80607,"description":83234,"extension":2687,"meta":83235,"navigation":130,"path":83236,"seo":83237,"stem":83238,"__hash__":83239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80608,"toc":83193},[80609,80614,80619,80622,80633,80636,80656,80658,80720,80722,80763,80772,80777,80782,80788,80799,80801,80820,80823,80828,80833,80835,80840,80854,80856,80874,80877,80894,80897,80903,80926,80931,80933,80936,80997,80999,81032,81034,81073,81081,81091,81097,81102,81195,81197,81221,81223,81241,81244,81275,81281,81286,81289,81291,81413,81415,81439,81441,81460,81466,81472,81591,81593,81610,81616,81622,81627,81634,81640,81642,81699,81702,81723,81726,81729,81790,81792,81825,81829,81899,81901,81918,81922,81925,82000,82002,82039,82042,82045,82116,82118,82179,82184,82189,82192,82206,82208,82281,82283,82303,82306,82309,82366,82428,82431,82463,82466,82481,82486,82488,82494,82497,82553,82556,82558,82577,82581,82583,82627,82636,82638,82698,82702,82705,82707,82800,82802,82917,82921,82923,82997,83000,83003,83005,83010,83075,83077,83101,83111,83113,83119,83128,83137,83146,83152,83155,83159,83162,83164,83190],[10,80610,13,80612,18],{"id":80611},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80613,40393],{},[20,80615,4304,80616,80618],{},[15,80617,40393],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80620,80621],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[233,80623,80624,80627,80630],{},[236,80625,80626],{},"converting numbers to strings",[236,80628,80629],{},"changing strings to integers",[236,80631,80632],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80634,80635],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[233,80637,80638,80645,80651],{},[236,80639,80640,14755,80642,80644],{},[15,80641,40393],{},[4465,80643,5351],{}," return a list in Python 3",[236,80646,80647,80648],{},"it returns a ",[4465,80649,80650],{},"map object",[236,80652,80653,80654],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80655,25474],{},[36,80657,39],{"id":38},[41,80659,80661],{"className":43,"code":80660,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80662,80663,80687,80706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80664,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80666,302],{"class":56},[50,80668,61],{"class":60},[50,80670,65],{"class":64},[50,80672,309],{"class":111},[50,80674,78],{"class":64},[50,80676,314],{"class":111},[50,80678,78],{"class":64},[50,80680,319],{"class":111},[50,80682,78],{"class":64},[50,80684,3181],{"class":111},[50,80686,98],{"class":64},[50,80688,80689,80691,80693,80696,80698,80700,80702,80704],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80690,2954],{"class":56},[50,80692,61],{"class":60},[50,80694,80695],{"class":151}," map",[50,80697,155],{"class":64},[50,80699,4167],{"class":371},[50,80701,78],{"class":64},[50,80703,4982],{"class":158},[50,80705,186],{"class":64},[50,80707,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80709,366],{"class":151},[50,80711,155],{"class":64},[50,80713,372],{"class":371},[50,80715,155],{"class":64},[50,80717,2989],{"class":158},[50,80719,1077],{"class":64},[20,80721,189],{},[41,80723,80725],{"className":43,"code":80724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80726,80727],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80730,4620],{"class":64},[50,80732,413],{"class":68},[50,80734,309],{"class":72},[50,80736,413],{"class":68},[50,80738,78],{"class":64},[50,80740,408],{"class":68},[50,80742,422],{"class":72},[50,80744,413],{"class":68},[50,80746,78],{"class":64},[50,80748,408],{"class":68},[50,80750,437],{"class":72},[50,80752,413],{"class":68},[50,80754,78],{"class":64},[50,80756,408],{"class":68},[50,80758,1089],{"class":72},[50,80760,413],{"class":68},[50,80762,98],{"class":64},[20,80764,221,80765,80768,80769,80771],{},[15,80766,80767],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80770,25474],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[36,80773,228,80775,231],{"id":80774},"what-map-does",[15,80776,40393],{},[20,80778,80779,80781],{},[15,80780,40393],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80783,80784,80785,80787],{},"An ",[4465,80786,4442],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[233,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796],{},[236,80791,38579],{},[236,80793,38582],{},[236,80795,38585],{},[236,80797,80798],{},"a range object",[20,80800,31414],{},[41,80802,80804],{"className":43,"code":80803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80805,80806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80807,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80809,40536],{"class":151},[50,80811,155],{"class":64},[50,80813,38538],{"class":158},[50,80815,78],{"class":64},[50,80817,38543],{"class":158},[50,80819,186],{"class":64},[20,80821,80822],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80824,80825,80826,34426],{},"Important: the result is a ",[4465,80827,80650],{},[20,80829,80830,80831,838],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[335,80832,1612],{"href":5851},[36,80834,256],{"id":255},[20,80836,80837,80839],{},[15,80838,40393],{}," needs at least two parts:",[233,80841,80842,80848],{},[236,80843,80844,80847],{},[4465,80845,80846],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[236,80849,80850,80853],{},[4465,80851,80852],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80855,4427],{},[41,80857,80858],{"className":43,"code":80803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,80859,80860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80861,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80863,40536],{"class":151},[50,80865,155],{"class":64},[50,80867,38538],{"class":158},[50,80869,78],{"class":64},[50,80871,38543],{"class":158},[50,80873,186],{"class":64},[20,80875,80876],{},"You can pass:",[233,80878,80879,80888,80891],{},[236,80880,80881,80882,2912,80884,2916,80886],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80883,4167],{},[15,80885,2911],{},[15,80887,2741],{},[236,80889,80890],{},"your own custom function",[236,80892,80893],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80895,80896],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80898,80899,80900,80902],{},"You will often see ",[15,80901,40393],{}," used like this:",[41,80904,80906],{"className":43,"code":80905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80907,80908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80909,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80911,372],{"class":371},[50,80913,155],{"class":64},[50,80915,40536],{"class":151},[50,80917,155],{"class":64},[50,80919,38538],{"class":158},[50,80921,78],{"class":64},[50,80923,1375],{"class":158},[50,80925,1077],{"class":64},[20,80927,7390,80928,80930],{},[15,80929,25474],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[36,80932,12178],{"id":12177},[20,80934,80935],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[41,80937,80939],{"className":43,"code":80938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80940,80941,80961,80979,80983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80944,302],{"class":56},[50,80946,61],{"class":60},[50,80948,65],{"class":64},[50,80950,1868],{"class":111},[50,80952,78],{"class":64},[50,80954,1873],{"class":111},[50,80956,78],{"class":64},[50,80958,1878],{"class":111},[50,80960,98],{"class":64},[50,80962,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,80964,2954],{"class":56},[50,80966,61],{"class":60},[50,80968,80695],{"class":151},[50,80970,155],{"class":64},[50,80972,4167],{"class":371},[50,80974,78],{"class":64},[50,80976,4982],{"class":158},[50,80978,186],{"class":64},[50,80980,80981],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,80982,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,80984,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,80986,366],{"class":151},[50,80988,155],{"class":64},[50,80990,372],{"class":371},[50,80992,155],{"class":64},[50,80994,2989],{"class":158},[50,80996,1077],{"class":64},[20,80998,189],{},[41,81000,81002],{"className":43,"code":81001,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,81003,81004],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81007,4620],{"class":64},[50,81009,413],{"class":68},[50,81011,1868],{"class":72},[50,81013,413],{"class":68},[50,81015,78],{"class":64},[50,81017,408],{"class":68},[50,81019,16457],{"class":72},[50,81021,413],{"class":68},[50,81023,78],{"class":64},[50,81025,408],{"class":68},[50,81027,37518],{"class":72},[50,81029,413],{"class":68},[50,81031,98],{"class":64},[20,81033,12387],{},[233,81035,81036,81041,81049,81057,81065],{},[236,81037,81038,81040],{},[15,81039,381],{}," contains integers",[236,81042,81043,81046,81047],{},[15,81044,81045],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,81048,48359],{},[236,81050,81051,42831,81054],{},[15,81052,81053],{},"str(10)",[15,81055,81056],{},"'10'",[236,81058,81059,42831,81062],{},[15,81060,81061],{},"str(20)",[15,81063,81064],{},"'20'",[236,81066,81067,42831,81070],{},[15,81068,81069],{},"str(30)",[15,81071,81072],{},"'30'",[20,81074,54331,81075,81077,81078,81080],{},[15,81076,40393],{}," applies ",[15,81079,48359],{}," one item at a time.",[20,81082,81083,81084,81086,81087,838],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,81085,25474],{}," better, see ",[335,81088,13,81089,2551],{"href":65525},[15,81090,25474],{},[36,81092,2447,81094,81096],{"id":81093},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,81095,40393],{}," with your own function",[20,81098,16417,81099,81101],{},[15,81100,40393],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[41,81103,81105],{"className":43,"code":81104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81106,81107,81120,81130,81134,81158,81177,81181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81108,81109,81111,81114,81116,81118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81110,35536],{"class":752},[50,81112,81113],{"class":35539}," double",[50,81115,155],{"class":64},[50,81117,2896],{"class":38340},[50,81119,167],{"class":64},[50,81121,81122,81124,81126,81128],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81123,35547],{"class":137},[50,81125,4602],{"class":56},[50,81127,40549],{"class":60},[50,81129,1092],{"class":111},[50,81131,81132],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81133,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81137,302],{"class":56},[50,81139,61],{"class":60},[50,81141,65],{"class":64},[50,81143,309],{"class":111},[50,81145,78],{"class":64},[50,81147,314],{"class":111},[50,81149,78],{"class":64},[50,81151,319],{"class":111},[50,81153,78],{"class":64},[50,81155,3181],{"class":111},[50,81157,98],{"class":64},[50,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81171,81173,81175],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,81161,2954],{"class":56},[50,81163,61],{"class":60},[50,81165,80695],{"class":151},[50,81167,155],{"class":64},[50,81169,81170],{"class":158},"double",[50,81172,78],{"class":64},[50,81174,4982],{"class":158},[50,81176,186],{"class":64},[50,81178,81179],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,81180,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,81184,366],{"class":151},[50,81186,155],{"class":64},[50,81188,372],{"class":371},[50,81190,155],{"class":64},[50,81192,2989],{"class":158},[50,81194,1077],{"class":64},[20,81196,189],{},[41,81198,81199],{"className":43,"code":40562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81200,81201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81204,4620],{"class":64},[50,81206,422],{"class":111},[50,81208,78],{"class":64},[50,81210,3181],{"class":111},[50,81212,78],{"class":64},[50,81214,38321],{"class":111},[50,81216,78],{"class":64},[50,81218,7073],{"class":111},[50,81220,98],{"class":64},[20,81222,66262],{},[233,81224,81225,81232,81238],{},[236,81226,81227,81229,81230],{},[15,81228,40393],{}," takes the function ",[15,81231,81170],{},[236,81233,81234,81235,81237],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81236,381],{}," into that function",[236,81239,81240],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81242,81243],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[233,81245,81246,81253,81260,81268],{},[236,81247,81248,6785,81251],{},[15,81249,81250],{},"double(1)",[15,81252,422],{},[236,81254,81255,6785,81258],{},[15,81256,81257],{},"double(2)",[15,81259,1089],{},[236,81261,81262,6785,81265],{},[15,81263,81264],{},"double(3)",[15,81266,81267],{},"6",[236,81269,81270,6785,81273],{},[15,81271,81272],{},"double(4)",[15,81274,3069],{},[36,81276,2447,81278,81280],{"id":81277},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81279,40393],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81282,81283,81285],{},[15,81284,40393],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81287,81288],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81290,2931],{},[41,81292,81294],{"className":43,"code":81293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81295,81296,81313,81323,81327,81347,81367,81371,81395,81399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81297,81298,81300,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81299,35536],{"class":752},[50,81301,81302],{"class":35539}," add_numbers",[50,81304,155],{"class":64},[50,81306,335],{"class":38340},[50,81308,78],{"class":64},[50,81310,1948],{"class":38340},[50,81312,167],{"class":64},[50,81314,81315,81317,81319,81321],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81316,35547],{"class":137},[50,81318,45222],{"class":56},[50,81320,2783],{"class":60},[50,81322,36859],{"class":56},[50,81324,81325],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81326,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81328,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81330,1861],{"class":56},[50,81332,61],{"class":60},[50,81334,65],{"class":64},[50,81336,309],{"class":111},[50,81338,78],{"class":64},[50,81340,314],{"class":111},[50,81342,78],{"class":64},[50,81344,319],{"class":111},[50,81346,98],{"class":64},[50,81348,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,81350,1885],{"class":56},[50,81352,61],{"class":60},[50,81354,65],{"class":64},[50,81356,1868],{"class":111},[50,81358,78],{"class":64},[50,81360,1873],{"class":111},[50,81362,78],{"class":64},[50,81364,1878],{"class":111},[50,81366,98],{"class":64},[50,81368,81369],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,81370,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81372,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81384,81386,81389,81391,81393],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,81374,2954],{"class":56},[50,81376,61],{"class":60},[50,81378,80695],{"class":151},[50,81380,155],{"class":64},[50,81382,81383],{"class":158},"add_numbers",[50,81385,78],{"class":64},[50,81387,81388],{"class":158}," list1",[50,81390,78],{"class":64},[50,81392,1931],{"class":158},[50,81394,186],{"class":64},[50,81396,81397],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,81398,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81400,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,81402,366],{"class":151},[50,81404,155],{"class":64},[50,81406,372],{"class":371},[50,81408,155],{"class":64},[50,81410,2989],{"class":158},[50,81412,1077],{"class":64},[20,81414,189],{},[41,81416,81418],{"className":43,"code":81417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81419,81420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81421,81422,81424,81427,81429,81432,81434,81437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81423,4620],{"class":64},[50,81425,81426],{"class":111},"11",[50,81428,78],{"class":64},[50,81430,81431],{"class":111}," 22",[50,81433,78],{"class":64},[50,81435,81436],{"class":111}," 33",[50,81438,98],{"class":64},[20,81440,2901],{},[233,81442,81443,81449,81455],{},[236,81444,81445,81446],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81447,81448],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[236,81450,81451,81452],{},"then ",[15,81453,81454],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[236,81456,81451,81457],{},[15,81458,81459],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1112,81461,81463,81465],{"id":81462},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81464,40393],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81467,81468,81469,81471],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81470,40393],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[41,81473,81475],{"className":43,"code":81474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81476,81477,81493,81503,81507,81531,81547,81551,81573,81577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81478,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81480,35536],{"class":752},[50,81482,81302],{"class":35539},[50,81484,155],{"class":64},[50,81486,335],{"class":38340},[50,81488,78],{"class":64},[50,81490,1948],{"class":38340},[50,81492,167],{"class":64},[50,81494,81495,81497,81499,81501],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81496,35547],{"class":137},[50,81498,45222],{"class":56},[50,81500,2783],{"class":60},[50,81502,36859],{"class":56},[50,81504,81505],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81506,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81508,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81510,1861],{"class":56},[50,81512,61],{"class":60},[50,81514,65],{"class":64},[50,81516,309],{"class":111},[50,81518,78],{"class":64},[50,81520,314],{"class":111},[50,81522,78],{"class":64},[50,81524,319],{"class":111},[50,81526,78],{"class":64},[50,81528,3181],{"class":111},[50,81530,98],{"class":64},[50,81532,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,81534,1885],{"class":56},[50,81536,61],{"class":60},[50,81538,65],{"class":64},[50,81540,1868],{"class":111},[50,81542,78],{"class":64},[50,81544,1873],{"class":111},[50,81546,98],{"class":64},[50,81548,81549],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,81550,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,81554,2954],{"class":56},[50,81556,61],{"class":60},[50,81558,80695],{"class":151},[50,81560,155],{"class":64},[50,81562,81383],{"class":158},[50,81564,78],{"class":64},[50,81566,81388],{"class":158},[50,81568,78],{"class":64},[50,81570,1931],{"class":158},[50,81572,186],{"class":64},[50,81574,81575],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,81576,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81578,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,81580,366],{"class":151},[50,81582,155],{"class":64},[50,81584,372],{"class":371},[50,81586,155],{"class":64},[50,81588,2989],{"class":158},[50,81590,1077],{"class":64},[20,81592,189],{},[41,81594,81596],{"className":43,"code":81595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81597,81598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81601,4620],{"class":64},[50,81603,81426],{"class":111},[50,81605,78],{"class":64},[50,81607,81431],{"class":111},[50,81609,98],{"class":64},[20,81611,81612,81613,81615],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81614,2157],{}," has only two items.",[36,81617,81619,81621],{"id":81618},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81620,40393],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81623,38701,81624,81626],{},[15,81625,40393],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81628,81629,81630,81633],{},"This object is ",[4465,81631,81632],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1112,81635,3213,81637,81639],{"id":81636},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81638,33714],{}," looks strange",[20,81641,34327],{},[41,81643,81645],{"className":43,"code":81644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81646,81647,81667,81685,81689],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81648,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81650,302],{"class":56},[50,81652,61],{"class":60},[50,81654,65],{"class":64},[50,81656,309],{"class":111},[50,81658,78],{"class":64},[50,81660,314],{"class":111},[50,81662,78],{"class":64},[50,81664,319],{"class":111},[50,81666,98],{"class":64},[50,81668,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81670,2954],{"class":56},[50,81672,61],{"class":60},[50,81674,80695],{"class":151},[50,81676,155],{"class":64},[50,81678,4167],{"class":371},[50,81680,78],{"class":64},[50,81682,4982],{"class":158},[50,81684,186],{"class":64},[50,81686,81687],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81688,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81690,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81692,366],{"class":151},[50,81694,155],{"class":64},[50,81696,2989],{"class":158},[50,81698,186],{"class":64},[20,81700,81701],{},"Output will look something like this:",[41,81703,81705],{"className":43,"code":81704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81706,81707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81708,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81710,4014],{"class":60},[50,81712,40536],{"class":151},[50,81714,25310],{"class":371},[50,81716,38041],{"class":56},[50,81718,38045],{"class":38044},[50,81720,38048],{"class":35138},[50,81722,4026],{"class":60},[20,81724,81725],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81727,81728],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[41,81730,81732],{"className":43,"code":81731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81733,81734,81754,81772,81776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81735,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81737,302],{"class":56},[50,81739,61],{"class":60},[50,81741,65],{"class":64},[50,81743,309],{"class":111},[50,81745,78],{"class":64},[50,81747,314],{"class":111},[50,81749,78],{"class":64},[50,81751,319],{"class":111},[50,81753,98],{"class":64},[50,81755,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81757,2954],{"class":56},[50,81759,61],{"class":60},[50,81761,80695],{"class":151},[50,81763,155],{"class":64},[50,81765,4167],{"class":371},[50,81767,78],{"class":64},[50,81769,4982],{"class":158},[50,81771,186],{"class":64},[50,81773,81774],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81775,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81777,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81779,366],{"class":151},[50,81781,155],{"class":64},[50,81783,372],{"class":371},[50,81785,155],{"class":64},[50,81787,2989],{"class":158},[50,81789,1077],{"class":64},[20,81791,189],{},[41,81793,81795],{"className":43,"code":81794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81796,81797],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81798,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81800,4620],{"class":64},[50,81802,413],{"class":68},[50,81804,309],{"class":72},[50,81806,413],{"class":68},[50,81808,78],{"class":64},[50,81810,408],{"class":68},[50,81812,422],{"class":72},[50,81814,413],{"class":68},[50,81816,78],{"class":64},[50,81818,408],{"class":68},[50,81820,437],{"class":72},[50,81822,413],{"class":68},[50,81824,98],{"class":64},[1112,81826,81828],{"id":81827},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[41,81830,81832],{"className":43,"code":81831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81833,81834,81854,81872,81876,81889],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81835,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81837,302],{"class":56},[50,81839,61],{"class":60},[50,81841,65],{"class":64},[50,81843,309],{"class":111},[50,81845,78],{"class":64},[50,81847,314],{"class":111},[50,81849,78],{"class":64},[50,81851,319],{"class":111},[50,81853,98],{"class":64},[50,81855,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81857,2954],{"class":56},[50,81859,61],{"class":60},[50,81861,80695],{"class":151},[50,81863,155],{"class":64},[50,81865,4167],{"class":371},[50,81867,78],{"class":64},[50,81869,4982],{"class":158},[50,81871,186],{"class":64},[50,81873,81874],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81875,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81877,81878,81880,81882,81884,81887],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81879,33],{"class":137},[50,81881,2221],{"class":56},[50,81883,148],{"class":137},[50,81885,81886],{"class":56}," result",[50,81888,2229],{"class":64},[50,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,81892,173],{"class":151},[50,81894,155],{"class":64},[50,81896,2238],{"class":158},[50,81898,186],{"class":64},[20,81900,189],{},[41,81902,81904],{"className":43,"code":81903,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81905,81906,81910,81914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81907,81908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81909,47592],{"class":111},[50,81911,81912],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81913,17756],{"class":111},[50,81915,81916],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81917,47292],{"class":111},[1112,81919,81921],{"id":81920},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81923,81924],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[41,81926,81928],{"className":43,"code":81927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81929,81930,81950,81968,81972,81986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81931,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81933,302],{"class":56},[50,81935,61],{"class":60},[50,81937,65],{"class":64},[50,81939,309],{"class":111},[50,81941,78],{"class":64},[50,81943,314],{"class":111},[50,81945,78],{"class":64},[50,81947,319],{"class":111},[50,81949,98],{"class":64},[50,81951,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,81953,2954],{"class":56},[50,81955,61],{"class":60},[50,81957,80695],{"class":151},[50,81959,155],{"class":64},[50,81961,4167],{"class":371},[50,81963,78],{"class":64},[50,81965,4982],{"class":158},[50,81967,186],{"class":64},[50,81969,81970],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,81971,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,81975,366],{"class":151},[50,81977,155],{"class":64},[50,81979,372],{"class":371},[50,81981,155],{"class":64},[50,81983,2989],{"class":158},[50,81985,1077],{"class":64},[50,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,81989,366],{"class":151},[50,81991,155],{"class":64},[50,81993,372],{"class":371},[50,81995,155],{"class":64},[50,81997,2989],{"class":158},[50,81999,1077],{"class":64},[20,82001,189],{},[41,82003,82005],{"className":43,"code":82004,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,82006,82007,82035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82010,4620],{"class":64},[50,82012,413],{"class":68},[50,82014,309],{"class":72},[50,82016,413],{"class":68},[50,82018,78],{"class":64},[50,82020,408],{"class":68},[50,82022,422],{"class":72},[50,82024,413],{"class":68},[50,82026,78],{"class":64},[50,82028,408],{"class":68},[50,82030,437],{"class":72},[50,82032,413],{"class":68},[50,82034,98],{"class":64},[50,82036,82037],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82038,1602],{"class":64},[20,82040,82041],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,82043,82044],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[41,82046,82048],{"className":43,"code":82047,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,82049,82050,82070,82092,82096,82106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82051,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82053,302],{"class":56},[50,82055,61],{"class":60},[50,82057,65],{"class":64},[50,82059,309],{"class":111},[50,82061,78],{"class":64},[50,82063,314],{"class":111},[50,82065,78],{"class":64},[50,82067,319],{"class":111},[50,82069,98],{"class":64},[50,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82073,2954],{"class":56},[50,82075,61],{"class":60},[50,82077,1191],{"class":371},[50,82079,155],{"class":64},[50,82081,40536],{"class":151},[50,82083,155],{"class":64},[50,82085,4167],{"class":371},[50,82087,78],{"class":64},[50,82089,4982],{"class":158},[50,82091,1077],{"class":64},[50,82093,82094],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82095,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82099,366],{"class":151},[50,82101,155],{"class":64},[50,82103,2989],{"class":158},[50,82105,186],{"class":64},[50,82107,82108,82110,82112,82114],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,82109,366],{"class":151},[50,82111,155],{"class":64},[50,82113,2989],{"class":158},[50,82115,186],{"class":64},[20,82117,189],{},[41,82119,82121],{"className":43,"code":82120,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,82122,82123,82151],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82124,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82126,4620],{"class":64},[50,82128,413],{"class":68},[50,82130,309],{"class":72},[50,82132,413],{"class":68},[50,82134,78],{"class":64},[50,82136,408],{"class":68},[50,82138,422],{"class":72},[50,82140,413],{"class":68},[50,82142,78],{"class":64},[50,82144,408],{"class":68},[50,82146,437],{"class":72},[50,82148,413],{"class":68},[50,82150,98],{"class":64},[50,82152,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82154,4620],{"class":64},[50,82156,413],{"class":68},[50,82158,309],{"class":72},[50,82160,413],{"class":68},[50,82162,78],{"class":64},[50,82164,408],{"class":68},[50,82166,422],{"class":72},[50,82168,413],{"class":68},[50,82170,78],{"class":64},[50,82172,408],{"class":68},[50,82174,437],{"class":72},[50,82176,413],{"class":68},[50,82178,98],{"class":64},[36,82180,5681,82182],{"id":82181},"when-to-use-map",[15,82183,40393],{},[20,82185,82186,82188],{},[15,82187,40393],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,82190,82191],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[233,82193,82194,82198,82202],{},[236,82195,82196],{},[15,82197,4167],{},[236,82199,82200],{},[15,82201,2911],{},[236,82203,82204],{},[15,82205,2741],{},[20,82207,2931],{},[41,82209,82211],{"className":43,"code":82210,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82212,82213,82245,82267,82271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82214,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82216,1321],{"class":56},[50,82218,61],{"class":60},[50,82220,65],{"class":64},[50,82222,413],{"class":68},[50,82224,309],{"class":72},[50,82226,413],{"class":68},[50,82228,78],{"class":64},[50,82230,408],{"class":68},[50,82232,422],{"class":72},[50,82234,413],{"class":68},[50,82236,78],{"class":64},[50,82238,408],{"class":68},[50,82240,437],{"class":72},[50,82242,413],{"class":68},[50,82244,98],{"class":64},[50,82246,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82248,302],{"class":56},[50,82250,61],{"class":60},[50,82252,1191],{"class":371},[50,82254,155],{"class":64},[50,82256,40536],{"class":151},[50,82258,155],{"class":64},[50,82260,2911],{"class":371},[50,82262,78],{"class":64},[50,82264,1375],{"class":158},[50,82266,1077],{"class":64},[50,82268,82269],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82270,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82274,366],{"class":151},[50,82276,155],{"class":64},[50,82278,381],{"class":158},[50,82280,186],{"class":64},[20,82282,189],{},[41,82284,82285],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82286,82287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82288,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82290,4620],{"class":64},[50,82292,309],{"class":111},[50,82294,78],{"class":64},[50,82296,314],{"class":111},[50,82298,78],{"class":64},[50,82300,319],{"class":111},[50,82302,98],{"class":64},[20,82304,82305],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82307,82308],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[41,82310,82312],{"className":43,"code":82311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82313,82314,82334,82356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82315,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82317,302],{"class":56},[50,82319,61],{"class":60},[50,82321,65],{"class":64},[50,82323,309],{"class":111},[50,82325,78],{"class":64},[50,82327,314],{"class":111},[50,82329,78],{"class":64},[50,82331,319],{"class":111},[50,82333,98],{"class":64},[50,82335,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82337,2954],{"class":56},[50,82339,61],{"class":60},[50,82341,1191],{"class":371},[50,82343,155],{"class":64},[50,82345,40536],{"class":151},[50,82347,155],{"class":64},[50,82349,4167],{"class":371},[50,82351,78],{"class":64},[50,82353,4982],{"class":158},[50,82355,1077],{"class":64},[50,82357,82358,82360,82362,82364],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82359,366],{"class":151},[50,82361,155],{"class":64},[50,82363,2989],{"class":158},[50,82365,186],{"class":64},[41,82367,82369],{"className":43,"code":82368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82370,82371,82391,82418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82372,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82374,302],{"class":56},[50,82376,61],{"class":60},[50,82378,65],{"class":64},[50,82380,309],{"class":111},[50,82382,78],{"class":64},[50,82384,314],{"class":111},[50,82386,78],{"class":64},[50,82388,319],{"class":111},[50,82390,98],{"class":64},[50,82392,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409,82412,82414,82416],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82394,2954],{"class":56},[50,82396,61],{"class":60},[50,82398,65],{"class":64},[50,82400,4167],{"class":371},[50,82402,155],{"class":64},[50,82404,76703],{"class":158},[50,82406,4382],{"class":64},[50,82408,4599],{"class":137},[50,82410,82411],{"class":56}," n ",[50,82413,148],{"class":137},[50,82415,4982],{"class":56},[50,82417,98],{"class":64},[50,82419,82420,82422,82424,82426],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82421,366],{"class":151},[50,82423,155],{"class":64},[50,82425,2989],{"class":158},[50,82427,186],{"class":64},[20,82429,82430],{},"Both produce:",[41,82432,82433],{"className":43,"code":81794,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82434,82435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82436,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82438,4620],{"class":64},[50,82440,413],{"class":68},[50,82442,309],{"class":72},[50,82444,413],{"class":68},[50,82446,78],{"class":64},[50,82448,408],{"class":68},[50,82450,422],{"class":72},[50,82452,413],{"class":68},[50,82454,78],{"class":64},[50,82456,408],{"class":68},[50,82458,437],{"class":72},[50,82460,413],{"class":68},[50,82462,98],{"class":64},[20,82464,82465],{},"A simple rule:",[233,82467,82468,82473,82478],{},[236,82469,40667,82470,82472],{},[15,82471,40393],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[236,82474,40673,82475,82477],{},[15,82476,33],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[236,82479,82480],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82482,82483,82484,838],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[335,82485,5112],{"href":5111},[36,82487,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,82489,82491,82492],{"id":82490},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82493,25474],{},[20,82495,82496],{},"This is very common:",[41,82498,82499],{"className":43,"code":81644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82500,82501,82521,82539,82543],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82502,82503,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82504,302],{"class":56},[50,82506,61],{"class":60},[50,82508,65],{"class":64},[50,82510,309],{"class":111},[50,82512,78],{"class":64},[50,82514,314],{"class":111},[50,82516,78],{"class":64},[50,82518,319],{"class":111},[50,82520,98],{"class":64},[50,82522,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82524,2954],{"class":56},[50,82526,61],{"class":60},[50,82528,80695],{"class":151},[50,82530,155],{"class":64},[50,82532,4167],{"class":371},[50,82534,78],{"class":64},[50,82536,4982],{"class":158},[50,82538,186],{"class":64},[50,82540,82541],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82542,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82544,82545,82547,82549,82551],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82546,366],{"class":151},[50,82548,155],{"class":64},[50,82550,2989],{"class":158},[50,82552,186],{"class":64},[20,82554,82555],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82557,39938],{},[41,82559,82561],{"className":43,"code":82560,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82562,82563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82564,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82566,366],{"class":151},[50,82568,155],{"class":64},[50,82570,372],{"class":371},[50,82572,155],{"class":64},[50,82574,2989],{"class":158},[50,82576,1077],{"class":64},[1112,82578,82580],{"id":82579},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82582,17344],{},[41,82584,82586],{"className":43,"code":82585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82587,82588,82608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82589,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82591,302],{"class":56},[50,82593,61],{"class":60},[50,82595,65],{"class":64},[50,82597,309],{"class":111},[50,82599,78],{"class":64},[50,82601,314],{"class":111},[50,82603,78],{"class":64},[50,82605,319],{"class":111},[50,82607,98],{"class":64},[50,82609,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82623,82625],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82611,2954],{"class":56},[50,82613,61],{"class":60},[50,82615,80695],{"class":151},[50,82617,155],{"class":64},[50,82619,4167],{"class":371},[50,82621,82622],{"class":64},"(),",[50,82624,4982],{"class":158},[50,82626,186],{"class":64},[20,82628,82629,82630,82632,82633,82635],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82631,48359],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82634,40393],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82637,17356],{},[41,82639,82640],{"className":43,"code":81731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82641,82642,82662,82680,82684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82643,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82645,302],{"class":56},[50,82647,61],{"class":60},[50,82649,65],{"class":64},[50,82651,309],{"class":111},[50,82653,78],{"class":64},[50,82655,314],{"class":111},[50,82657,78],{"class":64},[50,82659,319],{"class":111},[50,82661,98],{"class":64},[50,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82665,2954],{"class":56},[50,82667,61],{"class":60},[50,82669,80695],{"class":151},[50,82671,155],{"class":64},[50,82673,4167],{"class":371},[50,82675,78],{"class":64},[50,82677,4982],{"class":158},[50,82679,186],{"class":64},[50,82681,82682],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82683,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82685,82686,82688,82690,82692,82694,82696],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82687,366],{"class":151},[50,82689,155],{"class":64},[50,82691,372],{"class":371},[50,82693,155],{"class":64},[50,82695,2989],{"class":158},[50,82697,1077],{"class":64},[1112,82699,82701],{"id":82700},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82703,82704],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82706,17344],{},[41,82708,82710],{"className":43,"code":82709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82711,82712,82729,82739,82743,82763,82782,82786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82713,82714,82716,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82715,35536],{"class":752},[50,82717,82718],{"class":35539}," add",[50,82720,155],{"class":64},[50,82722,335],{"class":38340},[50,82724,78],{"class":64},[50,82726,1948],{"class":38340},[50,82728,167],{"class":64},[50,82730,82731,82733,82735,82737],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82732,35547],{"class":137},[50,82734,45222],{"class":56},[50,82736,2783],{"class":60},[50,82738,36859],{"class":56},[50,82740,82741],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82742,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82744,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757,82759,82761],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82746,302],{"class":56},[50,82748,61],{"class":60},[50,82750,65],{"class":64},[50,82752,309],{"class":111},[50,82754,78],{"class":64},[50,82756,314],{"class":111},[50,82758,78],{"class":64},[50,82760,319],{"class":111},[50,82762,98],{"class":64},[50,82764,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82776,82778,82780],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,82766,2954],{"class":56},[50,82768,61],{"class":60},[50,82770,80695],{"class":151},[50,82772,155],{"class":64},[50,82774,82775],{"class":158},"add",[50,82777,78],{"class":64},[50,82779,4982],{"class":158},[50,82781,186],{"class":64},[50,82783,82784],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,82785,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82787,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,82789,366],{"class":151},[50,82791,155],{"class":64},[50,82793,372],{"class":371},[50,82795,155],{"class":64},[50,82797,2989],{"class":158},[50,82799,1077],{"class":64},[20,82801,17356],{},[41,82803,82805],{"className":43,"code":82804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82806,82807,82823,82833,82837,82857,82877,82899,82903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82808,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82810,35536],{"class":752},[50,82812,82718],{"class":35539},[50,82814,155],{"class":64},[50,82816,335],{"class":38340},[50,82818,78],{"class":64},[50,82820,1948],{"class":38340},[50,82822,167],{"class":64},[50,82824,82825,82827,82829,82831],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82826,35547],{"class":137},[50,82828,45222],{"class":56},[50,82830,2783],{"class":60},[50,82832,36859],{"class":56},[50,82834,82835],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82836,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82838,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82840,1861],{"class":56},[50,82842,61],{"class":60},[50,82844,65],{"class":64},[50,82846,309],{"class":111},[50,82848,78],{"class":64},[50,82850,314],{"class":111},[50,82852,78],{"class":64},[50,82854,319],{"class":111},[50,82856,98],{"class":64},[50,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,82860,1885],{"class":56},[50,82862,61],{"class":60},[50,82864,65],{"class":64},[50,82866,1868],{"class":111},[50,82868,78],{"class":64},[50,82870,1873],{"class":111},[50,82872,78],{"class":64},[50,82874,1878],{"class":111},[50,82876,98],{"class":64},[50,82878,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,82880,2954],{"class":56},[50,82882,61],{"class":60},[50,82884,80695],{"class":151},[50,82886,155],{"class":64},[50,82888,82775],{"class":158},[50,82890,78],{"class":64},[50,82892,81388],{"class":158},[50,82894,78],{"class":64},[50,82896,1931],{"class":158},[50,82898,186],{"class":64},[50,82900,82901],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,82902,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82904,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,82906,366],{"class":151},[50,82908,155],{"class":64},[50,82910,372],{"class":371},[50,82912,155],{"class":64},[50,82914,2989],{"class":158},[50,82916,1077],{"class":64},[1112,82918,82920],{"id":82919},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82922,17344],{},[41,82924,82925],{"className":43,"code":81927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82926,82927,82947,82965,82969,82983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82928,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82930,302],{"class":56},[50,82932,61],{"class":60},[50,82934,65],{"class":64},[50,82936,309],{"class":111},[50,82938,78],{"class":64},[50,82940,314],{"class":111},[50,82942,78],{"class":64},[50,82944,319],{"class":111},[50,82946,98],{"class":64},[50,82948,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961,82963],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,82950,2954],{"class":56},[50,82952,61],{"class":60},[50,82954,80695],{"class":151},[50,82956,155],{"class":64},[50,82958,4167],{"class":371},[50,82960,78],{"class":64},[50,82962,4982],{"class":158},[50,82964,186],{"class":64},[50,82966,82967],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,82968,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,82970,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,82972,366],{"class":151},[50,82974,155],{"class":64},[50,82976,372],{"class":371},[50,82978,155],{"class":64},[50,82980,2989],{"class":158},[50,82982,1077],{"class":64},[50,82984,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,82986,366],{"class":151},[50,82988,155],{"class":64},[50,82990,372],{"class":371},[50,82992,155],{"class":64},[50,82994,2989],{"class":158},[50,82996,1077],{"class":64},[20,82998,82999],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,83001,83002],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[36,83004,68573],{"id":68572},[20,83006,9587,83007,83009],{},[15,83008,40393],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,83011,83013],{"className":43,"code":83012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,83014,83015,83025,83039,83053,83065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83016,83017,83019,83021,83023],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83018,366],{"class":151},[50,83020,155],{"class":64},[50,83022,2989],{"class":158},[50,83024,186],{"class":64},[50,83026,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83028,366],{"class":151},[50,83030,155],{"class":64},[50,83032,372],{"class":371},[50,83034,155],{"class":64},[50,83036,2989],{"class":158},[50,83038,1077],{"class":64},[50,83040,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83042,366],{"class":151},[50,83044,155],{"class":64},[50,83046,3945],{"class":371},[50,83048,155],{"class":64},[50,83050,2989],{"class":158},[50,83052,1077],{"class":64},[50,83054,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,83056,33],{"class":137},[50,83058,2221],{"class":56},[50,83060,148],{"class":137},[50,83062,81886],{"class":56},[50,83064,2229],{"class":64},[50,83066,83067,83069,83071,83073],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,83068,173],{"class":151},[50,83070,155],{"class":64},[50,83072,2238],{"class":158},[50,83074,186],{"class":64},[20,83076,13376],{},[233,83078,83079,83084,83089,83095],{},[236,83080,83081,83083],{},[15,83082,33714],{}," shows that you have a map object",[236,83085,83086,83088],{},[15,83087,33722],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[236,83090,83091,83094],{},[15,83092,83093],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[236,83096,83097,83098,83100],{},"looping over ",[15,83099,2989],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,83102,83103,83104,83107,83108,83110],{},"Be careful: ",[15,83105,83106],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,83109,33],{}," loop consume the map object.",[36,83112,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,83114,2569,83116,83118],{"id":83115},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,83117,40393],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,83120,83121,83122,83124,83125,24631],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,83123,40393],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,83126,83127],{},"list(map(...))",[1112,83129,15605,83131,83133,83134,83136],{"id":83130},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,83132,40393],{}," better than a ",[15,83135,33],{}," loop?",[20,83138,83139,83140,83142,83143,83145],{},"Not always. ",[15,83141,40393],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,83144,33],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1112,83147,5883,83149,83151],{"id":83148},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,83150,40393],{}," use more than one list?",[20,83153,83154],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1112,83156,83158],{"id":83157},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,83160,83161],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[36,83163,2610],{"id":2609},[233,83165,83166,83172,83178,83182,83186],{},[236,83167,83168],{},[335,83169,13,83170,2551],{"href":40762},[15,83171,38253],{},[236,83173,83174],{},[335,83175,13,83176,2551],{"href":65525},[15,83177,25474],{},[236,83179,83180],{},[335,83181,5934],{"href":5847},[236,83183,83184],{},[335,83185,5939],{"href":5111},[236,83187,83188],{},[335,83189,2628],{"href":5851},[2640,83191,83192],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":83194},[83195,83196,83198,83199,83200,83202,83207,83214,83216,83223,83224,83233],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":80774,"depth":101,"text":83197},"What map() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":81093,"depth":101,"text":83201},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81277,"depth":101,"text":83203,"children":83204},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83205],{"id":81462,"depth":127,"text":83206},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81618,"depth":101,"text":83208,"children":83209},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83210,83212,83213],{"id":81636,"depth":127,"text":83211},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81827,"depth":127,"text":81828},{"id":81920,"depth":127,"text":81921},{"id":82181,"depth":101,"text":83215},"When to use map()",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":83217},[83218,83220,83221,83222],{"id":82490,"depth":127,"text":83219},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82579,"depth":127,"text":82580},{"id":82700,"depth":127,"text":82701},{"id":82919,"depth":127,"text":82920},{"id":68572,"depth":101,"text":68573},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":83225},[83226,83228,83230,83232],{"id":83115,"depth":127,"text":83227},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":83130,"depth":127,"text":83229},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":83148,"depth":127,"text":83231},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":83157,"depth":127,"text":83158},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80606,"description":83234},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83241,"title":83242,"body":83243,"description":85262,"extension":2687,"meta":85263,"navigation":130,"path":85264,"seo":85265,"stem":85266,"__hash__":85267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83244,"toc":85220},[83245,83251,83256,83259,83267,83270,83272,83396,83398,83416,83418,83438,83443,83447,83461,83464,83467,83469,83474,83586,83589,83607,83613,83616,83678,83680,83689,83692,83706,83708,83755,83757,83766,83776,83782,83785,83812,83814,83822,83825,83828,83898,83900,83908,83911,83916,83921,83972,83974,83982,83985,83987,84004,84006,84058,84061,84067,84071,84076,84079,84083,84142,84144,84153,84159,84168,84172,84235,84237,84245,84250,84254,84259,84339,84341,84350,84357,84362,84367,84370,84405,84407,84415,84418,84424,84426,84476,84478,84487,84490,84508,84510,84515,84521,84528,84555,84557,84580,84585,84620,84625,84631,84636,84679,84682,84685,84724,84731,84737,84742,84757,84761,84768,84771,84775,84780,84784,84789,84791,84852,84854,84883,84888,84895,84904,84906,84909,84934,84936,85039,85042,85060,85069,85071,85076,85079,85085,85088,85090,85100,85106,85110,85168,85175,85183,85185,85217],[10,83246,13,83248,18],{"id":83247},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83249,83250],{},"max()",[20,83252,9835,83253,83255],{},[15,83254,83250],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83257,83258],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[233,83260,83261,83264],{},[236,83262,83263],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[236,83265,83266],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83268,83269],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[36,83271,39],{"id":38},[41,83273,83275],{"className":43,"code":83274,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83276,83277,83301,83316,83320,83346,83350,83382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83278,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83280,302],{"class":56},[50,83282,61],{"class":60},[50,83284,65],{"class":64},[50,83286,437],{"class":111},[50,83288,78],{"class":64},[50,83290,7073],{"class":111},[50,83292,78],{"class":64},[50,83294,314],{"class":111},[50,83296,78],{"class":64},[50,83298,5325],{"class":111},[50,83300,98],{"class":64},[50,83302,83303,83305,83307,83310,83312,83314],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83304,366],{"class":151},[50,83306,155],{"class":64},[50,83308,83309],{"class":151},"max",[50,83311,155],{"class":64},[50,83313,381],{"class":158},[50,83315,1077],{"class":64},[50,83317,83318],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83319,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,83321,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,83323,366],{"class":151},[50,83325,155],{"class":64},[50,83327,83309],{"class":151},[50,83329,155],{"class":64},[50,83331,437],{"class":111},[50,83333,78],{"class":64},[50,83335,7073],{"class":111},[50,83337,78],{"class":64},[50,83339,314],{"class":111},[50,83341,78],{"class":64},[50,83343,5325],{"class":111},[50,83345,1077],{"class":64},[50,83347,83348],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,83349,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,83351,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,83353,4788],{"class":56},[50,83355,61],{"class":60},[50,83357,65],{"class":64},[50,83359,69],{"class":68},[50,83361,4797],{"class":72},[50,83363,69],{"class":68},[50,83365,78],{"class":64},[50,83367,81],{"class":68},[50,83369,4806],{"class":72},[50,83371,69],{"class":68},[50,83373,78],{"class":64},[50,83375,81],{"class":68},[50,83377,79417],{"class":72},[50,83379,69],{"class":68},[50,83381,98],{"class":64},[50,83383,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,83385,366],{"class":151},[50,83387,155],{"class":64},[50,83389,83309],{"class":151},[50,83391,155],{"class":64},[50,83393,4832],{"class":158},[50,83395,1077],{"class":64},[20,83397,189],{},[41,83399,83401],{"className":43,"code":83400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83402,83403,83407,83411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83404,83405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83406,3105],{"class":111},[50,83408,83409],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83410,3105],{"class":111},[50,83412,83413],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83414,83415],{"class":56},"pear\n",[20,83417,20655],{},[233,83419,83420,83426,83432],{},[236,83421,83422,83425],{},[15,83423,83424],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[236,83427,83428,83431],{},[15,83429,83430],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[236,83433,83434,83437],{},[15,83435,83436],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[36,83439,228,83441,231],{"id":83440},"what-max-does",[15,83442,83250],{},[20,83444,83445,1408],{},[15,83446,83250],{},[233,83448,83449,83452,83455,83458],{},[236,83450,83451],{},"Returns the largest item",[236,83453,83454],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[236,83456,83457],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[236,83459,83460],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83462,83463],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83465,83466],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[36,83468,256],{"id":255},[20,83470,83471,83472,1408],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83473,83250],{},[41,83475,83477],{"className":43,"code":83476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83478,83479,83489,83513,83535,83558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83480,83481,83483,83485,83487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83482,83309],{"class":151},[50,83484,155],{"class":64},[50,83486,4442],{"class":158},[50,83488,186],{"class":64},[50,83490,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83502,83504,83506,83508,83511],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83492,83309],{"class":151},[50,83494,155],{"class":64},[50,83496,4442],{"class":158},[50,83498,78],{"class":64},[50,83500,83501],{"class":60}," *",[50,83503,78],{"class":64},[50,83505,22278],{"class":9886},[50,83507,61],{"class":60},[50,83509,83510],{"class":158},"func",[50,83512,186],{"class":64},[50,83514,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83516,83309],{"class":151},[50,83518,155],{"class":64},[50,83520,4442],{"class":158},[50,83522,78],{"class":64},[50,83524,83501],{"class":60},[50,83526,78],{"class":64},[50,83528,27214],{"class":9886},[50,83530,61],{"class":60},[50,83532,3197],{"class":158},[50,83534,186],{"class":64},[50,83536,83537,83539,83541,83544,83546,83549,83551,83553,83556],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,83538,83309],{"class":151},[50,83540,155],{"class":64},[50,83542,83543],{"class":158},"arg1",[50,83545,78],{"class":64},[50,83547,83548],{"class":158}," arg2",[50,83550,78],{"class":64},[50,83552,83501],{"class":60},[50,83554,83555],{"class":158},"args",[50,83557,186],{"class":64},[50,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,83561,83309],{"class":151},[50,83563,155],{"class":64},[50,83565,83543],{"class":158},[50,83567,78],{"class":64},[50,83569,83548],{"class":158},[50,83571,78],{"class":64},[50,83573,83501],{"class":60},[50,83575,83555],{"class":158},[50,83577,78],{"class":64},[50,83579,22278],{"class":9886},[50,83581,61],{"class":60},[50,83583,83510],{"class":158},[50,83585,186],{"class":64},[20,83587,83588],{},"The most important parts are:",[233,83590,83591,83596,83601],{},[236,83592,83593,83595],{},[15,83594,4442],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[236,83597,83598,83600],{},[15,83599,15543],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[236,83602,83603,83606],{},[15,83604,83605],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[36,83608,2447,83610,83612],{"id":83609},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83611,83250],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83614,83615],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[41,83617,83619],{"className":43,"code":83618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83620,83621,83647,83663,83667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83622,83623,83625,83627,83629,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83624,104],{"class":56},[50,83626,61],{"class":60},[50,83628,65],{"class":64},[50,83630,83631],{"class":111},"72",[50,83633,78],{"class":64},[50,83635,52187],{"class":111},[50,83637,78],{"class":64},[50,83639,117],{"class":111},[50,83641,78],{"class":64},[50,83643,83644],{"class":111}," 66",[50,83646,98],{"class":64},[50,83648,83649,83652,83654,83657,83659,83661],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83650,83651],{"class":56},"highest_score ",[50,83653,61],{"class":60},[50,83655,83656],{"class":151}," max",[50,83658,155],{"class":64},[50,83660,1074],{"class":158},[50,83662,186],{"class":64},[50,83664,83665],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83666,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,83668,83669,83671,83673,83676],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,83670,366],{"class":151},[50,83672,155],{"class":64},[50,83674,83675],{"class":158},"highest_score",[50,83677,186],{"class":64},[20,83679,189],{},[41,83681,83683],{"className":43,"code":83682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"91\n",[15,83684,83685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83686,83687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83688,83682],{"class":111},[20,83690,83691],{},"This works well for:",[233,83693,83694,83697,83700,83703],{},[236,83695,83696],{},"Scores",[236,83698,83699],{},"Prices",[236,83701,83702],{},"Ages",[236,83704,83705],{},"Counts",[20,83707,52757],{},[41,83709,83711],{"className":43,"code":83710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83712,83713,83740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83714,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83725,83728,83730,83733,83735,83738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83716,2021],{"class":56},[50,83718,61],{"class":60},[50,83720,65],{"class":64},[50,83722,41075],{"class":111},[50,83724,78],{"class":64},[50,83726,83727],{"class":111}," 5.50",[50,83729,78],{"class":64},[50,83731,83732],{"class":111}," 12.75",[50,83734,78],{"class":64},[50,83736,83737],{"class":111}," 29.00",[50,83739,98],{"class":64},[50,83741,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83753],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83743,366],{"class":151},[50,83745,155],{"class":64},[50,83747,83309],{"class":151},[50,83749,155],{"class":64},[50,83751,83752],{"class":158},"prices",[50,83754,1077],{"class":64},[20,83756,189],{},[41,83758,83760],{"className":43,"code":83759,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"29.0\n",[15,83761,83762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83763,83764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83765,83759],{"class":111},[20,83767,83768,83769,83771,83772,838],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83770,83250],{}," is simpler than ",[335,83773,83774],{"href":75194},[15,83775,75097],{},[36,83777,2447,83779,83781],{"id":83778},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83780,83250],{}," with separate values",[20,83783,83784],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[41,83786,83788],{"className":43,"code":83787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83789,83790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83791,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83793,366],{"class":151},[50,83795,155],{"class":64},[50,83797,83309],{"class":151},[50,83799,155],{"class":64},[50,83801,1089],{"class":111},[50,83803,78],{"class":64},[50,83805,31632],{"class":111},[50,83807,78],{"class":64},[50,83809,6706],{"class":111},[50,83811,1077],{"class":64},[20,83813,189],{},[41,83815,83816],{"className":43,"code":2949,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83817,83818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83819,83820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83821,2949],{"class":111},[20,83823,83824],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83826,83827],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[41,83829,83831],{"className":43,"code":83830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83832,83833,83842,83850,83860,83864,83887],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83834,83835,83837,83839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83836,1942],{"class":56},[50,83838,61],{"class":60},[50,83840,83841],{"class":111}," 15\n",[50,83843,83844,83846,83848],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83845,3304],{"class":56},[50,83847,61],{"class":60},[50,83849,3491],{"class":111},[50,83851,83852,83855,83857],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,83853,83854],{"class":56},"c ",[50,83856,61],{"class":60},[50,83858,83859],{"class":111}," 27\n",[50,83861,83862],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,83863,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,83865,83866,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,83867,83868],{"class":56},"largest ",[50,83870,61],{"class":60},[50,83872,83656],{"class":151},[50,83874,155],{"class":64},[50,83876,335],{"class":158},[50,83878,78],{"class":64},[50,83880,1948],{"class":158},[50,83882,78],{"class":64},[50,83884,10383],{"class":158},[50,83886,186],{"class":64},[50,83888,83889,83891,83893,83896],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,83890,366],{"class":151},[50,83892,155],{"class":64},[50,83894,83895],{"class":158},"largest",[50,83897,186],{"class":64},[20,83899,189],{},[41,83901,83902],{"className":43,"code":47287,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83903,83904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83905,83906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83907,47287],{"class":111},[20,83909,83910],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[36,83912,2447,83914,47734],{"id":83913},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83915,83250],{},[20,83917,83918,83920],{},[15,83919,83250],{}," can compare strings too.",[41,83922,83924],{"className":43,"code":83923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83925,83926,83958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83927,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83929,4788],{"class":56},[50,83931,61],{"class":60},[50,83933,65],{"class":64},[50,83935,69],{"class":68},[50,83937,4797],{"class":72},[50,83939,69],{"class":68},[50,83941,78],{"class":64},[50,83943,81],{"class":68},[50,83945,4806],{"class":72},[50,83947,69],{"class":68},[50,83949,78],{"class":64},[50,83951,81],{"class":68},[50,83953,79417],{"class":72},[50,83955,69],{"class":68},[50,83957,98],{"class":64},[50,83959,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,83961,366],{"class":151},[50,83963,155],{"class":64},[50,83965,83309],{"class":151},[50,83967,155],{"class":64},[50,83969,4832],{"class":158},[50,83971,1077],{"class":64},[20,83973,189],{},[41,83975,83976],{"className":43,"code":83415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83977,83978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83979,83980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83981,83415],{"class":56},[20,83983,83984],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83986,68961],{},[233,83988,83989,83998,84001],{},[236,83990,83991,83994,83995,83997],{},[15,83992,83993],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83996,65952],{}," alphabetically",[236,83999,84000],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[236,84002,84003],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,84005,2931],{},[41,84007,84009],{"className":43,"code":84008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,84010,84011,84044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84012,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84014,4788],{"class":56},[50,84016,61],{"class":60},[50,84018,65],{"class":64},[50,84020,69],{"class":68},[50,84022,4797],{"class":72},[50,84024,69],{"class":68},[50,84026,78],{"class":64},[50,84028,81],{"class":68},[50,84030,84031],{"class":72},"Banana",[50,84033,69],{"class":68},[50,84035,78],{"class":64},[50,84037,81],{"class":68},[50,84039,79417],{"class":72},[50,84041,69],{"class":68},[50,84043,98],{"class":64},[50,84045,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84047,366],{"class":151},[50,84049,155],{"class":64},[50,84051,83309],{"class":151},[50,84053,155],{"class":64},[50,84055,4832],{"class":158},[50,84057,1077],{"class":64},[20,84059,84060],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,84062,84063,84064,84066],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,84065,15543],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[36,84068,37289,84069,37292],{"id":79375},[15,84070,15543],{},[20,84072,2704,84073,84075],{},[15,84074,15543],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,84077,84078],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1112,84080,84082],{"id":84081},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[41,84084,84086],{"className":43,"code":84085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,84087,84088,84120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84089,84090,84092,84094,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84091,4788],{"class":56},[50,84093,61],{"class":60},[50,84095,65],{"class":64},[50,84097,69],{"class":68},[50,84099,37724],{"class":72},[50,84101,69],{"class":68},[50,84103,78],{"class":64},[50,84105,81],{"class":68},[50,84107,69004],{"class":72},[50,84109,69],{"class":68},[50,84111,78],{"class":64},[50,84113,81],{"class":68},[50,84115,58805],{"class":72},[50,84117,69],{"class":68},[50,84119,98],{"class":64},[50,84121,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84123,366],{"class":151},[50,84125,155],{"class":64},[50,84127,83309],{"class":151},[50,84129,155],{"class":64},[50,84131,4832],{"class":158},[50,84133,78],{"class":64},[50,84135,22278],{"class":9886},[50,84137,61],{"class":60},[50,84139,1060],{"class":151},[50,84141,1077],{"class":64},[20,84143,189],{},[41,84145,84147],{"className":43,"code":84146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"elephant\n",[15,84148,84149],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84150,84151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84152,84146],{"class":56},[20,84154,21469,84155,84158],{},[15,84156,84157],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,84160,84161,84162,34313,84164,838],{},"If you are new to ",[15,84163,43037],{},[335,84165,84166,6497],{"href":43034},[15,84167,43037],{},[1112,84169,84171],{"id":84170},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[41,84173,84175],{"className":43,"code":84174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,84176,84177,84209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84178,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84180,4788],{"class":56},[50,84182,61],{"class":60},[50,84184,65],{"class":64},[50,84186,69],{"class":68},[50,84188,4797],{"class":72},[50,84190,69],{"class":68},[50,84192,78],{"class":64},[50,84194,81],{"class":68},[50,84196,84031],{"class":72},[50,84198,69],{"class":68},[50,84200,78],{"class":64},[50,84202,81],{"class":68},[50,84204,79417],{"class":72},[50,84206,69],{"class":68},[50,84208,98],{"class":64},[50,84210,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84212,366],{"class":151},[50,84214,155],{"class":64},[50,84216,83309],{"class":151},[50,84218,155],{"class":64},[50,84220,4832],{"class":158},[50,84222,78],{"class":64},[50,84224,22278],{"class":9886},[50,84226,61],{"class":60},[50,84228,4167],{"class":371},[50,84230,838],{"class":64},[50,84232,9351],{"class":25443},[50,84234,1077],{"class":64},[20,84236,189],{},[41,84238,84239],{"className":43,"code":83415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84240,84241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84242,84243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84244,83415],{"class":56},[20,84246,21469,84247,84249],{},[15,84248,79371],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1112,84251,84253],{"id":84252},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84255,84256,84257,1408],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84258,38337],{},[41,84260,84262],{"className":43,"code":84261,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84263,84264,84307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84265,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84285,84287,84289,84291,84294,84296,84298,84300,84303,84305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84267,8493],{"class":56},[50,84269,61],{"class":60},[50,84271,65],{"class":64},[50,84273,69],{"class":68},[50,84275,335],{"class":72},[50,84277,69],{"class":68},[50,84279,78],{"class":64},[50,84281,81],{"class":68},[50,84283,84284],{"class":72},"bb",[50,84286,69],{"class":68},[50,84288,78],{"class":64},[50,84290,81],{"class":68},[50,84292,84293],{"class":72},"cccc",[50,84295,69],{"class":68},[50,84297,78],{"class":64},[50,84299,81],{"class":68},[50,84301,84302],{"class":72},"ddd",[50,84304,69],{"class":68},[50,84306,98],{"class":64},[50,84308,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84310,366],{"class":151},[50,84312,155],{"class":64},[50,84314,83309],{"class":151},[50,84316,155],{"class":64},[50,84318,8522],{"class":158},[50,84320,78],{"class":64},[50,84322,22278],{"class":9886},[50,84324,61],{"class":60},[50,84326,38337],{"class":752},[50,84328,43518],{"class":38340},[50,84330,1408],{"class":64},[50,84332,1069],{"class":151},[50,84334,155],{"class":64},[50,84336,35393],{"class":158},[50,84338,389],{"class":64},[20,84340,189],{},[41,84342,84344],{"className":43,"code":84343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cccc\n",[15,84345,84346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84347,84348],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84349,84343],{"class":56},[20,84351,50226,84352,827,84354,84356],{},[15,84353,84157],{},[15,84355,79258],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[36,84358,37289,84360,37292],{"id":84359},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84361,83605],{},[20,84363,2704,84364,84366],{},[15,84365,83605],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84368,84369],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[41,84371,84373],{"className":43,"code":84372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84374,84375,84383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84376,84377,84379,84381],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84378,302],{"class":56},[50,84380,61],{"class":60},[50,84382,8551],{"class":64},[50,84384,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84386,366],{"class":151},[50,84388,155],{"class":64},[50,84390,83309],{"class":151},[50,84392,155],{"class":64},[50,84394,381],{"class":158},[50,84396,78],{"class":64},[50,84398,27214],{"class":9886},[50,84400,61],{"class":60},[50,84402,2842],{"class":111},[50,84404,1077],{"class":64},[20,84406,189],{},[41,84408,84409],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84410,84411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84412,84413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84414,47927],{"class":111},[20,84416,84417],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84419,84420,84421,84423],{},"Without ",[15,84422,83605],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84425,52757],{},[41,84427,84429],{"className":43,"code":84428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84430,84431,84439,84466],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84432,84433,84435,84437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84434,4788],{"class":56},[50,84436,61],{"class":60},[50,84438,8551],{"class":64},[50,84440,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84462,84464],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84442,2954],{"class":56},[50,84444,61],{"class":60},[50,84446,83656],{"class":151},[50,84448,155],{"class":64},[50,84450,4832],{"class":158},[50,84452,78],{"class":64},[50,84454,27214],{"class":9886},[50,84456,61],{"class":60},[50,84458,69],{"class":68},[50,84460,84461],{"class":72},"no words found",[50,84463,69],{"class":68},[50,84465,186],{"class":64},[50,84467,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,84469,366],{"class":151},[50,84471,155],{"class":64},[50,84473,2989],{"class":158},[50,84475,186],{"class":64},[20,84477,189],{},[41,84479,84481],{"className":43,"code":84480,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"no words found\n",[15,84482,84483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84484,84485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84486,84480],{"class":56},[20,84488,84489],{},"Important:",[233,84491,84492,84500],{},[236,84493,84494,84496,84497],{},[15,84495,83605],{}," works with ",[15,84498,84499],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[236,84501,41583,84502,84504,84505],{},[4465,84503,5351],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84506,84507],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[36,84509,48662],{"id":48661},[20,84511,84512,84513,838],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84514,83250],{},[1112,84516,84518,84520],{"id":84517},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84519,41381],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84522,84523,84524,46584,84526,838],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84525,83605],{},[15,84527,41381],{},[41,84529,84531],{"className":43,"code":84530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84532,84533,84541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84534,84535,84537,84539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84536,302],{"class":56},[50,84538,61],{"class":60},[50,84540,8551],{"class":64},[50,84542,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84544,366],{"class":151},[50,84546,155],{"class":64},[50,84548,83309],{"class":151},[50,84550,155],{"class":64},[50,84552,381],{"class":158},[50,84554,1077],{"class":64},[20,84556,30370],{},[41,84558,84560],{"className":43,"code":84559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84561,84562],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84563,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84575,84577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84565,41381],{"class":371},[50,84567,1408],{"class":64},[50,84569,83656],{"class":151},[50,84571,8079],{"class":64},[50,84573,84574],{"class":56}," arg ",[50,84576,12898],{"class":60},[50,84578,84579],{"class":56}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84581,84582,84583,1408],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84584,83605],{},[41,84586,84588],{"className":43,"code":84587,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84589,84590,84598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84591,84592,84594,84596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84593,302],{"class":56},[50,84595,61],{"class":60},[50,84597,8551],{"class":64},[50,84599,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84601,366],{"class":151},[50,84603,155],{"class":64},[50,84605,83309],{"class":151},[50,84607,155],{"class":64},[50,84609,381],{"class":158},[50,84611,78],{"class":64},[50,84613,27214],{"class":9886},[50,84615,61],{"class":60},[50,84617,4501],{"class":1806},[50,84619,1077],{"class":64},[20,84621,84622,84623,838],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[335,84624,66517],{"href":73551},[1112,84626,84628,84630],{"id":84627},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84629,3727],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84632,84633,84634,838],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84635,3727],{},[41,84637,84639],{"className":43,"code":84638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84640,84641,84665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84642,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84644,8493],{"class":56},[50,84646,61],{"class":60},[50,84648,65],{"class":64},[50,84650,1868],{"class":111},[50,84652,78],{"class":64},[50,84654,81],{"class":68},[50,84656,16457],{"class":72},[50,84658,69],{"class":68},[50,84660,78],{"class":64},[50,84662,1878],{"class":111},[50,84664,98],{"class":64},[50,84666,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84668,366],{"class":151},[50,84670,155],{"class":64},[50,84672,83309],{"class":151},[50,84674,155],{"class":64},[50,84676,8522],{"class":158},[50,84678,1077],{"class":64},[20,84680,84681],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84683,84684],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[41,84686,84688],{"className":43,"code":84687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84689,84690,84710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84691,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84693,8493],{"class":56},[50,84695,61],{"class":60},[50,84697,65],{"class":64},[50,84699,1868],{"class":111},[50,84701,78],{"class":64},[50,84703,1873],{"class":111},[50,84705,78],{"class":64},[50,84707,1878],{"class":111},[50,84709,98],{"class":64},[50,84711,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84713,366],{"class":151},[50,84715,155],{"class":64},[50,84717,83309],{"class":151},[50,84719,155],{"class":64},[50,84721,8522],{"class":158},[50,84723,1077],{"class":64},[20,84725,84726,84727,838],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[335,84728,84730],{"href":84729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1112,84732,84734,84736],{"id":84733},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84735,3727],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84738,84739,84741],{},[15,84740,83250],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[41,84743,84745],{"className":43,"code":84744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max())\n",[15,84746,84747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84748,84749,84751,84753,84755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84750,366],{"class":151},[50,84752,155],{"class":64},[50,84754,83309],{"class":151},[50,84756,7908],{"class":64},[20,84758,3724,84759,838],{},[15,84760,3727],{},[36,84762,84764,11286,84766],{"id":84763},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84765,83250],{},[15,84767,75097],{},[20,84769,84770],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84772,84773,1408],{},[15,84774,83250],{},[233,84776,84777],{},[236,84778,84779],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84781,84782,1408],{},[15,84783,75097],{},[233,84785,84786],{},[236,84787,84788],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84790,2931],{},[41,84792,84794],{"className":43,"code":84793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84795,84796,84820,84824,84838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84797,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84799,302],{"class":56},[50,84801,61],{"class":60},[50,84803,65],{"class":64},[50,84805,437],{"class":111},[50,84807,78],{"class":64},[50,84809,7073],{"class":111},[50,84811,78],{"class":64},[50,84813,314],{"class":111},[50,84815,78],{"class":64},[50,84817,5325],{"class":111},[50,84819,98],{"class":64},[50,84821,84822],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84823,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,84825,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,84827,366],{"class":151},[50,84829,155],{"class":64},[50,84831,83309],{"class":151},[50,84833,155],{"class":64},[50,84835,381],{"class":158},[50,84837,1077],{"class":64},[50,84839,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,84841,366],{"class":151},[50,84843,155],{"class":64},[50,84845,75187],{"class":151},[50,84847,155],{"class":64},[50,84849,381],{"class":158},[50,84851,1077],{"class":64},[20,84853,189],{},[41,84855,84857],{"className":43,"code":84856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84858,84859,84863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84860,84861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84862,3105],{"class":111},[50,84864,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84866,4620],{"class":64},[50,84868,422],{"class":111},[50,84870,78],{"class":64},[50,84872,319],{"class":111},[50,84874,78],{"class":64},[50,84876,5325],{"class":111},[50,84878,78],{"class":64},[50,84880,7073],{"class":111},[50,84882,98],{"class":64},[20,84884,221,84885,84887],{},[15,84886,83250],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84889,221,84890,84894],{},[335,84891,84892],{"href":75194},[15,84893,75097],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84896,84897,84898,838],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[335,84899,84901],{"href":84900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84902,84903],{},"min()",[36,84905,3553],{"id":3552},[20,84907,84908],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[233,84910,84911,84918,84921,84926,84929],{},[236,84912,30339,84913,84915,84916],{},[15,84914,83250],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84917,83605],{},[236,84919,84920],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[236,84922,2120,84923,84925],{},[15,84924,83250],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[236,84927,84928],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[236,84930,2447,84931,84933],{},[15,84932,83605],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84935,11815],{},[41,84937,84939],{"className":43,"code":84938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84940,84941,84951,84965,84979,84993,85015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84942,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84944,366],{"class":151},[50,84946,155],{"class":64},[50,84948,8522],{"class":158},[50,84950,186],{"class":64},[50,84952,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,84954,366],{"class":151},[50,84956,155],{"class":64},[50,84958,3945],{"class":371},[50,84960,155],{"class":64},[50,84962,8522],{"class":158},[50,84964,1077],{"class":64},[50,84966,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,84968,366],{"class":151},[50,84970,155],{"class":64},[50,84972,1060],{"class":151},[50,84974,155],{"class":64},[50,84976,8522],{"class":158},[50,84978,1077],{"class":64},[50,84980,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,84982,366],{"class":151},[50,84984,155],{"class":64},[50,84986,83309],{"class":151},[50,84988,155],{"class":64},[50,84990,8522],{"class":158},[50,84992,1077],{"class":64},[50,84994,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,84996,366],{"class":151},[50,84998,155],{"class":64},[50,85000,83309],{"class":151},[50,85002,155],{"class":64},[50,85004,8522],{"class":158},[50,85006,78],{"class":64},[50,85008,27214],{"class":9886},[50,85010,61],{"class":60},[50,85012,4501],{"class":1806},[50,85014,1077],{"class":64},[50,85016,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,85018,366],{"class":151},[50,85020,2182],{"class":64},[50,85022,3945],{"class":371},[50,85024,155],{"class":64},[50,85026,2896],{"class":158},[50,85028,4382],{"class":64},[50,85030,4599],{"class":137},[50,85032,4602],{"class":158},[50,85034,148],{"class":137},[50,85036,6678],{"class":158},[50,85038,2210],{"class":64},[20,85040,85041],{},"These are useful for checking:",[233,85043,85044,85049,85054,85057],{},[236,85045,85046,85047],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,85048,8522],{},[236,85050,80424,85051,85053],{},[15,85052,8522],{}," is a list or some other type",[236,85055,85056],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[236,85058,85059],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,85061,70024,85062,85065,85066,85068],{},[15,85063,85064],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,85067,8522],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[36,85070,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,85072,2559,85074,2562],{"id":85073},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,85075,83250],{},[20,85077,85078],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1112,85080,5883,85082,85084],{"id":85081},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,85083,83250],{}," work with strings?",[20,85086,85087],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1112,85089,72319],{"id":72318},[20,85091,85092,53172,85094,85096,85097,85099],{},[15,85093,83250],{},[15,85095,41381],{}," unless you use the ",[15,85098,83605],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1112,85101,85103,85104,2582],{"id":85102},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,85105,83250],{},[20,85107,221,85108,1408],{},[15,85109,84157],{},[41,85111,85112],{"className":43,"code":84085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85113,85114,85146],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85117,4788],{"class":56},[50,85119,61],{"class":60},[50,85121,65],{"class":64},[50,85123,69],{"class":68},[50,85125,37724],{"class":72},[50,85127,69],{"class":68},[50,85129,78],{"class":64},[50,85131,81],{"class":68},[50,85133,69004],{"class":72},[50,85135,69],{"class":68},[50,85137,78],{"class":64},[50,85139,81],{"class":68},[50,85141,58805],{"class":72},[50,85143,69],{"class":68},[50,85145,98],{"class":64},[50,85147,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85149,366],{"class":151},[50,85151,155],{"class":64},[50,85153,83309],{"class":151},[50,85155,155],{"class":64},[50,85157,4832],{"class":158},[50,85159,78],{"class":64},[50,85161,22278],{"class":9886},[50,85163,61],{"class":60},[50,85165,1060],{"class":151},[50,85167,1077],{"class":64},[1112,85169,5893,85171,827,85173,2582],{"id":85170},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,85172,83250],{},[15,85174,75097],{},[20,85176,85177,85179,85180,85182],{},[15,85178,83250],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":85221},[85222,85223,85225,85226,85228,85230,85232,85237,85239,85247,85249,85250,85261],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":83440,"depth":101,"text":85224},"What max() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":83609,"depth":101,"text":85227},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83778,"depth":101,"text":85229},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83913,"depth":101,"text":85231},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79375,"depth":101,"text":80573,"children":85233},[85234,85235,85236],{"id":84081,"depth":127,"text":84082},{"id":84170,"depth":127,"text":84171},{"id":84252,"depth":127,"text":84253},{"id":84359,"depth":101,"text":85238},"Using the default argument",{"id":48661,"depth":101,"text":48662,"children":85240},[85241,85243,85245],{"id":84517,"depth":127,"text":85242},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84627,"depth":127,"text":85244},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84733,"depth":127,"text":85246},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84763,"depth":101,"text":85248},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":85251},[85252,85254,85256,85257,85259],{"id":85073,"depth":127,"text":85253},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":85081,"depth":127,"text":85255},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72318,"depth":127,"text":72319},{"id":85102,"depth":127,"text":85258},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85170,"depth":127,"text":85260},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83242,"description":85262},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85269,"title":85270,"body":85271,"description":87224,"extension":2687,"meta":87225,"navigation":130,"path":87226,"seo":87227,"stem":87228,"__hash__":87229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function 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is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85284,85285,85286,85288],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85287,84903],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[36,85290,39],{"id":38},[41,85292,85294],{"className":43,"code":85293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85295,85296,85320,85335,85339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85297,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85299,302],{"class":56},[50,85301,61],{"class":60},[50,85303,65],{"class":64},[50,85305,2859],{"class":111},[50,85307,78],{"class":64},[50,85309,314],{"class":111},[50,85311,78],{"class":64},[50,85313,54814],{"class":111},[50,85315,78],{"class":64},[50,85317,6212],{"class":111},[50,85319,98],{"class":64},[50,85321,85322,85324,85326,85329,85331,85333],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85323,366],{"class":151},[50,85325,155],{"class":64},[50,85327,85328],{"class":151},"min",[50,85330,155],{"class":64},[50,85332,381],{"class":158},[50,85334,1077],{"class":64},[50,85336,85337],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,85338,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,85340,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,85342,366],{"class":151},[50,85344,155],{"class":64},[50,85346,85328],{"class":151},[50,85348,155],{"class":64},[50,85350,2859],{"class":111},[50,85352,78],{"class":64},[50,85354,314],{"class":111},[50,85356,78],{"class":64},[50,85358,54814],{"class":111},[50,85360,78],{"class":64},[50,85362,6212],{"class":111},[50,85364,1077],{"class":64},[20,85366,189],{},[41,85368,85370],{"className":43,"code":85369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n1\n",[15,85371,85372,85376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85373,85374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85375,47592],{"class":111},[50,85377,85378],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85379,47592],{"class":111},[20,85381,221,85382,85384],{},[15,85383,84903],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[36,85386,228,85388,231],{"id":85387},"what-min-does",[15,85389,84903],{},[233,85391,85392,85397,85400,85403],{},[236,85393,85394,85396],{},[15,85395,84903],{}," returns the smallest item",[236,85398,85399],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[236,85401,85402],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[236,85404,85405],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[36,85407,85409],{"id":85408},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85411,85412,85413,1408],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85414,84903],{},[41,85416,85418],{"className":43,"code":85417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85419,85420,85430,85455,85473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85421,85422,85424,85426,85428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85423,85328],{"class":151},[50,85425,155],{"class":64},[50,85427,4442],{"class":158},[50,85429,186],{"class":64},[50,85431,85432,85434,85436,85439,85441,85444,85446,85449,85451,85453],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85433,85328],{"class":151},[50,85435,155],{"class":64},[50,85437,85438],{"class":158},"value1",[50,85440,78],{"class":64},[50,85442,85443],{"class":158}," value2",[50,85445,78],{"class":64},[50,85447,85448],{"class":158}," value3",[50,85450,78],{"class":64},[50,85452,284],{"class":151},[50,85454,186],{"class":64},[50,85456,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,85458,85328],{"class":151},[50,85460,155],{"class":64},[50,85462,4442],{"class":158},[50,85464,78],{"class":64},[50,85466,22278],{"class":9886},[50,85468,61],{"class":60},[50,85470,38048],{"class":151},[50,85472,186],{"class":64},[50,85474,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,85476,85328],{"class":151},[50,85478,155],{"class":64},[50,85480,4442],{"class":158},[50,85482,78],{"class":64},[50,85484,27214],{"class":9886},[50,85486,61],{"class":60},[50,85488,38048],{"class":151},[50,85490,186],{"class":64},[1112,85492,85494],{"id":85493},"miniterable",[15,85495,85496],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85498,85499],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[41,85501,85503],{"className":43,"code":85502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85504,85505,85529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85506,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85508,302],{"class":56},[50,85510,61],{"class":60},[50,85512,65],{"class":64},[50,85514,3069],{"class":111},[50,85516,78],{"class":64},[50,85518,319],{"class":111},[50,85520,78],{"class":64},[50,85522,31632],{"class":111},[50,85524,78],{"class":64},[50,85526,6212],{"class":111},[50,85528,98],{"class":64},[50,85530,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85532,366],{"class":151},[50,85534,155],{"class":64},[50,85536,85328],{"class":151},[50,85538,155],{"class":64},[50,85540,381],{"class":158},[50,85542,1077],{"class":64},[20,85544,189],{},[41,85546,85547],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85548,85549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85550,85551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85552,47592],{"class":111},[1112,85554,85556],{"id":85555},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85557,85558],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85560,85561],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[41,85563,85565],{"className":43,"code":85564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85566,85567],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85568,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85570,366],{"class":151},[50,85572,155],{"class":64},[50,85574,85328],{"class":151},[50,85576,155],{"class":64},[50,85578,3069],{"class":111},[50,85580,78],{"class":64},[50,85582,319],{"class":111},[50,85584,78],{"class":64},[50,85586,31632],{"class":111},[50,85588,78],{"class":64},[50,85590,6212],{"class":111},[50,85592,1077],{"class":64},[20,85594,189],{},[41,85596,85597],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85598,85599],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85600,85601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85602,47592],{"class":111},[1112,85604,85606],{"id":85605},"miniterable-key",[15,85607,85608],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85610,221,85611,85613],{},[15,85612,15543],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[41,85615,85617],{"className":43,"code":85616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85618,85619,85651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85620,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85622,4788],{"class":56},[50,85624,61],{"class":60},[50,85626,65],{"class":64},[50,85628,69],{"class":68},[50,85630,79417],{"class":72},[50,85632,69],{"class":68},[50,85634,78],{"class":64},[50,85636,81],{"class":68},[50,85638,39018],{"class":72},[50,85640,69],{"class":68},[50,85642,78],{"class":64},[50,85644,81],{"class":68},[50,85646,4806],{"class":72},[50,85648,69],{"class":68},[50,85650,98],{"class":64},[50,85652,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85654,366],{"class":151},[50,85656,155],{"class":64},[50,85658,85328],{"class":151},[50,85660,155],{"class":64},[50,85662,4832],{"class":158},[50,85664,78],{"class":64},[50,85666,22278],{"class":9886},[50,85668,61],{"class":60},[50,85670,1060],{"class":151},[50,85672,1077],{"class":64},[20,85674,189],{},[41,85676,85678],{"className":43,"code":85677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"kiwi\n",[15,85679,85680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85681,85682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85683,85677],{"class":56},[20,85685,85686],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85688,85689,85690,85692,85693,838],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85691,43037],{},", see the ",[335,85694,85695,2551],{"href":43034},[15,85696,43037],{},[1112,85698,85700],{"id":85699},"miniterable-default",[15,85701,85702],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85704,221,85705,85707],{},[15,85706,83605],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[41,85709,85711],{"className":43,"code":85710,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85712,85713,85721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85714,85715,85717,85719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85716,302],{"class":56},[50,85718,61],{"class":60},[50,85720,8551],{"class":64},[50,85722,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85724,366],{"class":151},[50,85726,155],{"class":64},[50,85728,85328],{"class":151},[50,85730,155],{"class":64},[50,85732,381],{"class":158},[50,85734,78],{"class":64},[50,85736,27214],{"class":9886},[50,85738,61],{"class":60},[50,85740,2842],{"class":111},[50,85742,1077],{"class":64},[20,85744,189],{},[41,85746,85747],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85748,85749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85750,85751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85752,47927],{"class":111},[20,85754,85755,85756,85758],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85757,41381],{}," when there is no item to return.",[36,85760,2447,85762,85764],{"id":85761},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85763,84903],{}," with numbers",[20,85766,85767,85769],{},[15,85768,84903],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[41,85771,85773],{"className":43,"code":85772,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85774,85775,85800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85776,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85778,104],{"class":56},[50,85780,61],{"class":60},[50,85782,65],{"class":64},[50,85784,52182],{"class":111},[50,85786,78],{"class":64},[50,85788,85789],{"class":111}," 72",[50,85791,78],{"class":64},[50,85793,29597],{"class":111},[50,85795,78],{"class":64},[50,85797,76773],{"class":111},[50,85799,98],{"class":64},[50,85801,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85803,366],{"class":151},[50,85805,155],{"class":64},[50,85807,85328],{"class":151},[50,85809,155],{"class":64},[50,85811,1074],{"class":158},[50,85813,1077],{"class":64},[20,85815,189],{},[41,85817,85819],{"className":43,"code":85818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"60\n",[15,85820,85821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85822,85823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85824,85818],{"class":111},[20,85826,85827],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[41,85829,85831],{"className":43,"code":85830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85832,85833,85854],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85834,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85848,85850,85852],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85836,2021],{"class":56},[50,85838,61],{"class":60},[50,85840,65],{"class":64},[50,85842,41075],{"class":111},[50,85844,78],{"class":64},[50,85846,85847],{"class":111}," 5.49",[50,85849,78],{"class":64},[50,85851,83732],{"class":111},[50,85853,98],{"class":64},[50,85855,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85857,366],{"class":151},[50,85859,155],{"class":64},[50,85861,85328],{"class":151},[50,85863,155],{"class":64},[50,85865,83752],{"class":158},[50,85867,1077],{"class":64},[20,85869,189],{},[41,85871,85873],{"className":43,"code":85872,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.49\n",[15,85874,85875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85876,85877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85878,85872],{"class":111},[20,85880,85881],{},"This is useful for things like:",[233,85883,85884,85886,85888,85891],{},[236,85885,1074],{},[236,85887,83752],{},[236,85889,85890],{},"measurements",[236,85892,85893],{},"ages",[36,85895,2447,85897,47734],{"id":85896},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85898,84903],{},[20,85900,85901,85903],{},[15,85902,84903],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[41,85905,85907],{"className":43,"code":85906,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85908,85909,85941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85910,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85912,4788],{"class":56},[50,85914,61],{"class":60},[50,85916,65],{"class":64},[50,85918,69],{"class":68},[50,85920,4806],{"class":72},[50,85922,69],{"class":68},[50,85924,78],{"class":64},[50,85926,81],{"class":68},[50,85928,4797],{"class":72},[50,85930,69],{"class":68},[50,85932,78],{"class":64},[50,85934,81],{"class":68},[50,85936,4815],{"class":72},[50,85938,69],{"class":68},[50,85940,98],{"class":64},[50,85942,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,85944,366],{"class":151},[50,85946,155],{"class":64},[50,85948,85328],{"class":151},[50,85950,155],{"class":64},[50,85952,4832],{"class":158},[50,85954,1077],{"class":64},[20,85956,189],{},[41,85958,85960],{"className":43,"code":85959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple\n",[15,85961,85962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85963,85964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85965,85959],{"class":56},[20,85967,85968],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[41,85970,85972],{"className":43,"code":85971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85973,85974,86006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85975,85976,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85977,4788],{"class":56},[50,85979,61],{"class":60},[50,85981,65],{"class":64},[50,85983,69],{"class":68},[50,85985,4806],{"class":72},[50,85987,69],{"class":68},[50,85989,78],{"class":64},[50,85991,81],{"class":68},[50,85993,58446],{"class":72},[50,85995,69],{"class":68},[50,85997,78],{"class":64},[50,85999,81],{"class":68},[50,86001,4815],{"class":72},[50,86003,69],{"class":68},[50,86005,98],{"class":64},[50,86007,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86009,366],{"class":151},[50,86011,155],{"class":64},[50,86013,85328],{"class":151},[50,86015,155],{"class":64},[50,86017,4832],{"class":158},[50,86019,1077],{"class":64},[20,86021,189],{},[41,86023,86025],{"className":43,"code":86024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\n",[15,86026,86027],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86028,86029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86030,86024],{"class":56},[20,86032,86033],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,86035,86036,86037,838],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[335,86038,86039,6497],{"href":75194},[15,86040,75097],{},[36,86042,2447,86044,86046],{"id":86043},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,86045,84903],{}," with a key function",[20,86048,2704,86049,86051],{},[15,86050,15543],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,86053,12161],{},[233,86055,86056,86061,86066],{},[236,86057,86058,86060],{},[15,86059,15543],{}," changes the comparison rule",[236,86062,86063,86065],{},[15,86064,84903],{}," still returns the original item",[236,86067,86068],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1112,86070,86072],{"id":86071},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[41,86074,86076],{"className":43,"code":86075,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86077,86078,86111],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86079,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86107,86109],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86081,4788],{"class":56},[50,86083,61],{"class":60},[50,86085,65],{"class":64},[50,86087,69],{"class":68},[50,86089,69004],{"class":72},[50,86091,69],{"class":68},[50,86093,78],{"class":64},[50,86095,81],{"class":68},[50,86097,37724],{"class":72},[50,86099,69],{"class":68},[50,86101,78],{"class":64},[50,86103,81],{"class":68},[50,86105,86106],{"class":72},"giraffe",[50,86108,69],{"class":68},[50,86110,98],{"class":64},[50,86112,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86114,366],{"class":151},[50,86116,155],{"class":64},[50,86118,85328],{"class":151},[50,86120,155],{"class":64},[50,86122,4832],{"class":158},[50,86124,78],{"class":64},[50,86126,22278],{"class":9886},[50,86128,61],{"class":60},[50,86130,1060],{"class":151},[50,86132,1077],{"class":64},[20,86134,189],{},[41,86136,86138],{"className":43,"code":86137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat\n",[15,86139,86140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86141,86142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86143,86137],{"class":56},[1112,86145,86147],{"id":86146},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[41,86149,86151],{"className":43,"code":86150,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,86152,86153,86163,86197,86229,86261,86265,86269,86308],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86154,86155,86158,86160],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86156,86157],{"class":56},"students ",[50,86159,61],{"class":60},[50,86161,86162],{"class":64}," [\n",[50,86164,86165,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86166,86167],{"class":64},"    {",[50,86169,69],{"class":68},[50,86171,178],{"class":72},[50,86173,69],{"class":68},[50,86175,1408],{"class":64},[50,86177,81],{"class":68},[50,86179,73],{"class":72},[50,86181,69],{"class":68},[50,86183,78],{"class":64},[50,86185,81],{"class":68},[50,86187,771],{"class":72},[50,86189,69],{"class":68},[50,86191,1408],{"class":64},[50,86193,117],{"class":111},[50,86195,86196],{"class":64},"},\n",[50,86198,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,86200,86167],{"class":64},[50,86202,69],{"class":68},[50,86204,178],{"class":72},[50,86206,69],{"class":68},[50,86208,1408],{"class":64},[50,86210,81],{"class":68},[50,86212,84],{"class":72},[50,86214,69],{"class":68},[50,86216,78],{"class":64},[50,86218,81],{"class":68},[50,86220,771],{"class":72},[50,86222,69],{"class":68},[50,86224,1408],{"class":64},[50,86226,85789],{"class":111},[50,86228,86196],{"class":64},[50,86230,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,86232,86167],{"class":64},[50,86234,69],{"class":68},[50,86236,178],{"class":72},[50,86238,69],{"class":68},[50,86240,1408],{"class":64},[50,86242,81],{"class":68},[50,86244,93],{"class":72},[50,86246,69],{"class":68},[50,86248,78],{"class":64},[50,86250,81],{"class":68},[50,86252,771],{"class":72},[50,86254,69],{"class":68},[50,86256,1408],{"class":64},[50,86258,597],{"class":111},[50,86260,1445],{"class":64},[50,86262,86263],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,86264,98],{"class":64},[50,86266,86267],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,86268,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,86270,86271,86274,86276,86279,86281,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,86272,86273],{"class":56},"lowest ",[50,86275,61],{"class":60},[50,86277,86278],{"class":151}," min",[50,86280,155],{"class":64},[50,86282,86283],{"class":158},"students",[50,86285,78],{"class":64},[50,86287,22278],{"class":9886},[50,86289,61],{"class":60},[50,86291,38337],{"class":752},[50,86293,13609],{"class":38340},[50,86295,1408],{"class":64},[50,86297,13609],{"class":158},[50,86299,4620],{"class":64},[50,86301,69],{"class":68},[50,86303,771],{"class":72},[50,86305,69],{"class":68},[50,86307,2210],{"class":64},[50,86309,86310,86312,86314,86317],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,86311,366],{"class":151},[50,86313,155],{"class":64},[50,86315,86316],{"class":158},"lowest",[50,86318,186],{"class":64},[20,86320,189],{},[41,86322,86324],{"className":43,"code":86323,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86325,86326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86327,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86329,758],{"class":64},[50,86331,413],{"class":68},[50,86333,178],{"class":72},[50,86335,413],{"class":68},[50,86337,1408],{"class":64},[50,86339,408],{"class":68},[50,86341,84],{"class":72},[50,86343,413],{"class":68},[50,86345,78],{"class":64},[50,86347,408],{"class":68},[50,86349,771],{"class":72},[50,86351,413],{"class":68},[50,86353,1408],{"class":64},[50,86355,85789],{"class":111},[50,86357,1445],{"class":64},[20,86359,86360,86361,86364],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86362,86363],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[36,86366,2447,86368,86370],{"id":86367},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86369,83605],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86372,86373],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[41,86375,86377],{"className":43,"code":86376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86378,86379,86387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86380,86381,86383,86385],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86382,302],{"class":56},[50,86384,61],{"class":60},[50,86386,8551],{"class":64},[50,86388,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86390,366],{"class":151},[50,86392,155],{"class":64},[50,86394,85328],{"class":151},[50,86396,155],{"class":64},[50,86398,381],{"class":158},[50,86400,1077],{"class":64},[20,86402,189],{},[41,86404,86406],{"className":43,"code":86405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86407,86408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86409,86410,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420,86422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86411,41381],{"class":371},[50,86413,1408],{"class":64},[50,86415,86278],{"class":151},[50,86417,8079],{"class":64},[50,86419,84574],{"class":56},[50,86421,12898],{"class":60},[50,86423,84579],{"class":56},[20,86425,86426,86427,1408],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86428,83605],{},[41,86430,86432],{"className":43,"code":86431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86433,86434,86442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86435,86436,86438,86440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86437,302],{"class":56},[50,86439,61],{"class":60},[50,86441,8551],{"class":64},[50,86443,86444,86446,86448,86450,86452,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86445,366],{"class":151},[50,86447,155],{"class":64},[50,86449,85328],{"class":151},[50,86451,155],{"class":64},[50,86453,381],{"class":158},[50,86455,78],{"class":64},[50,86457,27214],{"class":9886},[50,86459,61],{"class":60},[50,86461,4501],{"class":1806},[50,86463,1077],{"class":64},[20,86465,189],{},[41,86467,86468],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86469,86470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86471,86472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86473,12512],{"class":1806},[20,86475,86476],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86478,86479],{},"Remember:",[233,86481,86482,86490],{},[236,86483,86484,86486,86487,86489],{},[15,86485,83605],{}," works only when ",[15,86488,84903],{}," gets one iterable argument",[236,86491,86492,86493],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86494,86495],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86497,86498,86499,838],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[335,86500,66517],{"href":73551},[36,86502,11446],{"id":11445},[20,86504,57454,86505,838],{},[15,86506,84903],{},[1112,86508,86510,86511],{"id":86509},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86512,83605],{},[20,86514,3724,86515,1408],{},[15,86516,41381],{},[41,86518,86520],{"className":43,"code":86519,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86521,86522,86530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86523,86524,86526,86528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86525,8493],{"class":56},[50,86527,61],{"class":60},[50,86529,8551],{"class":64},[50,86531,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86533,366],{"class":151},[50,86535,155],{"class":64},[50,86537,85328],{"class":151},[50,86539,155],{"class":64},[50,86541,8522],{"class":158},[50,86543,1077],{"class":64},[20,86545,86546],{},"Fix it by:",[233,86548,86549,86552],{},[236,86550,86551],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[236,86553,86554,86555],{},"or using ",[15,86556,83605],{},[41,86558,86560],{"className":43,"code":86559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86561,86562,86570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86563,86564,86566,86568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86565,8493],{"class":56},[50,86567,61],{"class":60},[50,86569,8551],{"class":64},[50,86571,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86593,86595],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86573,366],{"class":151},[50,86575,155],{"class":64},[50,86577,85328],{"class":151},[50,86579,155],{"class":64},[50,86581,8522],{"class":158},[50,86583,78],{"class":64},[50,86585,27214],{"class":9886},[50,86587,61],{"class":60},[50,86589,69],{"class":68},[50,86591,86592],{"class":72},"no items",[50,86594,69],{"class":68},[50,86596,1077],{"class":64},[1112,86598,86600],{"id":86599},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86602,86603],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[41,86605,86607],{"className":43,"code":86606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86608,86609,86633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86610,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86612,1818],{"class":56},[50,86614,61],{"class":60},[50,86616,65],{"class":64},[50,86618,1868],{"class":111},[50,86620,78],{"class":64},[50,86622,81],{"class":68},[50,86624,16457],{"class":72},[50,86626,69],{"class":68},[50,86628,78],{"class":64},[50,86630,5325],{"class":111},[50,86632,98],{"class":64},[50,86634,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86636,366],{"class":151},[50,86638,155],{"class":64},[50,86640,85328],{"class":151},[50,86642,155],{"class":64},[50,86644,1845],{"class":158},[50,86646,1077],{"class":64},[20,86648,189],{},[41,86650,86652],{"className":43,"code":86651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError\n",[15,86653,86654],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86655,86656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86657,86651],{"class":371},[20,86659,86660],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86662,86663,86664,838],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86665,84903],{},[41,86667,86669],{"className":43,"code":86668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86670,86671,86695,86721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86672,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86674,1818],{"class":56},[50,86676,61],{"class":60},[50,86678,65],{"class":64},[50,86680,1868],{"class":111},[50,86682,78],{"class":64},[50,86684,81],{"class":68},[50,86686,16457],{"class":72},[50,86688,69],{"class":68},[50,86690,78],{"class":64},[50,86692,5325],{"class":111},[50,86694,98],{"class":64},[50,86696,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86698,302],{"class":56},[50,86700,61],{"class":60},[50,86702,65],{"class":64},[50,86704,2911],{"class":371},[50,86706,155],{"class":64},[50,86708,2896],{"class":158},[50,86710,4382],{"class":64},[50,86712,4599],{"class":137},[50,86714,4602],{"class":56},[50,86716,148],{"class":137},[50,86718,15268],{"class":56},[50,86720,98],{"class":64},[50,86722,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,86724,366],{"class":151},[50,86726,155],{"class":64},[50,86728,85328],{"class":151},[50,86730,155],{"class":64},[50,86732,381],{"class":158},[50,86734,1077],{"class":64},[20,86736,189],{},[41,86738,86739],{"className":43,"code":3670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86740,86741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86742,86743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86744,3670],{"class":111},[20,86746,86747,86748,838],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86749,3727],{},[1112,86751,86753],{"id":86752},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86755,86756],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[41,86758,86760],{"className":43,"code":86759,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86761,86762,86794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86763,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86765,4788],{"class":56},[50,86767,61],{"class":60},[50,86769,65],{"class":64},[50,86771,69],{"class":68},[50,86773,80233],{"class":72},[50,86775,69],{"class":68},[50,86777,78],{"class":64},[50,86779,81],{"class":68},[50,86781,58446],{"class":72},[50,86783,69],{"class":68},[50,86785,78],{"class":64},[50,86787,81],{"class":68},[50,86789,80250],{"class":72},[50,86791,69],{"class":68},[50,86793,98],{"class":64},[50,86795,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86797,366],{"class":151},[50,86799,155],{"class":64},[50,86801,85328],{"class":151},[50,86803,155],{"class":64},[50,86805,4832],{"class":158},[50,86807,1077],{"class":64},[20,86809,189],{},[41,86811,86812],{"className":43,"code":86024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86813,86814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86815,86816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86817,86024],{"class":56},[20,86819,86820],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[41,86822,86824],{"className":43,"code":86823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86825,86826,86858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86827,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86829,4788],{"class":56},[50,86831,61],{"class":60},[50,86833,65],{"class":64},[50,86835,69],{"class":68},[50,86837,80233],{"class":72},[50,86839,69],{"class":68},[50,86841,78],{"class":64},[50,86843,81],{"class":68},[50,86845,58446],{"class":72},[50,86847,69],{"class":68},[50,86849,78],{"class":64},[50,86851,81],{"class":68},[50,86853,80250],{"class":72},[50,86855,69],{"class":68},[50,86857,98],{"class":64},[50,86859,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86861,366],{"class":151},[50,86863,155],{"class":64},[50,86865,85328],{"class":151},[50,86867,155],{"class":64},[50,86869,4832],{"class":158},[50,86871,78],{"class":64},[50,86873,22278],{"class":9886},[50,86875,61],{"class":60},[50,86877,4167],{"class":371},[50,86879,838],{"class":64},[50,86881,9351],{"class":25443},[50,86883,1077],{"class":64},[20,86885,189],{},[41,86887,86888],{"className":43,"code":86024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86889,86890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86891,86892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86893,86024],{"class":56},[20,86895,86896],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[36,86898,5681,86900],{"id":86899},"when-to-use-min",[15,86901,84903],{},[20,86903,221,86904,11302],{},[15,86905,84903],{},[233,86907,86908,86911,86916],{},[236,86909,86910],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[236,86912,86913,86914],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86915,15543],{},[236,86917,86918],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86920,221,86921,86925],{},[335,86922,86923],{"href":75194},[15,86924,75097],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86927,221,86928,86933],{},[335,86929,86931],{"href":86930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86932,83250],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[36,86935,3553],{"id":3552},[20,86937,84908],{},[233,86939,86940,86948,86951,86956,86963],{},[236,86941,86942,86943,86945,86946],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86944,84903],{}," without using ",[15,86947,83605],{},[236,86949,86950],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[236,86952,2120,86953,86955],{},[15,86954,84903],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[236,86957,5424,86958,86960,86961,86065],{},[15,86959,15543],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86962,84903],{},[236,86964,2447,86965,86967],{},[15,86966,83605],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86969,86970,86971,86973],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86972,84903],{},", these quick checks can help:",[41,86975,86977],{"className":43,"code":86976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86978,86979,86993,87003,87017,87031,87053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86980,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86982,366],{"class":151},[50,86984,155],{"class":64},[50,86986,3945],{"class":371},[50,86988,155],{"class":64},[50,86990,1845],{"class":158},[50,86992,1077],{"class":64},[50,86994,86995,86997,86999,87001],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,86996,366],{"class":151},[50,86998,155],{"class":64},[50,87000,1845],{"class":158},[50,87002,186],{"class":64},[50,87004,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87006,366],{"class":151},[50,87008,155],{"class":64},[50,87010,1060],{"class":151},[50,87012,155],{"class":64},[50,87014,1845],{"class":158},[50,87016,1077],{"class":64},[50,87018,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,87020,366],{"class":151},[50,87022,155],{"class":64},[50,87024,85328],{"class":151},[50,87026,155],{"class":64},[50,87028,1845],{"class":158},[50,87030,1077],{"class":64},[50,87032,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,87034,366],{"class":151},[50,87036,155],{"class":64},[50,87038,85328],{"class":151},[50,87040,155],{"class":64},[50,87042,1845],{"class":158},[50,87044,78],{"class":64},[50,87046,27214],{"class":9886},[50,87048,61],{"class":60},[50,87050,4501],{"class":1806},[50,87052,1077],{"class":64},[50,87054,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,87056,366],{"class":151},[50,87058,155],{"class":64},[50,87060,85328],{"class":151},[50,87062,155],{"class":64},[50,87064,4832],{"class":158},[50,87066,78],{"class":64},[50,87068,22278],{"class":9886},[50,87070,61],{"class":60},[50,87072,1060],{"class":151},[50,87074,1077],{"class":64},[20,87076,87077,87078,87081,87082,87084],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,87079,87080],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,87083,1845],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[36,87086,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,87088,2559,87090,2562],{"id":87089},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,87091,84903],{},[20,87093,87094],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1112,87096,5883,87098,85084],{"id":87097},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,87099,84903],{},[20,87101,87102],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1112,87104,72319],{"id":72318},[20,87106,87107,53172,87109,85096,87111,37298],{},[15,87108,84903],{},[15,87110,41381],{},[15,87112,83605],{},[1112,87114,2559,87116,87118,87119,2582],{"id":87115},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,87117,15543],{}," do in ",[15,87120,84903],{},[20,87122,87123,87125,87126,87128],{},[15,87124,15543],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,87127,84157],{}," compares strings by length.",[1112,87130,5893,87132,827,87134,2582],{"id":87131},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,87133,84903],{},[15,87135,75097],{},[20,87137,87138,87140,87141,87143],{},[15,87139,84903],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,87142,75097],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[36,87145,2610],{"id":2609},[233,87147,87148,87154,87160,87166,87170,87174],{},[236,87149,87150],{},[335,87151,87152,2551],{"href":86930},[15,87153,83250],{},[236,87155,87156],{},[335,87157,87158,2551],{"href":75194},[15,87159,75097],{},[236,87161,87162],{},[335,87163,87164,2551],{"href":43034},[15,87165,43037],{},[236,87167,87168],{},[335,87169,80546],{"href":79049},[236,87171,87172],{},[335,87173,59634],{"href":59633},[236,87175,87176],{},[335,87177,66517],{"href":73551},[2640,87179,87180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":87182},[87183,87184,87186,87192,87194,87196,87201,87203,87209,87211,87212,87223],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":85387,"depth":101,"text":87185},"What min() does",{"id":85408,"depth":101,"text":85409,"children":87187},[87188,87189,87190,87191],{"id":85493,"depth":127,"text":85496},{"id":85555,"depth":127,"text":85558},{"id":85605,"depth":127,"text":85608},{"id":85699,"depth":127,"text":85702},{"id":85761,"depth":101,"text":87193},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85896,"depth":101,"text":87195},"Using min() with strings",{"id":86043,"depth":101,"text":87197,"children":87198},"Using min() with a key function",[87199,87200],{"id":86071,"depth":127,"text":86072},{"id":86146,"depth":127,"text":86147},{"id":86367,"depth":101,"text":87202},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11445,"depth":101,"text":11446,"children":87204},[87205,87207,87208],{"id":86509,"depth":127,"text":87206},"Empty list without default",{"id":86599,"depth":127,"text":86600},{"id":86752,"depth":127,"text":86753},{"id":86899,"depth":101,"text":87210},"When to use min()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":87213},[87214,87216,87218,87219,87221],{"id":87089,"depth":127,"text":87215},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":87097,"depth":127,"text":87217},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72318,"depth":127,"text":72319},{"id":87115,"depth":127,"text":87220},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87131,"depth":127,"text":87222},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85270,"description":87224},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87231,"title":87232,"body":87233,"description":89412,"extension":2687,"meta":89413,"navigation":130,"path":89414,"seo":89415,"stem":89416,"__hash__":89417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87234,"toc":89376},[87235,87238,87244,87250,87252,87333,87342,87346,87351,87353,87398,87400,87480,87486,87488,87491,87523,87525,87543,87545,87618,87620,87639,87643,87646,87682,87684,87751,87825,87898,87903,87907,87913,87916,87933,87936,87938,87999,88001,88021,88027,88031,88034,88104,88107,88126,88131,88207,88210,88214,88220,88224,88229,88299,88303,88308,88382,88386,88389,88464,88475,88479,88484,88574,88579,88647,88650,88669,88680,88684,88687,88692,88695,88757,88760,88771,88776,88779,88782,88787,88790,88793,88797,88800,88806,88809,88820,88822,88884,88899,88905,88908,88911,88922,88933,88939,88942,88944,89006,89016,89022,89027,89033,89037,89043,89046,89067,89069,89074,89101,89104,89131,89134,89173,89176,89214,89217,89278,89281,89283,89287,89290,89294,89300,89308,89316,89320,89323,89327,89333,89335,89373],[10,87236,87232],{"id":87237},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87239,87240,87243],{},[15,87241,87242],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87245,87246,87247,87249],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87248,87242],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[36,87251,39],{"id":38},[41,87253,87255],{"className":43,"code":87254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87256,87257,87306,87322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87258,87259,87262,87265,87267,87269,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87287,87289,87291,87294,87296,87298,87300,87304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87260,87261],{"class":137},"with",[50,87263,87264],{"class":151}," open",[50,87266,155],{"class":64},[50,87268,69],{"class":68},[50,87270,87271],{"class":72},"example.txt",[50,87273,69],{"class":68},[50,87275,78],{"class":64},[50,87277,81],{"class":68},[50,87279,61184],{"class":72},[50,87281,69],{"class":68},[50,87283,78],{"class":64},[50,87285,87286],{"class":9886}," encoding",[50,87288,61],{"class":60},[50,87290,69],{"class":68},[50,87292,87293],{"class":72},"utf-8",[50,87295,69],{"class":68},[50,87297,4382],{"class":64},[50,87299,48033],{"class":137},[50,87301,87303],{"class":87302},"sMMDD"," file",[50,87305,2229],{"class":64},[50,87307,87308,87311,87313,87315,87317,87320],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87309,87310],{"class":56},"    content ",[50,87312,61],{"class":60},[50,87314,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87316,838],{"class":64},[50,87318,87319],{"class":158},"read",[50,87321,9354],{"class":64},[50,87323,87324,87326,87328,87331],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87325,173],{"class":151},[50,87327,155],{"class":64},[50,87329,87330],{"class":158},"content",[50,87332,186],{"class":64},[20,87334,221,87335,87337,87338,87341],{},[15,87336,87261],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87339,87340],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[36,87343,87345],{"id":87344},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87347,87348,87350],{},[15,87349,87242],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87352,12161],{},[233,87354,87355,87358,87363,87368],{},[236,87356,87357],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[236,87359,41583,87360,87362],{},[4465,87361,5351],{}," read or write anything by itself",[236,87364,18120,87365],{},[4465,87366,87367],{},"file object",[236,87369,87370,87371],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[233,87372,87373,87378,87383,87388,87393],{},[236,87374,87375],{},[15,87376,87377],{},"read()",[236,87379,87380],{},[15,87381,87382],{},"readline()",[236,87384,87385],{},[15,87386,87387],{},"readlines()",[236,87389,87390],{},[15,87391,87392],{},"write()",[236,87394,87395],{},[15,87396,87397],{},"close()",[20,87399,2931],{},[41,87401,87403],{"className":43,"code":87402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87404,87405,87444,87459,87469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87406,87407,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87408,87409],{"class":87302},"file",[50,87411,13979],{"class":60},[50,87413,87264],{"class":151},[50,87415,155],{"class":64},[50,87417,69],{"class":68},[50,87419,87271],{"class":72},[50,87421,69],{"class":68},[50,87423,78],{"class":64},[50,87425,81],{"class":68},[50,87427,61184],{"class":72},[50,87429,69],{"class":68},[50,87431,78],{"class":64},[50,87433,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87435,61],{"class":60},[50,87437,69],{"class":68},[50,87439,87293],{"class":72},[50,87441,69],{"class":68},[50,87443,186],{"class":64},[50,87445,87446,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87447,87448],{"class":56},"content ",[50,87450,61],{"class":60},[50,87452,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87454,838],{"class":64},[50,87456,87319],{"class":158},[50,87458,9354],{"class":64},[50,87460,87461,87463,87465,87467],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87462,366],{"class":151},[50,87464,155],{"class":64},[50,87466,87330],{"class":158},[50,87468,186],{"class":64},[50,87470,87471,87473,87475,87478],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,87472,87409],{"class":87302},[50,87474,838],{"class":64},[50,87476,87477],{"class":158},"close",[50,87479,9354],{"class":64},[20,87481,87482,87483,87485],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87484,87261],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[36,87487,256],{"id":255},[20,87489,87490],{},"A common form is:",[41,87492,87494],{"className":43,"code":87493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87495,87496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87497,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87499,43103],{"class":151},[50,87501,155],{"class":64},[50,87503,87409],{"class":87302},[50,87505,78],{"class":64},[50,87507,87508],{"class":158}," mode",[50,87510,78],{"class":64},[50,87512,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87514,61],{"class":60},[50,87516,69],{"class":68},[50,87518,87293],{"class":72},[50,87520,69],{"class":68},[50,87522,186],{"class":64},[20,87524,65723],{},[233,87526,87527,87532,87537],{},[236,87528,87529,87531],{},[15,87530,87409],{}," is the file name or file path",[236,87533,87534,87536],{},[15,87535,21617],{}," controls how the file is opened",[236,87538,87539,87542],{},[15,87540,87541],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87544,2931],{},[41,87546,87548],{"className":43,"code":87547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87549,87550,87593,87608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87551,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87553,87261],{"class":137},[50,87555,87264],{"class":151},[50,87557,155],{"class":64},[50,87559,69],{"class":68},[50,87561,87562],{"class":72},"notes.txt",[50,87564,69],{"class":68},[50,87566,78],{"class":64},[50,87568,81],{"class":68},[50,87570,61184],{"class":72},[50,87572,69],{"class":68},[50,87574,78],{"class":64},[50,87576,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87578,61],{"class":60},[50,87580,69],{"class":68},[50,87582,87293],{"class":72},[50,87584,69],{"class":68},[50,87586,4382],{"class":64},[50,87588,48033],{"class":137},[50,87590,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87592,2229],{"class":64},[50,87594,87595,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87596,87597],{"class":56},"    text ",[50,87599,61],{"class":60},[50,87601,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87603,838],{"class":64},[50,87605,87319],{"class":158},[50,87607,9354],{"class":64},[50,87609,87610,87612,87614,87616],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87611,173],{"class":151},[50,87613,155],{"class":64},[50,87615,35393],{"class":158},[50,87617,186],{"class":64},[20,87619,20655],{},[233,87621,87622,87628,87633],{},[236,87623,87624,87627],{},[15,87625,87626],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[236,87629,87630,87632],{},[15,87631,87340],{}," means open for reading",[236,87634,87635,87638],{},[15,87636,87637],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[36,87640,87642],{"id":87641},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87644,87645],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[233,87647,87648,87653,87659,87664,87670,87676],{},[236,87649,87650,87652],{},[15,87651,87340],{}," = read a text file",[236,87654,87655,87658],{},[15,87656,87657],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[236,87660,87661,87663],{},[15,87662,18794],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[236,87665,87666,87669],{},[15,87667,87668],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[236,87671,87672,87675],{},[15,87673,87674],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[236,87677,87678,87681],{},[15,87679,87680],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87683,2848],{},[41,87685,87687],{"className":43,"code":87686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87688,87689,87694,87737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87690,87691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87692,87693],{"class":4385},"# Read a text file\n",[50,87695,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87697,87261],{"class":137},[50,87699,87264],{"class":151},[50,87701,155],{"class":64},[50,87703,69],{"class":68},[50,87705,87706],{"class":72},"data.txt",[50,87708,69],{"class":68},[50,87710,78],{"class":64},[50,87712,81],{"class":68},[50,87714,61184],{"class":72},[50,87716,69],{"class":68},[50,87718,78],{"class":64},[50,87720,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87722,61],{"class":60},[50,87724,69],{"class":68},[50,87726,87293],{"class":72},[50,87728,69],{"class":68},[50,87730,4382],{"class":64},[50,87732,48033],{"class":137},[50,87734,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87736,2229],{"class":64},[50,87738,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87740,173],{"class":151},[50,87742,155],{"class":64},[50,87744,87409],{"class":87302},[50,87746,838],{"class":64},[50,87748,87319],{"class":158},[50,87750,7908],{"class":64},[41,87752,87754],{"className":43,"code":87753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87755,87756,87761,87803],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87757,87758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87759,87760],{"class":4385},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[50,87762,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87764,87261],{"class":137},[50,87766,87264],{"class":151},[50,87768,155],{"class":64},[50,87770,69],{"class":68},[50,87772,87706],{"class":72},[50,87774,69],{"class":68},[50,87776,78],{"class":64},[50,87778,81],{"class":68},[50,87780,61167],{"class":72},[50,87782,69],{"class":68},[50,87784,78],{"class":64},[50,87786,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87788,61],{"class":60},[50,87790,69],{"class":68},[50,87792,87293],{"class":72},[50,87794,69],{"class":68},[50,87796,4382],{"class":64},[50,87798,48033],{"class":137},[50,87800,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87802,2229],{"class":64},[50,87804,87805,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87821,87823],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87806,87807],{"class":87302},"    file",[50,87809,838],{"class":64},[50,87811,70868],{"class":158},[50,87813,155],{"class":64},[50,87815,69],{"class":68},[50,87817,35552],{"class":72},[50,87819,87820],{"class":35138},"\\n",[50,87822,69],{"class":68},[50,87824,186],{"class":64},[41,87826,87828],{"className":43,"code":87827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87829,87830,87835,87877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87831,87832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87833,87834],{"class":4385},"# Append to a text file\n",[50,87836,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87838,87261],{"class":137},[50,87840,87264],{"class":151},[50,87842,155],{"class":64},[50,87844,69],{"class":68},[50,87846,87706],{"class":72},[50,87848,69],{"class":68},[50,87850,78],{"class":64},[50,87852,81],{"class":68},[50,87854,335],{"class":72},[50,87856,69],{"class":68},[50,87858,78],{"class":64},[50,87860,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87862,61],{"class":60},[50,87864,69],{"class":68},[50,87866,87293],{"class":72},[50,87868,69],{"class":68},[50,87870,4382],{"class":64},[50,87872,48033],{"class":137},[50,87874,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87876,2229],{"class":64},[50,87878,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87892,87894,87896],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,87880,87807],{"class":87302},[50,87882,838],{"class":64},[50,87884,70868],{"class":158},[50,87886,155],{"class":64},[50,87888,69],{"class":68},[50,87890,87891],{"class":72},"Another line",[50,87893,87820],{"class":35138},[50,87895,69],{"class":68},[50,87897,186],{"class":64},[20,87899,70024,87900,87902],{},[15,87901,87657],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[36,87904,87906],{"id":87905},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87908,87909,22673,87911,838],{},[15,87910,87242],{},[4465,87912,87367],{},[20,87914,87915],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[233,87917,87918,87923,87928],{},[236,87919,87920],{},[15,87921,87922],{},"file.read()",[236,87924,87925],{},[15,87926,87927],{},"file.write()",[236,87929,87930],{},[15,87931,87932],{},"file.close()",[20,87934,87935],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87937,2931],{},[41,87939,87941],{"className":43,"code":87940,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87942,87943,87985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87944,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87946,87261],{"class":137},[50,87948,87264],{"class":151},[50,87950,155],{"class":64},[50,87952,69],{"class":68},[50,87954,87271],{"class":72},[50,87956,69],{"class":68},[50,87958,78],{"class":64},[50,87960,81],{"class":68},[50,87962,61184],{"class":72},[50,87964,69],{"class":68},[50,87966,78],{"class":64},[50,87968,87286],{"class":9886},[50,87970,61],{"class":60},[50,87972,69],{"class":68},[50,87974,87293],{"class":72},[50,87976,69],{"class":68},[50,87978,4382],{"class":64},[50,87980,48033],{"class":137},[50,87982,87303],{"class":87302},[50,87984,2229],{"class":64},[50,87986,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,87988,173],{"class":151},[50,87990,155],{"class":64},[50,87992,3945],{"class":371},[50,87994,155],{"class":64},[50,87996,87409],{"class":87302},[50,87998,1077],{"class":64},[20,88000,30719],{},[41,88002,88004],{"className":43,"code":88003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,88005,88006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88007,88008,88010,88012,88014,88017,88019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88009,4014],{"class":60},[50,88011,4017],{"class":752},[50,88013,408],{"class":68},[50,88015,88016],{"class":72},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[50,88018,413],{"class":68},[50,88020,4026],{"class":60},[20,88022,88023,88024,88026],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,88025,87242],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[36,88028,88030],{"id":88029},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,88032,88033],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[41,88035,88036],{"className":43,"code":87254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,88037,88038,88080,88094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88039,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88041,87261],{"class":137},[50,88043,87264],{"class":151},[50,88045,155],{"class":64},[50,88047,69],{"class":68},[50,88049,87271],{"class":72},[50,88051,69],{"class":68},[50,88053,78],{"class":64},[50,88055,81],{"class":68},[50,88057,61184],{"class":72},[50,88059,69],{"class":68},[50,88061,78],{"class":64},[50,88063,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88065,61],{"class":60},[50,88067,69],{"class":68},[50,88069,87293],{"class":72},[50,88071,69],{"class":68},[50,88073,4382],{"class":64},[50,88075,48033],{"class":137},[50,88077,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88079,2229],{"class":64},[50,88081,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88083,87310],{"class":56},[50,88085,61],{"class":60},[50,88087,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88089,838],{"class":64},[50,88091,87319],{"class":158},[50,88093,9354],{"class":64},[50,88095,88096,88098,88100,88102],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88097,173],{"class":151},[50,88099,155],{"class":64},[50,88101,87330],{"class":158},[50,88103,186],{"class":64},[20,88105,88106],{},"Why this is recommended:",[233,88108,88109,88114,88120,88123],{},[236,88110,88111,88113],{},[15,88112,87261],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[236,88115,88116,88117,88119],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,88118,87397],{}," yourself",[236,88121,88122],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[236,88124,88125],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,88127,84420,88128,88130],{},[15,88129,87261],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[41,88132,88133],{"className":43,"code":87402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,88134,88135,88173,88187,88197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88136,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88138,87409],{"class":87302},[50,88140,13979],{"class":60},[50,88142,87264],{"class":151},[50,88144,155],{"class":64},[50,88146,69],{"class":68},[50,88148,87271],{"class":72},[50,88150,69],{"class":68},[50,88152,78],{"class":64},[50,88154,81],{"class":68},[50,88156,61184],{"class":72},[50,88158,69],{"class":68},[50,88160,78],{"class":64},[50,88162,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88164,61],{"class":60},[50,88166,69],{"class":68},[50,88168,87293],{"class":72},[50,88170,69],{"class":68},[50,88172,186],{"class":64},[50,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88176,87448],{"class":56},[50,88178,61],{"class":60},[50,88180,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88182,838],{"class":64},[50,88184,87319],{"class":158},[50,88186,9354],{"class":64},[50,88188,88189,88191,88193,88195],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88190,366],{"class":151},[50,88192,155],{"class":64},[50,88194,87330],{"class":158},[50,88196,186],{"class":64},[50,88198,88199,88201,88203,88205],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,88200,87409],{"class":87302},[50,88202,838],{"class":64},[50,88204,87477],{"class":158},[50,88206,9354],{"class":64},[20,88208,88209],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[36,88211,88213],{"id":88212},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88215,88216,88217,88219],{},"Use mode ",[15,88218,87340],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1112,88221,88223],{"id":88222},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88225,88226,88228],{},[15,88227,87377],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[41,88230,88231],{"className":43,"code":87254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,88232,88233,88275,88289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88234,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88236,87261],{"class":137},[50,88238,87264],{"class":151},[50,88240,155],{"class":64},[50,88242,69],{"class":68},[50,88244,87271],{"class":72},[50,88246,69],{"class":68},[50,88248,78],{"class":64},[50,88250,81],{"class":68},[50,88252,61184],{"class":72},[50,88254,69],{"class":68},[50,88256,78],{"class":64},[50,88258,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88260,61],{"class":60},[50,88262,69],{"class":68},[50,88264,87293],{"class":72},[50,88266,69],{"class":68},[50,88268,4382],{"class":64},[50,88270,48033],{"class":137},[50,88272,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88274,2229],{"class":64},[50,88276,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88278,87310],{"class":56},[50,88280,61],{"class":60},[50,88282,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88284,838],{"class":64},[50,88286,87319],{"class":158},[50,88288,9354],{"class":64},[50,88290,88291,88293,88295,88297],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88292,173],{"class":151},[50,88294,155],{"class":64},[50,88296,87330],{"class":158},[50,88298,186],{"class":64},[1112,88300,88302],{"id":88301},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88304,88305,88307],{},[15,88306,87382],{}," reads one line at a time.",[41,88309,88311],{"className":43,"code":88310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88312,88313,88355,88371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88314,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88316,87261],{"class":137},[50,88318,87264],{"class":151},[50,88320,155],{"class":64},[50,88322,69],{"class":68},[50,88324,87271],{"class":72},[50,88326,69],{"class":68},[50,88328,78],{"class":64},[50,88330,81],{"class":68},[50,88332,61184],{"class":72},[50,88334,69],{"class":68},[50,88336,78],{"class":64},[50,88338,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88340,61],{"class":60},[50,88342,69],{"class":68},[50,88344,87293],{"class":72},[50,88346,69],{"class":68},[50,88348,4382],{"class":64},[50,88350,48033],{"class":137},[50,88352,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88354,2229],{"class":64},[50,88356,88357,88360,88362,88364,88366,88369],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88358,88359],{"class":56},"    first_line ",[50,88361,61],{"class":60},[50,88363,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88365,838],{"class":64},[50,88367,88368],{"class":158},"readline",[50,88370,9354],{"class":64},[50,88372,88373,88375,88377,88380],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88374,173],{"class":151},[50,88376,155],{"class":64},[50,88378,88379],{"class":158},"first_line",[50,88381,186],{"class":64},[1112,88383,88385],{"id":88384},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88387,88388],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[41,88390,88392],{"className":43,"code":88391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88393,88394,88436,88450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88395,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88397,87261],{"class":137},[50,88399,87264],{"class":151},[50,88401,155],{"class":64},[50,88403,69],{"class":68},[50,88405,87271],{"class":72},[50,88407,69],{"class":68},[50,88409,78],{"class":64},[50,88411,81],{"class":68},[50,88413,61184],{"class":72},[50,88415,69],{"class":68},[50,88417,78],{"class":64},[50,88419,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88421,61],{"class":60},[50,88423,69],{"class":68},[50,88425,87293],{"class":72},[50,88427,69],{"class":68},[50,88429,4382],{"class":64},[50,88431,48033],{"class":137},[50,88433,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88435,2229],{"class":64},[50,88437,88438,88441,88444,88446,88448],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88439,88440],{"class":137},"    for",[50,88442,88443],{"class":56}," line ",[50,88445,148],{"class":137},[50,88447,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88449,2229],{"class":64},[50,88451,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88453,48013],{"class":151},[50,88455,155],{"class":64},[50,88457,52],{"class":158},[50,88459,838],{"class":64},[50,88461,9345],{"class":158},[50,88463,7908],{"class":64},[20,88465,88466,88467,3602,88471,838],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[335,88468,88470],{"href":88469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[335,88472,88474],{"href":88473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[36,88476,88478],{"id":88477},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88480,221,88481,88483],{},[15,88482,87657],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[41,88485,88487],{"className":43,"code":88486,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88488,88489,88532,88553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88490,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88492,87261],{"class":137},[50,88494,87264],{"class":151},[50,88496,155],{"class":64},[50,88498,69],{"class":68},[50,88500,88501],{"class":72},"output.txt",[50,88503,69],{"class":68},[50,88505,78],{"class":64},[50,88507,81],{"class":68},[50,88509,61167],{"class":72},[50,88511,69],{"class":68},[50,88513,78],{"class":64},[50,88515,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88517,61],{"class":60},[50,88519,69],{"class":68},[50,88521,87293],{"class":72},[50,88523,69],{"class":68},[50,88525,4382],{"class":64},[50,88527,48033],{"class":137},[50,88529,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88531,2229],{"class":64},[50,88533,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88544,88547,88549,88551],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88535,87807],{"class":87302},[50,88537,838],{"class":64},[50,88539,70868],{"class":158},[50,88541,155],{"class":64},[50,88543,69],{"class":68},[50,88545,88546],{"class":72},"First line",[50,88548,87820],{"class":35138},[50,88550,69],{"class":68},[50,88552,186],{"class":64},[50,88554,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88568,88570,88572],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,88556,87807],{"class":87302},[50,88558,838],{"class":64},[50,88560,70868],{"class":158},[50,88562,155],{"class":64},[50,88564,69],{"class":68},[50,88566,88567],{"class":72},"Second line",[50,88569,87820],{"class":35138},[50,88571,69],{"class":68},[50,88573,186],{"class":64},[20,88575,221,88576,88578],{},[15,88577,18794],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[41,88580,88582],{"className":43,"code":88581,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88583,88584,88626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88585,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620,88622,88624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88587,87261],{"class":137},[50,88589,87264],{"class":151},[50,88591,155],{"class":64},[50,88593,69],{"class":68},[50,88595,88501],{"class":72},[50,88597,69],{"class":68},[50,88599,78],{"class":64},[50,88601,81],{"class":68},[50,88603,335],{"class":72},[50,88605,69],{"class":68},[50,88607,78],{"class":64},[50,88609,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88611,61],{"class":60},[50,88613,69],{"class":68},[50,88615,87293],{"class":72},[50,88617,69],{"class":68},[50,88619,4382],{"class":64},[50,88621,48033],{"class":137},[50,88623,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88625,2229],{"class":64},[50,88627,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638,88641,88643,88645],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88629,87807],{"class":87302},[50,88631,838],{"class":64},[50,88633,70868],{"class":158},[50,88635,155],{"class":64},[50,88637,69],{"class":68},[50,88639,88640],{"class":72},"Third line",[50,88642,87820],{"class":35138},[50,88644,69],{"class":68},[50,88646,186],{"class":64},[20,88648,88649],{},"Important detail:",[233,88651,88652,88657,88664],{},[236,88653,88654,88656],{},[15,88655,87392],{}," writes a string",[236,88658,88659,14755,88661,88663],{},[15,88660,87392],{},[4465,88662,5351],{}," add a newline for you",[236,88665,88666,88667,88119],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88668,87820],{},[20,88670,88671,88672,3602,88676,838],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[335,88673,88675],{"href":88674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[335,88677,88679],{"href":88678},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[36,88681,88683],{"id":88682},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88685,88686],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1112,88688,88690],{"id":88689},"encodingutf-8",[15,88691,87637],{},[20,88693,88694],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[41,88696,88698],{"className":43,"code":88697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88699,88700,88743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88701,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710,88713,88715,88717,88719,88721,88723,88725,88727,88729,88731,88733,88735,88737,88739,88741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88703,87261],{"class":137},[50,88705,87264],{"class":151},[50,88707,155],{"class":64},[50,88709,69],{"class":68},[50,88711,88712],{"class":72},"message.txt",[50,88714,69],{"class":68},[50,88716,78],{"class":64},[50,88718,81],{"class":68},[50,88720,61184],{"class":72},[50,88722,69],{"class":68},[50,88724,78],{"class":64},[50,88726,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88728,61],{"class":60},[50,88730,69],{"class":68},[50,88732,87293],{"class":72},[50,88734,69],{"class":68},[50,88736,4382],{"class":64},[50,88738,48033],{"class":137},[50,88740,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88742,2229],{"class":64},[50,88744,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88746,173],{"class":151},[50,88748,155],{"class":64},[50,88750,87409],{"class":87302},[50,88752,838],{"class":64},[50,88754,87319],{"class":158},[50,88756,7908],{"class":64},[20,88758,88759],{},"Why it matters:",[233,88761,88762,88765,88768],{},[236,88763,88764],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[236,88766,88767],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[236,88769,88770],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1112,88772,88774],{"id":88773},"newline",[15,88775,88773],{},[20,88777,88778],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88780,88781],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1112,88783,88785],{"id":88784},"buffering",[15,88786,88784],{},[20,88788,88789],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88791,88792],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[36,88794,88796],{"id":88795},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88798,88799],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1112,88801,88803],{"id":88802},"filenotfounderror",[15,88804,88805],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88807,88808],{},"This happens when:",[233,88810,88811,88814,88817],{},[236,88812,88813],{},"the file does not exist",[236,88815,88816],{},"the path is wrong",[236,88818,88819],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88821,2931],{},[41,88823,88825],{"className":43,"code":88824,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88826,88827,88870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88828,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837,88840,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88852,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88830,87261],{"class":137},[50,88832,87264],{"class":151},[50,88834,155],{"class":64},[50,88836,69],{"class":68},[50,88838,88839],{"class":72},"missing.txt",[50,88841,69],{"class":68},[50,88843,78],{"class":64},[50,88845,81],{"class":68},[50,88847,61184],{"class":72},[50,88849,69],{"class":68},[50,88851,78],{"class":64},[50,88853,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88855,61],{"class":60},[50,88857,69],{"class":68},[50,88859,87293],{"class":72},[50,88861,69],{"class":68},[50,88863,4382],{"class":64},[50,88865,48033],{"class":137},[50,88867,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88869,2229],{"class":64},[50,88871,88872,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88873,173],{"class":151},[50,88875,155],{"class":64},[50,88877,87409],{"class":87302},[50,88879,838],{"class":64},[50,88881,87319],{"class":158},[50,88883,7908],{"class":64},[20,88885,88886,88887,827,88895,838],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[335,88888,88890,88891,88894],{"href":88889},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[50,88892,88893],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[335,88896,88898],{"href":88897},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1112,88900,88902],{"id":88901},"permissionerror",[15,88903,88904],{},"PermissionError",[20,88906,88907],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88909,88910],{},"Example causes:",[233,88912,88913,88916,88919],{},[236,88914,88915],{},"the file is protected",[236,88917,88918],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[236,88920,88921],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88923,88924,88925],{},"Related page: ",[335,88926,88928,88929,88932],{"href":88927},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[50,88930,88931],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1112,88934,88936],{"id":88935},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88937,88938],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88940,88941],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88943,2931],{},[41,88945,88947],{"className":43,"code":88946,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88948,88949,88992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88950,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959,88962,88964,88966,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88952,87261],{"class":137},[50,88954,87264],{"class":151},[50,88956,155],{"class":64},[50,88958,69],{"class":68},[50,88960,88961],{"class":72},"my_folder",[50,88963,69],{"class":68},[50,88965,78],{"class":64},[50,88967,81],{"class":68},[50,88969,61184],{"class":72},[50,88971,69],{"class":68},[50,88973,78],{"class":64},[50,88975,87286],{"class":9886},[50,88977,61],{"class":60},[50,88979,69],{"class":68},[50,88981,87293],{"class":72},[50,88983,69],{"class":68},[50,88985,4382],{"class":64},[50,88987,48033],{"class":137},[50,88989,87303],{"class":87302},[50,88991,2229],{"class":64},[50,88993,88994,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,88995,173],{"class":151},[50,88997,155],{"class":64},[50,88999,87409],{"class":87302},[50,89001,838],{"class":64},[50,89003,87319],{"class":158},[50,89005,7908],{"class":64},[20,89007,88924,89008],{},[335,89009,89011,89012,89015],{"href":89010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[50,89013,89014],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1112,89017,89019],{"id":89018},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,89020,89021],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,89023,89024,89025,838],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,89026,87242],{},[20,89028,88924,89029],{},[335,89030,89032],{"href":89031},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[36,89034,89036],{"id":89035},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,89038,89039,89040,89042],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,89041,87242],{}," function.",[20,89044,89045],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[233,89047,89048,89051,89054,89060],{},[236,89049,89050],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[236,89052,89053],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[236,89055,89056,89057,89059],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,89058,87242],{}," itself",[236,89061,89062,89063],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[335,89064,89066],{"href":89065},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[36,89068,3553],{"id":3552},[20,89070,89071,89072,1408],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,89073,87242],{},[233,89075,89076,89081,89087,89092,89095,89098],{},[236,89077,2447,89078,89080],{},[15,89079,87340],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[236,89082,89083,89084,89086],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,89085,87541],{}," for text files",[236,89088,2447,89089,89091],{},[15,89090,87657],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[236,89093,89094],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[236,89096,89097],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[236,89099,89100],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,89102,89103],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[41,89105,89107],{"className":43,"code":89106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,89108,89109,89116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89110,89111,89113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89112,35776],{"class":137},[50,89114,89115],{"class":56}," os\n",[50,89117,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126,89129],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89119,366],{"class":151},[50,89121,155],{"class":64},[50,89123,43302],{"class":158},[50,89125,838],{"class":64},[50,89127,89128],{"class":158},"getcwd",[50,89130,7908],{"class":64},[20,89132,89133],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[41,89135,89137],{"className":43,"code":89136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89138,89139,89145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89140,89141,89143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89142,35776],{"class":137},[50,89144,89115],{"class":56},[50,89146,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89158,89160,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89148,366],{"class":151},[50,89150,155],{"class":64},[50,89152,43302],{"class":158},[50,89154,838],{"class":64},[50,89156,89157],{"class":25443},"path",[50,89159,838],{"class":64},[50,89161,89162],{"class":158},"exists",[50,89164,155],{"class":64},[50,89166,69],{"class":68},[50,89168,87271],{"class":72},[50,89170,69],{"class":68},[50,89172,1077],{"class":64},[20,89174,89175],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[41,89177,89179],{"className":43,"code":89178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89180,89181,89187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89182,89183,89185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89184,35776],{"class":137},[50,89186,89115],{"class":56},[50,89188,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89190,366],{"class":151},[50,89192,155],{"class":64},[50,89194,43302],{"class":158},[50,89196,838],{"class":64},[50,89198,89157],{"class":25443},[50,89200,838],{"class":64},[50,89202,89203],{"class":158},"isfile",[50,89205,155],{"class":64},[50,89207,69],{"class":68},[50,89209,87271],{"class":72},[50,89211,69],{"class":68},[50,89213,1077],{"class":64},[20,89215,89216],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[41,89218,89220],{"className":43,"code":89219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89221,89222,89264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89225,87261],{"class":137},[50,89227,87264],{"class":151},[50,89229,155],{"class":64},[50,89231,69],{"class":68},[50,89233,87271],{"class":72},[50,89235,69],{"class":68},[50,89237,78],{"class":64},[50,89239,81],{"class":68},[50,89241,61184],{"class":72},[50,89243,69],{"class":68},[50,89245,78],{"class":64},[50,89247,87286],{"class":9886},[50,89249,61],{"class":60},[50,89251,69],{"class":68},[50,89253,87293],{"class":72},[50,89255,69],{"class":68},[50,89257,4382],{"class":64},[50,89259,48033],{"class":137},[50,89261,87303],{"class":87302},[50,89263,2229],{"class":64},[50,89265,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89267,173],{"class":151},[50,89269,155],{"class":64},[50,89271,87409],{"class":87302},[50,89273,838],{"class":64},[50,89275,87319],{"class":158},[50,89277,7908],{"class":64},[20,89279,89280],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[36,89282,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,89284,89286],{"id":89285},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89288,89289],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1112,89291,89293],{"id":89292},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89295,89296,89297,89299],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89298,87261],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1112,89301,5893,89303,827,89305,89307],{"id":89302},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89304,87657],{},[15,89306,18794],{}," mode?",[20,89309,89310,89312,89313,89315],{},[15,89311,87657],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89314,18794],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1112,89317,89319],{"id":89318},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89321,89322],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1112,89324,89326],{"id":89325},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89328,89329,89330,89332],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89331,87637],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[36,89334,2610],{"id":2609},[233,89336,89337,89341,89345,89349,89353,89357,89361,89367],{},[236,89338,89339],{},[335,89340,88470],{"href":88469},[236,89342,89343],{},[335,89344,88675],{"href":88674},[236,89346,89347],{},[335,89348,88679],{"href":88678},[236,89350,89351],{},[335,89352,88474],{"href":88473},[236,89354,89355],{},[335,89356,89066],{"href":89065},[236,89358,89359],{},[335,89360,88898],{"href":88897},[236,89362,89363],{},[335,89364,88890,89365,88894],{"href":88889},[50,89366,88893],{},[236,89368,89369],{},[335,89370,88928,89371,88932],{"href":88927},[50,89372,88931],{},[2640,89374,89375],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":89377},[89378,89379,89380,89381,89382,89383,89384,89389,89390,89395,89401,89402,89403,89411],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":87344,"depth":101,"text":87345},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":87641,"depth":101,"text":87642},{"id":87905,"depth":101,"text":87906},{"id":88029,"depth":101,"text":88030},{"id":88212,"depth":101,"text":88213,"children":89385},[89386,89387,89388],{"id":88222,"depth":127,"text":88223},{"id":88301,"depth":127,"text":88302},{"id":88384,"depth":127,"text":88385},{"id":88477,"depth":101,"text":88478},{"id":88682,"depth":101,"text":88683,"children":89391},[89392,89393,89394],{"id":88689,"depth":127,"text":87637},{"id":88773,"depth":127,"text":88773},{"id":88784,"depth":127,"text":88784},{"id":88795,"depth":101,"text":88796,"children":89396},[89397,89398,89399,89400],{"id":88802,"depth":127,"text":88805},{"id":88901,"depth":127,"text":88904},{"id":88935,"depth":127,"text":88938},{"id":89018,"depth":127,"text":89021},{"id":89035,"depth":101,"text":89036},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":89404},[89405,89406,89407,89409,89410],{"id":89285,"depth":127,"text":89286},{"id":89292,"depth":127,"text":89293},{"id":89302,"depth":127,"text":89408},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89318,"depth":127,"text":89319},{"id":89325,"depth":127,"text":89326},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87232,"description":89412},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89419,"title":89420,"body":89421,"description":91416,"extension":2687,"meta":91417,"navigation":130,"path":91418,"seo":91419,"stem":91420,"__hash__":91421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89422,"toc":91363},[89423,89428,89433,89439,89441,89509,89511,89530,89535,89540,89545,89548,89560,89562,89605,89607,89625,89636,89638,89640,89665,89667,89678,89680,89740,89742,89768,89771,89775,89780,89784,89787,89821,89825,89828,89853,89857,89880,89884,89917,89922,89926,89931,89934,90002,90004,90028,90033,90036,90067,90069,90101,90118,90122,90127,90151,90158,90163,90168,90171,90175,90210,90212,90221,90225,90316,90318,90349,90354,90361,90366,90375,90378,90412,90414,90428,90432,90473,90475,90484,90488,90536,90538,90552,90557,90568,90575,90581,90583,90618,90620,90634,90637,90659,90665,90694,90705,90711,90717,90731,90733,90812,90814,90864,90871,90873,90878,90882,90885,90900,90905,90907,90926,90932,90935,90950,90952,90970,90976,90981,91011,91014,91037,91040,91067,91074,91080,91088,91111,91116,91124,91126,91146,91150,91156,91206,91209,91231,91233,91239,91247,91253,91259,91267,91272,91276,91279,91302,91307,91314,91326,91328,91360],[10,89424,13,89426,18],{"id":89425},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89427,47128],{},[20,89429,33004,89430,89432],{},[15,89431,47128],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89434,89435,89436,89438],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89437,47128],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[36,89440,39],{"id":38},[41,89442,89444],{"className":43,"code":89443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89445,89446,89458,89467,89471,89481,89491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89447,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89449,8589],{"class":56},[50,89451,61],{"class":60},[50,89453,81],{"class":68},[50,89455,8634],{"class":72},[50,89457,4082],{"class":68},[50,89459,89460,89462,89464],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89461,22327],{"class":56},[50,89463,61],{"class":60},[50,89465,89466],{"class":111}," 12\n",[50,89468,89469],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89470,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,89472,89473,89475,89477,89479],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,89474,366],{"class":151},[50,89476,155],{"class":64},[50,89478,178],{"class":158},[50,89480,186],{"class":64},[50,89482,89483,89485,89487,89489],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,89484,366],{"class":151},[50,89486,155],{"class":64},[50,89488,1303],{"class":158},[50,89490,186],{"class":64},[50,89492,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,89494,366],{"class":151},[50,89496,155],{"class":64},[50,89498,69],{"class":68},[50,89500,35552],{"class":72},[50,89502,69],{"class":68},[50,89504,78],{"class":64},[50,89506,140],{"class":158},[50,89508,186],{"class":64},[20,89510,189],{},[41,89512,89514],{"className":43,"code":89513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89515,89516,89521,89525],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89517,89518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89519,89520],{"class":56},"Mia\n",[50,89522,89523],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89524,2949],{"class":111},[50,89526,89527],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89528,89529],{"class":56},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89531,221,89532,89534],{},[15,89533,47128],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[36,89536,228,89538,231],{"id":89537},"what-print-does",[15,89539,47128],{},[20,89541,89542,89544],{},[15,89543,47128],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89546,89547],{},"You can use it to display:",[233,89549,89550,89552,89554,89557],{},[236,89551,35393],{},[236,89553,381],{},[236,89555,89556],{},"variables",[236,89558,89559],{},"expressions",[20,89561,2931],{},[41,89563,89565],{"className":43,"code":89564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89566,89567,89581,89591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89568,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89570,366],{"class":151},[50,89572,155],{"class":64},[50,89574,69],{"class":68},[50,89576,35552],{"class":72},[50,89578,69],{"class":68},[50,89580,186],{"class":64},[50,89582,89583,89585,89587,89589],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89584,366],{"class":151},[50,89586,155],{"class":64},[50,89588,2859],{"class":111},[50,89590,186],{"class":64},[50,89592,89593,89595,89597,89599,89601,89603],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89594,366],{"class":151},[50,89596,155],{"class":64},[50,89598,422],{"class":111},[50,89600,3178],{"class":60},[50,89602,319],{"class":111},[50,89604,186],{"class":64},[20,89606,189],{},[41,89608,89610],{"className":43,"code":89609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89611,89612,89617,89621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89613,89614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89615,89616],{"class":56},"Hello\n",[50,89618,89619],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89620,3670],{"class":111},[50,89622,89623],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89624,3670],{"class":111},[20,89626,89627,89628,89630,89631,89635],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89629,47128],{}," ",[4465,89632,4413,89633],{},[15,89634,4501],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[36,89637,256],{"id":255},[20,89639,31414],{},[41,89641,89643],{"className":43,"code":89642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89644,89645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89646,89647,89649,89651,89654,89656,89659,89661,89663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89648,366],{"class":151},[50,89650,155],{"class":64},[50,89652,89653],{"class":158},"object1",[50,89655,78],{"class":64},[50,89657,89658],{"class":158}," object2",[50,89660,78],{"class":64},[50,89662,284],{"class":151},[50,89664,186],{"class":64},[20,89666,80876],{},[233,89668,89669,89672,89675],{},[236,89670,89671],{},"one value",[236,89673,89674],{},"many values",[236,89676,89677],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89679,2931],{},[41,89681,89683],{"className":43,"code":89682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89684,89685,89699,89718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89686,89687,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89688,366],{"class":151},[50,89690,155],{"class":64},[50,89692,69],{"class":68},[50,89694,58446],{"class":72},[50,89696,69],{"class":68},[50,89698,186],{"class":64},[50,89700,89701,89703,89705,89707,89710,89712,89714,89716],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89702,366],{"class":151},[50,89704,155],{"class":64},[50,89706,69],{"class":68},[50,89708,89709],{"class":72},"Score:",[50,89711,69],{"class":68},[50,89713,78],{"class":64},[50,89715,6717],{"class":111},[50,89717,186],{"class":64},[50,89719,89720,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89721,366],{"class":151},[50,89723,155],{"class":64},[50,89725,69],{"class":68},[50,89727,46240],{"class":72},[50,89729,69],{"class":68},[50,89731,78],{"class":64},[50,89733,3181],{"class":111},[50,89735,3178],{"class":60},[50,89737,38321],{"class":111},[50,89739,186],{"class":64},[20,89741,189],{},[41,89743,89745],{"className":43,"code":89744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89746,89747,89751,89760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89748,89749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89750,86024],{"class":56},[50,89752,89753,89756,89758],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89754,89755],{"class":56},"Score",[50,89757,1408],{"class":64},[50,89759,3309],{"class":111},[50,89761,89762,89764,89766],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89763,46279],{"class":56},[50,89765,1408],{"class":64},[50,89767,3309],{"class":111},[20,89769,89770],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[36,89772,89774],{"id":89773},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89776,89777,89778,838],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89779,47128],{},[1112,89781,89783],{"id":89782},"print-text","Print text",[20,89785,89786],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[41,89788,89790],{"className":43,"code":89789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89791,89792,89806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89793,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89795,366],{"class":151},[50,89797,155],{"class":64},[50,89799,69],{"class":68},[50,89801,35552],{"class":72},[50,89803,69],{"class":68},[50,89805,186],{"class":64},[50,89807,89808,89810,89812,89814,89817,89819],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89809,366],{"class":151},[50,89811,155],{"class":64},[50,89813,69],{"class":68},[50,89815,89816],{"class":72},"Python is fun",[50,89818,69],{"class":68},[50,89820,186],{"class":64},[1112,89822,89824],{"id":89823},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89826,89827],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[41,89829,89831],{"className":43,"code":89830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89832,89833,89843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89834,89835,89837,89839,89841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89836,366],{"class":151},[50,89838,155],{"class":64},[50,89840,2859],{"class":111},[50,89842,186],{"class":64},[50,89844,89845,89847,89849,89851],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89846,366],{"class":151},[50,89848,155],{"class":64},[50,89850,40820],{"class":111},[50,89852,186],{"class":64},[1112,89854,89856],{"id":89855},"print-variables","Print variables",[41,89858,89860],{"className":43,"code":89859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89861,89862,89870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89863,89864,89866,89868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89865,5813],{"class":56},[50,89867,61],{"class":60},[50,89869,14832],{"class":111},[50,89871,89872,89874,89876,89878],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89873,366],{"class":151},[50,89875,155],{"class":64},[50,89877,771],{"class":158},[50,89879,186],{"class":64},[1112,89881,89883],{"id":89882},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[41,89885,89887],{"className":43,"code":89886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89888,89889,89903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89890,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89892,366],{"class":151},[50,89894,155],{"class":64},[50,89896,422],{"class":111},[50,89898,3178],{"class":60},[50,89900,319],{"class":111},[50,89902,186],{"class":64},[50,89904,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89906,366],{"class":151},[50,89908,155],{"class":64},[50,89910,1868],{"class":111},[50,89912,83501],{"class":60},[50,89914,3181],{"class":111},[50,89916,186],{"class":64},[20,89918,89919,89920,838],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[335,89921,51653],{"href":51652},[36,89923,89925],{"id":89924},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89927,89928,89930],{},[15,89929,47128],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89932,89933],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[41,89935,89937],{"className":43,"code":89936,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89938,89939,89952,89960,89964,89983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89940,89941,89943,89945,89947,89950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89942,8589],{"class":56},[50,89944,61],{"class":60},[50,89946,81],{"class":68},[50,89948,89949],{"class":72},"Ava",[50,89951,4082],{"class":68},[50,89953,89954,89956,89958],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,89955,22327],{"class":56},[50,89957,61],{"class":60},[50,89959,3309],{"class":111},[50,89961,89962],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,89963,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,89965,89966,89968,89970,89972,89975,89977,89979,89981],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,89967,366],{"class":151},[50,89969,155],{"class":64},[50,89971,69],{"class":68},[50,89973,89974],{"class":72},"Name:",[50,89976,69],{"class":68},[50,89978,78],{"class":64},[50,89980,140],{"class":158},[50,89982,186],{"class":64},[50,89984,89985,89987,89989,89991,89994,89996,89998,90000],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,89986,366],{"class":151},[50,89988,155],{"class":64},[50,89990,69],{"class":68},[50,89992,89993],{"class":72},"Age:",[50,89995,69],{"class":68},[50,89997,78],{"class":64},[50,89999,9899],{"class":158},[50,90001,186],{"class":64},[20,90003,189],{},[41,90005,90007],{"className":43,"code":90006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,90008,90009,90019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90010,90011,90014,90016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90012,90013],{"class":56},"Name",[50,90015,1408],{"class":64},[50,90017,90018],{"class":56}," Ava\n",[50,90020,90021,90024,90026],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90022,90023],{"class":56},"Age",[50,90025,1408],{"class":64},[50,90027,3309],{"class":111},[20,90029,90030,90031,838],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,90032,2783],{},[20,90034,90035],{},"For example, this works:",[41,90037,90039],{"className":43,"code":90038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90040,90041,90049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90042,90043,90045,90047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90044,22327],{"class":56},[50,90046,61],{"class":60},[50,90048,3309],{"class":111},[50,90050,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90052,366],{"class":151},[50,90054,155],{"class":64},[50,90056,69],{"class":68},[50,90058,89993],{"class":72},[50,90060,69],{"class":68},[50,90062,78],{"class":64},[50,90064,9899],{"class":158},[50,90066,186],{"class":64},[20,90068,37603],{},[41,90070,90072],{"className":43,"code":90071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,90073,90074,90082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90075,90076,90078,90080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90077,22327],{"class":56},[50,90079,61],{"class":60},[50,90081,3309],{"class":111},[50,90083,90084,90086,90088,90090,90093,90095,90097,90099],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90085,366],{"class":151},[50,90087,155],{"class":64},[50,90089,69],{"class":68},[50,90091,90092],{"class":72},"Age: ",[50,90094,69],{"class":68},[50,90096,3178],{"class":60},[50,90098,9899],{"class":158},[50,90100,186],{"class":64},[20,90102,90103,90104,90107,90108,90110,90111,90113,90114,838],{},"That fails because ",[15,90105,90106],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,90109,1303],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,90112,2783],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[335,90115,90116],{"href":42851},[15,90117,48359],{},[36,90119,90121],{"id":90120},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,90123,90124,90126],{},[15,90125,47128],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[233,90128,90129,90135,90140,90145],{},[236,90130,90131,90134],{},[15,90132,90133],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[236,90136,90137,90139],{},[15,90138,53338],{}," controls what is added after the output",[236,90141,90142,90144],{},[15,90143,87409],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[236,90146,90147,90150],{},[15,90148,90149],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,90152,90153,90154,827,90156,838],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,90155,90133],{},[15,90157,53338],{},[36,90159,90161,37292],{"id":90160},"sep-argument",[15,90162,90133],{},[20,90164,2704,90165,90167],{},[15,90166,90133],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,90169,90170],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1112,90172,90174],{"id":90173},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[41,90176,90178],{"className":43,"code":90177,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,90179,90180],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90181,90182,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90183,366],{"class":151},[50,90185,155],{"class":64},[50,90187,69],{"class":68},[50,90189,13796],{"class":72},[50,90191,69],{"class":68},[50,90193,78],{"class":64},[50,90195,81],{"class":68},[50,90197,18154],{"class":72},[50,90199,69],{"class":68},[50,90201,78],{"class":64},[50,90203,81],{"class":68},[50,90205,13813],{"class":72},[50,90207,69],{"class":68},[50,90209,186],{"class":64},[20,90211,189],{},[41,90213,90215],{"className":43,"code":90214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red green blue\n",[15,90216,90217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90218,90219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90220,90214],{"class":56},[1112,90222,90224],{"id":90223},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[41,90226,90228],{"className":43,"code":90227,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90229,90230,90273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90231,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90233,366],{"class":151},[50,90235,155],{"class":64},[50,90237,69],{"class":68},[50,90239,13796],{"class":72},[50,90241,69],{"class":68},[50,90243,78],{"class":64},[50,90245,81],{"class":68},[50,90247,18154],{"class":72},[50,90249,69],{"class":68},[50,90251,78],{"class":64},[50,90253,81],{"class":68},[50,90255,13813],{"class":72},[50,90257,69],{"class":68},[50,90259,78],{"class":64},[50,90261,90262],{"class":9886}," sep",[50,90264,61],{"class":60},[50,90266,69],{"class":68},[50,90268,78],{"class":72},[50,90270,69],{"class":68},[50,90272,186],{"class":64},[50,90274,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291,90293,90295,90297,90299,90301,90303,90305,90307,90309,90312,90314],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90276,366],{"class":151},[50,90278,155],{"class":64},[50,90280,69],{"class":68},[50,90282,13796],{"class":72},[50,90284,69],{"class":68},[50,90286,78],{"class":64},[50,90288,81],{"class":68},[50,90290,18154],{"class":72},[50,90292,69],{"class":68},[50,90294,78],{"class":64},[50,90296,81],{"class":68},[50,90298,13813],{"class":72},[50,90300,69],{"class":68},[50,90302,78],{"class":64},[50,90304,90262],{"class":9886},[50,90306,61],{"class":60},[50,90308,69],{"class":68},[50,90310,90311],{"class":72}," - ",[50,90313,69],{"class":68},[50,90315,186],{"class":64},[20,90317,189],{},[41,90319,90321],{"className":43,"code":90320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90322,90323,90335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90324,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90326,13796],{"class":56},[50,90328,78],{"class":64},[50,90330,18154],{"class":56},[50,90332,78],{"class":64},[50,90334,70655],{"class":56},[50,90336,90337,90340,90342,90345,90347],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90338,90339],{"class":56},"red ",[50,90341,2746],{"class":60},[50,90343,90344],{"class":56}," green ",[50,90346,2746],{"class":60},[50,90348,36563],{"class":56},[20,90350,90351,90353],{},[15,90352,90133],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90355,90356,90357,838],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[335,90358,90360],{"href":90359},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[36,90362,90364,37292],{"id":90363},"end-argument",[15,90365,53338],{},[20,90367,90368,90369,90371,90372,90374],{},"By default, ",[15,90370,47128],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90373,47128],{}," starts on a new line.",[1112,90376,90174],{"id":90377},"default-behavior-1",[41,90379,90381],{"className":43,"code":90380,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90382,90383,90397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90384,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90386,366],{"class":151},[50,90388,155],{"class":64},[50,90390,69],{"class":68},[50,90392,35552],{"class":72},[50,90394,69],{"class":68},[50,90396,186],{"class":64},[50,90398,90399,90401,90403,90405,90408,90410],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90400,366],{"class":151},[50,90402,155],{"class":64},[50,90404,69],{"class":68},[50,90406,90407],{"class":72},"World",[50,90409,69],{"class":68},[50,90411,186],{"class":64},[20,90413,189],{},[41,90415,90417],{"className":43,"code":90416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90418,90419,90423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90420,90421],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90422,89616],{"class":56},[50,90424,90425],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90426,90427],{"class":56},"World\n",[1112,90429,90431],{"id":90430},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[41,90433,90435],{"className":43,"code":90434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90436,90437,90459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90438,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90440,366],{"class":151},[50,90442,155],{"class":64},[50,90444,69],{"class":68},[50,90446,35552],{"class":72},[50,90448,69],{"class":68},[50,90450,78],{"class":64},[50,90452,65718],{"class":9886},[50,90454,61],{"class":60},[50,90456,6985],{"class":68},[50,90458,186],{"class":64},[50,90460,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90462,366],{"class":151},[50,90464,155],{"class":64},[50,90466,69],{"class":68},[50,90468,90407],{"class":72},[50,90470,69],{"class":68},[50,90472,186],{"class":64},[20,90474,189],{},[41,90476,90478],{"className":43,"code":90477,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90479,90480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90481,90482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90483,90477],{"class":56},[1112,90485,90487],{"id":90486},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[41,90489,90491],{"className":43,"code":90490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90492,90493,90522],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90494,90495,90497,90499,90501,90503,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90516,90518,90520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90496,366],{"class":151},[50,90498,155],{"class":64},[50,90500,69],{"class":68},[50,90502,35552],{"class":72},[50,90504,69],{"class":68},[50,90506,78],{"class":64},[50,90508,65718],{"class":9886},[50,90510,61],{"class":60},[50,90512,69],{"class":68},[50,90514,90515],{"class":72},"!",[50,90517,87820],{"class":35138},[50,90519,69],{"class":68},[50,90521,186],{"class":64},[50,90523,90524,90526,90528,90530,90532,90534],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90525,366],{"class":151},[50,90527,155],{"class":64},[50,90529,69],{"class":68},[50,90531,90407],{"class":72},[50,90533,69],{"class":68},[50,90535,186],{"class":64},[20,90537,189],{},[41,90539,90541],{"className":43,"code":90540,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90542,90543,90548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90544,90545],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90546,90547],{"class":56},"Hello!\n",[50,90549,90550],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90551,90427],{"class":56},[20,90553,2704,90554,90556],{},[15,90555,53338],{}," argument is useful for:",[233,90558,90559,90562,90565],{},[236,90560,90561],{},"progress messages",[236,90563,90564],{},"inline output",[236,90566,90567],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[36,90569,90571,3121,90573],{"id":90570},"print-returns-none",[15,90572,47128],{},[15,90574,4501],{},[20,90576,90577,90578,90580],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90579,47128],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90582,2931],{},[41,90584,90586],{"className":43,"code":90585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90587,90588,90608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90589,90590,90592,90594,90597,90599,90601,90604,90606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90591,2954],{"class":56},[50,90593,61],{"class":60},[50,90595,90596],{"class":151}," print",[50,90598,155],{"class":64},[50,90600,69],{"class":68},[50,90602,90603],{"class":72},"Hi",[50,90605,69],{"class":68},[50,90607,186],{"class":64},[50,90609,90610,90612,90614,90616],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90611,366],{"class":151},[50,90613,155],{"class":64},[50,90615,2989],{"class":158},[50,90617,186],{"class":64},[20,90619,189],{},[41,90621,90623],{"className":43,"code":90622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90624,90625,90630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90626,90627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90628,90629],{"class":56},"Hi\n",[50,90631,90632],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90633,12512],{"class":1806},[20,90635,90636],{},"Why does this happen?",[233,90638,90639,90647,90652],{},[236,90640,90641,90644,90645],{},[15,90642,90643],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90646,90603],{},[236,90648,90649,90650],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90651,4501],{},[236,90653,90654,90655,12624,90657],{},"so ",[15,90656,2989],{},[15,90658,4501],{},[20,90660,90661,90662,90664],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90663,47128],{}," call.",[41,90666,90668],{"className":43,"code":90667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90669,90670,90683],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90671,90672,90675,90677,90679,90681],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90673,90674],{"class":56},"message ",[50,90676,61],{"class":60},[50,90678,81],{"class":68},[50,90680,90603],{"class":72},[50,90682,4082],{"class":68},[50,90684,90685,90687,90689,90692],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90686,366],{"class":151},[50,90688,155],{"class":64},[50,90690,90691],{"class":158},"message",[50,90693,186],{"class":64},[20,90695,90696,90697,90699,90700,90704],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90698,47128],{}," with functions like ",[335,90701,90702],{"href":8931},[15,90703,3681],{},", which do return a value.",[36,90706,90708,90709],{"id":90707},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90710,47128],{},[20,90712,90713,90714,90716],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90715,47128],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[233,90718,90719,90722,90725,90728],{},[236,90720,90721],{},"to display results to the user",[236,90723,90724],{},"to show messages in a script",[236,90726,90727],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[236,90729,90730],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90732,2931],{},[41,90734,90736],{"className":43,"code":90735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90737,90738,90746,90750,90770,90781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90739,90740,90742,90744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90741,41858],{"class":56},[50,90743,61],{"class":60},[50,90745,39189],{"class":111},[50,90747,90748],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90749,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,90751,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,90753,33],{"class":137},[50,90755,7100],{"class":56},[50,90757,148],{"class":137},[50,90759,54748],{"class":151},[50,90761,155],{"class":64},[50,90763,309],{"class":111},[50,90765,78],{"class":64},[50,90767,3181],{"class":111},[50,90769,167],{"class":64},[50,90771,90772,90775,90778],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,90773,90774],{"class":56},"    total ",[50,90776,90777],{"class":60},"+=",[50,90779,90780],{"class":56}," number\n",[50,90782,90783,90785,90787,90789,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,90784,173],{"class":151},[50,90786,155],{"class":64},[50,90788,69],{"class":68},[50,90790,90791],{"class":72},"Current number:",[50,90793,69],{"class":68},[50,90795,78],{"class":64},[50,90797,2920],{"class":158},[50,90799,78],{"class":64},[50,90801,81],{"class":68},[50,90803,46240],{"class":72},[50,90805,69],{"class":68},[50,90807,78],{"class":64},[50,90809,46247],{"class":158},[50,90811,186],{"class":64},[20,90813,189],{},[41,90815,90817],{"className":43,"code":90816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90818,90819,90835,90849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90820,90821,90824,90826,90828,90831,90833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90822,90823],{"class":56},"Current number",[50,90825,1408],{"class":64},[50,90827,6212],{"class":111},[50,90829,90830],{"class":56}," Total",[50,90832,1408],{"class":64},[50,90834,30304],{"class":111},[50,90836,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90838,90823],{"class":56},[50,90840,1408],{"class":64},[50,90842,314],{"class":111},[50,90844,90830],{"class":56},[50,90846,1408],{"class":64},[50,90848,3299],{"class":111},[50,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,90852,90823],{"class":56},[50,90854,1408],{"class":64},[50,90856,319],{"class":111},[50,90858,90830],{"class":56},[50,90860,1408],{"class":64},[50,90862,90863],{"class":111}," 6\n",[20,90865,90866,90867,838],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[335,90868,90870],{"href":90869},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[36,90872,3553],{"id":3552},[20,90874,90875,90876,838],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90877,47128],{},[1112,90879,90881],{"id":90880},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90883,90884],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[41,90886,90888],{"className":43,"code":90887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90889,90890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90891,90892,90894,90896,90898],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90893,366],{"class":151},[50,90895,155],{"class":64},[50,90897,35552],{"class":158},[50,90899,186],{"class":64},[20,90901,9587,90902,90904],{},[15,90903,35552],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90906,11509],{},[41,90908,90910],{"className":43,"code":90909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90911,90912],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90913,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90915,366],{"class":151},[50,90917,155],{"class":64},[50,90919,69],{"class":68},[50,90921,35552],{"class":72},[50,90923,69],{"class":68},[50,90925,186],{"class":64},[1112,90927,2447,90929,90931],{"id":90928},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90930,366],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90933,90934],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[41,90936,90938],{"className":43,"code":90937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90939,90940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90941,90942,90944,90946,90948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90943,366],{"class":151},[50,90945,81],{"class":68},[50,90947,35552],{"class":72},[50,90949,4082],{"class":68},[20,90951,11509],{},[41,90953,90954],{"className":43,"code":90909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90955,90956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90957,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90959,366],{"class":151},[50,90961,155],{"class":64},[50,90963,69],{"class":68},[50,90965,35552],{"class":72},[50,90967,69],{"class":68},[50,90969,186],{"class":64},[1112,90971,90973,90974],{"id":90972},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90975,2783],{},[20,90977,90978,90979,838],{},"This causes a ",[15,90980,3727],{},[41,90982,90983],{"className":43,"code":90071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90984,90985,90993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90986,90987,90989,90991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90988,22327],{"class":56},[50,90990,61],{"class":60},[50,90992,3309],{"class":111},[50,90994,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,90996,366],{"class":151},[50,90998,155],{"class":64},[50,91000,69],{"class":68},[50,91002,90092],{"class":72},[50,91004,69],{"class":68},[50,91006,3178],{"class":60},[50,91008,9899],{"class":158},[50,91010,186],{"class":64},[20,91012,91013],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[41,91015,91017],{"className":43,"code":91016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,91018,91019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91020,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91022,366],{"class":151},[50,91024,155],{"class":64},[50,91026,69],{"class":68},[50,91028,89993],{"class":72},[50,91030,69],{"class":68},[50,91032,78],{"class":64},[50,91034,9899],{"class":158},[50,91036,186],{"class":64},[20,91038,91039],{},"Or convert the number first:",[41,91041,91043],{"className":43,"code":91042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,91044,91045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91046,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91048,366],{"class":151},[50,91050,155],{"class":64},[50,91052,69],{"class":68},[50,91054,90092],{"class":72},[50,91056,69],{"class":68},[50,91058,3178],{"class":60},[50,91060,49580],{"class":371},[50,91062,155],{"class":64},[50,91064,1303],{"class":158},[50,91066,1077],{"class":64},[20,91068,91069,91070,838],{},"If you see this error, read ",[335,91071,91073],{"href":91072},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1112,91075,2120,91077,91079],{"id":91076},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,91078,47128],{}," to return a value",[20,91081,91082,91083,36015,91086,1408],{},"This does not store ",[15,91084,91085],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,91087,2989],{},[41,91089,91091],{"className":43,"code":91090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91092,91093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91094,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91096,2954],{"class":56},[50,91098,61],{"class":60},[50,91100,90596],{"class":151},[50,91102,155],{"class":64},[50,91104,69],{"class":68},[50,91106,35552],{"class":72},[50,91108,69],{"class":68},[50,91110,186],{"class":64},[20,91112,91113,91114,838],{},"It stores ",[15,91115,4501],{},[1112,91117,91119,91120,827,91122],{"id":91118},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,91121,90133],{},[15,91123,53338],{},[20,91125,86479],{},[233,91127,91128,91137],{},[236,91129,91130,91132,91133,91136],{},[15,91131,90133],{}," changes what goes ",[4465,91134,91135],{},"between"," multiple values",[236,91138,91139,91141,91142,91145],{},[15,91140,53338],{}," changes what appears ",[4465,91143,91144],{},"after"," the output",[36,91147,91149],{"id":91148},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,91151,91152,91153,91155],{},"These simple ",[15,91154,47128],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[41,91157,91159],{"className":43,"code":91158,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,91160,91161,91181,91196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91162,91163,91165,91167,91169,91172,91174,91176,91179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91164,366],{"class":151},[50,91166,155],{"class":64},[50,91168,69],{"class":68},[50,91170,91171],{"class":72},"Debug:",[50,91173,69],{"class":68},[50,91175,78],{"class":64},[50,91177,91178],{"class":158}," variable_name",[50,91180,186],{"class":64},[50,91182,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91194],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,91184,366],{"class":151},[50,91186,155],{"class":64},[50,91188,3945],{"class":371},[50,91190,155],{"class":64},[50,91192,91193],{"class":158},"variable_name",[50,91195,1077],{"class":64},[50,91197,91198,91200,91202,91204],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,91199,32840],{"class":151},[50,91201,155],{"class":64},[50,91203,366],{"class":151},[50,91205,186],{"class":64},[20,91207,91208],{},"What they do:",[233,91210,91211,91217,91223],{},[236,91212,91213,91216],{},[15,91214,91215],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[236,91218,91219,91222],{},[15,91220,91221],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[236,91224,91225,91228,91229],{},[15,91226,91227],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91230,47128],{},[36,91232,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,91234,2569,91236,91238],{"id":91235},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91237,47128],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91240,91241,91242,91244,91245,37298],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91243,47128],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91246,53338],{},[1112,91248,5883,91250,91252],{"id":91249},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91251,47128],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91254,91255,91256,91258],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91257,47128],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1112,91260,5871,91262,5874,91265,2582],{"id":91261},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91263,91264],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91266,4501],{},[20,91268,1107,91269,91271],{},[15,91270,47128],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1112,91273,91275],{"id":91274},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91277,91278],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[41,91280,91282],{"className":43,"code":91281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91283,91284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91285,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91287,366],{"class":151},[50,91289,155],{"class":64},[50,91291,69],{"class":68},[50,91293,89993],{"class":72},[50,91295,69],{"class":68},[50,91297,78],{"class":64},[50,91299,6717],{"class":111},[50,91301,186],{"class":64},[20,91303,91304,91305,40606],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91306,48359],{},[1112,91308,5893,91310,827,91312,2582],{"id":91309},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91311,90133],{},[15,91313,53338],{},[233,91315,91316,91321],{},[236,91317,91318,91320],{},[15,91319,90133],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[236,91322,91323,91325],{},[15,91324,53338],{}," changes what appears after the output",[36,91327,2610],{"id":2609},[233,91329,91330,91334,91340,91346,91351,91356],{},[236,91331,91332],{},[335,91333,51653],{"href":51652},[236,91335,91336],{},[335,91337,13,91338,2551],{"href":8931},[15,91339,3681],{},[236,91341,91342],{},[335,91343,13,91344,2551],{"href":42851},[15,91345,48359],{},[236,91347,91348],{},[335,91349,91350],{"href":90359},"How to format strings in Python",[236,91352,91353],{},[335,91354,91355],{"href":90869},"How to debug Python code",[236,91357,91358],{},[335,91359,91073],{"href":91072},[2640,91361,91362],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":91364},[91365,91366,91368,91369,91375,91376,91377,91382,91388,91390,91392,91403,91404,91415],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":89537,"depth":101,"text":91367},"What print() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":89773,"depth":101,"text":89774,"children":91370},[91371,91372,91373,91374],{"id":89782,"depth":127,"text":89783},{"id":89823,"depth":127,"text":89824},{"id":89855,"depth":127,"text":89856},{"id":89882,"depth":127,"text":89883},{"id":89924,"depth":101,"text":89925},{"id":90120,"depth":101,"text":90121},{"id":90160,"depth":101,"text":91378,"children":91379},"sep argument",[91380,91381],{"id":90173,"depth":127,"text":90174},{"id":90223,"depth":127,"text":90224},{"id":90363,"depth":101,"text":91383,"children":91384},"end argument",[91385,91386,91387],{"id":90377,"depth":127,"text":90174},{"id":90430,"depth":127,"text":90431},{"id":90486,"depth":127,"text":90487},{"id":90570,"depth":101,"text":91389},"print() returns None",{"id":90707,"depth":101,"text":91391},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":91393},[91394,91395,91397,91399,91401],{"id":90880,"depth":127,"text":90881},{"id":90928,"depth":127,"text":91396},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90972,"depth":127,"text":91398},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":91076,"depth":127,"text":91400},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91118,"depth":127,"text":91402},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91148,"depth":101,"text":91149},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":91405},[91406,91408,91410,91412,91413],{"id":91235,"depth":127,"text":91407},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91249,"depth":127,"text":91409},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91261,"depth":127,"text":91411},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91274,"depth":127,"text":91275},{"id":91309,"depth":127,"text":91414},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89420,"description":91416},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91423,"title":91424,"body":91425,"description":93727,"extension":2687,"meta":93728,"navigation":130,"path":93729,"seo":93730,"stem":93731,"__hash__":93732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91426,"toc":93673},[91427,91432,91437,91450,91452,91517,91528,91533,91538,91540,91563,91566,91597,91599,91616,91621,91627,91632,91681,91684,91701,91707,91712,91735,91737,91765,91771,91779,91806,91808,91833,91839,91842,91873,91875,91904,91908,91911,91916,91938,91940,91968,91974,91980,92006,92008,92032,92038,92044,92074,92076,92104,92114,92118,92124,92157,92159,92188,92191,92194,92227,92229,92237,92243,92245,92268,92273,92282,92287,92301,92303,92343,92345,92375,92379,92414,92420,92424,92468,92470,92500,92506,92509,92588,92590,92612,92620,92623,92686,92693,92768,92774,92780,92785,92790,92813,92815,92836,92838,92851,92853,92900,92902,92941,92950,92952,92956,92960,92963,92990,92993,93022,93025,93049,93052,93060,93066,93088,93090,93118,93122,93127,93182,93187,93189,93246,93253,93262,93265,93297,93299,93307,93310,93316,93318,93341,93344,93350,93353,93372,93374,93393,93396,93418,93420,93448,93452,93456,93561,93563,93576,93578,93584,93587,93595,93600,93606,93612,93617,93625,93631,93638,93640,93670],[10,91428,13,91430,18],{"id":91429},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91431,36875],{},[20,91433,33004,91434,91436],{},[15,91435,36875],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91438,91439,91440,91442,91443,91445,91446,91449],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91441,33],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91444,36875],{}," stops ",[4465,91447,91448],{},"before"," the end value.",[36,91451,39],{"id":38},[41,91453,91455],{"className":43,"code":91454,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91456,91457,91473,91483,91487,91492,91497,91502,91507,91512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91458,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91460,33],{"class":137},[50,91462,70225],{"class":56},[50,91464,148],{"class":137},[50,91466,54748],{"class":151},[50,91468,155],{"class":64},[50,91470,2859],{"class":111},[50,91472,167],{"class":64},[50,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,91476,173],{"class":151},[50,91478,155],{"class":64},[50,91480,36831],{"class":158},[50,91482,186],{"class":64},[50,91484,91485],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,91486,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,91488,91489],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,91490,91491],{"class":4385},"# Output:\n",[50,91493,91494],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,91495,91496],{"class":4385},"# 0\n",[50,91498,91499],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,91500,91501],{"class":4385},"# 1\n",[50,91503,91504],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,91505,91506],{"class":4385},"# 2\n",[50,91508,91509],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,91510,91511],{"class":4385},"# 3\n",[50,91513,91514],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,91515,91516],{"class":4385},"# 4\n",[20,91518,91519,91522,91523,91525,91526,838],{},[15,91520,91521],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91524,2842],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91527,2859],{},[36,91529,228,91531,231],{"id":91530},"what-range-does",[15,91532,36875],{},[20,91534,91535,91537],{},[15,91536,36875],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91539,13755],{},[233,91541,91542,91547,91553,91558],{},[236,91543,91544,91546],{},[15,91545,36875],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[236,91548,91549,91550,91552],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91551,33],{}," loops",[236,91554,91555,91556],{},"The stop value is ",[4465,91557,65747],{},[236,91559,18120,91560,91562],{},[15,91561,60677],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91564,91565],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[41,91567,91569],{"className":43,"code":91568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91570,91571,91587],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91572,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91574,33],{"class":137},[50,91576,7100],{"class":56},[50,91578,148],{"class":137},[50,91580,54748],{"class":151},[50,91582,155],{"class":64},[50,91584,437],{"class":111},[50,91586,167],{"class":64},[50,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,91590,173],{"class":151},[50,91592,155],{"class":64},[50,91594,2964],{"class":158},[50,91596,186],{"class":64},[20,91598,189],{},[41,91600,91602],{"className":43,"code":91601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91603,91604,91608,91612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91605,91606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91607,47927],{"class":111},[50,91609,91610],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,91611,47592],{"class":111},[50,91613,91614],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,91615,17756],{"class":111},[20,91617,91618,91619,838],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[335,91620,36706],{"href":36705},[36,91622,91624,91626],{"id":91623},"range-syntax",[15,91625,36875],{}," syntax",[20,91628,91629,91631],{},[15,91630,36875],{}," has three common forms:",[41,91633,91635],{"className":43,"code":91634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91636,91637,91647,91662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91638,91639,91641,91643,91645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91640,60677],{"class":151},[50,91642,155],{"class":64},[50,91644,76099],{"class":158},[50,91646,186],{"class":64},[50,91648,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91660],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,91650,60677],{"class":151},[50,91652,155],{"class":64},[50,91654,36750],{"class":158},[50,91656,78],{"class":64},[50,91658,91659],{"class":158}," stop",[50,91661,186],{"class":64},[50,91663,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91679],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,91665,60677],{"class":151},[50,91667,155],{"class":64},[50,91669,36750],{"class":158},[50,91671,78],{"class":64},[50,91673,91659],{"class":158},[50,91675,78],{"class":64},[50,91677,91678],{"class":158}," step",[50,91680,186],{"class":64},[20,91682,91683],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[233,91685,91686,91691,91696],{},[236,91687,91688,91690],{},[15,91689,36750],{}," = first number",[236,91692,91693,91695],{},[15,91694,76099],{}," = end limit, not included",[236,91697,91698,91700],{},[15,91699,76102],{}," = amount to move each time",[1112,91702,91704],{"id":91703},"rangestop",[15,91705,91706],{},"range(stop)",[20,91708,91709,91710,838],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91711,2842],{},[41,91713,91715],{"className":43,"code":91714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91716,91717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91718,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91720,366],{"class":151},[50,91722,155],{"class":64},[50,91724,372],{"class":371},[50,91726,155],{"class":64},[50,91728,60677],{"class":151},[50,91730,155],{"class":64},[50,91732,2859],{"class":111},[50,91734,389],{"class":64},[20,91736,189],{},[41,91738,91739],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91740,91741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91742,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91744,4620],{"class":64},[50,91746,2842],{"class":111},[50,91748,78],{"class":64},[50,91750,6212],{"class":111},[50,91752,78],{"class":64},[50,91754,314],{"class":111},[50,91756,78],{"class":64},[50,91758,319],{"class":111},[50,91760,78],{"class":64},[50,91762,3181],{"class":111},[50,91764,98],{"class":64},[1112,91766,91768],{"id":91767},"rangestart-stop",[15,91769,91770],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91772,91773,91774,91776,91777,838],{},"This starts at ",[15,91775,36750],{}," and stops before ",[15,91778,76099],{},[41,91780,91782],{"className":43,"code":91781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91783,91784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91785,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91787,366],{"class":151},[50,91789,155],{"class":64},[50,91791,372],{"class":371},[50,91793,155],{"class":64},[50,91795,60677],{"class":151},[50,91797,155],{"class":64},[50,91799,422],{"class":111},[50,91801,78],{"class":64},[50,91803,38321],{"class":111},[50,91805,389],{"class":64},[20,91807,189],{},[41,91809,91811],{"className":43,"code":91810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91812,91813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91814,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91816,4620],{"class":64},[50,91818,422],{"class":111},[50,91820,78],{"class":64},[50,91822,319],{"class":111},[50,91824,78],{"class":64},[50,91826,3181],{"class":111},[50,91828,78],{"class":64},[50,91830,5325],{"class":111},[50,91832,98],{"class":64},[1112,91834,91836],{"id":91835},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91837,91838],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91840,91841],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[41,91843,91845],{"className":43,"code":91844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91846,91847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91848,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91850,366],{"class":151},[50,91852,155],{"class":64},[50,91854,372],{"class":371},[50,91856,155],{"class":64},[50,91858,60677],{"class":151},[50,91860,155],{"class":64},[50,91862,309],{"class":111},[50,91864,78],{"class":64},[50,91866,6717],{"class":111},[50,91868,78],{"class":64},[50,91870,314],{"class":111},[50,91872,389],{"class":64},[20,91874,189],{},[41,91876,91878],{"className":43,"code":91877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91879,91880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91881,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91883,4620],{"class":64},[50,91885,309],{"class":111},[50,91887,78],{"class":64},[50,91889,319],{"class":111},[50,91891,78],{"class":64},[50,91893,5325],{"class":111},[50,91895,78],{"class":64},[50,91897,6706],{"class":111},[50,91899,78],{"class":64},[50,91901,54814],{"class":111},[50,91903,98],{"class":64},[36,91905,91907],{"id":91906},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91909,91910],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1112,91912,91914],{"id":91913},"range5",[15,91915,91521],{},[41,91917,91918],{"className":43,"code":91714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91919,91920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91923,366],{"class":151},[50,91925,155],{"class":64},[50,91927,372],{"class":371},[50,91929,155],{"class":64},[50,91931,60677],{"class":151},[50,91933,155],{"class":64},[50,91935,2859],{"class":111},[50,91937,389],{"class":64},[20,91939,189],{},[41,91941,91942],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91943,91944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91945,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91947,4620],{"class":64},[50,91949,2842],{"class":111},[50,91951,78],{"class":64},[50,91953,6212],{"class":111},[50,91955,78],{"class":64},[50,91957,314],{"class":111},[50,91959,78],{"class":64},[50,91961,319],{"class":111},[50,91963,78],{"class":64},[50,91965,3181],{"class":111},[50,91967,98],{"class":64},[20,91969,91773,91970,91776,91972,838],{},[15,91971,2842],{},[15,91973,2859],{},[1112,91975,91977],{"id":91976},"range2-6",[15,91978,91979],{},"range(2, 6)",[41,91981,91982],{"className":43,"code":91781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91983,91984],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91985,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91987,366],{"class":151},[50,91989,155],{"class":64},[50,91991,372],{"class":371},[50,91993,155],{"class":64},[50,91995,60677],{"class":151},[50,91997,155],{"class":64},[50,91999,422],{"class":111},[50,92001,78],{"class":64},[50,92003,38321],{"class":111},[50,92005,389],{"class":64},[20,92007,189],{},[41,92009,92010],{"className":43,"code":91810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92011,92012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92013,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92015,4620],{"class":64},[50,92017,422],{"class":111},[50,92019,78],{"class":64},[50,92021,319],{"class":111},[50,92023,78],{"class":64},[50,92025,3181],{"class":111},[50,92027,78],{"class":64},[50,92029,5325],{"class":111},[50,92031,98],{"class":64},[20,92033,91773,92034,91776,92036,838],{},[15,92035,422],{},[15,92037,81267],{},[1112,92039,92041],{"id":92040},"range1-10-2",[15,92042,92043],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[41,92045,92046],{"className":43,"code":91844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92047,92048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92051,366],{"class":151},[50,92053,155],{"class":64},[50,92055,372],{"class":371},[50,92057,155],{"class":64},[50,92059,60677],{"class":151},[50,92061,155],{"class":64},[50,92063,309],{"class":111},[50,92065,78],{"class":64},[50,92067,6717],{"class":111},[50,92069,78],{"class":64},[50,92071,314],{"class":111},[50,92073,389],{"class":64},[20,92075,189],{},[41,92077,92078],{"className":43,"code":91877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92079,92080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92083,4620],{"class":64},[50,92085,309],{"class":111},[50,92087,78],{"class":64},[50,92089,319],{"class":111},[50,92091,78],{"class":64},[50,92093,5325],{"class":111},[50,92095,78],{"class":64},[50,92097,6706],{"class":111},[50,92099,78],{"class":64},[50,92101,54814],{"class":111},[50,92103,98],{"class":64},[20,92105,92106,92107,92109,92110,61980,92112,838],{},"This moves by ",[15,92108,422],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,92111,309],{},[15,92113,2867],{},[1112,92115,92117],{"id":92116},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,92119,92120,92121,92123],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,92122,36875],{}," count backward.",[41,92125,92127],{"className":43,"code":92126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,92128,92129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92130,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92132,366],{"class":151},[50,92134,155],{"class":64},[50,92136,372],{"class":371},[50,92138,155],{"class":64},[50,92140,60677],{"class":151},[50,92142,155],{"class":64},[50,92144,2859],{"class":111},[50,92146,78],{"class":64},[50,92148,4556],{"class":111},[50,92150,78],{"class":64},[50,92152,2946],{"class":60},[50,92154,309],{"class":111},[50,92156,389],{"class":64},[20,92158,189],{},[41,92160,92162],{"className":43,"code":92161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,92163,92164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92165,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92167,4620],{"class":64},[50,92169,2859],{"class":111},[50,92171,78],{"class":64},[50,92173,3181],{"class":111},[50,92175,78],{"class":64},[50,92177,319],{"class":111},[50,92179,78],{"class":64},[50,92181,314],{"class":111},[50,92183,78],{"class":64},[50,92185,6212],{"class":111},[50,92187,98],{"class":64},[20,92189,92190],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92192,92193],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[41,92195,92197],{"className":43,"code":92196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92198,92199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92200,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92202,366],{"class":151},[50,92204,155],{"class":64},[50,92206,372],{"class":371},[50,92208,155],{"class":64},[50,92210,60677],{"class":151},[50,92212,155],{"class":64},[50,92214,309],{"class":111},[50,92216,78],{"class":64},[50,92218,5325],{"class":111},[50,92220,78],{"class":64},[50,92222,2946],{"class":60},[50,92224,309],{"class":111},[50,92226,389],{"class":64},[20,92228,189],{},[41,92230,92231],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92232,92233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92234,92235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92236,1602],{"class":64},[1112,92238,92239,77262,92241],{"id":77486},[15,92240,76102],{},[15,92242,2842],{},[20,92244,3560],{},[41,92246,92248],{"className":43,"code":92247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92249,92250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92251,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92253,60677],{"class":151},[50,92255,155],{"class":64},[50,92257,309],{"class":111},[50,92259,78],{"class":64},[50,92261,5325],{"class":111},[50,92263,78],{"class":64},[50,92265,4556],{"class":111},[50,92267,186],{"class":64},[20,92269,77531,92270,92272],{},[15,92271,41381],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[36,92274,2447,92276,92278,92279,92281],{"id":92275},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92277,36875],{}," in a ",[15,92280,33],{}," loop",[20,92283,92284,92286],{},[15,92285,36875],{}," is most useful when:",[233,92288,92289,92292,92295],{},[236,92290,92291],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[236,92293,92294],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[236,92296,92297,92298],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92299,92300],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92302,2931],{},[41,92304,92306],{"className":43,"code":92305,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92307,92308,92324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92311,33],{"class":137},[50,92313,70225],{"class":56},[50,92315,148],{"class":137},[50,92317,54748],{"class":151},[50,92319,155],{"class":64},[50,92321,437],{"class":111},[50,92323,167],{"class":64},[50,92325,92326,92328,92330,92332,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92327,173],{"class":151},[50,92329,155],{"class":64},[50,92331,69],{"class":68},[50,92333,92334],{"class":72},"Loop number:",[50,92336,69],{"class":68},[50,92338,78],{"class":64},[50,92340,36806],{"class":158},[50,92342,186],{"class":64},[20,92344,189],{},[41,92346,92348],{"className":43,"code":92347,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92349,92350,92359,92367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92351,92352,92355,92357],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92353,92354],{"class":56},"Loop number",[50,92356,1408],{"class":64},[50,92358,39189],{"class":111},[50,92360,92361,92363,92365],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92362,92354],{"class":56},[50,92364,1408],{"class":64},[50,92366,30304],{"class":111},[50,92368,92369,92371,92373],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92370,92354],{"class":56},[50,92372,1408],{"class":64},[50,92374,1092],{"class":111},[1112,92376,92378],{"id":92377},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[41,92380,92382],{"className":43,"code":92381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92383,92384,92400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92385,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92387,33],{"class":137},[50,92389,70225],{"class":56},[50,92391,148],{"class":137},[50,92393,54748],{"class":151},[50,92395,155],{"class":64},[50,92397,2859],{"class":111},[50,92399,167],{"class":64},[50,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92403,173],{"class":151},[50,92405,155],{"class":64},[50,92407,69],{"class":68},[50,92409,35552],{"class":72},[50,92411,69],{"class":68},[50,92413,186],{"class":64},[20,92415,92416,92417,92419],{},"This prints ",[15,92418,91085],{}," five times.",[1112,92421,92423],{"id":92422},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[41,92425,92427],{"className":43,"code":92426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92428,92429,92449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92430,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92432,33],{"class":137},[50,92434,70225],{"class":56},[50,92436,148],{"class":137},[50,92438,54748],{"class":151},[50,92440,155],{"class":64},[50,92442,309],{"class":111},[50,92444,78],{"class":64},[50,92446,3181],{"class":111},[50,92448,167],{"class":64},[50,92450,92451,92453,92455,92457,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92452,173],{"class":151},[50,92454,155],{"class":64},[50,92456,69],{"class":68},[50,92458,92459],{"class":72},"Current number is",[50,92461,69],{"class":68},[50,92463,78],{"class":64},[50,92465,36806],{"class":158},[50,92467,186],{"class":64},[20,92469,189],{},[41,92471,92473],{"className":43,"code":92472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92474,92475,92484,92492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92476,92477,92480,92482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92478,92479],{"class":56},"Current number ",[50,92481,12898],{"class":60},[50,92483,30304],{"class":111},[50,92485,92486,92488,92490],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92487,92479],{"class":56},[50,92489,12898],{"class":60},[50,92491,1092],{"class":111},[50,92493,92494,92496,92498],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92495,92479],{"class":56},[50,92497,12898],{"class":60},[50,92499,3299],{"class":111},[1112,92501,92503,92505],{"id":92502},"range-and-indexing",[15,92504,36875],{}," and indexing",[20,92507,92508],{},"You may see code like this:",[41,92510,92512],{"className":43,"code":92511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92513,92514,92546,92550,92570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92515,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92517,8493],{"class":56},[50,92519,61],{"class":60},[50,92521,65],{"class":64},[50,92523,69],{"class":68},[50,92525,335],{"class":72},[50,92527,69],{"class":68},[50,92529,78],{"class":64},[50,92531,81],{"class":68},[50,92533,344],{"class":72},[50,92535,69],{"class":68},[50,92537,78],{"class":64},[50,92539,81],{"class":68},[50,92541,353],{"class":72},[50,92543,69],{"class":68},[50,92545,98],{"class":64},[50,92547,92548],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92549,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,92551,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92553,33],{"class":137},[50,92555,70225],{"class":56},[50,92557,148],{"class":137},[50,92559,54748],{"class":151},[50,92561,155],{"class":64},[50,92563,1060],{"class":151},[50,92565,155],{"class":64},[50,92567,8522],{"class":158},[50,92569,70240],{"class":64},[50,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,92573,173],{"class":151},[50,92575,155],{"class":64},[50,92577,36831],{"class":158},[50,92579,78],{"class":64},[50,92581,6678],{"class":158},[50,92583,4620],{"class":64},[50,92585,36831],{"class":158},[50,92587,2210],{"class":64},[20,92589,189],{},[41,92591,92592],{"className":43,"code":36843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92593,92594,92600,92606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92595,92596,92598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92597,2842],{"class":111},[50,92599,36852],{"class":56},[50,92601,92602,92604],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92603,309],{"class":111},[50,92605,36859],{"class":56},[50,92607,92608,92610],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92609,422],{"class":111},[50,92611,36866],{"class":56},[20,92613,92614,92615,92619],{},"This works, and it uses ",[335,92616,92617],{"href":43034},[15,92618,43037],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92621,92622],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[41,92624,92626],{"className":43,"code":92625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92627,92628,92660,92664,92676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92629,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92631,8493],{"class":56},[50,92633,61],{"class":60},[50,92635,65],{"class":64},[50,92637,69],{"class":68},[50,92639,335],{"class":72},[50,92641,69],{"class":68},[50,92643,78],{"class":64},[50,92645,81],{"class":68},[50,92647,344],{"class":72},[50,92649,69],{"class":68},[50,92651,78],{"class":64},[50,92653,81],{"class":68},[50,92655,353],{"class":72},[50,92657,69],{"class":68},[50,92659,98],{"class":64},[50,92661,92662],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92663,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,92665,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92667,33],{"class":137},[50,92669,2221],{"class":56},[50,92671,148],{"class":137},[50,92673,6678],{"class":56},[50,92675,2229],{"class":64},[50,92677,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,92679,173],{"class":151},[50,92681,155],{"class":64},[50,92683,2238],{"class":158},[50,92685,186],{"class":64},[20,92687,37270,92688,92692],{},[335,92689,92690],{"href":2548},[15,92691,2453],{}," is usually a better choice:",[41,92694,92696],{"className":43,"code":92695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92697,92698,92730,92734,92754],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92699,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92701,8493],{"class":56},[50,92703,61],{"class":60},[50,92705,65],{"class":64},[50,92707,69],{"class":68},[50,92709,335],{"class":72},[50,92711,69],{"class":68},[50,92713,78],{"class":64},[50,92715,81],{"class":68},[50,92717,344],{"class":72},[50,92719,69],{"class":68},[50,92721,78],{"class":64},[50,92723,81],{"class":68},[50,92725,353],{"class":72},[50,92727,69],{"class":68},[50,92729,98],{"class":64},[50,92731,92732],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92733,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,92735,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92737,33],{"class":137},[50,92739,2511],{"class":56},[50,92741,78],{"class":64},[50,92743,2221],{"class":56},[50,92745,148],{"class":137},[50,92747,2521],{"class":151},[50,92749,155],{"class":64},[50,92751,8522],{"class":158},[50,92753,167],{"class":64},[50,92755,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,92757,173],{"class":151},[50,92759,155],{"class":64},[50,92761,2536],{"class":158},[50,92763,78],{"class":64},[50,92765,30196],{"class":158},[50,92767,186],{"class":64},[20,92769,79791,92770,838],{},[335,92771,37282,92772,37285],{"href":37281},[15,92773,2453],{},[36,92775,1101,92777,92779],{"id":92776},"converting-range-to-a-list",[15,92778,36875],{}," to a list",[20,92781,92782,92784],{},[15,92783,36875],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92786,92787,92788,1408],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92789,25474],{},[41,92791,92793],{"className":43,"code":92792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92794,92795],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92796,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92798,366],{"class":151},[50,92800,155],{"class":64},[50,92802,372],{"class":371},[50,92804,155],{"class":64},[50,92806,60677],{"class":151},[50,92808,155],{"class":64},[50,92810,437],{"class":111},[50,92812,389],{"class":64},[20,92814,189],{},[41,92816,92818],{"className":43,"code":92817,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92819,92820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92821,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92823,4620],{"class":64},[50,92825,2842],{"class":111},[50,92827,78],{"class":64},[50,92829,6212],{"class":111},[50,92831,78],{"class":64},[50,92833,314],{"class":111},[50,92835,98],{"class":64},[20,92837,33996],{},[233,92839,92840,92845,92848],{},[236,92841,92842,92843,42761],{},"learning how ",[15,92844,36875],{},[236,92846,92847],{},"checking your values",[236,92849,92850],{},"debugging code",[20,92852,6186],{},[41,92854,92856],{"className":43,"code":92855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92857,92858,92872,92876,92886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92859,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92861,302],{"class":56},[50,92863,61],{"class":60},[50,92865,54748],{"class":151},[50,92867,155],{"class":64},[50,92869,1089],{"class":111},[50,92871,186],{"class":64},[50,92873,92874],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92875,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,92877,92878,92880,92882,92884],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,92879,366],{"class":151},[50,92881,155],{"class":64},[50,92883,381],{"class":158},[50,92885,186],{"class":64},[50,92887,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,92889,366],{"class":151},[50,92891,155],{"class":64},[50,92893,372],{"class":371},[50,92895,155],{"class":64},[50,92897,381],{"class":158},[50,92899,1077],{"class":64},[20,92901,189],{},[41,92903,92905],{"className":43,"code":92904,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92906,92907,92921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92908,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92910,60677],{"class":151},[50,92912,155],{"class":64},[50,92914,2842],{"class":111},[50,92916,78],{"class":64},[50,92918,3181],{"class":111},[50,92920,186],{"class":64},[50,92922,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,92924,4620],{"class":64},[50,92926,2842],{"class":111},[50,92928,78],{"class":64},[50,92930,6212],{"class":111},[50,92932,78],{"class":64},[50,92934,314],{"class":111},[50,92936,78],{"class":64},[50,92938,319],{"class":111},[50,92940,98],{"class":64},[20,92942,92943,92944,11286,92946,92949],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92945,60677],{},[15,92947,92948],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[36,92951,5238],{"id":5237},[20,92953,34225,92954,838],{},[15,92955,36875],{},[1112,92957,92959],{"id":92958},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92961,92962],{},"Many beginners think this:",[41,92964,92966],{"className":43,"code":92965,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92967,92968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92971,366],{"class":151},[50,92973,155],{"class":64},[50,92975,372],{"class":371},[50,92977,155],{"class":64},[50,92979,60677],{"class":151},[50,92981,155],{"class":64},[50,92983,309],{"class":111},[50,92985,78],{"class":64},[50,92987,5325],{"class":111},[50,92989,389],{"class":64},[20,92991,92992],{},"will produce:",[41,92994,92996],{"className":43,"code":92995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92997,92998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92999,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93001,4620],{"class":64},[50,93003,309],{"class":111},[50,93005,78],{"class":64},[50,93007,314],{"class":111},[50,93009,78],{"class":64},[50,93011,319],{"class":111},[50,93013,78],{"class":64},[50,93015,3181],{"class":111},[50,93017,78],{"class":64},[50,93019,5325],{"class":111},[50,93021,98],{"class":64},[20,93023,93024],{},"But the real output is:",[41,93026,93027],{"className":43,"code":54183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93028,93029],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93030,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93032,4620],{"class":64},[50,93034,309],{"class":111},[50,93036,78],{"class":64},[50,93038,314],{"class":111},[50,93040,78],{"class":64},[50,93042,319],{"class":111},[50,93044,78],{"class":64},[50,93046,3181],{"class":111},[50,93048,98],{"class":64},[20,93050,93051],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1112,93053,5299,93055,93057,93058],{"id":93054},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,93056,91521],{}," starts at ",[15,93059,309],{},[20,93061,38145,93062,19662,93064,838],{},[15,93063,2842],{},[15,93065,309],{},[41,93067,93068],{"className":43,"code":91714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93069,93070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93071,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93073,366],{"class":151},[50,93075,155],{"class":64},[50,93077,372],{"class":371},[50,93079,155],{"class":64},[50,93081,60677],{"class":151},[50,93083,155],{"class":64},[50,93085,2859],{"class":111},[50,93087,389],{"class":64},[20,93089,189],{},[41,93091,93092],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93093,93094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93095,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93097,4620],{"class":64},[50,93099,2842],{"class":111},[50,93101,78],{"class":64},[50,93103,6212],{"class":111},[50,93105,78],{"class":64},[50,93107,314],{"class":111},[50,93109,78],{"class":64},[50,93111,319],{"class":111},[50,93113,78],{"class":64},[50,93115,3181],{"class":111},[50,93117,98],{"class":64},[1112,93119,93121],{"id":93120},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,93123,93124,93125,1408],{},"This often happens with ",[15,93126,3681],{},[41,93128,93130],{"className":43,"code":93129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93131,93132,93151,93155,93172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93133,93134,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93135,93136],{"class":56},"user_number ",[50,93138,61],{"class":60},[50,93140,8954],{"class":151},[50,93142,155],{"class":64},[50,93144,69],{"class":68},[50,93146,42547],{"class":72},[50,93148,69],{"class":68},[50,93150,186],{"class":64},[50,93152,93153],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93154,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,93156,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93170],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,93158,33],{"class":137},[50,93160,70225],{"class":56},[50,93162,148],{"class":137},[50,93164,54748],{"class":151},[50,93166,155],{"class":64},[50,93168,93169],{"class":158},"user_number",[50,93171,167],{"class":64},[50,93173,93174,93176,93178,93180],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,93175,173],{"class":151},[50,93177,155],{"class":64},[50,93179,36831],{"class":158},[50,93181,186],{"class":64},[20,93183,49186,93184,93186],{},[15,93185,3681],{}," returns a string.",[20,93188,11509],{},[41,93190,93192],{"className":43,"code":93191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93193,93194,93216,93220,93236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93195,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93197,93136],{"class":56},[50,93199,61],{"class":60},[50,93201,45953],{"class":371},[50,93203,155],{"class":64},[50,93205,43139],{"class":151},[50,93207,155],{"class":64},[50,93209,69],{"class":68},[50,93211,42547],{"class":72},[50,93213,69],{"class":68},[50,93215,1077],{"class":64},[50,93217,93218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93219,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,93221,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,93223,33],{"class":137},[50,93225,70225],{"class":56},[50,93227,148],{"class":137},[50,93229,54748],{"class":151},[50,93231,155],{"class":64},[50,93233,93169],{"class":158},[50,93235,167],{"class":64},[50,93237,93238,93240,93242,93244],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,93239,173],{"class":151},[50,93241,155],{"class":64},[50,93243,36831],{"class":158},[50,93245,186],{"class":64},[20,93247,93248,93249,838],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[335,93250,51200,93251],{"href":51199},[15,93252,51203],{},[1112,93254,93256,93257,93259,93260],{"id":93255},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93258,36750],{}," smaller than ",[15,93261,76099],{},[20,93263,93264],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[41,93266,93267],{"className":43,"code":92196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93268,93269],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93270,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93272,366],{"class":151},[50,93274,155],{"class":64},[50,93276,372],{"class":371},[50,93278,155],{"class":64},[50,93280,60677],{"class":151},[50,93282,155],{"class":64},[50,93284,309],{"class":111},[50,93286,78],{"class":64},[50,93288,5325],{"class":111},[50,93290,78],{"class":64},[50,93292,2946],{"class":60},[50,93294,309],{"class":111},[50,93296,389],{"class":64},[20,93298,189],{},[41,93300,93301],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93302,93303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93304,93305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93306,1602],{"class":64},[20,93308,93309],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1112,93311,26307,93313],{"id":93312},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93314,93315],{},"step = 0",[20,93317,78242],{},[41,93319,93321],{"className":43,"code":93320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93322,93323],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93324,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93326,60677],{"class":151},[50,93328,155],{"class":64},[50,93330,309],{"class":111},[50,93332,78],{"class":64},[50,93334,6717],{"class":111},[50,93336,78],{"class":64},[50,93338,4556],{"class":111},[50,93340,186],{"class":64},[20,93342,93343],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1112,93345,5424,93347,93349],{"id":93346},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93348,36875],{}," is not a list",[20,93351,93352],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[41,93354,93356],{"className":43,"code":93355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93357,93358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93359,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93361,366],{"class":151},[50,93363,155],{"class":64},[50,93365,60677],{"class":151},[50,93367,155],{"class":64},[50,93369,2859],{"class":111},[50,93371,1077],{"class":64},[20,93373,189],{},[41,93375,93377],{"className":43,"code":93376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93378,93379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93380,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93382,60677],{"class":151},[50,93384,155],{"class":64},[50,93386,2842],{"class":111},[50,93388,78],{"class":64},[50,93390,5325],{"class":111},[50,93392,186],{"class":64},[20,93394,93395],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[41,93397,93398],{"className":43,"code":91714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93399,93400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93401,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93403,366],{"class":151},[50,93405,155],{"class":64},[50,93407,372],{"class":371},[50,93409,155],{"class":64},[50,93411,60677],{"class":151},[50,93413,155],{"class":64},[50,93415,2859],{"class":111},[50,93417,389],{"class":64},[20,93419,189],{},[41,93421,93422],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,93423,93424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93425,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93427,4620],{"class":64},[50,93429,2842],{"class":111},[50,93431,78],{"class":64},[50,93433,6212],{"class":111},[50,93435,78],{"class":64},[50,93437,314],{"class":111},[50,93439,78],{"class":64},[50,93441,319],{"class":111},[50,93443,78],{"class":64},[50,93445,3181],{"class":111},[50,93447,98],{"class":64},[36,93449,93451],{"id":93450},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93453,9587,93454,83009],{},[15,93455,36875],{},[41,93457,93459],{"className":43,"code":93458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93460,93461,93475,93493,93515,93543],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93462,93463,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93464,366],{"class":151},[50,93466,155],{"class":64},[50,93468,60677],{"class":151},[50,93470,155],{"class":64},[50,93472,2859],{"class":111},[50,93474,1077],{"class":64},[50,93476,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93478,366],{"class":151},[50,93480,155],{"class":64},[50,93482,372],{"class":371},[50,93484,155],{"class":64},[50,93486,60677],{"class":151},[50,93488,155],{"class":64},[50,93490,2859],{"class":111},[50,93492,389],{"class":64},[50,93494,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,93496,366],{"class":151},[50,93498,155],{"class":64},[50,93500,372],{"class":371},[50,93502,155],{"class":64},[50,93504,60677],{"class":151},[50,93506,155],{"class":64},[50,93508,422],{"class":111},[50,93510,78],{"class":64},[50,93512,7073],{"class":111},[50,93514,389],{"class":64},[50,93516,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,93518,366],{"class":151},[50,93520,155],{"class":64},[50,93522,372],{"class":371},[50,93524,155],{"class":64},[50,93526,60677],{"class":151},[50,93528,155],{"class":64},[50,93530,1868],{"class":111},[50,93532,78],{"class":64},[50,93534,4556],{"class":111},[50,93536,78],{"class":64},[50,93538,2946],{"class":60},[50,93540,422],{"class":111},[50,93542,389],{"class":64},[50,93544,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,93546,366],{"class":151},[50,93548,155],{"class":64},[50,93550,3945],{"class":371},[50,93552,155],{"class":64},[50,93554,60677],{"class":151},[50,93556,155],{"class":64},[50,93558,2859],{"class":111},[50,93560,389],{"class":64},[20,93562,26699],{},[233,93564,93565,93568,93571],{},[236,93566,93567],{},"what values are being created",[236,93569,93570],{},"whether the direction is correct",[236,93572,93573,93574,25310],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93575,60677],{},[36,93577,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,93579,2569,93581,93583],{"id":93580},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93582,36875],{}," include the last number?",[20,93585,93586],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1112,93588,5871,93590,93592,93593,2582],{"id":93589},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93591,91521],{}," start at ",[15,93594,2842],{},[20,93596,93597,93598,838],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93599,2842],{},[1112,93601,5883,93603,93605],{"id":93602},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93604,36875],{}," count backward?",[20,93607,93608,93609,838],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93610,93611],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1112,93613,15605,93615,26734],{"id":93614},"is-range-a-list",[15,93616,36875],{},[20,93618,26737,93619,93621,93622,24631],{},[15,93620,60677],{}," object. Use ",[15,93623,93624],{},"list(range(...))",[1112,93626,5871,93628,49360],{"id":93627},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93629,93630],{},"range(input())",[20,93632,93633,4208,93635,838],{},[15,93634,3681],{},[15,93636,93637],{},"int(input())",[36,93639,2610],{"id":2609},[233,93641,93642,93646,93652,93658,93664],{},[236,93643,93644],{},[335,93645,36706],{"href":36705},[236,93647,93648],{},[335,93649,13,93650,2551],{"href":43034},[15,93651,43037],{},[236,93653,93654],{},[335,93655,13,93656,2551],{"href":2548},[15,93657,2453],{},[236,93659,93660],{},[335,93661,38196,93662,37285],{"href":37281},[15,93663,2453],{},[236,93665,93666],{},[335,93667,51200,93668],{"href":51199},[15,93669,51203],{},[2640,93671,93672],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":93674},[93675,93676,93678,93684,93692,93699,93701,93713,93714,93726],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":91530,"depth":101,"text":93677},"What range() does",{"id":91623,"depth":101,"text":93679,"children":93680},"range() syntax",[93681,93682,93683],{"id":91703,"depth":127,"text":91706},{"id":91767,"depth":127,"text":91770},{"id":91835,"depth":127,"text":91838},{"id":91906,"depth":101,"text":91907,"children":93685},[93686,93687,93688,93689,93690],{"id":91913,"depth":127,"text":91521},{"id":91976,"depth":127,"text":91979},{"id":92040,"depth":127,"text":92043},{"id":92116,"depth":127,"text":92117},{"id":77486,"depth":127,"text":93691},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92275,"depth":101,"text":93693,"children":93694},"Using range() in a for loop",[93695,93696,93697],{"id":92377,"depth":127,"text":92378},{"id":92422,"depth":127,"text":92423},{"id":92502,"depth":127,"text":93698},"range() and indexing",{"id":92776,"depth":101,"text":93700},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":93702},[93703,93704,93706,93707,93709,93711],{"id":92958,"depth":127,"text":92959},{"id":93054,"depth":127,"text":93705},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93120,"depth":127,"text":93121},{"id":93255,"depth":127,"text":93708},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93312,"depth":127,"text":93710},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93346,"depth":127,"text":93712},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93450,"depth":101,"text":93451},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":93715},[93716,93718,93720,93722,93724],{"id":93580,"depth":127,"text":93717},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93589,"depth":127,"text":93719},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93602,"depth":127,"text":93721},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93614,"depth":127,"text":93723},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93627,"depth":127,"text":93725},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91424,"description":93727},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93734,"title":93735,"body":93736,"description":95409,"extension":2687,"meta":95410,"navigation":130,"path":95411,"seo":95412,"stem":95413,"__hash__":95414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93737,"toc":95382},[93738,93747,93754,93771,93787,93789,93838,93846,93850,93853,93873,93875,93939,93941,93984,93987,94033,94035,94068,94078,94084,94092,94109,94111,94142,94144,94169,94174,94185,94188,94258,94260,94291,94296,94301,94318,94320,94371,94373,94406,94409,94416,94421,94425,94441,94443,94487,94489,94535,94538,94551,94556,94560,94574,94576,94627,94629,94662,94667,94669,94676,94678,94701,94703,94768,94770,94787,94790,94823,94825,94853,94863,94870,94874,94877,94895,94898,94926,94929,94947,94952,94958,94961,94983,94985,95013,95015,95018,95043,95046,95159,95161,95240,95242,95248,95253,95261,95269,95273,95276,95278,95311,95313,95321,95327,95334,95341,95344,95346,95379],[10,93739,13,93741,11286,93743,93746],{"id":93740},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93742,36875],{},[15,93744,93745],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93748,93749,827,93751,93753],{},[15,93750,36875],{},[15,93752,93745],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[233,93755,93756,93764],{},[236,93757,93758,93760,93761],{},[15,93759,36875],{}," creates a ",[4465,93762,93763],{},"range object",[236,93765,93766,93760,93768],{},[15,93767,93745],{},[4465,93769,93770],{},"real list",[20,93772,93773,93774,93776,93777,93780,93781,93783,93784,93786],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93775,91521],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93778,93779],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93782,36875],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93785,93745],{}," when you actually need a list.",[36,93788,4331],{"id":4330},[41,93790,93792],{"className":43,"code":93791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93793,93794,93808,93821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93795,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93797,302],{"class":56},[50,93799,61],{"class":60},[50,93801,54748],{"class":151},[50,93803,155],{"class":64},[50,93805,2859],{"class":111},[50,93807,186],{"class":64},[50,93809,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93811,366],{"class":151},[50,93813,155],{"class":64},[50,93815,381],{"class":158},[50,93817,4382],{"class":64},[50,93819,93820],{"class":4385},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[50,93822,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,93824,366],{"class":151},[50,93826,155],{"class":64},[50,93828,372],{"class":371},[50,93830,155],{"class":64},[50,93832,381],{"class":158},[50,93834,6075],{"class":64},[50,93836,93837],{"class":4385},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93839,221,93840,93842,93843,93845],{},[15,93841,36875],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93844,93745],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[36,93847,93849],{"id":93848},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93851,93852],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[233,93854,93855,93862,93867,93870],{},[236,93856,93857,22673,93859,93861],{},[15,93858,36875],{},[4465,93860,93763],{},", not a list",[236,93863,93864,93866],{},[15,93865,93745],{}," converts that range object into a list",[236,93868,93869],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[236,93871,93872],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93874,2931],{},[41,93876,93878],{"className":43,"code":93877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93879,93880,93895,93914,93918,93928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93881,93882,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93883,93884],{"class":56},"r ",[50,93886,61],{"class":60},[50,93888,54748],{"class":151},[50,93890,155],{"class":64},[50,93892,2859],{"class":111},[50,93894,186],{"class":64},[50,93896,93897,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93898,93899],{"class":56},"lst ",[50,93901,61],{"class":60},[50,93903,1191],{"class":371},[50,93905,155],{"class":64},[50,93907,60677],{"class":151},[50,93909,155],{"class":64},[50,93911,2859],{"class":111},[50,93913,1077],{"class":64},[50,93915,93916],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,93917,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,93919,93920,93922,93924,93926],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,93921,366],{"class":151},[50,93923,155],{"class":64},[50,93925,61184],{"class":158},[50,93927,186],{"class":64},[50,93929,93930,93932,93934,93937],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,93931,366],{"class":151},[50,93933,155],{"class":64},[50,93935,93936],{"class":158},"lst",[50,93938,186],{"class":64},[20,93940,189],{},[41,93942,93944],{"className":43,"code":93943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93945,93946,93960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93947,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93949,60677],{"class":151},[50,93951,155],{"class":64},[50,93953,2842],{"class":111},[50,93955,78],{"class":64},[50,93957,5325],{"class":111},[50,93959,186],{"class":64},[50,93961,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,93963,4620],{"class":64},[50,93965,2842],{"class":111},[50,93967,78],{"class":64},[50,93969,6212],{"class":111},[50,93971,78],{"class":64},[50,93973,314],{"class":111},[50,93975,78],{"class":64},[50,93977,319],{"class":111},[50,93979,78],{"class":64},[50,93981,3181],{"class":111},[50,93983,98],{"class":64},[20,93985,93986],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[41,93988,93990],{"className":43,"code":93989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93991,93992,94010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93993,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93995,366],{"class":151},[50,93997,155],{"class":64},[50,93999,3945],{"class":371},[50,94001,155],{"class":64},[50,94003,60677],{"class":151},[50,94005,155],{"class":64},[50,94007,2859],{"class":111},[50,94009,389],{"class":64},[50,94011,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94013,366],{"class":151},[50,94015,155],{"class":64},[50,94017,3945],{"class":371},[50,94019,155],{"class":64},[50,94021,372],{"class":371},[50,94023,155],{"class":64},[50,94025,60677],{"class":151},[50,94027,155],{"class":64},[50,94029,2859],{"class":111},[50,94031,94032],{"class":64},"))))\n",[20,94034,189],{},[41,94036,94038],{"className":43,"code":94037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,94039,94040,94054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94041,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94043,4014],{"class":60},[50,94045,4017],{"class":752},[50,94047,408],{"class":68},[50,94049,60677],{"class":72},[50,94051,413],{"class":68},[50,94053,4026],{"class":60},[50,94055,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94057,4014],{"class":60},[50,94059,4017],{"class":752},[50,94061,408],{"class":68},[50,94063,372],{"class":72},[50,94065,413],{"class":68},[50,94067,4026],{"class":60},[20,94069,94070,94071,94073,94074,838],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,94072,36875],{}," works, see ",[335,94075,13,94076,2551],{"href":93729},[15,94077,36875],{},[36,94079,228,94081,94083],{"id":94080},"what-range-gives-you",[15,94082,36875],{}," gives you",[20,94085,94086,94088,94089,94091],{},[15,94087,36875],{}," is most often used in ",[15,94090,33],{}," loops.",[233,94093,94094,94097,94100,94103],{},[236,94095,94096],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[236,94098,94099],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[236,94101,94102],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[236,94104,94105,94106],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,94107,94108],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,94110,2931],{},[41,94112,94114],{"className":43,"code":94113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,94115,94116,94132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94117,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94119,33],{"class":137},[50,94121,70225],{"class":56},[50,94123,148],{"class":137},[50,94125,54748],{"class":151},[50,94127,155],{"class":64},[50,94129,2859],{"class":111},[50,94131,167],{"class":64},[50,94133,94134,94136,94138,94140],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94135,173],{"class":151},[50,94137,155],{"class":64},[50,94139,36831],{"class":158},[50,94141,186],{"class":64},[20,94143,189],{},[41,94145,94147],{"className":43,"code":94146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,94148,94149,94153,94157,94161,94165],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94150,94151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94152,47927],{"class":111},[50,94154,94155],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94156,47592],{"class":111},[50,94158,94159],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94160,17756],{"class":111},[50,94162,94163],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94164,47292],{"class":111},[50,94166,94167],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,94168,49326],{"class":111},[20,94170,21469,94171,94173],{},[15,94172,91521],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,94175,94176,94177,94179,94180,838],{},"This is one reason ",[15,94178,36875],{}," is so common with ",[335,94181,13,94183,91552],{"href":94182},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,94184,33],{},[20,94186,94187],{},"You can also inspect it:",[41,94189,94191],{"className":43,"code":94190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94192,94193,94215,94219,94229,94243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94194,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94196,93884],{"class":56},[50,94198,61],{"class":60},[50,94200,54748],{"class":151},[50,94202,155],{"class":64},[50,94204,422],{"class":111},[50,94206,78],{"class":64},[50,94208,6717],{"class":111},[50,94210,78],{"class":64},[50,94212,314],{"class":111},[50,94214,186],{"class":64},[50,94216,94217],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94218,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,94220,94221,94223,94225,94227],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94222,366],{"class":151},[50,94224,155],{"class":64},[50,94226,61184],{"class":158},[50,94228,186],{"class":64},[50,94230,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94232,366],{"class":151},[50,94234,155],{"class":64},[50,94236,1060],{"class":151},[50,94238,155],{"class":64},[50,94240,61184],{"class":158},[50,94242,1077],{"class":64},[50,94244,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253,94256],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,94246,366],{"class":151},[50,94248,155],{"class":64},[50,94250,81267],{"class":111},[50,94252,21872],{"class":137},[50,94254,94255],{"class":158}," r",[50,94257,186],{"class":64},[20,94259,189],{},[41,94261,94263],{"className":43,"code":94262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94264,94265,94283,94287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94266,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94268,60677],{"class":151},[50,94270,155],{"class":64},[50,94272,422],{"class":111},[50,94274,78],{"class":64},[50,94276,6717],{"class":111},[50,94278,78],{"class":64},[50,94280,314],{"class":111},[50,94282,186],{"class":64},[50,94284,94285],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94286,49326],{"class":111},[50,94288,94289],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94290,1962],{"class":1806},[36,94292,228,94294,94083],{"id":94293},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94295,93745],{},[20,94297,94298,94300],{},[15,94299,93745],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[233,94302,94303,94306,94309,94312],{},[236,94304,94305],{},"It creates all values at once",[236,94307,94308],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[236,94310,94311],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[236,94313,94314,94315,94317],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94316,36875],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94319,2931],{},[41,94321,94323],{"className":43,"code":94322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94324,94325,94343,94347,94357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94326,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94328,302],{"class":56},[50,94330,61],{"class":60},[50,94332,1191],{"class":371},[50,94334,155],{"class":64},[50,94336,60677],{"class":151},[50,94338,155],{"class":64},[50,94340,2859],{"class":111},[50,94342,1077],{"class":64},[50,94344,94345],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94346,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,94348,94349,94351,94353,94355],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94350,366],{"class":151},[50,94352,155],{"class":64},[50,94354,381],{"class":158},[50,94356,186],{"class":64},[50,94358,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94360,366],{"class":151},[50,94362,155],{"class":64},[50,94364,381],{"class":158},[50,94366,4620],{"class":64},[50,94368,422],{"class":111},[50,94370,2210],{"class":64},[20,94372,189],{},[41,94374,94376],{"className":43,"code":94375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94377,94378,94402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398,94400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94381,4620],{"class":64},[50,94383,2842],{"class":111},[50,94385,78],{"class":64},[50,94387,6212],{"class":111},[50,94389,78],{"class":64},[50,94391,314],{"class":111},[50,94393,78],{"class":64},[50,94395,319],{"class":111},[50,94397,78],{"class":64},[50,94399,3181],{"class":111},[50,94401,98],{"class":64},[50,94403,94404],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94405,17756],{"class":111},[20,94407,94408],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94410,94411,94412,838],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[335,94413,13,94414,2551],{"href":65525},[15,94415,25474],{},[36,94417,5681,94419],{"id":94418},"when-to-use-range",[15,94420,36875],{},[20,94422,221,94423,11302],{},[15,94424,36875],{},[233,94426,94427,94432,94435,94438],{},[236,94428,94429,94430,92281],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94431,33],{},[236,94433,94434],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[236,94436,94437],{},"You are working with large sequences",[236,94439,94440],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94442,2931],{},[41,94444,94446],{"className":43,"code":94445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94447,94448,94468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94449,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94451,33],{"class":137},[50,94453,70225],{"class":56},[50,94455,148],{"class":137},[50,94457,54748],{"class":151},[50,94459,155],{"class":64},[50,94461,309],{"class":111},[50,94463,78],{"class":64},[50,94465,38321],{"class":111},[50,94467,167],{"class":64},[50,94469,94470,94472,94474,94476,94479,94481,94483,94485],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94471,173],{"class":151},[50,94473,155],{"class":64},[50,94475,69],{"class":68},[50,94477,94478],{"class":72},"Count:",[50,94480,69],{"class":68},[50,94482,78],{"class":64},[50,94484,36806],{"class":158},[50,94486,186],{"class":64},[20,94488,189],{},[41,94490,94492],{"className":43,"code":94491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94493,94494,94503,94511,94519,94527],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94495,94496,94499,94501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94497,94498],{"class":56},"Count",[50,94500,1408],{"class":64},[50,94502,30304],{"class":111},[50,94504,94505,94507,94509],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94506,94498],{"class":56},[50,94508,1408],{"class":64},[50,94510,1092],{"class":111},[50,94512,94513,94515,94517],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94514,94498],{"class":56},[50,94516,1408],{"class":64},[50,94518,3299],{"class":111},[50,94520,94521,94523,94525],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94522,94498],{"class":56},[50,94524,1408],{"class":64},[50,94526,24356],{"class":111},[50,94528,94529,94531,94533],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,94530,94498],{"class":56},[50,94532,1408],{"class":64},[50,94534,35527],{"class":111},[20,94536,94537],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94539,94540,94541,94543,94544,62967,94546,838],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94542,2453],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94545,37276],{},[335,94547,37282,94549,37285],{"href":94548},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94550,2453],{},[36,94552,5681,94554],{"id":94553},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94555,93745],{},[20,94557,221,94558,11302],{},[15,94559,93745],{},[233,94561,94562,94565,94568,94571],{},[236,94563,94564],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[236,94566,94567],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[236,94569,94570],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[236,94572,94573],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94575,2931],{},[41,94577,94579],{"className":43,"code":94578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94580,94581,94599,94613,94617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94582,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94584,302],{"class":56},[50,94586,61],{"class":60},[50,94588,1191],{"class":371},[50,94590,155],{"class":64},[50,94592,60677],{"class":151},[50,94594,155],{"class":64},[50,94596,2859],{"class":111},[50,94598,1077],{"class":64},[50,94600,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94602,381],{"class":56},[50,94604,838],{"class":64},[50,94606,14254],{"class":158},[50,94608,155],{"class":64},[50,94610,2859],{"class":111},[50,94612,186],{"class":64},[50,94614,94615],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94616,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,94618,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94620,366],{"class":151},[50,94622,155],{"class":64},[50,94624,381],{"class":158},[50,94626,186],{"class":64},[20,94628,189],{},[41,94630,94632],{"className":43,"code":94631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94633,94634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94635,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94637,4620],{"class":64},[50,94639,2842],{"class":111},[50,94641,78],{"class":64},[50,94643,6212],{"class":111},[50,94645,78],{"class":64},[50,94647,314],{"class":111},[50,94649,78],{"class":64},[50,94651,319],{"class":111},[50,94653,78],{"class":64},[50,94655,3181],{"class":111},[50,94657,78],{"class":64},[50,94659,5325],{"class":111},[50,94661,98],{"class":64},[20,94663,6773,94664,94666],{},[15,94665,381],{}," is a list.",[36,94668,16299],{"id":16298},[20,94670,94671,94673,94674,838],{},[15,94672,36875],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[4465,94675,38275],{},[20,94677,2829],{},[233,94679,94680,94682,94687,94692,94695],{},[236,94681,22683],{},[236,94683,94684,94685],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94686,43037],{},[236,94688,94689,94690],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94691,148],{},[236,94693,94694],{},"You can index it",[236,94696,94697,94698,94700],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94699,53330],{}," do not work on it",[20,94702,2931],{},[41,94704,94706],{"className":43,"code":94705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94707,94708,94722,94726,94740,94754],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94709,94710,94712,94714,94716,94718,94720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94711,93884],{"class":56},[50,94713,61],{"class":60},[50,94715,54748],{"class":151},[50,94717,155],{"class":64},[50,94719,2859],{"class":111},[50,94721,186],{"class":64},[50,94723,94724],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94725,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,94727,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94729,366],{"class":151},[50,94731,155],{"class":64},[50,94733,61184],{"class":158},[50,94735,4620],{"class":64},[50,94737,422],{"class":111},[50,94739,2210],{"class":64},[50,94741,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,94743,366],{"class":151},[50,94745,155],{"class":64},[50,94747,1060],{"class":151},[50,94749,155],{"class":64},[50,94751,61184],{"class":158},[50,94753,1077],{"class":64},[50,94755,94756,94758,94760,94762,94764,94766],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,94757,366],{"class":151},[50,94759,155],{"class":64},[50,94761,437],{"class":111},[50,94763,21872],{"class":137},[50,94765,94255],{"class":158},[50,94767,186],{"class":64},[20,94769,189],{},[41,94771,94773],{"className":43,"code":94772,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94774,94775,94779,94783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94776,94777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94778,17756],{"class":111},[50,94780,94781],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94782,3670],{"class":111},[50,94784,94785],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,94786,1962],{"class":1806},[20,94788,94789],{},"Now compare that with this:",[41,94791,94793],{"className":43,"code":94792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94794,94795,94809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94796,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94798,93884],{"class":56},[50,94800,61],{"class":60},[50,94802,54748],{"class":151},[50,94804,155],{"class":64},[50,94806,2859],{"class":111},[50,94808,186],{"class":64},[50,94810,94811,94813,94815,94817,94819,94821],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,94812,61184],{"class":56},[50,94814,838],{"class":64},[50,94816,14254],{"class":158},[50,94818,155],{"class":64},[50,94820,2859],{"class":111},[50,94822,186],{"class":64},[20,94824,189],{},[41,94826,94828],{"className":43,"code":94827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94829,94830],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94831,94832,94834,94836,94838,94840,94842,94844,94847,94849,94851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94833,26362],{"class":371},[50,94835,1408],{"class":64},[50,94837,408],{"class":68},[50,94839,60677],{"class":72},[50,94841,413],{"class":68},[50,94843,25310],{"class":371},[50,94845,94846],{"class":56}," has no attribute ",[50,94848,413],{"class":68},[50,94850,14254],{"class":72},[50,94852,30389],{"class":68},[20,94854,94855,94856,2912,94858,2916,94860,94862],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94857,53330],{},[15,94859,56207],{},[15,94861,64991],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94864,94865,94866,838],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[335,94867,26370,94868],{"href":36105},[15,94869,34940],{},[36,94871,94873],{"id":94872},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94875,94876],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[41,94878,94879],{"className":43,"code":93355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94880,94881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94884,366],{"class":151},[50,94886,155],{"class":64},[50,94888,60677],{"class":151},[50,94890,155],{"class":64},[50,94892,2859],{"class":111},[50,94894,1077],{"class":64},[20,94896,94897],{},"to show:",[41,94899,94900],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94901,94902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94903,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94905,4620],{"class":64},[50,94907,2842],{"class":111},[50,94909,78],{"class":64},[50,94911,6212],{"class":111},[50,94913,78],{"class":64},[50,94915,314],{"class":111},[50,94917,78],{"class":64},[50,94919,319],{"class":111},[50,94921,78],{"class":64},[50,94923,3181],{"class":111},[50,94925,98],{"class":64},[20,94927,94928],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[41,94930,94931],{"className":43,"code":93376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94932,94933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94934,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94936,60677],{"class":151},[50,94938,155],{"class":64},[50,94940,2842],{"class":111},[50,94942,78],{"class":64},[50,94944,5325],{"class":111},[50,94946,186],{"class":64},[20,94948,5348,94949,94951],{},[4465,94950,5351],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94953,94954,94955,94957],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[4465,94956,93763],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94959,94960],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[41,94962,94963],{"className":43,"code":91714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94964,94965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94966,94967,94969,94971,94973,94975,94977,94979,94981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94968,366],{"class":151},[50,94970,155],{"class":64},[50,94972,372],{"class":371},[50,94974,155],{"class":64},[50,94976,60677],{"class":151},[50,94978,155],{"class":64},[50,94980,2859],{"class":111},[50,94982,389],{"class":64},[20,94984,189],{},[41,94986,94987],{"className":43,"code":60700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94988,94989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94990,94991,94993,94995,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009,95011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94992,4620],{"class":64},[50,94994,2842],{"class":111},[50,94996,78],{"class":64},[50,94998,6212],{"class":111},[50,95000,78],{"class":64},[50,95002,314],{"class":111},[50,95004,78],{"class":64},[50,95006,319],{"class":111},[50,95008,78],{"class":64},[50,95010,3181],{"class":111},[50,95012,98],{"class":64},[36,95014,3553],{"id":3552},[20,95016,95017],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[233,95019,95020,95026,95029,95035],{},[236,95021,2447,95022,95025],{},[15,95023,95024],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[236,95027,95028],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[236,95030,95031,95032,95034],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,95033,36875],{}," is iterable but not a list",[236,95036,2447,95037,95039,95040,95042],{},[15,95038,93745],{}," when plain ",[15,95041,36875],{}," would be simpler",[20,95044,95045],{},"These quick checks can help:",[41,95047,95049],{"className":43,"code":95048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,95050,95051,95065,95083,95101,95123,95141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95052,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95054,366],{"class":151},[50,95056,155],{"class":64},[50,95058,60677],{"class":151},[50,95060,155],{"class":64},[50,95062,2859],{"class":111},[50,95064,1077],{"class":64},[50,95066,95067,95069,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95068,366],{"class":151},[50,95070,155],{"class":64},[50,95072,372],{"class":371},[50,95074,155],{"class":64},[50,95076,60677],{"class":151},[50,95078,155],{"class":64},[50,95080,2859],{"class":111},[50,95082,389],{"class":64},[50,95084,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95086,366],{"class":151},[50,95088,155],{"class":64},[50,95090,3945],{"class":371},[50,95092,155],{"class":64},[50,95094,60677],{"class":151},[50,95096,155],{"class":64},[50,95098,2859],{"class":111},[50,95100,389],{"class":64},[50,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,95104,366],{"class":151},[50,95106,155],{"class":64},[50,95108,3945],{"class":371},[50,95110,155],{"class":64},[50,95112,372],{"class":371},[50,95114,155],{"class":64},[50,95116,60677],{"class":151},[50,95118,155],{"class":64},[50,95120,2859],{"class":111},[50,95122,94032],{"class":64},[50,95124,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135,95137,95139],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,95126,366],{"class":151},[50,95128,155],{"class":64},[50,95130,437],{"class":111},[50,95132,21872],{"class":137},[50,95134,54748],{"class":151},[50,95136,155],{"class":64},[50,95138,2859],{"class":111},[50,95140,1077],{"class":64},[50,95142,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153,95155,95157],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,95144,366],{"class":151},[50,95146,155],{"class":64},[50,95148,1060],{"class":151},[50,95150,155],{"class":64},[50,95152,60677],{"class":151},[50,95154,155],{"class":64},[50,95156,2859],{"class":111},[50,95158,389],{"class":64},[20,95160,189],{},[41,95162,95164],{"className":43,"code":95163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,95165,95166,95180,95204,95218,95232,95236],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95167,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95169,60677],{"class":151},[50,95171,155],{"class":64},[50,95173,2842],{"class":111},[50,95175,78],{"class":64},[50,95177,5325],{"class":111},[50,95179,186],{"class":64},[50,95181,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95183,4620],{"class":64},[50,95185,2842],{"class":111},[50,95187,78],{"class":64},[50,95189,6212],{"class":111},[50,95191,78],{"class":64},[50,95193,314],{"class":111},[50,95195,78],{"class":64},[50,95197,319],{"class":111},[50,95199,78],{"class":64},[50,95201,3181],{"class":111},[50,95203,98],{"class":64},[50,95205,95206,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95207,4014],{"class":60},[50,95209,4017],{"class":752},[50,95211,408],{"class":68},[50,95213,60677],{"class":72},[50,95215,413],{"class":68},[50,95217,4026],{"class":60},[50,95219,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,95221,4014],{"class":60},[50,95223,4017],{"class":752},[50,95225,408],{"class":68},[50,95227,372],{"class":72},[50,95229,413],{"class":68},[50,95231,4026],{"class":60},[50,95233,95234],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,95235,1962],{"class":1806},[50,95237,95238],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,95239,3670],{"class":111},[36,95241,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,95243,15605,95245,95247],{"id":95244},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95246,36875],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95249,47041,95250,95252],{},[15,95251,36875],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1112,95254,95256,95257,11794,95259,2582],{"id":95255},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95258,36875],{},[15,95260,93745],{},[20,95262,95263,95265,95266,95268],{},[15,95264,36875],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95267,93745],{}," creates a full list.",[1112,95270,95272],{"id":95271},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95274,95275],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95277,2931],{},[41,95279,95281],{"className":43,"code":95280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95282,95283,95297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95284,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95286,93884],{"class":56},[50,95288,61],{"class":60},[50,95290,54748],{"class":151},[50,95292,155],{"class":64},[50,95294,2859],{"class":111},[50,95296,186],{"class":64},[50,95298,95299,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95300,366],{"class":151},[50,95302,155],{"class":64},[50,95304,61184],{"class":158},[50,95306,4620],{"class":64},[50,95308,309],{"class":111},[50,95310,2210],{"class":64},[20,95312,189],{},[41,95314,95315],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95316,95317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95318,95319],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95320,47592],{"class":111},[1112,95322,5871,95324,95326],{"id":95323},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95325,95024],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95328,95329,95330,95333],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95331,95332],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1112,95335,95337,95338,95340],{"id":95336},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95339,36875],{}," to a list?",[20,95342,95343],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[36,95345,2610],{"id":2609},[233,95347,95348,95354,95360,95367,95373],{},[236,95349,95350],{},[335,95351,13,95352,2551],{"href":93729},[15,95353,36875],{},[236,95355,95356],{},[335,95357,13,95358,2551],{"href":65525},[15,95359,25474],{},[236,95361,95362],{},[335,95363,13,95364,95366],{"href":94182},[15,95365,33],{}," loops explained",[236,95368,95369],{},[335,95370,38196,95371,37285],{"href":94548},[15,95372,2453],{},[236,95374,95375],{},[335,95376,26813,95377],{"href":36105},[15,95378,34940],{},[2640,95380,95381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":95383},[95384,95385,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95395,95396,95397,95408],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":93848,"depth":101,"text":93849},{"id":94080,"depth":101,"text":95387},"What range() gives you",{"id":94293,"depth":101,"text":95389},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94418,"depth":101,"text":95391},"When to use range()",{"id":94553,"depth":101,"text":95393},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16298,"depth":101,"text":16299},{"id":94872,"depth":101,"text":94873},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":95398},[95399,95401,95403,95404,95406],{"id":95244,"depth":127,"text":95400},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95255,"depth":127,"text":95402},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95271,"depth":127,"text":95272},{"id":95323,"depth":127,"text":95405},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95336,"depth":127,"text":95407},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93735,"description":95409},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95416,"title":95417,"body":95418,"description":96854,"extension":2687,"meta":96855,"navigation":130,"path":96856,"seo":96857,"stem":96858,"__hash__":96859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95419,"toc":96820},[95420,95426,95431,95434,95448,95451,95453,95492,95494,95507,95515,95520,95536,95539,95541,95543,95564,95581,95584,95643,95645,95664,95669,95675,95678,95712,95714,95727,95730,95775,95777,95800,95807,95813,95816,95857,95859,95873,95876,95934,95936,95951,95964,95970,95976,96041,96043,96062,96064,96082,96085,96089,96095,96097,96130,96132,96145,96155,96158,96219,96221,96242,96245,96247,96263,96268,96272,96277,96282,96338,96340,96358,96361,96406,96408,96416,96421,96425,96439,96441,96473,96475,96484,96486,96490,96499,96502,96534,96536,96548,96551,96555,96560,96601,96603,96611,96614,96637,96641,96643,96652,96655,96708,96710,96719,96723,96728,96739,96741,96750,96753,96759,96762,96768,96778,96786,96793,96795,96817],[10,95421,13,95423,18],{"id":95422},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95424,95425],{},"round()",[20,95427,9835,95428,95430],{},[15,95429,95425],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95432,95433],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[233,95435,95436,95442],{},[236,95437,95438,95441],{},[15,95439,95440],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[236,95443,95444,95447],{},[15,95445,95446],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95449,95450],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[36,95452,39],{"id":38},[41,95454,95456],{"className":43,"code":95455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95457,95458,95474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95459,95460,95462,95464,95467,95469,95472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95461,366],{"class":151},[50,95463,155],{"class":64},[50,95465,95466],{"class":151},"round",[50,95468,155],{"class":64},[50,95470,95471],{"class":111},"3.14159",[50,95473,1077],{"class":64},[50,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95477,366],{"class":151},[50,95479,155],{"class":64},[50,95481,95466],{"class":151},[50,95483,155],{"class":64},[50,95485,95471],{"class":111},[50,95487,78],{"class":64},[50,95489,314],{"class":111},[50,95491,1077],{"class":64},[20,95493,189],{},[41,95495,95497],{"className":43,"code":95496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95498,95499,95503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95500,95501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95502,47292],{"class":111},[50,95504,95505],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95506,40854],{"class":111},[20,95508,221,95509,95511,95512,95514],{},[15,95510,95440],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95513,95446],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[36,95516,228,95518,231],{"id":95517},"what-round-does",[15,95519,95425],{},[233,95521,95522,95527,95530,95533],{},[236,95523,95524,95526],{},[15,95525,95425],{}," is a built-in Python function",[236,95528,95529],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[236,95531,95532],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[236,95534,95535],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95537,95538],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[36,95540,256],{"id":255},[20,95542,2882],{},[41,95544,95546],{"className":43,"code":95545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95547,95548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95549,95550,95552,95554,95556,95559,95562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95551,95466],{"class":151},[50,95553,155],{"class":64},[50,95555,2964],{"class":158},[50,95557,95558],{"class":64},"[,",[50,95560,95561],{"class":158}," ndigits",[50,95563,2210],{"class":64},[233,95565,95566,95571,95576],{},[236,95567,95568,95570],{},[15,95569,2964],{}," is the value to round",[236,95572,95573,20737],{},[15,95574,95575],{},"ndigits",[236,95577,95578,95580],{},[15,95579,95575],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95582,95583],{},"Basic examples:",[41,95585,95587],{"className":43,"code":95586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95588,95589,95604,95622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95590,95591,95593,95595,95597,95599,95602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95592,366],{"class":151},[50,95594,155],{"class":64},[50,95596,95466],{"class":151},[50,95598,155],{"class":64},[50,95600,95601],{"class":111},"7.8",[50,95603,1077],{"class":64},[50,95605,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95607,366],{"class":151},[50,95609,155],{"class":64},[50,95611,95466],{"class":151},[50,95613,155],{"class":64},[50,95615,95601],{"class":111},[50,95617,78],{"class":64},[50,95619,6212],{"class":111},[50,95621,1077],{"class":64},[50,95623,95624,95626,95628,95630,95632,95635,95637,95639,95641],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95625,366],{"class":151},[50,95627,155],{"class":64},[50,95629,95466],{"class":151},[50,95631,155],{"class":64},[50,95633,95634],{"class":111},"1234",[50,95636,78],{"class":64},[50,95638,2946],{"class":60},[50,95640,422],{"class":111},[50,95642,1077],{"class":64},[20,95644,189],{},[41,95646,95648],{"className":43,"code":95647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95649,95650,95654,95659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95651,95652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95653,3105],{"class":111},[50,95655,95656],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95657,95658],{"class":111},"7.8\n",[50,95660,95661],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95662,95663],{"class":111},"1200\n",[20,95665,95666,95667,838],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[335,95668,3144],{"href":3143},[36,95670,2447,95672,95674],{"id":95671},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95673,95425],{}," with one argument",[20,95676,95677],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[41,95679,95681],{"className":43,"code":95680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95682,95683,95697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95684,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95686,366],{"class":151},[50,95688,155],{"class":64},[50,95690,95466],{"class":151},[50,95692,155],{"class":64},[50,95694,3086],{"class":111},[50,95696,1077],{"class":64},[50,95698,95699,95701,95703,95705,95707,95710],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95700,366],{"class":151},[50,95702,155],{"class":64},[50,95704,95466],{"class":151},[50,95706,155],{"class":64},[50,95708,95709],{"class":111},"4.8",[50,95711,1077],{"class":64},[20,95713,189],{},[41,95715,95717],{"className":43,"code":95716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n5\n",[15,95718,95719,95723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95720,95721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95722,49326],{"class":111},[50,95724,95725],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95726,3670],{"class":111},[20,95728,95729],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[41,95731,95733],{"className":43,"code":95732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95734,95735,95751,95761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95736,95737,95739,95741,95744,95746,95749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95738,2954],{"class":56},[50,95740,61],{"class":60},[50,95742,95743],{"class":151}," round",[50,95745,155],{"class":64},[50,95747,95748],{"class":111},"10.2",[50,95750,186],{"class":64},[50,95752,95753,95755,95757,95759],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95754,366],{"class":151},[50,95756,155],{"class":64},[50,95758,2989],{"class":158},[50,95760,186],{"class":64},[50,95762,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95764,366],{"class":151},[50,95766,155],{"class":64},[50,95768,3945],{"class":371},[50,95770,155],{"class":64},[50,95772,2989],{"class":158},[50,95774,1077],{"class":64},[20,95776,189],{},[41,95778,95780],{"className":43,"code":95779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95781,95782,95786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95783,95784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95785,3100],{"class":111},[50,95787,95788,95790,95792,95794,95796,95798],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95789,4014],{"class":60},[50,95791,4017],{"class":752},[50,95793,408],{"class":68},[50,95795,2911],{"class":72},[50,95797,413],{"class":68},[50,95799,4026],{"class":60},[20,95801,95802,95803,838],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[335,95804,13,95805,2551],{"href":3598},[15,95806,3601],{},[36,95808,2447,95810,95812],{"id":95809},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95811,95425],{}," with decimal places",[20,95814,95815],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[41,95817,95819],{"className":43,"code":95818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95820,95821,95839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95822,95823,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95824,366],{"class":151},[50,95826,155],{"class":64},[50,95828,95466],{"class":151},[50,95830,155],{"class":64},[50,95832,95471],{"class":111},[50,95834,78],{"class":64},[50,95836,314],{"class":111},[50,95838,1077],{"class":64},[50,95840,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849,95851,95853,95855],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95842,366],{"class":151},[50,95844,155],{"class":64},[50,95846,95466],{"class":151},[50,95848,155],{"class":64},[50,95850,95471],{"class":111},[50,95852,78],{"class":64},[50,95854,319],{"class":111},[50,95856,1077],{"class":64},[20,95858,189],{},[41,95860,95862],{"className":43,"code":95861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95863,95864,95868],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95865,95866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95867,40854],{"class":111},[50,95869,95870],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95871,95872],{"class":111},"3.142\n",[20,95874,95875],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[41,95877,95879],{"className":43,"code":95878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95880,95881,95890,95909,95913,95923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95882,95883,95885,95887],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95884,41064],{"class":56},[50,95886,61],{"class":60},[50,95888,95889],{"class":111}," 19.9876\n",[50,95891,95892,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95893,95894],{"class":56},"rounded_price ",[50,95896,61],{"class":60},[50,95898,95743],{"class":151},[50,95900,155],{"class":64},[50,95902,2097],{"class":158},[50,95904,78],{"class":64},[50,95906,314],{"class":111},[50,95908,186],{"class":64},[50,95910,95911],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,95912,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,95914,95915,95917,95919,95921],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,95916,366],{"class":151},[50,95918,155],{"class":64},[50,95920,2097],{"class":158},[50,95922,186],{"class":64},[50,95924,95925,95927,95929,95932],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,95926,366],{"class":151},[50,95928,155],{"class":64},[50,95930,95931],{"class":158},"rounded_price",[50,95933,186],{"class":64},[20,95935,189],{},[41,95937,95939],{"className":43,"code":95938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95940,95941,95946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95942,95943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95944,95945],{"class":111},"19.9876\n",[50,95947,95948],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,95949,95950],{"class":111},"19.99\n",[20,95952,95953,95954,95957,95958,3602,95960,838],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95955,95956],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[335,95959,41569],{"href":41568},[335,95961,13,95962,2551],{"href":3605},[15,95963,3608],{},[36,95965,95967,95968],{"id":95966},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95969,95575],{},[20,95971,95972,95973,95975],{},"A negative ",[15,95974,95575],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[41,95977,95979],{"className":43,"code":95978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95980,95981,96001,96021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95982,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95984,366],{"class":151},[50,95986,155],{"class":64},[50,95988,95466],{"class":151},[50,95990,155],{"class":64},[50,95992,95634],{"class":111},[50,95994,78],{"class":64},[50,95996,2946],{"class":60},[50,95998,309],{"class":111},[50,96000,1077],{"class":64},[50,96002,96003,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96004,366],{"class":151},[50,96006,155],{"class":64},[50,96008,95466],{"class":151},[50,96010,155],{"class":64},[50,96012,95634],{"class":111},[50,96014,78],{"class":64},[50,96016,2946],{"class":60},[50,96018,422],{"class":111},[50,96020,1077],{"class":64},[50,96022,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037,96039],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96024,366],{"class":151},[50,96026,155],{"class":64},[50,96028,95466],{"class":151},[50,96030,155],{"class":64},[50,96032,95634],{"class":111},[50,96034,78],{"class":64},[50,96036,2946],{"class":60},[50,96038,437],{"class":111},[50,96040,1077],{"class":64},[20,96042,189],{},[41,96044,96046],{"className":43,"code":96045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,96047,96048,96053,96057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96049,96050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96051,96052],{"class":111},"1230\n",[50,96054,96055],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96056,95663],{"class":111},[50,96058,96059],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96060,96061],{"class":111},"1000\n",[20,96063,66262],{},[233,96065,96066,96071,96077],{},[236,96067,96068,96070],{},[15,96069,66532],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[236,96072,96073,96076],{},[15,96074,96075],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[236,96078,96079,96081],{},[15,96080,48346],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,96083,96084],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[36,96086,96088],{"id":96087},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,96090,96091,96092,838],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,96093,96094],{},".5",[20,96096,6186],{},[41,96098,96100],{"className":43,"code":96099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,96101,96102,96116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96105,366],{"class":151},[50,96107,155],{"class":64},[50,96109,95466],{"class":151},[50,96111,155],{"class":64},[50,96113,41834],{"class":111},[50,96115,1077],{"class":64},[50,96117,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96119,366],{"class":151},[50,96121,155],{"class":64},[50,96123,95466],{"class":151},[50,96125,155],{"class":64},[50,96127,2764],{"class":111},[50,96129,1077],{"class":64},[20,96131,189],{},[41,96133,96135],{"className":43,"code":96134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n4\n",[15,96136,96137,96141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96138,96139],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96140,17756],{"class":111},[50,96142,96143],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96144,49326],{"class":111},[20,96146,96147,96148,96151,96152,96154],{},"Python uses ",[4465,96149,96150],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,96153,96094],{}," situations.",[20,96156,96157],{},"More examples:",[41,96159,96161],{"className":43,"code":96160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,96162,96163,96177,96191,96205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96164,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96166,366],{"class":151},[50,96168,155],{"class":64},[50,96170,95466],{"class":151},[50,96172,155],{"class":64},[50,96174,41847],{"class":111},[50,96176,1077],{"class":64},[50,96178,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96180,366],{"class":151},[50,96182,155],{"class":64},[50,96184,95466],{"class":151},[50,96186,155],{"class":64},[50,96188,41834],{"class":111},[50,96190,1077],{"class":64},[50,96192,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96194,366],{"class":151},[50,96196,155],{"class":64},[50,96198,95466],{"class":151},[50,96200,155],{"class":64},[50,96202,2764],{"class":111},[50,96204,1077],{"class":64},[50,96206,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96208,366],{"class":151},[50,96210,155],{"class":64},[50,96212,95466],{"class":151},[50,96214,155],{"class":64},[50,96216,41799],{"class":111},[50,96218,1077],{"class":64},[20,96220,189],{},[41,96222,96224],{"className":43,"code":96223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96225,96226,96230,96234,96238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96227,96228],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96229,17756],{"class":111},[50,96231,96232],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96233,17756],{"class":111},[50,96235,96236],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96237,49326],{"class":111},[50,96239,96240],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96241,49326],{"class":111},[20,96243,96244],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96246,11414],{},[233,96248,96249,96256],{},[236,96250,96251,2856,96254],{},[15,96252,96253],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96255,422],{},[236,96257,96258,2856,96261],{},[15,96259,96260],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96262,1089],{},[20,96264,3892,96265,96267],{},[15,96266,96094],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[36,96269,96271],{"id":96270},"return-values","Return values",[20,96273,96274,96276],{},[15,96275,95425],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96278,41583,96279,96281],{},[4465,96280,5351],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[41,96283,96285],{"className":43,"code":96284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96286,96287,96296,96300,96310,96328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96288,96289,96291,96293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96290,3171],{"class":56},[50,96292,61],{"class":60},[50,96294,96295],{"class":111}," 3.14159\n",[50,96297,96298],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96299,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,96301,96302,96304,96306,96308],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96303,366],{"class":151},[50,96305,155],{"class":64},[50,96307,3197],{"class":158},[50,96309,186],{"class":64},[50,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96313,366],{"class":151},[50,96315,155],{"class":64},[50,96317,95466],{"class":151},[50,96319,155],{"class":64},[50,96321,3197],{"class":158},[50,96323,78],{"class":64},[50,96325,314],{"class":111},[50,96327,1077],{"class":64},[50,96329,96330,96332,96334,96336],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,96331,366],{"class":151},[50,96333,155],{"class":64},[50,96335,3197],{"class":158},[50,96337,186],{"class":64},[20,96339,189],{},[41,96341,96343],{"className":43,"code":96342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96344,96345,96350,96354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96346,96347],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96348,96349],{"class":111},"3.14159\n",[50,96351,96352],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96353,40854],{"class":111},[50,96355,96356],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96357,96349],{"class":111},[20,96359,96360],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[41,96362,96364],{"className":43,"code":96363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96365,96366,96374,96392,96396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96367,96368,96370,96372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96369,3171],{"class":56},[50,96371,61],{"class":60},[50,96373,96295],{"class":111},[50,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96377,3171],{"class":56},[50,96379,61],{"class":60},[50,96381,95743],{"class":151},[50,96383,155],{"class":64},[50,96385,3197],{"class":158},[50,96387,78],{"class":64},[50,96389,314],{"class":111},[50,96391,186],{"class":64},[50,96393,96394],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96395,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,96397,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96399,366],{"class":151},[50,96401,155],{"class":64},[50,96403,3197],{"class":158},[50,96405,186],{"class":64},[20,96407,189],{},[41,96409,96410],{"className":43,"code":40854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96411,96412],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96413,96414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96415,40854],{"class":111},[36,96417,5681,96419],{"id":96418},"when-to-use-round",[15,96420,95425],{},[20,96422,221,96423,7031],{},[15,96424,95425],{},[233,96426,96427,96430,96433,96436],{},[236,96428,96429],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[236,96431,96432],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[236,96434,96435],{},"Round values before reporting results",[236,96437,96438],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96440,6186],{},[41,96442,96444],{"className":43,"code":96443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96445,96446,96455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96447,96448,96450,96452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96449,3318],{"class":56},[50,96451,61],{"class":60},[50,96453,96454],{"class":111}," 12.67891\n",[50,96456,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96458,366],{"class":151},[50,96460,155],{"class":64},[50,96462,95466],{"class":151},[50,96464,155],{"class":64},[50,96466,3341],{"class":158},[50,96468,78],{"class":64},[50,96470,314],{"class":111},[50,96472,1077],{"class":64},[20,96474,189],{},[41,96476,96478],{"className":43,"code":96477,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"12.68\n",[15,96479,96480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96481,96482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96483,96477],{"class":111},[36,96485,3553],{"id":3552},[20,96487,23788,96488,838],{},[15,96489,95425],{},[1112,96491,2120,96493,96495,96496,96498],{"id":96492},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96494,95425],{}," to always round ",[15,96497,96094],{}," upward",[20,96500,96501],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[41,96503,96504],{"className":43,"code":96099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96505,96506,96520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96507,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96509,366],{"class":151},[50,96511,155],{"class":64},[50,96513,95466],{"class":151},[50,96515,155],{"class":64},[50,96517,41834],{"class":111},[50,96519,1077],{"class":64},[50,96521,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96523,366],{"class":151},[50,96525,155],{"class":64},[50,96527,95466],{"class":151},[50,96529,155],{"class":64},[50,96531,2764],{"class":111},[50,96533,1077],{"class":64},[20,96535,189],{},[41,96537,96538],{"className":43,"code":96134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96539,96540,96544],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96541,96542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96543,17756],{"class":111},[50,96545,96546],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96547,49326],{"class":111},[20,96549,96550],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1112,96552,96554],{"id":96553},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96556,96557,96559],{},[15,96558,95425],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[41,96561,96563],{"className":43,"code":96562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96564,96565,96573,96587,96591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96566,96567,96569,96571],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96568,3171],{"class":56},[50,96570,61],{"class":60},[50,96572,96295],{"class":111},[50,96574,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96576,95466],{"class":151},[50,96578,155],{"class":64},[50,96580,3197],{"class":158},[50,96582,78],{"class":64},[50,96584,314],{"class":111},[50,96586,186],{"class":64},[50,96588,96589],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96590,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,96592,96593,96595,96597,96599],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96594,366],{"class":151},[50,96596,155],{"class":64},[50,96598,3197],{"class":158},[50,96600,186],{"class":64},[20,96602,189],{},[41,96604,96605],{"className":43,"code":96349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96606,96607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96608,96609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96610,96349],{"class":111},[20,96612,96613],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[41,96615,96617],{"className":43,"code":96616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96618,96619],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96620,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96622,3171],{"class":56},[50,96624,61],{"class":60},[50,96626,95743],{"class":151},[50,96628,155],{"class":64},[50,96630,3197],{"class":158},[50,96632,78],{"class":64},[50,96634,314],{"class":111},[50,96636,186],{"class":64},[1112,96638,96640],{"id":96639},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96642,17101],{},[41,96644,96646],{"className":43,"code":96645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96647,96648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96649,96650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96651,96645],{"class":4385},[20,96653,96654],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[41,96656,96658],{"className":43,"code":96657,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96659,96660,96672,96686,96690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96661,96662,96664,96666,96668,96670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96663,35372],{"class":56},[50,96665,61],{"class":60},[50,96667,81],{"class":68},[50,96669,40820],{"class":72},[50,96671,4082],{"class":68},[50,96673,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96675,2941],{"class":56},[50,96677,61],{"class":60},[50,96679,40932],{"class":371},[50,96681,155],{"class":64},[50,96683,35393],{"class":158},[50,96685,186],{"class":64},[50,96687,96688],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96689,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,96691,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,96693,366],{"class":151},[50,96695,155],{"class":64},[50,96697,95466],{"class":151},[50,96699,155],{"class":64},[50,96701,2964],{"class":158},[50,96703,78],{"class":64},[50,96705,6212],{"class":111},[50,96707,1077],{"class":64},[20,96709,189],{},[41,96711,96713],{"className":43,"code":96712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.1\n",[15,96714,96715],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96716,96717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96718,96712],{"class":111},[1112,96720,96722],{"id":96721},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96724,96725,96727],{},[15,96726,95425],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96729,96730,96731,3602,96735,838],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[335,96732,96733],{"href":3605},[15,96734,3608],{},[335,96736,96737],{"href":3598},[15,96738,3601],{},[36,96740,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,96742,2569,96744,96746,96747,96749],{"id":96743},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96745,95425],{}," always round ",[15,96748,40891],{}," up?",[20,96751,96752],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1112,96754,2569,96756,96758],{"id":96755},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96757,95425],{}," change the original number?",[20,96760,96761],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1112,96763,5883,96765,96767],{"id":96764},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96766,95425],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96769,96770,96771,96773,96774,3602,96776,838],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96772,95575],{}," value like ",[15,96775,66532],{},[15,96777,96075],{},[1112,96779,29019,96781,96783,96784,2582],{"id":96780},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96782,95425],{}," on a string like ",[15,96785,48770],{},[20,96787,96788,96789,3602,96791,838],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96790,3608],{},[15,96792,3601],{},[36,96794,2610],{"id":2609},[233,96796,96797,96803,96809,96813],{},[236,96798,96799],{},[335,96800,13,96801,2551],{"href":3605},[15,96802,3608],{},[236,96804,96805],{},[335,96806,13,96807,2551],{"href":3598},[15,96808,3601],{},[236,96810,96811],{},[335,96812,3144],{"href":3143},[236,96814,96815],{},[335,96816,42857],{"href":41568},[2640,96818,96819],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":96821},[96822,96823,96825,96826,96828,96830,96832,96833,96834,96836,96843,96853],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":95517,"depth":101,"text":96824},"What round() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":95671,"depth":101,"text":96827},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95809,"depth":101,"text":96829},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95966,"depth":101,"text":96831},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":96087,"depth":101,"text":96088},{"id":96270,"depth":101,"text":96271},{"id":96418,"depth":101,"text":96835},"When to use round()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":96837},[96838,96840,96841,96842],{"id":96492,"depth":127,"text":96839},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96553,"depth":127,"text":96554},{"id":96639,"depth":127,"text":96640},{"id":96721,"depth":127,"text":96722},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":96844},[96845,96847,96849,96851],{"id":96743,"depth":127,"text":96846},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96755,"depth":127,"text":96848},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96764,"depth":127,"text":96850},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96780,"depth":127,"text":96852},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95417,"description":96854},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96861,"title":96862,"body":96863,"description":98048,"extension":2687,"meta":98049,"navigation":130,"path":98050,"seo":98051,"stem":98052,"__hash__":98053},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96864,"toc":98022},[96865,96872,96878,96881,96883,96932,96936,96961,96966,96971,96976,96990,97001,97003,97022,97024,97040,97043,97054,97056,97058,97119,97123,97156,97163,97170,97173,97206,97209,97213,97216,97269,97273,97294,97300,97307,97314,97375,97383,97460,97464,97476,97485,97487,97493,97499,97503,97556,97559,97617,97621,97629,97632,97636,97639,97649,97651,97748,97751,97762,97765,97808,97812,97836,97839,97845,97847,97851,97876,97878,97945,97954,97956,97962,97967,97971,97974,97978,97985,97989,97994,97996,98013,98019],[10,96866,96868,96869,12024],{"id":96867},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96870,96871],{},"add()",[20,96873,96874,96877],{},[15,96875,96876],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96879,96880],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[36,96882,39],{"id":38},[41,96884,96886],{"className":43,"code":96885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96887,96888,96908,96922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96891,302],{"class":56},[50,96893,61],{"class":60},[50,96895,11191],{"class":64},[50,96897,309],{"class":111},[50,96899,78],{"class":64},[50,96901,314],{"class":111},[50,96903,78],{"class":64},[50,96905,319],{"class":111},[50,96907,1445],{"class":64},[50,96909,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,96911,381],{"class":56},[50,96913,838],{"class":64},[50,96915,82775],{"class":158},[50,96917,155],{"class":64},[50,96919,1089],{"class":111},[50,96921,186],{"class":64},[50,96923,96924,96926,96928,96930],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,96925,366],{"class":151},[50,96927,155],{"class":64},[50,96929,381],{"class":158},[50,96931,186],{"class":64},[20,96933,96934],{},[4465,96935,189],{},[41,96937,96939],{"className":43,"code":96938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96940,96941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96942,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96944,758],{"class":64},[50,96946,309],{"class":111},[50,96948,78],{"class":64},[50,96950,314],{"class":111},[50,96952,78],{"class":64},[50,96954,319],{"class":111},[50,96956,78],{"class":64},[50,96958,3181],{"class":111},[50,96960,1445],{"class":64},[20,96962,221,96963,96965],{},[15,96964,96871],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[36,96967,228,96969,231],{"id":96968},"what-setadd-does",[15,96970,96876],{},[20,96972,96973,96975],{},[15,96974,96876],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[233,96977,96978,96981,96984,96987],{},[236,96979,96980],{},"Adds one item to a set",[236,96982,96983],{},"Changes the original set in place",[236,96985,96986],{},"Does not return a new set",[236,96988,96989],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96991,96992,96993,3602,96997,838],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[335,96994,96996],{"href":96995},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[335,96998,97000],{"href":96999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[36,97002,256],{"id":255},[41,97004,97006],{"className":43,"code":97005,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,97007,97008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97011,16369],{"class":56},[50,97013,838],{"class":64},[50,97015,82775],{"class":158},[50,97017,155],{"class":64},[50,97019,2238],{"class":158},[50,97021,186],{"class":64},[20,97023,12161],{},[233,97025,97026,97031,97034],{},[236,97027,56587,97028,97030],{},[15,97029,96871],{}," on an existing set",[236,97032,97033],{},"Pass exactly one item",[236,97035,97036,97037],{},"The item must be ",[4465,97038,97039],{},"hashable",[20,97041,97042],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[233,97044,97045,97047,97049,97052],{},[236,97046,57140],{},[236,97048,57143],{},[236,97050,97051],{},"Tuples",[236,97053,41272],{},[36,97055,12178],{"id":12177},[20,97057,12181],{},[41,97059,97061],{"className":43,"code":97060,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97062,97063,97087,97105,97109],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97064,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083,97085],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97066,13779],{"class":56},[50,97068,61],{"class":60},[50,97070,11191],{"class":64},[50,97072,69],{"class":68},[50,97074,13796],{"class":72},[50,97076,69],{"class":68},[50,97078,78],{"class":64},[50,97080,81],{"class":68},[50,97082,13813],{"class":72},[50,97084,69],{"class":68},[50,97086,1445],{"class":64},[50,97088,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97090,18201],{"class":56},[50,97092,838],{"class":64},[50,97094,82775],{"class":158},[50,97096,155],{"class":64},[50,97098,69],{"class":68},[50,97100,18154],{"class":72},[50,97102,69],{"class":68},[50,97104,186],{"class":64},[50,97106,97107],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97108,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97110,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97112,366],{"class":151},[50,97114,155],{"class":64},[50,97116,18201],{"class":158},[50,97118,186],{"class":64},[20,97120,97121],{},[4465,97122,30719],{},[41,97124,97126],{"className":43,"code":97125,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,97127,97128],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97129,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97131,758],{"class":64},[50,97133,413],{"class":68},[50,97135,13796],{"class":72},[50,97137,413],{"class":68},[50,97139,78],{"class":64},[50,97141,408],{"class":68},[50,97143,18154],{"class":72},[50,97145,413],{"class":68},[50,97147,78],{"class":64},[50,97149,408],{"class":68},[50,97151,13813],{"class":72},[50,97153,413],{"class":68},[50,97155,1445],{"class":64},[20,97157,97158,97159,97162],{},"The new value ",[15,97160,97161],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,97164,97165,97166,97169],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[4465,97167,97168],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,97171,97172],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[41,97174,97176],{"className":43,"code":97175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,97177,97178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97179,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97181,758],{"class":64},[50,97183,413],{"class":68},[50,97185,13813],{"class":72},[50,97187,413],{"class":68},[50,97189,78],{"class":64},[50,97191,408],{"class":68},[50,97193,13796],{"class":72},[50,97195,413],{"class":68},[50,97197,78],{"class":64},[50,97199,408],{"class":68},[50,97201,18154],{"class":72},[50,97203,413],{"class":68},[50,97205,1445],{"class":64},[20,97207,97208],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[36,97210,97212],{"id":97211},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97214,97215],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[41,97217,97219],{"className":43,"code":97218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97220,97221,97241,97255,97259],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97222,97223,97225,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97224,302],{"class":56},[50,97226,61],{"class":60},[50,97228,11191],{"class":64},[50,97230,309],{"class":111},[50,97232,78],{"class":64},[50,97234,314],{"class":111},[50,97236,78],{"class":64},[50,97238,319],{"class":111},[50,97240,1445],{"class":64},[50,97242,97243,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97244,381],{"class":56},[50,97246,838],{"class":64},[50,97248,82775],{"class":158},[50,97250,155],{"class":64},[50,97252,422],{"class":111},[50,97254,186],{"class":64},[50,97256,97257],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97258,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97260,97261,97263,97265,97267],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97262,366],{"class":151},[50,97264,155],{"class":64},[50,97266,381],{"class":158},[50,97268,186],{"class":64},[20,97270,97271],{},[4465,97272,189],{},[41,97274,97276],{"className":43,"code":97275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97277,97278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97279,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97281,758],{"class":64},[50,97283,309],{"class":111},[50,97285,78],{"class":64},[50,97287,314],{"class":111},[50,97289,78],{"class":64},[50,97291,319],{"class":111},[50,97293,1445],{"class":64},[20,97295,97296,97297,97299],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97298,422],{}," was already present.",[36,97301,97303,11286,97305],{"id":97302},"add-vs-update",[15,97304,96871],{},[15,97306,15656],{},[20,97308,221,97309,97311,97312,838],{},[15,97310,96871],{}," when you want to add ",[4465,97313,53334],{},[41,97315,97317],{"className":43,"code":97316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97318,97319,97343,97361,97365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97320,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97322,326],{"class":56},[50,97324,61],{"class":60},[50,97326,11191],{"class":64},[50,97328,69],{"class":68},[50,97330,335],{"class":72},[50,97332,69],{"class":68},[50,97334,78],{"class":64},[50,97336,81],{"class":68},[50,97338,344],{"class":72},[50,97340,69],{"class":68},[50,97342,1445],{"class":64},[50,97344,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97346,36820],{"class":56},[50,97348,838],{"class":64},[50,97350,82775],{"class":158},[50,97352,155],{"class":64},[50,97354,69],{"class":68},[50,97356,353],{"class":72},[50,97358,69],{"class":68},[50,97360,186],{"class":64},[50,97362,97363],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97364,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97368,366],{"class":151},[50,97370,155],{"class":64},[50,97372,36820],{"class":158},[50,97374,186],{"class":64},[20,97376,221,97377,97311,97379,97382],{},[15,97378,15656],{},[4465,97380,97381],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[41,97384,97386],{"className":43,"code":97385,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97387,97388,97412,97446,97450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97389,97390,97392,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408,97410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97391,326],{"class":56},[50,97393,61],{"class":60},[50,97395,11191],{"class":64},[50,97397,69],{"class":68},[50,97399,335],{"class":72},[50,97401,69],{"class":68},[50,97403,78],{"class":64},[50,97405,81],{"class":68},[50,97407,344],{"class":72},[50,97409,69],{"class":68},[50,97411,1445],{"class":64},[50,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97415,36820],{"class":56},[50,97417,838],{"class":64},[50,97419,31154],{"class":158},[50,97421,2182],{"class":64},[50,97423,69],{"class":68},[50,97425,353],{"class":72},[50,97427,69],{"class":68},[50,97429,78],{"class":64},[50,97431,81],{"class":68},[50,97433,19466],{"class":72},[50,97435,69],{"class":68},[50,97437,78],{"class":64},[50,97439,81],{"class":68},[50,97441,61126],{"class":72},[50,97443,69],{"class":68},[50,97445,2210],{"class":64},[50,97447,97448],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97449,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97453,366],{"class":151},[50,97455,155],{"class":64},[50,97457,36820],{"class":158},[50,97459,186],{"class":64},[1112,97461,97463],{"id":97462},"key-difference","Key difference",[233,97465,97466,97471],{},[236,97467,97468,97470],{},[15,97469,96871],{}," adds one item",[236,97472,97473,97475],{},[15,97474,15656],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97477,97478,97479,838],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[335,97480,97482,97483,11442],{"href":97481},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97484,15656],{},[36,97486,18117],{"id":18116},[20,97488,97489,3121,97491,838],{},[15,97490,96876],{},[15,97492,4501],{},[20,97494,97495,97496,97498],{},"That means you should ",[4465,97497,5351],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1112,97500,97502],{"id":97501},"correct","Correct",[41,97504,97506],{"className":43,"code":97505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97507,97508,97528,97542,97546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97509,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97511,16331],{"class":56},[50,97513,61],{"class":60},[50,97515,11191],{"class":64},[50,97517,309],{"class":111},[50,97519,78],{"class":64},[50,97521,314],{"class":111},[50,97523,78],{"class":64},[50,97525,319],{"class":111},[50,97527,1445],{"class":64},[50,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97531,16369],{"class":56},[50,97533,838],{"class":64},[50,97535,82775],{"class":158},[50,97537,155],{"class":64},[50,97539,1089],{"class":111},[50,97541,186],{"class":64},[50,97543,97544],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97545,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97547,97548,97550,97552,97554],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97549,366],{"class":151},[50,97551,155],{"class":64},[50,97553,16369],{"class":158},[50,97555,186],{"class":64},[1112,97557,97558],{"id":62448},"Wrong",[41,97560,97562],{"className":43,"code":97561,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97563,97564,97584,97603,97607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97567,16331],{"class":56},[50,97569,61],{"class":60},[50,97571,11191],{"class":64},[50,97573,309],{"class":111},[50,97575,78],{"class":64},[50,97577,314],{"class":111},[50,97579,78],{"class":64},[50,97581,319],{"class":111},[50,97583,1445],{"class":64},[50,97585,97586,97588,97590,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97587,16331],{"class":56},[50,97589,61],{"class":60},[50,97591,97592],{"class":56}," my_set",[50,97594,838],{"class":64},[50,97596,82775],{"class":158},[50,97598,155],{"class":64},[50,97600,1089],{"class":111},[50,97602,186],{"class":64},[50,97604,97605],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97606,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97608,97609,97611,97613,97615],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97610,366],{"class":151},[50,97612,155],{"class":64},[50,97614,16369],{"class":158},[50,97616,186],{"class":64},[20,97618,97619],{},[4465,97620,189],{},[41,97622,97623],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,97624,97625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97626,97627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97628,12512],{"class":1806},[20,97630,97631],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[36,97633,97635],{"id":97634},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97637,97638],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[233,97640,97641,97643,97645,97647],{},[236,97642,57140],{},[236,97644,57143],{},[236,97646,97051],{},[236,97648,41272],{},[20,97650,2931],{},[41,97652,97654],{"className":43,"code":97653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97655,97656,97666,97670,97684,97702,97720,97734,97738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97657,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97659,8493],{"class":56},[50,97661,61],{"class":60},[50,97663,16336],{"class":371},[50,97665,9354],{"class":64},[50,97667,97668],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97669,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97673,8522],{"class":56},[50,97675,838],{"class":64},[50,97677,82775],{"class":158},[50,97679,155],{"class":64},[50,97681,1868],{"class":111},[50,97683,186],{"class":64},[50,97685,97686,97688,97690,97692,97694,97696,97698,97700],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97687,8522],{"class":56},[50,97689,838],{"class":64},[50,97691,82775],{"class":158},[50,97693,155],{"class":64},[50,97695,69],{"class":68},[50,97697,4568],{"class":72},[50,97699,69],{"class":68},[50,97701,186],{"class":64},[50,97703,97704,97706,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,97705,8522],{"class":56},[50,97707,838],{"class":64},[50,97709,82775],{"class":158},[50,97711,6225],{"class":64},[50,97713,309],{"class":111},[50,97715,78],{"class":64},[50,97717,314],{"class":111},[50,97719,1077],{"class":64},[50,97721,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,97723,8522],{"class":56},[50,97725,838],{"class":64},[50,97727,82775],{"class":158},[50,97729,155],{"class":64},[50,97731,4326],{"class":1806},[50,97733,186],{"class":64},[50,97735,97736],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,97737,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,97739,97740,97742,97744,97746],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,97741,366],{"class":151},[50,97743,155],{"class":64},[50,97745,8522],{"class":158},[50,97747,186],{"class":64},[20,97749,97750],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[233,97752,97753,97756,97759],{},[236,97754,97755],{},"Lists",[236,97757,97758],{},"Dictionaries",[236,97760,97761],{},"Sets",[20,97763,97764],{},"Example that causes an error:",[41,97766,97768],{"className":43,"code":97767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97769,97770,97790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97771,97772,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784,97786,97788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97773,8493],{"class":56},[50,97775,61],{"class":60},[50,97777,11191],{"class":64},[50,97779,309],{"class":111},[50,97781,78],{"class":64},[50,97783,314],{"class":111},[50,97785,78],{"class":64},[50,97787,319],{"class":111},[50,97789,1445],{"class":64},[50,97791,97792,97794,97796,97798,97800,97802,97804,97806],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97793,8522],{"class":56},[50,97795,838],{"class":64},[50,97797,82775],{"class":158},[50,97799,2182],{"class":64},[50,97801,1089],{"class":111},[50,97803,78],{"class":64},[50,97805,5325],{"class":111},[50,97807,2210],{"class":64},[20,97809,97810],{},[4465,97811,30370],{},[41,97813,97815],{"className":43,"code":97814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97816,97817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97818,97819,97821,97823,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97820,3727],{"class":371},[50,97822,1408],{"class":64},[50,97824,97825],{"class":56}," unhashable ",[50,97827,3945],{"class":371},[50,97829,1408],{"class":64},[50,97831,408],{"class":68},[50,97833,372],{"class":72},[50,97835,30389],{"class":68},[20,97837,97838],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97840,97841,97842,838],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97843,97844],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[36,97846,3553],{"id":3552},[20,97848,15435,97849,1408],{},[15,97850,96876],{},[233,97852,97853,97858,97863,97866,97873],{},[236,97854,2447,97855,97857],{},[15,97856,96871],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[236,97859,2120,97860,97862],{},[15,97861,96871],{}," to return the updated set",[236,97864,97865],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[236,97867,37881,97868,97870,97871],{},[15,97869,96876],{}," with list ",[15,97872,53330],{},[236,97874,97875],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97877,72179],{},[41,97879,97881],{"className":43,"code":97880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97882,97883,97893,97907,97917,97931],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97884,97885,97887,97889,97891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97886,366],{"class":151},[50,97888,155],{"class":64},[50,97890,16369],{"class":158},[50,97892,186],{"class":64},[50,97894,97895,97897,97899,97901,97903,97905],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,97896,366],{"class":151},[50,97898,155],{"class":64},[50,97900,3945],{"class":371},[50,97902,155],{"class":64},[50,97904,16369],{"class":158},[50,97906,1077],{"class":64},[50,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,97910,366],{"class":151},[50,97912,155],{"class":64},[50,97914,3197],{"class":158},[50,97916,186],{"class":64},[50,97918,97919,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,97920,366],{"class":151},[50,97922,155],{"class":64},[50,97924,3945],{"class":371},[50,97926,155],{"class":64},[50,97928,3197],{"class":158},[50,97930,1077],{"class":64},[50,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,97934,32840],{"class":151},[50,97936,155],{"class":64},[50,97938,7000],{"class":371},[50,97940,838],{"class":64},[50,97942,82775],{"class":25443},[50,97944,186],{"class":64},[20,97946,97947,97948,97950,97951,838],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97949,96876],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[335,97952,53727],{"href":97953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[36,97955,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,97957,2569,97959,97961],{"id":97958},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97960,96876],{}," return a new set?",[20,97963,97964,97965,838],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97966,4501],{},[1112,97968,97970],{"id":97969},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97972,97973],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1112,97975,97977],{"id":97976},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97979,221,97980,11794,97983,838],{},[15,97981,97982],{},"set.update()",[15,97984,96871],{},[1112,97986,97988],{"id":97987},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97990,97991,97992,838],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97993,3727],{},[36,97995,2610],{"id":2609},[233,97997,97998,98002,98007],{},[236,97999,98000],{},[335,98001,96996],{"href":96995},[236,98003,98004],{},[335,98005,98006],{"href":96999},"How to create a set in Python",[236,98008,98009],{},[335,98010,97482,98011,11442],{"href":97481},[15,98012,15656],{},[20,98014,98015,98016,98018],{},"Once you understand ",[15,98017,96871],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2640,98020,98021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":98023},[98024,98025,98027,98028,98029,98030,98034,98038,98039,98040,98047],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":96968,"depth":101,"text":98026},"What set.add() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":97211,"depth":101,"text":97212},{"id":97302,"depth":101,"text":98031,"children":98032},"add() vs update()",[98033],{"id":97462,"depth":127,"text":97463},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117,"children":98035},[98036,98037],{"id":97501,"depth":127,"text":97502},{"id":62448,"depth":127,"text":97558},{"id":97634,"depth":101,"text":97635},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":98041},[98042,98044,98045,98046],{"id":97958,"depth":127,"text":98043},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97969,"depth":127,"text":97970},{"id":97976,"depth":127,"text":97977},{"id":97987,"depth":127,"text":97988},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96862,"description":98048},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":98055,"title":98056,"body":98057,"description":99226,"extension":2687,"meta":99227,"navigation":130,"path":99228,"seo":99229,"stem":99230,"__hash__":99231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":98058,"toc":99193},[98059,98064,98070,98077,98122,98124,98135,98140,98145,98149,98163,98168,98170,98172,98187,98189,98203,98205,98207,98272,98274,98284,98286,98304,98310,98317,98322,98396,98398,98415,98421,98426,98497,98499,98526,98543,98546,98552,98554,98561,98565,98632,98634,98649,98652,98705,98707,98715,98727,98729,98733,98738,98740,98789,98791,98799,98801,98846,98848,98858,98864,98872,98885,98891,98893,98922,98924,98942,98946,98949,98980,98982,99000,99004,99079,99081,99097,99104,99106,99111,99116,99122,99125,99129,99137,99144,99152,99154,99190],[10,98060,96868,98062,12024],{"id":98061},"python-set-clear-method",[15,98063,12023],{},[20,98065,98066,98069],{},[15,98067,98068],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,98071,98072,98073,98076],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[4465,98074,98075],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[41,98078,98080],{"className":43,"code":98079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98081,98082,98102,98112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98083,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094,98096,98098,98100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98085,302],{"class":56},[50,98087,61],{"class":60},[50,98089,11191],{"class":64},[50,98091,309],{"class":111},[50,98093,78],{"class":64},[50,98095,314],{"class":111},[50,98097,78],{"class":64},[50,98099,319],{"class":111},[50,98101,1445],{"class":64},[50,98103,98104,98106,98108,98110],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98105,381],{"class":56},[50,98107,838],{"class":64},[50,98109,12085],{"class":158},[50,98111,9354],{"class":64},[50,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98115,366],{"class":151},[50,98117,155],{"class":64},[50,98119,381],{"class":158},[50,98121,186],{"class":64},[20,98123,189],{},[41,98125,98127],{"className":43,"code":98126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n",[15,98128,98129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98130,98131,98133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98132,7000],{"class":371},[50,98134,9354],{"class":64},[20,98136,98137,98139],{},[15,98138,12023],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[36,98141,228,98143,231],{"id":98142},"what-setclear-does",[15,98144,98068],{},[20,98146,2704,98147,12115],{},[15,98148,12023],{},[233,98150,98151,98154,98156,98160],{},[236,98152,98153],{},"Removes every item from a set",[236,98155,96983],{},[236,98157,12126,98158],{},[15,98159,4501],{},[236,98161,98162],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,98164,96992,98165,72278],{},[335,98166,96996],{"href":98167},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[36,98169,256],{"id":255},[20,98171,55125],{},[41,98173,98175],{"className":43,"code":98174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,98176,98177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98180,16369],{"class":56},[50,98182,838],{"class":64},[50,98184,12085],{"class":158},[50,98186,9354],{"class":64},[20,98188,13755],{},[233,98190,98191,98194,98197,98200],{},[236,98192,98193],{},"It takes no arguments",[236,98195,98196],{},"It empties the set",[236,98198,98199],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[236,98201,98202],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[36,98204,12178],{"id":12177},[20,98206,12181],{},[41,98208,98210],{"className":43,"code":98209,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98211,98212,98244,98248,98258,98262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98213,98214,98216,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98215,13779],{"class":56},[50,98217,61],{"class":60},[50,98219,11191],{"class":64},[50,98221,69],{"class":68},[50,98223,13796],{"class":72},[50,98225,69],{"class":68},[50,98227,78],{"class":64},[50,98229,81],{"class":68},[50,98231,18154],{"class":72},[50,98233,69],{"class":68},[50,98235,78],{"class":64},[50,98237,81],{"class":68},[50,98239,13813],{"class":72},[50,98241,69],{"class":68},[50,98243,1445],{"class":64},[50,98245,98246],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98247,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98251,18201],{"class":56},[50,98253,838],{"class":64},[50,98255,12085],{"class":158},[50,98257,9354],{"class":64},[50,98259,98260],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,98261,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98263,98264,98266,98268,98270],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,98265,366],{"class":151},[50,98267,155],{"class":64},[50,98269,18201],{"class":158},[50,98271,186],{"class":64},[20,98273,189],{},[41,98275,98276],{"className":43,"code":98126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98277,98278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98279,98280,98282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98281,7000],{"class":371},[50,98283,9354],{"class":64},[20,98285,12387],{},[233,98287,98288,98293,98298],{},[236,98289,98290,98292],{},[15,98291,18201],{}," starts with three values",[236,98294,98295,12400],{},[15,98296,98297],{},"colors.clear()",[236,98299,98300,98301,98303],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98302,4520],{},", which means an empty set",[36,98305,98307,98309],{"id":98306},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98308,12023],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98311,98312,827,98314,98316],{},[15,98313,12023],{},[15,98315,4520],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1112,98318,2447,98320],{"id":98319},"using-clear",[15,98321,12023],{},[41,98323,98325],{"className":43,"code":98324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98326,98327,98347,98357,98361,98371,98375,98385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98328,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98330,8493],{"class":56},[50,98332,61],{"class":60},[50,98334,11191],{"class":64},[50,98336,309],{"class":111},[50,98338,78],{"class":64},[50,98340,314],{"class":111},[50,98342,78],{"class":64},[50,98344,319],{"class":111},[50,98346,1445],{"class":64},[50,98348,98349,98352,98354],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98350,98351],{"class":56},"other_name ",[50,98353,61],{"class":60},[50,98355,98356],{"class":56}," items\n",[50,98358,98359],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98360,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98362,98363,98365,98367,98369],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,98364,8522],{"class":56},[50,98366,838],{"class":64},[50,98368,12085],{"class":158},[50,98370,9354],{"class":64},[50,98372,98373],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,98374,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98376,98377,98379,98381,98383],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,98378,366],{"class":151},[50,98380,155],{"class":64},[50,98382,8522],{"class":158},[50,98384,186],{"class":64},[50,98386,98387,98389,98391,98394],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,98388,366],{"class":151},[50,98390,155],{"class":64},[50,98392,98393],{"class":158},"other_name",[50,98395,186],{"class":64},[20,98397,189],{},[41,98399,98401],{"className":43,"code":98400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98402,98403,98409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98404,98405,98407],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98406,7000],{"class":371},[50,98408,9354],{"class":64},[50,98410,98411,98413],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98412,7000],{"class":371},[50,98414,9354],{"class":64},[20,98416,98417,98418,838],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[4465,98419,98420],{},"same set object",[1112,98422,2447,98424],{"id":98423},"using-set",[15,98425,4520],{},[41,98427,98429],{"className":43,"code":98428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98430,98431,98451,98459,98463,98473,98477,98487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98432,98433,98435,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98434,8493],{"class":56},[50,98436,61],{"class":60},[50,98438,11191],{"class":64},[50,98440,309],{"class":111},[50,98442,78],{"class":64},[50,98444,314],{"class":111},[50,98446,78],{"class":64},[50,98448,319],{"class":111},[50,98450,1445],{"class":64},[50,98452,98453,98455,98457],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98454,98351],{"class":56},[50,98456,61],{"class":60},[50,98458,98356],{"class":56},[50,98460,98461],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98462,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,98466,8493],{"class":56},[50,98468,61],{"class":60},[50,98470,16336],{"class":371},[50,98472,9354],{"class":64},[50,98474,98475],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,98476,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,98480,366],{"class":151},[50,98482,155],{"class":64},[50,98484,8522],{"class":158},[50,98486,186],{"class":64},[50,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,98490,366],{"class":151},[50,98492,155],{"class":64},[50,98494,98393],{"class":158},[50,98496,186],{"class":64},[20,98498,189],{},[41,98500,98502],{"className":43,"code":98501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98503,98504,98510],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98505,98506,98508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98507,7000],{"class":371},[50,98509,9354],{"class":64},[50,98511,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98513,758],{"class":64},[50,98515,309],{"class":111},[50,98517,78],{"class":64},[50,98519,314],{"class":111},[50,98521,78],{"class":64},[50,98523,319],{"class":111},[50,98525,1445],{"class":64},[20,98527,21469,98528,93760,98531,98534,98535,838,98537,98539,98540,98542],{},[15,98529,98530],{},"items = set()",[4465,98532,98533],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98536,8522],{},[10547,98538],{},"\nBut ",[15,98541,98393],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98544,98545],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98547,98548,98549,838],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[335,98550,97000],{"href":98551},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[36,98553,18117],{"id":18116},[20,98555,98556,14755,98558,98560],{},[15,98557,12023],{},[4465,98559,5351],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98562,5861,98563,838],{},[15,98564,4501],{},[41,98566,98568],{"className":43,"code":98567,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98569,98570,98590,98594,98608,98612,98622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98571,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98573,302],{"class":56},[50,98575,61],{"class":60},[50,98577,11191],{"class":64},[50,98579,309],{"class":111},[50,98581,78],{"class":64},[50,98583,314],{"class":111},[50,98585,78],{"class":64},[50,98587,319],{"class":111},[50,98589,1445],{"class":64},[50,98591,98592],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98593,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98595,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98597,2954],{"class":56},[50,98599,61],{"class":60},[50,98601,4982],{"class":56},[50,98603,838],{"class":64},[50,98605,12085],{"class":158},[50,98607,9354],{"class":64},[50,98609,98610],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,98611,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98613,98614,98616,98618,98620],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,98615,366],{"class":151},[50,98617,155],{"class":64},[50,98619,2989],{"class":158},[50,98621,186],{"class":64},[50,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,98625,366],{"class":151},[50,98627,155],{"class":64},[50,98629,381],{"class":158},[50,98631,186],{"class":64},[20,98633,189],{},[41,98635,98637],{"className":43,"code":98636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\nset()\n",[15,98638,98639,98643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98640,98641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98642,12512],{"class":1806},[50,98644,98645,98647],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98646,7000],{"class":371},[50,98648,9354],{"class":64},[20,98650,98651],{},"Do not do this:",[41,98653,98655],{"className":43,"code":98654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98656,98657,98677,98691,98695],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98658,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98660,302],{"class":56},[50,98662,61],{"class":60},[50,98664,11191],{"class":64},[50,98666,309],{"class":111},[50,98668,78],{"class":64},[50,98670,314],{"class":111},[50,98672,78],{"class":64},[50,98674,319],{"class":111},[50,98676,1445],{"class":64},[50,98678,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98680,302],{"class":56},[50,98682,61],{"class":60},[50,98684,4982],{"class":56},[50,98686,838],{"class":64},[50,98688,12085],{"class":158},[50,98690,9354],{"class":64},[50,98692,98693],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98694,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,98696,98697,98699,98701,98703],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,98698,366],{"class":151},[50,98700,155],{"class":64},[50,98702,381],{"class":158},[50,98704,186],{"class":64},[20,98706,189],{},[41,98708,98709],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98710,98711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98712,98713],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98714,12512],{"class":1806},[20,98716,22887,98717,3121,98719,98721,98722,98724,98725,838],{},[15,98718,55238],{},[15,98720,4501],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98723,4501],{}," back to ",[15,98726,381],{},[36,98728,5238],{"id":5237},[20,98730,11449,98731,838],{},[15,98732,98068],{},[1112,98734,13299,98736],{"id":98735},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98737,12023],{},[20,98739,17344],{},[41,98741,98743],{"className":43,"code":98742,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98744,98745,98765,98779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98746,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98748,16331],{"class":56},[50,98750,61],{"class":60},[50,98752,11191],{"class":64},[50,98754,309],{"class":111},[50,98756,78],{"class":64},[50,98758,314],{"class":111},[50,98760,78],{"class":64},[50,98762,319],{"class":111},[50,98764,1445],{"class":64},[50,98766,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98768,16331],{"class":56},[50,98770,61],{"class":60},[50,98772,97592],{"class":56},[50,98774,838],{"class":64},[50,98776,12085],{"class":158},[50,98778,9354],{"class":64},[50,98780,98781,98783,98785,98787],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98782,366],{"class":151},[50,98784,155],{"class":64},[50,98786,16369],{"class":158},[50,98788,186],{"class":64},[20,98790,189],{},[41,98792,98793],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98794,98795],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98796,98797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98798,12512],{"class":1806},[20,98800,17356],{},[41,98802,98804],{"className":43,"code":98803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98805,98806,98826,98836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98807,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98809,16331],{"class":56},[50,98811,61],{"class":60},[50,98813,11191],{"class":64},[50,98815,309],{"class":111},[50,98817,78],{"class":64},[50,98819,314],{"class":111},[50,98821,78],{"class":64},[50,98823,319],{"class":111},[50,98825,1445],{"class":64},[50,98827,98828,98830,98832,98834],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98829,16369],{"class":56},[50,98831,838],{"class":64},[50,98833,12085],{"class":158},[50,98835,9354],{"class":64},[50,98837,98838,98840,98842,98844],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,98839,366],{"class":151},[50,98841,155],{"class":64},[50,98843,16369],{"class":158},[50,98845,186],{"class":64},[20,98847,189],{},[41,98849,98850],{"className":43,"code":98126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98851,98852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98853,98854,98856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98855,7000],{"class":371},[50,98857,9354],{"class":64},[1112,98859,2120,98861,98863],{"id":98860},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98862,12023],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98865,98866,98868,98869,98871],{},[15,98867,12023],{}," removes ",[4465,98870,4437],{}," items from the set.",[20,98873,98874,98875,3602,98880,838],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[335,98876,98878],{"href":98877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98879,56207],{},[335,98881,98883],{"href":98882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98884,13466],{},[1112,98886,2447,98888,98890],{"id":98887},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98889,4515],{}," for an empty set",[20,98892,26381],{},[41,98894,98896],{"className":43,"code":98895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98897,98898,98907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98899,98900,98903,98905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98901,98902],{"class":56},"empty_value ",[50,98904,61],{"class":60},[50,98906,10539],{"class":64},[50,98908,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98920],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98910,366],{"class":151},[50,98912,155],{"class":64},[50,98914,3945],{"class":371},[50,98916,155],{"class":64},[50,98918,98919],{"class":158},"empty_value",[50,98921,1077],{"class":64},[20,98923,189],{},[41,98925,98926],{"className":43,"code":9520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98927,98928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98929,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98931,4014],{"class":60},[50,98933,4017],{"class":752},[50,98935,408],{"class":68},[50,98937,9533],{"class":72},[50,98939,413],{"class":68},[50,98941,4026],{"class":60},[20,98943,98944,9500],{},[15,98945,4515],{},[20,98947,98948],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[41,98950,98952],{"className":43,"code":98951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98953,98954,98965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98955,98956,98959,98961,98963],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98957,98958],{"class":56},"empty_set ",[50,98960,61],{"class":60},[50,98962,16336],{"class":371},[50,98964,9354],{"class":64},[50,98966,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98978],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,98968,366],{"class":151},[50,98970,155],{"class":64},[50,98972,3945],{"class":371},[50,98974,155],{"class":64},[50,98976,98977],{"class":158},"empty_set",[50,98979,1077],{"class":64},[20,98981,189],{},[41,98983,98984],{"className":43,"code":9564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98985,98986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98987,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98989,4014],{"class":60},[50,98991,4017],{"class":752},[50,98993,408],{"class":68},[50,98995,7000],{"class":72},[50,98997,413],{"class":68},[50,98999,4026],{"class":60},[1112,99001,99003],{"id":99002},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[41,99005,99007],{"className":43,"code":99006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,99008,99009,99033,99041,99045,99055,99059,99069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99010,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99012,1942],{"class":56},[50,99014,61],{"class":60},[50,99016,11191],{"class":64},[50,99018,69],{"class":68},[50,99020,2896],{"class":72},[50,99022,69],{"class":68},[50,99024,78],{"class":64},[50,99026,81],{"class":68},[50,99028,12449],{"class":72},[50,99030,69],{"class":68},[50,99032,1445],{"class":64},[50,99034,99035,99037,99039],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99036,3304],{"class":56},[50,99038,61],{"class":60},[50,99040,36852],{"class":56},[50,99042,99043],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,99044,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,99046,99047,99049,99051,99053],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,99048,335],{"class":56},[50,99050,838],{"class":64},[50,99052,12085],{"class":158},[50,99054,9354],{"class":64},[50,99056,99057],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,99058,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,99060,99061,99063,99065,99067],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,99062,366],{"class":151},[50,99064,155],{"class":64},[50,99066,335],{"class":158},[50,99068,186],{"class":64},[50,99070,99071,99073,99075,99077],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,99072,366],{"class":151},[50,99074,155],{"class":64},[50,99076,344],{"class":158},[50,99078,186],{"class":64},[20,99080,189],{},[41,99082,99083],{"className":43,"code":98400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99084,99085,99091],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99086,99087,99089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99088,7000],{"class":371},[50,99090,9354],{"class":64},[50,99092,99093,99095],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99094,7000],{"class":371},[50,99096,9354],{"class":64},[20,99098,1107,99099,827,99101,99103],{},[15,99100,335],{},[15,99102,344],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[36,99105,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,99107,2559,99109,2562],{"id":99108},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,99110,98068],{},[20,99112,5861,99113,99115],{},[15,99114,4501],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1112,99117,2569,99119,99121],{"id":99118},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,99120,12023],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,99123,99124],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1112,99126,99128],{"id":99127},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,99130,99131,99132,99134,99135,838],{},"You already have one after ",[15,99133,12023],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,99136,4520],{},[1112,99138,5893,99140,827,99142,2582],{"id":99139},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,99141,12023],{},[15,99143,4520],{},[20,99145,99146,99148,99149,99151],{},[15,99147,12023],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,99150,4520],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[36,99153,2610],{"id":2609},[233,99155,99156,99160,99164,99171,99177,99183],{},[236,99157,99158],{},[335,99159,96996],{"href":98167},[236,99161,99162],{},[335,99163,98006],{"href":98551},[236,99165,99166],{},[335,99167,97482,99169,11442],{"href":99168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,99170,96871],{},[236,99172,99173],{},[335,99174,97482,99175,11442],{"href":98877},[15,99176,56207],{},[236,99178,99179],{},[335,99180,97482,99181,11442],{"href":98882},[15,99182,13466],{},[236,99184,99185],{},[335,99186,97482,99188,11442],{"href":99187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99189,15656],{},[2640,99191,99192],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":99194},[99195,99197,99198,99199,99206,99207,99216,99225],{"id":98142,"depth":101,"text":99196},"What set.clear() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":98306,"depth":101,"text":99200,"children":99201},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99202,99204],{"id":98319,"depth":127,"text":99203},"Using clear()",{"id":98423,"depth":127,"text":99205},"Using set()",{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":99208},[99209,99211,99213,99215],{"id":98735,"depth":127,"text":99210},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98860,"depth":127,"text":99212},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98887,"depth":127,"text":99214},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":99002,"depth":127,"text":99003},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":99217},[99218,99220,99222,99223],{"id":99108,"depth":127,"text":99219},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99118,"depth":127,"text":99221},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99127,"depth":127,"text":99128},{"id":99139,"depth":127,"text":99224},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":98056,"description":99226},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99233,"title":99234,"body":99235,"description":101067,"extension":2687,"meta":101068,"navigation":130,"path":96999,"seo":101069,"stem":101070,"__hash__":101071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99236,"toc":101024},[99237,99240,99243,99246,99248,99351,99355,99402,99408,99410,99429,99433,99436,99438,99452,99461,99465,99468,99503,99507,99527,99530,99534,99537,99598,99602,99627,99634,99640,99645,99647,99659,99663,99712,99716,99740,99747,99751,99792,99796,99817,99821,99854,99858,99899,99902,99906,99911,99950,99954,99979,99984,99990,100027,100031,100054,100058,100060,100063,100066,100143,100147,100184,100187,100191,100197,100200,100210,100259,100265,100271,100298,100301,100323,100325,100356,100359,100363,100367,100406,100410,100473,100476,100509,100513,100538,100540,100543,100549,100552,100579,100582,100600,100604,100608,100611,100654,100657,100661,100664,100667,100697,100700,100704,100707,100722,100727,100731,100734,100823,100825,100828,100918,100921,100939,100941,100945,100955,100959,100967,100971,100974,100978,100981,100985,100988,100990,101018,101021],[10,99238,99234],{"id":99239},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99241,99242],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99244,99245],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[36,99247,4331],{"id":4330},[41,99249,99251],{"className":43,"code":99250,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99252,99253,99273,99307,99317,99321,99331,99341],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99254,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99256,302],{"class":56},[50,99258,61],{"class":60},[50,99260,11191],{"class":64},[50,99262,309],{"class":111},[50,99264,78],{"class":64},[50,99266,314],{"class":111},[50,99268,78],{"class":64},[50,99270,319],{"class":111},[50,99272,1445],{"class":64},[50,99274,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99276,4788],{"class":56},[50,99278,61],{"class":60},[50,99280,16336],{"class":371},[50,99282,2182],{"class":64},[50,99284,69],{"class":68},[50,99286,4797],{"class":72},[50,99288,69],{"class":68},[50,99290,78],{"class":64},[50,99292,81],{"class":68},[50,99294,4806],{"class":72},[50,99296,69],{"class":68},[50,99298,78],{"class":64},[50,99300,81],{"class":68},[50,99302,4797],{"class":72},[50,99304,69],{"class":68},[50,99306,2210],{"class":64},[50,99308,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,99310,98958],{"class":56},[50,99312,61],{"class":60},[50,99314,16336],{"class":371},[50,99316,9354],{"class":64},[50,99318,99319],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,99320,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,99322,99323,99325,99327,99329],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,99324,366],{"class":151},[50,99326,155],{"class":64},[50,99328,381],{"class":158},[50,99330,186],{"class":64},[50,99332,99333,99335,99337,99339],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,99334,366],{"class":151},[50,99336,155],{"class":64},[50,99338,4832],{"class":158},[50,99340,186],{"class":64},[50,99342,99343,99345,99347,99349],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,99344,366],{"class":151},[50,99346,155],{"class":64},[50,99348,98977],{"class":158},[50,99350,186],{"class":64},[20,99352,99353],{},[4465,99354,189],{},[41,99356,99358],{"className":43,"code":99357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99359,99360,99376,99396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99361,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99363,758],{"class":64},[50,99365,309],{"class":111},[50,99367,78],{"class":64},[50,99369,314],{"class":111},[50,99371,78],{"class":64},[50,99373,319],{"class":111},[50,99375,1445],{"class":64},[50,99377,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99379,758],{"class":64},[50,99381,413],{"class":68},[50,99383,4806],{"class":72},[50,99385,413],{"class":68},[50,99387,78],{"class":64},[50,99389,408],{"class":68},[50,99391,4797],{"class":72},[50,99393,413],{"class":68},[50,99395,1445],{"class":64},[50,99397,99398,99400],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,99399,7000],{"class":371},[50,99401,9354],{"class":64},[20,99403,99404,99405,99407],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99406,4520],{}," for an empty set.",[36,99409,15865],{"id":15864},[233,99411,99412,99415,99420,99423,99426],{},[236,99413,99414],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[236,99416,99417,99418],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99419,4520],{},[236,99421,99422],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[236,99424,99425],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[236,99427,99428],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[36,99430,99432],{"id":99431},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99434,99435],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99437,31230],{},[233,99439,99440,99443,99446,99449],{},[236,99441,99442],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[236,99444,99445],{},"Sets are unordered",[236,99447,99448],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[236,99450,99451],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99453,99454,99455,3602,99457,838],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[335,99456,96996],{"href":98167},[335,99458,99460],{"href":99459},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[36,99462,99464],{"id":99463},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99466,99467],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[41,99469,99471],{"className":43,"code":99470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99472,99473,99493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99476,302],{"class":56},[50,99478,61],{"class":60},[50,99480,11191],{"class":64},[50,99482,309],{"class":111},[50,99484,78],{"class":64},[50,99486,314],{"class":111},[50,99488,78],{"class":64},[50,99490,319],{"class":111},[50,99492,1445],{"class":64},[50,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99496,366],{"class":151},[50,99498,155],{"class":64},[50,99500,381],{"class":158},[50,99502,186],{"class":64},[20,99504,99505],{},[4465,99506,30719],{},[41,99508,99509],{"className":43,"code":97275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99510,99511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99512,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99514,758],{"class":64},[50,99516,309],{"class":111},[50,99518,78],{"class":64},[50,99520,314],{"class":111},[50,99522,78],{"class":64},[50,99524,319],{"class":111},[50,99526,1445],{"class":64},[20,99528,99529],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1112,99531,99533],{"id":99532},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99535,99536],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[41,99538,99540],{"className":43,"code":99539,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99541,99542,99574,99584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99545,302],{"class":56},[50,99547,61],{"class":60},[50,99549,11191],{"class":64},[50,99551,309],{"class":111},[50,99553,78],{"class":64},[50,99555,314],{"class":111},[50,99557,78],{"class":64},[50,99559,314],{"class":111},[50,99561,78],{"class":64},[50,99563,319],{"class":111},[50,99565,78],{"class":64},[50,99567,319],{"class":111},[50,99569,78],{"class":64},[50,99571,319],{"class":111},[50,99573,1445],{"class":64},[50,99575,99576,99578,99580,99582],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99577,366],{"class":151},[50,99579,155],{"class":64},[50,99581,381],{"class":158},[50,99583,186],{"class":64},[50,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,99587,366],{"class":151},[50,99589,155],{"class":64},[50,99591,1060],{"class":151},[50,99593,155],{"class":64},[50,99595,381],{"class":158},[50,99597,1077],{"class":64},[20,99599,99600],{},[4465,99601,30719],{},[41,99603,99605],{"className":43,"code":99604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99606,99607,99623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99608,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99610,758],{"class":64},[50,99612,309],{"class":111},[50,99614,78],{"class":64},[50,99616,314],{"class":111},[50,99618,78],{"class":64},[50,99620,319],{"class":111},[50,99622,1445],{"class":64},[50,99624,99625],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99626,47292],{"class":111},[20,99628,21676,99629,827,99631,99633],{},[15,99630,422],{},[15,99632,437],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[36,99635,99637,99638],{"id":99636},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99639,4520],{},[20,99641,221,99642,99644],{},[15,99643,4520],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99646,6171],{},[233,99648,99649,99651,99653,99655],{},[236,99650,97755],{},[236,99652,97051],{},[236,99654,57143],{},[236,99656,99657],{},[15,99658,36875],{},[1112,99660,99662],{"id":99661},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[41,99664,99666],{"className":43,"code":99665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99667,99668,99702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99669,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99671,302],{"class":56},[50,99673,61],{"class":60},[50,99675,16336],{"class":371},[50,99677,2182],{"class":64},[50,99679,309],{"class":111},[50,99681,78],{"class":64},[50,99683,314],{"class":111},[50,99685,78],{"class":64},[50,99687,314],{"class":111},[50,99689,78],{"class":64},[50,99691,319],{"class":111},[50,99693,78],{"class":64},[50,99695,319],{"class":111},[50,99697,78],{"class":64},[50,99699,3181],{"class":111},[50,99701,2210],{"class":64},[50,99703,99704,99706,99708,99710],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99705,366],{"class":151},[50,99707,155],{"class":64},[50,99709,381],{"class":158},[50,99711,186],{"class":64},[20,99713,99714],{},[4465,99715,30719],{},[41,99717,99718],{"className":43,"code":96938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99719,99720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99721,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99723,758],{"class":64},[50,99725,309],{"class":111},[50,99727,78],{"class":64},[50,99729,314],{"class":111},[50,99731,78],{"class":64},[50,99733,319],{"class":111},[50,99735,78],{"class":64},[50,99737,3181],{"class":111},[50,99739,1445],{"class":64},[20,99741,99742,99743,838],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[335,99744,99746],{"href":99745},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1112,99748,99750],{"id":99749},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[41,99752,99754],{"className":43,"code":99753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99755,99756,99782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99757,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99759,1321],{"class":56},[50,99761,61],{"class":60},[50,99763,16336],{"class":371},[50,99765,6225],{"class":64},[50,99767,1868],{"class":111},[50,99769,78],{"class":64},[50,99771,1873],{"class":111},[50,99773,78],{"class":64},[50,99775,1873],{"class":111},[50,99777,78],{"class":64},[50,99779,1878],{"class":111},[50,99781,1077],{"class":64},[50,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99785,366],{"class":151},[50,99787,155],{"class":64},[50,99789,6072],{"class":158},[50,99791,186],{"class":64},[20,99793,99794],{},[4465,99795,30719],{},[41,99797,99799],{"className":43,"code":99798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99800,99801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99802,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99804,758],{"class":64},[50,99806,1868],{"class":111},[50,99808,78],{"class":64},[50,99810,1873],{"class":111},[50,99812,78],{"class":64},[50,99814,1878],{"class":111},[50,99816,1445],{"class":64},[1112,99818,99820],{"id":99819},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[41,99822,99824],{"className":43,"code":99823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99825,99826,99844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99829,326],{"class":56},[50,99831,61],{"class":60},[50,99833,16336],{"class":371},[50,99835,155],{"class":64},[50,99837,69],{"class":68},[50,99839,4568],{"class":72},[50,99841,69],{"class":68},[50,99843,186],{"class":64},[50,99845,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99847,366],{"class":151},[50,99849,155],{"class":64},[50,99851,36820],{"class":158},[50,99853,186],{"class":64},[20,99855,99856],{},[4465,99857,30719],{},[41,99859,99861],{"className":43,"code":99860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99862,99863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99864,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99866,758],{"class":64},[50,99868,413],{"class":68},[50,99870,61117],{"class":72},[50,99872,413],{"class":68},[50,99874,78],{"class":64},[50,99876,408],{"class":68},[50,99878,61126],{"class":72},[50,99880,413],{"class":68},[50,99882,78],{"class":64},[50,99884,408],{"class":68},[50,99886,61135],{"class":72},[50,99888,413],{"class":68},[50,99890,78],{"class":64},[50,99892,408],{"class":68},[50,99894,61152],{"class":72},[50,99896,413],{"class":68},[50,99898,1445],{"class":64},[20,99900,99901],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[36,99903,99905],{"id":99904},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99907,99908,99909,838],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99910,4520],{},[41,99912,99914],{"className":43,"code":99913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99915,99916,99926,99936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99917,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99919,98958],{"class":56},[50,99921,61],{"class":60},[50,99923,16336],{"class":371},[50,99925,9354],{"class":64},[50,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99929,366],{"class":151},[50,99931,155],{"class":64},[50,99933,98977],{"class":158},[50,99935,186],{"class":64},[50,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,99939,366],{"class":151},[50,99941,155],{"class":64},[50,99943,3945],{"class":371},[50,99945,155],{"class":64},[50,99947,98977],{"class":158},[50,99949,1077],{"class":64},[20,99951,99952],{},[4465,99953,189],{},[41,99955,99957],{"className":43,"code":99956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99958,99959,99965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99960,99961,99963],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99962,7000],{"class":371},[50,99964,9354],{"class":64},[50,99966,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,99968,4014],{"class":60},[50,99970,4017],{"class":752},[50,99972,408],{"class":68},[50,99974,7000],{"class":72},[50,99976,413],{"class":68},[50,99978,4026],{"class":60},[1112,99980,45106,99982],{"id":99981},"do-not-use",[15,99983,4515],{},[20,99985,99986,99987,99989],{},"Empty braces do ",[4465,99988,5351],{}," create a set.",[41,99991,99993],{"className":43,"code":99992,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99994,99995,100003,100013],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99996,99997,99999,100001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99998,98902],{"class":56},[50,100000,61],{"class":60},[50,100002,10539],{"class":64},[50,100004,100005,100007,100009,100011],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100006,366],{"class":151},[50,100008,155],{"class":64},[50,100010,98919],{"class":158},[50,100012,186],{"class":64},[50,100014,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,100016,366],{"class":151},[50,100018,155],{"class":64},[50,100020,3945],{"class":371},[50,100022,155],{"class":64},[50,100024,98919],{"class":158},[50,100026,1077],{"class":64},[20,100028,100029],{},[4465,100030,189],{},[41,100032,100034],{"className":43,"code":100033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,100035,100036,100040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100037,100038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100039,10136],{"class":64},[50,100041,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100043,4014],{"class":60},[50,100045,4017],{"class":752},[50,100047,408],{"class":68},[50,100049,9533],{"class":72},[50,100051,413],{"class":68},[50,100053,4026],{"class":60},[20,100055,100056,9500],{},[15,100057,4515],{},[36,100059,72942],{"id":72941},[20,100061,100062],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,100064,100065],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[41,100067,100069],{"className":43,"code":100068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,100070,100071,100119,100129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100072,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100074,4788],{"class":56},[50,100076,61],{"class":60},[50,100078,11191],{"class":64},[50,100080,69],{"class":68},[50,100082,4797],{"class":72},[50,100084,69],{"class":68},[50,100086,78],{"class":64},[50,100088,81],{"class":68},[50,100090,4806],{"class":72},[50,100092,69],{"class":68},[50,100094,78],{"class":64},[50,100096,81],{"class":68},[50,100098,4797],{"class":72},[50,100100,69],{"class":68},[50,100102,78],{"class":64},[50,100104,81],{"class":68},[50,100106,4797],{"class":72},[50,100108,69],{"class":68},[50,100110,78],{"class":64},[50,100112,81],{"class":68},[50,100114,33905],{"class":72},[50,100116,69],{"class":68},[50,100118,1445],{"class":64},[50,100120,100121,100123,100125,100127],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100122,366],{"class":151},[50,100124,155],{"class":64},[50,100126,4832],{"class":158},[50,100128,186],{"class":64},[50,100130,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139,100141],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,100132,366],{"class":151},[50,100134,155],{"class":64},[50,100136,1060],{"class":151},[50,100138,155],{"class":64},[50,100140,4832],{"class":158},[50,100142,1077],{"class":64},[20,100144,100145],{},[4465,100146,30719],{},[41,100148,100150],{"className":43,"code":100149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,100151,100152,100180],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100153,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100155,758],{"class":64},[50,100157,413],{"class":68},[50,100159,4806],{"class":72},[50,100161,413],{"class":68},[50,100163,78],{"class":64},[50,100165,408],{"class":68},[50,100167,33905],{"class":72},[50,100169,413],{"class":68},[50,100171,78],{"class":64},[50,100173,408],{"class":68},[50,100175,4797],{"class":72},[50,100177,413],{"class":68},[50,100179,1445],{"class":64},[50,100181,100182],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100183,47292],{"class":111},[20,100185,100186],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[36,100188,100190],{"id":100189},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100192,100193,100194,100196],{},"Set items must be ",[4465,100195,97039],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100198,100199],{},"These usually work:",[233,100201,100202,100204,100206,100208],{},[236,100203,57140],{},[236,100205,57143],{},[236,100207,97051],{},[236,100209,41272],{},[41,100211,100213],{"className":43,"code":100212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100214,100215,100249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100216,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100218,1321],{"class":56},[50,100220,61],{"class":60},[50,100222,11191],{"class":64},[50,100224,309],{"class":111},[50,100226,78],{"class":64},[50,100228,81],{"class":68},[50,100230,4797],{"class":72},[50,100232,69],{"class":68},[50,100234,78],{"class":64},[50,100236,419],{"class":64},[50,100238,1868],{"class":111},[50,100240,78],{"class":64},[50,100242,1873],{"class":111},[50,100244,416],{"class":64},[50,100246,1807],{"class":1806},[50,100248,1445],{"class":64},[50,100250,100251,100253,100255,100257],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100252,366],{"class":151},[50,100254,155],{"class":64},[50,100256,6072],{"class":158},[50,100258,186],{"class":64},[20,100260,100261,100262,100264],{},"These do ",[4465,100263,5351],{}," work directly:",[233,100266,100267,100269],{},[236,100268,97755],{},[236,100270,97758],{},[41,100272,100274],{"className":43,"code":100273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100275,100276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100277,100278,100281,100283,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100279,100280],{"class":56},"bad_set ",[50,100282,61],{"class":60},[50,100284,100285],{"class":64}," {[",[50,100287,309],{"class":111},[50,100289,78],{"class":64},[50,100291,314],{"class":111},[50,100293,78],{"class":64},[50,100295,319],{"class":111},[50,100297,14407],{"class":64},[20,100299,100300],{},"This raises an error:",[41,100302,100303],{"className":43,"code":97814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,100304,100305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100308,3727],{"class":371},[50,100310,1408],{"class":64},[50,100312,97825],{"class":56},[50,100314,3945],{"class":371},[50,100316,1408],{"class":64},[50,100318,408],{"class":68},[50,100320,372],{"class":72},[50,100322,30389],{"class":68},[20,100324,52757],{},[41,100326,100328],{"className":43,"code":100327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100329,100330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100331,100332,100334,100336,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100333,100280],{"class":56},[50,100335,61],{"class":60},[50,100337,100338],{"class":64}," {{",[50,100340,69],{"class":68},[50,100342,178],{"class":72},[50,100344,69],{"class":68},[50,100346,1408],{"class":64},[50,100348,81],{"class":68},[50,100350,8390],{"class":72},[50,100352,69],{"class":68},[50,100354,100355],{"class":64},"}}\n",[20,100357,100358],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[36,100360,100362],{"id":100361},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1112,100364,100366],{"id":100365},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[41,100368,100370],{"className":43,"code":100369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100371,100372,100396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100373,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392,100394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100375,302],{"class":56},[50,100377,61],{"class":60},[50,100379,11191],{"class":64},[50,100381,309],{"class":111},[50,100383,78],{"class":64},[50,100385,314],{"class":111},[50,100387,78],{"class":64},[50,100389,319],{"class":111},[50,100391,78],{"class":64},[50,100393,3181],{"class":111},[50,100395,1445],{"class":64},[50,100397,100398,100400,100402,100404],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100399,366],{"class":151},[50,100401,155],{"class":64},[50,100403,381],{"class":158},[50,100405,186],{"class":64},[1112,100407,100409],{"id":100408},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[41,100411,100413],{"className":43,"code":100412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100414,100415,100443,100458,100462],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100418,8493],{"class":56},[50,100420,61],{"class":60},[50,100422,65],{"class":64},[50,100424,309],{"class":111},[50,100426,78],{"class":64},[50,100428,6212],{"class":111},[50,100430,78],{"class":64},[50,100432,314],{"class":111},[50,100434,78],{"class":64},[50,100436,319],{"class":111},[50,100438,78],{"class":64},[50,100440,319],{"class":111},[50,100442,98],{"class":64},[50,100444,100445,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100446,100447],{"class":56},"unique_items ",[50,100449,61],{"class":60},[50,100451,16336],{"class":371},[50,100453,155],{"class":64},[50,100455,8522],{"class":158},[50,100457,186],{"class":64},[50,100459,100460],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,100461,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,100463,100464,100466,100468,100471],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,100465,366],{"class":151},[50,100467,155],{"class":64},[50,100469,100470],{"class":158},"unique_items",[50,100472,186],{"class":64},[1112,100474,99820],{"id":100475},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[41,100477,100479],{"className":43,"code":100478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100480,100481,100499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100482,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100484,326],{"class":56},[50,100486,61],{"class":60},[50,100488,16336],{"class":371},[50,100490,155],{"class":64},[50,100492,69],{"class":68},[50,100494,4806],{"class":72},[50,100496,69],{"class":68},[50,100498,186],{"class":64},[50,100500,100501,100503,100505,100507],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100502,366],{"class":151},[50,100504,155],{"class":64},[50,100506,36820],{"class":158},[50,100508,186],{"class":64},[1112,100510,100512],{"id":100511},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[41,100514,100516],{"className":43,"code":100515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100517,100518,100528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100519,100520,100522,100524,100526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100521,98958],{"class":56},[50,100523,61],{"class":60},[50,100525,16336],{"class":371},[50,100527,9354],{"class":64},[50,100529,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100531,366],{"class":151},[50,100533,155],{"class":64},[50,100535,98977],{"class":158},[50,100537,186],{"class":64},[36,100539,3553],{"id":3552},[20,100541,100542],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1112,100544,2447,100546,100548],{"id":100545},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100547,4515],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100550,100551],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[41,100553,100555],{"className":43,"code":100554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100556,100557,100565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100558,100559,100561,100563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100560,3171],{"class":56},[50,100562,61],{"class":60},[50,100564,10539],{"class":64},[50,100566,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100568,366],{"class":151},[50,100570,155],{"class":64},[50,100572,3945],{"class":371},[50,100574,155],{"class":64},[50,100576,3197],{"class":158},[50,100578,1077],{"class":64},[20,100580,100581],{},"This prints:",[41,100583,100584],{"className":43,"code":9520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,100585,100586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100587,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100589,4014],{"class":60},[50,100591,4017],{"class":752},[50,100593,408],{"class":68},[50,100595,9533],{"class":72},[50,100597,413],{"class":68},[50,100599,4026],{"class":60},[20,100601,221,100602,7344],{},[15,100603,4520],{},[1112,100605,100607],{"id":100606},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100609,100610],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[41,100612,100614],{"className":43,"code":100613,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100615,100616,100644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100617,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100619,302],{"class":56},[50,100621,61],{"class":60},[50,100623,11191],{"class":64},[50,100625,309],{"class":111},[50,100627,78],{"class":64},[50,100629,6212],{"class":111},[50,100631,78],{"class":64},[50,100633,314],{"class":111},[50,100635,78],{"class":64},[50,100637,314],{"class":111},[50,100639,78],{"class":64},[50,100641,319],{"class":111},[50,100643,1445],{"class":64},[50,100645,100646,100648,100650,100652],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100647,366],{"class":151},[50,100649,155],{"class":64},[50,100651,381],{"class":158},[50,100653,186],{"class":64},[20,100655,100656],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1112,100658,100660],{"id":100659},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100662,100663],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100665,100666],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[41,100668,100670],{"className":43,"code":100669,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100671,100672,100692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100673,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100675,302],{"class":56},[50,100677,61],{"class":60},[50,100679,11191],{"class":64},[50,100681,1868],{"class":111},[50,100683,78],{"class":64},[50,100685,1873],{"class":111},[50,100687,78],{"class":64},[50,100689,1878],{"class":111},[50,100691,1445],{"class":64},[50,100693,100694],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100695,100696],{"class":4385},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100698,100699],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1112,100701,100703],{"id":100702},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100705,100706],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[41,100708,100710],{"className":43,"code":100709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100711,100712,100717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100713,100714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100715,100716],{"class":4385},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[50,100718,100719],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100720,100721],{"class":4385},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100723,100724,100725,838],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100726,3727],{},[1112,100728,100730],{"id":100729},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100732,100733],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[41,100735,100737],{"className":43,"code":100736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100738,100739,100759,100791,100795,100809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100740,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100742,16331],{"class":56},[50,100744,61],{"class":60},[50,100746,11191],{"class":64},[50,100748,309],{"class":111},[50,100750,78],{"class":64},[50,100752,314],{"class":111},[50,100754,78],{"class":64},[50,100756,319],{"class":111},[50,100758,1445],{"class":64},[50,100760,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100762,12428],{"class":56},[50,100764,61],{"class":60},[50,100766,11191],{"class":64},[50,100768,69],{"class":68},[50,100770,335],{"class":72},[50,100772,69],{"class":68},[50,100774,1408],{"class":64},[50,100776,6212],{"class":111},[50,100778,78],{"class":64},[50,100780,81],{"class":68},[50,100782,344],{"class":72},[50,100784,69],{"class":68},[50,100786,1408],{"class":64},[50,100788,314],{"class":111},[50,100790,1445],{"class":64},[50,100792,100793],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,100794,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,100796,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,100798,366],{"class":151},[50,100800,155],{"class":64},[50,100802,3945],{"class":371},[50,100804,155],{"class":64},[50,100806,16369],{"class":158},[50,100808,1077],{"class":64},[50,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,100812,366],{"class":151},[50,100814,155],{"class":64},[50,100816,3945],{"class":371},[50,100818,155],{"class":64},[50,100820,12152],{"class":158},[50,100822,1077],{"class":64},[36,100824,93451],{"id":93450},[20,100826,100827],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[41,100829,100831],{"className":43,"code":100830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100832,100833,100859,100863,100877,100887,100901,100908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100834,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100836,16331],{"class":56},[50,100838,61],{"class":60},[50,100840,16336],{"class":371},[50,100842,2182],{"class":64},[50,100844,309],{"class":111},[50,100846,78],{"class":64},[50,100848,314],{"class":111},[50,100850,78],{"class":64},[50,100852,314],{"class":111},[50,100854,78],{"class":64},[50,100856,319],{"class":111},[50,100858,2210],{"class":64},[50,100860,100861],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,100862,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,100864,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,100866,366],{"class":151},[50,100868,155],{"class":64},[50,100870,3945],{"class":371},[50,100872,155],{"class":64},[50,100874,16369],{"class":158},[50,100876,1077],{"class":64},[50,100878,100879,100881,100883,100885],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,100880,366],{"class":151},[50,100882,155],{"class":64},[50,100884,16369],{"class":158},[50,100886,186],{"class":64},[50,100888,100889,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,100890,366],{"class":151},[50,100892,155],{"class":64},[50,100894,1060],{"class":151},[50,100896,155],{"class":64},[50,100898,16369],{"class":158},[50,100900,1077],{"class":64},[50,100902,100903,100905],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,100904,366],{"class":151},[50,100906,100907],{"class":64},"({})\n",[50,100909,100910,100912,100914,100916],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,100911,366],{"class":151},[50,100913,155],{"class":64},[50,100915,7000],{"class":371},[50,100917,7908],{"class":64},[20,100919,100920],{},"Use these to confirm:",[233,100922,100923,100926,100929,100932],{},[236,100924,100925],{},"The object type",[236,100927,100928],{},"The actual values stored",[236,100930,100931],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[236,100933,100934,100935,827,100937],{},"The difference between ",[15,100936,4515],{},[15,100938,4520],{},[36,100940,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,100942,100944],{"id":100943},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100946,100947,100948,100951,100952,100954],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100949,100950],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100953,4520],{}," with another iterable.",[1112,100956,100958],{"id":100957},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100960,221,100961,100963,100964,100966],{},[15,100962,4520],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100965,4515],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1112,100968,100970],{"id":100969},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100972,100973],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1112,100975,100977],{"id":100976},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100979,100980],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1112,100982,100984],{"id":100983},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100986,100987],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[36,100989,2610],{"id":2609},[233,100991,100992,100996,101002,101008,101013],{},[236,100993,100994],{},[335,100995,96996],{"href":98167},[236,100997,100998],{},[335,100999,13,101000,11442],{"href":99168},[15,101001,96876],{},[236,101003,101004],{},[335,101005,13,101006,11442],{"href":99187},[15,101007,97982],{},[236,101009,101010],{},[335,101011,101012],{"href":99745},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[236,101014,101015],{},[335,101016,101017],{"href":99459},"What is a set in Python?",[20,101019,101020],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2640,101022,101023],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":101025},[101026,101027,101028,101029,101032,101038,101042,101043,101044,101050,101058,101059,101066],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":99431,"depth":101,"text":99432},{"id":99463,"depth":101,"text":99464,"children":101030},[101031],{"id":99532,"depth":127,"text":99533},{"id":99636,"depth":101,"text":101033,"children":101034},"Create a set with set()",[101035,101036,101037],{"id":99661,"depth":127,"text":99662},{"id":99749,"depth":127,"text":99750},{"id":99819,"depth":127,"text":99820},{"id":99904,"depth":101,"text":99905,"children":101039},[101040],{"id":99981,"depth":127,"text":101041},"Do not use {}",{"id":72941,"depth":101,"text":72942},{"id":100189,"depth":101,"text":100190},{"id":100361,"depth":101,"text":100362,"children":101045},[101046,101047,101048,101049],{"id":100365,"depth":127,"text":100366},{"id":100408,"depth":127,"text":100409},{"id":100475,"depth":127,"text":99820},{"id":100511,"depth":127,"text":100512},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":101051},[101052,101054,101055,101056,101057],{"id":100545,"depth":127,"text":101053},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100606,"depth":127,"text":100607},{"id":100659,"depth":127,"text":100660},{"id":100702,"depth":127,"text":100703},{"id":100729,"depth":127,"text":100730},{"id":93450,"depth":101,"text":93451},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":101060},[101061,101062,101063,101064,101065],{"id":100943,"depth":127,"text":100944},{"id":100957,"depth":127,"text":100958},{"id":100969,"depth":127,"text":100970},{"id":100976,"depth":127,"text":100977},{"id":100983,"depth":127,"text":100984},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99234,"description":101067},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":101073,"title":101074,"body":101075,"description":103506,"extension":2687,"meta":103507,"navigation":130,"path":103508,"seo":103509,"stem":103510,"__hash__":103511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":101076,"toc":103471},[101077,101083,101089,101092,101094,101171,101173,101190,101200,101202,101207,101215,101217,101233,101237,101239,101241,101244,101265,101268,101292,101298,101300,101397,101399,101416,101426,101428,101430,101438,101440,101451,101453,101544,101546,101570,101581,101583,101585,101588,101718,101720,101793,101795,101816,101819,101821,101827,101832,101835,101962,101964,101981,101984,101986,101994,101997,102001,102009,102100,102102,102139,102144,102151,102228,102230,102246,102251,102256,102258,102267,102275,102356,102358,102387,102390,102394,102405,102408,102491,102493,102514,102520,102522,102524,102528,102532,102539,102604,102606,102626,102629,102698,102700,102716,102720,102726,102738,102746,102748,102833,102835,102864,102867,102871,102876,102878,102928,102931,103012,103014,103030,103034,103037,103112,103115,103119,103122,103199,103201,103234,103240,103244,103247,103382,103384,103398,103400,103402,103408,103411,103418,103426,103432,103435,103439,103442,103444,103446,103468],[10,101078,96868,101080,12024],{"id":101079},"python-set-difference-method",[15,101081,101082],{},"difference()",[20,101084,101085,101088],{},[15,101086,101087],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,101090,101091],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[36,101093,4331],{"id":4330},[41,101095,101097],{"className":43,"code":101096,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101098,101099,101123,101143,101161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101100,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101102,1942],{"class":56},[50,101104,61],{"class":60},[50,101106,11191],{"class":64},[50,101108,309],{"class":111},[50,101110,78],{"class":64},[50,101112,314],{"class":111},[50,101114,78],{"class":64},[50,101116,319],{"class":111},[50,101118,78],{"class":64},[50,101120,3181],{"class":111},[50,101122,1445],{"class":64},[50,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101126,3304],{"class":56},[50,101128,61],{"class":60},[50,101130,11191],{"class":64},[50,101132,437],{"class":111},[50,101134,78],{"class":64},[50,101136,3181],{"class":111},[50,101138,78],{"class":64},[50,101140,5325],{"class":111},[50,101142,1445],{"class":64},[50,101144,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101146,2954],{"class":56},[50,101148,61],{"class":60},[50,101150,1912],{"class":56},[50,101152,838],{"class":64},[50,101154,3534],{"class":158},[50,101156,155],{"class":64},[50,101158,344],{"class":158},[50,101160,186],{"class":64},[50,101162,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,101164,366],{"class":151},[50,101166,155],{"class":64},[50,101168,2989],{"class":158},[50,101170,186],{"class":64},[20,101172,189],{},[41,101174,101176],{"className":43,"code":101175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n",[15,101177,101178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101179,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101181,758],{"class":64},[50,101183,309],{"class":111},[50,101185,78],{"class":64},[50,101187,314],{"class":111},[50,101189,1445],{"class":64},[20,101191,101192,101194,101195,101197,101198,838],{},[15,101193,101082],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,101196,335],{}," that are not in ",[15,101199,344],{},[45594,101201],{},[36,101203,228,101205,231],{"id":101204},"what-difference-does",[15,101206,101082],{},[20,101208,2704,101209,101211,101212,101214],{},[15,101210,101082],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[4465,101213,5351],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,101216,13755],{},[233,101218,101219,101224,101227,101230],{},[236,101220,101221,101223],{},[15,101222,101082],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[236,101225,101226],{},"It creates a new set",[236,101228,101229],{},"It does not change the original set",[236,101231,101232],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,101234,96992,101235,838],{},[335,101236,96996],{"href":98167},[45594,101238],{},[36,101240,256],{"id":255},[20,101242,101243],{},"Use this form:",[41,101245,101247],{"className":43,"code":101246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101248,101249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101250,101251,101254,101256,101258,101260,101263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101252,101253],{"class":56},"set1",[50,101255,838],{"class":64},[50,101257,3534],{"class":158},[50,101259,155],{"class":64},[50,101261,101262],{"class":158},"set2",[50,101264,186],{"class":64},[20,101266,101267],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[41,101269,101271],{"className":43,"code":101270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101272,101273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101290],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101276,101253],{"class":56},[50,101278,838],{"class":64},[50,101280,3534],{"class":158},[50,101282,155],{"class":64},[50,101284,101262],{"class":158},[50,101286,78],{"class":64},[50,101288,101289],{"class":158}," set3",[50,101291,186],{"class":64},[20,101293,101294,101295,101297],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[4465,101296,6067],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101299,2931],{},[41,101301,101303],{"className":43,"code":101302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101304,101305,101333,101349,101361,101365,101387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101306,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101308,1942],{"class":56},[50,101310,61],{"class":60},[50,101312,11191],{"class":64},[50,101314,309],{"class":111},[50,101316,78],{"class":64},[50,101318,314],{"class":111},[50,101320,78],{"class":64},[50,101322,319],{"class":111},[50,101324,78],{"class":64},[50,101326,3181],{"class":111},[50,101328,78],{"class":64},[50,101330,5325],{"class":111},[50,101332,1445],{"class":64},[50,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101336,3304],{"class":56},[50,101338,61],{"class":60},[50,101340,11191],{"class":64},[50,101342,422],{"class":111},[50,101344,78],{"class":64},[50,101346,319],{"class":111},[50,101348,1445],{"class":64},[50,101350,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101352,83854],{"class":56},[50,101354,61],{"class":60},[50,101356,11191],{"class":64},[50,101358,2859],{"class":111},[50,101360,1445],{"class":64},[50,101362,101363],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,101364,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101366,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,101368,2954],{"class":56},[50,101370,61],{"class":60},[50,101372,1912],{"class":56},[50,101374,838],{"class":64},[50,101376,3534],{"class":158},[50,101378,155],{"class":64},[50,101380,344],{"class":158},[50,101382,78],{"class":64},[50,101384,10383],{"class":158},[50,101386,186],{"class":64},[50,101388,101389,101391,101393,101395],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,101390,366],{"class":151},[50,101392,155],{"class":64},[50,101394,2989],{"class":158},[50,101396,186],{"class":64},[20,101398,189],{},[41,101400,101402],{"className":43,"code":101401,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101403,101404],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101407,758],{"class":64},[50,101409,309],{"class":111},[50,101411,78],{"class":64},[50,101413,3181],{"class":111},[50,101415,1445],{"class":64},[20,101417,101418,101419,101421,101422,3602,101424,838],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101420,335],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101423,344],{},[15,101425,353],{},[45594,101427],{},[36,101429,18117],{"id":18116},[20,101431,101432,101434,101435,838],{},[15,101433,101082],{}," always returns a ",[4465,101436,101437],{},"new set",[20,101439,44327],{},[233,101441,101442,101445,101448],{},[236,101443,101444],{},"The return value is a new set",[236,101446,101447],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[236,101449,101450],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101452,2931],{},[41,101454,101456],{"className":43,"code":101455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101457,101458,101474,101494,101498,101516,101520,101530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101459,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101461,1942],{"class":56},[50,101463,61],{"class":60},[50,101465,11191],{"class":64},[50,101467,309],{"class":111},[50,101469,78],{"class":64},[50,101471,314],{"class":111},[50,101473,1445],{"class":64},[50,101475,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101477,3304],{"class":56},[50,101479,61],{"class":60},[50,101481,11191],{"class":64},[50,101483,309],{"class":111},[50,101485,78],{"class":64},[50,101487,314],{"class":111},[50,101489,78],{"class":64},[50,101491,319],{"class":111},[50,101493,1445],{"class":64},[50,101495,101496],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101497,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101499,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,101501,2954],{"class":56},[50,101503,61],{"class":60},[50,101505,1912],{"class":56},[50,101507,838],{"class":64},[50,101509,3534],{"class":158},[50,101511,155],{"class":64},[50,101513,344],{"class":158},[50,101515,186],{"class":64},[50,101517,101518],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,101519,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101521,101522,101524,101526,101528],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,101523,366],{"class":151},[50,101525,155],{"class":64},[50,101527,2989],{"class":158},[50,101529,186],{"class":64},[50,101531,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,101533,366],{"class":151},[50,101535,155],{"class":64},[50,101537,3945],{"class":371},[50,101539,155],{"class":64},[50,101541,2989],{"class":158},[50,101543,1077],{"class":64},[20,101545,189],{},[41,101547,101548],{"className":43,"code":99956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101549,101550,101556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101551,101552,101554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101553,7000],{"class":371},[50,101555,9354],{"class":64},[50,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101559,4014],{"class":60},[50,101561,4017],{"class":752},[50,101563,408],{"class":68},[50,101565,7000],{"class":72},[50,101567,413],{"class":68},[50,101569,4026],{"class":60},[20,101571,101572,101573,19662,101575,101577,101578,101580],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101574,4520],{},[15,101576,4515],{},". In Python, ",[15,101579,4515],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45594,101582],{},[36,101584,12178],{"id":12177},[20,101586,101587],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[41,101589,101591],{"className":43,"code":101590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101592,101593,101626,101659,101663,101683,101687,101697,101708],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101594,101595,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101596,101597],{"class":56},"fruits_a ",[50,101599,61],{"class":60},[50,101601,11191],{"class":64},[50,101603,69],{"class":68},[50,101605,4797],{"class":72},[50,101607,69],{"class":68},[50,101609,78],{"class":64},[50,101611,81],{"class":68},[50,101613,4806],{"class":72},[50,101615,69],{"class":68},[50,101617,78],{"class":64},[50,101619,81],{"class":68},[50,101621,33905],{"class":72},[50,101623,69],{"class":68},[50,101625,1445],{"class":64},[50,101627,101628,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101629,101630],{"class":56},"fruits_b ",[50,101632,61],{"class":60},[50,101634,11191],{"class":64},[50,101636,69],{"class":68},[50,101638,4806],{"class":72},[50,101640,69],{"class":68},[50,101642,78],{"class":64},[50,101644,81],{"class":68},[50,101646,33905],{"class":72},[50,101648,69],{"class":68},[50,101650,78],{"class":64},[50,101652,81],{"class":68},[50,101654,23227],{"class":72},[50,101656,69],{"class":68},[50,101658,1445],{"class":64},[50,101660,101661],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101662,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101664,101665,101667,101669,101672,101674,101676,101678,101681],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,101666,2954],{"class":56},[50,101668,61],{"class":60},[50,101670,101671],{"class":56}," fruits_a",[50,101673,838],{"class":64},[50,101675,3534],{"class":158},[50,101677,155],{"class":64},[50,101679,101680],{"class":158},"fruits_b",[50,101682,186],{"class":64},[50,101684,101685],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,101686,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101688,101689,101691,101693,101695],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,101690,366],{"class":151},[50,101692,155],{"class":64},[50,101694,2989],{"class":158},[50,101696,186],{"class":64},[50,101698,101699,101701,101703,101706],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,101700,366],{"class":151},[50,101702,155],{"class":64},[50,101704,101705],{"class":158},"fruits_a",[50,101707,186],{"class":64},[50,101709,101710,101712,101714,101716],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,101711,366],{"class":151},[50,101713,155],{"class":64},[50,101715,101680],{"class":158},[50,101717,186],{"class":64},[20,101719,30719],{},[41,101721,101723],{"className":43,"code":101722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101724,101725,101737,101765],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101726,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101728,758],{"class":64},[50,101730,413],{"class":68},[50,101732,4797],{"class":72},[50,101734,413],{"class":68},[50,101736,1445],{"class":64},[50,101738,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101740,758],{"class":64},[50,101742,413],{"class":68},[50,101744,4806],{"class":72},[50,101746,413],{"class":68},[50,101748,78],{"class":64},[50,101750,408],{"class":68},[50,101752,33905],{"class":72},[50,101754,413],{"class":68},[50,101756,78],{"class":64},[50,101758,408],{"class":68},[50,101760,4797],{"class":72},[50,101762,413],{"class":68},[50,101764,1445],{"class":64},[50,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101768,758],{"class":64},[50,101770,413],{"class":68},[50,101772,4806],{"class":72},[50,101774,413],{"class":68},[50,101776,78],{"class":64},[50,101778,408],{"class":68},[50,101780,33905],{"class":72},[50,101782,413],{"class":68},[50,101784,78],{"class":64},[50,101786,408],{"class":68},[50,101788,23227],{"class":72},[50,101790,413],{"class":68},[50,101792,1445],{"class":64},[20,101794,12387],{},[233,101796,101797,101802,101807,101813],{},[236,101798,101799,101800],{},"Start with ",[15,101801,101705],{},[236,101803,101804,101805],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101806,101680],{},[236,101808,101809,101810,101812],{},"Only ",[15,101811,58511],{}," remains",[236,101814,101815],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101817,101818],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45594,101820],{},[36,101822,2447,101824,101826],{"id":101823},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101825,101082],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101828,101829,101830,838],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101831,101082],{},[20,101833,101834],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[41,101836,101838],{"className":43,"code":101837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101839,101840,101872,101889,101902,101919,101923,101952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101841,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101843,302],{"class":56},[50,101845,61],{"class":60},[50,101847,11191],{"class":64},[50,101849,309],{"class":111},[50,101851,78],{"class":64},[50,101853,314],{"class":111},[50,101855,78],{"class":64},[50,101857,319],{"class":111},[50,101859,78],{"class":64},[50,101861,3181],{"class":111},[50,101863,78],{"class":64},[50,101865,5325],{"class":111},[50,101867,78],{"class":64},[50,101869,38321],{"class":111},[50,101871,1445],{"class":64},[50,101873,101874,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,101875,101876],{"class":56},"group_a ",[50,101878,61],{"class":60},[50,101880,11191],{"class":64},[50,101882,422],{"class":111},[50,101884,78],{"class":64},[50,101886,3181],{"class":111},[50,101888,1445],{"class":64},[50,101890,101891,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,101892,101893],{"class":56},"group_b ",[50,101895,61],{"class":60},[50,101897,11191],{"class":64},[50,101899,2859],{"class":111},[50,101901,1445],{"class":64},[50,101903,101904,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,101905,101906],{"class":56},"group_c ",[50,101908,61],{"class":60},[50,101910,11191],{"class":64},[50,101912,81267],{"class":111},[50,101914,78],{"class":64},[50,101916,6706],{"class":111},[50,101918,1445],{"class":64},[50,101920,101921],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,101922,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,101924,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101940,101942,101945,101947,101950],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,101926,2954],{"class":56},[50,101928,61],{"class":60},[50,101930,4982],{"class":56},[50,101932,838],{"class":64},[50,101934,3534],{"class":158},[50,101936,155],{"class":64},[50,101938,101939],{"class":158},"group_a",[50,101941,78],{"class":64},[50,101943,101944],{"class":158}," group_b",[50,101946,78],{"class":64},[50,101948,101949],{"class":158}," group_c",[50,101951,186],{"class":64},[50,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,101955,366],{"class":151},[50,101957,155],{"class":64},[50,101959,2989],{"class":158},[50,101961,186],{"class":64},[20,101963,189],{},[41,101965,101967],{"className":43,"code":101966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101968,101969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101972,758],{"class":64},[50,101974,309],{"class":111},[50,101976,78],{"class":64},[50,101978,319],{"class":111},[50,101980,1445],{"class":64},[20,101982,101983],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45594,101985],{},[36,101987,101989,11286,101991],{"id":101988},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101990,101082],{},[15,101992,101993],{},"difference_update()",[20,101995,101996],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1112,101998,101999],{"id":3534},[15,102000,101082],{},[233,102002,102003,102006],{},[236,102004,102005],{},"Returns a new set",[236,102007,102008],{},"Does not change the original set",[41,102010,102012],{"className":43,"code":102011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102013,102014,102038,102054,102058,102076,102080,102090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102015,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102017,1942],{"class":56},[50,102019,61],{"class":60},[50,102021,11191],{"class":64},[50,102023,309],{"class":111},[50,102025,78],{"class":64},[50,102027,314],{"class":111},[50,102029,78],{"class":64},[50,102031,319],{"class":111},[50,102033,78],{"class":64},[50,102035,3181],{"class":111},[50,102037,1445],{"class":64},[50,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102041,3304],{"class":56},[50,102043,61],{"class":60},[50,102045,11191],{"class":64},[50,102047,437],{"class":111},[50,102049,78],{"class":64},[50,102051,3181],{"class":111},[50,102053,1445],{"class":64},[50,102055,102056],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102057,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102059,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102061,2954],{"class":56},[50,102063,61],{"class":60},[50,102065,1912],{"class":56},[50,102067,838],{"class":64},[50,102069,3534],{"class":158},[50,102071,155],{"class":64},[50,102073,344],{"class":158},[50,102075,186],{"class":64},[50,102077,102078],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102079,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,102083,366],{"class":151},[50,102085,155],{"class":64},[50,102087,2989],{"class":158},[50,102089,186],{"class":64},[50,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,102093,366],{"class":151},[50,102095,155],{"class":64},[50,102097,335],{"class":158},[50,102099,186],{"class":64},[20,102101,189],{},[41,102103,102105],{"className":43,"code":102104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,102106,102107,102119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102108,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102110,758],{"class":64},[50,102112,309],{"class":111},[50,102114,78],{"class":64},[50,102116,314],{"class":111},[50,102118,1445],{"class":64},[50,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102122,758],{"class":64},[50,102124,309],{"class":111},[50,102126,78],{"class":64},[50,102128,314],{"class":111},[50,102130,78],{"class":64},[50,102132,319],{"class":111},[50,102134,78],{"class":64},[50,102136,3181],{"class":111},[50,102138,1445],{"class":64},[1112,102140,102142],{"id":102141},"difference_update",[15,102143,101993],{},[233,102145,102146,102149],{},[236,102147,102148],{},"Changes the original set",[236,102150,96986],{},[41,102152,102154],{"className":43,"code":102153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,102155,102156,102180,102196,102200,102214,102218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102159,1942],{"class":56},[50,102161,61],{"class":60},[50,102163,11191],{"class":64},[50,102165,309],{"class":111},[50,102167,78],{"class":64},[50,102169,314],{"class":111},[50,102171,78],{"class":64},[50,102173,319],{"class":111},[50,102175,78],{"class":64},[50,102177,3181],{"class":111},[50,102179,1445],{"class":64},[50,102181,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102183,3304],{"class":56},[50,102185,61],{"class":60},[50,102187,11191],{"class":64},[50,102189,437],{"class":111},[50,102191,78],{"class":64},[50,102193,3181],{"class":111},[50,102195,1445],{"class":64},[50,102197,102198],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102199,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102203,335],{"class":56},[50,102205,838],{"class":64},[50,102207,102141],{"class":158},[50,102209,155],{"class":64},[50,102211,344],{"class":158},[50,102213,186],{"class":64},[50,102215,102216],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102217,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102219,102220,102222,102224,102226],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,102221,366],{"class":151},[50,102223,155],{"class":64},[50,102225,335],{"class":158},[50,102227,186],{"class":64},[20,102229,189],{},[41,102231,102232],{"className":43,"code":101175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102233,102234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102235,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102237,758],{"class":64},[50,102239,309],{"class":111},[50,102241,78],{"class":64},[50,102243,314],{"class":111},[50,102245,1445],{"class":64},[20,102247,221,102248,102250],{},[15,102249,101082],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102252,102253,102254,34285],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102255,101993],{},[45594,102257],{},[36,102259,102261,102263,102264,102266],{"id":102260},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102262,101082],{}," vs the ",[15,102265,2746],{}," operator",[20,102268,2704,102269,102271,102272,102274],{},[15,102270,2746],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102273,101082],{}," for two sets.",[41,102276,102278],{"className":43,"code":102277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102279,102280,102304,102320,102324,102342],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102281,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102283,1942],{"class":56},[50,102285,61],{"class":60},[50,102287,11191],{"class":64},[50,102289,309],{"class":111},[50,102291,78],{"class":64},[50,102293,314],{"class":111},[50,102295,78],{"class":64},[50,102297,319],{"class":111},[50,102299,78],{"class":64},[50,102301,3181],{"class":111},[50,102303,1445],{"class":64},[50,102305,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102307,3304],{"class":56},[50,102309,61],{"class":60},[50,102311,11191],{"class":64},[50,102313,437],{"class":111},[50,102315,78],{"class":64},[50,102317,3181],{"class":111},[50,102319,1445],{"class":64},[50,102321,102322],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102323,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102327,366],{"class":151},[50,102329,155],{"class":64},[50,102331,335],{"class":158},[50,102333,838],{"class":64},[50,102335,3534],{"class":158},[50,102337,155],{"class":64},[50,102339,344],{"class":158},[50,102341,1077],{"class":64},[50,102343,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102345,366],{"class":151},[50,102347,155],{"class":64},[50,102349,1942],{"class":158},[50,102351,2746],{"class":60},[50,102353,1948],{"class":158},[50,102355,186],{"class":64},[20,102357,189],{},[41,102359,102361],{"className":43,"code":102360,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102362,102363,102375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102364,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102366,758],{"class":64},[50,102368,309],{"class":111},[50,102370,78],{"class":64},[50,102372,314],{"class":111},[50,102374,1445],{"class":64},[50,102376,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102378,758],{"class":64},[50,102380,309],{"class":111},[50,102382,78],{"class":64},[50,102384,314],{"class":111},[50,102386,1445],{"class":64},[20,102388,102389],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102391,95256,102392,2582],{},[15,102393,101082],{},[233,102395,102396,102399,102402],{},[236,102397,102398],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[236,102400,102401],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[236,102403,102404],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102406,102407],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[41,102409,102411],{"className":43,"code":102410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102412,102413,102441,102453,102465,102469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102414,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102416,1942],{"class":56},[50,102418,61],{"class":60},[50,102420,11191],{"class":64},[50,102422,309],{"class":111},[50,102424,78],{"class":64},[50,102426,314],{"class":111},[50,102428,78],{"class":64},[50,102430,319],{"class":111},[50,102432,78],{"class":64},[50,102434,3181],{"class":111},[50,102436,78],{"class":64},[50,102438,5325],{"class":111},[50,102440,1445],{"class":64},[50,102442,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102444,3304],{"class":56},[50,102446,61],{"class":60},[50,102448,11191],{"class":64},[50,102450,422],{"class":111},[50,102452,1445],{"class":64},[50,102454,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102456,83854],{"class":56},[50,102458,61],{"class":60},[50,102460,11191],{"class":64},[50,102462,1089],{"class":111},[50,102464,1445],{"class":64},[50,102466,102467],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102468,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102470,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102472,366],{"class":151},[50,102474,155],{"class":64},[50,102476,335],{"class":158},[50,102478,838],{"class":64},[50,102480,3534],{"class":158},[50,102482,155],{"class":64},[50,102484,344],{"class":158},[50,102486,78],{"class":64},[50,102488,10383],{"class":158},[50,102490,1077],{"class":64},[20,102492,189],{},[41,102494,102496],{"className":43,"code":102495,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102497,102498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102499,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102501,758],{"class":64},[50,102503,309],{"class":111},[50,102505,78],{"class":64},[50,102507,319],{"class":111},[50,102509,78],{"class":64},[50,102511,5325],{"class":111},[50,102513,1445],{"class":64},[20,102515,102516,102517,102519],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102518,2746],{}," operator expression.",[45594,102521],{},[36,102523,5238],{"id":5237},[20,102525,21910,102526,838],{},[15,102527,101082],{},[1112,102529,102531],{"id":102530},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102533,5348,102534,102536,102537,1408],{},[4465,102535,5351],{}," change ",[15,102538,335],{},[41,102540,102542],{"className":43,"code":102541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102543,102544,102564,102576,102580,102594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102545,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102547,1942],{"class":56},[50,102549,61],{"class":60},[50,102551,11191],{"class":64},[50,102553,309],{"class":111},[50,102555,78],{"class":64},[50,102557,314],{"class":111},[50,102559,78],{"class":64},[50,102561,319],{"class":111},[50,102563,1445],{"class":64},[50,102565,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102567,3304],{"class":56},[50,102569,61],{"class":60},[50,102571,11191],{"class":64},[50,102573,437],{"class":111},[50,102575,1445],{"class":64},[50,102577,102578],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102579,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102581,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102583,335],{"class":56},[50,102585,838],{"class":64},[50,102587,3534],{"class":158},[50,102589,155],{"class":64},[50,102591,344],{"class":158},[50,102593,186],{"class":64},[50,102595,102596,102598,102600,102602],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102597,366],{"class":151},[50,102599,155],{"class":64},[50,102601,335],{"class":158},[50,102603,186],{"class":64},[20,102605,189],{},[41,102607,102608],{"className":43,"code":97275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102609,102610],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102611,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102613,758],{"class":64},[50,102615,309],{"class":111},[50,102617,78],{"class":64},[50,102619,314],{"class":111},[50,102621,78],{"class":64},[50,102623,319],{"class":111},[50,102625,1445],{"class":64},[20,102627,102628],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[41,102630,102632],{"className":43,"code":102631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102633,102634,102654,102666,102670,102688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102635,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102637,1942],{"class":56},[50,102639,61],{"class":60},[50,102641,11191],{"class":64},[50,102643,309],{"class":111},[50,102645,78],{"class":64},[50,102647,314],{"class":111},[50,102649,78],{"class":64},[50,102651,319],{"class":111},[50,102653,1445],{"class":64},[50,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102657,3304],{"class":56},[50,102659,61],{"class":60},[50,102661,11191],{"class":64},[50,102663,437],{"class":111},[50,102665,1445],{"class":64},[50,102667,102668],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102669,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102671,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102673,1942],{"class":56},[50,102675,61],{"class":60},[50,102677,1912],{"class":56},[50,102679,838],{"class":64},[50,102681,3534],{"class":158},[50,102683,155],{"class":64},[50,102685,344],{"class":158},[50,102687,186],{"class":64},[50,102689,102690,102692,102694,102696],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102691,366],{"class":151},[50,102693,155],{"class":64},[50,102695,335],{"class":158},[50,102697,186],{"class":64},[20,102699,189],{},[41,102701,102702],{"className":43,"code":101175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102703,102704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102707,758],{"class":64},[50,102709,309],{"class":111},[50,102711,78],{"class":64},[50,102713,314],{"class":111},[50,102715,1445],{"class":64},[1112,102717,102719],{"id":102718},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102721,102722,102725],{},[15,102723,102724],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[233,102727,102728,102733],{},[236,102729,102730,102731],{},"keep items from ",[15,102732,335],{},[236,102734,102735,102736],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102737,344],{},[20,102739,41583,102740,102742,102743,102745],{},[4465,102741,5351],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102744,344],{},"”.",[20,102747,2931],{},[41,102749,102751],{"className":43,"code":102750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102752,102753,102773,102793,102797,102815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102754,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102756,1942],{"class":56},[50,102758,61],{"class":60},[50,102760,11191],{"class":64},[50,102762,309],{"class":111},[50,102764,78],{"class":64},[50,102766,314],{"class":111},[50,102768,78],{"class":64},[50,102770,319],{"class":111},[50,102772,1445],{"class":64},[50,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102776,3304],{"class":56},[50,102778,61],{"class":60},[50,102780,11191],{"class":64},[50,102782,437],{"class":111},[50,102784,78],{"class":64},[50,102786,3181],{"class":111},[50,102788,78],{"class":64},[50,102790,5325],{"class":111},[50,102792,1445],{"class":64},[50,102794,102795],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102796,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102798,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102800,366],{"class":151},[50,102802,155],{"class":64},[50,102804,335],{"class":158},[50,102806,838],{"class":64},[50,102808,3534],{"class":158},[50,102810,155],{"class":64},[50,102812,344],{"class":158},[50,102814,1077],{"class":64},[50,102816,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,102818,366],{"class":151},[50,102820,155],{"class":64},[50,102822,344],{"class":158},[50,102824,838],{"class":64},[50,102826,3534],{"class":158},[50,102828,155],{"class":64},[50,102830,335],{"class":158},[50,102832,1077],{"class":64},[20,102834,189],{},[41,102836,102838],{"className":43,"code":102837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102839,102840,102852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102841,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102843,758],{"class":64},[50,102845,309],{"class":111},[50,102847,78],{"class":64},[50,102849,314],{"class":111},[50,102851,1445],{"class":64},[50,102853,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102855,758],{"class":64},[50,102857,1089],{"class":111},[50,102859,78],{"class":64},[50,102861,5325],{"class":111},[50,102863,1445],{"class":64},[20,102865,102866],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1112,102868,102870],{"id":102869},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102872,102873,102875],{},[15,102874,101082],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102877,55997],{},[41,102879,102881],{"className":43,"code":102880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102882,102883,102903,102919,102923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102884,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102886,1942],{"class":56},[50,102888,61],{"class":60},[50,102890,65],{"class":64},[50,102892,309],{"class":111},[50,102894,78],{"class":64},[50,102896,314],{"class":111},[50,102898,78],{"class":64},[50,102900,319],{"class":111},[50,102902,98],{"class":64},[50,102904,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102906,3304],{"class":56},[50,102908,61],{"class":60},[50,102910,65],{"class":64},[50,102912,437],{"class":111},[50,102914,78],{"class":64},[50,102916,3181],{"class":111},[50,102918,98],{"class":64},[50,102920,102921],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102922,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102924,102925],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102926,102927],{"class":4385},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102929,102930],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[41,102932,102934],{"className":43,"code":102933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102935,102936,102956,102972,102976,103002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102937,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102939,1942],{"class":56},[50,102941,61],{"class":60},[50,102943,65],{"class":64},[50,102945,309],{"class":111},[50,102947,78],{"class":64},[50,102949,314],{"class":111},[50,102951,78],{"class":64},[50,102953,319],{"class":111},[50,102955,98],{"class":64},[50,102957,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,102959,3304],{"class":56},[50,102961,61],{"class":60},[50,102963,65],{"class":64},[50,102965,437],{"class":111},[50,102967,78],{"class":64},[50,102969,3181],{"class":111},[50,102971,98],{"class":64},[50,102973,102974],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,102975,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,102977,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,102979,2954],{"class":56},[50,102981,61],{"class":60},[50,102983,16336],{"class":371},[50,102985,155],{"class":64},[50,102987,335],{"class":158},[50,102989,9342],{"class":64},[50,102991,3534],{"class":158},[50,102993,155],{"class":64},[50,102995,7000],{"class":371},[50,102997,155],{"class":64},[50,102999,344],{"class":158},[50,103001,1077],{"class":64},[50,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,103005,366],{"class":151},[50,103007,155],{"class":64},[50,103009,2989],{"class":158},[50,103011,186],{"class":64},[20,103013,189],{},[41,103015,103016],{"className":43,"code":101175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,103017,103018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103019,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103021,758],{"class":64},[50,103023,309],{"class":111},[50,103025,78],{"class":64},[50,103027,314],{"class":111},[50,103029,1445],{"class":64},[1112,103031,103033],{"id":103032},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,103035,103036],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[41,103038,103040],{"className":43,"code":103039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103041,103042,103074,103090,103094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103043,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103045,1942],{"class":56},[50,103047,61],{"class":60},[50,103049,11191],{"class":64},[50,103051,69],{"class":68},[50,103053,37724],{"class":72},[50,103055,69],{"class":68},[50,103057,78],{"class":64},[50,103059,81],{"class":68},[50,103061,58805],{"class":72},[50,103063,69],{"class":68},[50,103065,78],{"class":64},[50,103067,81],{"class":68},[50,103069,58822],{"class":72},[50,103071,69],{"class":68},[50,103073,1445],{"class":64},[50,103075,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103077,3304],{"class":56},[50,103079,61],{"class":60},[50,103081,11191],{"class":64},[50,103083,69],{"class":68},[50,103085,58805],{"class":72},[50,103087,69],{"class":68},[50,103089,1445],{"class":64},[50,103091,103092],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103093,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103095,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,103097,366],{"class":151},[50,103099,155],{"class":64},[50,103101,335],{"class":158},[50,103103,838],{"class":64},[50,103105,3534],{"class":158},[50,103107,155],{"class":64},[50,103109,344],{"class":158},[50,103111,1077],{"class":64},[20,103113,103114],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1112,103116,103118],{"id":103117},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,103120,103121],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[41,103123,103125],{"className":43,"code":103124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103126,103127,103155,103167,103171,103181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103128,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103130,1942],{"class":56},[50,103132,61],{"class":60},[50,103134,11191],{"class":64},[50,103136,309],{"class":111},[50,103138,78],{"class":64},[50,103140,6212],{"class":111},[50,103142,78],{"class":64},[50,103144,314],{"class":111},[50,103146,78],{"class":64},[50,103148,314],{"class":111},[50,103150,78],{"class":64},[50,103152,319],{"class":111},[50,103154,1445],{"class":64},[50,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103158,3304],{"class":56},[50,103160,61],{"class":60},[50,103162,11191],{"class":64},[50,103164,437],{"class":111},[50,103166,1445],{"class":64},[50,103168,103169],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103170,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103172,103173,103175,103177,103179],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,103174,366],{"class":151},[50,103176,155],{"class":64},[50,103178,335],{"class":158},[50,103180,186],{"class":64},[50,103182,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,103184,366],{"class":151},[50,103186,155],{"class":64},[50,103188,335],{"class":158},[50,103190,838],{"class":64},[50,103192,3534],{"class":158},[50,103194,155],{"class":64},[50,103196,344],{"class":158},[50,103198,1077],{"class":64},[20,103200,189],{},[41,103202,103204],{"className":43,"code":103203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,103205,103206,103222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103207,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103209,758],{"class":64},[50,103211,309],{"class":111},[50,103213,78],{"class":64},[50,103215,314],{"class":111},[50,103217,78],{"class":64},[50,103219,319],{"class":111},[50,103221,1445],{"class":64},[50,103223,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103225,758],{"class":64},[50,103227,309],{"class":111},[50,103229,78],{"class":64},[50,103231,314],{"class":111},[50,103233,1445],{"class":64},[20,103235,103236,103237,103239],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,103238,101082],{}," runs.",[1112,103241,103243],{"id":103242},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103245,103246],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[41,103248,103250],{"className":43,"code":103249,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103251,103252,103276,103296,103300,103310,103320,103338,103360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103255,1942],{"class":56},[50,103257,61],{"class":60},[50,103259,11191],{"class":64},[50,103261,309],{"class":111},[50,103263,78],{"class":64},[50,103265,314],{"class":111},[50,103267,78],{"class":64},[50,103269,319],{"class":111},[50,103271,78],{"class":64},[50,103273,3181],{"class":111},[50,103275,1445],{"class":64},[50,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103279,3304],{"class":56},[50,103281,61],{"class":60},[50,103283,11191],{"class":64},[50,103285,437],{"class":111},[50,103287,78],{"class":64},[50,103289,3181],{"class":111},[50,103291,78],{"class":64},[50,103293,5325],{"class":111},[50,103295,1445],{"class":64},[50,103297,103298],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103299,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103301,103302,103304,103306,103308],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,103303,366],{"class":151},[50,103305,155],{"class":64},[50,103307,335],{"class":158},[50,103309,186],{"class":64},[50,103311,103312,103314,103316,103318],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,103313,366],{"class":151},[50,103315,155],{"class":64},[50,103317,344],{"class":158},[50,103319,186],{"class":64},[50,103321,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,103323,366],{"class":151},[50,103325,155],{"class":64},[50,103327,335],{"class":158},[50,103329,838],{"class":64},[50,103331,3534],{"class":158},[50,103333,155],{"class":64},[50,103335,344],{"class":158},[50,103337,1077],{"class":64},[50,103339,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,103341,366],{"class":151},[50,103343,155],{"class":64},[50,103345,3945],{"class":371},[50,103347,155],{"class":64},[50,103349,335],{"class":158},[50,103351,838],{"class":64},[50,103353,3534],{"class":158},[50,103355,155],{"class":64},[50,103357,344],{"class":158},[50,103359,389],{"class":64},[50,103361,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,103363,366],{"class":151},[50,103365,155],{"class":64},[50,103367,1060],{"class":151},[50,103369,155],{"class":64},[50,103371,335],{"class":158},[50,103373,838],{"class":64},[50,103375,3534],{"class":158},[50,103377,155],{"class":64},[50,103379,344],{"class":158},[50,103381,389],{"class":64},[20,103383,11872],{},[233,103385,103386,103389,103392,103395],{},[236,103387,103388],{},"what is in each set",[236,103390,103391],{},"what result Python creates",[236,103393,103394],{},"that the result is a set",[236,103396,103397],{},"how many items remain",[45594,103399],{},[36,103401,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,103403,2569,103405,103407],{"id":103404},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103406,101082],{}," change the original set?",[20,103409,103410],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1112,103412,5893,103414,827,103416,2582],{"id":103413},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103415,101082],{},[15,103417,101993],{},[20,103419,103420,103422,103423,103425],{},[15,103421,101082],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103424,101993],{}," modifies the original set.",[1112,103427,29019,103429,103431],{"id":103428},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103430,101082],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103433,103434],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1112,103436,103438],{"id":103437},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103440,103441],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45594,103443],{},[36,103445,2610],{"id":2609},[233,103447,103448,103452,103460],{},[236,103449,103450],{},[335,103451,96996],{"href":98167},[236,103453,103454],{},[335,103455,97482,103457,11442],{"href":103456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103458,103459],{},"intersection()",[236,103461,103462],{},[335,103463,97482,103465,11442],{"href":103464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103466,103467],{},"union()",[2640,103469,103470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":103472},[103473,103474,103476,103477,103478,103479,103481,103486,103488,103496,103505],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":101204,"depth":101,"text":103475},"What difference() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":101823,"depth":101,"text":103480},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101988,"depth":101,"text":103482,"children":103483},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103484,103485],{"id":3534,"depth":127,"text":101082},{"id":102141,"depth":127,"text":101993},{"id":102260,"depth":101,"text":103487},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":103489},[103490,103491,103492,103493,103494,103495],{"id":102530,"depth":127,"text":102531},{"id":102718,"depth":127,"text":102719},{"id":102869,"depth":127,"text":102870},{"id":103032,"depth":127,"text":103033},{"id":103117,"depth":127,"text":103118},{"id":103242,"depth":127,"text":103243},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":103497},[103498,103500,103502,103504],{"id":103404,"depth":127,"text":103499},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103413,"depth":127,"text":103501},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103428,"depth":127,"text":103503},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103437,"depth":127,"text":103438},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":101074,"description":103506},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103513,"title":103514,"body":103515,"description":105210,"extension":2687,"meta":105211,"navigation":130,"path":105212,"seo":105213,"stem":105214,"__hash__":105215},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103516,"toc":105172},[103517,103523,103529,103542,103544,103645,103647,103692,103697,103702,103706,103720,103723,103731,103733,103752,103770,103774,103827,103829,103850,103857,103862,103889,103896,103995,103997,104034,104042,104046,104052,104055,104128,104130,104138,104143,104212,104214,104239,104241,104244,104347,104349,104410,104413,104417,104423,104496,104498,104531,104534,104537,104577,104583,104606,104611,104615,104626,104629,104631,104635,104641,104643,104700,104710,104712,104765,104772,104777,104845,104853,104859,104863,104865,104904,104909,104958,104962,104965,104967,105006,105009,105011,105016,105073,105075,105089,105091,105095,105101,105106,105111,105118,105129,105135,105140,105142,105169],[10,103518,96868,103520,12024],{"id":103519},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103521,103522],{},"discard()",[20,103524,103525,103528],{},[15,103526,103527],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103530,103531,103532,2912,103537,14755,103539,103541],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[335,103533,103534],{"href":98877},[15,103535,103536],{},"set.remove()",[15,103538,103522],{},[4465,103540,5351],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[36,103543,39],{"id":38},[41,103545,103547],{"className":43,"code":103546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103548,103549,103581,103600,103610,103614,103635],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103550,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103552,13779],{"class":56},[50,103554,61],{"class":60},[50,103556,11191],{"class":64},[50,103558,69],{"class":68},[50,103560,13796],{"class":72},[50,103562,69],{"class":68},[50,103564,78],{"class":64},[50,103566,81],{"class":68},[50,103568,13813],{"class":72},[50,103570,69],{"class":68},[50,103572,78],{"class":64},[50,103574,81],{"class":68},[50,103576,18154],{"class":72},[50,103578,69],{"class":68},[50,103580,1445],{"class":64},[50,103582,103583,103585,103587,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103584,18201],{"class":56},[50,103586,838],{"class":64},[50,103588,103589],{"class":158},"discard",[50,103591,155],{"class":64},[50,103593,69],{"class":68},[50,103595,13813],{"class":72},[50,103597,69],{"class":68},[50,103599,186],{"class":64},[50,103601,103602,103604,103606,103608],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103603,366],{"class":151},[50,103605,155],{"class":64},[50,103607,18201],{"class":158},[50,103609,186],{"class":64},[50,103611,103612],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,103613,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,103617,18201],{"class":56},[50,103619,838],{"class":64},[50,103621,103589],{"class":158},[50,103623,155],{"class":64},[50,103625,69],{"class":68},[50,103627,23218],{"class":72},[50,103629,69],{"class":68},[50,103631,4382],{"class":64},[50,103633,103634],{"class":4385},"  # no error if missing\n",[50,103636,103637,103639,103641,103643],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,103638,366],{"class":151},[50,103640,155],{"class":64},[50,103642,18201],{"class":158},[50,103644,186],{"class":64},[20,103646,30719],{},[41,103648,103650],{"className":43,"code":103649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103651,103652,103672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103653,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103655,758],{"class":64},[50,103657,413],{"class":68},[50,103659,13796],{"class":72},[50,103661,413],{"class":68},[50,103663,78],{"class":64},[50,103665,408],{"class":68},[50,103667,18154],{"class":72},[50,103669,413],{"class":68},[50,103671,1445],{"class":64},[50,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103675,758],{"class":64},[50,103677,413],{"class":68},[50,103679,13796],{"class":72},[50,103681,413],{"class":68},[50,103683,78],{"class":64},[50,103685,408],{"class":68},[50,103687,18154],{"class":72},[50,103689,413],{"class":68},[50,103691,1445],{"class":64},[20,103693,221,103694,103696],{},[15,103695,103522],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[36,103698,228,103700,231],{"id":103699},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103701,103527],{},[20,103703,103704,1408],{},[15,103705,103522],{},[233,103707,103708,103711,103714,103716],{},[236,103709,103710],{},"Removes one item from a set",[236,103712,103713],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[236,103715,96983],{},[236,103717,12126,103718],{},[15,103719,4501],{},[20,103721,103722],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103724,96992,103725,3602,103728,838],{},[335,103726,103727],{"href":99459},"what a set is in Python",[335,103729,103730],{"href":98551},"how to create a set",[36,103732,256],{"id":255},[41,103734,103736],{"className":43,"code":103735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103737,103738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103741,16369],{"class":56},[50,103743,838],{"class":64},[50,103745,103589],{"class":158},[50,103747,155],{"class":64},[50,103749,3197],{"class":158},[50,103751,186],{"class":64},[233,103753,103754,103759,103764,103767],{},[236,103755,103756,103758],{},[15,103757,16369],{}," is the set you want to change",[236,103760,103761,103763],{},[15,103762,3197],{}," is the item you want to remove",[236,103765,103766],{},"The set must already exist",[236,103768,103769],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1112,103771,103773],{"id":103772},"example","Example",[41,103775,103777],{"className":43,"code":103776,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103778,103779,103803,103817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103782,302],{"class":56},[50,103784,61],{"class":60},[50,103786,11191],{"class":64},[50,103788,309],{"class":111},[50,103790,78],{"class":64},[50,103792,314],{"class":111},[50,103794,78],{"class":64},[50,103796,319],{"class":111},[50,103798,78],{"class":64},[50,103800,3181],{"class":111},[50,103802,1445],{"class":64},[50,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103806,381],{"class":56},[50,103808,838],{"class":64},[50,103810,103589],{"class":158},[50,103812,155],{"class":64},[50,103814,437],{"class":111},[50,103816,186],{"class":64},[50,103818,103819,103821,103823,103825],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103820,366],{"class":151},[50,103822,155],{"class":64},[50,103824,381],{"class":158},[50,103826,186],{"class":64},[20,103828,189],{},[41,103830,103832],{"className":43,"code":103831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103833,103834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103835,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103837,758],{"class":64},[50,103839,309],{"class":111},[50,103841,78],{"class":64},[50,103843,314],{"class":111},[50,103845,78],{"class":64},[50,103847,3181],{"class":111},[50,103849,1445],{"class":64},[36,103851,103853,103854,103856],{"id":103852},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103855,103522],{}," different",[20,103858,103859,103861],{},[15,103860,103522],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[233,103863,103864,103877,103886],{},[236,103865,103866,103867,2912,103871,103873,103874,103876],{},"Unlike ",[335,103868,103869],{"href":98877},[15,103870,56207],{},[15,103872,103522],{}," does not raise ",[15,103875,20386],{}," when the item is missing",[236,103878,103866,103879,2912,103883,103885],{},[335,103880,103881],{"href":98882},[15,103882,13466],{},[15,103884,103522],{}," removes a specific item",[236,103887,103888],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1112,103890,103892,11286,103894],{"id":103891},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103893,103522],{},[15,103895,56207],{},[41,103897,103899],{"className":43,"code":103898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103900,103901,103925,103929,103950,103960,103964,103985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103902,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103904,8493],{"class":56},[50,103906,61],{"class":60},[50,103908,11191],{"class":64},[50,103910,69],{"class":68},[50,103912,4797],{"class":72},[50,103914,69],{"class":68},[50,103916,78],{"class":64},[50,103918,81],{"class":68},[50,103920,4806],{"class":72},[50,103922,69],{"class":68},[50,103924,1445],{"class":64},[50,103926,103927],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,103928,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103930,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,103932,8522],{"class":56},[50,103934,838],{"class":64},[50,103936,103589],{"class":158},[50,103938,155],{"class":64},[50,103940,69],{"class":68},[50,103942,33905],{"class":72},[50,103944,69],{"class":68},[50,103946,4382],{"class":64},[50,103948,103949],{"class":4385},"   # no error\n",[50,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,103953,366],{"class":151},[50,103955,155],{"class":64},[50,103957,8522],{"class":158},[50,103959,186],{"class":64},[50,103961,103962],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,103963,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,103967,8522],{"class":56},[50,103969,838],{"class":64},[50,103971,35479],{"class":158},[50,103973,155],{"class":64},[50,103975,69],{"class":68},[50,103977,4806],{"class":72},[50,103979,69],{"class":68},[50,103981,4382],{"class":64},[50,103983,103984],{"class":4385},"    # removes existing item\n",[50,103986,103987,103989,103991,103993],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,103988,366],{"class":151},[50,103990,155],{"class":64},[50,103992,8522],{"class":158},[50,103994,186],{"class":64},[20,103996,189],{},[41,103998,104000],{"className":43,"code":103999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,104001,104002,104022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104003,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104005,758],{"class":64},[50,104007,413],{"class":68},[50,104009,4797],{"class":72},[50,104011,413],{"class":68},[50,104013,78],{"class":64},[50,104015,408],{"class":68},[50,104017,4806],{"class":72},[50,104019,413],{"class":68},[50,104021,1445],{"class":64},[50,104023,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104025,758],{"class":64},[50,104027,413],{"class":68},[50,104029,4797],{"class":72},[50,104031,413],{"class":68},[50,104033,1445],{"class":64},[20,104035,41020,104036,104038,104039,104041],{},[15,104037,56207],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[335,104040,11777],{"href":11776}," for more help with that case.",[36,104043,104045],{"id":104044},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,104047,104048,3121,104050,838],{},[15,104049,103522],{},[15,104051,4501],{},[20,104053,104054],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[41,104056,104058],{"className":43,"code":104057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104059,104060,104092,104114,104118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104061,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104063,13779],{"class":56},[50,104065,61],{"class":60},[50,104067,11191],{"class":64},[50,104069,69],{"class":68},[50,104071,13796],{"class":72},[50,104073,69],{"class":68},[50,104075,78],{"class":64},[50,104077,81],{"class":68},[50,104079,13813],{"class":72},[50,104081,69],{"class":68},[50,104083,78],{"class":64},[50,104085,81],{"class":68},[50,104087,18154],{"class":72},[50,104089,69],{"class":68},[50,104091,1445],{"class":64},[50,104093,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104095,2954],{"class":56},[50,104097,61],{"class":60},[50,104099,13827],{"class":56},[50,104101,838],{"class":64},[50,104103,103589],{"class":158},[50,104105,155],{"class":64},[50,104107,69],{"class":68},[50,104109,13813],{"class":72},[50,104111,69],{"class":68},[50,104113,186],{"class":64},[50,104115,104116],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104117,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104119,104120,104122,104124,104126],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104121,366],{"class":151},[50,104123,155],{"class":64},[50,104125,2989],{"class":158},[50,104127,186],{"class":64},[20,104129,189],{},[41,104131,104132],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,104133,104134],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104135,104136],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104137,12512],{"class":1806},[20,104139,104140,104141,1408],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,104142,18201],{},[41,104144,104146],{"className":43,"code":104145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,104147,104148,104180,104198,104202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104149,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104151,13779],{"class":56},[50,104153,61],{"class":60},[50,104155,11191],{"class":64},[50,104157,69],{"class":68},[50,104159,13796],{"class":72},[50,104161,69],{"class":68},[50,104163,78],{"class":64},[50,104165,81],{"class":68},[50,104167,13813],{"class":72},[50,104169,69],{"class":68},[50,104171,78],{"class":64},[50,104173,81],{"class":68},[50,104175,18154],{"class":72},[50,104177,69],{"class":68},[50,104179,1445],{"class":64},[50,104181,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104183,18201],{"class":56},[50,104185,838],{"class":64},[50,104187,103589],{"class":158},[50,104189,155],{"class":64},[50,104191,69],{"class":68},[50,104193,13813],{"class":72},[50,104195,69],{"class":68},[50,104197,186],{"class":64},[50,104199,104200],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104201,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104203,104204,104206,104208,104210],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104205,366],{"class":151},[50,104207,155],{"class":64},[50,104209,18201],{"class":158},[50,104211,186],{"class":64},[20,104213,189],{},[41,104215,104217],{"className":43,"code":104216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,104218,104219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104220,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104222,758],{"class":64},[50,104224,413],{"class":68},[50,104226,13796],{"class":72},[50,104228,413],{"class":68},[50,104230,78],{"class":64},[50,104232,408],{"class":68},[50,104234,18154],{"class":72},[50,104236,413],{"class":68},[50,104238,1445],{"class":64},[36,104240,12178],{"id":12177},[20,104242,104243],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[41,104245,104247],{"className":43,"code":104246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104248,104249,104281,104285,104303,104307,104325,104329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104250,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104252,36916],{"class":56},[50,104254,61],{"class":60},[50,104256,11191],{"class":64},[50,104258,69],{"class":68},[50,104260,4797],{"class":72},[50,104262,69],{"class":68},[50,104264,78],{"class":64},[50,104266,81],{"class":68},[50,104268,4806],{"class":72},[50,104270,69],{"class":68},[50,104272,78],{"class":64},[50,104274,81],{"class":68},[50,104276,33905],{"class":72},[50,104278,69],{"class":68},[50,104280,1445],{"class":64},[50,104282,104283],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104284,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104286,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104288,366],{"class":151},[50,104290,155],{"class":64},[50,104292,69],{"class":68},[50,104294,12267],{"class":72},[50,104296,69],{"class":68},[50,104298,78],{"class":64},[50,104300,53529],{"class":158},[50,104302,186],{"class":64},[50,104304,104305],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104306,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104308,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,104310,36968],{"class":56},[50,104312,838],{"class":64},[50,104314,103589],{"class":158},[50,104316,155],{"class":64},[50,104318,69],{"class":68},[50,104320,4806],{"class":72},[50,104322,69],{"class":68},[50,104324,186],{"class":64},[50,104326,104327],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,104328,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104330,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,104332,366],{"class":151},[50,104334,155],{"class":64},[50,104336,69],{"class":68},[50,104338,12307],{"class":72},[50,104340,69],{"class":68},[50,104342,78],{"class":64},[50,104344,53529],{"class":158},[50,104346,186],{"class":64},[20,104348,189],{},[41,104350,104352],{"className":43,"code":104351,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104353,104354,104386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104355,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104357,12327],{"class":56},[50,104359,1408],{"class":64},[50,104361,11191],{"class":64},[50,104363,413],{"class":68},[50,104365,4806],{"class":72},[50,104367,413],{"class":68},[50,104369,78],{"class":64},[50,104371,408],{"class":68},[50,104373,4797],{"class":72},[50,104375,413],{"class":68},[50,104377,78],{"class":64},[50,104379,408],{"class":68},[50,104381,33905],{"class":72},[50,104383,413],{"class":68},[50,104385,1445],{"class":64},[50,104387,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104389,12380],{"class":56},[50,104391,1408],{"class":64},[50,104393,11191],{"class":64},[50,104395,413],{"class":68},[50,104397,4797],{"class":72},[50,104399,413],{"class":68},[50,104401,78],{"class":64},[50,104403,408],{"class":68},[50,104405,33905],{"class":72},[50,104407,413],{"class":68},[50,104409,1445],{"class":64},[20,104411,104412],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[36,104414,104416],{"id":104415},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104418,104419,104420,104422],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104421,103522],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[41,104424,104426],{"className":43,"code":104425,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104427,104428,104460,104464,104482,104486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104431,36916],{"class":56},[50,104433,61],{"class":60},[50,104435,11191],{"class":64},[50,104437,69],{"class":68},[50,104439,4797],{"class":72},[50,104441,69],{"class":68},[50,104443,78],{"class":64},[50,104445,81],{"class":68},[50,104447,4806],{"class":72},[50,104449,69],{"class":68},[50,104451,78],{"class":64},[50,104453,81],{"class":68},[50,104455,33905],{"class":72},[50,104457,69],{"class":68},[50,104459,1445],{"class":64},[50,104461,104462],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104463,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104465,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104467,36968],{"class":56},[50,104469,838],{"class":64},[50,104471,103589],{"class":158},[50,104473,155],{"class":64},[50,104475,69],{"class":68},[50,104477,23227],{"class":72},[50,104479,69],{"class":68},[50,104481,186],{"class":64},[50,104483,104484],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104485,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104487,104488,104490,104492,104494],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,104489,366],{"class":151},[50,104491,155],{"class":64},[50,104493,36968],{"class":158},[50,104495,186],{"class":64},[20,104497,189],{},[41,104499,104501],{"className":43,"code":104500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104502,104503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104504,104505,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104506,758],{"class":64},[50,104508,413],{"class":68},[50,104510,4806],{"class":72},[50,104512,413],{"class":68},[50,104514,78],{"class":64},[50,104516,408],{"class":68},[50,104518,4797],{"class":72},[50,104520,413],{"class":68},[50,104522,78],{"class":64},[50,104524,408],{"class":68},[50,104526,33905],{"class":72},[50,104528,413],{"class":68},[50,104530,1445],{"class":64},[20,104532,104533],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104535,104536],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[41,104538,104540],{"className":43,"code":104539,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104541,104542,104558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104543,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104545,7711],{"class":137},[50,104547,81],{"class":68},[50,104549,23227],{"class":72},[50,104551,69],{"class":68},[50,104553,21872],{"class":60},[50,104555,53529],{"class":56},[50,104557,2229],{"class":64},[50,104559,104560,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104561,104562],{"class":56},"    fruits",[50,104564,838],{"class":64},[50,104566,35479],{"class":158},[50,104568,155],{"class":64},[50,104570,69],{"class":68},[50,104572,23227],{"class":72},[50,104574,69],{"class":68},[50,104576,186],{"class":64},[20,104578,104579,104580,104582],{},"With ",[15,104581,103522],{},", you can simply write:",[41,104584,104586],{"className":43,"code":104585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104587,104588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104589,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104591,36968],{"class":56},[50,104593,838],{"class":64},[50,104595,103589],{"class":158},[50,104597,155],{"class":64},[50,104599,69],{"class":68},[50,104601,23227],{"class":72},[50,104603,69],{"class":68},[50,104605,186],{"class":64},[36,104607,5681,104609],{"id":104608},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104610,103522],{},[20,104612,221,104613,11302],{},[15,104614,103522],{},[233,104616,104617,104620,104623],{},[236,104618,104619],{},"Missing values are normal",[236,104621,104622],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[236,104624,104625],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104627,104628],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[36,104630,3553],{"id":3552},[20,104632,9158,104633,838],{},[15,104634,103522],{},[1112,104636,2120,104638,104640],{"id":104637},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104639,103522],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104642,5245],{},[41,104644,104646],{"className":43,"code":104645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104647,104648,104668,104686,104690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104651,302],{"class":56},[50,104653,61],{"class":60},[50,104655,11191],{"class":64},[50,104657,309],{"class":111},[50,104659,78],{"class":64},[50,104661,314],{"class":111},[50,104663,78],{"class":64},[50,104665,319],{"class":111},[50,104667,1445],{"class":64},[50,104669,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104671,302],{"class":56},[50,104673,61],{"class":60},[50,104675,4982],{"class":56},[50,104677,838],{"class":64},[50,104679,103589],{"class":158},[50,104681,155],{"class":64},[50,104683,422],{"class":111},[50,104685,186],{"class":64},[50,104687,104688],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104689,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104693,366],{"class":151},[50,104695,155],{"class":64},[50,104697,381],{"class":158},[50,104699,186],{"class":64},[20,104701,104702,42831,104704,9312,104706,3121,104708,838],{},[15,104703,381],{},[15,104705,4501],{},[15,104707,103522],{},[15,104709,4501],{},[20,104711,19539],{},[41,104713,104715],{"className":43,"code":104714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104716,104717,104737,104751,104755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104718,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104720,302],{"class":56},[50,104722,61],{"class":60},[50,104724,11191],{"class":64},[50,104726,309],{"class":111},[50,104728,78],{"class":64},[50,104730,314],{"class":111},[50,104732,78],{"class":64},[50,104734,319],{"class":111},[50,104736,1445],{"class":64},[50,104738,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104740,381],{"class":56},[50,104742,838],{"class":64},[50,104744,103589],{"class":158},[50,104746,155],{"class":64},[50,104748,422],{"class":111},[50,104750,186],{"class":64},[50,104752,104753],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104754,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,104756,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,104758,366],{"class":151},[50,104760,155],{"class":64},[50,104762,381],{"class":158},[50,104764,186],{"class":64},[1112,104766,37881,104768,9416,104770],{"id":104767},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104769,103522],{},[15,104771,56207],{},[20,104773,104774,104775,838],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104776,103522],{},[41,104778,104780],{"className":43,"code":104779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104781,104782,104814,104835],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104783,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104785,326],{"class":56},[50,104787,61],{"class":60},[50,104789,11191],{"class":64},[50,104791,69],{"class":68},[50,104793,335],{"class":72},[50,104795,69],{"class":68},[50,104797,78],{"class":64},[50,104799,81],{"class":68},[50,104801,344],{"class":72},[50,104803,69],{"class":68},[50,104805,78],{"class":64},[50,104807,81],{"class":68},[50,104809,353],{"class":72},[50,104811,69],{"class":68},[50,104813,1445],{"class":64},[50,104815,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104817,36820],{"class":56},[50,104819,838],{"class":64},[50,104821,103589],{"class":158},[50,104823,155],{"class":64},[50,104825,69],{"class":68},[50,104827,22775],{"class":72},[50,104829,69],{"class":68},[50,104831,4382],{"class":64},[50,104833,104834],{"class":4385},"   # safe\n",[50,104836,104837,104839,104841,104843],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104838,366],{"class":151},[50,104840,155],{"class":64},[50,104842,36820],{"class":158},[50,104844,186],{"class":64},[20,104846,104847,104848,46584,104851,838],{},"If you use ",[15,104849,104850],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104852,20386],{},[1112,104854,26307,104856,104858],{"id":104855},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104857,103522],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104860,104861,102875],{},[15,104862,103522],{},[20,104864,17344],{},[41,104866,104868],{"className":43,"code":104867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104869,104870,104890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104871,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104873,8493],{"class":56},[50,104875,61],{"class":60},[50,104877,65],{"class":64},[50,104879,309],{"class":111},[50,104881,78],{"class":64},[50,104883,314],{"class":111},[50,104885,78],{"class":64},[50,104887,319],{"class":111},[50,104889,98],{"class":64},[50,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104893,8522],{"class":56},[50,104895,838],{"class":64},[50,104897,103589],{"class":158},[50,104899,155],{"class":64},[50,104901,422],{"class":111},[50,104903,186],{"class":64},[20,104905,104906,104907,1408],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104908,103522],{},[41,104910,104912],{"className":43,"code":104911,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104913,104914,104934,104948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104915,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104917,8493],{"class":56},[50,104919,61],{"class":60},[50,104921,11191],{"class":64},[50,104923,309],{"class":111},[50,104925,78],{"class":64},[50,104927,314],{"class":111},[50,104929,78],{"class":64},[50,104931,319],{"class":111},[50,104933,1445],{"class":64},[50,104935,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104937,8522],{"class":56},[50,104939,838],{"class":64},[50,104941,103589],{"class":158},[50,104943,155],{"class":64},[50,104945,422],{"class":111},[50,104947,186],{"class":64},[50,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,104951,366],{"class":151},[50,104953,155],{"class":64},[50,104955,8522],{"class":158},[50,104957,186],{"class":64},[1112,104959,104961],{"id":104960},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104963,104964],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104966,3560],{},[41,104968,104970],{"className":43,"code":104969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104971,104972,104992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104973,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104975,1818],{"class":56},[50,104977,61],{"class":60},[50,104979,11191],{"class":64},[50,104981,309],{"class":111},[50,104983,78],{"class":64},[50,104985,314],{"class":111},[50,104987,78],{"class":64},[50,104989,319],{"class":111},[50,104991,1445],{"class":64},[50,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,104995,1845],{"class":56},[50,104997,838],{"class":64},[50,104999,103589],{"class":158},[50,105001,2182],{"class":64},[50,105003,422],{"class":111},[50,105005,2210],{"class":64},[20,105007,105008],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[36,105010,9584],{"id":9583},[20,105012,9587,105013,105015],{},[15,105014,103522],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,105017,105019],{"className":43,"code":105018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,105020,105021,105031,105045,105059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105022,105023,105025,105027,105029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105024,366],{"class":151},[50,105026,155],{"class":64},[50,105028,16369],{"class":158},[50,105030,186],{"class":64},[50,105032,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105034,366],{"class":151},[50,105036,155],{"class":64},[50,105038,3945],{"class":371},[50,105040,155],{"class":64},[50,105042,16369],{"class":158},[50,105044,1077],{"class":64},[50,105046,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105048,366],{"class":151},[50,105050,155],{"class":64},[50,105052,3171],{"class":158},[50,105054,148],{"class":137},[50,105056,97592],{"class":158},[50,105058,186],{"class":64},[50,105060,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105062,32840],{"class":151},[50,105064,155],{"class":64},[50,105066,7000],{"class":371},[50,105068,838],{"class":64},[50,105070,103589],{"class":25443},[50,105072,186],{"class":64},[20,105074,11872],{},[233,105076,105077,105080,105083,105086],{},[236,105078,105079],{},"What is currently in the set",[236,105081,105082],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[236,105084,105085],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[236,105087,105088],{},"How Python documents the method",[36,105090,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,105092,105094],{"id":105093},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,105096,105097,105098,105100],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,105099,103522],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1112,105102,2559,105104,13419],{"id":105103},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,105105,103527],{},[20,105107,5861,105108,105110],{},[15,105109,4501],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1112,105112,5893,105114,827,105116,2582],{"id":105113},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,105115,103522],{},[15,105117,56207],{},[20,105119,105120,105121,27229,105123,105125,105126,105128],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,105122,56207],{},[15,105124,20386],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,105127,103522],{}," does not.",[1112,105130,29019,105132,105134],{"id":105131},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,105133,103522],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,105136,47041,105137,105139],{},[15,105138,103522],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[36,105141,2610],{"id":2609},[233,105143,105144,105150,105156,105161,105165],{},[236,105145,105146],{},[335,105147,97482,105148,11442],{"href":98877},[15,105149,56207],{},[236,105151,105152],{},[335,105153,97482,105154,11442],{"href":98882},[15,105155,13466],{},[236,105157,105158],{},[335,105159,105160],{"href":98551},"Python set: creating a set",[236,105162,105163],{},[335,105164,101017],{"href":99459},[236,105166,105167],{},[335,105168,11964],{"href":11776},[2640,105170,105171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":105173},[105174,105175,105177,105180,105185,105186,105187,105188,105190,105199,105200,105209],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":103699,"depth":101,"text":105176},"What set.discard() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":105178},[105179],{"id":103772,"depth":127,"text":103773},{"id":103852,"depth":101,"text":105181,"children":105182},"What makes discard() different",[105183],{"id":103891,"depth":127,"text":105184},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":104044,"depth":101,"text":104045},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":104415,"depth":101,"text":104416},{"id":104608,"depth":101,"text":105189},"When to use discard()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":105191},[105192,105194,105196,105198],{"id":104637,"depth":127,"text":105193},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104767,"depth":127,"text":105195},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104855,"depth":127,"text":105197},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104960,"depth":127,"text":104961},{"id":9583,"depth":101,"text":9584},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":105201},[105202,105203,105205,105207],{"id":105093,"depth":127,"text":105094},{"id":105103,"depth":127,"text":105204},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":105113,"depth":127,"text":105206},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":105131,"depth":127,"text":105208},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103514,"description":105210},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105217,"title":105218,"body":105219,"description":107225,"extension":2687,"meta":107226,"navigation":130,"path":107227,"seo":107228,"stem":107229,"__hash__":107230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105220,"toc":107183},[105221,105224,105232,105237,105248,105250,105305,105309,105329,105334,105338,105343,105345,105359,105361,105436,105438,105471,105476,105481,105483,105485,105500,105503,105511,105516,105531,105533,105622,105624,105713,105719,105723,105725,105763,105765,105789,105792,105807,105809,105864,105866,105899,105901,105906,105910,105914,105919,105984,105986,106006,106012,106016,106073,106075,106096,106100,106105,106150,106152,106185,106188,106192,106225,106227,106256,106260,106264,106267,106269,106288,106290,106336,106341,106355,106357,106388,106393,106396,106440,106442,106470,106474,106478,106494,106497,106562,106564,106576,106579,106583,106586,106591,106619,106621,106639,106645,106684,106686,106704,106710,106739,106741,106759,106762,106779,106781,106786,106790,106793,106819,106826,106831,106846,106855,106859,106862,106893,106899,106902,106911,106914,106916,106918,106976,106979,107004,107006,107010,107013,107017,107025,107029,107032,107036,107039,107041,107064,107066,107107,107114,107122,107125,107156,107158,107180],[10,105222,105218],{"id":105223},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105225,9835,105226,105228,105229,838],{},[15,105227,4520],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[4465,105230,105231],{},"unique values only",[20,105233,36091,105234,105236],{},[15,105235,4520],{}," to:",[233,105238,105239,105242,105245],{},[236,105240,105241],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[236,105243,105244],{},"check whether a value exists",[236,105246,105247],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[36,105249,39],{"id":38},[41,105251,105253],{"className":43,"code":105252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105254,105255,105279,105294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105256,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105258,302],{"class":56},[50,105260,61],{"class":60},[50,105262,65],{"class":64},[50,105264,309],{"class":111},[50,105266,78],{"class":64},[50,105268,314],{"class":111},[50,105270,78],{"class":64},[50,105272,314],{"class":111},[50,105274,78],{"class":64},[50,105276,319],{"class":111},[50,105278,98],{"class":64},[50,105280,105281,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105282,105283],{"class":56},"unique_numbers ",[50,105285,61],{"class":60},[50,105287,16336],{"class":371},[50,105289,155],{"class":64},[50,105291,381],{"class":158},[50,105293,186],{"class":64},[50,105295,105296,105298,105300,105303],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105297,366],{"class":151},[50,105299,155],{"class":64},[50,105301,105302],{"class":158},"unique_numbers",[50,105304,186],{"class":64},[20,105306,105307],{},[4465,105308,189],{},[41,105310,105311],{"className":43,"code":97275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105312,105313],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105316,758],{"class":64},[50,105318,309],{"class":111},[50,105320,78],{"class":64},[50,105322,314],{"class":111},[50,105324,78],{"class":64},[50,105326,319],{"class":111},[50,105328,1445],{"class":64},[20,105330,221,105331,105333],{},[15,105332,4520],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[36,105335,105337],{"id":105336},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105339,105340,105342],{},[15,105341,4520],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105344,31230],{},[233,105346,105347,105350,105353,105356],{},[236,105348,105349],{},"A set stores unique items only",[236,105351,105352],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[236,105354,105355],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[236,105357,105358],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105360,2931],{},[41,105362,105364],{"className":43,"code":105363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105365,105366,105406,105421,105425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105367,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105369,13779],{"class":56},[50,105371,61],{"class":60},[50,105373,65],{"class":64},[50,105375,69],{"class":68},[50,105377,13796],{"class":72},[50,105379,69],{"class":68},[50,105381,78],{"class":64},[50,105383,81],{"class":68},[50,105385,13813],{"class":72},[50,105387,69],{"class":68},[50,105389,78],{"class":64},[50,105391,81],{"class":68},[50,105393,13796],{"class":72},[50,105395,69],{"class":68},[50,105397,78],{"class":64},[50,105399,81],{"class":68},[50,105401,18154],{"class":72},[50,105403,69],{"class":68},[50,105405,98],{"class":64},[50,105407,105408,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105409,105410],{"class":56},"unique_colors ",[50,105412,61],{"class":60},[50,105414,16336],{"class":371},[50,105416,155],{"class":64},[50,105418,18201],{"class":158},[50,105420,186],{"class":64},[50,105422,105423],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105424,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,105426,105427,105429,105431,105434],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105428,366],{"class":151},[50,105430,155],{"class":64},[50,105432,105433],{"class":158},"unique_colors",[50,105435,186],{"class":64},[20,105437,30719],{},[41,105439,105441],{"className":43,"code":105440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105442,105443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105444,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105446,758],{"class":64},[50,105448,413],{"class":68},[50,105450,13813],{"class":72},[50,105452,413],{"class":68},[50,105454,78],{"class":64},[50,105456,408],{"class":68},[50,105458,18154],{"class":72},[50,105460,413],{"class":68},[50,105462,78],{"class":64},[50,105464,408],{"class":68},[50,105466,13796],{"class":72},[50,105468,413],{"class":68},[50,105470,1445],{"class":64},[20,105472,976,105473,105475],{},[15,105474,66070],{}," appears only once.",[20,105477,105478,105479,838],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[335,105480,96996],{"href":96995},[36,105482,256],{"id":255},[20,105484,2882],{},[41,105486,105488],{"className":43,"code":105487,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105489,105490],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105491,105492,105494,105496,105498],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105493,7000],{"class":371},[50,105495,155],{"class":64},[50,105497,4442],{"class":158},[50,105499,186],{"class":64},[20,105501,105502],{},"The argument is optional.",[233,105504,105505,105508],{},[236,105506,105507],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[236,105509,105510],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105512,105513,105514,1408],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105515,4520],{},[233,105517,105518,105520,105522,105524,105528],{},[236,105519,372],{},[236,105521,49629],{},[236,105523,61853],{},[236,105525,105526],{},[15,105527,36875],{},[236,105529,105530],{},"another set",[20,105532,2848],{},[41,105534,105536],{"className":43,"code":105535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105537,105538,105564,105586,105604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105539,105540,105542,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105541,366],{"class":151},[50,105543,155],{"class":64},[50,105545,7000],{"class":371},[50,105547,2182],{"class":64},[50,105549,309],{"class":111},[50,105551,78],{"class":64},[50,105553,314],{"class":111},[50,105555,78],{"class":64},[50,105557,314],{"class":111},[50,105559,78],{"class":64},[50,105561,319],{"class":111},[50,105563,3721],{"class":64},[50,105565,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105567,366],{"class":151},[50,105569,155],{"class":64},[50,105571,7000],{"class":371},[50,105573,6225],{"class":64},[50,105575,1868],{"class":111},[50,105577,78],{"class":64},[50,105579,1873],{"class":111},[50,105581,78],{"class":64},[50,105583,6717],{"class":111},[50,105585,389],{"class":64},[50,105587,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105589,366],{"class":151},[50,105591,155],{"class":64},[50,105593,7000],{"class":371},[50,105595,155],{"class":64},[50,105597,69],{"class":68},[50,105599,4568],{"class":72},[50,105601,69],{"class":68},[50,105603,1077],{"class":64},[50,105605,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105607,366],{"class":151},[50,105609,155],{"class":64},[50,105611,7000],{"class":371},[50,105613,155],{"class":64},[50,105615,60677],{"class":151},[50,105617,155],{"class":64},[50,105619,1089],{"class":111},[50,105621,389],{"class":64},[20,105623,30719],{},[41,105625,105627],{"className":43,"code":105626,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105628,105629,105645,105657,105693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105630,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105632,758],{"class":64},[50,105634,309],{"class":111},[50,105636,78],{"class":64},[50,105638,314],{"class":111},[50,105640,78],{"class":64},[50,105642,319],{"class":111},[50,105644,1445],{"class":64},[50,105646,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105648,758],{"class":64},[50,105650,1868],{"class":111},[50,105652,78],{"class":64},[50,105654,1873],{"class":111},[50,105656,1445],{"class":64},[50,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105660,758],{"class":64},[50,105662,413],{"class":68},[50,105664,61117],{"class":72},[50,105666,413],{"class":68},[50,105668,78],{"class":64},[50,105670,408],{"class":68},[50,105672,61126],{"class":72},[50,105674,413],{"class":68},[50,105676,78],{"class":64},[50,105678,408],{"class":68},[50,105680,61135],{"class":72},[50,105682,413],{"class":68},[50,105684,78],{"class":64},[50,105686,408],{"class":68},[50,105688,61152],{"class":72},[50,105690,413],{"class":68},[50,105692,1445],{"class":64},[50,105694,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105696,758],{"class":64},[50,105698,2842],{"class":111},[50,105700,78],{"class":64},[50,105702,6212],{"class":111},[50,105704,78],{"class":64},[50,105706,314],{"class":111},[50,105708,78],{"class":64},[50,105710,319],{"class":111},[50,105712,1445],{"class":64},[20,105714,105715,105716,838],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[335,105717,105718],{"href":65525},"Python list() function explained",[36,105720,105722],{"id":105721},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105724,98948],{},[41,105726,105727],{"className":43,"code":99913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105728,105729,105739,105749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105730,105731,105733,105735,105737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105732,98958],{"class":56},[50,105734,61],{"class":60},[50,105736,16336],{"class":371},[50,105738,9354],{"class":64},[50,105740,105741,105743,105745,105747],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105742,366],{"class":151},[50,105744,155],{"class":64},[50,105746,98977],{"class":158},[50,105748,186],{"class":64},[50,105750,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105752,366],{"class":151},[50,105754,155],{"class":64},[50,105756,3945],{"class":371},[50,105758,155],{"class":64},[50,105760,98977],{"class":158},[50,105762,1077],{"class":64},[20,105764,189],{},[41,105766,105767],{"className":43,"code":99956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105768,105769,105775],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105770,105771,105773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105772,7000],{"class":371},[50,105774,9354],{"class":64},[50,105776,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105778,4014],{"class":60},[50,105780,4017],{"class":752},[50,105782,408],{"class":68},[50,105784,7000],{"class":72},[50,105786,413],{"class":68},[50,105788,4026],{"class":60},[20,105790,105791],{},"This is important because:",[233,105793,105794,105799],{},[236,105795,105796,105798],{},[15,105797,4520],{}," creates an empty set",[236,105800,105801,105803,105804,105806],{},[15,105802,4515],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[4465,105805,5351],{}," a set",[20,105808,2931],{},[41,105810,105812],{"className":43,"code":105811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105813,105814,105824,105832,105836,105850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105815,105816,105818,105820,105822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105817,1942],{"class":56},[50,105819,61],{"class":60},[50,105821,16336],{"class":371},[50,105823,9354],{"class":64},[50,105825,105826,105828,105830],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105827,3304],{"class":56},[50,105829,61],{"class":60},[50,105831,10539],{"class":64},[50,105833,105834],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105835,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,105837,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105839,366],{"class":151},[50,105841,155],{"class":64},[50,105843,3945],{"class":371},[50,105845,155],{"class":64},[50,105847,335],{"class":158},[50,105849,1077],{"class":64},[50,105851,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,105853,366],{"class":151},[50,105855,155],{"class":64},[50,105857,3945],{"class":371},[50,105859,155],{"class":64},[50,105861,344],{"class":158},[50,105863,1077],{"class":64},[20,105865,189],{},[41,105867,105869],{"className":43,"code":105868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105870,105871,105885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105872,105873,105875,105877,105879,105881,105883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105874,4014],{"class":60},[50,105876,4017],{"class":752},[50,105878,408],{"class":68},[50,105880,7000],{"class":72},[50,105882,413],{"class":68},[50,105884,4026],{"class":60},[50,105886,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105888,4014],{"class":60},[50,105890,4017],{"class":752},[50,105892,408],{"class":68},[50,105894,9533],{"class":72},[50,105896,413],{"class":68},[50,105898,4026],{"class":60},[20,105900,14750],{},[20,105902,105903,105904,838],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[335,105905,105160],{"href":96999},[36,105907,105909],{"id":105908},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1112,105911,105913],{"id":105912},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105915,105916,105917,838],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105918,4520],{},[41,105920,105922],{"className":43,"code":105921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105923,105924,105956,105970,105974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105925,105926,105928,105930,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105927,302],{"class":56},[50,105929,61],{"class":60},[50,105931,65],{"class":64},[50,105933,309],{"class":111},[50,105935,78],{"class":64},[50,105937,314],{"class":111},[50,105939,78],{"class":64},[50,105941,314],{"class":111},[50,105943,78],{"class":64},[50,105945,319],{"class":111},[50,105947,78],{"class":64},[50,105949,319],{"class":111},[50,105951,78],{"class":64},[50,105953,319],{"class":111},[50,105955,98],{"class":64},[50,105957,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,105959,2954],{"class":56},[50,105961,61],{"class":60},[50,105963,16336],{"class":371},[50,105965,155],{"class":64},[50,105967,381],{"class":158},[50,105969,186],{"class":64},[50,105971,105972],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,105973,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,105975,105976,105978,105980,105982],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,105977,366],{"class":151},[50,105979,155],{"class":64},[50,105981,2989],{"class":158},[50,105983,186],{"class":64},[20,105985,189],{},[41,105987,105988],{"className":43,"code":97275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105989,105990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105991,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105993,758],{"class":64},[50,105995,309],{"class":111},[50,105997,78],{"class":64},[50,105999,314],{"class":111},[50,106001,78],{"class":64},[50,106003,319],{"class":111},[50,106005,1445],{"class":64},[20,106007,106008,106009,838],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[335,106010,99746],{"href":106011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1112,106013,106015],{"id":106014},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[41,106017,106019],{"className":43,"code":106018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106020,106021,106045,106059,106063],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106022,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106024,1321],{"class":56},[50,106026,61],{"class":60},[50,106028,419],{"class":64},[50,106030,2859],{"class":111},[50,106032,78],{"class":64},[50,106034,5325],{"class":111},[50,106036,78],{"class":64},[50,106038,6717],{"class":111},[50,106040,78],{"class":64},[50,106042,38614],{"class":111},[50,106044,186],{"class":64},[50,106046,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106048,2954],{"class":56},[50,106050,61],{"class":60},[50,106052,16336],{"class":371},[50,106054,155],{"class":64},[50,106056,6072],{"class":158},[50,106058,186],{"class":64},[50,106060,106061],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,106062,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,106064,106065,106067,106069,106071],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,106066,366],{"class":151},[50,106068,155],{"class":64},[50,106070,2989],{"class":158},[50,106072,186],{"class":64},[20,106074,189],{},[41,106076,106078],{"className":43,"code":106077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,106079,106080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106081,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106083,758],{"class":64},[50,106085,2859],{"class":111},[50,106087,78],{"class":64},[50,106089,6717],{"class":111},[50,106091,78],{"class":64},[50,106093,38614],{"class":111},[50,106095,1445],{"class":64},[1112,106097,106099],{"id":106098},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,106101,51804,106102,106104],{},[15,106103,4520],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[41,106106,106108],{"className":43,"code":106107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106109,106110,106122,106136,106140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106111,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106113,35372],{"class":56},[50,106115,61],{"class":60},[50,106117,81],{"class":68},[50,106119,4806],{"class":72},[50,106121,4082],{"class":68},[50,106123,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106125,2954],{"class":56},[50,106127,61],{"class":60},[50,106129,16336],{"class":371},[50,106131,155],{"class":64},[50,106133,35393],{"class":158},[50,106135,186],{"class":64},[50,106137,106138],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,106139,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,106141,106142,106144,106146,106148],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,106143,366],{"class":151},[50,106145,155],{"class":64},[50,106147,2989],{"class":158},[50,106149,186],{"class":64},[20,106151,30719],{},[41,106153,106155],{"className":43,"code":106154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,106156,106157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106158,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106160,758],{"class":64},[50,106162,413],{"class":68},[50,106164,344],{"class":72},[50,106166,413],{"class":68},[50,106168,78],{"class":64},[50,106170,408],{"class":68},[50,106172,335],{"class":72},[50,106174,413],{"class":68},[50,106176,78],{"class":64},[50,106178,408],{"class":68},[50,106180,76703],{"class":72},[50,106182,413],{"class":68},[50,106184,1445],{"class":64},[20,106186,106187],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1112,106189,106191],{"id":106190},"from-range","From range()",[41,106193,106195],{"className":43,"code":106194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106196,106197,106215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106198,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106200,2954],{"class":56},[50,106202,61],{"class":60},[50,106204,16336],{"class":371},[50,106206,155],{"class":64},[50,106208,60677],{"class":151},[50,106210,155],{"class":64},[50,106212,2859],{"class":111},[50,106214,1077],{"class":64},[50,106216,106217,106219,106221,106223],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106218,366],{"class":151},[50,106220,155],{"class":64},[50,106222,2989],{"class":158},[50,106224,186],{"class":64},[20,106226,189],{},[41,106228,106230],{"className":43,"code":106229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106231,106232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106233,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106235,758],{"class":64},[50,106237,2842],{"class":111},[50,106239,78],{"class":64},[50,106241,6212],{"class":111},[50,106243,78],{"class":64},[50,106245,314],{"class":111},[50,106247,78],{"class":64},[50,106249,319],{"class":111},[50,106251,78],{"class":64},[50,106253,3181],{"class":111},[50,106255,1445],{"class":64},[36,106257,106259],{"id":106258},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106261,100193,106262,838],{},[4465,106263,97039],{},[20,106265,106266],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106268,100199],{},[233,106270,106271,106275,106279,106283],{},[236,106272,106273],{},[15,106274,2911],{},[236,106276,106277],{},[15,106278,4167],{},[236,106280,106281],{},[15,106282,2915],{},[236,106284,106285,106287],{},[15,106286,49629],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106289,2931],{},[41,106291,106293],{"className":43,"code":106292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106294,106295,106326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106296,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106298,8493],{"class":56},[50,106300,61],{"class":60},[50,106302,11191],{"class":64},[50,106304,309],{"class":111},[50,106306,78],{"class":64},[50,106308,81],{"class":68},[50,106310,4568],{"class":72},[50,106312,69],{"class":68},[50,106314,78],{"class":64},[50,106316,419],{"class":64},[50,106318,1868],{"class":111},[50,106320,78],{"class":64},[50,106322,1873],{"class":111},[50,106324,106325],{"class":64},")}\n",[50,106327,106328,106330,106332,106334],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106329,366],{"class":151},[50,106331,155],{"class":64},[50,106333,8522],{"class":158},[50,106335,186],{"class":64},[20,106337,100261,106338,106340],{},[4465,106339,5351],{}," work inside a set:",[233,106342,106343,106347,106351],{},[236,106344,106345],{},[15,106346,372],{},[236,106348,106349],{},[15,106350,9533],{},[236,106352,106353],{},[15,106354,7000],{},[20,106356,97764],{},[41,106358,106360],{"className":43,"code":106359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106361,106362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106363,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106365,100280],{"class":56},[50,106367,61],{"class":60},[50,106369,100285],{"class":64},[50,106371,309],{"class":111},[50,106373,78],{"class":64},[50,106375,314],{"class":111},[50,106377,2191],{"class":64},[50,106379,65],{"class":64},[50,106381,437],{"class":111},[50,106383,78],{"class":64},[50,106385,3181],{"class":111},[50,106387,14407],{"class":64},[20,106389,77531,106390,106392],{},[15,106391,3727],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106394,106395],{},"A safer example:",[41,106397,106399],{"className":43,"code":106398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106400,106401,106429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106402,106403,106406,106408,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106404,106405],{"class":56},"good_set ",[50,106407,61],{"class":60},[50,106409,106410],{"class":64}," {(",[50,106412,309],{"class":111},[50,106414,78],{"class":64},[50,106416,314],{"class":111},[50,106418,416],{"class":64},[50,106420,419],{"class":64},[50,106422,437],{"class":111},[50,106424,78],{"class":64},[50,106426,3181],{"class":111},[50,106428,106325],{"class":64},[50,106430,106431,106433,106435,106438],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106432,366],{"class":151},[50,106434,155],{"class":64},[50,106436,106437],{"class":158},"good_set",[50,106439,186],{"class":64},[20,106441,189],{},[41,106443,106445],{"className":43,"code":106444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106446,106447],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106448,106449,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106450,106451],{"class":64},"{(",[50,106453,309],{"class":111},[50,106455,78],{"class":64},[50,106457,314],{"class":111},[50,106459,416],{"class":64},[50,106461,419],{"class":64},[50,106463,437],{"class":111},[50,106465,78],{"class":64},[50,106467,3181],{"class":111},[50,106469,106325],{"class":64},[36,106471,106473],{"id":106472},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106475,221,106476,11302],{},[15,106477,4520],{},[233,106479,106480,106483,106488,106491],{},[236,106481,106482],{},"you need unique values only",[236,106484,106485,106486],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106487,148],{},[236,106489,106490],{},"order does not matter",[236,106492,106493],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106495,106496],{},"Example of membership checking:",[41,106498,106500],{"className":43,"code":106499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106501,106502,106527,106531,106547],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106503,106504,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106520,106522,106525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106505,106506],{"class":56},"allowed_ids ",[50,106508,61],{"class":60},[50,106510,16336],{"class":371},[50,106512,2182],{"class":64},[50,106514,1793],{"class":111},[50,106516,78],{"class":64},[50,106518,106519],{"class":111}," 102",[50,106521,78],{"class":64},[50,106523,106524],{"class":111}," 103",[50,106526,2210],{"class":64},[50,106528,106529],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106530,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,106532,106533,106535,106537,106540,106542,106545],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,106534,366],{"class":151},[50,106536,155],{"class":64},[50,106538,106539],{"class":111},"102",[50,106541,21872],{"class":137},[50,106543,106544],{"class":158}," allowed_ids",[50,106546,186],{"class":64},[50,106548,106549,106551,106553,106556,106558,106560],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,106550,366],{"class":151},[50,106552,155],{"class":64},[50,106554,106555],{"class":111},"999",[50,106557,21872],{"class":137},[50,106559,106544],{"class":158},[50,106561,186],{"class":64},[20,106563,189],{},[41,106565,106566],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106567,106568,106572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106569,106570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106571,1962],{"class":1806},[50,106573,106574],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106575,1967],{"class":1806},[20,106577,106578],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[36,106580,106582],{"id":106581},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106584,106585],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1112,106587,221,106589,98890],{"id":106588},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106590,4520],{},[41,106592,106593],{"className":43,"code":98951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106594,106595,106605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106596,106597,106599,106601,106603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106598,98958],{"class":56},[50,106600,61],{"class":60},[50,106602,16336],{"class":371},[50,106604,9354],{"class":64},[50,106606,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106608,366],{"class":151},[50,106610,155],{"class":64},[50,106612,3945],{"class":371},[50,106614,155],{"class":64},[50,106616,98977],{"class":158},[50,106618,1077],{"class":64},[20,106620,189],{},[41,106622,106623],{"className":43,"code":9564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106624,106625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106626,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106628,4014],{"class":60},[50,106630,4017],{"class":752},[50,106632,408],{"class":68},[50,106634,7000],{"class":72},[50,106636,413],{"class":68},[50,106638,4026],{"class":60},[1112,106640,221,106642,106644],{"id":106641},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106643,100950],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[41,106646,106648],{"className":43,"code":106647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106649,106650,106670],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106651,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106653,302],{"class":56},[50,106655,61],{"class":60},[50,106657,11191],{"class":64},[50,106659,309],{"class":111},[50,106661,78],{"class":64},[50,106663,314],{"class":111},[50,106665,78],{"class":64},[50,106667,319],{"class":111},[50,106669,1445],{"class":64},[50,106671,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106673,366],{"class":151},[50,106675,155],{"class":64},[50,106677,3945],{"class":371},[50,106679,155],{"class":64},[50,106681,381],{"class":158},[50,106683,1077],{"class":64},[20,106685,189],{},[41,106687,106688],{"className":43,"code":9564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106689,106690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106691,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106693,4014],{"class":60},[50,106695,4017],{"class":752},[50,106697,408],{"class":68},[50,106699,7000],{"class":72},[50,106701,413],{"class":68},[50,106703,4026],{"class":60},[1112,106705,221,106707,106709],{"id":106706},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106708,4515],{}," for an empty dictionary",[41,106711,106713],{"className":43,"code":106712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106714,106715,106724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106716,106717,106720,106722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106718,106719],{"class":56},"empty_dict ",[50,106721,61],{"class":60},[50,106723,10539],{"class":64},[50,106725,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106737],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106727,366],{"class":151},[50,106729,155],{"class":64},[50,106731,3945],{"class":371},[50,106733,155],{"class":64},[50,106735,106736],{"class":158},"empty_dict",[50,106738,1077],{"class":64},[20,106740,189],{},[41,106742,106743],{"className":43,"code":9520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106744,106745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106746,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106748,4014],{"class":60},[50,106750,4017],{"class":752},[50,106752,408],{"class":68},[50,106754,9533],{"class":72},[50,106756,413],{"class":68},[50,106758,4026],{"class":60},[20,106760,106761],{},"So the rule is simple:",[233,106763,106764,106769,106774],{},[236,106765,106766,106768],{},[15,106767,4520],{}," → empty set",[236,106770,106771,106773],{},[15,106772,100950],{}," → non-empty set",[236,106775,106776,106778],{},[15,106777,4515],{}," → empty dictionary",[36,106780,3553],{"id":3552},[20,106782,106783,106784,838],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106785,4520],{},[1112,106787,2447,106788,100548],{"id":100545},[15,106789,4515],{},[20,106791,106792],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[41,106794,106795],{"className":43,"code":100554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106796,106797,106805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106798,106799,106801,106803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106800,3171],{"class":56},[50,106802,61],{"class":60},[50,106804,10539],{"class":64},[50,106806,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106808,366],{"class":151},[50,106810,155],{"class":64},[50,106812,3945],{"class":371},[50,106814,155],{"class":64},[50,106816,3197],{"class":158},[50,106818,1077],{"class":64},[1112,106820,106822,106823],{"id":106821},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106824,106825],{},"set(5)",[20,106827,106828,106830],{},[15,106829,4520],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[41,106832,106834],{"className":43,"code":106833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(5)\n",[15,106835,106836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106837,106838,106840,106842,106844],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106839,7000],{"class":371},[50,106841,155],{"class":64},[50,106843,2859],{"class":111},[50,106845,186],{"class":64},[20,106847,3724,106848,106850,106851,838],{},[15,106849,3727],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[335,106852,106854],{"href":106853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1112,106856,106858],{"id":106857},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106860,106861],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[41,106863,106865],{"className":43,"code":106864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106866,106867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106870,3171],{"class":56},[50,106872,61],{"class":60},[50,106874,100285],{"class":64},[50,106876,309],{"class":111},[50,106878,78],{"class":64},[50,106880,314],{"class":111},[50,106882,2191],{"class":64},[50,106884,65],{"class":64},[50,106886,437],{"class":111},[50,106888,78],{"class":64},[50,106890,3181],{"class":111},[50,106892,14407],{"class":64},[1112,106894,2120,106896,106898],{"id":106895},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106897,4520],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106900,106901],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1112,106903,37881,106905,9416,106907,3602,106909],{"id":106904},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106906,4520],{},[15,106908,25474],{},[15,106910,9832],{},[20,106912,106913],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[36,106915,61389],{"id":61388},[20,106917,11815],{},[41,106919,106921],{"className":43,"code":106920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106922,106923,106938,106948,106962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106926,366],{"class":151},[50,106928,155],{"class":64},[50,106930,3945],{"class":371},[50,106932,155],{"class":64},[50,106934,106935],{"class":158},"my_value",[50,106937,1077],{"class":64},[50,106939,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,106941,366],{"class":151},[50,106943,155],{"class":64},[50,106945,106935],{"class":158},[50,106947,186],{"class":64},[50,106949,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,106951,366],{"class":151},[50,106953,155],{"class":64},[50,106955,372],{"class":371},[50,106957,155],{"class":64},[50,106959,16369],{"class":158},[50,106961,1077],{"class":64},[50,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,106965,366],{"class":151},[50,106967,155],{"class":64},[50,106969,1060],{"class":151},[50,106971,155],{"class":64},[50,106973,16369],{"class":158},[50,106975,1077],{"class":64},[20,106977,106978],{},"What they help you see:",[233,106980,106981,106987,106992,106998],{},[236,106982,106983,106986],{},[15,106984,106985],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[236,106988,106989,91216],{},[15,106990,106991],{},"print(my_value)",[236,106993,106994,106997],{},[15,106995,106996],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[236,106999,107000,107003],{},[15,107001,107002],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[36,107005,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,107007,107009],{"id":107008},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,107011,107012],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1112,107014,107016],{"id":107015},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,107018,221,107019,107021,107022,107024],{},[15,107020,4520],{},". Do not use ",[15,107023,4515],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1112,107026,107028],{"id":107027},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,107030,107031],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1112,107033,107035],{"id":107034},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,107037,107038],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,107040,2931],{},[41,107042,107044],{"className":43,"code":107043,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,107045,107046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107047,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107049,366],{"class":151},[50,107051,155],{"class":64},[50,107053,7000],{"class":371},[50,107055,155],{"class":64},[50,107057,69],{"class":68},[50,107059,4797],{"class":72},[50,107061,69],{"class":68},[50,107063,1077],{"class":64},[20,107065,30719],{},[41,107067,107069],{"className":43,"code":107068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,107070,107071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107072,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107074,758],{"class":64},[50,107076,413],{"class":68},[50,107078,335],{"class":72},[50,107080,413],{"class":68},[50,107082,78],{"class":64},[50,107084,408],{"class":68},[50,107086,20],{"class":72},[50,107088,413],{"class":68},[50,107090,78],{"class":64},[50,107092,408],{"class":68},[50,107094,61135],{"class":72},[50,107096,413],{"class":68},[50,107098,78],{"class":64},[50,107100,408],{"class":68},[50,107102,61126],{"class":72},[50,107104,413],{"class":68},[50,107106,1445],{"class":64},[1112,107108,5871,107110,107113],{"id":107109},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,107111,107112],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,107115,107116,29376,107118,107121],{},[15,107117,4520],{},[4465,107119,107120],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,107123,107124],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[41,107126,107128],{"className":43,"code":107127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,107129,107130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107131,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107133,366],{"class":151},[50,107135,155],{"class":64},[50,107137,7000],{"class":371},[50,107139,2182],{"class":64},[50,107141,309],{"class":111},[50,107143,78],{"class":64},[50,107145,314],{"class":111},[50,107147,78],{"class":64},[50,107149,319],{"class":111},[50,107151,78],{"class":64},[50,107153,3181],{"class":111},[50,107155,3721],{"class":64},[36,107157,2610],{"id":2609},[233,107159,107160,107164,107168,107172,107176],{},[236,107161,107162],{},[335,107163,96996],{"href":96995},[236,107165,107166],{},[335,107167,105160],{"href":96999},[236,107169,107170],{},[335,107171,101012],{"href":106011},[236,107173,107174],{},[335,107175,105718],{"href":65525},[236,107177,107178],{},[335,107179,106854],{"href":106853},[2640,107181,107182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":107184},[107185,107186,107187,107188,107189,107195,107196,107197,107205,107215,107216,107224],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":105336,"depth":101,"text":105337},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":105721,"depth":101,"text":105722},{"id":105908,"depth":101,"text":105909,"children":107190},[107191,107192,107193,107194],{"id":105912,"depth":127,"text":105913},{"id":106014,"depth":127,"text":106015},{"id":106098,"depth":127,"text":106099},{"id":106190,"depth":127,"text":106191},{"id":106258,"depth":101,"text":106259},{"id":106472,"depth":101,"text":106473},{"id":106581,"depth":101,"text":106582,"children":107198},[107199,107201,107203],{"id":106588,"depth":127,"text":107200},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106641,"depth":127,"text":107202},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106706,"depth":127,"text":107204},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":107206},[107207,107208,107210,107211,107213],{"id":100545,"depth":127,"text":101053},{"id":106821,"depth":127,"text":107209},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106857,"depth":127,"text":106858},{"id":106895,"depth":127,"text":107212},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106904,"depth":127,"text":107214},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61388,"depth":101,"text":61389},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":107217},[107218,107219,107220,107221,107222],{"id":107008,"depth":127,"text":107009},{"id":107015,"depth":127,"text":107016},{"id":107027,"depth":127,"text":107028},{"id":107034,"depth":127,"text":107035},{"id":107109,"depth":127,"text":107223},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105218,"description":107225},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107232,"title":107233,"body":107234,"description":108749,"extension":2687,"meta":108750,"navigation":130,"path":108751,"seo":108752,"stem":108753,"__hash__":108754},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107235,"toc":108725},[107236,107242,107247,107250,107333,107338,107343,107348,107350,107363,107367,107369,107388,107391,107414,107417,107428,107430,107511,107513,107530,107532,107538,107541,107636,107638,107669,107671,107679,107681,107684,107795,107797,107822,107824,107846,107851,107856,107862,107971,107973,107989,107992,107995,108078,108080,108097,108105,108107,108111,108117,108208,108210,108243,108248,108255,108332,108334,108351,108357,108359,108363,108379,108382,108408,108410,108471,108473,108596,108598,108649,108655,108657,108662,108664,108670,108673,108677,108680,108684,108687,108697,108699,108722],[10,107237,13,107239,12024],{"id":107238},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107240,107241],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107243,2704,107244,107246],{},[15,107245,107241],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107248,107249],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[41,107251,107253],{"className":43,"code":107252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107254,107255,107275,107295,107299,107318,107328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107258,1942],{"class":56},[50,107260,61],{"class":60},[50,107262,11191],{"class":64},[50,107264,309],{"class":111},[50,107266,78],{"class":64},[50,107268,314],{"class":111},[50,107270,78],{"class":64},[50,107272,319],{"class":111},[50,107274,1445],{"class":64},[50,107276,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107278,3304],{"class":56},[50,107280,61],{"class":60},[50,107282,11191],{"class":64},[50,107284,422],{"class":111},[50,107286,78],{"class":64},[50,107288,319],{"class":111},[50,107290,78],{"class":64},[50,107292,3181],{"class":111},[50,107294,1445],{"class":64},[50,107296,107297],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,107298,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107312,107314,107316],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,107302,2954],{"class":56},[50,107304,61],{"class":60},[50,107306,1912],{"class":56},[50,107308,838],{"class":64},[50,107310,107311],{"class":158},"intersection",[50,107313,155],{"class":64},[50,107315,344],{"class":158},[50,107317,186],{"class":64},[50,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,107321,366],{"class":151},[50,107323,155],{"class":64},[50,107325,2989],{"class":158},[50,107327,186],{"class":64},[50,107329,107330],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,107331,107332],{"class":4385},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107334,221,107335,107337],{},[15,107336,103459],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[36,107339,13699,107341,13702],{"id":107340},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107342,103459],{},[20,107344,107345,107347],{},[15,107346,103459],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107349,13755],{},[233,107351,107352,107355,107357,107360],{},[236,107353,107354],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[236,107356,101229],{},[236,107358,107359],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[236,107361,107362],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107364,96992,107365,838],{},[335,107366,96996],{"href":96995},[36,107368,256],{"id":255},[41,107370,107372],{"className":43,"code":107371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107373,107374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107375,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107377,101253],{"class":56},[50,107379,838],{"class":64},[50,107381,107311],{"class":158},[50,107383,155],{"class":64},[50,107385,101262],{"class":158},[50,107387,186],{"class":64},[20,107389,107390],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[41,107392,107394],{"className":43,"code":107393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107395,107396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107397,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107399,101253],{"class":56},[50,107401,838],{"class":64},[50,107403,107311],{"class":158},[50,107405,155],{"class":64},[50,107407,101262],{"class":158},[50,107409,78],{"class":64},[50,107411,101289],{"class":158},[50,107413,186],{"class":64},[20,107415,107416],{},"Important notes:",[233,107418,107419,107422,107425],{},[236,107420,107421],{},"The result is always a new set",[236,107423,107424],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[236,107426,107427],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107429,2931],{},[41,107431,107433],{"className":43,"code":107432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107434,107435,107459,107479,107483,107501],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107436,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107438,1942],{"class":56},[50,107440,61],{"class":60},[50,107442,11191],{"class":64},[50,107444,309],{"class":111},[50,107446,78],{"class":64},[50,107448,314],{"class":111},[50,107450,78],{"class":64},[50,107452,319],{"class":111},[50,107454,78],{"class":64},[50,107456,3181],{"class":111},[50,107458,1445],{"class":64},[50,107460,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107462,3304],{"class":56},[50,107464,61],{"class":60},[50,107466,11191],{"class":64},[50,107468,437],{"class":111},[50,107470,78],{"class":64},[50,107472,3181],{"class":111},[50,107474,78],{"class":64},[50,107476,5325],{"class":111},[50,107478,1445],{"class":64},[50,107480,107481],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,107482,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107484,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,107486,2954],{"class":56},[50,107488,61],{"class":60},[50,107490,1912],{"class":56},[50,107492,838],{"class":64},[50,107494,107311],{"class":158},[50,107496,155],{"class":64},[50,107498,344],{"class":158},[50,107500,186],{"class":64},[50,107502,107503,107505,107507,107509],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,107504,366],{"class":151},[50,107506,155],{"class":64},[50,107508,2989],{"class":158},[50,107510,186],{"class":64},[20,107512,189],{},[41,107514,107516],{"className":43,"code":107515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107517,107518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107521,758],{"class":64},[50,107523,437],{"class":111},[50,107525,78],{"class":64},[50,107527,3181],{"class":111},[50,107529,1445],{"class":64},[36,107531,18117],{"id":18116},[20,107533,107534,22673,107536,838],{},[15,107535,103459],{},[4465,107537,7000],{},[20,107539,107540],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[41,107542,107544],{"className":43,"code":107543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107545,107546,107566,107586,107590,107608,107612,107622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107547,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107549,1942],{"class":56},[50,107551,61],{"class":60},[50,107553,11191],{"class":64},[50,107555,309],{"class":111},[50,107557,78],{"class":64},[50,107559,314],{"class":111},[50,107561,78],{"class":64},[50,107563,319],{"class":111},[50,107565,1445],{"class":64},[50,107567,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107569,3304],{"class":56},[50,107571,61],{"class":60},[50,107573,11191],{"class":64},[50,107575,422],{"class":111},[50,107577,78],{"class":64},[50,107579,319],{"class":111},[50,107581,78],{"class":64},[50,107583,3181],{"class":111},[50,107585,1445],{"class":64},[50,107587,107588],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,107589,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,107593,2954],{"class":56},[50,107595,61],{"class":60},[50,107597,1912],{"class":56},[50,107599,838],{"class":64},[50,107601,107311],{"class":158},[50,107603,155],{"class":64},[50,107605,344],{"class":158},[50,107607,186],{"class":64},[50,107609,107610],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,107611,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107613,107614,107616,107618,107620],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,107615,366],{"class":151},[50,107617,155],{"class":64},[50,107619,2989],{"class":158},[50,107621,186],{"class":64},[50,107623,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,107625,366],{"class":151},[50,107627,155],{"class":64},[50,107629,3945],{"class":371},[50,107631,155],{"class":64},[50,107633,2989],{"class":158},[50,107635,1077],{"class":64},[20,107637,189],{},[41,107639,107641],{"className":43,"code":107640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107642,107643,107655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107644,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107646,758],{"class":64},[50,107648,422],{"class":111},[50,107650,78],{"class":64},[50,107652,319],{"class":111},[50,107654,1445],{"class":64},[50,107656,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107658,4014],{"class":60},[50,107660,4017],{"class":752},[50,107662,408],{"class":68},[50,107664,7000],{"class":72},[50,107666,413],{"class":68},[50,107668,4026],{"class":60},[20,107670,86479],{},[233,107672,107673,107676],{},[236,107674,107675],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[236,107677,107678],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[36,107680,12178],{"id":12177},[20,107682,107683],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[41,107685,107687],{"className":43,"code":107686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107688,107689,107722,107755,107759,107780,107784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107690,107691,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107692,107693],{"class":56},"colors1 ",[50,107695,61],{"class":60},[50,107697,11191],{"class":64},[50,107699,69],{"class":68},[50,107701,13796],{"class":72},[50,107703,69],{"class":68},[50,107705,78],{"class":64},[50,107707,81],{"class":68},[50,107709,13813],{"class":72},[50,107711,69],{"class":68},[50,107713,78],{"class":64},[50,107715,81],{"class":68},[50,107717,18154],{"class":72},[50,107719,69],{"class":68},[50,107721,1445],{"class":64},[50,107723,107724,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107725,107726],{"class":56},"colors2 ",[50,107728,61],{"class":60},[50,107730,11191],{"class":64},[50,107732,69],{"class":68},[50,107734,18154],{"class":72},[50,107736,69],{"class":68},[50,107738,78],{"class":64},[50,107740,81],{"class":68},[50,107742,23218],{"class":72},[50,107744,69],{"class":68},[50,107746,78],{"class":64},[50,107748,81],{"class":68},[50,107750,13813],{"class":72},[50,107752,69],{"class":68},[50,107754,1445],{"class":64},[50,107756,107757],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,107758,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107760,107761,107764,107766,107769,107771,107773,107775,107778],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,107762,107763],{"class":56},"common_colors ",[50,107765,61],{"class":60},[50,107767,107768],{"class":56}," colors1",[50,107770,838],{"class":64},[50,107772,107311],{"class":158},[50,107774,155],{"class":64},[50,107776,107777],{"class":158},"colors2",[50,107779,186],{"class":64},[50,107781,107782],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,107783,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107785,107786,107788,107790,107793],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,107787,366],{"class":151},[50,107789,155],{"class":64},[50,107791,107792],{"class":158},"common_colors",[50,107794,186],{"class":64},[20,107796,189],{},[41,107798,107800],{"className":43,"code":107799,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107801,107802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107803,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107805,758],{"class":64},[50,107807,413],{"class":68},[50,107809,13813],{"class":72},[50,107811,413],{"class":68},[50,107813,78],{"class":64},[50,107815,408],{"class":68},[50,107817,18154],{"class":72},[50,107819,413],{"class":68},[50,107821,1445],{"class":64},[20,107823,12387],{},[233,107825,107826,107832,107836,107841],{},[236,107827,107828,107831],{},[15,107829,107830],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[236,107833,107834,107831],{},[15,107835,107777],{},[236,107837,107838,107840],{},[15,107839,103459],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[236,107842,107843,107844],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107845,107792],{},[36,107847,2447,107849,101826],{"id":107848},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107850,103459],{},[20,107852,107853,107854,838],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107855,103459],{},[20,107857,107858,107859,107861],{},"Only the values found in ",[4465,107860,4437],{}," inputs will be kept.",[41,107863,107865],{"className":43,"code":107864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107866,107867,107891,107915,107935,107939,107961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107868,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107870,1942],{"class":56},[50,107872,61],{"class":60},[50,107874,11191],{"class":64},[50,107876,309],{"class":111},[50,107878,78],{"class":64},[50,107880,314],{"class":111},[50,107882,78],{"class":64},[50,107884,319],{"class":111},[50,107886,78],{"class":64},[50,107888,3181],{"class":111},[50,107890,1445],{"class":64},[50,107892,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,107894,3304],{"class":56},[50,107896,61],{"class":60},[50,107898,11191],{"class":64},[50,107900,422],{"class":111},[50,107902,78],{"class":64},[50,107904,319],{"class":111},[50,107906,78],{"class":64},[50,107908,3181],{"class":111},[50,107910,78],{"class":64},[50,107912,5325],{"class":111},[50,107914,1445],{"class":64},[50,107916,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,107918,83854],{"class":56},[50,107920,61],{"class":60},[50,107922,11191],{"class":64},[50,107924,437],{"class":111},[50,107926,78],{"class":64},[50,107928,3181],{"class":111},[50,107930,78],{"class":64},[50,107932,38321],{"class":111},[50,107934,1445],{"class":64},[50,107936,107937],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,107938,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,107940,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,107942,2954],{"class":56},[50,107944,61],{"class":60},[50,107946,1912],{"class":56},[50,107948,838],{"class":64},[50,107950,107311],{"class":158},[50,107952,155],{"class":64},[50,107954,344],{"class":158},[50,107956,78],{"class":64},[50,107958,10383],{"class":158},[50,107960,186],{"class":64},[50,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,107964,366],{"class":151},[50,107966,155],{"class":64},[50,107968,2989],{"class":158},[50,107970,186],{"class":64},[20,107972,189],{},[41,107974,107975],{"className":43,"code":107515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,107976,107977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107978,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107980,758],{"class":64},[50,107982,437],{"class":111},[50,107984,78],{"class":64},[50,107986,3181],{"class":111},[50,107988,1445],{"class":64},[20,107990,107991],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107993,107994],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[41,107996,107998],{"className":43,"code":107997,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107999,108000,108024,108028,108068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108003,1942],{"class":56},[50,108005,61],{"class":60},[50,108007,11191],{"class":64},[50,108009,309],{"class":111},[50,108011,78],{"class":64},[50,108013,314],{"class":111},[50,108015,78],{"class":64},[50,108017,319],{"class":111},[50,108019,78],{"class":64},[50,108021,3181],{"class":111},[50,108023,1445],{"class":64},[50,108025,108026],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108027,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108029,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108031,2954],{"class":56},[50,108033,61],{"class":60},[50,108035,1912],{"class":56},[50,108037,838],{"class":64},[50,108039,107311],{"class":158},[50,108041,2182],{"class":64},[50,108043,422],{"class":111},[50,108045,78],{"class":64},[50,108047,3181],{"class":111},[50,108049,78],{"class":64},[50,108051,38321],{"class":111},[50,108053,2191],{"class":64},[50,108055,419],{"class":64},[50,108057,309],{"class":111},[50,108059,78],{"class":64},[50,108061,314],{"class":111},[50,108063,78],{"class":64},[50,108065,3181],{"class":111},[50,108067,1077],{"class":64},[50,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108071,366],{"class":151},[50,108073,155],{"class":64},[50,108075,2989],{"class":158},[50,108077,186],{"class":64},[20,108079,189],{},[41,108081,108083],{"className":43,"code":108082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 4}\n",[15,108084,108085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108086,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108088,758],{"class":64},[50,108090,422],{"class":111},[50,108092,78],{"class":64},[50,108094,3181],{"class":111},[50,108096,1445],{"class":64},[36,108098,108100,11286,108102],{"id":108099},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,108101,103459],{},[15,108103,108104],{},"intersection_update()",[20,108106,101996],{},[1112,108108,108109],{"id":107311},[15,108110,103459],{},[233,108112,108113,108115],{},[236,108114,102005],{},[236,108116,102008],{},[41,108118,108120],{"className":43,"code":108119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,108121,108122,108142,108162,108166,108184,108188,108198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108123,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108125,1942],{"class":56},[50,108127,61],{"class":60},[50,108129,11191],{"class":64},[50,108131,309],{"class":111},[50,108133,78],{"class":64},[50,108135,314],{"class":111},[50,108137,78],{"class":64},[50,108139,319],{"class":111},[50,108141,1445],{"class":64},[50,108143,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108145,3304],{"class":56},[50,108147,61],{"class":60},[50,108149,11191],{"class":64},[50,108151,422],{"class":111},[50,108153,78],{"class":64},[50,108155,319],{"class":111},[50,108157,78],{"class":64},[50,108159,3181],{"class":111},[50,108161,1445],{"class":64},[50,108163,108164],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108165,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108167,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108169,2954],{"class":56},[50,108171,61],{"class":60},[50,108173,1912],{"class":56},[50,108175,838],{"class":64},[50,108177,107311],{"class":158},[50,108179,155],{"class":64},[50,108181,344],{"class":158},[50,108183,186],{"class":64},[50,108185,108186],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,108187,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,108191,366],{"class":151},[50,108193,155],{"class":64},[50,108195,335],{"class":158},[50,108197,186],{"class":64},[50,108199,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,108201,366],{"class":151},[50,108203,155],{"class":64},[50,108205,2989],{"class":158},[50,108207,186],{"class":64},[20,108209,189],{},[41,108211,108213],{"className":43,"code":108212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,108214,108215,108231],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108216,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108218,758],{"class":64},[50,108220,309],{"class":111},[50,108222,78],{"class":64},[50,108224,314],{"class":111},[50,108226,78],{"class":64},[50,108228,319],{"class":111},[50,108230,1445],{"class":64},[50,108232,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108234,758],{"class":64},[50,108236,422],{"class":111},[50,108238,78],{"class":64},[50,108240,319],{"class":111},[50,108242,1445],{"class":64},[1112,108244,108246],{"id":108245},"intersection_update",[15,108247,108104],{},[233,108249,108250,108252],{},[236,108251,102148],{},[236,108253,108254],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[41,108256,108258],{"className":43,"code":108257,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108259,108260,108280,108300,108304,108318,108322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108261,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108263,1942],{"class":56},[50,108265,61],{"class":60},[50,108267,11191],{"class":64},[50,108269,309],{"class":111},[50,108271,78],{"class":64},[50,108273,314],{"class":111},[50,108275,78],{"class":64},[50,108277,319],{"class":111},[50,108279,1445],{"class":64},[50,108281,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296,108298],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108283,3304],{"class":56},[50,108285,61],{"class":60},[50,108287,11191],{"class":64},[50,108289,422],{"class":111},[50,108291,78],{"class":64},[50,108293,319],{"class":111},[50,108295,78],{"class":64},[50,108297,3181],{"class":111},[50,108299,1445],{"class":64},[50,108301,108302],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108303,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108305,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108307,335],{"class":56},[50,108309,838],{"class":64},[50,108311,108245],{"class":158},[50,108313,155],{"class":64},[50,108315,344],{"class":158},[50,108317,186],{"class":64},[50,108319,108320],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,108321,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108323,108324,108326,108328,108330],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,108325,366],{"class":151},[50,108327,155],{"class":64},[50,108329,335],{"class":158},[50,108331,186],{"class":64},[20,108333,189],{},[41,108335,108337],{"className":43,"code":108336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108338,108339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108340,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108342,758],{"class":64},[50,108344,422],{"class":111},[50,108346,78],{"class":64},[50,108348,319],{"class":111},[50,108350,1445],{"class":64},[20,108352,108353,108354,108356],{},"Choose ",[15,108355,103459],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[36,108358,5238],{"id":5237},[20,108360,15435,108361,1408],{},[15,108362,103459],{},[233,108364,108365,108368,108371,108374],{},[236,108366,108367],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[236,108369,108370],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[236,108372,108373],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[236,108375,108376,108377],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108378,103459],{},[20,108380,108381],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[233,108383,108384,108389,108392,108405],{},[236,108385,2447,108386,108388],{},[15,108387,103459],{}," when order matters",[236,108390,108391],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[236,108393,37881,108394,9416,108396,3602,108401],{},[15,108395,103459],{},[335,108397,108399],{"href":108398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108400,103467],{},[335,108402,108403],{"href":103508},[15,108404,101082],{},[236,108406,108407],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108409,30825],{},[41,108411,108413],{"className":43,"code":108412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108414,108415,108425,108439,108457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108416,108417,108419,108421,108423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108418,366],{"class":151},[50,108420,155],{"class":64},[50,108422,16369],{"class":158},[50,108424,186],{"class":64},[50,108426,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108428,366],{"class":151},[50,108430,155],{"class":64},[50,108432,3945],{"class":371},[50,108434,155],{"class":64},[50,108436,2989],{"class":158},[50,108438,1077],{"class":64},[50,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451,108453,108455],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108442,366],{"class":151},[50,108444,155],{"class":64},[50,108446,101253],{"class":158},[50,108448,838],{"class":64},[50,108450,107311],{"class":158},[50,108452,155],{"class":64},[50,108454,101262],{"class":158},[50,108456,1077],{"class":64},[50,108458,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108460,366],{"class":151},[50,108462,155],{"class":64},[50,108464,1060],{"class":151},[50,108466,155],{"class":64},[50,108468,2989],{"class":158},[50,108470,1077],{"class":64},[20,108472,2931],{},[41,108474,108476],{"className":43,"code":108475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108477,108478,108502,108522,108526,108544,108548,108558,108568,108582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108479,108480,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108496,108498,108500],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108481,302],{"class":56},[50,108483,61],{"class":60},[50,108485,11191],{"class":64},[50,108487,309],{"class":111},[50,108489,78],{"class":64},[50,108491,314],{"class":111},[50,108493,78],{"class":64},[50,108495,314],{"class":111},[50,108497,78],{"class":64},[50,108499,319],{"class":111},[50,108501,1445],{"class":64},[50,108503,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108516,108518,108520],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108505,44226],{"class":56},[50,108507,61],{"class":60},[50,108509,11191],{"class":64},[50,108511,422],{"class":111},[50,108513,78],{"class":64},[50,108515,319],{"class":111},[50,108517,78],{"class":64},[50,108519,3181],{"class":111},[50,108521,1445],{"class":64},[50,108523,108524],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108525,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108527,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108529,2954],{"class":56},[50,108531,61],{"class":60},[50,108533,4982],{"class":56},[50,108535,838],{"class":64},[50,108537,107311],{"class":158},[50,108539,155],{"class":64},[50,108541,31432],{"class":158},[50,108543,186],{"class":64},[50,108545,108546],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,108547,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108549,108550,108552,108554,108556],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,108551,366],{"class":151},[50,108553,155],{"class":64},[50,108555,381],{"class":158},[50,108557,186],{"class":64},[50,108559,108560,108562,108564,108566],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,108561,366],{"class":151},[50,108563,155],{"class":64},[50,108565,2989],{"class":158},[50,108567,186],{"class":64},[50,108569,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,108571,366],{"class":151},[50,108573,155],{"class":64},[50,108575,3945],{"class":371},[50,108577,155],{"class":64},[50,108579,2989],{"class":158},[50,108581,1077],{"class":64},[50,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,108585,366],{"class":151},[50,108587,155],{"class":64},[50,108589,1060],{"class":151},[50,108591,155],{"class":64},[50,108593,2989],{"class":158},[50,108595,1077],{"class":64},[20,108597,189],{},[41,108599,108601],{"className":43,"code":108600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108602,108603,108619,108631,108645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108604,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108606,758],{"class":64},[50,108608,309],{"class":111},[50,108610,78],{"class":64},[50,108612,314],{"class":111},[50,108614,78],{"class":64},[50,108616,319],{"class":111},[50,108618,1445],{"class":64},[50,108620,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108622,758],{"class":64},[50,108624,422],{"class":111},[50,108626,78],{"class":64},[50,108628,319],{"class":111},[50,108630,1445],{"class":64},[50,108632,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108634,4014],{"class":60},[50,108636,4017],{"class":752},[50,108638,408],{"class":68},[50,108640,7000],{"class":72},[50,108642,413],{"class":68},[50,108644,4026],{"class":60},[50,108646,108647],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108648,17756],{"class":111},[20,108650,108651,108652,108654],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108653,422],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[36,108656,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,108658,2569,108660,103407],{"id":108659},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108661,103459],{},[20,108663,103410],{},[1112,108665,5883,108667,108669],{"id":108666},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108668,103459],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108671,108672],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1112,108674,108676],{"id":108675},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108678,108679],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1112,108681,108683],{"id":108682},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108685,108686],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[41,108688,108689],{"className":43,"code":98126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,108690,108691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108692,108693,108695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108694,7000],{"class":371},[50,108696,9354],{"class":64},[36,108698,2610],{"id":2609},[233,108700,108701,108705,108712,108718],{},[236,108702,108703],{},[335,108704,96996],{"href":96995},[236,108706,108707],{},[335,108708,13,108709,11442],{"href":108398},[15,108710,108711],{},"set.union()",[236,108713,108714],{},[335,108715,13,108716,11442],{"href":103508},[15,108717,101087],{},[236,108719,108720],{},[335,108721,101012],{"href":106011},[2640,108723,108724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":108726},[108727,108729,108730,108731,108732,108734,108739,108740,108748],{"id":107340,"depth":101,"text":108728},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":107848,"depth":101,"text":108733},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":108099,"depth":101,"text":108735,"children":108736},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108737,108738],{"id":107311,"depth":127,"text":103459},{"id":108245,"depth":127,"text":108104},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":108741},[108742,108744,108746,108747],{"id":108659,"depth":127,"text":108743},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108666,"depth":127,"text":108745},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108675,"depth":127,"text":108676},{"id":108682,"depth":127,"text":108683},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107233,"description":108749},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108756,"title":108757,"body":108758,"description":109994,"extension":2687,"meta":109995,"navigation":130,"path":109996,"seo":109997,"stem":109998,"__hash__":109999},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108759,"toc":109961},[108760,108765,108771,108780,108782,108857,108862,108877,108887,108892,108896,108909,108913,108915,108930,108932,108948,108950,109025,109029,109032,109034,109051,109056,109111,109116,109128,109132,109135,109236,109238,109279,109282,109286,109293,109295,109320,109323,109341,109348,109354,109357,109439,109446,109449,109529,109538,109541,109546,109550,109564,109613,109618,109622,109633,109682,109693,109698,109702,109714,109763,109774,109776,109780,109803,109805,109862,109864,109878,109880,109886,109892,109898,109907,109911,109918,109922,109930,109932,109958],[10,108761,96868,108763,12024],{"id":108762},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108764,13466],{},[20,108766,108767,108770],{},[15,108768,108769],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108772,108773,108774,108776,108777,108779],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[4465,108775,5351],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108778,13466],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[36,108781,39],{"id":38},[41,108783,108785],{"className":43,"code":108784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108786,108787,108819,108833,108837,108847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108788,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815,108817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108790,8493],{"class":56},[50,108792,61],{"class":60},[50,108794,11191],{"class":64},[50,108796,69],{"class":68},[50,108798,4797],{"class":72},[50,108800,69],{"class":68},[50,108802,78],{"class":64},[50,108804,81],{"class":68},[50,108806,4806],{"class":72},[50,108808,69],{"class":68},[50,108810,78],{"class":64},[50,108812,81],{"class":68},[50,108814,4815],{"class":72},[50,108816,69],{"class":68},[50,108818,1445],{"class":64},[50,108820,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108822,70608],{"class":56},[50,108824,61],{"class":60},[50,108826,6678],{"class":56},[50,108828,838],{"class":64},[50,108830,26932],{"class":158},[50,108832,9354],{"class":64},[50,108834,108835],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,108836,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,108838,108839,108841,108843,108845],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,108840,366],{"class":151},[50,108842,155],{"class":64},[50,108844,70631],{"class":158},[50,108846,186],{"class":64},[50,108848,108849,108851,108853,108855],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,108850,366],{"class":151},[50,108852,155],{"class":64},[50,108854,8522],{"class":158},[50,108856,186],{"class":64},[20,108858,108859],{},[4465,108860,108861],{},"What this does:",[233,108863,108864,108869,108874],{},[236,108865,108866,108867],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108868,8522],{},[236,108870,108871,108872],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108873,70631],{},[236,108875,108876],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108878,108879,89630,108881,108883,108884,108886],{},[4465,108880,84489],{},[15,108882,108769],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[4465,108885,5351],{}," chosen by index.",[36,108888,228,108890,231],{"id":108889},"what-setpop-does",[15,108891,108769],{},[20,108893,108894,1408],{},[15,108895,108769],{},[233,108897,108898,108900,108903,108906],{},[236,108899,103710],{},[236,108901,108902],{},"Returns the removed item",[236,108904,108905],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[236,108907,108908],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108910,96992,108911,838],{},[335,108912,96996],{"href":98167},[36,108914,256],{"id":255},[41,108916,108918],{"className":43,"code":108917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108919,108920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108923,16369],{"class":56},[50,108925,838],{"class":64},[50,108927,26932],{"class":158},[50,108929,9354],{"class":64},[20,108931,13755],{},[233,108933,108934,108940,108945],{},[236,108935,108936,108937],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108938,108939],{},"my_set.pop()",[236,108941,108942,108943],{},"It takes ",[4465,108944,29379],{},[236,108946,108947],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108949,2931],{},[41,108951,108953],{"className":43,"code":108952,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108954,108955,108987,109001,109005,109015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108956,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108958,13779],{"class":56},[50,108960,61],{"class":60},[50,108962,11191],{"class":64},[50,108964,69],{"class":68},[50,108966,13796],{"class":72},[50,108968,69],{"class":68},[50,108970,78],{"class":64},[50,108972,81],{"class":68},[50,108974,13813],{"class":72},[50,108976,69],{"class":68},[50,108978,78],{"class":64},[50,108980,81],{"class":68},[50,108982,18154],{"class":72},[50,108984,69],{"class":68},[50,108986,1445],{"class":64},[50,108988,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,108990,29229],{"class":56},[50,108992,61],{"class":60},[50,108994,13827],{"class":56},[50,108996,838],{"class":64},[50,108998,26932],{"class":158},[50,109000,9354],{"class":64},[50,109002,109003],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109004,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,109006,109007,109009,109011,109013],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,109008,366],{"class":151},[50,109010,155],{"class":64},[50,109012,2238],{"class":158},[50,109014,186],{"class":64},[50,109016,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,109018,366],{"class":151},[50,109020,155],{"class":64},[50,109022,18201],{"class":158},[50,109024,186],{"class":64},[36,109026,109028],{"id":109027},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,109030,109031],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,109033,2829],{},[233,109035,109036,109042,109045],{},[236,109037,109038,109039,109041],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,109040,13466],{}," removes",[236,109043,109044],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[236,109046,109047,109048,109050],{},"You should not use ",[15,109049,13466],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,109052,11161,109053,109055],{},[4465,109054,5351],{}," valid:",[41,109057,109059],{"className":43,"code":109058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,109060,109061,109093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109062,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109064,36916],{"class":56},[50,109066,61],{"class":60},[50,109068,11191],{"class":64},[50,109070,69],{"class":68},[50,109072,4797],{"class":72},[50,109074,69],{"class":68},[50,109076,78],{"class":64},[50,109078,81],{"class":68},[50,109080,4806],{"class":72},[50,109082,69],{"class":68},[50,109084,78],{"class":64},[50,109086,81],{"class":68},[50,109088,4815],{"class":72},[50,109090,69],{"class":68},[50,109092,1445],{"class":64},[50,109094,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109096,36968],{"class":56},[50,109098,838],{"class":64},[50,109100,26932],{"class":158},[50,109102,155],{"class":64},[50,109104,69],{"class":68},[50,109106,4797],{"class":72},[50,109108,69],{"class":68},[50,109110,186],{"class":64},[20,109112,40330,109113,109115],{},[15,109114,108769],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,109117,109118,109119,3602,109123,838],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[335,109120,109121],{"href":98877},[15,109122,103536],{},[335,109124,109126],{"href":109125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,109127,103527],{},[36,109129,109131],{"id":109130},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,109133,109134],{},"Here is a simple example:",[41,109136,109138],{"className":43,"code":109137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,109139,109140,109174,109178,109194,109198,109217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109141,109142,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109170,109172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109143,109144],{"class":56},"animals ",[50,109146,61],{"class":60},[50,109148,11191],{"class":64},[50,109150,69],{"class":68},[50,109152,37724],{"class":72},[50,109154,69],{"class":68},[50,109156,78],{"class":64},[50,109158,81],{"class":68},[50,109160,58805],{"class":72},[50,109162,69],{"class":68},[50,109164,78],{"class":64},[50,109166,81],{"class":68},[50,109168,109169],{"class":72},"rabbit",[50,109171,69],{"class":68},[50,109173,1445],{"class":64},[50,109175,109176],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109177,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,109179,109180,109183,109185,109188,109190,109192],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109181,109182],{"class":56},"removed_animal ",[50,109184,61],{"class":60},[50,109186,109187],{"class":56}," animals",[50,109189,838],{"class":64},[50,109191,26932],{"class":158},[50,109193,9354],{"class":64},[50,109195,109196],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,109197,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,109199,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109215],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,109201,366],{"class":151},[50,109203,155],{"class":64},[50,109205,69],{"class":68},[50,109207,29646],{"class":72},[50,109209,69],{"class":68},[50,109211,78],{"class":64},[50,109213,109214],{"class":158}," removed_animal",[50,109216,186],{"class":64},[50,109218,109219,109221,109223,109225,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,109220,366],{"class":151},[50,109222,155],{"class":64},[50,109224,69],{"class":68},[50,109226,109227],{"class":72},"Updated set:",[50,109229,69],{"class":68},[50,109231,78],{"class":64},[50,109233,109187],{"class":158},[50,109235,186],{"class":64},[20,109237,30719],{},[41,109239,109241],{"className":43,"code":109240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109242,109243,109252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109244,109245,109247,109249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109246,29688],{"class":56},[50,109248,1408],{"class":64},[50,109250,109251],{"class":56}," dog\n",[50,109253,109254,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109255,109256],{"class":56},"Updated ",[50,109258,7000],{"class":371},[50,109260,1408],{"class":64},[50,109262,11191],{"class":64},[50,109264,413],{"class":68},[50,109266,37724],{"class":72},[50,109268,413],{"class":68},[50,109270,78],{"class":64},[50,109272,408],{"class":68},[50,109274,109169],{"class":72},[50,109276,413],{"class":68},[50,109278,1445],{"class":64},[20,109280,109281],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[36,109283,109285],{"id":109284},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109287,30339,109288,109290,109291,838],{},[15,109289,13466],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109292,20386],{},[20,109294,2931],{},[41,109296,109298],{"className":43,"code":109297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109299,109300,109310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109301,109302,109304,109306,109308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109303,8493],{"class":56},[50,109305,61],{"class":60},[50,109307,16336],{"class":371},[50,109309,9354],{"class":64},[50,109311,109312,109314,109316,109318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109313,8522],{"class":56},[50,109315,838],{"class":64},[50,109317,26932],{"class":158},[50,109319,9354],{"class":64},[20,109321,109322],{},"This raises:",[41,109324,109326],{"className":43,"code":109325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109327,109328],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109329,109330,109332,109334,109336,109339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109331,20386],{"class":371},[50,109333,1408],{"class":64},[50,109335,408],{"class":68},[50,109337,109338],{"class":72},"pop from an empty set",[50,109340,30389],{"class":68},[20,109342,109343,109344,109347],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[335,109345,109346],{"href":11776},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1112,109349,109351,109352],{"id":109350},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109353,13466],{},[20,109355,109356],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[41,109358,109360],{"className":43,"code":109359,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109361,109362,109372,109376,109384,109399,109418,109424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109363,109364,109366,109368,109370],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109365,8493],{"class":56},[50,109367,61],{"class":60},[50,109369,16336],{"class":371},[50,109371,9354],{"class":64},[50,109373,109374],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109375,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,109377,109378,109380,109382],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109379,7711],{"class":137},[50,109381,6678],{"class":56},[50,109383,2229],{"class":64},[50,109385,109386,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,109387,109388],{"class":56},"    removed ",[50,109390,61],{"class":60},[50,109392,6678],{"class":56},[50,109394,838],{"class":64},[50,109396,26932],{"class":158},[50,109398,9354],{"class":64},[50,109400,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413,109416],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,109402,173],{"class":151},[50,109404,155],{"class":64},[50,109406,69],{"class":68},[50,109408,29646],{"class":72},[50,109410,69],{"class":68},[50,109412,78],{"class":64},[50,109414,109415],{"class":158}," removed",[50,109417,186],{"class":64},[50,109419,109420,109422],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,109421,28124],{"class":137},[50,109423,2229],{"class":64},[50,109425,109426,109428,109430,109432,109435,109437],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,109427,173],{"class":151},[50,109429,155],{"class":64},[50,109431,69],{"class":68},[50,109433,109434],{"class":72},"The set is empty.",[50,109436,69],{"class":68},[50,109438,186],{"class":64},[1112,109440,221,109442,827,109444],{"id":109441},"use-try-and-except",[15,109443,30493],{},[15,109445,30524],{},[20,109447,109448],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[41,109450,109452],{"className":43,"code":109451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109453,109454,109464,109468,109474,109488,109506,109514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109455,109456,109458,109460,109462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109457,8493],{"class":56},[50,109459,61],{"class":60},[50,109461,16336],{"class":371},[50,109463,9354],{"class":64},[50,109465,109466],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109467,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,109469,109470,109472],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109471,30493],{"class":137},[50,109473,2229],{"class":64},[50,109475,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,109477,109388],{"class":56},[50,109479,61],{"class":60},[50,109481,6678],{"class":56},[50,109483,838],{"class":64},[50,109485,26932],{"class":158},[50,109487,9354],{"class":64},[50,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,109491,173],{"class":151},[50,109493,155],{"class":64},[50,109495,69],{"class":68},[50,109497,29646],{"class":72},[50,109499,69],{"class":68},[50,109501,78],{"class":64},[50,109503,109415],{"class":158},[50,109505,186],{"class":64},[50,109507,109508,109510,109512],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,109509,30524],{"class":137},[50,109511,30527],{"class":371},[50,109513,2229],{"class":64},[50,109515,109516,109518,109520,109522,109525,109527],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,109517,173],{"class":151},[50,109519,155],{"class":64},[50,109521,69],{"class":68},[50,109523,109524],{"class":72},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[50,109526,69],{"class":68},[50,109528,186],{"class":64},[36,109530,5681,109532,11286,109534,11286,109536],{"id":109531},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109533,13466],{},[15,109535,56207],{},[15,109537,103522],{},[20,109539,109540],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1112,109542,221,109544],{"id":109543},"use-pop",[15,109545,13466],{},[20,109547,221,109548,11302],{},[15,109549,13466],{},[233,109551,109552,109558,109561],{},[236,109553,109554,109555],{},"You want to remove ",[4465,109556,109557],{},"any one item",[236,109559,109560],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[236,109562,109563],{},"You want the removed item returned",[41,109565,109567],{"className":43,"code":109566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109568,109569,109589,109603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109570,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109572,302],{"class":56},[50,109574,61],{"class":60},[50,109576,11191],{"class":64},[50,109578,309],{"class":111},[50,109580,78],{"class":64},[50,109582,314],{"class":111},[50,109584,78],{"class":64},[50,109586,319],{"class":111},[50,109588,1445],{"class":64},[50,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109592,3171],{"class":56},[50,109594,61],{"class":60},[50,109596,4982],{"class":56},[50,109598,838],{"class":64},[50,109600,26932],{"class":158},[50,109602,9354],{"class":64},[50,109604,109605,109607,109609,109611],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109606,366],{"class":151},[50,109608,155],{"class":64},[50,109610,3197],{"class":158},[50,109612,186],{"class":64},[1112,109614,221,109616],{"id":109615},"use-remove",[15,109617,56207],{},[20,109619,221,109620,11302],{},[15,109621,56207],{},[233,109623,109624,109630],{},[236,109625,109626,109627],{},"You want to delete a ",[4465,109628,109629],{},"specific item",[236,109631,109632],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[41,109634,109636],{"className":43,"code":109635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109637,109638,109658,109672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109639,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109641,302],{"class":56},[50,109643,61],{"class":60},[50,109645,11191],{"class":64},[50,109647,309],{"class":111},[50,109649,78],{"class":64},[50,109651,314],{"class":111},[50,109653,78],{"class":64},[50,109655,319],{"class":111},[50,109657,1445],{"class":64},[50,109659,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109661,381],{"class":56},[50,109663,838],{"class":64},[50,109665,35479],{"class":158},[50,109667,155],{"class":64},[50,109669,422],{"class":111},[50,109671,186],{"class":64},[50,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109675,366],{"class":151},[50,109677,155],{"class":64},[50,109679,381],{"class":158},[50,109681,186],{"class":64},[20,109683,109684,109685,109687,109688,109692],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109686,56207],{}," raises an error. See the ",[335,109689,109690,11442],{"href":98877},[15,109691,103536],{}," for details.",[1112,109694,221,109696],{"id":109695},"use-discard",[15,109697,103522],{},[20,109699,221,109700,11302],{},[15,109701,103522],{},[233,109703,109704,109708],{},[236,109705,109626,109706],{},[4465,109707,109629],{},[236,109709,109710,109711,109713],{},"You do ",[4465,109712,5351],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[41,109715,109717],{"className":43,"code":109716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109718,109719,109739,109753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109720,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109722,302],{"class":56},[50,109724,61],{"class":60},[50,109726,11191],{"class":64},[50,109728,309],{"class":111},[50,109730,78],{"class":64},[50,109732,314],{"class":111},[50,109734,78],{"class":64},[50,109736,319],{"class":111},[50,109738,1445],{"class":64},[50,109740,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109742,381],{"class":56},[50,109744,838],{"class":64},[50,109746,103589],{"class":158},[50,109748,155],{"class":64},[50,109750,2859],{"class":111},[50,109752,186],{"class":64},[50,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109756,366],{"class":151},[50,109758,155],{"class":64},[50,109760,381],{"class":158},[50,109762,186],{"class":64},[20,109764,109765,109766,109768,109769,109773],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109767,2859],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[335,109770,109771,11442],{"href":109125},[15,109772,103527],{}," for more examples.",[36,109775,3553],{"id":3552},[20,109777,72153,109778,1408],{},[15,109779,108769],{},[233,109781,109782,109788,109793,109798],{},[236,109783,109784,109785],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109786,109787],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[236,109789,2120,109790,109792],{},[15,109791,13466],{}," to remove the first or last item",[236,109794,30339,109795,109797],{},[15,109796,13466],{}," on an empty set",[236,109799,2447,109800,109802],{},[15,109801,13466],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109804,62974],{},[41,109806,109808],{"className":43,"code":109807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109809,109810,109820,109834,109848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109811,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109813,366],{"class":151},[50,109815,155],{"class":64},[50,109817,16369],{"class":158},[50,109819,186],{"class":64},[50,109821,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,109823,366],{"class":151},[50,109825,155],{"class":64},[50,109827,1060],{"class":151},[50,109829,155],{"class":64},[50,109831,16369],{"class":158},[50,109833,1077],{"class":64},[50,109835,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,109837,366],{"class":151},[50,109839,155],{"class":64},[50,109841,3945],{"class":371},[50,109843,155],{"class":64},[50,109845,16369],{"class":158},[50,109847,1077],{"class":64},[50,109849,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,109851,29229],{"class":56},[50,109853,61],{"class":60},[50,109855,97592],{"class":56},[50,109857,838],{"class":64},[50,109859,26932],{"class":158},[50,109861,9354],{"class":64},[20,109863,26699],{},[233,109865,109866,109869,109872,109875],{},[236,109867,109868],{},"What values are in the set",[236,109870,109871],{},"Whether the set is empty",[236,109873,109874],{},"That the object is really a set",[236,109876,109877],{},"What value was actually removed",[36,109879,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,109881,2569,109883,109885],{"id":109882},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109884,108769],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109887,109888,109889,109891],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109890,13466],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1112,109893,109895,109896,2582],{"id":109894},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109897,108769],{},[20,109899,109900,109901,109903,109904,109906],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109902,13466],{},", set ",[15,109905,13466],{}," does not accept an index.",[1112,109908,109910],{"id":109909},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109912,72322,109913,45307,109915,109917],{},[15,109914,20386],{},[15,109916,13466],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1112,109919,109921],{"id":109920},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109923,221,109924,3602,109926,11794,109928,838],{},[15,109925,56207],{},[15,109927,103522],{},[15,109929,13466],{},[36,109931,2610],{"id":2609},[233,109933,109934,109938,109944,109950,109954],{},[236,109935,109936],{},[335,109937,96996],{"href":98167},[236,109939,109940],{},[335,109941,97482,109942,11442],{"href":98877},[15,109943,56207],{},[236,109945,109946],{},[335,109947,97482,109948,11442],{"href":109125},[15,109949,103522],{},[236,109951,109952],{},[335,109953,11964],{"href":11776},[236,109955,109956],{},[335,109957,56193],{"href":55745},[2640,109959,109960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":109962},[109963,109964,109966,109967,109968,109969,109975,109984,109985,109993],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":108889,"depth":101,"text":109965},"What set.pop() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":109027,"depth":101,"text":109028},{"id":109130,"depth":101,"text":109131},{"id":109284,"depth":101,"text":109285,"children":109970},[109971,109973],{"id":109350,"depth":127,"text":109972},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109441,"depth":127,"text":109974},"Use try and except",{"id":109531,"depth":101,"text":109976,"children":109977},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109978,109980,109982],{"id":109543,"depth":127,"text":109979},"Use pop()",{"id":109615,"depth":127,"text":109981},"Use remove()",{"id":109695,"depth":127,"text":109983},"Use discard()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":109986},[109987,109989,109991,109992],{"id":109882,"depth":127,"text":109988},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109894,"depth":127,"text":109990},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109909,"depth":127,"text":109910},{"id":109920,"depth":127,"text":109921},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108757,"description":109994},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":110001,"title":110002,"body":110003,"description":111157,"extension":2687,"meta":111158,"navigation":130,"path":111159,"seo":111160,"stem":111161,"__hash__":111162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":110004,"toc":111125},[110005,110010,110015,110024,110026,110091,110095,110119,110126,110131,110135,110150,110153,110155,110174,110188,110191,110239,110243,110259,110261,110334,110338,110363,110369,110377,110381,110388,110443,110448,110465,110471,110477,110482,110490,110497,110501,110509,110564,110566,110583,110587,110594,110659,110663,110696,110698,110710,110717,110719,110724,110731,110733,110802,110806,110814,110816,110880,110884,110889,110936,110941,111009,111017,111024,111027,111033,111038,111042,111044,111047,111049,111054,111059,111065,111070,111077,111085,111091,111094,111096,111122],[10,110006,96868,110008,12024],{"id":110007},"python-set-remove-method",[15,110009,56207],{},[20,110011,110012,110014],{},[15,110013,103536],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,110016,110017,110018,110021,110022,838],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[4465,110019,110020],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,110023,20386],{},[36,110025,39],{"id":38},[41,110027,110029],{"className":43,"code":110028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,110030,110031,110063,110081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110032,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110034,13779],{"class":56},[50,110036,61],{"class":60},[50,110038,11191],{"class":64},[50,110040,69],{"class":68},[50,110042,13796],{"class":72},[50,110044,69],{"class":68},[50,110046,78],{"class":64},[50,110048,81],{"class":68},[50,110050,13813],{"class":72},[50,110052,69],{"class":68},[50,110054,78],{"class":64},[50,110056,81],{"class":68},[50,110058,18154],{"class":72},[50,110060,69],{"class":68},[50,110062,1445],{"class":64},[50,110064,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110066,18201],{"class":56},[50,110068,838],{"class":64},[50,110070,35479],{"class":158},[50,110072,155],{"class":64},[50,110074,69],{"class":68},[50,110076,13813],{"class":72},[50,110078,69],{"class":68},[50,110080,186],{"class":64},[50,110082,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110084,366],{"class":151},[50,110086,155],{"class":64},[50,110088,18201],{"class":158},[50,110090,186],{"class":64},[20,110092,110093],{},[4465,110094,30719],{},[41,110096,110097],{"className":43,"code":104216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110098,110099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110100,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110102,758],{"class":64},[50,110104,413],{"class":68},[50,110106,13796],{"class":72},[50,110108,413],{"class":68},[50,110110,78],{"class":64},[50,110112,408],{"class":68},[50,110114,18154],{"class":72},[50,110116,413],{"class":68},[50,110118,1445],{"class":64},[20,110120,221,110121,110123,110124,838],{},[15,110122,56207],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,110125,20386],{},[36,110127,228,110129,231],{"id":110128},"what-setremove-does",[15,110130,103536],{},[20,110132,110133,1408],{},[15,110134,103536],{},[233,110136,110137,110140,110142,110144],{},[236,110138,110139],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[236,110141,96983],{},[236,110143,96986],{},[236,110145,110146,110147,110149],{},"Raises ",[15,110148,20386],{}," if the value is missing",[20,110151,110152],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[36,110154,256],{"id":255},[41,110156,110158],{"className":43,"code":110157,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,110159,110160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110161,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110163,16369],{"class":56},[50,110165,838],{"class":64},[50,110167,35479],{"class":158},[50,110169,155],{"class":64},[50,110171,3197],{"class":158},[50,110173,186],{"class":64},[233,110175,110176,110180,110185],{},[236,110177,110178,103758],{},[15,110179,16369],{},[236,110181,110182,110184],{},[15,110183,3197],{}," is the item to remove",[236,110186,110187],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,110189,110190],{},"Here is a small example:",[41,110192,110193],{"className":43,"code":109635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110194,110195,110215,110229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110196,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110198,302],{"class":56},[50,110200,61],{"class":60},[50,110202,11191],{"class":64},[50,110204,309],{"class":111},[50,110206,78],{"class":64},[50,110208,314],{"class":111},[50,110210,78],{"class":64},[50,110212,319],{"class":111},[50,110214,1445],{"class":64},[50,110216,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110218,381],{"class":56},[50,110220,838],{"class":64},[50,110222,35479],{"class":158},[50,110224,155],{"class":64},[50,110226,422],{"class":111},[50,110228,186],{"class":64},[50,110230,110231,110233,110235,110237],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110232,366],{"class":151},[50,110234,155],{"class":64},[50,110236,381],{"class":158},[50,110238,186],{"class":64},[20,110240,110241],{},[4465,110242,30719],{},[41,110244,110245],{"className":43,"code":101966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110246,110247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110248,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110250,758],{"class":64},[50,110252,309],{"class":111},[50,110254,78],{"class":64},[50,110256,319],{"class":111},[50,110258,1445],{"class":64},[36,110260,12178],{"id":12177},[41,110262,110264],{"className":43,"code":110263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110265,110266,110298,110302,110320,110324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110267,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110269,36916],{"class":56},[50,110271,61],{"class":60},[50,110273,11191],{"class":64},[50,110275,69],{"class":68},[50,110277,4797],{"class":72},[50,110279,69],{"class":68},[50,110281,78],{"class":64},[50,110283,81],{"class":68},[50,110285,4806],{"class":72},[50,110287,69],{"class":68},[50,110289,78],{"class":64},[50,110291,81],{"class":68},[50,110293,33905],{"class":72},[50,110295,69],{"class":68},[50,110297,1445],{"class":64},[50,110299,110300],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110301,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110305,36968],{"class":56},[50,110307,838],{"class":64},[50,110309,35479],{"class":158},[50,110311,155],{"class":64},[50,110313,69],{"class":68},[50,110315,4806],{"class":72},[50,110317,69],{"class":68},[50,110319,186],{"class":64},[50,110321,110322],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,110323,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,110325,110326,110328,110330,110332],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,110327,366],{"class":151},[50,110329,155],{"class":64},[50,110331,36968],{"class":158},[50,110333,186],{"class":64},[20,110335,110336],{},[4465,110337,30719],{},[41,110339,110341],{"className":43,"code":110340,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110342,110343],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110344,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110346,758],{"class":64},[50,110348,413],{"class":68},[50,110350,4797],{"class":72},[50,110352,413],{"class":68},[50,110354,78],{"class":64},[50,110356,408],{"class":68},[50,110358,33905],{"class":72},[50,110360,413],{"class":68},[50,110362,1445],{"class":64},[20,110364,110365,110366,110368],{},"This removes ",[15,110367,65952],{}," from the set.",[20,110370,110371,110372,110374,110375,838],{},"A set does ",[4465,110373,5351],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[335,110376,97000],{"href":98551},[36,110378,110380],{"id":110379},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110382,110383,110384,53172,110386,838],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110385,56207],{},[15,110387,20386],{},[41,110389,110391],{"className":43,"code":110390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110392,110393,110425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110394,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110396,13779],{"class":56},[50,110398,61],{"class":60},[50,110400,11191],{"class":64},[50,110402,69],{"class":68},[50,110404,13796],{"class":72},[50,110406,69],{"class":68},[50,110408,78],{"class":64},[50,110410,81],{"class":68},[50,110412,13813],{"class":72},[50,110414,69],{"class":68},[50,110416,78],{"class":64},[50,110418,81],{"class":68},[50,110420,18154],{"class":72},[50,110422,69],{"class":68},[50,110424,1445],{"class":64},[50,110426,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110428,18201],{"class":56},[50,110430,838],{"class":64},[50,110432,35479],{"class":158},[50,110434,155],{"class":64},[50,110436,69],{"class":68},[50,110438,23218],{"class":72},[50,110440,69],{"class":68},[50,110442,186],{"class":64},[20,110444,110445],{},[4465,110446,110447],{},"Result:",[41,110449,110451],{"className":43,"code":110450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110452,110453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110454,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110456,20386],{"class":371},[50,110458,1408],{"class":64},[50,110460,408],{"class":68},[50,110462,23218],{"class":72},[50,110464,30389],{"class":68},[20,110466,22887,110467,110470],{},[15,110468,110469],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110472,110473,110474,110476],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110475,56207],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110478,110479,110480,838],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[335,110481,11964],{"href":11776},[36,110483,4917,110485,110487,110488],{"id":110484},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110486,56207],{}," is different from ",[15,110489,103522],{},[20,110491,110492,827,110494,110496],{},[15,110493,56207],{},[15,110495,103522],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1112,110498,110499],{"id":35479},[15,110500,56207],{},[233,110502,110503,110506],{},[236,110504,110505],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[236,110507,110508],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[41,110510,110512],{"className":43,"code":110511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110513,110514,110546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110515,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110517,326],{"class":56},[50,110519,61],{"class":60},[50,110521,11191],{"class":64},[50,110523,69],{"class":68},[50,110525,335],{"class":72},[50,110527,69],{"class":68},[50,110529,78],{"class":64},[50,110531,81],{"class":68},[50,110533,344],{"class":72},[50,110535,69],{"class":68},[50,110537,78],{"class":64},[50,110539,81],{"class":68},[50,110541,353],{"class":72},[50,110543,69],{"class":68},[50,110545,1445],{"class":64},[50,110547,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110549,36820],{"class":56},[50,110551,838],{"class":64},[50,110553,35479],{"class":158},[50,110555,155],{"class":64},[50,110557,69],{"class":68},[50,110559,19466],{"class":72},[50,110561,69],{"class":68},[50,110563,186],{"class":64},[20,110565,109322],{},[41,110567,110569],{"className":43,"code":110568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110570,110571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110572,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110574,20386],{"class":371},[50,110576,1408],{"class":64},[50,110578,408],{"class":68},[50,110580,19466],{"class":72},[50,110582,30389],{"class":68},[1112,110584,110585],{"id":103589},[15,110586,103522],{},[233,110588,110589,110591],{},[236,110590,110505],{},[236,110592,110593],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[41,110595,110597],{"className":43,"code":110596,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110598,110599,110631,110649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110600,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110602,326],{"class":56},[50,110604,61],{"class":60},[50,110606,11191],{"class":64},[50,110608,69],{"class":68},[50,110610,335],{"class":72},[50,110612,69],{"class":68},[50,110614,78],{"class":64},[50,110616,81],{"class":68},[50,110618,344],{"class":72},[50,110620,69],{"class":68},[50,110622,78],{"class":64},[50,110624,81],{"class":68},[50,110626,353],{"class":72},[50,110628,69],{"class":68},[50,110630,1445],{"class":64},[50,110632,110633,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110634,36820],{"class":56},[50,110636,838],{"class":64},[50,110638,103589],{"class":158},[50,110640,155],{"class":64},[50,110642,69],{"class":68},[50,110644,19466],{"class":72},[50,110646,69],{"class":68},[50,110648,186],{"class":64},[50,110650,110651,110653,110655,110657],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110652,366],{"class":151},[50,110654,155],{"class":64},[50,110656,36820],{"class":158},[50,110658,186],{"class":64},[20,110660,110661],{},[4465,110662,189],{},[41,110664,110666],{"className":43,"code":110665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110667,110668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110669,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110671,758],{"class":64},[50,110673,413],{"class":68},[50,110675,335],{"class":72},[50,110677,413],{"class":68},[50,110679,78],{"class":64},[50,110681,408],{"class":68},[50,110683,344],{"class":72},[50,110685,413],{"class":68},[50,110687,78],{"class":64},[50,110689,408],{"class":68},[50,110691,353],{"class":72},[50,110693,413],{"class":68},[50,110695,1445],{"class":64},[20,110697,19393],{},[233,110699,110700,110705],{},[236,110701,110702,110704],{},[15,110703,56207],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[236,110706,110707,110709],{},[15,110708,103522],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110711,110712,110713,838],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[335,110714,97482,110715,11442],{"href":109125},[15,110716,103522],{},[36,110718,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,110720,2120,110722,97862],{"id":110721},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110723,56207],{},[20,110725,110726,110728,110729,838],{},[15,110727,56207],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110730,4501],{},[20,110732,17344],{},[41,110734,110736],{"className":43,"code":110735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110737,110738,110770,110792],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110739,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110741,13779],{"class":56},[50,110743,61],{"class":60},[50,110745,11191],{"class":64},[50,110747,69],{"class":68},[50,110749,13796],{"class":72},[50,110751,69],{"class":68},[50,110753,78],{"class":64},[50,110755,81],{"class":68},[50,110757,13813],{"class":72},[50,110759,69],{"class":68},[50,110761,78],{"class":64},[50,110763,81],{"class":68},[50,110765,18154],{"class":72},[50,110767,69],{"class":68},[50,110769,1445],{"class":64},[50,110771,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110773,13822],{"class":56},[50,110775,61],{"class":60},[50,110777,13827],{"class":56},[50,110779,838],{"class":64},[50,110781,35479],{"class":158},[50,110783,155],{"class":64},[50,110785,69],{"class":68},[50,110787,13813],{"class":72},[50,110789,69],{"class":68},[50,110791,186],{"class":64},[50,110793,110794,110796,110798,110800],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110795,366],{"class":151},[50,110797,155],{"class":64},[50,110799,13846],{"class":158},[50,110801,186],{"class":64},[20,110803,110804],{},[4465,110805,189],{},[41,110807,110808],{"className":43,"code":12512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110809,110810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110811,110812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110813,12512],{"class":1806},[20,110815,17356],{},[41,110817,110818],{"className":43,"code":110028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110819,110820,110852,110870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110821,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110823,13779],{"class":56},[50,110825,61],{"class":60},[50,110827,11191],{"class":64},[50,110829,69],{"class":68},[50,110831,13796],{"class":72},[50,110833,69],{"class":68},[50,110835,78],{"class":64},[50,110837,81],{"class":68},[50,110839,13813],{"class":72},[50,110841,69],{"class":68},[50,110843,78],{"class":64},[50,110845,81],{"class":68},[50,110847,18154],{"class":72},[50,110849,69],{"class":68},[50,110851,1445],{"class":64},[50,110853,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110855,18201],{"class":56},[50,110857,838],{"class":64},[50,110859,35479],{"class":158},[50,110861,155],{"class":64},[50,110863,69],{"class":68},[50,110865,13813],{"class":72},[50,110867,69],{"class":68},[50,110869,186],{"class":64},[50,110871,110872,110874,110876,110878],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110873,366],{"class":151},[50,110875,155],{"class":64},[50,110877,18201],{"class":158},[50,110879,186],{"class":64},[1112,110881,110883],{"id":110882},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110885,110886,110887,838],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110888,20386],{},[41,110890,110892],{"className":43,"code":110891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110893,110894,110918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110895,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110897,13779],{"class":56},[50,110899,61],{"class":60},[50,110901,11191],{"class":64},[50,110903,69],{"class":68},[50,110905,13796],{"class":72},[50,110907,69],{"class":68},[50,110909,78],{"class":64},[50,110911,81],{"class":68},[50,110913,13813],{"class":72},[50,110915,69],{"class":68},[50,110917,1445],{"class":64},[50,110919,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110921,18201],{"class":56},[50,110923,838],{"class":64},[50,110925,35479],{"class":158},[50,110927,155],{"class":64},[50,110929,69],{"class":68},[50,110931,18154],{"class":72},[50,110933,69],{"class":68},[50,110935,186],{"class":64},[20,110937,110938,110939,1408],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110940,148],{},[41,110942,110944],{"className":43,"code":110943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110945,110946,110970,110974,110990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110947,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110949,13779],{"class":56},[50,110951,61],{"class":60},[50,110953,11191],{"class":64},[50,110955,69],{"class":68},[50,110957,13796],{"class":72},[50,110959,69],{"class":68},[50,110961,78],{"class":64},[50,110963,81],{"class":68},[50,110965,13813],{"class":72},[50,110967,69],{"class":68},[50,110969,1445],{"class":64},[50,110971,110972],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,110973,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,110975,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,110977,7711],{"class":137},[50,110979,81],{"class":68},[50,110981,18154],{"class":72},[50,110983,69],{"class":68},[50,110985,21872],{"class":60},[50,110987,13827],{"class":56},[50,110989,2229],{"class":64},[50,110991,110992,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,110993,110994],{"class":56},"    colors",[50,110996,838],{"class":64},[50,110998,35479],{"class":158},[50,111000,155],{"class":64},[50,111002,69],{"class":68},[50,111004,18154],{"class":72},[50,111006,69],{"class":68},[50,111008,186],{"class":64},[20,111010,111011,111012,111016],{},"Or use ",[335,111013,111014],{"href":109125},[15,111015,103522],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1112,111018,37881,111020,9416,111022],{"id":111019},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,111021,103536],{},[15,111023,55753],{},[20,111025,111026],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,111028,111029,111030,111032],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,111031,103536],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,111034,111035,111036,838],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[335,111037,99746],{"href":99745},[1112,111039,111041],{"id":111040},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,111043,109031],{},[20,111045,111046],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[36,111048,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,111050,2569,111052,97961],{"id":111051},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,111053,103536],{},[20,111055,111056,111057,838],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,111058,4501],{},[1112,111060,30977,111062,111064],{"id":111061},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,111063,103536],{}," raise?",[20,111066,30983,111067,111069],{},[15,111068,20386],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1112,111071,22119,111073,3602,111075,2582],{"id":111072},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,111074,56207],{},[15,111076,103522],{},[20,111078,221,111079,111081,111082,111084],{},[15,111080,56207],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,111083,103522],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1112,111086,5883,111088,111090],{"id":111087},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,111089,103536],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,111092,111093],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[36,111095,2610],{"id":2609},[233,111097,111098,111104,111110,111114,111118],{},[236,111099,111100],{},[335,111101,97482,111102,11442],{"href":109125},[15,111103,103522],{},[236,111105,111106],{},[335,111107,97482,111108,11442],{"href":98882},[15,111109,13466],{},[236,111111,111112],{},[335,111113,98006],{"href":98551},[236,111115,111116],{},[335,111117,101012],{"href":99745},[236,111119,111120],{},[335,111121,11964],{"href":11776},[2640,111123,111124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":111126},[111127,111128,111130,111131,111132,111133,111138,111146,111156],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":110128,"depth":101,"text":111129},"What set.remove() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":110379,"depth":101,"text":110380},{"id":110484,"depth":101,"text":111134,"children":111135},"How remove() is different from discard()",[111136,111137],{"id":35479,"depth":127,"text":56207},{"id":103589,"depth":127,"text":103522},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":111139},[111140,111142,111143,111145],{"id":110721,"depth":127,"text":111141},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110882,"depth":127,"text":110883},{"id":111019,"depth":127,"text":111144},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":111040,"depth":127,"text":111041},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":111147},[111148,111150,111152,111154],{"id":111051,"depth":127,"text":111149},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":111061,"depth":127,"text":111151},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":111072,"depth":127,"text":111153},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":111087,"depth":127,"text":111155},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":110002,"description":111157},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":111164,"title":111165,"body":111166,"description":112538,"extension":2687,"meta":112539,"navigation":130,"path":112540,"seo":112541,"stem":112542,"__hash__":112543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":111167,"toc":112513},[111168,111174,111180,111183,111186,111200,111202,111283,111286,111291,111295,111309,111316,111318,111337,111340,111358,111360,111440,111442,111467,111471,111474,111482,111487,111492,111494,111507,111512,111515,111539,111542,111550,111552,111555,111652,111654,111687,111689,111715,111722,111725,111729,111737,111741,111749,111751,111841,111843,111857,111864,111869,111874,111876,111967,111969,111981,111983,111997,112003,112011,112013,112095,112097,112142,112145,112153,112156,112158,112162,112205,112207,112227,112232,112234,112319,112321,112326,112328,112335,112343,112349,112352,112354,112439,112441,112465,112469,112472,112474,112501,112511],[10,111169,96868,111171,12024],{"id":111170},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,111172,111173],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,111175,111176,111179],{},[15,111177,111178],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,111181,111182],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,111184,111185],{},"Use it when:",[233,111187,111188,111191,111197],{},[236,111189,111190],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[236,111192,111193,111194,111196],{},"you do ",[4465,111195,5351],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[236,111198,111199],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[36,111201,4331],{"id":4330},[41,111203,111205],{"className":43,"code":111204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111206,111207,111227,111247,111251,111270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111208,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111210,1942],{"class":56},[50,111212,61],{"class":60},[50,111214,11191],{"class":64},[50,111216,309],{"class":111},[50,111218,78],{"class":64},[50,111220,314],{"class":111},[50,111222,78],{"class":64},[50,111224,319],{"class":111},[50,111226,1445],{"class":64},[50,111228,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,111230,3304],{"class":56},[50,111232,61],{"class":60},[50,111234,11191],{"class":64},[50,111236,437],{"class":111},[50,111238,78],{"class":64},[50,111240,3181],{"class":111},[50,111242,78],{"class":64},[50,111244,5325],{"class":111},[50,111246,1445],{"class":64},[50,111248,111249],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,111250,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111252,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111264,111266,111268],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,111254,2954],{"class":56},[50,111256,61],{"class":60},[50,111258,1912],{"class":56},[50,111260,838],{"class":64},[50,111262,111263],{"class":158},"symmetric_difference",[50,111265,155],{"class":64},[50,111267,344],{"class":158},[50,111269,186],{"class":64},[50,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,111273,366],{"class":151},[50,111275,155],{"class":64},[50,111277,2989],{"class":158},[50,111279,4382],{"class":64},[50,111281,111282],{"class":4385},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111284,111285],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[36,111287,228,111289,231],{"id":111288},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111290,111173],{},[20,111292,111293,1408],{},[15,111294,111178],{},[233,111296,111297,111300,111303,111306],{},[236,111298,111299],{},"returns a new set",[236,111301,111302],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[236,111304,111305],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[236,111307,111308],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111310,96992,111311,3602,111313,838],{},[335,111312,96996],{"href":96995},[335,111314,111315],{"href":96999},"creating a set in Python",[36,111317,256],{"id":255},[41,111319,111321],{"className":43,"code":111320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111322,111323],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111324,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111326,101253],{"class":56},[50,111328,838],{"class":64},[50,111330,111263],{"class":158},[50,111332,155],{"class":64},[50,111334,101262],{"class":158},[50,111336,186],{"class":64},[20,111338,111339],{},"Notes:",[233,111341,111342,111347,111352,111355],{},[236,111343,111344,111346],{},[15,111345,101253],{}," must be a set",[236,111348,111349,111351],{},[15,111350,101262],{}," can be any iterable",[236,111353,111354],{},"the result is always a set",[236,111356,111357],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111359,2931],{},[41,111361,111363],{"className":43,"code":111362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111364,111365,111386,111407,111411,111430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111366,111367,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111368,111369],{"class":56},"set1 ",[50,111371,61],{"class":60},[50,111373,11191],{"class":64},[50,111375,309],{"class":111},[50,111377,78],{"class":64},[50,111379,314],{"class":111},[50,111381,78],{"class":64},[50,111383,319],{"class":111},[50,111385,1445],{"class":64},[50,111387,111388,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,111389,111390],{"class":56},"set2 ",[50,111392,61],{"class":60},[50,111394,11191],{"class":64},[50,111396,437],{"class":111},[50,111398,78],{"class":64},[50,111400,3181],{"class":111},[50,111402,78],{"class":64},[50,111404,5325],{"class":111},[50,111406,1445],{"class":64},[50,111408,111409],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,111410,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111412,111413,111415,111417,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,111414,2954],{"class":56},[50,111416,61],{"class":60},[50,111418,111419],{"class":56}," set1",[50,111421,838],{"class":64},[50,111423,111263],{"class":158},[50,111425,155],{"class":64},[50,111427,101262],{"class":158},[50,111429,186],{"class":64},[50,111431,111432,111434,111436,111438],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,111433,366],{"class":151},[50,111435,155],{"class":64},[50,111437,2989],{"class":158},[50,111439,186],{"class":64},[20,111441,189],{},[41,111443,111445],{"className":43,"code":111444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111446,111447],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111448,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111450,758],{"class":64},[50,111452,309],{"class":111},[50,111454,78],{"class":64},[50,111456,314],{"class":111},[50,111458,78],{"class":64},[50,111460,3181],{"class":111},[50,111462,78],{"class":64},[50,111464,5325],{"class":111},[50,111466,1445],{"class":64},[36,111468,111470],{"id":111469},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111472,111473],{},"The result includes:",[233,111475,111476,111479],{},[236,111477,111478],{},"items only in the first set",[236,111480,111481],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111483,111484,111485,11785],{},"The result does ",[4465,111486,5351],{},[233,111488,111489],{},[236,111490,111491],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111493,6186],{},[233,111495,111496,111501],{},[236,111497,111498,111499],{},"first set: ",[15,111500,100950],{},[236,111502,111503,111504],{},"second set: ",[15,111505,111506],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111508,4767,111509,111511],{},[15,111510,437],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111513,111514],{},"The output is:",[41,111516,111517],{"className":43,"code":111444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,111518,111519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111520,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111522,758],{"class":64},[50,111524,309],{"class":111},[50,111526,78],{"class":64},[50,111528,314],{"class":111},[50,111530,78],{"class":64},[50,111532,3181],{"class":111},[50,111534,78],{"class":64},[50,111536,5325],{"class":111},[50,111538,1445],{"class":64},[20,111540,111541],{},"Also remember:",[233,111543,111544,111547],{},[236,111545,111546],{},"sets are unordered",[236,111548,111549],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[36,111551,12178],{"id":12177},[20,111553,111554],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[41,111556,111558],{"className":43,"code":111557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111559,111560,111592,111616,111620,111638,111642],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111561,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111563,107693],{"class":56},[50,111565,61],{"class":60},[50,111567,11191],{"class":64},[50,111569,69],{"class":68},[50,111571,13796],{"class":72},[50,111573,69],{"class":68},[50,111575,78],{"class":64},[50,111577,81],{"class":68},[50,111579,13813],{"class":72},[50,111581,69],{"class":68},[50,111583,78],{"class":64},[50,111585,81],{"class":68},[50,111587,18154],{"class":72},[50,111589,69],{"class":68},[50,111591,1445],{"class":64},[50,111593,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,111595,107726],{"class":56},[50,111597,61],{"class":60},[50,111599,11191],{"class":64},[50,111601,69],{"class":68},[50,111603,18154],{"class":72},[50,111605,69],{"class":68},[50,111607,78],{"class":64},[50,111609,81],{"class":68},[50,111611,23218],{"class":72},[50,111613,69],{"class":68},[50,111615,1445],{"class":64},[50,111617,111618],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,111619,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111621,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,111623,2954],{"class":56},[50,111625,61],{"class":60},[50,111627,107768],{"class":56},[50,111629,838],{"class":64},[50,111631,111263],{"class":158},[50,111633,155],{"class":64},[50,111635,107777],{"class":158},[50,111637,186],{"class":64},[50,111639,111640],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,111641,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111643,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,111645,366],{"class":151},[50,111647,155],{"class":64},[50,111649,2989],{"class":158},[50,111651,186],{"class":64},[20,111653,189],{},[41,111655,111657],{"className":43,"code":111656,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111658,111659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111662,758],{"class":64},[50,111664,413],{"class":68},[50,111666,13796],{"class":72},[50,111668,413],{"class":68},[50,111670,78],{"class":64},[50,111672,408],{"class":68},[50,111674,13813],{"class":72},[50,111676,413],{"class":68},[50,111678,78],{"class":64},[50,111680,408],{"class":68},[50,111682,23218],{"class":72},[50,111684,413],{"class":68},[50,111686,1445],{"class":64},[20,111688,14112],{},[233,111690,111691,111696,111707],{},[236,111692,111693,111695],{},[15,111694,97161],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[236,111697,111698,827,111700,111703,111704,111706],{},[15,111699,66070],{},[15,111701,111702],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111705,107830],{},", so they stay",[236,111708,111709,111711,111712,111714],{},[15,111710,110469],{}," is only in ",[15,111713,107777],{},", so it stays",[36,111716,111718,11286,111720],{"id":111717},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111719,111173],{},[15,111721,101082],{},[20,111723,111724],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111726,111727,1408],{},[15,111728,101082],{},[233,111730,111731,111734],{},[236,111732,111733],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[236,111735,111736],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111738,111739,1408],{},[15,111740,111173],{},[233,111742,111743,111746],{},[236,111744,111745],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[236,111747,111748],{},"removes shared items",[20,111750,2931],{},[41,111752,111754],{"className":43,"code":111753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111755,111756,111776,111796,111800,111821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111757,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111759,1942],{"class":56},[50,111761,61],{"class":60},[50,111763,11191],{"class":64},[50,111765,309],{"class":111},[50,111767,78],{"class":64},[50,111769,314],{"class":111},[50,111771,78],{"class":64},[50,111773,319],{"class":111},[50,111775,1445],{"class":64},[50,111777,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,111779,3304],{"class":56},[50,111781,61],{"class":60},[50,111783,11191],{"class":64},[50,111785,437],{"class":111},[50,111787,78],{"class":64},[50,111789,3181],{"class":111},[50,111791,78],{"class":64},[50,111793,5325],{"class":111},[50,111795,1445],{"class":64},[50,111797,111798],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,111799,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,111803,366],{"class":151},[50,111805,155],{"class":64},[50,111807,335],{"class":158},[50,111809,838],{"class":64},[50,111811,3534],{"class":158},[50,111813,155],{"class":64},[50,111815,344],{"class":158},[50,111817,6075],{"class":64},[50,111819,111820],{"class":4385},"            # {1, 2}\n",[50,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,111824,366],{"class":151},[50,111826,155],{"class":64},[50,111828,335],{"class":158},[50,111830,838],{"class":64},[50,111832,111263],{"class":158},[50,111834,155],{"class":64},[50,111836,344],{"class":158},[50,111838,6075],{"class":64},[50,111840,111282],{"class":4385},[20,111842,19393],{},[233,111844,111845,111852],{},[236,111846,111847,111851],{},[335,111848,111849],{"href":103508},[15,111850,101082],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[236,111853,111854,111856],{},[15,111855,111173],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[36,111858,111860,11286,111862],{"id":111859},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111861,111173],{},[15,111863,103467],{},[20,111865,111866,111868],{},[15,111867,103467],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111870,111871,111873],{},[15,111872,111173],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111875,2931],{},[41,111877,111879],{"className":43,"code":111878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111880,111881,111901,111921,111925,111947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111882,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111884,1942],{"class":56},[50,111886,61],{"class":60},[50,111888,11191],{"class":64},[50,111890,309],{"class":111},[50,111892,78],{"class":64},[50,111894,314],{"class":111},[50,111896,78],{"class":64},[50,111898,319],{"class":111},[50,111900,1445],{"class":64},[50,111902,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,111904,3304],{"class":56},[50,111906,61],{"class":60},[50,111908,11191],{"class":64},[50,111910,437],{"class":111},[50,111912,78],{"class":64},[50,111914,3181],{"class":111},[50,111916,78],{"class":64},[50,111918,5325],{"class":111},[50,111920,1445],{"class":64},[50,111922,111923],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,111924,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,111926,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111938,111940,111942,111944],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,111928,366],{"class":151},[50,111930,155],{"class":64},[50,111932,335],{"class":158},[50,111934,838],{"class":64},[50,111936,111937],{"class":158},"union",[50,111939,155],{"class":64},[50,111941,344],{"class":158},[50,111943,6075],{"class":64},[50,111945,111946],{"class":4385},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[50,111948,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,111950,366],{"class":151},[50,111952,155],{"class":64},[50,111954,335],{"class":158},[50,111956,838],{"class":64},[50,111958,111263],{"class":158},[50,111960,155],{"class":64},[50,111962,344],{"class":158},[50,111964,6075],{"class":64},[50,111966,111282],{"class":4385},[20,111968,27911],{},[233,111970,111971,111976],{},[236,111972,111973,111975],{},[15,111974,103467],{}," includes everything",[236,111977,111978,111980],{},[15,111979,111173],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111982,19393],{},[233,111984,111985,111992],{},[236,111986,111987,111991],{},[335,111988,111989],{"href":108398},[15,111990,103467],{}," when overlap does not matter",[236,111993,111994,111996],{},[15,111995,111173],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[36,111998,37289,112000,102266],{"id":111999},"using-the-operator",[15,112001,112002],{},"^",[20,112004,112005,112006,112008,112009,838],{},"For sets, the ",[15,112007,112002],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,112010,111173],{},[20,112012,2931],{},[41,112014,112016],{"className":43,"code":112015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,112017,112018,112038,112058,112062,112080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112019,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112021,111369],{"class":56},[50,112023,61],{"class":60},[50,112025,11191],{"class":64},[50,112027,309],{"class":111},[50,112029,78],{"class":64},[50,112031,314],{"class":111},[50,112033,78],{"class":64},[50,112035,319],{"class":111},[50,112037,1445],{"class":64},[50,112039,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112041,111390],{"class":56},[50,112043,61],{"class":60},[50,112045,11191],{"class":64},[50,112047,437],{"class":111},[50,112049,78],{"class":64},[50,112051,3181],{"class":111},[50,112053,78],{"class":64},[50,112055,5325],{"class":111},[50,112057,1445],{"class":64},[50,112059,112060],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112061,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112063,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112065,366],{"class":151},[50,112067,155],{"class":64},[50,112069,101253],{"class":158},[50,112071,838],{"class":64},[50,112073,111263],{"class":158},[50,112075,155],{"class":64},[50,112077,101262],{"class":158},[50,112079,1077],{"class":64},[50,112081,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112093],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112083,366],{"class":151},[50,112085,155],{"class":64},[50,112087,111369],{"class":158},[50,112089,112002],{"class":60},[50,112091,112092],{"class":158}," set2",[50,112094,186],{"class":64},[20,112096,30719],{},[41,112098,112100],{"className":43,"code":112099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,112101,112102,112122],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112103,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112105,758],{"class":64},[50,112107,309],{"class":111},[50,112109,78],{"class":64},[50,112111,314],{"class":111},[50,112113,78],{"class":64},[50,112115,3181],{"class":111},[50,112117,78],{"class":64},[50,112119,5325],{"class":111},[50,112121,1445],{"class":64},[50,112123,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112125,758],{"class":64},[50,112127,309],{"class":111},[50,112129,78],{"class":64},[50,112131,314],{"class":111},[50,112133,78],{"class":64},[50,112135,3181],{"class":111},[50,112137,78],{"class":64},[50,112139,5325],{"class":111},[50,112141,1445],{"class":64},[20,112143,112144],{},"Both forms:",[233,112146,112147,112150],{},[236,112148,112149],{},"return a new set",[236,112151,112152],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,112154,112155],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[36,112157,5238],{"id":5237},[20,112159,21910,112160,1408],{},[15,112161,111173],{},[233,112163,112164,112172,112182,112197],{},[236,112165,112166,112169,112171],{},[4465,112167,112168],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10547,112170],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[236,112173,112174,112177,112179,112181],{},[4465,112175,112176],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10547,112178],{},[15,112180,111173],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[236,112183,112184,112189,112191,112193,112194,112196],{},[4465,112185,112186,112187],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,112188,101082],{},[10547,112190],{},[15,112192,101082],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,112195,111173],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[236,112198,112199,112202,112204],{},[4465,112200,112201],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10547,112203],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,112206,59540],{},[233,112208,112209,112218,112221,112224],{},[236,112210,51168,112211,45307,112213,112217],{},[15,112212,111173],{},[335,112214,112215],{"href":108398},[15,112216,103467],{}," is actually needed",[236,112219,112220],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[236,112222,112223],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[236,112225,112226],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112228,112229,112230,838],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[335,112231,99746],{"href":106011},[20,112233,62974],{},[41,112235,112237],{"className":43,"code":112236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112238,112239,112249,112259,112277,112291,112305],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112240,112241,112243,112245,112247],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112242,366],{"class":151},[50,112244,155],{"class":64},[50,112246,101253],{"class":158},[50,112248,186],{"class":64},[50,112250,112251,112253,112255,112257],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112252,366],{"class":151},[50,112254,155],{"class":64},[50,112256,101262],{"class":158},[50,112258,186],{"class":64},[50,112260,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112262,366],{"class":151},[50,112264,155],{"class":64},[50,112266,101253],{"class":158},[50,112268,838],{"class":64},[50,112270,111263],{"class":158},[50,112272,155],{"class":64},[50,112274,101262],{"class":158},[50,112276,1077],{"class":64},[50,112278,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112280,366],{"class":151},[50,112282,155],{"class":64},[50,112284,111369],{"class":158},[50,112286,112002],{"class":60},[50,112288,112092],{"class":158},[50,112290,186],{"class":64},[50,112292,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112294,366],{"class":151},[50,112296,155],{"class":64},[50,112298,3945],{"class":371},[50,112300,155],{"class":64},[50,112302,101253],{"class":158},[50,112304,1077],{"class":64},[50,112306,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,112308,366],{"class":151},[50,112310,155],{"class":64},[50,112312,3945],{"class":371},[50,112314,155],{"class":64},[50,112316,101262],{"class":158},[50,112318,1077],{"class":64},[36,112320,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,112322,2569,112324,103407],{"id":112323},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112325,111173],{},[20,112327,103410],{},[1112,112329,5893,112331,827,112333,2582],{"id":112330},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112332,111173],{},[15,112334,101082],{},[20,112336,112337,112339,112340,112342],{},[15,112338,101082],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112341,111173],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1112,112344,29019,112346,112348],{"id":112345},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112347,111173],{}," with lists?",[20,112350,112351],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112353,2931],{},[41,112355,112357],{"className":43,"code":112356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112358,112359,112379,112399,112403,112429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112360,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112362,1861],{"class":56},[50,112364,61],{"class":60},[50,112366,65],{"class":64},[50,112368,309],{"class":111},[50,112370,78],{"class":64},[50,112372,314],{"class":111},[50,112374,78],{"class":64},[50,112376,319],{"class":111},[50,112378,98],{"class":64},[50,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112382,1885],{"class":56},[50,112384,61],{"class":60},[50,112386,65],{"class":64},[50,112388,437],{"class":111},[50,112390,78],{"class":64},[50,112392,3181],{"class":111},[50,112394,78],{"class":64},[50,112396,5325],{"class":111},[50,112398,98],{"class":64},[50,112400,112401],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112402,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112404,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112406,2954],{"class":56},[50,112408,61],{"class":60},[50,112410,16336],{"class":371},[50,112412,155],{"class":64},[50,112414,1926],{"class":158},[50,112416,9342],{"class":64},[50,112418,111263],{"class":158},[50,112420,155],{"class":64},[50,112422,7000],{"class":371},[50,112424,155],{"class":64},[50,112426,2157],{"class":158},[50,112428,1077],{"class":64},[50,112430,112431,112433,112435,112437],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112432,366],{"class":151},[50,112434,155],{"class":64},[50,112436,2989],{"class":158},[50,112438,186],{"class":64},[20,112440,189],{},[41,112442,112443],{"className":43,"code":111444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,112444,112445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112448,758],{"class":64},[50,112450,309],{"class":111},[50,112452,78],{"class":64},[50,112454,314],{"class":111},[50,112456,78],{"class":64},[50,112458,3181],{"class":111},[50,112460,78],{"class":64},[50,112462,5325],{"class":111},[50,112464,1445],{"class":64},[1112,112466,112468],{"id":112467},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112470,112471],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[36,112473,2610],{"id":2609},[233,112475,112476,112480,112485,112491,112497],{},[236,112477,112478],{},[335,112479,96996],{"href":96995},[236,112481,112482],{},[335,112483,112484],{"href":96999},"Creating a set in Python",[236,112486,112487],{},[335,112488,97482,112489,11442],{"href":103508},[15,112490,101082],{},[236,112492,112493],{},[335,112494,97482,112495,11442],{"href":108398},[15,112496,103467],{},[236,112498,112499],{},[335,112500,101012],{"href":106011},[20,112502,112503,112504,2912,112506,17772,112508,112510],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112505,101082],{},[15,112507,103467],{},[15,112509,111173],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2640,112512,57919],{},{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":112514},[112515,112516,112518,112519,112520,112521,112523,112525,112527,112528,112537],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":111288,"depth":101,"text":112517},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":111469,"depth":101,"text":111470},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":111717,"depth":101,"text":112522},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111859,"depth":101,"text":112524},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111999,"depth":101,"text":112526},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":112529},[112530,112532,112534,112536],{"id":112323,"depth":127,"text":112531},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112330,"depth":127,"text":112533},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112345,"depth":127,"text":112535},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112467,"depth":127,"text":112468},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":111165,"description":112538},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112545,"title":112546,"body":112547,"description":114610,"extension":2687,"meta":114611,"navigation":130,"path":108398,"seo":114612,"stem":114613,"__hash__":114614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112548,"toc":114569},[112549,112554,112559,112562,112575,112577,112659,112664,112669,112673,112685,112688,112692,112694,112721,112723,112734,112737,112806,112808,112814,112817,112827,112829,112918,112923,112925,112932,112935,112937,112940,113060,113062,113131,113134,113151,113156,113159,113275,113277,113306,113309,113315,113320,113324,113405,113407,113435,113440,113444,113539,113541,113582,113586,113589,113656,113658,113699,113705,113720,113727,113734,113738,113744,113830,113834,113842,113913,113918,113925,113927,113933,113935,114000,114002,114018,114023,114026,114095,114099,114102,114161,114164,114168,114221,114234,114237,114290,114294,114296,114327,114330,114335,114388,114392,114395,114416,114428,114430,114483,114485,114490,114492,114498,114501,114507,114512,114516,114519,114527,114536,114538,114566],[10,112550,13,112552,12024],{"id":112551},"python-setunion-method",[15,112553,108711],{},[20,112555,112556,112558],{},[15,112557,108711],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112560,112561],{},"It is useful when you want:",[233,112563,112564,112567,112572],{},[236,112565,112566],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[236,112568,1942,112569,112571],{},[4465,112570,101437],{}," as the result",[236,112573,112574],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[36,112576,39],{"id":38},[41,112578,112580],{"className":43,"code":112579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112581,112582,112602,112622,112626,112644,112654],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112583,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112585,111369],{"class":56},[50,112587,61],{"class":60},[50,112589,11191],{"class":64},[50,112591,309],{"class":111},[50,112593,78],{"class":64},[50,112595,314],{"class":111},[50,112597,78],{"class":64},[50,112599,319],{"class":111},[50,112601,1445],{"class":64},[50,112603,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112605,111390],{"class":56},[50,112607,61],{"class":60},[50,112609,11191],{"class":64},[50,112611,437],{"class":111},[50,112613,78],{"class":64},[50,112615,3181],{"class":111},[50,112617,78],{"class":64},[50,112619,5325],{"class":111},[50,112621,1445],{"class":64},[50,112623,112624],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112625,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112627,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112629,2954],{"class":56},[50,112631,61],{"class":60},[50,112633,111419],{"class":56},[50,112635,838],{"class":64},[50,112637,111937],{"class":158},[50,112639,155],{"class":64},[50,112641,101262],{"class":158},[50,112643,186],{"class":64},[50,112645,112646,112648,112650,112652],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112647,366],{"class":151},[50,112649,155],{"class":64},[50,112651,2989],{"class":158},[50,112653,186],{"class":64},[50,112655,112656],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,112657,112658],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112660,112661,112663],{},[15,112662,103467],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[36,112665,228,112667,231],{"id":112666},"what-setunion-does",[15,112668,108711],{},[20,112670,112671,1408],{},[15,112672,108711],{},[233,112674,112675,112678,112681,112683],{},[236,112676,112677],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[236,112679,112680],{},"keeps only unique values",[236,112682,111299],{},[236,112684,111308],{},[20,112686,112687],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112689,96992,112690,838],{},[335,112691,96996],{"href":98167},[36,112693,256],{"id":255},[41,112695,112697],{"className":43,"code":112696,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112698,112699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112700,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112702,101253],{"class":56},[50,112704,838],{"class":64},[50,112706,111937],{"class":158},[50,112708,155],{"class":64},[50,112710,101262],{"class":158},[50,112712,78],{"class":64},[50,112714,101289],{"class":158},[50,112716,78],{"class":64},[50,112718,284],{"class":151},[50,112720,186],{"class":64},[20,112722,13755],{},[233,112724,112725,112728,112731],{},[236,112726,112727],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[236,112729,112730],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[236,112732,112733],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112735,112736],{},"Example with two sets:",[41,112738,112740],{"className":43,"code":112739,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112741,112742,112758,112774,112778,112796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112745,1942],{"class":56},[50,112747,61],{"class":60},[50,112749,11191],{"class":64},[50,112751,309],{"class":111},[50,112753,78],{"class":64},[50,112755,314],{"class":111},[50,112757,1445],{"class":64},[50,112759,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112761,3304],{"class":56},[50,112763,61],{"class":60},[50,112765,11191],{"class":64},[50,112767,422],{"class":111},[50,112769,78],{"class":64},[50,112771,319],{"class":111},[50,112773,1445],{"class":64},[50,112775,112776],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112777,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112779,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112781,2954],{"class":56},[50,112783,61],{"class":60},[50,112785,1912],{"class":56},[50,112787,838],{"class":64},[50,112789,111937],{"class":158},[50,112791,155],{"class":64},[50,112793,344],{"class":158},[50,112795,186],{"class":64},[50,112797,112798,112800,112802,112804],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112799,366],{"class":151},[50,112801,155],{"class":64},[50,112803,2989],{"class":158},[50,112805,186],{"class":64},[36,112807,22668],{"id":22667},[20,112809,112810,101434,112812,838],{},[15,112811,108711],{},[4465,112813,101437],{},[20,112815,112816],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[233,112818,112819,112822],{},[236,112820,112821],{},"the original set",[236,112823,112824,112825],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112826,103467],{},[20,112828,2931],{},[41,112830,112832],{"className":43,"code":112831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112833,112834,112850,112866,112870,112888,112892,112905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112835,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112837,1942],{"class":56},[50,112839,61],{"class":60},[50,112841,11191],{"class":64},[50,112843,309],{"class":111},[50,112845,78],{"class":64},[50,112847,314],{"class":111},[50,112849,1445],{"class":64},[50,112851,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112853,3304],{"class":56},[50,112855,61],{"class":60},[50,112857,11191],{"class":64},[50,112859,422],{"class":111},[50,112861,78],{"class":64},[50,112863,319],{"class":111},[50,112865,1445],{"class":64},[50,112867,112868],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,112869,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112871,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,112873,2954],{"class":56},[50,112875,61],{"class":60},[50,112877,1912],{"class":56},[50,112879,838],{"class":64},[50,112881,111937],{"class":158},[50,112883,155],{"class":64},[50,112885,344],{"class":158},[50,112887,186],{"class":64},[50,112889,112890],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,112891,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,112893,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,112895,366],{"class":151},[50,112897,155],{"class":64},[50,112899,2989],{"class":158},[50,112901,4382],{"class":64},[50,112903,112904],{"class":4385},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[50,112906,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,112908,366],{"class":151},[50,112910,155],{"class":64},[50,112912,335],{"class":158},[50,112914,4382],{"class":64},[50,112916,112917],{"class":4385},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112919,976,112920,112922],{},[15,112921,335],{}," did not change.",[20,112924,111541],{},[233,112926,112927,112929],{},[236,112928,111546],{},[236,112930,112931],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112933,112934],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[36,112936,12178],{"id":12177},[20,112938,112939],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[41,112941,112943],{"className":43,"code":112942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112944,112945,112978,113011,113015,113035,113039,113049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112946,112947,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112948,112949],{"class":56},"fruits1 ",[50,112951,61],{"class":60},[50,112953,11191],{"class":64},[50,112955,69],{"class":68},[50,112957,4797],{"class":72},[50,112959,69],{"class":68},[50,112961,78],{"class":64},[50,112963,81],{"class":68},[50,112965,4806],{"class":72},[50,112967,69],{"class":68},[50,112969,78],{"class":64},[50,112971,81],{"class":68},[50,112973,33905],{"class":72},[50,112975,69],{"class":68},[50,112977,1445],{"class":64},[50,112979,112980,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,112981,112982],{"class":56},"fruits2 ",[50,112984,61],{"class":60},[50,112986,11191],{"class":64},[50,112988,69],{"class":68},[50,112990,4806],{"class":72},[50,112992,69],{"class":68},[50,112994,78],{"class":64},[50,112996,81],{"class":68},[50,112998,23227],{"class":72},[50,113000,69],{"class":68},[50,113002,78],{"class":64},[50,113004,81],{"class":68},[50,113006,33905],{"class":72},[50,113008,69],{"class":68},[50,113010,1445],{"class":64},[50,113012,113013],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113014,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113016,113017,113019,113021,113024,113026,113028,113030,113033],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113018,2954],{"class":56},[50,113020,61],{"class":60},[50,113022,113023],{"class":56}," fruits1",[50,113025,838],{"class":64},[50,113027,111937],{"class":158},[50,113029,155],{"class":64},[50,113031,113032],{"class":158},"fruits2",[50,113034,186],{"class":64},[50,113036,113037],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113038,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,113042,366],{"class":151},[50,113044,155],{"class":64},[50,113046,2989],{"class":158},[50,113048,186],{"class":64},[50,113050,113051,113053,113055,113058],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,113052,366],{"class":151},[50,113054,155],{"class":64},[50,113056,113057],{"class":158},"fruits1",[50,113059,186],{"class":64},[20,113061,30719],{},[41,113063,113065],{"className":43,"code":113064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,113066,113067,113103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113070,758],{"class":64},[50,113072,413],{"class":68},[50,113074,4806],{"class":72},[50,113076,413],{"class":68},[50,113078,78],{"class":64},[50,113080,408],{"class":68},[50,113082,33905],{"class":72},[50,113084,413],{"class":68},[50,113086,78],{"class":64},[50,113088,408],{"class":68},[50,113090,4797],{"class":72},[50,113092,413],{"class":68},[50,113094,78],{"class":64},[50,113096,408],{"class":68},[50,113098,23227],{"class":72},[50,113100,413],{"class":68},[50,113102,1445],{"class":64},[50,113104,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113106,758],{"class":64},[50,113108,413],{"class":68},[50,113110,4806],{"class":72},[50,113112,413],{"class":68},[50,113114,78],{"class":64},[50,113116,408],{"class":68},[50,113118,33905],{"class":72},[50,113120,413],{"class":68},[50,113122,78],{"class":64},[50,113124,408],{"class":68},[50,113126,4797],{"class":72},[50,113128,413],{"class":68},[50,113130,1445],{"class":64},[20,113132,113133],{},"What this shows:",[233,113135,113136,113143,113146],{},[236,113137,113138,827,113140,113142],{},[15,113139,65952],{},[15,113141,66379],{}," appear in both sets",[236,113144,113145],{},"they appear only once in the result",[236,113147,113148,113150],{},[15,113149,113057],{}," stays unchanged",[36,113152,2447,113154,101826],{"id":113153},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,113155,103467],{},[20,113157,113158],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[41,113160,113162],{"className":43,"code":113161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113163,113164,113180,113196,113213,113230,113234,113261,113265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113167,111369],{"class":56},[50,113169,61],{"class":60},[50,113171,11191],{"class":64},[50,113173,309],{"class":111},[50,113175,78],{"class":64},[50,113177,314],{"class":111},[50,113179,1445],{"class":64},[50,113181,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113183,111390],{"class":56},[50,113185,61],{"class":60},[50,113187,11191],{"class":64},[50,113189,422],{"class":111},[50,113191,78],{"class":64},[50,113193,319],{"class":111},[50,113195,1445],{"class":64},[50,113197,113198,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113199,113200],{"class":56},"set3 ",[50,113202,61],{"class":60},[50,113204,11191],{"class":64},[50,113206,437],{"class":111},[50,113208,78],{"class":64},[50,113210,3181],{"class":111},[50,113212,1445],{"class":64},[50,113214,113215,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113216,113217],{"class":56},"set4 ",[50,113219,61],{"class":60},[50,113221,11191],{"class":64},[50,113223,1089],{"class":111},[50,113225,78],{"class":64},[50,113227,5325],{"class":111},[50,113229,1445],{"class":64},[50,113231,113232],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113233,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113235,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113259],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,113237,2954],{"class":56},[50,113239,61],{"class":60},[50,113241,111419],{"class":56},[50,113243,838],{"class":64},[50,113245,111937],{"class":158},[50,113247,155],{"class":64},[50,113249,101262],{"class":158},[50,113251,78],{"class":64},[50,113253,101289],{"class":158},[50,113255,78],{"class":64},[50,113257,113258],{"class":158}," set4",[50,113260,186],{"class":64},[50,113262,113263],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,113264,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113266,113267,113269,113271,113273],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,113268,366],{"class":151},[50,113270,155],{"class":64},[50,113272,2989],{"class":158},[50,113274,186],{"class":64},[20,113276,30719],{},[41,113278,113280],{"className":43,"code":113279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113281,113282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113283,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113285,758],{"class":64},[50,113287,309],{"class":111},[50,113289,78],{"class":64},[50,113291,314],{"class":111},[50,113293,78],{"class":64},[50,113295,319],{"class":111},[50,113297,78],{"class":64},[50,113299,3181],{"class":111},[50,113301,78],{"class":64},[50,113303,5325],{"class":111},[50,113305,1445],{"class":64},[20,113307,113308],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[36,113310,2447,113312,113314],{"id":113311},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113313,103467],{}," with other iterables",[20,113316,113317,113319],{},[15,113318,103467],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1112,113321,113323],{"id":113322},"with-a-list","With a list",[41,113325,113327],{"className":43,"code":113326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113328,113329,113349,113373,113377,113395],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113330,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113332,302],{"class":56},[50,113334,61],{"class":60},[50,113336,11191],{"class":64},[50,113338,309],{"class":111},[50,113340,78],{"class":64},[50,113342,314],{"class":111},[50,113344,78],{"class":64},[50,113346,319],{"class":111},[50,113348,1445],{"class":64},[50,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113352,61726],{"class":56},[50,113354,61],{"class":60},[50,113356,65],{"class":64},[50,113358,437],{"class":111},[50,113360,78],{"class":64},[50,113362,3181],{"class":111},[50,113364,78],{"class":64},[50,113366,5325],{"class":111},[50,113368,78],{"class":64},[50,113370,5325],{"class":111},[50,113372,98],{"class":64},[50,113374,113375],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113376,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113378,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113380,2954],{"class":56},[50,113382,61],{"class":60},[50,113384,4982],{"class":56},[50,113386,838],{"class":64},[50,113388,111937],{"class":158},[50,113390,155],{"class":64},[50,113392,61755],{"class":158},[50,113394,186],{"class":64},[50,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113398,366],{"class":151},[50,113400,155],{"class":64},[50,113402,2989],{"class":158},[50,113404,186],{"class":64},[20,113406,30719],{},[41,113408,113409],{"className":43,"code":113279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,113410,113411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113412,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113414,758],{"class":64},[50,113416,309],{"class":111},[50,113418,78],{"class":64},[50,113420,314],{"class":111},[50,113422,78],{"class":64},[50,113424,319],{"class":111},[50,113426,78],{"class":64},[50,113428,3181],{"class":111},[50,113430,78],{"class":64},[50,113432,5325],{"class":111},[50,113434,1445],{"class":64},[20,113436,21676,113437,113439],{},[15,113438,2859],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1112,113441,113443],{"id":113442},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[41,113445,113447],{"className":43,"code":113446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113448,113449,113473,113506,113510,113529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113450,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113452,326],{"class":56},[50,113454,61],{"class":60},[50,113456,11191],{"class":64},[50,113458,69],{"class":68},[50,113460,335],{"class":72},[50,113462,69],{"class":68},[50,113464,78],{"class":64},[50,113466,81],{"class":68},[50,113468,344],{"class":72},[50,113470,69],{"class":68},[50,113472,1445],{"class":64},[50,113474,113475,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113476,113477],{"class":56},"more_letters ",[50,113479,61],{"class":60},[50,113481,419],{"class":64},[50,113483,69],{"class":68},[50,113485,344],{"class":72},[50,113487,69],{"class":68},[50,113489,78],{"class":64},[50,113491,81],{"class":68},[50,113493,353],{"class":72},[50,113495,69],{"class":68},[50,113497,78],{"class":64},[50,113499,81],{"class":68},[50,113501,19466],{"class":72},[50,113503,69],{"class":68},[50,113505,186],{"class":64},[50,113507,113508],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113509,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113511,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113527],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113513,2954],{"class":56},[50,113515,61],{"class":60},[50,113517,386],{"class":56},[50,113519,838],{"class":64},[50,113521,111937],{"class":158},[50,113523,155],{"class":64},[50,113525,113526],{"class":158},"more_letters",[50,113528,186],{"class":64},[50,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113532,366],{"class":151},[50,113534,155],{"class":64},[50,113536,2989],{"class":158},[50,113538,186],{"class":64},[20,113540,30719],{},[41,113542,113544],{"className":43,"code":113543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113545,113546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113547,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113549,758],{"class":64},[50,113551,413],{"class":68},[50,113553,335],{"class":72},[50,113555,413],{"class":68},[50,113557,78],{"class":64},[50,113559,408],{"class":68},[50,113561,344],{"class":72},[50,113563,413],{"class":68},[50,113565,78],{"class":64},[50,113567,408],{"class":68},[50,113569,353],{"class":72},[50,113571,413],{"class":68},[50,113573,78],{"class":64},[50,113575,408],{"class":68},[50,113577,19466],{"class":72},[50,113579,413],{"class":68},[50,113581,1445],{"class":64},[1112,113583,113585],{"id":113584},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113587,113588],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[41,113590,113592],{"className":43,"code":113591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113593,113594,113619,113642,113646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113595,113596,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113597,113598],{"class":56},"chars ",[50,113600,61],{"class":60},[50,113602,11191],{"class":64},[50,113604,69],{"class":68},[50,113606,335],{"class":72},[50,113608,69],{"class":68},[50,113610,78],{"class":64},[50,113612,81],{"class":68},[50,113614,344],{"class":72},[50,113616,69],{"class":68},[50,113618,1445],{"class":64},[50,113620,113621,113623,113625,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113622,2954],{"class":56},[50,113624,61],{"class":60},[50,113626,113627],{"class":56}," chars",[50,113629,838],{"class":64},[50,113631,111937],{"class":158},[50,113633,155],{"class":64},[50,113635,69],{"class":68},[50,113637,37724],{"class":72},[50,113639,69],{"class":68},[50,113641,186],{"class":64},[50,113643,113644],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113645,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113647,113648,113650,113652,113654],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113649,366],{"class":151},[50,113651,155],{"class":64},[50,113653,2989],{"class":158},[50,113655,186],{"class":64},[20,113657,30719],{},[41,113659,113661],{"className":43,"code":113660,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113662,113663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113666,758],{"class":64},[50,113668,413],{"class":68},[50,113670,335],{"class":72},[50,113672,413],{"class":68},[50,113674,78],{"class":64},[50,113676,408],{"class":68},[50,113678,344],{"class":72},[50,113680,413],{"class":68},[50,113682,78],{"class":64},[50,113684,408],{"class":68},[50,113686,353],{"class":72},[50,113688,413],{"class":68},[50,113690,78],{"class":64},[50,113692,408],{"class":68},[50,113694,63966],{"class":72},[50,113696,413],{"class":68},[50,113698,1445],{"class":64},[20,113700,22887,113701,113704],{},[15,113702,113703],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[233,113706,113707,113711,113715],{},[236,113708,113709],{},[15,113710,67159],{},[236,113712,113713],{},[15,113714,18794],{},[236,113716,113717],{},[15,113718,113719],{},"\"t\"",[36,113721,113723,11286,113725],{"id":113722},"union-vs-update",[15,113724,103467],{},[15,113726,15656],{},[20,113728,113729,827,113731,113733],{},[15,113730,103467],{},[15,113732,15656],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1112,113735,113736],{"id":111937},[15,113737,103467],{},[233,113739,113740,113742],{},[236,113741,111299],{},[236,113743,111308],{},[41,113745,113746],{"className":43,"code":112831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,113747,113748,113764,113780,113784,113802,113806,113818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113749,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113751,1942],{"class":56},[50,113753,61],{"class":60},[50,113755,11191],{"class":64},[50,113757,309],{"class":111},[50,113759,78],{"class":64},[50,113761,314],{"class":111},[50,113763,1445],{"class":64},[50,113765,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776,113778],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113767,3304],{"class":56},[50,113769,61],{"class":60},[50,113771,11191],{"class":64},[50,113773,422],{"class":111},[50,113775,78],{"class":64},[50,113777,319],{"class":111},[50,113779,1445],{"class":64},[50,113781,113782],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113783,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113785,113786,113788,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113787,2954],{"class":56},[50,113789,61],{"class":60},[50,113791,1912],{"class":56},[50,113793,838],{"class":64},[50,113795,111937],{"class":158},[50,113797,155],{"class":64},[50,113799,344],{"class":158},[50,113801,186],{"class":64},[50,113803,113804],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113805,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113807,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,113809,366],{"class":151},[50,113811,155],{"class":64},[50,113813,2989],{"class":158},[50,113815,4382],{"class":64},[50,113817,112904],{"class":4385},[50,113819,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,113821,366],{"class":151},[50,113823,155],{"class":64},[50,113825,335],{"class":158},[50,113827,4382],{"class":64},[50,113829,112917],{"class":4385},[1112,113831,113832],{"id":31154},[15,113833,15656],{},[233,113835,113836,113839],{},[236,113837,113838],{},"changes the existing set in place",[236,113840,113841],{},"does not create a separate result set",[41,113843,113845],{"className":43,"code":113844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113846,113847,113863,113879,113883,113897,113901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113848,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113850,1942],{"class":56},[50,113852,61],{"class":60},[50,113854,11191],{"class":64},[50,113856,309],{"class":111},[50,113858,78],{"class":64},[50,113860,314],{"class":111},[50,113862,1445],{"class":64},[50,113864,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113866,3304],{"class":56},[50,113868,61],{"class":60},[50,113870,11191],{"class":64},[50,113872,422],{"class":111},[50,113874,78],{"class":64},[50,113876,319],{"class":111},[50,113878,1445],{"class":64},[50,113880,113881],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113882,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113884,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113886,335],{"class":56},[50,113888,838],{"class":64},[50,113890,31154],{"class":158},[50,113892,155],{"class":64},[50,113894,344],{"class":158},[50,113896,186],{"class":64},[50,113898,113899],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113900,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113902,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,113904,366],{"class":151},[50,113906,155],{"class":64},[50,113908,335],{"class":158},[50,113910,4382],{"class":64},[50,113912,112904],{"class":4385},[20,113914,221,113915,113917],{},[15,113916,103467],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113919,113920,113921,838],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[335,113922,13,113923,11442],{"href":99187},[15,113924,97982],{},[36,113926,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,113928,2120,113930,113932],{"id":113929},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113931,103467],{}," to change the original set",[20,113934,82496],{},[41,113936,113938],{"className":43,"code":113937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113939,113940,113956,113972,113976,113990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113943,1942],{"class":56},[50,113945,61],{"class":60},[50,113947,11191],{"class":64},[50,113949,309],{"class":111},[50,113951,78],{"class":64},[50,113953,314],{"class":111},[50,113955,1445],{"class":64},[50,113957,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,113959,3304],{"class":56},[50,113961,61],{"class":60},[50,113963,11191],{"class":64},[50,113965,422],{"class":111},[50,113967,78],{"class":64},[50,113969,319],{"class":111},[50,113971,1445],{"class":64},[50,113973,113974],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,113975,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,113977,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,113979,335],{"class":56},[50,113981,838],{"class":64},[50,113983,111937],{"class":158},[50,113985,155],{"class":64},[50,113987,344],{"class":158},[50,113989,186],{"class":64},[50,113991,113992,113994,113996,113998],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,113993,366],{"class":151},[50,113995,155],{"class":64},[50,113997,335],{"class":158},[50,113999,186],{"class":64},[20,114001,189],{},[41,114003,114004],{"className":43,"code":101175,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,114005,114006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114007,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114009,758],{"class":64},[50,114011,309],{"class":111},[50,114013,78],{"class":64},[50,114015,314],{"class":111},[50,114017,1445],{"class":64},[20,114019,9206,114020,114022],{},[15,114021,103467],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,114024,114025],{},"Fix it like this:",[41,114027,114029],{"className":43,"code":114028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,114030,114031,114047,114063,114067,114085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114032,114033,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114034,1942],{"class":56},[50,114036,61],{"class":60},[50,114038,11191],{"class":64},[50,114040,309],{"class":111},[50,114042,78],{"class":64},[50,114044,314],{"class":111},[50,114046,1445],{"class":64},[50,114048,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114050,3304],{"class":56},[50,114052,61],{"class":60},[50,114054,11191],{"class":64},[50,114056,422],{"class":111},[50,114058,78],{"class":64},[50,114060,319],{"class":111},[50,114062,1445],{"class":64},[50,114064,114065],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114066,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,114068,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114070,1942],{"class":56},[50,114072,61],{"class":60},[50,114074,1912],{"class":56},[50,114076,838],{"class":64},[50,114078,111937],{"class":158},[50,114080,155],{"class":64},[50,114082,344],{"class":158},[50,114084,186],{"class":64},[50,114086,114087,114089,114091,114093],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,114088,366],{"class":151},[50,114090,155],{"class":64},[50,114092,335],{"class":158},[50,114094,186],{"class":64},[1112,114096,114098],{"id":114097},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,114100,114101],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[41,114103,114105],{"className":43,"code":114104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,114106,114107,114123,114139,114143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114108,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114110,1942],{"class":56},[50,114112,61],{"class":60},[50,114114,11191],{"class":64},[50,114116,437],{"class":111},[50,114118,78],{"class":64},[50,114120,6212],{"class":111},[50,114122,1445],{"class":64},[50,114124,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114126,3304],{"class":56},[50,114128,61],{"class":60},[50,114130,11191],{"class":64},[50,114132,422],{"class":111},[50,114134,78],{"class":64},[50,114136,3181],{"class":111},[50,114138,1445],{"class":64},[50,114140,114141],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114142,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,114144,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114146,366],{"class":151},[50,114148,155],{"class":64},[50,114150,335],{"class":158},[50,114152,838],{"class":64},[50,114154,111937],{"class":158},[50,114156,155],{"class":64},[50,114158,344],{"class":158},[50,114160,1077],{"class":64},[20,114162,114163],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1112,114165,114167],{"id":114166},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[41,114169,114171],{"className":43,"code":114170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,114172,114173,114189,114211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114174,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114176,4788],{"class":56},[50,114178,61],{"class":60},[50,114180,11191],{"class":64},[50,114182,69],{"class":68},[50,114184,58805],{"class":72},[50,114186,69],{"class":68},[50,114188,1445],{"class":64},[50,114190,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114192,2954],{"class":56},[50,114194,61],{"class":60},[50,114196,6881],{"class":56},[50,114198,838],{"class":64},[50,114200,111937],{"class":158},[50,114202,155],{"class":64},[50,114204,69],{"class":68},[50,114206,37724],{"class":72},[50,114208,69],{"class":68},[50,114210,186],{"class":64},[50,114212,114213,114215,114217,114219],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114214,366],{"class":151},[50,114216,155],{"class":64},[50,114218,2989],{"class":158},[50,114220,186],{"class":64},[20,114222,114223,114224,2912,114226,17772,114228,114230,114231,114233],{},"This adds ",[15,114225,67159],{},[15,114227,18794],{},[15,114229,113719],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114232,113703],{}," as one item.",[20,114235,114236],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[41,114238,114240],{"className":43,"code":114239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114241,114242,114258,114280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114243,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114245,4788],{"class":56},[50,114247,61],{"class":60},[50,114249,11191],{"class":64},[50,114251,69],{"class":68},[50,114253,58805],{"class":72},[50,114255,69],{"class":68},[50,114257,1445],{"class":64},[50,114259,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114261,2954],{"class":56},[50,114263,61],{"class":60},[50,114265,6881],{"class":56},[50,114267,838],{"class":64},[50,114269,111937],{"class":158},[50,114271,2182],{"class":64},[50,114273,69],{"class":68},[50,114275,37724],{"class":72},[50,114277,69],{"class":68},[50,114279,2210],{"class":64},[50,114281,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114283,366],{"class":151},[50,114285,155],{"class":64},[50,114287,2989],{"class":158},[50,114289,186],{"class":64},[1112,114291,114293],{"id":114292},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114295,3560],{},[41,114297,114299],{"className":43,"code":114298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114300,114301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114302,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114304,16331],{"class":56},[50,114306,61],{"class":60},[50,114308,11191],{"class":64},[50,114310,309],{"class":111},[50,114312,78],{"class":64},[50,114314,314],{"class":111},[50,114316,78],{"class":64},[50,114318,65],{"class":64},[50,114320,437],{"class":111},[50,114322,78],{"class":64},[50,114324,3181],{"class":111},[50,114326,14407],{"class":64},[20,114328,114329],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114331,114332,114333,1408],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114334,103467],{},[41,114336,114338],{"className":43,"code":114337,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114339,114340,114356,114378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114341,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114343,16331],{"class":56},[50,114345,61],{"class":60},[50,114347,11191],{"class":64},[50,114349,309],{"class":111},[50,114351,78],{"class":64},[50,114353,314],{"class":111},[50,114355,1445],{"class":64},[50,114357,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114359,2954],{"class":56},[50,114361,61],{"class":60},[50,114363,97592],{"class":56},[50,114365,838],{"class":64},[50,114367,111937],{"class":158},[50,114369,2182],{"class":64},[50,114371,437],{"class":111},[50,114373,78],{"class":64},[50,114375,3181],{"class":111},[50,114377,2210],{"class":64},[50,114379,114380,114382,114384,114386],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114381,366],{"class":151},[50,114383,155],{"class":64},[50,114385,2989],{"class":158},[50,114387,186],{"class":64},[36,114389,114391],{"id":114390},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114393,114394],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[233,114396,114397,114403,114410,114413],{},[236,114398,114399,114400,114402],{},"call ",[15,114401,103467],{}," without saving the returned set",[236,114404,114405,114406,9416,114408],{},"confuse ",[15,114407,103467],{},[15,114409,15656],{},[236,114411,114412],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[236,114414,114415],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114417,114418,114419,827,114423,838],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[335,114420,13,114421,11442],{"href":103456},[15,114422,107241],{},[335,114424,13,114426,11442],{"href":114425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114427,101087],{},[20,114429,62974],{},[41,114431,114433],{"className":43,"code":114432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114434,114435,114445,114459,114469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114436,114437,114439,114441,114443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114438,366],{"class":151},[50,114440,155],{"class":64},[50,114442,16369],{"class":158},[50,114444,186],{"class":64},[50,114446,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114448,366],{"class":151},[50,114450,155],{"class":64},[50,114452,3945],{"class":371},[50,114454,155],{"class":64},[50,114456,16369],{"class":158},[50,114458,1077],{"class":64},[50,114460,114461,114463,114465,114467],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114462,366],{"class":151},[50,114464,155],{"class":64},[50,114466,2989],{"class":158},[50,114468,186],{"class":64},[50,114470,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114472,32840],{"class":151},[50,114474,155],{"class":64},[50,114476,7000],{"class":371},[50,114478,838],{"class":64},[50,114480,111937],{"class":25443},[50,114482,186],{"class":64},[36,114484,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,114486,2569,114488,103407],{"id":114487},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114489,108711],{},[20,114491,103410],{},[1112,114493,5883,114495,114497],{"id":114494},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114496,103467],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114499,114500],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1112,114502,29019,114504,114506],{"id":114503},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114505,103467],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114508,42828,114509,114511],{},[15,114510,103467],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1112,114513,114515],{"id":114514},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114517,114518],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1112,114520,5893,114522,827,114524,2582],{"id":114521},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114523,103467],{},[15,114525,114526],{},"|",[20,114528,114529,114530,114532,114533,114535],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114531,114526],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114534,103467],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[36,114537,2610],{"id":2609},[233,114539,114540,114544,114550,114556,114562],{},[236,114541,114542],{},[335,114543,96996],{"href":98167},[236,114545,114546],{},[335,114547,13,114548,11442],{"href":99187},[15,114549,97982],{},[236,114551,114552],{},[335,114553,13,114554,11442],{"href":103456},[15,114555,107241],{},[236,114557,114558],{},[335,114559,13,114560,11442],{"href":114425},[15,114561,101087],{},[236,114563,114564],{},[335,114565,101012],{"href":99745},[2640,114567,114568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":114570},[114571,114572,114574,114575,114576,114577,114579,114585,114590,114597,114598,114609],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":112666,"depth":101,"text":114573},"What set.union() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":22667,"depth":101,"text":22668},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":113153,"depth":101,"text":114578},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113311,"depth":101,"text":114580,"children":114581},"Using union() with other iterables",[114582,114583,114584],{"id":113322,"depth":127,"text":113323},{"id":113442,"depth":127,"text":113443},{"id":113584,"depth":127,"text":113585},{"id":113722,"depth":101,"text":114586,"children":114587},"union() vs update()",[114588,114589],{"id":111937,"depth":127,"text":103467},{"id":31154,"depth":127,"text":15656},{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":114591},[114592,114594,114595,114596],{"id":113929,"depth":127,"text":114593},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":114097,"depth":127,"text":114098},{"id":114166,"depth":127,"text":114167},{"id":114292,"depth":127,"text":114293},{"id":114390,"depth":101,"text":114391},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":114599},[114600,114602,114604,114606,114607],{"id":114487,"depth":127,"text":114601},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114494,"depth":127,"text":114603},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114503,"depth":127,"text":114605},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114514,"depth":127,"text":114515},{"id":114521,"depth":127,"text":114608},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112546,"description":114610},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114616,"title":114617,"body":114618,"description":116507,"extension":2687,"meta":116508,"navigation":130,"path":97481,"seo":116509,"stem":116510,"__hash__":116511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114619,"toc":116473},[114620,114625,114630,114638,114640,114698,114703,114708,114712,114724,114727,114801,114806,114808,114810,114829,114831,114848,114851,114878,114880,114950,114954,114956,114962,114964,115025,115030,115032,115089,115093,115098,115163,115165,115185,115192,115196,115201,115286,115289,115296,115399,115403,115408,115466,115469,115480,115494,115501,115559,115566,115569,115579,115583,115641,115645,115711,115714,115772,115779,115786,115789,115793,115802,115871,115875,115881,115969,115979,115983,115987,115991,115994,116055,116060,116117,116121,116123,116158,116165,116167,116221,116228,116232,116235,116300,116309,116315,116372,116374,116379,116383,116387,116390,116397,116405,116409,116414,116418,116424,116426,116461,116470],[10,114621,96868,114623,12024],{"id":114622},"python-set-update-method",[15,114624,15656],{},[20,114626,114627,114629],{},[15,114628,97982],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114631,114632,114633,114637],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[335,114634,114635],{"href":99168},[15,114636,96876],{},", which adds only one item.",[36,114639,4331],{"id":4330},[41,114641,114643],{"className":43,"code":114642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114644,114645,114661,114683,114693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114646,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114648,302],{"class":56},[50,114650,61],{"class":60},[50,114652,11191],{"class":64},[50,114654,309],{"class":111},[50,114656,78],{"class":64},[50,114658,314],{"class":111},[50,114660,1445],{"class":64},[50,114662,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114664,381],{"class":56},[50,114666,838],{"class":64},[50,114668,31154],{"class":158},[50,114670,2182],{"class":64},[50,114672,422],{"class":111},[50,114674,78],{"class":64},[50,114676,319],{"class":111},[50,114678,78],{"class":64},[50,114680,3181],{"class":111},[50,114682,2210],{"class":64},[50,114684,114685,114687,114689,114691],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114686,366],{"class":151},[50,114688,155],{"class":64},[50,114690,381],{"class":158},[50,114692,186],{"class":64},[50,114694,114695],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114696,114697],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114699,221,114700,114702],{},[15,114701,15656],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[36,114704,228,114706,231],{"id":114705},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114707,97982],{},[20,114709,114710,1408],{},[15,114711,97982],{},[233,114713,114714,114717,114719,114722],{},[236,114715,114716],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[236,114718,96983],{},[236,114720,114721],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[236,114723,96986],{},[20,114725,114726],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[41,114728,114730],{"className":43,"code":114729,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114731,114732,114756,114782,114786,114796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114733,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114735,13779],{"class":56},[50,114737,61],{"class":60},[50,114739,11191],{"class":64},[50,114741,69],{"class":68},[50,114743,13796],{"class":72},[50,114745,69],{"class":68},[50,114747,78],{"class":64},[50,114749,81],{"class":68},[50,114751,13813],{"class":72},[50,114753,69],{"class":68},[50,114755,1445],{"class":64},[50,114757,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114759,18201],{"class":56},[50,114761,838],{"class":64},[50,114763,31154],{"class":158},[50,114765,2182],{"class":64},[50,114767,69],{"class":68},[50,114769,13813],{"class":72},[50,114771,69],{"class":68},[50,114773,78],{"class":64},[50,114775,81],{"class":68},[50,114777,18154],{"class":72},[50,114779,69],{"class":68},[50,114781,2210],{"class":64},[50,114783,114784],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114785,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,114787,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114789,366],{"class":151},[50,114791,155],{"class":64},[50,114793,18201],{"class":158},[50,114795,186],{"class":64},[50,114797,114798],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,114799,114800],{"class":4385},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114802,21676,114803,114805],{},[15,114804,111702],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[36,114807,256],{"id":255},[20,114809,259],{},[41,114811,114813],{"className":43,"code":114812,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114814,114815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114818,16369],{"class":56},[50,114820,838],{"class":64},[50,114822,31154],{"class":158},[50,114824,155],{"class":64},[50,114826,4442],{"class":158},[50,114828,186],{"class":64},[20,114830,80876],{},[233,114832,114833,114836,114839,114842,114845],{},[236,114834,114835],{},"A list",[236,114837,114838],{},"A tuple",[236,114840,114841],{},"Another set",[236,114843,114844],{},"A string",[236,114846,114847],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114849,114850],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[41,114852,114854],{"className":43,"code":114853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114855,114856],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114857,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114859,16369],{"class":56},[50,114861,838],{"class":64},[50,114863,31154],{"class":158},[50,114865,155],{"class":64},[50,114867,335],{"class":158},[50,114869,78],{"class":64},[50,114871,1948],{"class":158},[50,114873,78],{"class":64},[50,114875,10383],{"class":158},[50,114877,186],{"class":64},[20,114879,2931],{},[41,114881,114883],{"className":43,"code":114882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114884,114885,114897,114931,114935,114945],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114886,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114888,1321],{"class":56},[50,114890,61],{"class":60},[50,114892,11191],{"class":64},[50,114894,309],{"class":111},[50,114896,1445],{"class":64},[50,114898,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114900,6072],{"class":56},[50,114902,838],{"class":64},[50,114904,31154],{"class":158},[50,114906,2182],{"class":64},[50,114908,422],{"class":111},[50,114910,78],{"class":64},[50,114912,319],{"class":111},[50,114914,2191],{"class":64},[50,114916,419],{"class":64},[50,114918,1089],{"class":111},[50,114920,78],{"class":64},[50,114922,5325],{"class":111},[50,114924,416],{"class":64},[50,114926,11191],{"class":64},[50,114928,81267],{"class":111},[50,114930,31186],{"class":64},[50,114932,114933],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,114934,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,114936,114937,114939,114941,114943],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,114938,366],{"class":151},[50,114940,155],{"class":64},[50,114942,6072],{"class":158},[50,114944,186],{"class":64},[50,114946,114947],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,114948,114949],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114951,96992,114952,838],{},[335,114953,97000],{"href":98551},[36,114955,22668],{"id":22667},[20,114957,114958,3121,114960,838],{},[15,114959,97982],{},[15,114961,4501],{},[20,114963,12418],{},[41,114965,114967],{"className":43,"code":114966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114968,114969,114985,115007,115011,115021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114970,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114972,302],{"class":56},[50,114974,61],{"class":60},[50,114976,11191],{"class":64},[50,114978,309],{"class":111},[50,114980,78],{"class":64},[50,114982,314],{"class":111},[50,114984,1445],{"class":64},[50,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,114988,2954],{"class":56},[50,114990,61],{"class":60},[50,114992,4982],{"class":56},[50,114994,838],{"class":64},[50,114996,31154],{"class":158},[50,114998,2182],{"class":64},[50,115000,437],{"class":111},[50,115002,78],{"class":64},[50,115004,3181],{"class":111},[50,115006,2210],{"class":64},[50,115008,115009],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115010,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115012,115013,115015,115017,115019],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115014,366],{"class":151},[50,115016,155],{"class":64},[50,115018,2989],{"class":158},[50,115020,186],{"class":64},[50,115022,115023],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115024,62510],{"class":4385},[20,115026,115027,115028,838],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,115029,2989],{},[20,115031,19667],{},[41,115033,115035],{"className":43,"code":115034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115036,115037,115053,115071,115075,115085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115040,302],{"class":56},[50,115042,61],{"class":60},[50,115044,11191],{"class":64},[50,115046,309],{"class":111},[50,115048,78],{"class":64},[50,115050,314],{"class":111},[50,115052,1445],{"class":64},[50,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115056,381],{"class":56},[50,115058,838],{"class":64},[50,115060,31154],{"class":158},[50,115062,2182],{"class":64},[50,115064,437],{"class":111},[50,115066,78],{"class":64},[50,115068,3181],{"class":111},[50,115070,2210],{"class":64},[50,115072,115073],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115074,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115078,366],{"class":151},[50,115080,155],{"class":64},[50,115082,381],{"class":158},[50,115084,186],{"class":64},[50,115086,115087],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115088,114697],{"class":4385},[36,115090,115092],{"id":115091},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,115094,115095,115096,838],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,115097,15656],{},[41,115099,115101],{"className":43,"code":115100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115102,115103,115119,115145,115149,115159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115104,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115106,302],{"class":56},[50,115108,61],{"class":60},[50,115110,11191],{"class":64},[50,115112,309],{"class":111},[50,115114,78],{"class":64},[50,115116,314],{"class":111},[50,115118,1445],{"class":64},[50,115120,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139,115141,115143],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115122,381],{"class":56},[50,115124,838],{"class":64},[50,115126,31154],{"class":158},[50,115128,2182],{"class":64},[50,115130,422],{"class":111},[50,115132,78],{"class":64},[50,115134,319],{"class":111},[50,115136,78],{"class":64},[50,115138,3181],{"class":111},[50,115140,78],{"class":64},[50,115142,3181],{"class":111},[50,115144,2210],{"class":64},[50,115146,115147],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115148,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115150,115151,115153,115155,115157],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115152,366],{"class":151},[50,115154,155],{"class":64},[50,115156,381],{"class":158},[50,115158,186],{"class":64},[50,115160,115161],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115162,114697],{"class":4385},[20,115164,12387],{},[233,115166,115167,115172,115179],{},[236,115168,115169,115171],{},[15,115170,422],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[236,115173,115174,827,115176,115178],{},[15,115175,437],{},[15,115177,1089],{}," are added",[236,115180,115181,115182,115184],{},"The second ",[15,115183,1089],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,115186,115187,115188,115191],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[335,115189,115190],{"href":99745},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[36,115193,115195],{"id":115194},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,115197,8476,115198,115200],{},[15,115199,15656],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[41,115202,115204],{"className":43,"code":115203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,115205,115206,115227,115248,115252,115268,115272,115282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115207,115208,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223,115225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115209,115210],{"class":56},"set_a ",[50,115212,61],{"class":60},[50,115214,11191],{"class":64},[50,115216,309],{"class":111},[50,115218,78],{"class":64},[50,115220,314],{"class":111},[50,115222,78],{"class":64},[50,115224,319],{"class":111},[50,115226,1445],{"class":64},[50,115228,115229,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115230,115231],{"class":56},"set_b ",[50,115233,61],{"class":60},[50,115235,11191],{"class":64},[50,115237,437],{"class":111},[50,115239,78],{"class":64},[50,115241,3181],{"class":111},[50,115243,78],{"class":64},[50,115245,5325],{"class":111},[50,115247,1445],{"class":64},[50,115249,115250],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115251,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115253,115254,115257,115259,115261,115263,115266],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115255,115256],{"class":56},"set_a",[50,115258,838],{"class":64},[50,115260,31154],{"class":158},[50,115262,155],{"class":64},[50,115264,115265],{"class":158},"set_b",[50,115267,186],{"class":64},[50,115269,115270],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115271,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,115275,366],{"class":151},[50,115277,155],{"class":64},[50,115279,115256],{"class":158},[50,115281,186],{"class":64},[50,115283,115284],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,115285,112658],{"class":4385},[20,115287,115288],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115290,115291,115292,838],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[335,115293,115294],{"href":103464},[15,115295,108711],{},[41,115297,115299],{"className":43,"code":115298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115300,115301,115321,115341,115345,115365,115369,115380,115384,115394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115302,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115304,115210],{"class":56},[50,115306,61],{"class":60},[50,115308,11191],{"class":64},[50,115310,309],{"class":111},[50,115312,78],{"class":64},[50,115314,314],{"class":111},[50,115316,78],{"class":64},[50,115318,319],{"class":111},[50,115320,1445],{"class":64},[50,115322,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115324,115231],{"class":56},[50,115326,61],{"class":60},[50,115328,11191],{"class":64},[50,115330,437],{"class":111},[50,115332,78],{"class":64},[50,115334,3181],{"class":111},[50,115336,78],{"class":64},[50,115338,5325],{"class":111},[50,115340,1445],{"class":64},[50,115342,115343],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115344,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115346,115347,115350,115352,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115348,115349],{"class":56},"combined ",[50,115351,61],{"class":60},[50,115353,115354],{"class":56}," set_a",[50,115356,838],{"class":64},[50,115358,111937],{"class":158},[50,115360,155],{"class":64},[50,115362,115265],{"class":158},[50,115364,186],{"class":64},[50,115366,115367],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115368,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115370,115371,115373,115375,115378],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,115372,366],{"class":151},[50,115374,155],{"class":64},[50,115376,115377],{"class":158},"combined",[50,115379,186],{"class":64},[50,115381,115382],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,115383,112658],{"class":4385},[50,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,115387,366],{"class":151},[50,115389,155],{"class":64},[50,115391,115256],{"class":158},[50,115393,186],{"class":64},[50,115395,115396],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,115397,115398],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[36,115400,115402],{"id":115401},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115404,65417,115405,115407],{},[15,115406,15656],{}," adds each character separately.",[41,115409,115411],{"className":43,"code":115410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115412,115413,115429,115447,115451,115461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115414,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115416,326],{"class":56},[50,115418,61],{"class":60},[50,115420,11191],{"class":64},[50,115422,69],{"class":68},[50,115424,2896],{"class":72},[50,115426,69],{"class":68},[50,115428,1445],{"class":64},[50,115430,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115432,36820],{"class":56},[50,115434,838],{"class":64},[50,115436,31154],{"class":158},[50,115438,155],{"class":64},[50,115440,69],{"class":68},[50,115442,37724],{"class":72},[50,115444,69],{"class":68},[50,115446,186],{"class":64},[50,115448,115449],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115450,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115454,366],{"class":151},[50,115456,155],{"class":64},[50,115458,36820],{"class":158},[50,115460,186],{"class":64},[50,115462,115463],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115464,115465],{"class":4385},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115467,115468],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115470,115471,14755,115474,115476,115477,115479],{},[15,115472,115473],{},"update(\"cat\")",[4465,115475,5351],{}," add ",[15,115478,113703],{}," as one item. It adds:",[233,115481,115482,115486,115490],{},[236,115483,115484],{},[15,115485,67159],{},[236,115487,115488],{},[15,115489,18794],{},[236,115491,115492],{},[15,115493,113719],{},[20,115495,115496,115497,1408],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[335,115498,115499],{"href":99168},[15,115500,96876],{},[41,115502,115504],{"className":43,"code":115503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115505,115506,115522,115540,115544,115554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115507,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115509,4788],{"class":56},[50,115511,61],{"class":60},[50,115513,11191],{"class":64},[50,115515,69],{"class":68},[50,115517,58805],{"class":72},[50,115519,69],{"class":68},[50,115521,1445],{"class":64},[50,115523,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536,115538],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115525,4832],{"class":56},[50,115527,838],{"class":64},[50,115529,82775],{"class":158},[50,115531,155],{"class":64},[50,115533,69],{"class":68},[50,115535,37724],{"class":72},[50,115537,69],{"class":68},[50,115539,186],{"class":64},[50,115541,115542],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115543,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115545,115546,115548,115550,115552],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115547,366],{"class":151},[50,115549,155],{"class":64},[50,115551,4832],{"class":158},[50,115553,186],{"class":64},[50,115555,115556],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115557,115558],{"class":4385},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[36,115560,115562,11286,115564],{"id":115561},"update-vs-add",[15,115563,15656],{},[15,115565,96871],{},[20,115567,115568],{},"The difference is simple:",[233,115570,115571,115575],{},[236,115572,115573,97470],{},[15,115574,96871],{},[236,115576,115577,97475],{},[15,115578,15656],{},[20,115580,46716,115581,1408],{},[15,115582,96871],{},[41,115584,115586],{"className":43,"code":115585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115587,115588,115604,115622,115626,115636],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115589,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115591,36916],{"class":56},[50,115593,61],{"class":60},[50,115595,11191],{"class":64},[50,115597,69],{"class":68},[50,115599,4797],{"class":72},[50,115601,69],{"class":68},[50,115603,1445],{"class":64},[50,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115607,36968],{"class":56},[50,115609,838],{"class":64},[50,115611,82775],{"class":158},[50,115613,155],{"class":64},[50,115615,69],{"class":68},[50,115617,4806],{"class":72},[50,115619,69],{"class":68},[50,115621,186],{"class":64},[50,115623,115624],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115625,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115627,115628,115630,115632,115634],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115629,366],{"class":151},[50,115631,155],{"class":64},[50,115633,36968],{"class":158},[50,115635,186],{"class":64},[50,115637,115638],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115639,115640],{"class":4385},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115642,46716,115643,1408],{},[15,115644,15656],{},[41,115646,115648],{"className":43,"code":115647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115649,115650,115666,115692,115696,115706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115651,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115653,36916],{"class":56},[50,115655,61],{"class":60},[50,115657,11191],{"class":64},[50,115659,69],{"class":68},[50,115661,4797],{"class":72},[50,115663,69],{"class":68},[50,115665,1445],{"class":64},[50,115667,115668,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115669,36968],{"class":56},[50,115671,838],{"class":64},[50,115673,31154],{"class":158},[50,115675,2182],{"class":64},[50,115677,69],{"class":68},[50,115679,4806],{"class":72},[50,115681,69],{"class":68},[50,115683,78],{"class":64},[50,115685,81],{"class":68},[50,115687,33905],{"class":72},[50,115689,69],{"class":68},[50,115691,2210],{"class":64},[50,115693,115694],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115695,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115697,115698,115700,115702,115704],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115699,366],{"class":151},[50,115701,155],{"class":64},[50,115703,36968],{"class":158},[50,115705,186],{"class":64},[50,115707,115708],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115709,115710],{"class":4385},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115712,115713],{},"Important warning with strings:",[41,115715,115717],{"className":43,"code":115716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115718,115719,115735,115753,115757,115767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115720,115721,115723,115725,115727,115729,115731,115733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115722,36916],{"class":56},[50,115724,61],{"class":60},[50,115726,11191],{"class":64},[50,115728,69],{"class":68},[50,115730,4797],{"class":72},[50,115732,69],{"class":68},[50,115734,1445],{"class":64},[50,115736,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115738,36968],{"class":56},[50,115740,838],{"class":64},[50,115742,31154],{"class":158},[50,115744,155],{"class":64},[50,115746,69],{"class":68},[50,115748,39018],{"class":72},[50,115750,69],{"class":68},[50,115752,186],{"class":64},[50,115754,115755],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115756,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115760,366],{"class":151},[50,115762,155],{"class":64},[50,115764,36968],{"class":158},[50,115766,186],{"class":64},[50,115768,115769],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115770,115771],{"class":4385},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115773,62785,115774,62858,115777,7344],{},[15,115775,115776],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115778,96871],{},[36,115780,115782,11286,115784],{"id":115781},"update-vs-union",[15,115783,15656],{},[15,115785,103467],{},[20,115787,115788],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1112,115790,115791],{"id":31154},[15,115792,15656],{},[233,115794,115795,115798],{},[236,115796,115797],{},"Changes the existing set",[236,115799,12126,115800],{},[15,115801,4501],{},[41,115803,115805],{"className":43,"code":115804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115806,115807,115823,115839,115843,115857,115867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115808,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115810,1942],{"class":56},[50,115812,61],{"class":60},[50,115814,11191],{"class":64},[50,115816,309],{"class":111},[50,115818,78],{"class":64},[50,115820,314],{"class":111},[50,115822,1445],{"class":64},[50,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115826,3304],{"class":56},[50,115828,61],{"class":60},[50,115830,11191],{"class":64},[50,115832,422],{"class":111},[50,115834,78],{"class":64},[50,115836,319],{"class":111},[50,115838,1445],{"class":64},[50,115840,115841],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115842,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115844,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115846,335],{"class":56},[50,115848,838],{"class":64},[50,115850,31154],{"class":158},[50,115852,155],{"class":64},[50,115854,344],{"class":158},[50,115856,186],{"class":64},[50,115858,115859,115861,115863,115865],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115860,366],{"class":151},[50,115862,155],{"class":64},[50,115864,335],{"class":158},[50,115866,186],{"class":64},[50,115868,115869],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,115870,115398],{"class":4385},[1112,115872,115873],{"id":111937},[15,115874,103467],{},[233,115876,115877,115879],{},[236,115878,102005],{},[236,115880,102008],{},[41,115882,115884],{"className":43,"code":115883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115885,115886,115902,115918,115922,115940,115950,115954,115964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115887,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115889,1942],{"class":56},[50,115891,61],{"class":60},[50,115893,11191],{"class":64},[50,115895,309],{"class":111},[50,115897,78],{"class":64},[50,115899,314],{"class":111},[50,115901,1445],{"class":64},[50,115903,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,115905,3304],{"class":56},[50,115907,61],{"class":60},[50,115909,11191],{"class":64},[50,115911,422],{"class":111},[50,115913,78],{"class":64},[50,115915,319],{"class":111},[50,115917,1445],{"class":64},[50,115919,115920],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,115921,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,115923,115924,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,115925,83854],{"class":56},[50,115927,61],{"class":60},[50,115929,1912],{"class":56},[50,115931,838],{"class":64},[50,115933,111937],{"class":158},[50,115935,155],{"class":64},[50,115937,344],{"class":158},[50,115939,186],{"class":64},[50,115941,115942,115944,115946,115948],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,115943,366],{"class":151},[50,115945,155],{"class":64},[50,115947,353],{"class":158},[50,115949,186],{"class":64},[50,115951,115952],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,115953,115398],{"class":4385},[50,115955,115956,115958,115960,115962],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,115957,366],{"class":151},[50,115959,155],{"class":64},[50,115961,335],{"class":158},[50,115963,186],{"class":64},[50,115965,115966],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,115967,115968],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115970,108353,115971,115973,115974,115978],{},[15,115972,15656],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[335,115975,115976],{"href":103464},[15,115977,103467],{}," when you want a new set.",[36,115980,115982],{"id":115981},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115984,11449,115985,838],{},[15,115986,97982],{},[1112,115988,115990],{"id":115989},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115992,115993],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[41,115995,115997],{"className":43,"code":115996,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115998,115999,116015,116037,116041,116051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116002,16331],{"class":56},[50,116004,61],{"class":60},[50,116006,11191],{"class":64},[50,116008,309],{"class":111},[50,116010,78],{"class":64},[50,116012,314],{"class":111},[50,116014,1445],{"class":64},[50,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116018,2954],{"class":56},[50,116020,61],{"class":60},[50,116022,97592],{"class":56},[50,116024,838],{"class":64},[50,116026,31154],{"class":158},[50,116028,2182],{"class":64},[50,116030,437],{"class":111},[50,116032,78],{"class":64},[50,116034,3181],{"class":111},[50,116036,2210],{"class":64},[50,116038,116039],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116040,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116042,116043,116045,116047,116049],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116044,366],{"class":151},[50,116046,155],{"class":64},[50,116048,2989],{"class":158},[50,116050,186],{"class":64},[50,116052,116053],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116054,62510],{"class":4385},[20,116056,116057,116058,1408],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,116059,15656],{},[41,116061,116063],{"className":43,"code":116062,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,116064,116065,116081,116099,116103,116113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116066,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116068,16331],{"class":56},[50,116070,61],{"class":60},[50,116072,11191],{"class":64},[50,116074,309],{"class":111},[50,116076,78],{"class":64},[50,116078,314],{"class":111},[50,116080,1445],{"class":64},[50,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116084,16369],{"class":56},[50,116086,838],{"class":64},[50,116088,31154],{"class":158},[50,116090,2182],{"class":64},[50,116092,437],{"class":111},[50,116094,78],{"class":64},[50,116096,3181],{"class":111},[50,116098,2210],{"class":64},[50,116100,116101],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116102,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116104,116105,116107,116109,116111],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116106,366],{"class":151},[50,116108,155],{"class":64},[50,116110,16369],{"class":158},[50,116112,186],{"class":64},[50,116114,116115],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116116,114697],{"class":4385},[1112,116118,116120],{"id":116119},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,116122,3560],{},[41,116124,116126],{"className":43,"code":116125,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,116127,116128,116144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116129,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116131,16331],{"class":56},[50,116133,61],{"class":60},[50,116135,11191],{"class":64},[50,116137,309],{"class":111},[50,116139,78],{"class":64},[50,116141,314],{"class":111},[50,116143,1445],{"class":64},[50,116145,116146,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116147,16369],{"class":56},[50,116149,838],{"class":64},[50,116151,31154],{"class":158},[50,116153,155],{"class":64},[50,116155,2859],{"class":111},[50,116157,186],{"class":64},[20,116159,62964,116160,9312,116162,116164],{},[15,116161,3727],{},[15,116163,2859],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,116166,7267],{},[41,116168,116170],{"className":43,"code":116169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,116171,116172,116188,116202,116206,116216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116175,16331],{"class":56},[50,116177,61],{"class":60},[50,116179,11191],{"class":64},[50,116181,309],{"class":111},[50,116183,78],{"class":64},[50,116185,314],{"class":111},[50,116187,1445],{"class":64},[50,116189,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116191,16369],{"class":56},[50,116193,838],{"class":64},[50,116195,31154],{"class":158},[50,116197,2182],{"class":64},[50,116199,2859],{"class":111},[50,116201,2210],{"class":64},[50,116203,116204],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116205,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116207,116208,116210,116212,116214],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116209,366],{"class":151},[50,116211,155],{"class":64},[50,116213,16369],{"class":158},[50,116215,186],{"class":64},[50,116217,116218],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116219,116220],{"class":4385},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116222,46589,116223,838],{},[335,116224,26370,116225],{"href":53277},[15,116226,116227],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1112,116229,116231],{"id":116230},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116233,116234],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[41,116236,116238],{"className":43,"code":116237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116239,116240,116256,116282,116286,116296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116241,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116243,16331],{"class":56},[50,116245,61],{"class":60},[50,116247,11191],{"class":64},[50,116249,309],{"class":111},[50,116251,78],{"class":64},[50,116253,314],{"class":111},[50,116255,1445],{"class":64},[50,116257,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116259,16369],{"class":56},[50,116261,838],{"class":64},[50,116263,31154],{"class":158},[50,116265,2182],{"class":64},[50,116267,422],{"class":111},[50,116269,78],{"class":64},[50,116271,314],{"class":111},[50,116273,78],{"class":64},[50,116275,314],{"class":111},[50,116277,78],{"class":64},[50,116279,319],{"class":111},[50,116281,2210],{"class":64},[50,116283,116284],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116285,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116287,116288,116290,116292,116294],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116289,366],{"class":151},[50,116291,155],{"class":64},[50,116293,16369],{"class":158},[50,116295,186],{"class":64},[50,116297,116298],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116299,115398],{"class":4385},[1112,116301,116303,116304,45307,116306,116308],{"id":116302},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116305,15656],{},[15,116307,96871],{}," is better",[20,116310,116311,116312,116314],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116313,96871],{}," is usually the better choice.",[41,116316,116318],{"className":43,"code":116317,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116319,116320,116336,116354,116358,116368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116321,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116323,16331],{"class":56},[50,116325,61],{"class":60},[50,116327,11191],{"class":64},[50,116329,69],{"class":68},[50,116331,58805],{"class":72},[50,116333,69],{"class":68},[50,116335,1445],{"class":64},[50,116337,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116339,16369],{"class":56},[50,116341,838],{"class":64},[50,116343,82775],{"class":158},[50,116345,155],{"class":64},[50,116347,69],{"class":68},[50,116349,37724],{"class":72},[50,116351,69],{"class":68},[50,116353,186],{"class":64},[50,116355,116356],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116357,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116359,116360,116362,116364,116366],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116361,366],{"class":151},[50,116363,155],{"class":64},[50,116365,16369],{"class":158},[50,116367,186],{"class":64},[50,116369,116370],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116371,115558],{"class":4385},[36,116373,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,116375,2569,116377,97961],{"id":116376},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116378,97982],{},[20,116380,97964,116381,838],{},[15,116382,4501],{},[1112,116384,29019,116385,32914],{"id":32911},[15,116386,15656],{},[20,116388,116389],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1112,116391,5893,116393,827,116395,2582],{"id":116392},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116394,96871],{},[15,116396,15656],{},[20,116398,116399,116401,116402,116404],{},[15,116400,96871],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116403,15656],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1112,116406,116408],{"id":116407},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116410,116411,116412,115407],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116413,15656],{},[1112,116415,116417],{"id":116416},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116419,221,116420,11794,116422,838],{},[15,116421,103467],{},[15,116423,15656],{},[36,116425,2610],{"id":2609},[233,116427,116428,116435,116442,116448,116454],{},[236,116429,116430],{},[335,116431,116432],{"href":99168},[15,116433,116434],{},"Python set add() method",[236,116436,116437],{},[335,116438,116439],{"href":103464},[15,116440,116441],{},"Python set union() method",[236,116443,116444],{},[335,116445,116446],{"href":98551},[15,116447,98006],{},[236,116449,116450],{},[335,116451,116452],{"href":99745},[15,116453,101012],{},[236,116455,116456],{},[335,116457,116458,116460],{"href":53277},[15,116459,116227],{}," fix",[20,116462,116463,116464,116466,116467,116469],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116465,96876],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116468,108711],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2640,116471,116472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":116474},[116475,116476,116478,116479,116480,116481,116482,116483,116485,116490,116497,116506],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":114705,"depth":101,"text":116477},"What set.update() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":22667,"depth":101,"text":22668},{"id":115091,"depth":101,"text":115092},{"id":115194,"depth":101,"text":115195},{"id":115401,"depth":101,"text":115402},{"id":115561,"depth":101,"text":116484},"update() vs add()",{"id":115781,"depth":101,"text":116486,"children":116487},"update() vs union()",[116488,116489],{"id":31154,"depth":127,"text":15656},{"id":111937,"depth":127,"text":103467},{"id":115981,"depth":101,"text":115982,"children":116491},[116492,116493,116494,116495],{"id":115989,"depth":127,"text":115990},{"id":116119,"depth":127,"text":116120},{"id":116230,"depth":127,"text":116231},{"id":116302,"depth":127,"text":116496},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":116498},[116499,116501,116502,116504,116505],{"id":116376,"depth":127,"text":116500},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32911,"depth":127,"text":32983},{"id":116392,"depth":127,"text":116503},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116407,"depth":127,"text":116408},{"id":116416,"depth":127,"text":116417},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114617,"description":116507},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116513,"title":116514,"body":116515,"description":118281,"extension":2687,"meta":118282,"navigation":130,"path":14491,"seo":118283,"stem":118284,"__hash__":118285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116516,"toc":118256},[116517,116520,116523,116526,116537,116545,116548,116550,116699,116711,116715,116732,116736,116744,116746,116757,116759,116856,116862,116865,116961,116970,116975,116979,116984,116986,116996,116998,117107,117115,117119,117122,117125,117142,117148,117228,117231,117235,117238,117242,117245,117304,117307,117311,117314,117406,117410,117413,117520,117524,117530,117558,117560,117642,117652,117656,117659,117670,117673,117758,117761,117766,117770,117773,117784,117787,117929,117932,117936,117939,117953,117956,118017,118023,118025,118028,118050,118053,118153,118156,118188,118190,118194,118197,118199,118202,118206,118209,118213,118216,118220,118223,118225,118253],[10,116518,116514],{"id":116519},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116521,116522],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116524,116525],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[233,116527,116528,116531,116534],{},[236,116529,116530],{},"a list inside another list",[236,116532,116533],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[236,116535,116536],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116538,100934,116539,827,116541,116544],{},[4465,116540,13554],{},[4465,116542,116543],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116546,116547],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[36,116549,39],{"id":38},[41,116551,116553],{"className":43,"code":116552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116554,116555,116562,116566,116592,116612,116632,116636,116654,116658,116671,116685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116556,116557,116559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116558,35776],{"class":137},[50,116560,116561],{"class":56}," copy\n",[50,116563,116564],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116565,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116567,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116569,12790],{"class":56},[50,116571,61],{"class":60},[50,116573,56972],{"class":64},[50,116575,309],{"class":111},[50,116577,78],{"class":64},[50,116579,314],{"class":111},[50,116581,2191],{"class":64},[50,116583,65],{"class":64},[50,116585,437],{"class":111},[50,116587,78],{"class":64},[50,116589,3181],{"class":111},[50,116591,53920],{"class":64},[50,116593,116594,116597,116599,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116595,116596],{"class":56},"shallow ",[50,116598,61],{"class":60},[50,116600,116601],{"class":56}," copy",[50,116603,838],{"class":64},[50,116605,13614],{"class":158},[50,116607,155],{"class":64},[50,116609,12837],{"class":158},[50,116611,186],{"class":64},[50,116613,116614,116617,116619,116621,116623,116626,116628,116630],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116615,116616],{"class":56},"deep ",[50,116618,61],{"class":60},[50,116620,116601],{"class":56},[50,116622,838],{"class":64},[50,116624,116625],{"class":158},"deepcopy",[50,116627,155],{"class":64},[50,116629,12837],{"class":158},[50,116631,186],{"class":64},[50,116633,116634],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,116635,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,116639,12837],{"class":56},[50,116641,4620],{"class":64},[50,116643,2842],{"class":111},[50,116645,14251],{"class":64},[50,116647,14254],{"class":158},[50,116649,155],{"class":64},[50,116651,57025],{"class":111},[50,116653,186],{"class":64},[50,116655,116656],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,116657,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116659,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,116661,366],{"class":151},[50,116663,155],{"class":64},[50,116665,12837],{"class":158},[50,116667,4382],{"class":64},[50,116669,116670],{"class":4385},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116672,116673,116675,116677,116680,116682],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,116674,366],{"class":151},[50,116676,155],{"class":64},[50,116678,116679],{"class":158},"shallow",[50,116681,4382],{"class":64},[50,116683,116684],{"class":4385},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116686,116687,116689,116691,116694,116696],{"class":52,"line":12298},[50,116688,366],{"class":151},[50,116690,155],{"class":64},[50,116692,116693],{"class":158},"deep",[50,116695,4382],{"class":64},[50,116697,116698],{"class":4385},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116700,221,116701,116704,116705,827,116707,116710],{},[15,116702,116703],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[4465,116706,13554],{},[15,116708,116709],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[36,116712,116714],{"id":116713},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[233,116716,116717,116720,116723,116726,116729],{},[236,116718,116719],{},"What a copy means in Python",[236,116721,116722],{},"How shallow copy works",[236,116724,116725],{},"How deep copy works",[236,116727,116728],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[236,116730,116731],{},"When to use each approach",[36,116733,116735],{"id":116734},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116737,15891,116738,116740,116741,116743],{},[4465,116739,13554],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[4465,116742,5351],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116745,2829],{},[233,116747,116748,116751,116754],{},[236,116749,116750],{},"the outer container is new",[236,116752,116753],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[236,116755,116756],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116758,2931],{},[41,116760,116762],{"className":43,"code":116761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116763,116764,116790,116804,116808,116826,116830,116843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116765,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116767,12790],{"class":56},[50,116769,61],{"class":60},[50,116771,56972],{"class":64},[50,116773,309],{"class":111},[50,116775,78],{"class":64},[50,116777,314],{"class":111},[50,116779,2191],{"class":64},[50,116781,65],{"class":64},[50,116783,437],{"class":111},[50,116785,78],{"class":64},[50,116787,3181],{"class":111},[50,116789,53920],{"class":64},[50,116791,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116793,15013],{"class":56},[50,116795,61],{"class":60},[50,116797,12865],{"class":56},[50,116799,838],{"class":64},[50,116801,13614],{"class":158},[50,116803,9354],{"class":64},[50,116805,116806],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116807,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116809,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116811,15032],{"class":56},[50,116813,838],{"class":64},[50,116815,14254],{"class":158},[50,116817,2182],{"class":64},[50,116819,2859],{"class":111},[50,116821,78],{"class":64},[50,116823,38321],{"class":111},[50,116825,2210],{"class":64},[50,116827,116828],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116829,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116831,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,116833,366],{"class":151},[50,116835,155],{"class":64},[50,116837,12837],{"class":158},[50,116839,4382],{"class":64},[50,116841,116842],{"class":4385},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116844,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,116846,366],{"class":151},[50,116848,155],{"class":64},[50,116850,15032],{"class":158},[50,116852,4382],{"class":64},[50,116854,116855],{"class":4385},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116857,116858,116859,116861],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116860,15032],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116863,116864],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[41,116866,116868],{"className":43,"code":116867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116869,116870,116896,116910,116914,116932,116936,116948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116871,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116873,12790],{"class":56},[50,116875,61],{"class":60},[50,116877,56972],{"class":64},[50,116879,309],{"class":111},[50,116881,78],{"class":64},[50,116883,314],{"class":111},[50,116885,2191],{"class":64},[50,116887,65],{"class":64},[50,116889,437],{"class":111},[50,116891,78],{"class":64},[50,116893,3181],{"class":111},[50,116895,53920],{"class":64},[50,116897,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,116899,15013],{"class":56},[50,116901,61],{"class":60},[50,116903,12865],{"class":56},[50,116905,838],{"class":64},[50,116907,13614],{"class":158},[50,116909,9354],{"class":64},[50,116911,116912],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,116913,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116915,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,116917,15032],{"class":56},[50,116919,4620],{"class":64},[50,116921,2842],{"class":111},[50,116923,14251],{"class":64},[50,116925,14254],{"class":158},[50,116927,155],{"class":64},[50,116929,57025],{"class":111},[50,116931,186],{"class":64},[50,116933,116934],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,116935,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,116939,366],{"class":151},[50,116941,155],{"class":64},[50,116943,12837],{"class":158},[50,116945,4382],{"class":64},[50,116947,116670],{"class":4385},[50,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,116951,366],{"class":151},[50,116953,155],{"class":64},[50,116955,15032],{"class":158},[50,116957,4382],{"class":64},[50,116959,116960],{"class":4385},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116962,116963,116964,827,116966,116969],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116965,57129],{},[15,116967,116968],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116971,116972,116973,838],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[335,116974,44613],{"href":12769},[36,116976,116978],{"id":116977},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116980,15891,116981,116983],{},[4465,116982,116543],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116985,2829],{},[233,116987,116988,116990,116993],{},[236,116989,116750],{},[236,116991,116992],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[236,116994,116995],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116997,2931],{},[41,116999,117001],{"className":43,"code":117000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,117002,117003,117009,117013,117039,117057,117061,117079,117083,117095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117004,117005,117007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117006,35776],{"class":137},[50,117008,116561],{"class":56},[50,117010,117011],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117012,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117014,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117016,12790],{"class":56},[50,117018,61],{"class":60},[50,117020,56972],{"class":64},[50,117022,309],{"class":111},[50,117024,78],{"class":64},[50,117026,314],{"class":111},[50,117028,2191],{"class":64},[50,117030,65],{"class":64},[50,117032,437],{"class":111},[50,117034,78],{"class":64},[50,117036,3181],{"class":111},[50,117038,53920],{"class":64},[50,117040,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117042,15013],{"class":56},[50,117044,61],{"class":60},[50,117046,116601],{"class":56},[50,117048,838],{"class":64},[50,117050,116625],{"class":158},[50,117052,155],{"class":64},[50,117054,12837],{"class":158},[50,117056,186],{"class":64},[50,117058,117059],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117060,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117062,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117064,15032],{"class":56},[50,117066,4620],{"class":64},[50,117068,2842],{"class":111},[50,117070,14251],{"class":64},[50,117072,14254],{"class":158},[50,117074,155],{"class":64},[50,117076,57025],{"class":111},[50,117078,186],{"class":64},[50,117080,117081],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117082,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117084,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,117086,366],{"class":151},[50,117088,155],{"class":64},[50,117090,12837],{"class":158},[50,117092,4382],{"class":64},[50,117094,116842],{"class":4385},[50,117096,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,117098,366],{"class":151},[50,117100,155],{"class":64},[50,117102,15032],{"class":158},[50,117104,4382],{"class":64},[50,117106,116960],{"class":4385},[20,117108,117109,117110,117112,117113,838],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,117111,116968],{}," does not change ",[15,117114,57129],{},[36,117116,117118],{"id":117117},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,117120,117121],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,117123,117124],{},"Common reasons:",[233,117126,117127,117130,117133,117139],{},[236,117128,117129],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[236,117131,117132],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[236,117134,117135,117136,117138],{},"Assignment with ",[15,117137,61],{}," does not make a copy",[236,117140,117141],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,117143,117144,117145,117147],{},"For example, this does ",[4465,117146,5351],{}," create a copy:",[41,117149,117151],{"className":43,"code":117150,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117152,117153,117173,117181,117185,117199,117203,117215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117154,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117156,12790],{"class":56},[50,117158,61],{"class":60},[50,117160,65],{"class":64},[50,117162,309],{"class":111},[50,117164,78],{"class":64},[50,117166,314],{"class":111},[50,117168,78],{"class":64},[50,117170,319],{"class":111},[50,117172,98],{"class":64},[50,117174,117175,117177,117179],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117176,15013],{"class":56},[50,117178,61],{"class":60},[50,117180,12828],{"class":56},[50,117182,117183],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117184,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117188,15032],{"class":56},[50,117190,838],{"class":64},[50,117192,14254],{"class":158},[50,117194,155],{"class":64},[50,117196,1089],{"class":111},[50,117198,186],{"class":64},[50,117200,117201],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117202,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117204,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117206,366],{"class":151},[50,117208,155],{"class":64},[50,117210,12837],{"class":158},[50,117212,4382],{"class":64},[50,117214,56379],{"class":4385},[50,117216,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117218,366],{"class":151},[50,117220,155],{"class":64},[50,117222,15032],{"class":158},[50,117224,4382],{"class":64},[50,117226,117227],{"class":4385},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117229,117230],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[36,117232,117234],{"id":117233},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117236,117237],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1112,117239,117241],{"id":117240},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117243,117244],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[41,117246,117248],{"className":43,"code":117247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117249,117250,117276,117284,117288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117251,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117253,12790],{"class":56},[50,117255,61],{"class":60},[50,117257,56972],{"class":64},[50,117259,309],{"class":111},[50,117261,78],{"class":64},[50,117263,314],{"class":111},[50,117265,2191],{"class":64},[50,117267,65],{"class":64},[50,117269,437],{"class":111},[50,117271,78],{"class":64},[50,117273,3181],{"class":111},[50,117275,53920],{"class":64},[50,117277,117278,117280,117282],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117279,14804],{"class":56},[50,117281,61],{"class":60},[50,117283,12828],{"class":56},[50,117285,117286],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117287,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117289,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117291,366],{"class":151},[50,117293,155],{"class":64},[50,117295,12790],{"class":158},[50,117297,12898],{"class":137},[50,117299,14872],{"class":158},[50,117301,4382],{"class":64},[50,117303,4386],{"class":4385},[20,117305,117306],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1112,117308,117310],{"id":117309},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117312,117313],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[41,117315,117317],{"className":43,"code":117316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117318,117319,117345,117359,117363,117380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341,117343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117322,12790],{"class":56},[50,117324,61],{"class":60},[50,117326,56972],{"class":64},[50,117328,309],{"class":111},[50,117330,78],{"class":64},[50,117332,314],{"class":111},[50,117334,2191],{"class":64},[50,117336,65],{"class":64},[50,117338,437],{"class":111},[50,117340,78],{"class":64},[50,117342,3181],{"class":111},[50,117344,53920],{"class":64},[50,117346,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117348,116596],{"class":56},[50,117350,61],{"class":60},[50,117352,12865],{"class":56},[50,117354,838],{"class":64},[50,117356,13614],{"class":158},[50,117358,9354],{"class":64},[50,117360,117361],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117362,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117364,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117376,117378],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117366,366],{"class":151},[50,117368,155],{"class":64},[50,117370,12790],{"class":158},[50,117372,12898],{"class":137},[50,117374,117375],{"class":158}," shallow",[50,117377,4382],{"class":64},[50,117379,21899],{"class":4385},[50,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117383,366],{"class":151},[50,117385,155],{"class":64},[50,117387,12837],{"class":158},[50,117389,4620],{"class":64},[50,117391,2842],{"class":111},[50,117393,13976],{"class":64},[50,117395,8808],{"class":137},[50,117397,117375],{"class":158},[50,117399,4620],{"class":64},[50,117401,2842],{"class":111},[50,117403,21144],{"class":64},[50,117405,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,117407,117409],{"id":117408},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117411,117412],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[41,117414,117416],{"className":43,"code":117415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117417,117418,117424,117428,117454,117472,117476,117494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117419,117420,117422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117421,35776],{"class":137},[50,117423,116561],{"class":56},[50,117425,117426],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117427,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117429,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117431,12790],{"class":56},[50,117433,61],{"class":60},[50,117435,56972],{"class":64},[50,117437,309],{"class":111},[50,117439,78],{"class":64},[50,117441,314],{"class":111},[50,117443,2191],{"class":64},[50,117445,65],{"class":64},[50,117447,437],{"class":111},[50,117449,78],{"class":64},[50,117451,3181],{"class":111},[50,117453,53920],{"class":64},[50,117455,117456,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117457,116616],{"class":56},[50,117459,61],{"class":60},[50,117461,116601],{"class":56},[50,117463,838],{"class":64},[50,117465,116625],{"class":158},[50,117467,155],{"class":64},[50,117469,12837],{"class":158},[50,117471,186],{"class":64},[50,117473,117474],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117475,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117477,117478,117480,117482,117484,117486,117489,117491],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117479,366],{"class":151},[50,117481,155],{"class":64},[50,117483,12790],{"class":158},[50,117485,12898],{"class":137},[50,117487,117488],{"class":158}," deep",[50,117490,4382],{"class":64},[50,117492,117493],{"class":4385},"         # False\n",[50,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117497,366],{"class":151},[50,117499,155],{"class":64},[50,117501,12837],{"class":158},[50,117503,4620],{"class":64},[50,117505,2842],{"class":111},[50,117507,13976],{"class":64},[50,117509,8808],{"class":137},[50,117511,117488],{"class":158},[50,117513,4620],{"class":64},[50,117515,2842],{"class":111},[50,117517,21144],{"class":64},[50,117519,44549],{"class":4385},[36,117521,117523],{"id":117522},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117525,117526,117527,1408],{},"These all make ",[4465,117528,117529],{},"shallow copies",[233,117531,117532,117536,117540,117545,117551],{},[236,117533,117534],{},[15,117535,56279],{},[236,117537,117538],{},[15,117539,13139],{},[236,117541,117542],{},[15,117543,117544],{},"set.copy()",[236,117546,117547,117548],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117549,117550],{},"my_list[:]",[236,117552,117553,117555,117556,35766],{},[15,117554,116703],{}," from the ",[15,117557,13614],{},[20,117559,2848],{},[41,117561,117563],{"className":43,"code":117562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117564,117565,117585,117589,117603,117614,117618,117630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117568,302],{"class":56},[50,117570,61],{"class":60},[50,117572,65],{"class":64},[50,117574,309],{"class":111},[50,117576,78],{"class":64},[50,117578,314],{"class":111},[50,117580,78],{"class":64},[50,117582,319],{"class":111},[50,117584,98],{"class":64},[50,117586,117587],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117588,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117590,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117592,1942],{"class":56},[50,117594,61],{"class":60},[50,117596,4982],{"class":56},[50,117598,838],{"class":64},[50,117600,13614],{"class":158},[50,117602,9354],{"class":64},[50,117604,117605,117607,117609,117611],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117606,3304],{"class":56},[50,117608,61],{"class":60},[50,117610,4982],{"class":56},[50,117612,117613],{"class":64},"[:]\n",[50,117615,117616],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117617,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117619,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117621,366],{"class":151},[50,117623,155],{"class":64},[50,117625,335],{"class":158},[50,117627,4382],{"class":64},[50,117629,55610],{"class":4385},[50,117631,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117633,366],{"class":151},[50,117635,155],{"class":64},[50,117637,344],{"class":158},[50,117639,4382],{"class":64},[50,117641,55610],{"class":4385},[20,117643,73813,117644,48209,117648,838],{},[335,117645,117646,11442],{"href":55638},[15,117647,56279],{},[335,117649,117650,11442],{"href":13136},[15,117651,13139],{},[36,117653,117655],{"id":117654},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117657,117658],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[233,117660,117661,117664,117667],{},[236,117662,117663],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[236,117665,117666],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[236,117668,117669],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117671,117672],{},"Example with a flat list:",[41,117674,117676],{"className":43,"code":117675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117677,117678,117698,117712,117716,117730,117734,117746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117679,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117681,12790],{"class":56},[50,117683,61],{"class":60},[50,117685,65],{"class":64},[50,117687,309],{"class":111},[50,117689,78],{"class":64},[50,117691,314],{"class":111},[50,117693,78],{"class":64},[50,117695,319],{"class":111},[50,117697,98],{"class":64},[50,117699,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117701,15013],{"class":56},[50,117703,61],{"class":60},[50,117705,12865],{"class":56},[50,117707,838],{"class":64},[50,117709,13614],{"class":158},[50,117711,9354],{"class":64},[50,117713,117714],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117715,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117717,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117719,15032],{"class":56},[50,117721,838],{"class":64},[50,117723,14254],{"class":158},[50,117725,155],{"class":64},[50,117727,1089],{"class":111},[50,117729,186],{"class":64},[50,117731,117732],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117733,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117735,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117737,366],{"class":151},[50,117739,155],{"class":64},[50,117741,12837],{"class":158},[50,117743,4382],{"class":64},[50,117745,55610],{"class":4385},[50,117747,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117749,366],{"class":151},[50,117751,155],{"class":64},[50,117753,15032],{"class":158},[50,117755,4382],{"class":64},[50,117757,117227],{"class":4385},[20,117759,117760],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117762,117763,117764,838],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[335,117765,15590],{"href":57897},[36,117767,117769],{"id":117768},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117771,117772],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[233,117774,117775,117778,117781],{},[236,117776,117777],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[236,117779,117780],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[236,117782,117783],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117785,117786],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[41,117788,117790],{"className":43,"code":117789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117791,117792,117798,117802,117828,117842,117860,117864,117886,117890,117903,117916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117793,117794,117796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117795,35776],{"class":137},[50,117797,116561],{"class":56},[50,117799,117800],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117801,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117805,12790],{"class":56},[50,117807,61],{"class":60},[50,117809,11191],{"class":64},[50,117811,69],{"class":68},[50,117813,1074],{"class":72},[50,117815,69],{"class":68},[50,117817,1408],{"class":64},[50,117819,65],{"class":64},[50,117821,1868],{"class":111},[50,117823,78],{"class":64},[50,117825,1873],{"class":111},[50,117827,14407],{"class":64},[50,117829,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117831,116596],{"class":56},[50,117833,61],{"class":60},[50,117835,12865],{"class":56},[50,117837,838],{"class":64},[50,117839,13614],{"class":158},[50,117841,9354],{"class":64},[50,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117845,116616],{"class":56},[50,117847,61],{"class":60},[50,117849,116601],{"class":56},[50,117851,838],{"class":64},[50,117853,116625],{"class":158},[50,117855,155],{"class":64},[50,117857,12837],{"class":158},[50,117859,186],{"class":64},[50,117861,117862],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117863,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117865,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,117867,12837],{"class":56},[50,117869,4620],{"class":64},[50,117871,69],{"class":68},[50,117873,1074],{"class":72},[50,117875,69],{"class":68},[50,117877,14251],{"class":64},[50,117879,14254],{"class":158},[50,117881,155],{"class":64},[50,117883,37518],{"class":111},[50,117885,186],{"class":64},[50,117887,117888],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,117889,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117891,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,117893,366],{"class":151},[50,117895,155],{"class":64},[50,117897,12837],{"class":158},[50,117899,4382],{"class":64},[50,117901,117902],{"class":4385},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913],{"class":52,"line":7149},[50,117906,366],{"class":151},[50,117908,155],{"class":64},[50,117910,116679],{"class":158},[50,117912,4382],{"class":64},[50,117914,117915],{"class":4385},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":52,"line":12298},[50,117919,366],{"class":151},[50,117921,155],{"class":64},[50,117923,116693],{"class":158},[50,117925,4382],{"class":64},[50,117927,117928],{"class":4385},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117930,117931],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[36,117933,117935],{"id":117934},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117937,117938],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[233,117940,117941,117944,117947,117950],{},[236,117942,117943],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[236,117945,117946],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[236,117948,117949],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[236,117951,117952],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117954,117955],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[41,117957,117959],{"className":43,"code":117958,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117960,117961,117969,117977,117981,117989,117993,118005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117962,117963,117965,117967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117964,1942],{"class":56},[50,117966,61],{"class":60},[50,117968,3309],{"class":111},[50,117970,117971,117973,117975],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,117972,3304],{"class":56},[50,117974,61],{"class":60},[50,117976,36852],{"class":56},[50,117978,117979],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,117980,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117982,117983,117985,117987],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,117984,3304],{"class":56},[50,117986,61],{"class":60},[50,117988,15316],{"class":111},[50,117990,117991],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,117992,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,117994,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,117996,366],{"class":151},[50,117998,155],{"class":64},[50,118000,335],{"class":158},[50,118002,4382],{"class":64},[50,118004,27486],{"class":4385},[50,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,118008,366],{"class":151},[50,118010,155],{"class":64},[50,118012,344],{"class":158},[50,118014,4382],{"class":64},[50,118016,28306],{"class":4385},[20,118018,94176,118019,118022],{},[335,118020,118021],{"href":12769},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[36,118024,3553],{"id":3552},[20,118026,118027],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[233,118029,118030,118034,118039,118044,118047],{},[236,118031,2447,118032,57462],{},[15,118033,61],{},[236,118035,2447,118036,118038],{},[15,118037,56279],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[236,118040,2447,118041,118043],{},[15,118042,13139],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[236,118045,118046],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[236,118048,118049],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,118051,118052],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[41,118054,118056],{"className":43,"code":118055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,118057,118058,118072,118086,118108,118139],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118059,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118061,366],{"class":151},[50,118063,155],{"class":64},[50,118065,12790],{"class":158},[50,118067,12898],{"class":137},[50,118069,15086],{"class":158},[50,118071,186],{"class":64},[50,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118075,366],{"class":151},[50,118077,155],{"class":64},[50,118079,12790],{"class":158},[50,118081,1945],{"class":60},[50,118083,15086],{"class":158},[50,118085,186],{"class":64},[50,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,118089,366],{"class":151},[50,118091,155],{"class":64},[50,118093,1761],{"class":151},[50,118095,155],{"class":64},[50,118097,12837],{"class":158},[50,118099,416],{"class":64},[50,118101,15518],{"class":151},[50,118103,155],{"class":64},[50,118105,15032],{"class":158},[50,118107,1077],{"class":64},[50,118109,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,118111,366],{"class":151},[50,118113,155],{"class":64},[50,118115,1761],{"class":151},[50,118117,155],{"class":64},[50,118119,12837],{"class":158},[50,118121,4620],{"class":64},[50,118123,2842],{"class":111},[50,118125,118126],{"class":64},"]),",[50,118128,15518],{"class":151},[50,118130,155],{"class":64},[50,118132,15032],{"class":158},[50,118134,4620],{"class":64},[50,118136,2842],{"class":111},[50,118138,3721],{"class":64},[50,118140,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,118142,366],{"class":151},[50,118144,155],{"class":64},[50,118146,3945],{"class":371},[50,118148,155],{"class":64},[50,118150,12837],{"class":158},[50,118152,1077],{"class":64},[20,118154,118155],{},"What they tell you:",[233,118157,118158,118163,118168,118173,118183],{},[236,118159,118160,118162],{},[15,118161,12898],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[236,118164,118165,118167],{},[15,118166,1945],{}," checks whether values are equal",[236,118169,118170,118172],{},[15,118171,44165],{}," shows the identity of an object",[236,118174,118175,118176,827,118179,118182],{},"comparing ",[15,118177,118178],{},"id(original[0])",[15,118180,118181],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[236,118184,118185,118187],{},[15,118186,3026],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[36,118189,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,118191,118193],{"id":118192},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,118195,118196],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1112,118198,57947],{"id":57862},[20,118200,118201],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1112,118203,118205],{"id":118204},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,118207,118208],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1112,118210,118212],{"id":118211},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,118214,118215],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1112,118217,118219],{"id":118218},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118221,118222],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[36,118224,2610],{"id":2609},[233,118226,118227,118232,118238,118244,118248],{},[236,118228,118229],{},[335,118230,118231],{"href":12769},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[236,118233,118234],{},[335,118235,13,118236,11442],{"href":55638},[15,118237,56279],{},[236,118239,118240],{},[335,118241,13,118242,11442],{"href":13136},[15,118243,13139],{},[236,118245,118246],{},[335,118247,15667],{"href":57897},[236,118249,118250],{},[335,118251,118252],{"href":59172},"What is a list in Python?",[2640,118254,118255],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":118257},[118258,118259,118260,118261,118262,118263,118268,118269,118270,118271,118272,118273,118280],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":116713,"depth":101,"text":116714},{"id":116734,"depth":101,"text":116735},{"id":116977,"depth":101,"text":116978},{"id":117117,"depth":101,"text":117118},{"id":117233,"depth":101,"text":117234,"children":118264},[118265,118266,118267],{"id":117240,"depth":127,"text":117241},{"id":117309,"depth":127,"text":117310},{"id":117408,"depth":127,"text":117409},{"id":117522,"depth":101,"text":117523},{"id":117654,"depth":101,"text":117655},{"id":117768,"depth":101,"text":117769},{"id":117934,"depth":101,"text":117935},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":118274},[118275,118276,118277,118278,118279],{"id":118192,"depth":127,"text":118193},{"id":57862,"depth":127,"text":57947},{"id":118204,"depth":127,"text":118205},{"id":118211,"depth":127,"text":118212},{"id":118218,"depth":127,"text":118219},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116514,"description":118281},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118287,"title":118288,"body":118289,"description":120146,"extension":2687,"meta":120147,"navigation":130,"path":120148,"seo":120149,"stem":120150,"__hash__":120151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118290,"toc":120104},[118291,118296,118301,118309,118311,118379,118384,118389,118404,118407,118409,118440,118442,118462,118465,118480,118482,118485,118558,118560,118605,118607,118618,118623,118627,118632,118635,118674,118676,118696,118699,118756,118758,118793,118796,118835,118837,118857,118860,118891,118893,118949,118951,118956,119027,119029,119062,119067,119072,119137,119139,119176,119179,119256,119258,119318,119325,119330,119333,119336,119417,119419,119460,119465,119468,119546,119548,119581,119590,119597,119600,119611,119614,119625,119629,119637,119646,119650,119655,119659,119664,119707,119710,119716,119719,119721,119768,119773,119777,119780,119829,119831,119852,119855,119857,119882,119885,120006,120011,120013,120018,120021,120026,120029,120037,120042,120049,120052,120060,120063,120065,120101],[10,118292,13,118294,18],{"id":118293},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118295,75097],{},[20,118297,118298,118300],{},[15,118299,75097],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118302,118303,118304,2912,118306,118308],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118305,78540],{},[15,118307,75097],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[36,118310,4331],{"id":4330},[41,118312,118314],{"className":43,"code":118313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118315,118316,118336,118350,118354,118366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118319,302],{"class":56},[50,118321,61],{"class":60},[50,118323,65],{"class":64},[50,118325,437],{"class":111},[50,118327,78],{"class":64},[50,118329,6212],{"class":111},[50,118331,78],{"class":64},[50,118333,314],{"class":111},[50,118335,98],{"class":64},[50,118337,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118339,2954],{"class":56},[50,118341,61],{"class":60},[50,118343,75231],{"class":151},[50,118345,155],{"class":64},[50,118347,381],{"class":158},[50,118349,186],{"class":64},[50,118351,118352],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,118353,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,118355,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,118357,366],{"class":151},[50,118359,155],{"class":64},[50,118361,2989],{"class":158},[50,118363,4382],{"class":64},[50,118365,56366],{"class":4385},[50,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,118369,366],{"class":151},[50,118371,155],{"class":64},[50,118373,381],{"class":158},[50,118375,4382],{"class":64},[50,118377,118378],{"class":4385},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118380,118381,118383],{},[15,118382,75097],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[36,118385,228,118387,231],{"id":118386},"what-sorted-does",[15,118388,75097],{},[233,118390,118391,118395,118398,118401],{},[236,118392,118393,63605],{},[15,118394,75097],{},[236,118396,118397],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[236,118399,118400],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[236,118402,118403],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118405,118406],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[36,118408,256],{"id":255},[41,118410,118412],{"className":43,"code":118411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118413,118414],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118415,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118417,75187],{"class":151},[50,118419,155],{"class":64},[50,118421,4442],{"class":158},[50,118423,78],{"class":64},[50,118425,22278],{"class":9886},[50,118427,61],{"class":60},[50,118429,4501],{"class":1806},[50,118431,78],{"class":64},[50,118433,78743],{"class":9886},[50,118435,61],{"class":60},[50,118437,4396],{"class":1806},[50,118439,186],{"class":64},[1112,118441,18093],{"id":18092},[233,118443,118444,118449,118454],{},[236,118445,118446,118448],{},[15,118447,4442],{},": the values to sort",[236,118450,118451,118453],{},[15,118452,15543],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[236,118455,118456,118458,118459,118461],{},[15,118457,74250],{},": set to ",[15,118460,4326],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118463,118464],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[41,118466,118468],{"className":43,"code":118467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118469,118470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118471,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118473,75187],{"class":151},[50,118475,155],{"class":64},[50,118477,60986],{"class":158},[50,118479,186],{"class":64},[36,118481,12178],{"id":12177},[20,118483,118484],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[41,118486,118488],{"className":43,"code":118487,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118489,118490,118514,118518,118533,118537,118548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118491,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118493,302],{"class":56},[50,118495,61],{"class":60},[50,118497,65],{"class":64},[50,118499,2859],{"class":111},[50,118501,78],{"class":64},[50,118503,314],{"class":111},[50,118505,78],{"class":64},[50,118507,7073],{"class":111},[50,118509,78],{"class":64},[50,118511,6212],{"class":111},[50,118513,98],{"class":64},[50,118515,118516],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118517,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,118519,118520,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,118521,118522],{"class":56},"sorted_numbers ",[50,118524,61],{"class":60},[50,118526,75231],{"class":151},[50,118528,155],{"class":64},[50,118530,381],{"class":158},[50,118532,186],{"class":64},[50,118534,118535],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,118536,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,118538,118539,118541,118543,118546],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,118540,366],{"class":151},[50,118542,155],{"class":64},[50,118544,118545],{"class":158},"sorted_numbers",[50,118547,186],{"class":64},[50,118549,118550,118552,118554,118556],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,118551,366],{"class":151},[50,118553,155],{"class":64},[50,118555,381],{"class":158},[50,118557,186],{"class":64},[20,118559,189],{},[41,118561,118563],{"className":43,"code":118562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118564,118565,118585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118566,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118568,4620],{"class":64},[50,118570,309],{"class":111},[50,118572,78],{"class":64},[50,118574,314],{"class":111},[50,118576,78],{"class":64},[50,118578,5325],{"class":111},[50,118580,78],{"class":64},[50,118582,7073],{"class":111},[50,118584,98],{"class":64},[50,118586,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118588,4620],{"class":64},[50,118590,2859],{"class":111},[50,118592,78],{"class":64},[50,118594,314],{"class":111},[50,118596,78],{"class":64},[50,118598,7073],{"class":111},[50,118600,78],{"class":64},[50,118602,6212],{"class":111},[50,118604,98],{"class":64},[20,118606,14464],{},[233,118608,118609,118614],{},[236,118610,118611,118613],{},[15,118612,118545],{}," is a new sorted list",[236,118615,118616,113150],{},[15,118617,381],{},[20,118619,118620,118621,838],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[335,118622,79050],{"href":79049},[36,118624,118626],{"id":118625},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118628,118629,118631],{},[15,118630,75097],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1112,118633,118634],{"id":372},"List",[41,118636,118638],{"className":43,"code":118637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118639,118640,118660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118641,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118643,302],{"class":56},[50,118645,61],{"class":60},[50,118647,65],{"class":64},[50,118649,437],{"class":111},[50,118651,78],{"class":64},[50,118653,6212],{"class":111},[50,118655,78],{"class":64},[50,118657,314],{"class":111},[50,118659,98],{"class":64},[50,118661,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118663,366],{"class":151},[50,118665,155],{"class":64},[50,118667,75187],{"class":151},[50,118669,155],{"class":64},[50,118671,381],{"class":158},[50,118673,1077],{"class":64},[20,118675,189],{},[41,118677,118678],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118679,118680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118681,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118683,4620],{"class":64},[50,118685,309],{"class":111},[50,118687,78],{"class":64},[50,118689,314],{"class":111},[50,118691,78],{"class":64},[50,118693,319],{"class":111},[50,118695,98],{"class":64},[1112,118697,118698],{"id":49629},"Tuple",[41,118700,118702],{"className":43,"code":118701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118703,118704,118724,118738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118705,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118707,1321],{"class":56},[50,118709,61],{"class":60},[50,118711,419],{"class":64},[50,118713,437],{"class":111},[50,118715,78],{"class":64},[50,118717,6212],{"class":111},[50,118719,78],{"class":64},[50,118721,314],{"class":111},[50,118723,186],{"class":64},[50,118725,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118727,366],{"class":151},[50,118729,155],{"class":64},[50,118731,75187],{"class":151},[50,118733,155],{"class":64},[50,118735,6072],{"class":158},[50,118737,1077],{"class":64},[50,118739,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,118741,366],{"class":151},[50,118743,155],{"class":64},[50,118745,3945],{"class":371},[50,118747,155],{"class":64},[50,118749,75187],{"class":151},[50,118751,155],{"class":64},[50,118753,6072],{"class":158},[50,118755,389],{"class":64},[20,118757,189],{},[41,118759,118761],{"className":43,"code":118760,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118762,118763,118779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118764,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118766,4620],{"class":64},[50,118768,309],{"class":111},[50,118770,78],{"class":64},[50,118772,314],{"class":111},[50,118774,78],{"class":64},[50,118776,319],{"class":111},[50,118778,98],{"class":64},[50,118780,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118782,4014],{"class":60},[50,118784,4017],{"class":752},[50,118786,408],{"class":68},[50,118788,372],{"class":72},[50,118790,413],{"class":68},[50,118792,4026],{"class":60},[1112,118794,118795],{"id":7000},"Set",[41,118797,118799],{"className":43,"code":118798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118800,118801,118821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118802,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118804,1321],{"class":56},[50,118806,61],{"class":60},[50,118808,11191],{"class":64},[50,118810,437],{"class":111},[50,118812,78],{"class":64},[50,118814,6212],{"class":111},[50,118816,78],{"class":64},[50,118818,314],{"class":111},[50,118820,1445],{"class":64},[50,118822,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118824,366],{"class":151},[50,118826,155],{"class":64},[50,118828,75187],{"class":151},[50,118830,155],{"class":64},[50,118832,6072],{"class":158},[50,118834,1077],{"class":64},[20,118836,189],{},[41,118838,118839],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118840,118841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118842,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118844,4620],{"class":64},[50,118846,309],{"class":111},[50,118848,78],{"class":64},[50,118850,314],{"class":111},[50,118852,78],{"class":64},[50,118854,319],{"class":111},[50,118856,98],{"class":64},[1112,118858,118859],{"id":61853},"String",[41,118861,118863],{"className":43,"code":118862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118864,118865,118877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118866,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118868,35372],{"class":56},[50,118870,61],{"class":60},[50,118872,81],{"class":68},[50,118874,45],{"class":72},[50,118876,4082],{"class":68},[50,118878,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,118880,366],{"class":151},[50,118882,155],{"class":64},[50,118884,75187],{"class":151},[50,118886,155],{"class":64},[50,118888,35393],{"class":158},[50,118890,1077],{"class":64},[20,118892,189],{},[41,118894,118895],{"className":43,"code":80067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118896,118897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118898,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118900,4620],{"class":64},[50,118902,413],{"class":68},[50,118904,61117],{"class":72},[50,118906,413],{"class":68},[50,118908,78],{"class":64},[50,118910,408],{"class":68},[50,118912,76703],{"class":72},[50,118914,413],{"class":68},[50,118916,78],{"class":64},[50,118918,408],{"class":68},[50,118920,61152],{"class":72},[50,118922,413],{"class":68},[50,118924,78],{"class":64},[50,118926,408],{"class":68},[50,118928,20],{"class":72},[50,118930,413],{"class":68},[50,118932,78],{"class":64},[50,118934,408],{"class":68},[50,118936,63966],{"class":72},[50,118938,413],{"class":68},[50,118940,78],{"class":64},[50,118942,408],{"class":68},[50,118944,12449],{"class":72},[50,118946,413],{"class":68},[50,118948,98],{"class":64},[1112,118950,29912],{"id":16307},[20,118952,64219,118953,118955],{},[15,118954,75097],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[41,118957,118959],{"className":43,"code":118958,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118960,118961,119013],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118962,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118964,1356],{"class":56},[50,118966,61],{"class":60},[50,118968,11191],{"class":64},[50,118970,69],{"class":68},[50,118972,178],{"class":72},[50,118974,69],{"class":68},[50,118976,1408],{"class":64},[50,118978,81],{"class":68},[50,118980,73],{"class":72},[50,118982,69],{"class":68},[50,118984,78],{"class":64},[50,118986,81],{"class":68},[50,118988,1303],{"class":72},[50,118990,69],{"class":68},[50,118992,1408],{"class":64},[50,118994,1873],{"class":111},[50,118996,78],{"class":64},[50,118998,81],{"class":68},[50,119000,1312],{"class":72},[50,119002,69],{"class":68},[50,119004,1408],{"class":64},[50,119006,81],{"class":68},[50,119008,1343],{"class":72},[50,119010,69],{"class":68},[50,119012,1445],{"class":64},[50,119014,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119016,366],{"class":151},[50,119018,155],{"class":64},[50,119020,75187],{"class":151},[50,119022,155],{"class":64},[50,119024,1386],{"class":158},[50,119026,1077],{"class":64},[20,119028,189],{},[41,119030,119032],{"className":43,"code":119031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,119033,119034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119037,4620],{"class":64},[50,119039,413],{"class":68},[50,119041,1303],{"class":72},[50,119043,413],{"class":68},[50,119045,78],{"class":64},[50,119047,408],{"class":68},[50,119049,1312],{"class":72},[50,119051,413],{"class":68},[50,119053,78],{"class":64},[50,119055,408],{"class":68},[50,119057,178],{"class":72},[50,119059,413],{"class":68},[50,119061,98],{"class":64},[36,119063,2447,119065],{"id":119064},"using-reversetrue",[15,119066,78764],{},[20,119068,221,119069,119071],{},[15,119070,78764],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[41,119073,119075],{"className":43,"code":119074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,119076,119077,119097,119101,119115],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119078,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119080,302],{"class":56},[50,119082,61],{"class":60},[50,119084,65],{"class":64},[50,119086,437],{"class":111},[50,119088,78],{"class":64},[50,119090,6212],{"class":111},[50,119092,78],{"class":64},[50,119094,314],{"class":111},[50,119096,98],{"class":64},[50,119098,119099],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119100,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,119102,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119104,366],{"class":151},[50,119106,155],{"class":64},[50,119108,75187],{"class":151},[50,119110,155],{"class":64},[50,119112,381],{"class":158},[50,119114,1077],{"class":64},[50,119116,119117,119119,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119118,366],{"class":151},[50,119120,155],{"class":64},[50,119122,75187],{"class":151},[50,119124,155],{"class":64},[50,119126,381],{"class":158},[50,119128,78],{"class":64},[50,119130,78743],{"class":9886},[50,119132,61],{"class":60},[50,119134,4326],{"class":1806},[50,119136,1077],{"class":64},[20,119138,189],{},[41,119140,119142],{"className":43,"code":119141,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119143,119144,119160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119145,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119147,4620],{"class":64},[50,119149,309],{"class":111},[50,119151,78],{"class":64},[50,119153,314],{"class":111},[50,119155,78],{"class":64},[50,119157,319],{"class":111},[50,119159,98],{"class":64},[50,119161,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119163,4620],{"class":64},[50,119165,437],{"class":111},[50,119167,78],{"class":64},[50,119169,314],{"class":111},[50,119171,78],{"class":64},[50,119173,6212],{"class":111},[50,119175,98],{"class":64},[20,119177,119178],{},"This also works with strings:",[41,119180,119182],{"className":43,"code":119181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,119183,119184,119216,119220,119234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119185,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119187,4788],{"class":56},[50,119189,61],{"class":60},[50,119191,65],{"class":64},[50,119193,69],{"class":68},[50,119195,4797],{"class":72},[50,119197,69],{"class":68},[50,119199,78],{"class":64},[50,119201,81],{"class":68},[50,119203,4806],{"class":72},[50,119205,69],{"class":68},[50,119207,78],{"class":64},[50,119209,81],{"class":68},[50,119211,4815],{"class":72},[50,119213,69],{"class":68},[50,119215,98],{"class":64},[50,119217,119218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119219,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,119221,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119223,366],{"class":151},[50,119225,155],{"class":64},[50,119227,75187],{"class":151},[50,119229,155],{"class":64},[50,119231,4832],{"class":158},[50,119233,1077],{"class":64},[50,119235,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119237,366],{"class":151},[50,119239,155],{"class":64},[50,119241,75187],{"class":151},[50,119243,155],{"class":64},[50,119245,4832],{"class":158},[50,119247,78],{"class":64},[50,119249,78743],{"class":9886},[50,119251,61],{"class":60},[50,119253,4326],{"class":1806},[50,119255,1077],{"class":64},[20,119257,189],{},[41,119259,119260],{"className":43,"code":74831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119261,119262,119290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119263,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119265,4620],{"class":64},[50,119267,413],{"class":68},[50,119269,4797],{"class":72},[50,119271,413],{"class":68},[50,119273,78],{"class":64},[50,119275,408],{"class":68},[50,119277,4806],{"class":72},[50,119279,413],{"class":68},[50,119281,78],{"class":64},[50,119283,408],{"class":68},[50,119285,4815],{"class":72},[50,119287,413],{"class":68},[50,119289,98],{"class":64},[50,119291,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119293,4620],{"class":64},[50,119295,413],{"class":68},[50,119297,4815],{"class":72},[50,119299,413],{"class":68},[50,119301,78],{"class":64},[50,119303,408],{"class":68},[50,119305,4806],{"class":72},[50,119307,413],{"class":68},[50,119309,78],{"class":64},[50,119311,408],{"class":68},[50,119313,4797],{"class":72},[50,119315,413],{"class":68},[50,119317,98],{"class":64},[36,119319,2447,119321,119324],{"id":119320},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119322,119323],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119326,2704,119327,119329],{},[15,119328,119323],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119331,119332],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119334,119335],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[41,119337,119339],{"className":43,"code":119338,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119340,119341,119381,119385,119407],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119344,4788],{"class":56},[50,119346,61],{"class":60},[50,119348,65],{"class":64},[50,119350,69],{"class":68},[50,119352,79417],{"class":72},[50,119354,69],{"class":68},[50,119356,78],{"class":64},[50,119358,81],{"class":68},[50,119360,39035],{"class":72},[50,119362,69],{"class":68},[50,119364,78],{"class":64},[50,119366,81],{"class":68},[50,119368,4806],{"class":72},[50,119370,69],{"class":68},[50,119372,78],{"class":64},[50,119374,81],{"class":68},[50,119376,39018],{"class":72},[50,119378,69],{"class":68},[50,119380,98],{"class":64},[50,119382,119383],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119384,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,119386,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119388,2954],{"class":56},[50,119390,61],{"class":60},[50,119392,75231],{"class":151},[50,119394,155],{"class":64},[50,119396,4832],{"class":158},[50,119398,78],{"class":64},[50,119400,22278],{"class":9886},[50,119402,61],{"class":60},[50,119404,1060],{"class":151},[50,119406,186],{"class":64},[50,119408,119409,119411,119413,119415],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119410,366],{"class":151},[50,119412,155],{"class":64},[50,119414,2989],{"class":158},[50,119416,186],{"class":64},[20,119418,189],{},[41,119420,119422],{"className":43,"code":119421,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119423,119424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119425,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119427,4620],{"class":64},[50,119429,413],{"class":68},[50,119431,39035],{"class":72},[50,119433,413],{"class":68},[50,119435,78],{"class":64},[50,119437,408],{"class":68},[50,119439,79417],{"class":72},[50,119441,413],{"class":68},[50,119443,78],{"class":64},[50,119445,408],{"class":68},[50,119447,39018],{"class":72},[50,119449,413],{"class":68},[50,119451,78],{"class":64},[50,119453,408],{"class":68},[50,119455,4806],{"class":72},[50,119457,413],{"class":68},[50,119459,98],{"class":64},[20,119461,21469,119462,119464],{},[15,119463,1060],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119466,119467],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[41,119469,119471],{"className":43,"code":119470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119472,119473,119506,119510,119536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119474,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119502,119504],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119476,4788],{"class":56},[50,119478,61],{"class":60},[50,119480,65],{"class":64},[50,119482,69],{"class":68},[50,119484,84031],{"class":72},[50,119486,69],{"class":68},[50,119488,78],{"class":64},[50,119490,81],{"class":68},[50,119492,4797],{"class":72},[50,119494,69],{"class":68},[50,119496,78],{"class":64},[50,119498,81],{"class":68},[50,119500,119501],{"class":72},"Cherry",[50,119503,69],{"class":68},[50,119505,98],{"class":64},[50,119507,119508],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119509,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,119511,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119513,2954],{"class":56},[50,119515,61],{"class":60},[50,119517,75231],{"class":151},[50,119519,155],{"class":64},[50,119521,4832],{"class":158},[50,119523,78],{"class":64},[50,119525,22278],{"class":9886},[50,119527,61],{"class":60},[50,119529,4167],{"class":371},[50,119531,838],{"class":64},[50,119533,9351],{"class":25443},[50,119535,186],{"class":64},[50,119537,119538,119540,119542,119544],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119539,366],{"class":151},[50,119541,155],{"class":64},[50,119543,2989],{"class":158},[50,119545,186],{"class":64},[20,119547,189],{},[41,119549,119551],{"className":43,"code":119550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119552,119553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119554,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119556,4620],{"class":64},[50,119558,413],{"class":68},[50,119560,4797],{"class":72},[50,119562,413],{"class":68},[50,119564,78],{"class":64},[50,119566,408],{"class":68},[50,119568,84031],{"class":72},[50,119570,413],{"class":68},[50,119572,78],{"class":64},[50,119574,408],{"class":68},[50,119576,119501],{"class":72},[50,119578,413],{"class":68},[50,119580,98],{"class":64},[20,119582,119583,119584,36015,119586,838],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119585,43037],{},[335,119587,13,119588,2551],{"href":43034},[15,119589,43037],{},[36,119591,119593,11286,119595],{"id":119592},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119594,75097],{},[15,119596,78540],{},[20,119598,119599],{},"The main difference is this:",[233,119601,119602,119607],{},[236,119603,119604,119606],{},[15,119605,75097],{}," returns a new list",[236,119608,119609,74635],{},[15,119610,78540],{},[20,119612,119613],{},"Also:",[233,119615,119616,119621],{},[236,119617,119618,119620],{},[15,119619,75097],{}," works with many iterables",[236,119622,119623,79973],{},[15,119624,78540],{},[20,119626,221,119627,11302],{},[15,119628,75097],{},[233,119630,119631,119634],{},[236,119632,119633],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[236,119635,119636],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119638,119639,119640,838],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[335,119641,13,119642,11286,119644,6497],{"href":79798},[15,119643,75097],{},[15,119645,78540],{},[36,119647,119649],{"id":119648},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119651,119652,119653,838],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119654,75097],{},[1112,119656,119658],{"id":119657},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119660,119661,119662,1408],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119663,3727],{},[41,119665,119667],{"className":43,"code":119666,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119668,119669,119693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119670,119671,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119672,1321],{"class":56},[50,119674,61],{"class":60},[50,119676,65],{"class":64},[50,119678,309],{"class":111},[50,119680,78],{"class":64},[50,119682,81],{"class":68},[50,119684,422],{"class":72},[50,119686,69],{"class":68},[50,119688,78],{"class":64},[50,119690,319],{"class":111},[50,119692,98],{"class":64},[50,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119696,366],{"class":151},[50,119698,155],{"class":64},[50,119700,75187],{"class":151},[50,119702,155],{"class":64},[50,119704,6072],{"class":158},[50,119706,1077],{"class":64},[20,119708,119709],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1112,119711,119713,119714,3027],{"id":119712},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119715,15543],{},[20,119717,119718],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119720,2931],{},[41,119722,119724],{"className":43,"code":119723,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119725,119726,119746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119727,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119729,302],{"class":56},[50,119731,61],{"class":60},[50,119733,65],{"class":64},[50,119735,1868],{"class":111},[50,119737,78],{"class":64},[50,119739,314],{"class":111},[50,119741,78],{"class":64},[50,119743,1878],{"class":111},[50,119745,98],{"class":64},[50,119747,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119749,366],{"class":151},[50,119751,155],{"class":64},[50,119753,75187],{"class":151},[50,119755,155],{"class":64},[50,119757,381],{"class":158},[50,119759,78],{"class":64},[50,119761,22278],{"class":9886},[50,119763,61],{"class":60},[50,119765,1060],{"class":151},[50,119767,1077],{"class":64},[20,119769,49186,119770,119772],{},[15,119771,43037],{}," does not work on integers.",[1112,119774,119776],{"id":119775},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119778,119779],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,119781,119783],{"className":43,"code":119782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119784,119785,119805,119815,119819],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119786,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119788,302],{"class":56},[50,119790,61],{"class":60},[50,119792,65],{"class":64},[50,119794,437],{"class":111},[50,119796,78],{"class":64},[50,119798,6212],{"class":111},[50,119800,78],{"class":64},[50,119802,314],{"class":111},[50,119804,98],{"class":64},[50,119806,119807,119809,119811,119813],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119808,75187],{"class":151},[50,119810,155],{"class":64},[50,119812,381],{"class":158},[50,119814,186],{"class":64},[50,119816,119817],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119818,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,119820,119821,119823,119825,119827],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119822,366],{"class":151},[50,119824,155],{"class":64},[50,119826,381],{"class":158},[50,119828,186],{"class":64},[20,119830,189],{},[41,119832,119834],{"className":43,"code":119833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119835,119836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119837,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119839,4620],{"class":64},[50,119841,437],{"class":111},[50,119843,78],{"class":64},[50,119845,6212],{"class":111},[50,119847,78],{"class":64},[50,119849,314],{"class":111},[50,119851,98],{"class":64},[20,119853,119854],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[36,119856,3553],{"id":3552},[233,119858,119859,119863,119866,119871,119875],{},[236,119860,5299,119861,74635],{},[15,119862,75097],{},[236,119864,119865],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[236,119867,5424,119868,119870],{},[15,119869,75097],{}," always returns a list",[236,119872,2447,119873,23797],{},[15,119874,119323],{},[236,119876,30339,119877,119879,119880],{},[15,119878,64991],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119881,75097],{},[20,119883,119884],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[41,119886,119888],{"className":43,"code":119887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119889,119890,119912,119938,119976],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119893,366],{"class":151},[50,119895,155],{"class":64},[50,119897,75187],{"class":151},[50,119899,2182],{"class":64},[50,119901,437],{"class":111},[50,119903,78],{"class":64},[50,119905,6212],{"class":111},[50,119907,78],{"class":64},[50,119909,314],{"class":111},[50,119911,3721],{"class":64},[50,119913,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932,119934,119936],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,119915,366],{"class":151},[50,119917,155],{"class":64},[50,119919,3945],{"class":371},[50,119921,155],{"class":64},[50,119923,75187],{"class":151},[50,119925,6225],{"class":64},[50,119927,437],{"class":111},[50,119929,78],{"class":64},[50,119931,6212],{"class":111},[50,119933,78],{"class":64},[50,119935,314],{"class":111},[50,119937,94032],{"class":64},[50,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,119941,366],{"class":151},[50,119943,155],{"class":64},[50,119945,75187],{"class":151},[50,119947,2182],{"class":64},[50,119949,413],{"class":68},[50,119951,84031],{"class":72},[50,119953,413],{"class":68},[50,119955,78],{"class":64},[50,119957,408],{"class":68},[50,119959,4797],{"class":72},[50,119961,413],{"class":68},[50,119963,2191],{"class":64},[50,119965,22278],{"class":9886},[50,119967,61],{"class":60},[50,119969,4167],{"class":371},[50,119971,838],{"class":64},[50,119973,9351],{"class":25443},[50,119975,1077],{"class":64},[50,119977,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,119979,366],{"class":151},[50,119981,155],{"class":64},[50,119983,75187],{"class":151},[50,119985,2182],{"class":64},[50,119987,437],{"class":111},[50,119989,78],{"class":64},[50,119991,6212],{"class":111},[50,119993,78],{"class":64},[50,119995,314],{"class":111},[50,119997,2191],{"class":64},[50,119999,78743],{"class":9886},[50,120001,61],{"class":60},[50,120003,4326],{"class":1806},[50,120005,1077],{"class":64},[20,120007,120008,120009,838],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[335,120010,53449],{"href":51656},[36,120012,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,120014,2569,120016,57841],{"id":120015},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,120017,75097],{},[20,120019,120020],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1112,120022,2559,120024,13419],{"id":120023},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,120025,75097],{},[20,120027,120028],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1112,120030,120032,120033,11794,120035,2582],{"id":120031},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,120034,75097],{},[15,120036,78540],{},[20,120038,221,120039,120041],{},[15,120040,75097],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1112,120043,2559,120045,87118,120047,2582],{"id":120044},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,120046,119323],{},[15,120048,75097],{},[20,120050,120051],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1112,120053,5871,120055,120057,120058,2582],{"id":120054},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,120056,75097],{}," give a ",[15,120059,3727],{},[20,120061,120062],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[36,120064,2610],{"id":2609},[233,120066,120067,120071,120079,120083,120089,120095],{},[236,120068,120069],{},[335,120070,80546],{"href":79049},[236,120072,120073],{},[335,120074,13,120075,11286,120077,6497],{"href":79798},[15,120076,75097],{},[15,120078,78540],{},[236,120080,120081],{},[335,120082,53449],{"href":51656},[236,120084,120085],{},[335,120086,13,120087,2551],{"href":43034},[15,120088,43037],{},[236,120090,120091],{},[335,120092,13,120093,2551],{"href":2548},[15,120094,2453],{},[236,120096,120097],{},[335,120098,13,120099,2551],{"href":36872},[15,120100,36875],{},[2640,120102,120103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":120105},[120106,120107,120109,120112,120113,120120,120122,120124,120126,120132,120133,120145],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":118386,"depth":101,"text":120108},"What sorted() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":120110},[120111],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":118625,"depth":101,"text":118626,"children":120114},[120115,120116,120117,120118,120119],{"id":372,"depth":127,"text":118634},{"id":49629,"depth":127,"text":118698},{"id":7000,"depth":127,"text":118795},{"id":61853,"depth":127,"text":118859},{"id":16307,"depth":127,"text":29912},{"id":119064,"depth":101,"text":120121},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119320,"depth":101,"text":120123},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119592,"depth":101,"text":120125},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119648,"depth":101,"text":119649,"children":120127},[120128,120129,120131],{"id":119657,"depth":127,"text":119658},{"id":119712,"depth":127,"text":120130},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119775,"depth":127,"text":119776},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":120134},[120135,120137,120139,120141,120143],{"id":120015,"depth":127,"text":120136},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":120023,"depth":127,"text":120138},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":120031,"depth":127,"text":120140},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":120044,"depth":127,"text":120142},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":120054,"depth":127,"text":120144},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118288,"description":120146},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":120153,"title":120154,"body":120155,"description":122266,"extension":2687,"meta":122267,"navigation":130,"path":79798,"seo":122268,"stem":122269,"__hash__":122270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":120156,"toc":122213},[120157,120164,120167,120177,120183,120186,120204,120212,120214,120273,120281,120285,120307,120311,120315,120317,120334,120336,120348,120354,120438,120442,120489,120495,120502,120506,120511,120513,120525,120530,120583,120587,120607,120614,120621,120625,120628,120647,120651,120765,120769,120839,120841,120853,120858,120862,120875,120879,120954,120958,120997,121004,121010,121015,121019,121033,121037,121102,121106,121139,121142,121147,121155,121162,121175,121178,121182,121265,121269,121306,121310,121413,121417,121478,121483,121490,121494,121497,121503,121506,121573,121577,121601,121603,121621,121628,121681,121685,121705,121711,121713,121770,121777,121803,121808,121813,121821,121827,121887,121891,121938,121941,121943,121946,121972,121975,122068,122070,122090,122094,122097,122115,122121,122123,122131,122136,122143,122146,122152,122155,122161,122169,122177,122182,122184,122210],[10,120158,13,120160,11286,120162,93746],{"id":120159},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,120161,75097],{},[15,120163,78540],{},[20,120165,120166],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[233,120168,120169,120173],{},[236,120170,120171],{},[15,120172,75097],{},[236,120174,120175],{},[15,120176,78540],{},[20,120178,120179,120180,120182],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[4465,120181,5351],{}," behave the same way.",[20,120184,120185],{},"The main difference is simple:",[233,120187,120188,120196],{},[236,120189,221,120190,120192,120193],{},[15,120191,75097],{}," when you want a ",[4465,120194,120195],{},"new sorted result",[236,120197,221,120198,120200,120201],{},[15,120199,78540],{}," when you want to ",[4465,120202,120203],{},"change the original list",[20,120205,120206,120207,3121,120209,120211],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,120208,78540],{},[15,120210,4501],{}," and causes confusion.",[36,120213,4331],{"id":4330},[41,120215,120217],{"className":43,"code":120216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120218,120219,120239,120243,120260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120220,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120222,302],{"class":56},[50,120224,61],{"class":60},[50,120226,65],{"class":64},[50,120228,437],{"class":111},[50,120230,78],{"class":64},[50,120232,6212],{"class":111},[50,120234,78],{"class":64},[50,120236,314],{"class":111},[50,120238,98],{"class":64},[50,120240,120241],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120242,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120244,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120246,56568],{"class":56},[50,120248,61],{"class":60},[50,120250,75231],{"class":151},[50,120252,155],{"class":64},[50,120254,381],{"class":158},[50,120256,4382],{"class":64},[50,120258,120259],{"class":4385},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[50,120261,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,120263,381],{"class":56},[50,120265,838],{"class":64},[50,120267,35484],{"class":158},[50,120269,8079],{"class":64},[50,120271,120272],{"class":4385},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120274,221,120275,120277,120278,120280],{},[15,120276,75097],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120279,78540],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[36,120282,120284],{"id":120283},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[233,120286,120287,120292,120297,120304],{},[236,120288,221,120289,120291],{},[15,120290,75097],{}," to get a new sorted list",[236,120293,221,120294,120296],{},[15,120295,78540],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[236,120298,120299,120300,3121,120302],{},"Understand why ",[15,120301,78540],{},[15,120303,4501],{},[236,120305,120306],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[36,120308,228,120309,231],{"id":118386},[15,120310,75097],{},[20,120312,120313,63605],{},[15,120314,75097],{},[20,120316,49603],{},[233,120318,120319,120325,120331],{},[236,120320,120321,120322],{},"returns a ",[4465,120323,120324],{},"new list",[236,120326,120327,120328,120330],{},"does ",[4465,120329,5351],{}," change the original data",[236,120332,120333],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120335,51810],{},[233,120337,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346],{},[236,120339,6013],{},[236,120341,6016],{},[236,120343,6022],{},[236,120345,6019],{},[236,120347,36592],{},[1112,120349,35763,120351,120353],{"id":120350},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120352,75097],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[41,120355,120357],{"className":43,"code":120356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120358,120359,120379,120383,120397,120401,120419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120362,302],{"class":56},[50,120364,61],{"class":60},[50,120366,65],{"class":64},[50,120368,437],{"class":111},[50,120370,78],{"class":64},[50,120372,6212],{"class":111},[50,120374,78],{"class":64},[50,120376,314],{"class":111},[50,120378,98],{"class":64},[50,120380,120381],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120382,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120384,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120386,2954],{"class":56},[50,120388,61],{"class":60},[50,120390,75231],{"class":151},[50,120392,155],{"class":64},[50,120394,381],{"class":158},[50,120396,186],{"class":64},[50,120398,120399],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,120400,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120402,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,120404,366],{"class":151},[50,120406,155],{"class":64},[50,120408,69],{"class":68},[50,120410,12858],{"class":72},[50,120412,69],{"class":68},[50,120414,78],{"class":64},[50,120416,4982],{"class":158},[50,120418,186],{"class":64},[50,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427,120430,120432,120434,120436],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,120422,366],{"class":151},[50,120424,155],{"class":64},[50,120426,69],{"class":68},[50,120428,120429],{"class":72},"sorted result:",[50,120431,69],{"class":68},[50,120433,78],{"class":64},[50,120435,81886],{"class":158},[50,120437,186],{"class":64},[20,120439,120440],{},[4465,120441,189],{},[41,120443,120445],{"className":43,"code":120444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120446,120447,120467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120448,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120450,12837],{"class":56},[50,120452,1408],{"class":64},[50,120454,65],{"class":64},[50,120456,437],{"class":111},[50,120458,78],{"class":64},[50,120460,6212],{"class":111},[50,120462,78],{"class":64},[50,120464,314],{"class":111},[50,120466,98],{"class":64},[50,120468,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120470,75187],{"class":151},[50,120472,81886],{"class":56},[50,120474,1408],{"class":64},[50,120476,65],{"class":64},[50,120478,309],{"class":111},[50,120480,78],{"class":64},[50,120482,314],{"class":111},[50,120484,78],{"class":64},[50,120486,319],{"class":111},[50,120488,98],{"class":64},[20,120490,120491,120492,120494],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120493,381],{}," stays the same.",[20,120496,120497,120498,838],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[335,120499,13,120500,2551],{"href":75194},[15,120501,75097],{},[36,120503,228,120504,231],{"id":78606},[15,120505,78540],{},[20,120507,120508,120510],{},[15,120509,64991],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120512,49603],{},[233,120514,120515,120518,120521],{},[236,120516,120517],{},"changes the original list directly",[236,120519,120520],{},"only works on lists",[236,120522,4413,120523],{},[15,120524,4501],{},[1112,120526,35763,120528,74635],{"id":120527},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120529,78540],{},[41,120531,120533],{"className":43,"code":120532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120534,120535,120555,120559,120569,120573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120536,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120538,302],{"class":56},[50,120540,61],{"class":60},[50,120542,65],{"class":64},[50,120544,437],{"class":111},[50,120546,78],{"class":64},[50,120548,6212],{"class":111},[50,120550,78],{"class":64},[50,120552,314],{"class":111},[50,120554,98],{"class":64},[50,120556,120557],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120558,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120560,120561,120563,120565,120567],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120562,381],{"class":56},[50,120564,838],{"class":64},[50,120566,35484],{"class":158},[50,120568,9354],{"class":64},[50,120570,120571],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,120572,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120574,120575,120577,120579,120581],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,120576,366],{"class":151},[50,120578,155],{"class":64},[50,120580,381],{"class":158},[50,120582,186],{"class":64},[20,120584,120585],{},[4465,120586,189],{},[41,120588,120589],{"className":43,"code":55828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120590,120591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120592,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120594,4620],{"class":64},[50,120596,309],{"class":111},[50,120598,78],{"class":64},[50,120600,314],{"class":111},[50,120602,78],{"class":64},[50,120604,319],{"class":111},[50,120606,98],{"class":64},[20,120608,120609,120610,120613],{},"After calling ",[15,120611,120612],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120615,120616,120617,838],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[335,120618,13,120619,11442],{"href":75448},[15,120620,78540],{},[36,120622,120624],{"id":120623},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120626,120627],{},"Here is the core difference:",[233,120629,120630,120639],{},[236,120631,120632,120635,120636],{},[15,120633,120634],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[4465,120637,120638],{},"new sorted list",[236,120640,120641,120644,120645,75005],{},[15,120642,120643],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120646,9051],{},[1112,120648,120650],{"id":120649},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[41,120652,120654],{"className":43,"code":120653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120655,120656,120676,120680,120694,120713,120732,120736,120746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120657,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120659,302],{"class":56},[50,120661,61],{"class":60},[50,120663,65],{"class":64},[50,120665,2859],{"class":111},[50,120667,78],{"class":64},[50,120669,314],{"class":111},[50,120671,78],{"class":64},[50,120673,3181],{"class":111},[50,120675,98],{"class":64},[50,120677,120678],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120679,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120681,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120683,1942],{"class":56},[50,120685,61],{"class":60},[50,120687,75231],{"class":151},[50,120689,155],{"class":64},[50,120691,381],{"class":158},[50,120693,186],{"class":64},[50,120695,120696,120698,120700,120702,120705,120707,120709,120711],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,120697,366],{"class":151},[50,120699,155],{"class":64},[50,120701,69],{"class":68},[50,120703,120704],{"class":72},"numbers after sorted():",[50,120706,69],{"class":68},[50,120708,78],{"class":64},[50,120710,4982],{"class":158},[50,120712,186],{"class":64},[50,120714,120715,120717,120719,120721,120724,120726,120728,120730],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,120716,366],{"class":151},[50,120718,155],{"class":64},[50,120720,69],{"class":68},[50,120722,120723],{"class":72},"a:",[50,120725,69],{"class":68},[50,120727,78],{"class":64},[50,120729,1912],{"class":158},[50,120731,186],{"class":64},[50,120733,120734],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,120735,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120737,120738,120740,120742,120744],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,120739,381],{"class":56},[50,120741,838],{"class":64},[50,120743,35484],{"class":158},[50,120745,9354],{"class":64},[50,120747,120748,120750,120752,120754,120757,120759,120761,120763],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,120749,366],{"class":151},[50,120751,155],{"class":64},[50,120753,69],{"class":68},[50,120755,120756],{"class":72},"numbers after sort():",[50,120758,69],{"class":68},[50,120760,78],{"class":64},[50,120762,4982],{"class":158},[50,120764,186],{"class":64},[20,120766,120767],{},[4465,120768,189],{},[41,120770,120772],{"className":43,"code":120771,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120773,120774,120797,120817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120775,120776,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120777,120778],{"class":56},"numbers after ",[50,120780,75187],{"class":151},[50,120782,30273],{"class":64},[50,120784,65],{"class":64},[50,120786,2859],{"class":111},[50,120788,78],{"class":64},[50,120790,314],{"class":111},[50,120792,78],{"class":64},[50,120794,3181],{"class":111},[50,120796,98],{"class":64},[50,120798,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120800,335],{"class":56},[50,120802,1408],{"class":64},[50,120804,65],{"class":64},[50,120806,422],{"class":111},[50,120808,78],{"class":64},[50,120810,3181],{"class":111},[50,120812,78],{"class":64},[50,120814,5325],{"class":111},[50,120816,98],{"class":64},[50,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120820,120778],{"class":56},[50,120822,35484],{"class":158},[50,120824,30273],{"class":64},[50,120826,65],{"class":64},[50,120828,422],{"class":111},[50,120830,78],{"class":64},[50,120832,3181],{"class":111},[50,120834,78],{"class":64},[50,120836,5325],{"class":111},[50,120838,98],{"class":64},[20,120840,11414],{},[233,120842,120843,120848],{},[236,120844,120845,120847],{},[15,120846,75097],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[236,120849,120850,120852],{},[15,120851,64991],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120854,5681,120856],{"id":120855},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120857,75097],{},[20,120859,221,120860,11302],{},[15,120861,75097],{},[233,120863,120864,120867,120869,120872],{},[236,120865,120866],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[236,120868,119636],{},[236,120870,120871],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[236,120873,120874],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1112,120876,120878],{"id":120877},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[41,120880,120882],{"className":43,"code":120881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120883,120884,120908,120912,120926,120930,120940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120885,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120887,302],{"class":56},[50,120889,61],{"class":60},[50,120891,419],{"class":64},[50,120893,1089],{"class":111},[50,120895,78],{"class":64},[50,120897,6212],{"class":111},[50,120899,78],{"class":64},[50,120901,319],{"class":111},[50,120903,78],{"class":64},[50,120905,314],{"class":111},[50,120907,186],{"class":64},[50,120909,120910],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120911,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120913,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,120915,2954],{"class":56},[50,120917,61],{"class":60},[50,120919,75231],{"class":151},[50,120921,155],{"class":64},[50,120923,381],{"class":158},[50,120925,186],{"class":64},[50,120927,120928],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,120929,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,120931,120932,120934,120936,120938],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,120933,366],{"class":151},[50,120935,155],{"class":64},[50,120937,2989],{"class":158},[50,120939,186],{"class":64},[50,120941,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,120943,366],{"class":151},[50,120945,155],{"class":64},[50,120947,3945],{"class":371},[50,120949,155],{"class":64},[50,120951,2989],{"class":158},[50,120953,1077],{"class":64},[20,120955,120956],{},[4465,120957,189],{},[41,120959,120961],{"className":43,"code":120960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120962,120963,120983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120964,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120966,4620],{"class":64},[50,120968,309],{"class":111},[50,120970,78],{"class":64},[50,120972,314],{"class":111},[50,120974,78],{"class":64},[50,120976,319],{"class":111},[50,120978,78],{"class":64},[50,120980,3181],{"class":111},[50,120982,98],{"class":64},[50,120984,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,120986,4014],{"class":60},[50,120988,4017],{"class":752},[50,120990,408],{"class":68},[50,120992,372],{"class":72},[50,120994,413],{"class":68},[50,120996,4026],{"class":60},[20,120998,976,120999,121001,121002,838],{},[15,121000,75097],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[4465,121003,372],{},[20,121005,121006,121007,121009],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[335,121008,53449],{"href":51656}," is a helpful next step.",[36,121011,5681,121013],{"id":121012},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,121014,78540],{},[20,121016,221,121017,11302],{},[15,121018,78540],{},[233,121020,121021,121024,121027,121030],{},[236,121022,121023],{},"you already have a list",[236,121025,121026],{},"you want to update that list directly",[236,121028,121029],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[236,121031,121032],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1112,121034,121036],{"id":121035},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[41,121038,121040],{"className":43,"code":121039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,121041,121042,121074,121078,121088,121092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121043,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121045,57],{"class":56},[50,121047,61],{"class":60},[50,121049,65],{"class":64},[50,121051,69],{"class":68},[50,121053,5741],{"class":72},[50,121055,69],{"class":68},[50,121057,78],{"class":64},[50,121059,81],{"class":68},[50,121061,5723],{"class":72},[50,121063,69],{"class":68},[50,121065,78],{"class":64},[50,121067,81],{"class":68},[50,121069,5732],{"class":72},[50,121071,69],{"class":68},[50,121073,98],{"class":64},[50,121075,121076],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121077,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121079,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121081,159],{"class":56},[50,121083,838],{"class":64},[50,121085,35484],{"class":158},[50,121087,9354],{"class":64},[50,121089,121090],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121091,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121093,121094,121096,121098,121100],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121095,366],{"class":151},[50,121097,155],{"class":64},[50,121099,159],{"class":158},[50,121101,186],{"class":64},[20,121103,121104],{},[4465,121105,189],{},[41,121107,121109],{"className":43,"code":121108,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,121110,121111],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121112,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135,121137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121114,4620],{"class":64},[50,121116,413],{"class":68},[50,121118,5723],{"class":72},[50,121120,413],{"class":68},[50,121122,78],{"class":64},[50,121124,408],{"class":68},[50,121126,5732],{"class":72},[50,121128,413],{"class":68},[50,121130,78],{"class":64},[50,121132,408],{"class":68},[50,121134,5741],{"class":72},[50,121136,413],{"class":68},[50,121138,98],{"class":64},[20,121140,121141],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,121143,121144,121145,838],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[335,121146,80546],{"href":79049},[36,121148,121150,827,121152,121154],{"id":121149},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,121151,74250],{},[15,121153,15543],{}," work with both",[20,121156,11291,121157,827,121159,121161],{},[15,121158,75097],{},[15,121160,78540],{}," support:",[233,121163,121164,121169],{},[236,121165,121166,121168],{},[15,121167,78764],{}," for descending order",[236,121170,121171,121174],{},[15,121172,121173],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,121176,121177],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1112,121179,121181],{"id":121180},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[41,121183,121185],{"className":43,"code":121184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121186,121187,121207,121211,121233,121237,121255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121188,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121190,302],{"class":56},[50,121192,61],{"class":60},[50,121194,65],{"class":64},[50,121196,437],{"class":111},[50,121198,78],{"class":64},[50,121200,6212],{"class":111},[50,121202,78],{"class":64},[50,121204,314],{"class":111},[50,121206,98],{"class":64},[50,121208,121209],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121210,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121212,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121214,366],{"class":151},[50,121216,155],{"class":64},[50,121218,75187],{"class":151},[50,121220,155],{"class":64},[50,121222,381],{"class":158},[50,121224,78],{"class":64},[50,121226,78743],{"class":9886},[50,121228,61],{"class":60},[50,121230,4326],{"class":1806},[50,121232,1077],{"class":64},[50,121234,121235],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121236,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121238,121239,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121240,381],{"class":56},[50,121242,838],{"class":64},[50,121244,35484],{"class":158},[50,121246,155],{"class":64},[50,121248,74250],{"class":9886},[50,121250,61],{"class":60},[50,121252,4326],{"class":1806},[50,121254,186],{"class":64},[50,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,121258,366],{"class":151},[50,121260,155],{"class":64},[50,121262,381],{"class":158},[50,121264,186],{"class":64},[20,121266,121267],{},[4465,121268,189],{},[41,121270,121272],{"className":43,"code":121271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121273,121274,121290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121275,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121277,4620],{"class":64},[50,121279,437],{"class":111},[50,121281,78],{"class":64},[50,121283,314],{"class":111},[50,121285,78],{"class":64},[50,121287,6212],{"class":111},[50,121289,98],{"class":64},[50,121291,121292,121294,121296,121298,121300,121302,121304],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121293,4620],{"class":64},[50,121295,437],{"class":111},[50,121297,78],{"class":64},[50,121299,314],{"class":111},[50,121301,78],{"class":64},[50,121303,6212],{"class":111},[50,121305,98],{"class":64},[1112,121307,121309],{"id":121308},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[41,121311,121313],{"className":43,"code":121312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121314,121315,121347,121351,121377,121381,121403],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121318,4788],{"class":56},[50,121320,61],{"class":60},[50,121322,65],{"class":64},[50,121324,69],{"class":68},[50,121326,84031],{"class":72},[50,121328,69],{"class":68},[50,121330,78],{"class":64},[50,121332,81],{"class":68},[50,121334,4797],{"class":72},[50,121336,69],{"class":68},[50,121338,78],{"class":64},[50,121340,81],{"class":68},[50,121342,119501],{"class":72},[50,121344,69],{"class":68},[50,121346,98],{"class":64},[50,121348,121349],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121350,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121352,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373,121375],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121354,366],{"class":151},[50,121356,155],{"class":64},[50,121358,75187],{"class":151},[50,121360,155],{"class":64},[50,121362,4832],{"class":158},[50,121364,78],{"class":64},[50,121366,22278],{"class":9886},[50,121368,61],{"class":60},[50,121370,4167],{"class":371},[50,121372,838],{"class":64},[50,121374,9351],{"class":25443},[50,121376,1077],{"class":64},[50,121378,121379],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121380,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121382,121383,121385,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121384,4832],{"class":56},[50,121386,838],{"class":64},[50,121388,35484],{"class":158},[50,121390,155],{"class":64},[50,121392,15543],{"class":9886},[50,121394,61],{"class":60},[50,121396,4167],{"class":371},[50,121398,838],{"class":64},[50,121400,9351],{"class":25443},[50,121402,186],{"class":64},[50,121404,121405,121407,121409,121411],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,121406,366],{"class":151},[50,121408,155],{"class":64},[50,121410,4832],{"class":158},[50,121412,186],{"class":64},[20,121414,121415],{},[4465,121416,189],{},[41,121418,121420],{"className":43,"code":121419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121421,121422,121450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121423,121424,121426,121428,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121425,4620],{"class":64},[50,121427,413],{"class":68},[50,121429,4797],{"class":72},[50,121431,413],{"class":68},[50,121433,78],{"class":64},[50,121435,408],{"class":68},[50,121437,84031],{"class":72},[50,121439,413],{"class":68},[50,121441,78],{"class":64},[50,121443,408],{"class":68},[50,121445,119501],{"class":72},[50,121447,413],{"class":68},[50,121449,98],{"class":64},[50,121451,121452,121454,121456,121458,121460,121462,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121453,4620],{"class":64},[50,121455,413],{"class":68},[50,121457,4797],{"class":72},[50,121459,413],{"class":68},[50,121461,78],{"class":64},[50,121463,408],{"class":68},[50,121465,84031],{"class":72},[50,121467,413],{"class":68},[50,121469,78],{"class":64},[50,121471,408],{"class":68},[50,121473,119501],{"class":72},[50,121475,413],{"class":68},[50,121477,98],{"class":64},[20,121479,2447,121480,121482],{},[15,121481,79258],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121484,121485,121486,838],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[335,121487,121489],{"href":121488},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[36,121491,121493],{"id":121492},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121495,121496],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1112,121498,121500,121501,13302],{"id":121499},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121502,78540],{},[20,121504,121505],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[41,121507,121509],{"className":43,"code":121508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121510,121511,121531,121535,121549,121553,121563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121512,121513,121515,121517,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527,121529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121514,302],{"class":56},[50,121516,61],{"class":60},[50,121518,65],{"class":64},[50,121520,437],{"class":111},[50,121522,78],{"class":64},[50,121524,6212],{"class":111},[50,121526,78],{"class":64},[50,121528,314],{"class":111},[50,121530,98],{"class":64},[50,121532,121533],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121534,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121536,121537,121539,121541,121543,121545,121547],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121538,2954],{"class":56},[50,121540,61],{"class":60},[50,121542,4982],{"class":56},[50,121544,838],{"class":64},[50,121546,35484],{"class":158},[50,121548,9354],{"class":64},[50,121550,121551],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121552,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121554,121555,121557,121559,121561],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121556,366],{"class":151},[50,121558,155],{"class":64},[50,121560,2989],{"class":158},[50,121562,186],{"class":64},[50,121564,121565,121567,121569,121571],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,121566,366],{"class":151},[50,121568,155],{"class":64},[50,121570,381],{"class":158},[50,121572,186],{"class":64},[20,121574,121575],{},[4465,121576,189],{},[41,121578,121579],{"className":43,"code":79881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,121580,121581,121585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121582,121583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121584,12512],{"class":1806},[50,121586,121587,121589,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121588,4620],{"class":64},[50,121590,309],{"class":111},[50,121592,78],{"class":64},[50,121594,314],{"class":111},[50,121596,78],{"class":64},[50,121598,319],{"class":111},[50,121600,98],{"class":64},[20,121602,12604],{},[233,121604,121605,121610,121615],{},[236,121606,121607,121609],{},[15,121608,120612],{}," sorts the list in place",[236,121611,35700,121612,121614],{},[4465,121613,5351],{}," return the sorted list",[236,121616,90654,121617,42831,121619],{},[15,121618,2989],{},[15,121620,4501],{},[1112,121622,121624,121625,121627],{"id":121623},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121626,75097],{}," to change the original list",[41,121629,121631],{"className":43,"code":121630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121632,121633,121653,121657,121667,121671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121634,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643,121645,121647,121649,121651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121636,302],{"class":56},[50,121638,61],{"class":60},[50,121640,65],{"class":64},[50,121642,437],{"class":111},[50,121644,78],{"class":64},[50,121646,6212],{"class":111},[50,121648,78],{"class":64},[50,121650,314],{"class":111},[50,121652,98],{"class":64},[50,121654,121655],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121656,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121658,121659,121661,121663,121665],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121660,75187],{"class":151},[50,121662,155],{"class":64},[50,121664,381],{"class":158},[50,121666,186],{"class":64},[50,121668,121669],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121670,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121672,121673,121675,121677,121679],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121674,366],{"class":151},[50,121676,155],{"class":64},[50,121678,381],{"class":158},[50,121680,186],{"class":64},[20,121682,121683],{},[4465,121684,189],{},[41,121686,121687],{"className":43,"code":119833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,121688,121689],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121690,121691,121693,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121692,4620],{"class":64},[50,121694,437],{"class":111},[50,121696,78],{"class":64},[50,121698,6212],{"class":111},[50,121700,78],{"class":64},[50,121702,314],{"class":111},[50,121704,98],{"class":64},[20,121706,121707,121710],{},[15,121708,121709],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121712,11509],{},[41,121714,121716],{"className":43,"code":121715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121717,121718,121738,121742,121756,121760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730,121732,121734,121736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121721,302],{"class":56},[50,121723,61],{"class":60},[50,121725,65],{"class":64},[50,121727,437],{"class":111},[50,121729,78],{"class":64},[50,121731,6212],{"class":111},[50,121733,78],{"class":64},[50,121735,314],{"class":111},[50,121737,98],{"class":64},[50,121739,121740],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121741,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121743,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121745,56320],{"class":56},[50,121747,61],{"class":60},[50,121749,75231],{"class":151},[50,121751,155],{"class":64},[50,121753,381],{"class":158},[50,121755,186],{"class":64},[50,121757,121758],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121759,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121763,366],{"class":151},[50,121765,155],{"class":64},[50,121767,56339],{"class":158},[50,121769,186],{"class":64},[1112,121771,121773,121774,121776],{"id":121772},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121775,64991],{}," on a tuple or string",[41,121778,121779],{"className":43,"code":79983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,121780,121781,121793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121782,121783,121785,121787,121789,121791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121784,35372],{"class":56},[50,121786,61],{"class":60},[50,121788,81],{"class":68},[50,121790,45],{"class":72},[50,121792,4082],{"class":68},[50,121794,121795,121797,121799,121801],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121796,35393],{"class":56},[50,121798,838],{"class":64},[50,121800,35484],{"class":158},[50,121802,9354],{"class":64},[20,121804,121805,121806,34285],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121807,64991],{},[20,121809,121810,121812],{},[15,121811,64991],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121814,121815,121816,121818,121819,838],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121817,75097],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[335,121820,1612],{"href":1611},[1112,121822,121824,121825,119870],{"id":121823},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121826,75097],{},[41,121828,121830],{"className":43,"code":121829,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121831,121832,121845,121859,121863,121873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121835,35372],{"class":56},[50,121837,61],{"class":60},[50,121839,81],{"class":68},[50,121841,121842],{"class":72},"cab",[50,121844,4082],{"class":68},[50,121846,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121848,2954],{"class":56},[50,121850,61],{"class":60},[50,121852,75231],{"class":151},[50,121854,155],{"class":64},[50,121856,35393],{"class":158},[50,121858,186],{"class":64},[50,121860,121861],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,121862,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,121864,121865,121867,121869,121871],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,121866,366],{"class":151},[50,121868,155],{"class":64},[50,121870,2989],{"class":158},[50,121872,186],{"class":64},[50,121874,121875,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,121876,366],{"class":151},[50,121878,155],{"class":64},[50,121880,3945],{"class":371},[50,121882,155],{"class":64},[50,121884,2989],{"class":158},[50,121886,1077],{"class":64},[20,121888,121889],{},[4465,121890,189],{},[41,121892,121894],{"className":43,"code":121893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121895,121896,121924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121899,4620],{"class":64},[50,121901,413],{"class":68},[50,121903,335],{"class":72},[50,121905,413],{"class":68},[50,121907,78],{"class":64},[50,121909,408],{"class":68},[50,121911,344],{"class":72},[50,121913,413],{"class":68},[50,121915,78],{"class":64},[50,121917,408],{"class":68},[50,121919,353],{"class":72},[50,121921,413],{"class":68},[50,121923,98],{"class":64},[50,121925,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121927,4014],{"class":60},[50,121929,4017],{"class":752},[50,121931,408],{"class":68},[50,121933,372],{"class":72},[50,121935,413],{"class":68},[50,121937,4026],{"class":60},[20,121939,121940],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[36,121942,114391],{"id":114390},[20,121944,121945],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[233,121947,121948,121951,121956,121961,121967],{},[236,121949,121950],{},"confusing a function with a method",[236,121952,121953,121954,54322],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121955,64991],{},[236,121957,121958,121959,13302],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121960,78540],{},[236,121962,121963,121964,121966],{},"trying to use ",[15,121965,64991],{}," on non-list data types",[236,121968,51182,121969,121971],{},[15,121970,75097],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121973,121974],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,121976,121978],{"className":43,"code":121977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121979,121980,121990,122004,122029,122044,122054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121981,121982,121984,121986,121988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121983,366],{"class":151},[50,121985,155],{"class":64},[50,121987,9051],{"class":158},[50,121989,186],{"class":64},[50,121991,121992,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,121993,366],{"class":151},[50,121995,155],{"class":64},[50,121997,75187],{"class":151},[50,121999,155],{"class":64},[50,122001,9051],{"class":158},[50,122003,1077],{"class":64},[50,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016,122018,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122007,2954],{"class":56},[50,122009,61],{"class":60},[50,122011,9107],{"class":56},[50,122013,838],{"class":64},[50,122015,35484],{"class":158},[50,122017,8079],{"class":64},[50,122019,122020],{"class":56},"; ",[50,122022,366],{"class":151},[50,122024,155],{"class":64},[50,122026,2989],{"class":158},[50,122028,186],{"class":64},[50,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122042],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122032,366],{"class":151},[50,122034,155],{"class":64},[50,122036,3945],{"class":371},[50,122038,155],{"class":64},[50,122040,122041],{"class":158},"my_data",[50,122043,1077],{"class":64},[50,122045,122046,122048,122050,122052],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122047,32840],{"class":151},[50,122049,155],{"class":64},[50,122051,75187],{"class":151},[50,122053,186],{"class":64},[50,122055,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,122057,32840],{"class":151},[50,122059,155],{"class":64},[50,122061,372],{"class":371},[50,122063,838],{"class":64},[50,122065,35484],{"class":25443},[50,122067,186],{"class":64},[20,122069,85041],{},[233,122071,122072,122075,122079,122087],{},[236,122073,122074],{},"whether your original list changed",[236,122076,26710,122077,12409],{},[15,122078,75097],{},[236,122080,122081,122082,122084,122085],{},"whether ",[15,122083,64991],{}," returned ",[15,122086,4501],{},[236,122088,122089],{},"what type of object you are working with",[36,122091,122093],{"id":122092},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,122095,122096],{},"Use this rule:",[233,122098,122099,122107],{},[236,122100,122101,122102,122104,122105],{},"Need a ",[4465,122103,120195],{},": use ",[15,122106,75097],{},[236,122108,122109,122110,122104,122113],{},"Need to ",[4465,122111,122112],{},"change one list directly",[15,122114,78540],{},[20,122116,122117,122118,122120],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,122119,75097],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[36,122122,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,122124,122126,122127,3602,122129,2582],{"id":122125},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,122128,75097],{},[15,122130,78540],{},[20,122132,122133,122135],{},[15,122134,75097],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1112,122137,5871,122139,5874,122141,2582],{"id":122138},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,122140,78540],{},[15,122142,4501],{},[20,122144,122145],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1112,122147,5883,122149,122151],{"id":122148},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,122150,75097],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,122153,122154],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1112,122156,29019,122158,122160],{"id":122157},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,122159,64991],{}," on a string?",[20,122162,47041,122163,122165,122166,40606],{},[15,122164,64991],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,122167,122168],{},"sorted(string)",[1112,122170,12523,122172,827,122174,122176],{"id":122171},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,122173,75097],{},[15,122175,64991],{}," both support descending order?",[20,122178,122179,122180,838],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,122181,78764],{},[36,122183,2610],{"id":2609},[233,122185,122186,122192,122198,122202,122206],{},[236,122187,122188],{},[335,122189,13,122190,2551],{"href":75194},[15,122191,75097],{},[236,122193,122194],{},[335,122195,13,122196,11442],{"href":75448},[15,122197,78540],{},[236,122199,122200],{},[335,122201,80546],{"href":79049},[236,122203,122204],{},[335,122205,121489],{"href":121488},[236,122207,122208],{},[335,122209,53449],{"href":51656},[2640,122211,122212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":122214},[122215,122216,122217,122221,122225,122228,122232,122236,122241,122251,122252,122253,122265],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":120283,"depth":101,"text":120284},{"id":118386,"depth":101,"text":120108,"children":122218},[122219],{"id":120350,"depth":127,"text":122220},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78606,"depth":101,"text":80568,"children":122222},[122223],{"id":120527,"depth":127,"text":122224},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120623,"depth":101,"text":120624,"children":122226},[122227],{"id":120649,"depth":127,"text":120650},{"id":120855,"depth":101,"text":122229,"children":122230},"When to use sorted()",[122231],{"id":120877,"depth":127,"text":120878},{"id":121012,"depth":101,"text":122233,"children":122234},"When to use list.sort()",[122235],{"id":121035,"depth":127,"text":121036},{"id":121149,"depth":101,"text":122237,"children":122238},"reverse and key work with both",[122239,122240],{"id":121180,"depth":127,"text":121181},{"id":121308,"depth":127,"text":121309},{"id":121492,"depth":101,"text":121493,"children":122242},[122243,122245,122247,122249],{"id":121499,"depth":127,"text":122244},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121623,"depth":127,"text":122246},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121772,"depth":127,"text":122248},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121823,"depth":127,"text":122250},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114390,"depth":101,"text":114391},{"id":122092,"depth":101,"text":122093},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":122254},[122255,122257,122259,122261,122263],{"id":122125,"depth":127,"text":122256},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":122138,"depth":127,"text":122258},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":122148,"depth":127,"text":122260},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":122157,"depth":127,"text":122262},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":122171,"depth":127,"text":122264},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":120154,"description":122266},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122272,"title":42852,"body":122273,"description":124005,"extension":2687,"meta":124006,"navigation":130,"path":124007,"seo":124008,"stem":124009,"__hash__":124010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122274,"toc":123962},[122275,122280,122285,122291,122293,122348,122352,122375,122380,122385,122390,122392,122423,122426,122440,122442,122444,122459,122464,122468,122471,122522,122526,122540,122547,122551,122555,122610,122614,122637,122641,122697,122701,122724,122728,122783,122787,122810,122814,122881,122885,122920,122926,122931,122936,122938,122952,122954,123028,123032,123052,123057,123064,123067,123079,123081,123150,123154,123191,123194,123219,123226,123235,123238,123250,123256,123262,123264,123270,123275,123354,123358,123399,123403,123405,123432,123435,123458,123461,123467,123470,123507,123519,123526,123528,123579,123582,123614,123617,123619,123626,123628,123643,123645,123702,123706,123730,123732,123737,123753,123760,123764,123767,123850,123860,123862,123867,123870,123876,123879,123885,123888,123894,123897,123904,123912,123914,123959],[10,122276,13,122278,18],{"id":122277},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122279,48359],{},[20,122281,33004,122282,122284],{},[15,122283,48359],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122286,122287,122288,122290],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122289,48359],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[36,122292,39],{"id":38},[41,122294,122296],{"className":43,"code":122295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122297,122298,122306,122320,122324,122334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122299,122300,122302,122304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122301,22327],{"class":56},[50,122303,61],{"class":60},[50,122305,45902],{"class":111},[50,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122309,35372],{"class":56},[50,122311,61],{"class":60},[50,122313,49580],{"class":371},[50,122315,155],{"class":64},[50,122317,1303],{"class":158},[50,122319,186],{"class":64},[50,122321,122322],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122323,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122325,122326,122328,122330,122332],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122327,366],{"class":151},[50,122329,155],{"class":64},[50,122331,35393],{"class":158},[50,122333,186],{"class":64},[50,122335,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122337,366],{"class":151},[50,122339,155],{"class":64},[50,122341,3945],{"class":371},[50,122343,155],{"class":64},[50,122345,35393],{"class":158},[50,122347,1077],{"class":64},[20,122349,122350],{},[4465,122351,189],{},[41,122353,122355],{"className":43,"code":122354,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122356,122357,122361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122358,122359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122360,3431],{"class":111},[50,122362,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371,122373],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122364,4014],{"class":60},[50,122366,4017],{"class":752},[50,122368,408],{"class":68},[50,122370,4167],{"class":72},[50,122372,413],{"class":68},[50,122374,4026],{"class":60},[20,122376,221,122377,122379],{},[15,122378,48359],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[36,122381,228,122383,231],{"id":122382},"what-str-does",[15,122384,48359],{},[20,122386,122387,122389],{},[15,122388,48359],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122391,2829],{},[233,122393,122394,122401,122408,122415],{},[236,122395,122396,122397,42831,122399],{},"An integer like ",[15,122398,1868],{},[15,122400,42802],{},[236,122402,122403,122404,42831,122406],{},"A float like ",[15,122405,40820],{},[15,122407,48770],{},[236,122409,122410,122411,42831,122413],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122412,4326],{},[15,122414,7354],{},[236,122416,122417,122418,42831,122420],{},"A list like ",[15,122419,75919],{},[15,122421,122422],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122424,122425],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[233,122427,122428,122431,122434,122437],{},[236,122429,122430],{},"print it",[236,122432,122433],{},"combine it with other strings",[236,122435,122436],{},"save it to a file",[236,122438,122439],{},"use it in messages",[36,122441,256],{"id":255},[20,122443,259],{},[41,122445,122447],{"className":43,"code":122446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"str(object)\n",[15,122448,122449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122450,122451,122453,122455,122457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122452,4167],{"class":371},[50,122454,155],{"class":64},[50,122456,43075],{"class":371},[50,122458,186],{"class":64},[20,122460,21469,122461,122463],{},[15,122462,43075],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122465,122466,8937],{},[15,122467,48359],{},[20,122469,122470],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[41,122472,122474],{"className":43,"code":122473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122475,122476,122485,122508,122512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122477,122478,122480,122482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122479,5813],{"class":56},[50,122481,61],{"class":60},[50,122483,122484],{"class":111}," 100\n",[50,122486,122487,122489,122491,122493,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122488,90674],{"class":56},[50,122490,61],{"class":60},[50,122492,81],{"class":68},[50,122494,122495],{"class":72},"Your score is ",[50,122497,69],{"class":68},[50,122499,3178],{"class":60},[50,122501,49580],{"class":371},[50,122503,155],{"class":64},[50,122505,771],{"class":158},[50,122507,186],{"class":64},[50,122509,122510],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122511,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122513,122514,122516,122518,122520],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122515,366],{"class":151},[50,122517,155],{"class":64},[50,122519,90691],{"class":158},[50,122521,186],{"class":64},[20,122523,122524],{},[4465,122525,189],{},[41,122527,122529],{"className":43,"code":122528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122530,122531],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122532,122533,122536,122538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122534,122535],{"class":56},"Your score ",[50,122537,12898],{"class":60},[50,122539,122484],{"class":111},[20,122541,3020,122542,122546],{},[335,122543,122544,3027],{"href":3023},[15,122545,3026],{}," can help you check.",[36,122548,122550],{"id":122549},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1112,122552,122554],{"id":122553},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[41,122556,122558],{"className":43,"code":122557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122559,122560,122568,122582,122586,122596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122561,122562,122564,122566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122563,2941],{"class":56},[50,122565,61],{"class":60},[50,122567,3309],{"class":111},[50,122569,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122571,35372],{"class":56},[50,122573,61],{"class":60},[50,122575,49580],{"class":371},[50,122577,155],{"class":64},[50,122579,2964],{"class":158},[50,122581,186],{"class":64},[50,122583,122584],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122585,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122589,366],{"class":151},[50,122591,155],{"class":64},[50,122593,35393],{"class":158},[50,122595,186],{"class":64},[50,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122599,366],{"class":151},[50,122601,155],{"class":64},[50,122603,3945],{"class":371},[50,122605,155],{"class":64},[50,122607,35393],{"class":158},[50,122609,1077],{"class":64},[20,122611,122612],{},[4465,122613,189],{},[41,122615,122617],{"className":43,"code":122616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122618,122619,122623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122620,122621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122622,3100],{"class":111},[50,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122626,4014],{"class":60},[50,122628,4017],{"class":752},[50,122630,408],{"class":68},[50,122632,4167],{"class":72},[50,122634,413],{"class":68},[50,122636,4026],{"class":60},[1112,122638,122640],{"id":122639},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[41,122642,122644],{"className":43,"code":122643,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122645,122646,122655,122669,122673,122683],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122647,122648,122650,122652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122649,41064],{"class":56},[50,122651,61],{"class":60},[50,122653,122654],{"class":111}," 3.14\n",[50,122656,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122658,35372],{"class":56},[50,122660,61],{"class":60},[50,122662,49580],{"class":371},[50,122664,155],{"class":64},[50,122666,2097],{"class":158},[50,122668,186],{"class":64},[50,122670,122671],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122672,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122674,122675,122677,122679,122681],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122676,366],{"class":151},[50,122678,155],{"class":64},[50,122680,35393],{"class":158},[50,122682,186],{"class":64},[50,122684,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122686,366],{"class":151},[50,122688,155],{"class":64},[50,122690,3945],{"class":371},[50,122692,155],{"class":64},[50,122694,35393],{"class":158},[50,122696,1077],{"class":64},[20,122698,122699],{},[4465,122700,189],{},[41,122702,122704],{"className":43,"code":122703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122705,122706,122710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122707,122708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122709,40854],{"class":111},[50,122711,122712,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122713,4014],{"class":60},[50,122715,4017],{"class":752},[50,122717,408],{"class":68},[50,122719,4167],{"class":72},[50,122721,413],{"class":68},[50,122723,4026],{"class":60},[1112,122725,122727],{"id":122726},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[41,122729,122731],{"className":43,"code":122730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122732,122733,122741,122755,122759,122769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122734,122735,122737,122739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122736,3171],{"class":56},[50,122738,61],{"class":60},[50,122740,7135],{"class":1806},[50,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122744,35372],{"class":56},[50,122746,61],{"class":60},[50,122748,49580],{"class":371},[50,122750,155],{"class":64},[50,122752,3197],{"class":158},[50,122754,186],{"class":64},[50,122756,122757],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122758,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122760,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122762,366],{"class":151},[50,122764,155],{"class":64},[50,122766,35393],{"class":158},[50,122768,186],{"class":64},[50,122770,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122772,366],{"class":151},[50,122774,155],{"class":64},[50,122776,3945],{"class":371},[50,122778,155],{"class":64},[50,122780,35393],{"class":158},[50,122782,1077],{"class":64},[20,122784,122785],{},[4465,122786,189],{},[41,122788,122790],{"className":43,"code":122789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122791,122792,122796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122793,122794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122795,1962],{"class":1806},[50,122797,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122799,4014],{"class":60},[50,122801,4017],{"class":752},[50,122803,408],{"class":68},[50,122805,4167],{"class":72},[50,122807,413],{"class":68},[50,122809,4026],{"class":60},[1112,122811,122813],{"id":122812},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[41,122815,122817],{"className":43,"code":122816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122818,122819,122839,122853,122857,122867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122820,122821,122823,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122822,8493],{"class":56},[50,122824,61],{"class":60},[50,122826,65],{"class":64},[50,122828,309],{"class":111},[50,122830,78],{"class":64},[50,122832,314],{"class":111},[50,122834,78],{"class":64},[50,122836,319],{"class":111},[50,122838,98],{"class":64},[50,122840,122841,122843,122845,122847,122849,122851],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122842,35372],{"class":56},[50,122844,61],{"class":60},[50,122846,49580],{"class":371},[50,122848,155],{"class":64},[50,122850,8522],{"class":158},[50,122852,186],{"class":64},[50,122854,122855],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122856,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122858,122859,122861,122863,122865],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122860,366],{"class":151},[50,122862,155],{"class":64},[50,122864,35393],{"class":158},[50,122866,186],{"class":64},[50,122868,122869,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,122870,366],{"class":151},[50,122872,155],{"class":64},[50,122874,3945],{"class":371},[50,122876,155],{"class":64},[50,122878,35393],{"class":158},[50,122880,1077],{"class":64},[20,122882,122883],{},[4465,122884,189],{},[41,122886,122888],{"className":43,"code":122887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122889,122890,122906],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122891,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122893,4620],{"class":64},[50,122895,309],{"class":111},[50,122897,78],{"class":64},[50,122899,314],{"class":111},[50,122901,78],{"class":64},[50,122903,319],{"class":111},[50,122905,98],{"class":64},[50,122907,122908,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122909,4014],{"class":60},[50,122911,4017],{"class":752},[50,122913,408],{"class":68},[50,122915,4167],{"class":72},[50,122917,413],{"class":68},[50,122919,4026],{"class":60},[20,122921,122922,122923,122925],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[4465,122924,5351],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[36,122927,5681,122929],{"id":122928},"when-to-use-str",[15,122930,48359],{},[20,122932,221,122933,122935],{},[15,122934,48359],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122937,37103],{},[233,122939,122940,122943,122946,122949],{},[236,122941,122942],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[236,122944,122945],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[236,122947,122948],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[236,122950,122951],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122953,2931],{},[41,122955,122957],{"className":43,"code":122956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122958,122959,122971,122979,122983,123018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122960,122961,122963,122965,122967,122969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122962,8589],{"class":56},[50,122964,61],{"class":60},[50,122966,81],{"class":68},[50,122968,12212],{"class":72},[50,122970,4082],{"class":68},[50,122972,122973,122975,122977],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,122974,22327],{"class":56},[50,122976,61],{"class":60},[50,122978,45902],{"class":111},[50,122980,122981],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,122982,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,122984,122985,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123016],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,122986,90674],{"class":56},[50,122988,61],{"class":60},[50,122990,2516],{"class":56},[50,122992,2783],{"class":60},[50,122994,81],{"class":68},[50,122996,5503],{"class":72},[50,122998,69],{"class":68},[50,123000,3178],{"class":60},[50,123002,49580],{"class":371},[50,123004,155],{"class":64},[50,123006,1303],{"class":158},[50,123008,4382],{"class":64},[50,123010,3178],{"class":60},[50,123012,81],{"class":68},[50,123014,123015],{"class":72}," years old.",[50,123017,4082],{"class":68},[50,123019,123020,123022,123024,123026],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,123021,366],{"class":151},[50,123023,155],{"class":64},[50,123025,90691],{"class":158},[50,123027,186],{"class":64},[20,123029,123030],{},[4465,123031,189],{},[41,123033,123035],{"className":43,"code":123034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,123036,123037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123038,123039,123042,123044,123046,123049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123040,123041],{"class":56},"Maya ",[50,123043,12898],{"class":60},[50,123045,1336],{"class":111},[50,123047,123048],{"class":56}," years old",[50,123050,123051],{"class":64},".\n",[20,123053,123054,123055,838],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[335,123056,90360],{"href":90359},[36,123058,123060,11286,123062],{"id":123059},"str-vs-print",[15,123061,48359],{},[15,123063,47128],{},[20,123065,123066],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[233,123068,123069,123074],{},[236,123070,123071,123073],{},[15,123072,48359],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[236,123075,123076,123078],{},[15,123077,47128],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,123080,2931],{},[41,123082,123084],{"className":43,"code":123083,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,123085,123086,123094,123098,123112,123122,123136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123087,123088,123090,123092],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123089,3171],{"class":56},[50,123091,61],{"class":60},[50,123093,3491],{"class":111},[50,123095,123096],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123097,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123099,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123101,35372],{"class":56},[50,123103,61],{"class":60},[50,123105,49580],{"class":371},[50,123107,155],{"class":64},[50,123109,3197],{"class":158},[50,123111,186],{"class":64},[50,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123115,366],{"class":151},[50,123117,155],{"class":64},[50,123119,35393],{"class":158},[50,123121,186],{"class":64},[50,123123,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,123125,366],{"class":151},[50,123127,155],{"class":64},[50,123129,3945],{"class":371},[50,123131,155],{"class":64},[50,123133,35393],{"class":158},[50,123135,1077],{"class":64},[50,123137,123138,123140,123142,123144,123146,123148],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,123139,366],{"class":151},[50,123141,155],{"class":64},[50,123143,3945],{"class":371},[50,123145,155],{"class":64},[50,123147,3197],{"class":158},[50,123149,1077],{"class":64},[20,123151,123152],{},[4465,123153,189],{},[41,123155,123157],{"className":43,"code":123156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,123158,123159,123163,123177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123160,123161],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123162,47287],{"class":111},[50,123164,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173,123175],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123166,4014],{"class":60},[50,123168,4017],{"class":752},[50,123170,408],{"class":68},[50,123172,4167],{"class":72},[50,123174,413],{"class":68},[50,123176,4026],{"class":60},[50,123178,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123180,4014],{"class":60},[50,123182,4017],{"class":752},[50,123184,408],{"class":68},[50,123186,2911],{"class":72},[50,123188,413],{"class":68},[50,123190,4026],{"class":60},[20,123192,123193],{},"Notice:",[233,123195,123196,123202,123207],{},[236,123197,123198,123201],{},[15,123199,123200],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[236,123203,123204,123206],{},[15,123205,47128],{}," only displayed values",[236,123208,123209,123211,123212,123214,123215,61980,123217],{},[15,123210,47128],{}," did not change ",[15,123213,3197],{}," from ",[15,123216,2911],{},[15,123218,4167],{},[20,123220,123221,123222,838],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[335,123223,123224,3027],{"href":47125},[15,123225,47128],{},[36,123227,123229,11286,123231,123234],{"id":123228},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123230,48359],{},[15,123232,123233],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123236,123237],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[233,123239,123240,123245],{},[236,123241,123242,123244],{},[15,123243,48359],{}," is the more readable text version",[236,123246,123247,123249],{},[15,123248,123233],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123251,123252,123253,123255],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123254,48359],{}," much more often.",[20,123257,123258,123259,123261],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123260,48359],{}," is usually the right choice.",[36,123263,5238],{"id":5237},[1112,123265,26465,123267,123269],{"id":123266},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123268,48359],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123271,123272,123274],{},[15,123273,48359],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[41,123276,123278],{"className":43,"code":123277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123279,123280,123288,123302,123306,123316,123330,123340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123281,123282,123284,123286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123283,22327],{"class":56},[50,123285,61],{"class":60},[50,123287,45902],{"class":111},[50,123289,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123291,35372],{"class":56},[50,123293,61],{"class":60},[50,123295,49580],{"class":371},[50,123297,155],{"class":64},[50,123299,1303],{"class":158},[50,123301,186],{"class":64},[50,123303,123304],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123305,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123307,123308,123310,123312,123314],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123309,366],{"class":151},[50,123311,155],{"class":64},[50,123313,1303],{"class":158},[50,123315,186],{"class":64},[50,123317,123318,123320,123322,123324,123326,123328],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,123319,366],{"class":151},[50,123321,155],{"class":64},[50,123323,3945],{"class":371},[50,123325,155],{"class":64},[50,123327,1303],{"class":158},[50,123329,1077],{"class":64},[50,123331,123332,123334,123336,123338],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,123333,366],{"class":151},[50,123335,155],{"class":64},[50,123337,35393],{"class":158},[50,123339,186],{"class":64},[50,123341,123342,123344,123346,123348,123350,123352],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,123343,366],{"class":151},[50,123345,155],{"class":64},[50,123347,3945],{"class":371},[50,123349,155],{"class":64},[50,123351,35393],{"class":158},[50,123353,1077],{"class":64},[20,123355,123356],{},[4465,123357,189],{},[41,123359,123361],{"className":43,"code":123360,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123362,123363,123367,123381,123385],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123364,123365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123366,3431],{"class":111},[50,123368,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123370,4014],{"class":60},[50,123372,4017],{"class":752},[50,123374,408],{"class":68},[50,123376,2911],{"class":72},[50,123378,413],{"class":68},[50,123380,4026],{"class":60},[50,123382,123383],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123384,3431],{"class":111},[50,123386,123387,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123388,4014],{"class":60},[50,123390,4017],{"class":752},[50,123392,408],{"class":68},[50,123394,4167],{"class":72},[50,123396,413],{"class":68},[50,123398,4026],{"class":60},[1112,123400,123402],{"id":123401},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123404,7401],{},[41,123406,123408],{"className":43,"code":123407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123409,123410,123418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123411,123412,123414,123416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123413,22327],{"class":56},[50,123415,61],{"class":60},[50,123417,45902],{"class":111},[50,123419,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123421,35372],{"class":56},[50,123423,61],{"class":60},[50,123425,49580],{"class":371},[50,123427,155],{"class":64},[50,123429,1303],{"class":158},[50,123431,186],{"class":64},[20,123433,123434],{},"But if you only do this:",[41,123436,123438],{"className":43,"code":123437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123439,123440,123448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123441,123442,123444,123446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123443,22327],{"class":56},[50,123445,61],{"class":60},[50,123447,45902],{"class":111},[50,123449,123450,123452,123454,123456],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123451,4167],{"class":371},[50,123453,155],{"class":64},[50,123455,1303],{"class":158},[50,123457,186],{"class":64},[20,123459,123460],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1112,123462,2447,123464,123466],{"id":123463},"using-str-too-early",[15,123465,48359],{}," too early",[20,123468,123469],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[41,123471,123473],{"className":43,"code":123472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123474,123475,123483,123498,123502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123476,123477,123479,123481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123478,41064],{"class":56},[50,123480,61],{"class":60},[50,123482,3309],{"class":111},[50,123484,123485,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123486,123487],{"class":56},"text_price ",[50,123489,61],{"class":60},[50,123491,49580],{"class":371},[50,123493,155],{"class":64},[50,123495,2097],{"class":158},[50,123497,186],{"class":64},[50,123499,123500],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123501,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123503,123504],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123505,123506],{"class":4385},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123508,123509,123510,3602,123514,123518],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[335,123511,123512],{"href":3598},[15,123513,3601],{},[335,123515,123516],{"href":3605},[15,123517,3608],{},", depending on the situation.",[1112,123520,2120,123522,123525],{"id":123521},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123523,123524],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123527,65321],{},[41,123529,123531],{"className":43,"code":123530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123532,123533,123565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123534,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123536,8493],{"class":56},[50,123538,61],{"class":60},[50,123540,65],{"class":64},[50,123542,69],{"class":68},[50,123544,4797],{"class":72},[50,123546,69],{"class":68},[50,123548,78],{"class":64},[50,123550,81],{"class":68},[50,123552,4806],{"class":72},[50,123554,69],{"class":68},[50,123556,78],{"class":64},[50,123558,81],{"class":68},[50,123560,33905],{"class":72},[50,123562,69],{"class":68},[50,123564,98],{"class":64},[50,123566,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123568,366],{"class":151},[50,123570,155],{"class":64},[50,123572,4167],{"class":371},[50,123574,155],{"class":64},[50,123576,8522],{"class":158},[50,123578,1077],{"class":64},[20,123580,123581],{},"prints:",[41,123583,123584],{"className":43,"code":73509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123585,123586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123587,123588,123590,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123589,4620],{"class":64},[50,123591,413],{"class":68},[50,123593,4797],{"class":72},[50,123595,413],{"class":68},[50,123597,78],{"class":64},[50,123599,408],{"class":68},[50,123601,4806],{"class":72},[50,123603,413],{"class":68},[50,123605,78],{"class":64},[50,123607,408],{"class":68},[50,123609,33905],{"class":72},[50,123611,413],{"class":68},[50,123613,98],{"class":64},[20,123615,123616],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[36,123618,18117],{"id":18116},[20,123620,123621,22673,123623,838],{},[15,123622,48359],{},[4465,123624,123625],{},"new string",[20,123627,12161],{},[233,123629,123630,123633,123636],{},[236,123631,123632],{},"It always returns a string",[236,123634,123635],{},"It does not modify the original object",[236,123637,8476,123638,123642],{},[335,123639,123640],{"href":3023},[15,123641,3026],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123644,2931],{},[41,123646,123648],{"className":43,"code":123647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123649,123650,123658,123673,123677,123688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123651,123652,123654,123656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123653,3171],{"class":56},[50,123655,61],{"class":60},[50,123657,14832],{"class":111},[50,123659,123660,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123661,123662],{"class":56},"converted ",[50,123664,61],{"class":60},[50,123666,49580],{"class":371},[50,123668,155],{"class":64},[50,123670,3197],{"class":158},[50,123672,186],{"class":64},[50,123674,123675],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123676,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123678,123679,123681,123683,123686],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123680,366],{"class":151},[50,123682,155],{"class":64},[50,123684,123685],{"class":158},"converted",[50,123687,186],{"class":64},[50,123689,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,123691,366],{"class":151},[50,123693,155],{"class":64},[50,123695,3945],{"class":371},[50,123697,155],{"class":64},[50,123699,123685],{"class":158},[50,123701,1077],{"class":64},[20,123703,123704],{},[4465,123705,189],{},[41,123707,123709],{"className":43,"code":123708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123710,123711,123716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123712,123713],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123714,123715],{"class":111},"99\n",[50,123717,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123719,4014],{"class":60},[50,123721,4017],{"class":752},[50,123723,408],{"class":68},[50,123725,4167],{"class":72},[50,123727,413],{"class":68},[50,123729,4026],{"class":60},[36,123731,114391],{"id":114390},[20,123733,123734,123735,75488],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123736,48359],{},[233,123738,123739,123742,123745,123750],{},[236,123740,123741],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[236,123743,123744],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[236,123746,2447,123747,123749],{},[15,123748,48359],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[236,123751,123752],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123754,123755,123756,838],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[335,123757,26370,123758],{"href":91072},[15,123759,91073],{},[36,123761,123763],{"id":123762},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123765,123766],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[41,123768,123770],{"className":43,"code":123769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123771,123772,123780,123784,123794,123808,123812,123826,123836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123773,123774,123776,123778],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123775,3171],{"class":56},[50,123777,61],{"class":60},[50,123779,45902],{"class":111},[50,123781,123782],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,123783,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123785,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,123787,366],{"class":151},[50,123789,155],{"class":64},[50,123791,3197],{"class":158},[50,123793,186],{"class":64},[50,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,123797,366],{"class":151},[50,123799,155],{"class":64},[50,123801,3945],{"class":371},[50,123803,155],{"class":64},[50,123805,3197],{"class":158},[50,123807,1077],{"class":64},[50,123809,123810],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,123811,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,123813,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,123815,123662],{"class":56},[50,123817,61],{"class":60},[50,123819,49580],{"class":371},[50,123821,155],{"class":64},[50,123823,3197],{"class":158},[50,123825,186],{"class":64},[50,123827,123828,123830,123832,123834],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,123829,366],{"class":151},[50,123831,155],{"class":64},[50,123833,123685],{"class":158},[50,123835,186],{"class":64},[50,123837,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,123839,366],{"class":151},[50,123841,155],{"class":64},[50,123843,3945],{"class":371},[50,123845,155],{"class":64},[50,123847,123685],{"class":158},[50,123849,1077],{"class":64},[20,123851,123852,123853,2912,123855,123857,123858,838],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123854,2911],{},[15,123856,2915],{},", or another type into ",[15,123859,4167],{},[36,123861,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,123863,2559,123865,2562],{"id":123864},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123866,48359],{},[20,123868,123869],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1112,123871,2569,123873,123875],{"id":123872},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123874,48359],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123877,123878],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1112,123880,5883,123882,123884],{"id":123881},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123883,48359],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123886,123887],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1112,123889,95256,123891,123893],{"id":123890},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123892,48359],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123895,123896],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1112,123898,15605,123900,57883,123902,2582],{"id":123899},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123901,48359],{},[15,123903,47128],{},[20,123905,47041,123906,123908,123909,123911],{},[15,123907,48359],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123910,47128],{}," shows output.",[36,123913,2610],{"id":2609},[233,123915,123916,123922,123928,123934,123940,123949,123953],{},[236,123917,123918],{},[335,123919,123920,2551],{"href":47125},[15,123921,47128],{},[236,123923,123924],{},[335,123925,123926,2551],{"href":3023},[15,123927,3026],{},[236,123929,123930],{},[335,123931,123932,2551],{"href":3598},[15,123933,3601],{},[236,123935,123936],{},[335,123937,123938,2551],{"href":3605},[15,123939,3608],{},[236,123941,123942],{},[335,123943,123945,123946,123948],{"href":123944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123947,2911],{}," to string in Python",[236,123950,123951],{},[335,123952,91350],{"href":90359},[236,123954,123955],{},[335,123956,31037,123957],{"href":91072},[15,123958,91073],{},[2640,123960,123961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":123963},[123964,123965,123967,123968,123974,123976,123978,123980,123989,123990,123991,123992,124004],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":122382,"depth":101,"text":123966},"What str() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":122549,"depth":101,"text":122550,"children":123969},[123970,123971,123972,123973],{"id":122553,"depth":127,"text":122554},{"id":122639,"depth":127,"text":122640},{"id":122726,"depth":127,"text":122727},{"id":122812,"depth":127,"text":122813},{"id":122928,"depth":101,"text":123975},"When to use str()",{"id":123059,"depth":101,"text":123977},"str() vs print()",{"id":123228,"depth":101,"text":123979},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":123981},[123982,123984,123985,123987],{"id":123266,"depth":127,"text":123983},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123401,"depth":127,"text":123402},{"id":123463,"depth":127,"text":123986},"Using str() too early",{"id":123521,"depth":127,"text":123988},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":114390,"depth":101,"text":114391},{"id":123762,"depth":101,"text":123763},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":123993},[123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"id":123864,"depth":127,"text":123995},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123872,"depth":127,"text":123997},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123881,"depth":127,"text":123999},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123890,"depth":127,"text":124001},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123899,"depth":127,"text":124003},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42852,"description":124005},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":124012,"title":124013,"body":124014,"description":125467,"extension":2687,"meta":125468,"navigation":130,"path":125469,"seo":125470,"stem":125471,"__hash__":125472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":124015,"toc":125429},[124016,124022,124028,124031,124053,124055,124117,124119,124132,124138,124143,124148,124150,124163,124174,124176,124203,124205,124222,124229,124240,124242,124247,124249,124261,124269,124278,124280,124283,124336,124338,124346,124354,124358,124363,124403,124405,124413,124416,124418,124458,124460,124468,124478,124484,124487,124560,124562,124575,124579,124584,124612,124615,124650,124652,124660,124663,124667,124671,124673,124689,124691,124731,124733,124741,124750,124793,124795,124803,124805,124809,124815,124818,124858,124860,124868,124873,124876,124919,124923,124926,124961,124966,124968,125007,125017,125025,125035,125043,125047,125052,125054,125095,125097,125105,125110,125113,125116,125134,125140,125144,125149,125152,125192,125194,125199,125298,125301,125317,125319,125338,125340,125347,125350,125356,125359,125365,125369,125375,125378,125384,125387,125389,125426],[10,124017,124019,124020,12024],{"id":124018},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,124021,57968],{},[20,124023,124024,124025,124027],{},"The Python string ",[15,124026,57968],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,124029,124030],{},"This reference page explains:",[233,124032,124033,124037,124040,124042,124050],{},[236,124034,26710,124035,231],{},[15,124036,57968],{},[236,124038,124039],{},"its syntax",[236,124041,36080],{},[236,124043,124044,124045,827,124047,124049],{},"how ",[15,124046,36750],{},[15,124048,53338],{}," work",[236,124051,124052],{},"common beginner mistakes",[36,124054,39],{"id":38},[41,124056,124058],{"className":43,"code":124057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124059,124060,124072,124094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124061,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124063,35372],{"class":56},[50,124065,61],{"class":60},[50,124067,81],{"class":68},[50,124069,4806],{"class":72},[50,124071,4082],{"class":68},[50,124073,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124075,366],{"class":151},[50,124077,155],{"class":64},[50,124079,35393],{"class":158},[50,124081,838],{"class":64},[50,124083,41935],{"class":158},[50,124085,155],{"class":64},[50,124087,69],{"class":68},[50,124089,335],{"class":72},[50,124091,69],{"class":68},[50,124093,1077],{"class":64},[50,124095,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124113,124115],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,124097,366],{"class":151},[50,124099,155],{"class":64},[50,124101,35393],{"class":158},[50,124103,838],{"class":64},[50,124105,41935],{"class":158},[50,124107,155],{"class":64},[50,124109,69],{"class":68},[50,124111,124112],{"class":72},"na",[50,124114,69],{"class":68},[50,124116,1077],{"class":64},[20,124118,189],{},[41,124120,124122],{"className":43,"code":124121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\n",[15,124123,124124,124128],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124125,124126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124127,47292],{"class":111},[50,124129,124130],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124131,17756],{"class":111},[20,124133,221,124134,124137],{},[15,124135,124136],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[36,124139,13699,124141,13702],{"id":124140},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,124142,57968],{},[20,124144,124145,124147],{},[15,124146,57968],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,124149,13755],{},[233,124151,124152,124155,124158,124160],{},[236,124153,124154],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[236,124156,124157],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[236,124159,44335],{},[236,124161,124162],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,124164,124165,124166,124168,124169,2912,124171,124173],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,124167,18794],{}," characters are in ",[15,124170,65952],{},[15,124172,57968],{}," is a simple choice.",[36,124175,256],{"id":255},[41,124177,124179],{"className":43,"code":124178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,124180,124181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124182,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124184,61853],{"class":56},[50,124186,838],{"class":64},[50,124188,41935],{"class":158},[50,124190,155],{"class":64},[50,124192,3197],{"class":158},[50,124194,78],{"class":64},[50,124196,36729],{"class":158},[50,124198,78],{"class":64},[50,124200,65718],{"class":158},[50,124202,186],{"class":64},[1112,124204,18093],{"id":18092},[233,124206,124207,124212,124217],{},[236,124208,124209,124211],{},[15,124210,3197],{},": the text to search for",[236,124213,124214,124216],{},[15,124215,36750],{},": optional; where counting begins",[236,124218,124219,124221],{},[15,124220,53338],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124223,124224,827,124226,124228],{},[15,124225,36750],{},[15,124227,53338],{}," work like slice positions:",[233,124230,124231,124236],{},[236,124232,124233,124235],{},[15,124234,36750],{}," is included",[236,124237,124238,76414],{},[15,124239,53338],{},[36,124241,18117],{"id":18116},[20,124243,124244,124246],{},[15,124245,57968],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124248,2848],{},[233,124250,124251,124256],{},[236,124252,124253,124254],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124255,437],{},[236,124257,124258,124259],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124260,2842],{},[20,124262,41583,124263,5874,124265,3602,124267,838],{},[4465,124264,5351],{},[15,124266,4326],{},[15,124268,4396],{},[20,124270,124271,124272,124277],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[335,124273,124275,102266],{"href":124274},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124276,148],{}," is often a better fit.",[36,124279,12178],{"id":12177},[20,124281,124282],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[41,124284,124286],{"className":43,"code":124285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124287,124288,124300,124322,124326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124289,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124291,35372],{"class":56},[50,124293,61],{"class":60},[50,124295,81],{"class":68},[50,124297,4797],{"class":72},[50,124299,4082],{"class":68},[50,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124303,2954],{"class":56},[50,124305,61],{"class":60},[50,124307,43518],{"class":56},[50,124309,838],{"class":64},[50,124311,41935],{"class":158},[50,124313,155],{"class":64},[50,124315,69],{"class":68},[50,124317,20],{"class":72},[50,124319,69],{"class":68},[50,124321,186],{"class":64},[50,124323,124324],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,124325,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,124329,366],{"class":151},[50,124331,155],{"class":64},[50,124333,2989],{"class":158},[50,124335,186],{"class":64},[20,124337,189],{},[41,124339,124340],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124341,124342],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124343,124344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124345,17756],{"class":111},[20,124347,64499,124348,124351,124352,838],{},[15,124349,124350],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124353,58511],{},[36,124355,124357],{"id":124356},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124359,124360,124362],{},[15,124361,57968],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[41,124364,124366],{"className":43,"code":124365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124367,124368,124381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124369,124370,124372,124374,124376,124379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124371,35372],{"class":56},[50,124373,61],{"class":60},[50,124375,81],{"class":68},[50,124377,124378],{"class":72},"cat dog cat bird cat",[50,124380,4082],{"class":68},[50,124382,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124384,366],{"class":151},[50,124386,155],{"class":64},[50,124388,35393],{"class":158},[50,124390,838],{"class":64},[50,124392,41935],{"class":158},[50,124394,155],{"class":64},[50,124396,69],{"class":68},[50,124398,37724],{"class":72},[50,124400,69],{"class":68},[50,124402,1077],{"class":64},[20,124404,189],{},[41,124406,124407],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124408,124409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124410,124411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124412,47292],{"class":111},[20,124414,124415],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124417,2931],{},[41,124419,124421],{"className":43,"code":124420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124422,124423,124436],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124424,124425,124427,124429,124431,124434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124426,35372],{"class":56},[50,124428,61],{"class":60},[50,124430,81],{"class":68},[50,124432,124433],{"class":72},"one One one",[50,124435,4082],{"class":68},[50,124437,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124439,366],{"class":151},[50,124441,155],{"class":64},[50,124443,35393],{"class":158},[50,124445,838],{"class":64},[50,124447,41935],{"class":158},[50,124449,155],{"class":64},[50,124451,69],{"class":68},[50,124453,7298],{"class":72},[50,124455,69],{"class":68},[50,124457,1077],{"class":64},[20,124459,189],{},[41,124461,124462],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124463,124464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124465,124466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124467,17756],{"class":111},[20,124469,124470,124471,124474,124475,124477],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124472,124473],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124476,57968],{}," is case-sensitive.",[36,124479,2447,124480,827,124482],{"id":66084},[15,124481,36750],{},[15,124483,53338],{},[20,124485,124486],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[41,124488,124490],{"className":43,"code":124489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124491,124492,124504,124530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124493,124494,124496,124498,124500,124502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124495,35372],{"class":56},[50,124497,61],{"class":60},[50,124499,81],{"class":68},[50,124501,4806],{"class":72},[50,124503,4082],{"class":68},[50,124505,124506,124508,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124526,124528],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124507,366],{"class":151},[50,124509,155],{"class":64},[50,124511,35393],{"class":158},[50,124513,838],{"class":64},[50,124515,41935],{"class":158},[50,124517,155],{"class":64},[50,124519,69],{"class":68},[50,124521,335],{"class":72},[50,124523,69],{"class":68},[50,124525,78],{"class":64},[50,124527,314],{"class":111},[50,124529,1077],{"class":64},[50,124531,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,124533,366],{"class":151},[50,124535,155],{"class":64},[50,124537,35393],{"class":158},[50,124539,838],{"class":64},[50,124541,41935],{"class":158},[50,124543,155],{"class":64},[50,124545,69],{"class":68},[50,124547,335],{"class":72},[50,124549,69],{"class":68},[50,124551,78],{"class":64},[50,124553,314],{"class":111},[50,124555,78],{"class":64},[50,124557,5325],{"class":111},[50,124559,1077],{"class":64},[20,124561,189],{},[41,124563,124565],{"className":43,"code":124564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n1\n",[15,124566,124567,124571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124568,124569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124570,17756],{"class":111},[50,124572,124573],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124574,47592],{"class":111},[1112,124576,124578],{"id":124577},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124580,124581,124582,1408],{},"In ",[15,124583,65952],{},[233,124585,124586,124594,124602],{},[236,124587,71638,124588,124590,124591],{},[15,124589,422],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124592,124593],{},"\"n\"",[236,124595,124596,124599,124600,76712],{},[15,124597,124598],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124601,422],{},[236,124603,124604,124599,124607,124609,124610],{},[15,124605,124606],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124608,422],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124611,2859],{},[20,124613,124614],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[41,124616,124618],{"className":43,"code":124617,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124619,124620,124632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124621,124622,124624,124626,124628,124630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124623,35372],{"class":56},[50,124625,61],{"class":60},[50,124627,81],{"class":68},[50,124629,4806],{"class":72},[50,124631,4082],{"class":68},[50,124633,124634,124636,124638,124640,124642,124644,124646,124648],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124635,366],{"class":151},[50,124637,155],{"class":64},[50,124639,35393],{"class":158},[50,124641,4620],{"class":64},[50,124643,422],{"class":111},[50,124645,1408],{"class":64},[50,124647,2859],{"class":111},[50,124649,2210],{"class":64},[20,124651,189],{},[41,124653,124654],{"className":43,"code":42144,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124655,124656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124657,124658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124659,42144],{"class":56},[20,124661,124662],{},"Only that section is searched.",[36,124664,124666],{"id":124665},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124668,124669,124477],{},[15,124670,57968],{},[20,124672,2829],{},[233,124674,124675,124683],{},[236,124676,124677,827,124679,124682],{},[15,124678,18794],{},[15,124680,124681],{},"\"A\""," are different",[236,124684,124685,827,124687,124682],{},[15,124686,65212],{},[15,124688,91085],{},[20,124690,2931],{},[41,124692,124694],{"className":43,"code":124693,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124695,124696,124709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124697,124698,124700,124702,124704,124707],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124699,35372],{"class":56},[50,124701,61],{"class":60},[50,124703,81],{"class":68},[50,124705,124706],{"class":72},"Apple apple APPLE",[50,124708,4082],{"class":68},[50,124710,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124712,366],{"class":151},[50,124714,155],{"class":64},[50,124716,35393],{"class":158},[50,124718,838],{"class":64},[50,124720,41935],{"class":158},[50,124722,155],{"class":64},[50,124724,69],{"class":68},[50,124726,4797],{"class":72},[50,124728,69],{"class":68},[50,124730,1077],{"class":64},[20,124732,189],{},[41,124734,124735],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124736,124737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124738,124739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124740,47592],{"class":111},[20,124742,124743,124744,1408],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[335,124745,124747],{"href":124746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124748,124749],{},"lower()",[41,124751,124753],{"className":43,"code":124752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124754,124755,124767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124756,124757,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124758,35372],{"class":56},[50,124760,61],{"class":60},[50,124762,81],{"class":68},[50,124764,124706],{"class":72},[50,124766,4082],{"class":68},[50,124768,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787,124789,124791],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124770,366],{"class":151},[50,124772,155],{"class":64},[50,124774,35393],{"class":158},[50,124776,838],{"class":64},[50,124778,9351],{"class":158},[50,124780,9348],{"class":64},[50,124782,41935],{"class":158},[50,124784,155],{"class":64},[50,124786,69],{"class":68},[50,124788,4797],{"class":72},[50,124790,69],{"class":68},[50,124792,1077],{"class":64},[20,124794,189],{},[41,124796,124797],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124798,124799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124800,124801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124802,47292],{"class":111},[36,124804,3553],{"id":3552},[20,124806,23788,124807,838],{},[15,124808,57968],{},[1112,124810,2120,124812,124814],{"id":124811},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124813,57968],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124816,124817],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[41,124819,124821],{"className":43,"code":124820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124822,124823,124836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124824,124825,124827,124829,124831,124834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124826,35372],{"class":56},[50,124828,61],{"class":60},[50,124830,81],{"class":68},[50,124832,124833],{"class":72},"Aardvark",[50,124835,4082],{"class":68},[50,124837,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850,124852,124854,124856],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124839,366],{"class":151},[50,124841,155],{"class":64},[50,124843,35393],{"class":158},[50,124845,838],{"class":64},[50,124847,41935],{"class":158},[50,124849,155],{"class":64},[50,124851,69],{"class":68},[50,124853,335],{"class":72},[50,124855,69],{"class":68},[50,124857,1077],{"class":64},[20,124859,189],{},[41,124861,124862],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124863,124864],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124865,124866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124867,17756],{"class":111},[20,124869,124470,124870,124872],{},[15,124871,124681],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124874,124875],{},"If needed, convert first:",[41,124877,124879],{"className":43,"code":124878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124880,124881,124893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124882,124883,124885,124887,124889,124891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124884,35372],{"class":56},[50,124886,61],{"class":60},[50,124888,81],{"class":68},[50,124890,124833],{"class":72},[50,124892,4082],{"class":68},[50,124894,124895,124897,124899,124901,124903,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124896,366],{"class":151},[50,124898,155],{"class":64},[50,124900,35393],{"class":158},[50,124902,838],{"class":64},[50,124904,9351],{"class":158},[50,124906,9348],{"class":64},[50,124908,41935],{"class":158},[50,124910,155],{"class":64},[50,124912,69],{"class":68},[50,124914,335],{"class":72},[50,124916,69],{"class":68},[50,124918,1077],{"class":64},[1112,124920,124922],{"id":124921},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124924,124925],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[41,124927,124929],{"className":43,"code":124928,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124930,124931,124943],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124932,124933,124935,124937,124939,124941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124934,35372],{"class":56},[50,124936,61],{"class":60},[50,124938,81],{"class":68},[50,124940,4806],{"class":72},[50,124942,4082],{"class":68},[50,124944,124945,124947,124949,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124946,366],{"class":151},[50,124948,155],{"class":64},[50,124950,35393],{"class":158},[50,124952,838],{"class":64},[50,124954,41935],{"class":158},[50,124956,155],{"class":64},[50,124958,335],{"class":158},[50,124960,1077],{"class":64},[20,124962,124963,124964,838],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124965,335],{},[20,124967,11509],{},[41,124969,124971],{"className":43,"code":124970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124972,124973,124985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981,124983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124976,35372],{"class":56},[50,124978,61],{"class":60},[50,124980,81],{"class":68},[50,124982,4806],{"class":72},[50,124984,4082],{"class":68},[50,124986,124987,124989,124991,124993,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003,125005],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,124988,366],{"class":151},[50,124990,155],{"class":64},[50,124992,35393],{"class":158},[50,124994,838],{"class":64},[50,124996,41935],{"class":158},[50,124998,155],{"class":64},[50,125000,69],{"class":68},[50,125002,335],{"class":72},[50,125004,69],{"class":68},[50,125006,1077],{"class":64},[1112,125008,37881,125010,9416,125012,3602,125015],{"id":125009},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,125011,57968],{},[15,125013,125014],{},"find()",[15,125016,59646],{},[20,125018,221,125019,125021,125022,838],{},[15,125020,57968],{}," when you need the ",[4465,125023,125024],{},"number of matches",[20,125026,221,125027,125021,125032,125034],{},[335,125028,125030],{"href":125029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,125031,125014],{},[4465,125033,65624],{}," of the first match.",[20,125036,221,125037,125042],{},[335,125038,125040],{"href":125039},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,125041,59646],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1112,125044,125046],{"id":125045},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,125048,125049,125051],{},[15,125050,57968],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,125053,2931],{},[41,125055,125057],{"className":43,"code":125056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,125058,125059,125072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125060,125061,125063,125065,125067,125070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125062,35372],{"class":56},[50,125064,61],{"class":60},[50,125066,81],{"class":68},[50,125068,125069],{"class":72},"aaaa",[50,125071,4082],{"class":68},[50,125073,125074,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088,125091,125093],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125075,366],{"class":151},[50,125077,155],{"class":64},[50,125079,35393],{"class":158},[50,125081,838],{"class":64},[50,125083,41935],{"class":158},[50,125085,155],{"class":64},[50,125087,69],{"class":68},[50,125089,125090],{"class":72},"aa",[50,125092,69],{"class":68},[50,125094,1077],{"class":64},[20,125096,189],{},[41,125098,125099],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,125100,125101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125102,125103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125104,17756],{"class":111},[20,125106,125107,125108,838],{},"It does not return ",[15,125109,437],{},[20,125111,125112],{},"Why not?",[20,125114,125115],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[233,125117,125118,125127],{},[236,125119,125120,125123,125124],{},[15,125121,125122],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,125125,125126],{},"0-1",[236,125128,125129,125123,125131],{},[15,125130,125122],{},[15,125132,125133],{},"2-3",[20,125135,125136,125137,838],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,125138,125139],{},"1-2",[36,125141,5681,125142],{"id":59051},[15,125143,57968],{},[20,125145,221,125146,125148],{},[15,125147,57968],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,125150,125151],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[233,125153,125154,125163,125173,125183],{},[236,125155,221,125156,125158,125159,125162],{},[15,125157,57968],{}," when you need ",[4465,125160,125161],{},"how many times"," something appears",[236,125164,221,125165,125158,125169,125172],{},[335,125166,125167],{"href":125029},[15,125168,125014],{},[4465,125170,125171],{},"where"," it appears",[236,125174,48486,125175,125179,125180],{},[335,125176,125177,102266],{"href":124274},[15,125178,148],{}," when you only need to know ",[4465,125181,125182],{},"if it exists",[236,125184,221,125185,125191],{},[335,125186,125188],{"href":125187},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,125189,125190],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[36,125193,26633],{"id":26632},[20,125195,9587,125196,125198],{},[15,125197,57968],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[41,125200,125202],{"className":43,"code":125201,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,125203,125204,125214,125228,125250,125276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125207,366],{"class":151},[50,125209,155],{"class":64},[50,125211,35393],{"class":158},[50,125213,186],{"class":64},[50,125215,125216,125218,125220,125222,125224,125226],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125217,366],{"class":151},[50,125219,155],{"class":64},[50,125221,3945],{"class":371},[50,125223,155],{"class":64},[50,125225,35393],{"class":158},[50,125227,1077],{"class":64},[50,125229,125230,125232,125234,125236,125238,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125231,366],{"class":151},[50,125233,155],{"class":64},[50,125235,35393],{"class":158},[50,125237,838],{"class":64},[50,125239,41935],{"class":158},[50,125241,155],{"class":64},[50,125243,69],{"class":68},[50,125245,335],{"class":72},[50,125247,69],{"class":68},[50,125249,1077],{"class":64},[50,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270,125272,125274],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,125253,366],{"class":151},[50,125255,155],{"class":64},[50,125257,35393],{"class":158},[50,125259,838],{"class":64},[50,125261,9351],{"class":158},[50,125263,9348],{"class":64},[50,125265,41935],{"class":158},[50,125267,155],{"class":64},[50,125269,69],{"class":68},[50,125271,335],{"class":72},[50,125273,69],{"class":68},[50,125275,1077],{"class":64},[50,125277,125278,125280,125282,125284,125286,125288,125290,125292,125294,125296],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,125279,366],{"class":151},[50,125281,155],{"class":64},[50,125283,35393],{"class":158},[50,125285,838],{"class":64},[50,125287,41935],{"class":158},[50,125289,155],{"class":64},[50,125291,69],{"class":68},[50,125293,124112],{"class":72},[50,125295,69],{"class":68},[50,125297,1077],{"class":64},[20,125299,125300],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[233,125302,125303,125306,125311,125314],{},[236,125304,125305],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[236,125307,125308,125310],{},[15,125309,35393],{}," not being a string",[236,125312,125313],{},"counting the wrong substring",[236,125315,125316],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125318,59540],{},[233,125320,125321,125324,125327,125330],{},[236,125322,125323],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[236,125325,125326],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[236,125328,125329],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[236,125331,51168,125332,45307,125334,3602,125336,73984],{},[15,125333,57968],{},[15,125335,125014],{},[15,125337,148],{},[36,125339,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,125341,125343,125344,125346],{"id":125342},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125345,57968],{}," change the original string?",[20,125348,125349],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1112,125351,15605,125353,125355],{"id":125352},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125354,57968],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125357,125358],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1112,125360,2559,125362,125364],{"id":125361},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125363,57968],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125366,5861,125367,838],{},[15,125368,2842],{},[1112,125370,5883,125372,125374],{"id":125371},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125373,57968],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125376,125377],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1112,125379,2569,125381,125383],{"id":125380},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125382,57968],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125385,125386],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[36,125388,2610],{"id":2609},[233,125390,125391,125398,125405,125412,125419],{},[236,125392,125393],{},[335,125394,125395],{"href":125029},[15,125396,125397],{},"Python string find() method",[236,125399,125400],{},[335,125401,125402],{"href":125039},[15,125403,125404],{},"Python string index() method",[236,125406,125407],{},[335,125408,125409],{"href":124746},[15,125410,125411],{},"Python string lower() method",[236,125413,125414],{},[335,125415,125416],{"href":124274},[15,125417,125418],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[236,125420,125421],{},[335,125422,125423],{"href":125187},[15,125424,125425],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2640,125427,125428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":125430},[125431,125432,125434,125437,125438,125439,125440,125443,125444,125452,125453,125454,125466],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":124140,"depth":101,"text":125433},"What the count() method does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":125435},[125436],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":124356,"depth":101,"text":124357},{"id":66084,"depth":101,"text":66867,"children":125441},[125442],{"id":124577,"depth":127,"text":124578},{"id":124665,"depth":101,"text":124666},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":125445},[125446,125448,125449,125451],{"id":124811,"depth":127,"text":125447},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124921,"depth":127,"text":124922},{"id":125009,"depth":127,"text":125450},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":125045,"depth":127,"text":125046},{"id":59051,"depth":101,"text":59682},{"id":26632,"depth":101,"text":26633},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":125455},[125456,125458,125460,125462,125464],{"id":125342,"depth":127,"text":125457},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125352,"depth":127,"text":125459},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125361,"depth":127,"text":125461},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125371,"depth":127,"text":125463},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125380,"depth":127,"text":125465},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":124013,"description":125467},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125474,"title":125475,"body":125476,"description":127061,"extension":2687,"meta":127062,"navigation":130,"path":127063,"seo":127064,"stem":127065,"__hash__":127066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125477,"toc":127034},[125478,125481,125484,125581,125590,125592,125611,125615,125618,125621,125634,125637,125666,125671,125676,125734,125736,125769,125775,125779,125782,125785,125814,125817,125844,125847,125850,125854,125857,125864,125927,125929,125947,125950,125954,125957,125960,126002,126005,126049,126052,126055,126059,126064,126067,126110,126112,126135,126138,126171,126174,126223,126233,126237,126240,126243,126272,126275,126286,126288,126347,126350,126354,126357,126360,126375,126384,126387,126421,126424,126451,126454,126461,126463,126466,126468,126471,126485,126494,126496,126523,126527,126530,126544,126547,126606,126610,126613,126640,126643,126670,126678,126681,126741,126743,126776,126780,126783,126802,126807,126856,126861,126863,126866,126925,126943,126945,126949,126957,126961,126964,126968,126974,126978,126988,126992,126995,126997,127031],[10,125479,125475],{"id":125480},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125482,125483],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[41,125485,125487],{"className":43,"code":125486,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125488,125489,125501,125513,125522,125536,125540,125550,125560,125571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125490,125491,125493,125495,125497,125499],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125492,8589],{"class":56},[50,125494,61],{"class":60},[50,125496,81],{"class":68},[50,125498,5723],{"class":72},[50,125500,4082],{"class":68},[50,125502,125503,125505,125507,125509,125511],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125504,90674],{"class":56},[50,125506,61],{"class":60},[50,125508,408],{"class":68},[50,125510,35552],{"class":72},[50,125512,30389],{"class":68},[50,125514,125515,125518,125520],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125516,125517],{"class":56},"empty ",[50,125519,61],{"class":60},[50,125521,8594],{"class":68},[50,125523,125524,125526,125528,125530,125532,125534],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,125525,35372],{"class":56},[50,125527,61],{"class":60},[50,125529,49580],{"class":371},[50,125531,155],{"class":64},[50,125533,50922],{"class":111},[50,125535,186],{"class":64},[50,125537,125538],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,125539,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,125541,125542,125544,125546,125548],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,125543,366],{"class":151},[50,125545,155],{"class":64},[50,125547,178],{"class":158},[50,125549,186],{"class":64},[50,125551,125552,125554,125556,125558],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,125553,366],{"class":151},[50,125555,155],{"class":64},[50,125557,90691],{"class":158},[50,125559,186],{"class":64},[50,125561,125562,125564,125566,125569],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,125563,366],{"class":151},[50,125565,155],{"class":64},[50,125567,125568],{"class":158},"empty",[50,125570,186],{"class":64},[50,125572,125573,125575,125577,125579],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,125574,366],{"class":151},[50,125576,155],{"class":64},[50,125578,35393],{"class":158},[50,125580,186],{"class":64},[20,125582,125583,125586,125587,125589],{},[4465,125584,125585],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125588,48359],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[36,125591,15865],{"id":15864},[233,125593,125594,125597,125600,125603,125608],{},[236,125595,125596],{},"What a string is in Python",[236,125598,125599],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[236,125601,125602],{},"How to create an empty string",[236,125604,125605,125606],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125607,48359],{},[236,125609,125610],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[36,125612,125614],{"id":125613},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125616,125617],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125619,125620],{},"Strings can contain:",[233,125622,125623,125626,125628,125631],{},[236,125624,125625],{},"Letters",[236,125627,57140],{},[236,125629,125630],{},"Spaces",[236,125632,125633],{},"Symbols",[20,125635,125636],{},"Examples of strings:",[41,125638,125640],{"className":43,"code":125639,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125641,125642,125650,125658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125643,125644,125646,125648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125645,69],{"class":44005},[50,125647,4568],{"class":44009},[50,125649,4082],{"class":44005},[50,125651,125652,125654,125656],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125653,69],{"class":44005},[50,125655,50922],{"class":44009},[50,125657,4082],{"class":44005},[50,125659,125660,125662,125664],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125661,69],{"class":44005},[50,125663,89816],{"class":44009},[50,125665,4082],{"class":44005},[20,125667,21676,125668,125670],{},[15,125669,50972],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125672,125673,125674,1408],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125675,3026],{},[41,125677,125679],{"className":43,"code":125678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125680,125681,125693,125702,125706,125720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125684,35372],{"class":56},[50,125686,61],{"class":60},[50,125688,81],{"class":68},[50,125690,50922],{"class":72},[50,125692,4082],{"class":68},[50,125694,125695,125697,125699],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125696,2941],{"class":56},[50,125698,61],{"class":60},[50,125700,125701],{"class":111}," 123\n",[50,125703,125704],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125705,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,125707,125708,125710,125712,125714,125716,125718],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,125709,366],{"class":151},[50,125711,155],{"class":64},[50,125713,3945],{"class":371},[50,125715,155],{"class":64},[50,125717,35393],{"class":158},[50,125719,1077],{"class":64},[50,125721,125722,125724,125726,125728,125730,125732],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,125723,366],{"class":151},[50,125725,155],{"class":64},[50,125727,3945],{"class":371},[50,125729,155],{"class":64},[50,125731,2964],{"class":158},[50,125733,1077],{"class":64},[20,125735,189],{},[41,125737,125739],{"className":43,"code":125738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125740,125741,125755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749,125751,125753],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125744,4014],{"class":60},[50,125746,4017],{"class":752},[50,125748,408],{"class":68},[50,125750,4167],{"class":72},[50,125752,413],{"class":68},[50,125754,4026],{"class":60},[50,125756,125757,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125758,4014],{"class":60},[50,125760,4017],{"class":752},[50,125762,408],{"class":68},[50,125764,2911],{"class":72},[50,125766,413],{"class":68},[50,125768,4026],{"class":60},[20,125770,125771,125772,838],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[335,125773,125774],{"href":51652},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[36,125776,125778],{"id":125777},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125780,125781],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125783,125784],{},"You can use single quotes:",[41,125786,125788],{"className":43,"code":125787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125789,125790,125803],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125791,125792,125795,125797,125799,125801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125793,125794],{"class":56},"greeting ",[50,125796,61],{"class":60},[50,125798,408],{"class":68},[50,125800,4568],{"class":72},[50,125802,30389],{"class":68},[50,125804,125805,125807,125809,125812],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125806,366],{"class":151},[50,125808,155],{"class":64},[50,125810,125811],{"class":158},"greeting",[50,125813,186],{"class":64},[20,125815,125816],{},"Or double quotes:",[41,125818,125820],{"className":43,"code":125819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125821,125822,125834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125825,125794],{"class":56},[50,125827,61],{"class":60},[50,125829,81],{"class":68},[50,125831,4568],{"class":72},[50,125833,4082],{"class":68},[50,125835,125836,125838,125840,125842],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125837,366],{"class":151},[50,125839,155],{"class":64},[50,125841,125811],{"class":158},[50,125843,186],{"class":64},[20,125845,125846],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125848,125849],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[36,125851,125853],{"id":125852},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125855,125856],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125858,125859,125860,3602,125862,1408],{},"Use either ",[15,125861,6985],{},[15,125863,4496],{},[41,125865,125867],{"className":43,"code":125866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125868,125869,125878,125887,125891,125902,125913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125870,125871,125874,125876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125872,125873],{"class":56},"empty1 ",[50,125875,61],{"class":60},[50,125877,8594],{"class":68},[50,125879,125880,125883,125885],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125881,125882],{"class":56},"empty2 ",[50,125884,61],{"class":60},[50,125886,48171],{"class":68},[50,125888,125889],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125890,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,125892,125893,125895,125897,125900],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,125894,366],{"class":151},[50,125896,155],{"class":64},[50,125898,125899],{"class":158},"empty1",[50,125901,186],{"class":64},[50,125903,125904,125906,125908,125911],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,125905,366],{"class":151},[50,125907,155],{"class":64},[50,125909,125910],{"class":158},"empty2",[50,125912,186],{"class":64},[50,125914,125915,125917,125919,125921,125923,125925],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,125916,366],{"class":151},[50,125918,155],{"class":64},[50,125920,3945],{"class":371},[50,125922,155],{"class":64},[50,125924,125899],{"class":158},[50,125926,1077],{"class":64},[20,125928,189],{},[41,125930,125931],{"className":43,"code":46446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,125932,125933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125934,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125936,4014],{"class":60},[50,125938,4017],{"class":752},[50,125940,408],{"class":68},[50,125942,4167],{"class":72},[50,125944,413],{"class":68},[50,125946,4026],{"class":60},[20,125948,125949],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[36,125951,125953],{"id":125952},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125955,125956],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125958,125959],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[41,125961,125963],{"className":43,"code":125962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125964,125965,125976,125981,125988,125992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125966,125967,125969,125971,125974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125968,90674],{"class":56},[50,125970,61],{"class":60},[50,125972,125973],{"class":68}," \"\"\"",[50,125975,89616],{"class":72},[50,125977,125978],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,125979,125980],{"class":72},"Welcome to Python\n",[50,125982,125983,125986],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,125984,125985],{"class":72},"Have a nice day",[50,125987,44013],{"class":68},[50,125989,125990],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,125991,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,125993,125994,125996,125998,126000],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,125995,366],{"class":151},[50,125997,155],{"class":64},[50,125999,90691],{"class":158},[50,126001,186],{"class":64},[20,126003,126004],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[41,126006,126008],{"className":43,"code":126007,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126009,126010,126022,126027,126035,126039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126011,126012,126014,126016,126019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126013,90674],{"class":56},[50,126015,61],{"class":60},[50,126017,126018],{"class":68}," '''",[50,126020,126021],{"class":72},"Line 1\n",[50,126023,126024],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126025,126026],{"class":72},"Line 2\n",[50,126028,126029,126032],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126030,126031],{"class":72},"Line 3",[50,126033,126034],{"class":68},"'''\n",[50,126036,126037],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126038,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126040,126041,126043,126045,126047],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,126042,366],{"class":151},[50,126044,155],{"class":64},[50,126046,90691],{"class":158},[50,126048,186],{"class":64},[20,126050,126051],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,126053,126054],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[36,126056,126058],{"id":126057},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,126060,2704,126061,126063],{},[15,126062,48359],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,126065,126066],{},"Example with a number:",[41,126068,126070],{"className":43,"code":126069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,126071,126072,126086,126096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126073,126074,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126075,35372],{"class":56},[50,126077,61],{"class":60},[50,126079,49580],{"class":371},[50,126081,155],{"class":64},[50,126083,47202],{"class":111},[50,126085,186],{"class":64},[50,126087,126088,126090,126092,126094],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126089,366],{"class":151},[50,126091,155],{"class":64},[50,126093,35393],{"class":158},[50,126095,186],{"class":64},[50,126097,126098,126100,126102,126104,126106,126108],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126099,366],{"class":151},[50,126101,155],{"class":64},[50,126103,3945],{"class":371},[50,126105,155],{"class":64},[50,126107,35393],{"class":158},[50,126109,1077],{"class":64},[20,126111,189],{},[41,126113,126115],{"className":43,"code":126114,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126116,126117,126121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126118,126119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126120,47287],{"class":111},[50,126122,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126124,4014],{"class":60},[50,126126,4017],{"class":752},[50,126128,408],{"class":68},[50,126130,4167],{"class":72},[50,126132,413],{"class":68},[50,126134,4026],{"class":60},[20,126136,126137],{},"You can also convert other values:",[41,126139,126141],{"className":43,"code":126140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,126142,126143,126157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126146,366],{"class":151},[50,126148,155],{"class":64},[50,126150,4167],{"class":371},[50,126152,155],{"class":64},[50,126154,4326],{"class":1806},[50,126156,1077],{"class":64},[50,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126160,366],{"class":151},[50,126162,155],{"class":64},[50,126164,4167],{"class":371},[50,126166,155],{"class":64},[50,126168,40820],{"class":111},[50,126170,1077],{"class":64},[20,126172,126173],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[41,126175,126177],{"className":43,"code":126176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126178,126179,126187,126209,126213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126180,126181,126183,126185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126182,22327],{"class":56},[50,126184,61],{"class":60},[50,126186,45902],{"class":111},[50,126188,126189,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126190,90674],{"class":56},[50,126192,61],{"class":60},[50,126194,81],{"class":68},[50,126196,90092],{"class":72},[50,126198,69],{"class":68},[50,126200,3178],{"class":60},[50,126202,49580],{"class":371},[50,126204,155],{"class":64},[50,126206,1303],{"class":158},[50,126208,186],{"class":64},[50,126210,126211],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126212,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126214,126215,126217,126219,126221],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126216,366],{"class":151},[50,126218,155],{"class":64},[50,126220,90691],{"class":158},[50,126222,186],{"class":64},[20,126224,126225,126226,3602,126230,838],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[335,126227,13,126228,2551],{"href":42851},[15,126229,48359],{},[335,126231,126232],{"href":123944},"how to convert int to string in Python",[36,126234,126236],{"id":126235},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126238,126239],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126241,126242],{},"Both of these are valid:",[41,126244,126246],{"className":43,"code":126245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126247,126248,126260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126249,126250,126252,126254,126256,126258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126251,1942],{"class":56},[50,126253,61],{"class":60},[50,126255,408],{"class":68},[50,126257,8010],{"class":72},[50,126259,30389],{"class":68},[50,126261,126262,126264,126266,126268,126270],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126263,3304],{"class":56},[50,126265,61],{"class":60},[50,126267,81],{"class":68},[50,126269,8010],{"class":72},[50,126271,4082],{"class":68},[20,126273,126274],{},"A common rule is:",[233,126276,126277,126280,126283],{},[236,126278,126279],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[236,126281,126282],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[236,126284,126285],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126287,2931],{},[41,126289,126291],{"className":43,"code":126290,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126292,126293,126307,126321,126325,126336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126294,126295,126298,126300,126302,126305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126296,126297],{"class":56},"text1 ",[50,126299,61],{"class":60},[50,126301,81],{"class":68},[50,126303,126304],{"class":72},"It's working",[50,126306,4082],{"class":68},[50,126308,126309,126312,126314,126316,126319],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126310,126311],{"class":56},"text2 ",[50,126313,61],{"class":60},[50,126315,408],{"class":68},[50,126317,126318],{"class":72},"She said \"hello\"",[50,126320,30389],{"class":68},[50,126322,126323],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126324,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126326,126327,126329,126331,126334],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126328,366],{"class":151},[50,126330,155],{"class":64},[50,126332,126333],{"class":158},"text1",[50,126335,186],{"class":64},[50,126337,126338,126340,126342,126345],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,126339,366],{"class":151},[50,126341,155],{"class":64},[50,126343,126344],{"class":158},"text2",[50,126346,186],{"class":64},[20,126348,126349],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[36,126351,126353],{"id":126352},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126355,126356],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126358,126359],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[41,126361,126363],{"className":43,"code":126362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126364,126365,126370],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126366,126367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126368,126369],{"class":4385},"# This will cause an error\n",[50,126371,126372],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126373,126374],{"class":4385},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126376,126377,126378,36015,126380,126383],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126379,413],{},[15,126381,126382],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126385,126386],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[41,126388,126390],{"className":43,"code":126389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126391,126392,126411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126393,126394,126396,126398,126400,126403,126406,126409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126395,35372],{"class":56},[50,126397,61],{"class":60},[50,126399,408],{"class":68},[50,126401,126402],{"class":72},"It",[50,126404,126405],{"class":35138},"\\'",[50,126407,126408],{"class":72},"s working",[50,126410,30389],{"class":68},[50,126412,126413,126415,126417,126419],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126414,366],{"class":151},[50,126416,155],{"class":64},[50,126418,35393],{"class":158},[50,126420,186],{"class":64},[20,126422,126423],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[41,126425,126427],{"className":43,"code":126426,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126428,126429,126441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126430,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126432,35372],{"class":56},[50,126434,61],{"class":60},[50,126436,81],{"class":68},[50,126438,126304],{"class":72},[50,126440,4082],{"class":68},[50,126442,126443,126445,126447,126449],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126444,366],{"class":151},[50,126446,155],{"class":64},[50,126448,35393],{"class":158},[50,126450,186],{"class":64},[20,126452,126453],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126455,126456,126457,838],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[335,126458,126460],{"href":126459},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[36,126462,3553],{"id":3552},[20,126464,126465],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1112,126467,90881],{"id":90880},[20,126469,126470],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[41,126472,126474],{"className":43,"code":126473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126475,126476,126480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126477,126478],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126479,126369],{"class":4385},[50,126481,126482],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126483,126484],{"class":4385},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126486,126487,126488,9312,126491,126493],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126489,126490],{},"NameError",[15,126492,5723],{}," is not defined.",[20,126495,11509],{},[41,126497,126499],{"className":43,"code":126498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126500,126501,126513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126502,126503,126505,126507,126509,126511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126504,8589],{"class":56},[50,126506,61],{"class":60},[50,126508,81],{"class":68},[50,126510,5723],{"class":72},[50,126512,4082],{"class":68},[50,126514,126515,126517,126519,126521],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126516,366],{"class":151},[50,126518,155],{"class":64},[50,126520,178],{"class":158},[50,126522,186],{"class":64},[1112,126524,126526],{"id":126525},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126528,126529],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[41,126531,126533],{"className":43,"code":126532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126534,126535,126539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126536,126537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126538,126369],{"class":4385},[50,126540,126541],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126542,126543],{"class":4385},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126545,126546],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[41,126548,126550],{"className":43,"code":126549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126551,126552,126569,126582,126586,126596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126553,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126555,126297],{"class":56},[50,126557,61],{"class":60},[50,126559,408],{"class":68},[50,126561,126402],{"class":72},[50,126563,126405],{"class":35138},[50,126565,126566],{"class":72},"s good",[50,126568,30389],{"class":68},[50,126570,126571,126573,126575,126577,126580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126572,126311],{"class":56},[50,126574,61],{"class":60},[50,126576,81],{"class":68},[50,126578,126579],{"class":72},"It's good",[50,126581,4082],{"class":68},[50,126583,126584],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126585,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126587,126588,126590,126592,126594],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126589,366],{"class":151},[50,126591,155],{"class":64},[50,126593,126333],{"class":158},[50,126595,186],{"class":64},[50,126597,126598,126600,126602,126604],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,126599,366],{"class":151},[50,126601,155],{"class":64},[50,126603,126344],{"class":158},[50,126605,186],{"class":64},[1112,126607,126609],{"id":126608},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126611,126612],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[41,126614,126616],{"className":43,"code":126615,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126617,126618,126630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126619,126620,126622,126624,126626,126628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126621,35372],{"class":56},[50,126623,61],{"class":60},[50,126625,125973],{"class":68},[50,126627,4568],{"class":72},[50,126629,44013],{"class":68},[50,126631,126632,126634,126636,126638],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126633,366],{"class":151},[50,126635,155],{"class":64},[50,126637,35393],{"class":158},[50,126639,186],{"class":64},[20,126641,126642],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[41,126644,126646],{"className":43,"code":126645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126647,126648,126660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126649,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126651,35372],{"class":56},[50,126653,61],{"class":60},[50,126655,81],{"class":68},[50,126657,4568],{"class":72},[50,126659,4082],{"class":68},[50,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126663,366],{"class":151},[50,126665,155],{"class":64},[50,126667,35393],{"class":158},[50,126669,186],{"class":64},[1112,126671,5299,126673,827,126675,126677],{"id":126672},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126674,50922],{},[15,126676,50972],{}," are the same type",[20,126679,126680],{},"They are different:",[41,126682,126684],{"className":43,"code":126683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126685,126686,126695,126708,126712,126726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126687,126688,126691,126693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126689,126690],{"class":56},"value1 ",[50,126692,61],{"class":60},[50,126694,125701],{"class":111},[50,126696,126697,126700,126702,126704,126706],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126698,126699],{"class":56},"value2 ",[50,126701,61],{"class":60},[50,126703,81],{"class":68},[50,126705,50922],{"class":72},[50,126707,4082],{"class":68},[50,126709,126710],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126711,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126713,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126715,366],{"class":151},[50,126717,155],{"class":64},[50,126719,3945],{"class":371},[50,126721,155],{"class":64},[50,126723,85438],{"class":158},[50,126725,1077],{"class":64},[50,126727,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126739],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,126729,366],{"class":151},[50,126731,155],{"class":64},[50,126733,3945],{"class":371},[50,126735,155],{"class":64},[50,126737,126738],{"class":158},"value2",[50,126740,1077],{"class":64},[20,126742,189],{},[41,126744,126746],{"className":43,"code":126745,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126747,126748,126762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126749,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126751,4014],{"class":60},[50,126753,4017],{"class":752},[50,126755,408],{"class":68},[50,126757,2911],{"class":72},[50,126759,413],{"class":68},[50,126761,4026],{"class":60},[50,126763,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126765,4014],{"class":60},[50,126767,4017],{"class":752},[50,126769,408],{"class":68},[50,126771,4167],{"class":72},[50,126773,413],{"class":68},[50,126775,4026],{"class":60},[1112,126777,126779],{"id":126778},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126781,126782],{},"This causes a type error:",[41,126784,126786],{"className":43,"code":126785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126787,126788,126792,126797],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126789,126790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126791,126369],{"class":4385},[50,126793,126794],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126795,126796],{"class":4385},"# age = 10\n",[50,126798,126799],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126800,126801],{"class":4385},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126803,126804,126805,1408],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126806,48359],{},[41,126808,126810],{"className":43,"code":126809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126811,126812,126820,126842,126846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126813,126814,126816,126818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126815,22327],{"class":56},[50,126817,61],{"class":60},[50,126819,3309],{"class":111},[50,126821,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126823,90674],{"class":56},[50,126825,61],{"class":60},[50,126827,81],{"class":68},[50,126829,90092],{"class":72},[50,126831,69],{"class":68},[50,126833,3178],{"class":60},[50,126835,49580],{"class":371},[50,126837,155],{"class":64},[50,126839,1303],{"class":158},[50,126841,186],{"class":64},[50,126843,126844],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126845,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126847,126848,126850,126852,126854],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126849,366],{"class":151},[50,126851,155],{"class":64},[50,126853,90691],{"class":158},[50,126855,186],{"class":64},[20,126857,126858,126859,838],{},"For this specific error, see ",[335,126860,91073],{"href":91072},[1112,126862,61389],{"id":61388},[20,126864,126865],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[41,126867,126869],{"className":43,"code":126868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126870,126871,126883,126887,126897,126911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126872,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126874,35372],{"class":56},[50,126876,61],{"class":60},[50,126878,81],{"class":68},[50,126880,4568],{"class":72},[50,126882,4082],{"class":68},[50,126884,126885],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,126886,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,126890,366],{"class":151},[50,126892,155],{"class":64},[50,126894,35393],{"class":158},[50,126896,186],{"class":64},[50,126898,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,126900,366],{"class":151},[50,126902,155],{"class":64},[50,126904,3945],{"class":371},[50,126906,155],{"class":64},[50,126908,35393],{"class":158},[50,126910,1077],{"class":64},[50,126912,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,126914,366],{"class":151},[50,126916,155],{"class":64},[50,126918,42455],{"class":151},[50,126920,155],{"class":64},[50,126922,35393],{"class":158},[50,126924,1077],{"class":64},[233,126926,126927,126932,126937],{},[236,126928,126929,46954],{},[15,126930,126931],{},"print(text)",[236,126933,126934,46959],{},[15,126935,126936],{},"print(type(text))",[236,126938,126939,126942],{},[15,126940,126941],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[36,126944,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,126946,126948],{"id":126947},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126950,126951,126952,3602,126955,838],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126953,126954],{},"'hello'",[15,126956,65212],{},[1112,126958,126960],{"id":126959},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126962,126963],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1112,126965,126967],{"id":126966},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126969,221,126970,3602,126972,838],{},[15,126971,6985],{},[15,126973,4496],{},[1112,126975,126977],{"id":126976},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126979,221,126980,126982,126983,126985,126986,838],{},[15,126981,48359],{},", like ",[15,126984,81053],{},", which returns ",[15,126987,42802],{},[1112,126989,126991],{"id":126990},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126993,126994],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[36,126996,2610],{"id":2609},[233,126998,126999,127003,127009,127014,127023,127027],{},[236,127000,127001],{},[335,127002,125774],{"href":51652},[236,127004,127005],{},[335,127006,13,127007,2551],{"href":42851},[15,127008,48359],{},[236,127010,127011],{},[335,127012,127013],{"href":123944},"How to convert int to string in Python",[236,127015,127016],{},[335,127017,127019,127020,11442],{"href":127018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,127021,127022],{},"format()",[236,127024,127025],{},[335,127026,126460],{"href":126459},[236,127028,127029],{},[335,127030,91073],{"href":91072},[2640,127032,127033],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":127035},[127036,127037,127038,127039,127040,127041,127042,127043,127044,127053,127060],{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":125613,"depth":101,"text":125614},{"id":125777,"depth":101,"text":125778},{"id":125852,"depth":101,"text":125853},{"id":125952,"depth":101,"text":125953},{"id":126057,"depth":101,"text":126058},{"id":126235,"depth":101,"text":126236},{"id":126352,"depth":101,"text":126353},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":127045},[127046,127047,127048,127049,127051,127052],{"id":90880,"depth":127,"text":90881},{"id":126525,"depth":127,"text":126526},{"id":126608,"depth":127,"text":126609},{"id":126672,"depth":127,"text":127050},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126778,"depth":127,"text":126779},{"id":61388,"depth":127,"text":61389},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":127054},[127055,127056,127057,127058,127059],{"id":126947,"depth":127,"text":126948},{"id":126959,"depth":127,"text":126960},{"id":126966,"depth":127,"text":126967},{"id":126976,"depth":127,"text":126977},{"id":126990,"depth":127,"text":126991},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125475,"description":127061},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":127068,"title":127069,"body":127070,"description":128983,"extension":2687,"meta":128984,"navigation":130,"path":128985,"seo":128986,"stem":128987,"__hash__":128988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":127071,"toc":128944},[127072,127078,127083,127091,127093,127160,127162,127174,127183,127188,127192,127209,127211,127276,127278,127290,127295,127297,127325,127346,127349,127388,127390,127398,127402,127406,127410,127418,127421,127462,127464,127472,127475,127532,127534,127542,127546,127551,127595,127597,127605,127614,127618,127623,127671,127673,127681,127687,127689,127693,127705,127710,127789,127791,127811,127815,127819,127859,127861,127869,127873,127916,127918,127926,127930,127970,127972,127980,127984,128040,128042,128050,128056,128058,128062,128072,128139,128141,128154,128161,128204,128206,128214,128218,128221,128277,128279,128287,128290,128292,128369,128371,128379,128388,128390,128394,128398,128400,128422,128425,128472,128476,128515,128517,128525,128527,128569,128576,128581,128643,128645,128657,128663,128668,128717,128719,128738,128744,128746,128765,128767,128858,128860,128866,128873,128879,128885,128890,128898,128905,128913,128915,128941],[10,127073,124019,127075,12024],{"id":127074},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,127076,127077],{},"endswith()",[20,127079,124024,127080,127082],{},[15,127081,127077],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,127084,127085,127086,3602,127088,127090],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,127087,4326],{},[15,127089,4396],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[36,127092,39],{"id":38},[41,127094,127096],{"className":43,"code":127095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127097,127098,127112,127137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127099,127100,127103,127105,127107,127110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127101,127102],{"class":56},"filename ",[50,127104,61],{"class":60},[50,127106,81],{"class":68},[50,127108,127109],{"class":72},"report.csv",[50,127111,4082],{"class":68},[50,127113,127114,127116,127118,127121,127123,127126,127128,127130,127133,127135],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127115,366],{"class":151},[50,127117,155],{"class":64},[50,127119,127120],{"class":158},"filename",[50,127122,838],{"class":64},[50,127124,127125],{"class":158},"endswith",[50,127127,155],{"class":64},[50,127129,69],{"class":68},[50,127131,127132],{"class":72},".csv",[50,127134,69],{"class":68},[50,127136,1077],{"class":64},[50,127138,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149,127151,127153,127156,127158],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,127140,366],{"class":151},[50,127142,155],{"class":64},[50,127144,127120],{"class":158},[50,127146,838],{"class":64},[50,127148,127125],{"class":158},[50,127150,155],{"class":64},[50,127152,69],{"class":68},[50,127154,127155],{"class":72},".txt",[50,127157,69],{"class":68},[50,127159,1077],{"class":64},[20,127161,189],{},[41,127163,127164],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127165,127166,127170],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127167,127168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127169,1962],{"class":1806},[50,127171,127172],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127173,1967],{"class":1806},[20,127175,221,127176,6083,127178,3602,127180,127182],{},[15,127177,127077],{},[15,127179,4326],{},[15,127181,4396],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[36,127184,228,127186,231],{"id":127185},"what-endswith-does",[15,127187,127077],{},[20,127189,127190,1408],{},[15,127191,127077],{},[233,127193,127194,127197,127203,127206],{},[236,127195,127196],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[236,127198,12126,127199,3602,127201],{},[15,127200,4326],{},[15,127202,4396],{},[236,127204,127205],{},"Does not change the original string",[236,127207,127208],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,127210,2931],{},[41,127212,127214],{"className":43,"code":127213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,127215,127216,127228,127232,127254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127217,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127219,35372],{"class":56},[50,127221,61],{"class":60},[50,127223,81],{"class":68},[50,127225,61085],{"class":72},[50,127227,4082],{"class":68},[50,127229,127230],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127231,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,127235,366],{"class":151},[50,127237,155],{"class":64},[50,127239,35393],{"class":158},[50,127241,838],{"class":64},[50,127243,127125],{"class":158},[50,127245,155],{"class":64},[50,127247,69],{"class":68},[50,127249,61270],{"class":72},[50,127251,69],{"class":68},[50,127253,1077],{"class":64},[50,127255,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,127257,366],{"class":151},[50,127259,155],{"class":64},[50,127261,35393],{"class":158},[50,127263,838],{"class":64},[50,127265,127125],{"class":158},[50,127267,155],{"class":64},[50,127269,69],{"class":68},[50,127271,4568],{"class":72},[50,127273,69],{"class":68},[50,127275,1077],{"class":64},[20,127277,189],{},[41,127279,127280],{"className":43,"code":44851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127281,127282,127286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127283,127284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127285,1962],{"class":1806},[50,127287,127288],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127289,1967],{"class":1806},[20,127291,127292,127293,838],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[335,127294,125774],{"href":51652},[36,127296,256],{"id":255},[41,127298,127300],{"className":43,"code":127299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127301,127302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127303,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127305,61853],{"class":56},[50,127307,838],{"class":64},[50,127309,127125],{"class":158},[50,127311,155],{"class":64},[50,127313,127314],{"class":158},"suffix",[50,127316,78],{"class":64},[50,127318,36729],{"class":158},[50,127320,78],{"class":64},[50,127322,65718],{"class":158},[50,127324,186],{"class":64},[233,127326,127327,127332,127339],{},[236,127328,127329,127331],{},[15,127330,127314],{}," is required",[236,127333,127334,827,127336,127338],{},[15,127335,36750],{},[15,127337,53338],{}," are optional",[236,127340,127341,827,127343,127345],{},[15,127342,36750],{},[15,127344,53338],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127347,127348],{},"Basic example:",[41,127350,127352],{"className":43,"code":127351,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127353,127354,127366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127355,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127357,127102],{"class":56},[50,127359,61],{"class":60},[50,127361,81],{"class":68},[50,127363,87562],{"class":72},[50,127365,4082],{"class":68},[50,127367,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127369,366],{"class":151},[50,127371,155],{"class":64},[50,127373,127120],{"class":158},[50,127375,838],{"class":64},[50,127377,127125],{"class":158},[50,127379,155],{"class":64},[50,127381,69],{"class":68},[50,127383,127155],{"class":72},[50,127385,69],{"class":68},[50,127387,1077],{"class":64},[20,127389,189],{},[41,127391,127392],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127393,127394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127395,127396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127397,1962],{"class":1806},[36,127399,127401],{"id":127400},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1112,127403,127404],{"id":127314},[15,127405,127314],{},[20,127407,127408,31439],{},[15,127409,127314],{},[233,127411,127412,127415],{},[236,127413,127414],{},"A single string",[236,127416,127417],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127419,127420],{},"Single suffix:",[41,127422,127424],{"className":43,"code":127423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127425,127426,127439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127427,127428,127430,127432,127434,127437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127429,8589],{"class":56},[50,127431,61],{"class":60},[50,127433,81],{"class":68},[50,127435,127436],{"class":72},"image.png",[50,127438,4082],{"class":68},[50,127440,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127458,127460],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127442,366],{"class":151},[50,127444,155],{"class":64},[50,127446,178],{"class":158},[50,127448,838],{"class":64},[50,127450,127125],{"class":158},[50,127452,155],{"class":64},[50,127454,69],{"class":68},[50,127456,127457],{"class":72},".png",[50,127459,69],{"class":68},[50,127461,1077],{"class":64},[20,127463,189],{},[41,127465,127466],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127467,127468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127469,127470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127471,1962],{"class":1806},[20,127473,127474],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[41,127476,127478],{"className":43,"code":127477,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127479,127480,127492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127481,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127483,8589],{"class":56},[50,127485,61],{"class":60},[50,127487,81],{"class":68},[50,127489,127436],{"class":72},[50,127491,4082],{"class":68},[50,127493,127494,127496,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127528,127530],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127495,366],{"class":151},[50,127497,155],{"class":64},[50,127499,178],{"class":158},[50,127501,838],{"class":64},[50,127503,127125],{"class":158},[50,127505,6225],{"class":64},[50,127507,69],{"class":68},[50,127509,127510],{"class":72},".jpg",[50,127512,69],{"class":68},[50,127514,78],{"class":64},[50,127516,81],{"class":68},[50,127518,127457],{"class":72},[50,127520,69],{"class":68},[50,127522,78],{"class":64},[50,127524,81],{"class":68},[50,127526,127527],{"class":72},".gif",[50,127529,69],{"class":68},[50,127531,389],{"class":64},[20,127533,189],{},[41,127535,127536],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127537,127538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127539,127540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127541,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,127543,127544],{"id":36750},[15,127545,36750],{},[20,127547,127548,127550],{},[15,127549,36750],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[41,127552,127554],{"className":43,"code":127553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127555,127556,127569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127559,35372],{"class":56},[50,127561,61],{"class":60},[50,127563,81],{"class":68},[50,127565,127566],{"class":72},"my_report.csv",[50,127568,4082],{"class":68},[50,127570,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127572,366],{"class":151},[50,127574,155],{"class":64},[50,127576,35393],{"class":158},[50,127578,838],{"class":64},[50,127580,127125],{"class":158},[50,127582,155],{"class":64},[50,127584,69],{"class":68},[50,127586,127132],{"class":72},[50,127588,69],{"class":68},[50,127590,78],{"class":64},[50,127592,319],{"class":111},[50,127594,1077],{"class":64},[20,127596,189],{},[41,127598,127599],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127600,127601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127602,127603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127604,1962],{"class":1806},[20,127606,127607,127608,127610,127611,838],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127609,437],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127612,127613],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1112,127615,127616],{"id":53338},[15,127617,53338],{},[20,127619,127620,127622],{},[15,127621,53338],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[41,127624,127626],{"className":43,"code":127625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127627,127628,127641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127629,127630,127632,127634,127636,127639],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127631,35372],{"class":56},[50,127633,61],{"class":60},[50,127635,81],{"class":68},[50,127637,127638],{"class":72},"report.csv backup",[50,127640,4082],{"class":68},[50,127642,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127644,366],{"class":151},[50,127646,155],{"class":64},[50,127648,35393],{"class":158},[50,127650,838],{"class":64},[50,127652,127125],{"class":158},[50,127654,155],{"class":64},[50,127656,69],{"class":68},[50,127658,127132],{"class":72},[50,127660,69],{"class":68},[50,127662,78],{"class":64},[50,127664,4556],{"class":111},[50,127666,78],{"class":64},[50,127668,6717],{"class":111},[50,127670,1077],{"class":64},[20,127672,189],{},[41,127674,127675],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127676,127677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127678,127679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127680,1962],{"class":1806},[20,127682,127683,127684,127686],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127685,127613],{}," and ignores the rest.",[36,127688,18117],{"id":18116},[20,127690,127691,26199],{},[15,127692,127077],{},[233,127694,127695,127700],{},[236,127696,127697,127699],{},[15,127698,4326],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[236,127701,127702,127704],{},[15,127703,4396],{}," if it does not",[20,127706,127707,127708,7886],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127709,7711],{},[41,127711,127713],{"className":43,"code":127712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127714,127715,127728,127732,127753,127768,127774],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127718,127102],{"class":56},[50,127720,61],{"class":60},[50,127722,81],{"class":68},[50,127724,127725],{"class":72},"data.csv",[50,127727,4082],{"class":68},[50,127729,127730],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127731,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,127733,127734,127736,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,127735,7711],{"class":137},[50,127737,127738],{"class":56}," filename",[50,127740,838],{"class":64},[50,127742,127125],{"class":158},[50,127744,155],{"class":64},[50,127746,69],{"class":68},[50,127748,127132],{"class":72},[50,127750,69],{"class":68},[50,127752,167],{"class":64},[50,127754,127755,127757,127759,127761,127764,127766],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,127756,173],{"class":151},[50,127758,155],{"class":64},[50,127760,69],{"class":68},[50,127762,127763],{"class":72},"This is a CSV file.",[50,127765,69],{"class":68},[50,127767,186],{"class":64},[50,127769,127770,127772],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,127771,28124],{"class":137},[50,127773,2229],{"class":64},[50,127775,127776,127778,127780,127782,127785,127787],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,127777,173],{"class":151},[50,127779,155],{"class":64},[50,127781,69],{"class":68},[50,127783,127784],{"class":72},"This is not a CSV file.",[50,127786,69],{"class":68},[50,127788,186],{"class":64},[20,127790,189],{},[41,127792,127794],{"className":43,"code":127793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127795,127796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127797,127798,127800,127802,127804,127807,127809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127799,50555],{"class":56},[50,127801,12898],{"class":60},[50,127803,45222],{"class":56},[50,127805,127806],{"class":35138},"CSV",[50,127808,87303],{"class":87302},[50,127810,123051],{"class":64},[36,127812,127814],{"id":127813},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1112,127816,127818],{"id":127817},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[41,127820,127822],{"className":43,"code":127821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127823,127824,127837],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127825,127826,127828,127830,127832,127835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127827,127102],{"class":56},[50,127829,61],{"class":60},[50,127831,81],{"class":68},[50,127833,127834],{"class":72},"sales.csv",[50,127836,4082],{"class":68},[50,127838,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127840,366],{"class":151},[50,127842,155],{"class":64},[50,127844,127120],{"class":158},[50,127846,838],{"class":64},[50,127848,127125],{"class":158},[50,127850,155],{"class":64},[50,127852,69],{"class":68},[50,127854,127132],{"class":72},[50,127856,69],{"class":68},[50,127858,1077],{"class":64},[20,127860,189],{},[41,127862,127863],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127864,127865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127866,127867],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127868,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,127870,127872],{"id":127871},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[41,127874,127876],{"className":43,"code":127875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127877,127878,127892],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127879,127880,127883,127885,127887,127890],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127881,127882],{"class":56},"url ",[50,127884,61],{"class":60},[50,127886,81],{"class":68},[50,127888,127889],{"class":72},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[50,127891,4082],{"class":68},[50,127893,127894,127896,127898,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127912,127914],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127895,366],{"class":151},[50,127897,155],{"class":64},[50,127899,127900],{"class":158},"url",[50,127902,838],{"class":64},[50,127904,127125],{"class":158},[50,127906,155],{"class":64},[50,127908,69],{"class":68},[50,127910,127911],{"class":72},"\u002F",[50,127913,69],{"class":68},[50,127915,1077],{"class":64},[20,127917,189],{},[41,127919,127920],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127921,127922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127923,127924],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127925,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,127927,127929],{"id":127928},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[41,127931,127933],{"className":43,"code":127932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127934,127935,127948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127936,127937,127939,127941,127943,127946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127938,90674],{"class":56},[50,127940,61],{"class":60},[50,127942,81],{"class":68},[50,127944,127945],{"class":72},"Hello!",[50,127947,4082],{"class":68},[50,127949,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,127951,366],{"class":151},[50,127953,155],{"class":64},[50,127955,90691],{"class":158},[50,127957,838],{"class":64},[50,127959,127125],{"class":158},[50,127961,155],{"class":64},[50,127963,69],{"class":68},[50,127965,90515],{"class":72},[50,127967,69],{"class":68},[50,127969,1077],{"class":64},[20,127971,189],{},[41,127973,127974],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127975,127976],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127977,127978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127979,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,127981,127983],{"id":127982},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[41,127985,127987],{"className":43,"code":127986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127988,127989,128002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127990,127991,127993,127995,127997,128000],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127992,127102],{"class":56},[50,127994,61],{"class":60},[50,127996,81],{"class":68},[50,127998,127999],{"class":72},"photo.jpg",[50,128001,4082],{"class":68},[50,128003,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128005,366],{"class":151},[50,128007,155],{"class":64},[50,128009,127120],{"class":158},[50,128011,838],{"class":64},[50,128013,127125],{"class":158},[50,128015,6225],{"class":64},[50,128017,69],{"class":68},[50,128019,127510],{"class":72},[50,128021,69],{"class":68},[50,128023,78],{"class":64},[50,128025,81],{"class":68},[50,128027,127457],{"class":72},[50,128029,69],{"class":68},[50,128031,78],{"class":64},[50,128033,81],{"class":68},[50,128035,127527],{"class":72},[50,128037,69],{"class":68},[50,128039,389],{"class":64},[20,128041,189],{},[41,128043,128044],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128045,128046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128047,128048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128049,1962],{"class":1806},[20,128051,128052,128053,838],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[335,128054,128055],{"href":124274},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,128057,124666],{"id":124665},[20,128059,128060,124477],{},[15,128061,127077],{},[20,128063,128064,128065,827,128068,128071],{},"That means ",[15,128066,128067],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,128069,128070],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[41,128073,128075],{"className":43,"code":128074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,128076,128077,128090,128094,128116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128078,128079,128081,128083,128085,128088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128080,127102],{"class":56},[50,128082,61],{"class":60},[50,128084,81],{"class":68},[50,128086,128087],{"class":72},"REPORT.CSV",[50,128089,4082],{"class":68},[50,128091,128092],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128093,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,128095,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,128097,366],{"class":151},[50,128099,155],{"class":64},[50,128101,127120],{"class":158},[50,128103,838],{"class":64},[50,128105,127125],{"class":158},[50,128107,155],{"class":64},[50,128109,69],{"class":68},[50,128111,127132],{"class":72},[50,128113,69],{"class":68},[50,128115,1077],{"class":64},[50,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128135,128137],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,128119,366],{"class":151},[50,128121,155],{"class":64},[50,128123,127120],{"class":158},[50,128125,838],{"class":64},[50,128127,127125],{"class":158},[50,128129,155],{"class":64},[50,128131,69],{"class":68},[50,128133,128134],{"class":72},".CSV",[50,128136,69],{"class":68},[50,128138,1077],{"class":64},[20,128140,189],{},[41,128142,128144],{"className":43,"code":128143,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\n",[15,128145,128146,128150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128147,128148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128149,1967],{"class":1806},[50,128151,128152],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128153,1962],{"class":1806},[20,128155,128156,128157,838],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[335,128158,128159],{"href":124746},[15,128160,124749],{},[41,128162,128164],{"className":43,"code":128163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128165,128166,128178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128167,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128169,127102],{"class":56},[50,128171,61],{"class":60},[50,128173,81],{"class":68},[50,128175,128087],{"class":72},[50,128177,4082],{"class":68},[50,128179,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128181,366],{"class":151},[50,128183,155],{"class":64},[50,128185,127120],{"class":158},[50,128187,838],{"class":64},[50,128189,9351],{"class":158},[50,128191,9348],{"class":64},[50,128193,127125],{"class":158},[50,128195,155],{"class":64},[50,128197,69],{"class":68},[50,128199,127132],{"class":72},[50,128201,69],{"class":68},[50,128203,1077],{"class":64},[20,128205,189],{},[41,128207,128208],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128209,128210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128211,128212],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128213,1962],{"class":1806},[36,128215,128217],{"id":128216},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128219,128220],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[41,128222,128224],{"className":43,"code":128223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128225,128226,128239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128227,128228,128230,128232,128234,128237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128229,127102],{"class":56},[50,128231,61],{"class":60},[50,128233,81],{"class":68},[50,128235,128236],{"class":72},"picture.gif",[50,128238,4082],{"class":68},[50,128240,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128242,366],{"class":151},[50,128244,155],{"class":64},[50,128246,127120],{"class":158},[50,128248,838],{"class":64},[50,128250,127125],{"class":158},[50,128252,6225],{"class":64},[50,128254,69],{"class":68},[50,128256,127510],{"class":72},[50,128258,69],{"class":68},[50,128260,78],{"class":64},[50,128262,81],{"class":68},[50,128264,127457],{"class":72},[50,128266,69],{"class":68},[50,128268,78],{"class":64},[50,128270,81],{"class":68},[50,128272,127527],{"class":72},[50,128274,69],{"class":68},[50,128276,389],{"class":64},[20,128278,189],{},[41,128280,128281],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128282,128283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128284,128285],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128286,1962],{"class":1806},[20,128288,128289],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128291,52757],{},[41,128293,128295],{"className":43,"code":128294,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128296,128297,128310,128345,128349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128298,128299,128302,128304,128306,128308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128300,128301],{"class":56},"document ",[50,128303,61],{"class":60},[50,128305,81],{"class":68},[50,128307,87562],{"class":72},[50,128309,4082],{"class":68},[50,128311,128312,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128332,128334,128336,128338,128341,128343],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128313,128314],{"class":56},"allowed ",[50,128316,61],{"class":60},[50,128318,419],{"class":64},[50,128320,69],{"class":68},[50,128322,127155],{"class":72},[50,128324,69],{"class":68},[50,128326,78],{"class":64},[50,128328,81],{"class":68},[50,128330,128331],{"class":72},".md",[50,128333,69],{"class":68},[50,128335,78],{"class":64},[50,128337,81],{"class":68},[50,128339,128340],{"class":72},".docx",[50,128342,69],{"class":68},[50,128344,186],{"class":64},[50,128346,128347],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,128348,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,128350,128351,128353,128355,128358,128360,128362,128364,128367],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,128352,366],{"class":151},[50,128354,155],{"class":64},[50,128356,128357],{"class":158},"document",[50,128359,838],{"class":64},[50,128361,127125],{"class":158},[50,128363,155],{"class":64},[50,128365,128366],{"class":158},"allowed",[50,128368,1077],{"class":64},[20,128370,189],{},[41,128372,128373],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128374,128375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128376,128377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128378,1962],{"class":1806},[20,128380,128381,128382,838],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[335,128383,127019,128385,11442],{"href":128384},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128386,128387],{},"startswith()",[36,128389,3553],{"id":3552},[20,128391,9158,128392,838],{},[15,128393,127077],{},[1112,128395,128397],{"id":128396},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128399,5245],{},[41,128401,128403],{"className":43,"code":128402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128404,128405,128417],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128406,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128408,127102],{"class":56},[50,128410,61],{"class":60},[50,128412,81],{"class":68},[50,128414,127999],{"class":72},[50,128416,4082],{"class":68},[50,128418,128419],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128420,128421],{"class":4385},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128423,128424],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[41,128426,128428],{"className":43,"code":128427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128429,128430,128442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128431,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128433,127102],{"class":56},[50,128435,61],{"class":60},[50,128437,81],{"class":68},[50,128439,127999],{"class":72},[50,128441,4082],{"class":68},[50,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128445,366],{"class":151},[50,128447,155],{"class":64},[50,128449,127120],{"class":158},[50,128451,838],{"class":64},[50,128453,127125],{"class":158},[50,128455,6225],{"class":64},[50,128457,69],{"class":68},[50,128459,127510],{"class":72},[50,128461,69],{"class":68},[50,128463,78],{"class":64},[50,128465,81],{"class":68},[50,128467,127457],{"class":72},[50,128469,69],{"class":68},[50,128471,389],{"class":64},[1112,128473,128475],{"id":128474},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[41,128477,128479],{"className":43,"code":128478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128480,128481,128493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128482,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128484,127102],{"class":56},[50,128486,61],{"class":60},[50,128488,81],{"class":68},[50,128490,128087],{"class":72},[50,128492,4082],{"class":68},[50,128494,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128496,366],{"class":151},[50,128498,155],{"class":64},[50,128500,127120],{"class":158},[50,128502,838],{"class":64},[50,128504,127125],{"class":158},[50,128506,155],{"class":64},[50,128508,69],{"class":68},[50,128510,127132],{"class":72},[50,128512,69],{"class":68},[50,128514,1077],{"class":64},[20,128516,189],{},[41,128518,128519],{"className":43,"code":1967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128520,128521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128522,128523],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128524,1967],{"class":1806},[20,128526,39938],{},[41,128528,128529],{"className":43,"code":128163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128530,128531,128543],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128534,127102],{"class":56},[50,128536,61],{"class":60},[50,128538,81],{"class":68},[50,128540,128087],{"class":72},[50,128542,4082],{"class":68},[50,128544,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128546,366],{"class":151},[50,128548,155],{"class":64},[50,128550,127120],{"class":158},[50,128552,838],{"class":64},[50,128554,9351],{"class":158},[50,128556,9348],{"class":64},[50,128558,127125],{"class":158},[50,128560,155],{"class":64},[50,128562,69],{"class":68},[50,128564,127132],{"class":72},[50,128566,69],{"class":68},[50,128568,1077],{"class":64},[1112,128570,37881,128572,9416,128574],{"id":128571},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128573,127077],{},[15,128575,148],{},[20,128577,128578,128580],{},[15,128579,127077],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[41,128582,128584],{"className":43,"code":128583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128585,128586,128599,128603,128625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594,128597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128589,35372],{"class":56},[50,128591,61],{"class":60},[50,128593,81],{"class":68},[50,128595,128596],{"class":72},"my_report.csv.backup",[50,128598,4082],{"class":68},[50,128600,128601],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128602,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,128606,366],{"class":151},[50,128608,155],{"class":64},[50,128610,35393],{"class":158},[50,128612,838],{"class":64},[50,128614,127125],{"class":158},[50,128616,155],{"class":64},[50,128618,69],{"class":68},[50,128620,127132],{"class":72},[50,128622,69],{"class":68},[50,128624,1077],{"class":64},[50,128626,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,128628,366],{"class":151},[50,128630,155],{"class":64},[50,128632,69],{"class":68},[50,128634,127132],{"class":72},[50,128636,69],{"class":68},[50,128638,21872],{"class":137},[50,128640,43518],{"class":158},[50,128642,186],{"class":64},[20,128644,189],{},[41,128646,128647],{"className":43,"code":128143,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,128648,128649,128653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128650,128651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128652,1967],{"class":1806},[50,128654,128655],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128656,1962],{"class":1806},[1112,128658,2120,128660,128662],{"id":128659},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128661,127077],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128664,128665,128667],{},[15,128666,127077],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[41,128669,128671],{"className":43,"code":128670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128672,128673,128685,128707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128674,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128676,127102],{"class":56},[50,128678,61],{"class":60},[50,128680,81],{"class":68},[50,128682,127109],{"class":72},[50,128684,4082],{"class":68},[50,128686,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128688,366],{"class":151},[50,128690,155],{"class":64},[50,128692,127120],{"class":158},[50,128694,838],{"class":64},[50,128696,127125],{"class":158},[50,128698,155],{"class":64},[50,128700,69],{"class":68},[50,128702,127132],{"class":72},[50,128704,69],{"class":68},[50,128706,1077],{"class":64},[50,128708,128709,128711,128713,128715],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,128710,366],{"class":151},[50,128712,155],{"class":64},[50,128714,127120],{"class":158},[50,128716,186],{"class":64},[20,128718,189],{},[41,128720,128722],{"className":43,"code":128721,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128723,128724,128728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128725,128726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128727,1962],{"class":1806},[50,128729,128730,128733,128735],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128731,128732],{"class":56},"report",[50,128734,838],{"class":64},[50,128736,128737],{"class":25443},"csv\n",[20,128739,128740,128741,838],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[335,128742,128743],{"href":125187},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128745,66741],{},[233,128747,128748,128751,128754,128757],{},[236,128749,128750],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[236,128752,128753],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[236,128755,128756],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[236,128758,2447,128759,45307,128761,3602,128763,112217],{},[15,128760,127077],{},[15,128762,125190],{},[15,128764,42329],{},[20,128766,30825],{},[41,128768,128770],{"className":43,"code":128769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128771,128772,128782,128796,128818,128844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128773,128774,128776,128778,128780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128775,366],{"class":151},[50,128777,155],{"class":64},[50,128779,35393],{"class":158},[50,128781,186],{"class":64},[50,128783,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,128785,366],{"class":151},[50,128787,155],{"class":64},[50,128789,42455],{"class":151},[50,128791,155],{"class":64},[50,128793,35393],{"class":158},[50,128795,1077],{"class":64},[50,128797,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,128799,366],{"class":151},[50,128801,155],{"class":64},[50,128803,35393],{"class":158},[50,128805,838],{"class":64},[50,128807,127125],{"class":158},[50,128809,155],{"class":64},[50,128811,413],{"class":68},[50,128813,127132],{"class":72},[50,128815,413],{"class":68},[50,128817,1077],{"class":64},[50,128819,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,128821,366],{"class":151},[50,128823,155],{"class":64},[50,128825,35393],{"class":158},[50,128827,838],{"class":64},[50,128829,9351],{"class":158},[50,128831,9348],{"class":64},[50,128833,127125],{"class":158},[50,128835,155],{"class":64},[50,128837,413],{"class":68},[50,128839,127132],{"class":72},[50,128841,413],{"class":68},[50,128843,1077],{"class":64},[50,128845,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,128847,366],{"class":151},[50,128849,155],{"class":64},[50,128851,3945],{"class":371},[50,128853,155],{"class":64},[50,128855,35393],{"class":158},[50,128857,1077],{"class":64},[36,128859,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,128861,2569,128863,128865],{"id":128862},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128864,127077],{}," change the string?",[20,128867,128868,128869,3602,128871,838],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128870,4326],{},[15,128872,4396],{},[1112,128874,5883,128876,128878],{"id":128875},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128877,127077],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128880,128881,128882,838],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128883,128884],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1112,128886,15605,128888,125355],{"id":128887},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128889,127077],{},[20,128891,2596,128892,3602,128894,128897],{},[15,128893,124749],{},[15,128895,128896],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1112,128899,5893,128901,827,128903,2582],{"id":128900},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128902,127077],{},[15,128904,125014],{},[20,128906,128907,128909,128910,128912],{},[15,128908,127077],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128911,125014],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[36,128914,2610],{"id":2609},[233,128916,128917,128923,128929,128933,128937],{},[236,128918,128919],{},[335,128920,127019,128921,11442],{"href":128384},[15,128922,128387],{},[236,128924,128925],{},[335,128926,127019,128927,11442],{"href":124746},[15,128928,124749],{},[236,128930,128931],{},[335,128932,125418],{"href":124274},[236,128934,128935],{},[335,128936,125425],{"href":125187},[236,128938,128939],{},[335,128940,125774],{"href":51652},[2640,128942,128943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":128945},[128946,128947,128949,128950,128955,128956,128962,128963,128964,128972,128982],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":127185,"depth":101,"text":128948},"What endswith() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":127400,"depth":101,"text":127401,"children":128951},[128952,128953,128954],{"id":127314,"depth":127,"text":127314},{"id":36750,"depth":127,"text":36750},{"id":53338,"depth":127,"text":53338},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":127813,"depth":101,"text":127814,"children":128957},[128958,128959,128960,128961],{"id":127817,"depth":127,"text":127818},{"id":127871,"depth":127,"text":127872},{"id":127928,"depth":127,"text":127929},{"id":127982,"depth":127,"text":127983},{"id":124665,"depth":101,"text":124666},{"id":128216,"depth":101,"text":128217},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":128965},[128966,128967,128968,128970],{"id":128396,"depth":127,"text":128397},{"id":128474,"depth":127,"text":128475},{"id":128571,"depth":127,"text":128969},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128659,"depth":127,"text":128971},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":128973},[128974,128976,128978,128980],{"id":128862,"depth":127,"text":128975},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128875,"depth":127,"text":128977},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128887,"depth":127,"text":128979},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128900,"depth":127,"text":128981},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":127069,"description":128983},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128990,"title":128991,"body":128992,"description":130660,"extension":2687,"meta":130661,"navigation":130,"path":130662,"seo":130663,"stem":130664,"__hash__":130665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128993,"toc":130633},[128994,128999,129004,129009,129014,129107,129117,129122,129127,129142,129144,129226,129234,129236,129238,129265,129267,129283,129290,129292,129400,129402,129407,129423,129425,129520,129528,129531,129537,129542,129547,129554,129693,129696,129709,129711,129715,129722,129792,129795,129844,129851,129858,129872,129877,129882,129928,129974,129990,129992,129997,130011,130014,130136,130141,130143,130148,130181,130184,130260,130262,130271,130285,130288,130372,130375,130486,130489,130517,130519,130526,130530,130536,130539,130545,130548,130555,130566,130572,130579,130581,130630],[10,128995,124019,128997,12024],{"id":128996},"python-string-find-method",[15,128998,125014],{},[20,129000,124024,129001,129003],{},[15,129002,125014],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,129005,129006,129007,838],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,129008,66532],{},[20,129010,221,129011,129013],{},[15,129012,125014],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[41,129015,129017],{"className":43,"code":129016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,129018,129019,129031,129054,129067,129071,129094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129020,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129022,35372],{"class":56},[50,129024,61],{"class":60},[50,129026,81],{"class":68},[50,129028,61085],{"class":72},[50,129030,4082],{"class":68},[50,129032,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129034,65597],{"class":56},[50,129036,61],{"class":60},[50,129038,43518],{"class":56},[50,129040,838],{"class":64},[50,129042,129043],{"class":158},"find",[50,129045,155],{"class":64},[50,129047,69],{"class":68},[50,129049,61270],{"class":72},[50,129051,69],{"class":68},[50,129053,186],{"class":64},[50,129055,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129057,366],{"class":151},[50,129059,155],{"class":64},[50,129061,65624],{"class":158},[50,129063,4382],{"class":64},[50,129065,129066],{"class":4385},"   # 6\n",[50,129068,129069],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129070,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129072,129073,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,129074,129075],{"class":56},"missing ",[50,129077,61],{"class":60},[50,129079,43518],{"class":56},[50,129081,838],{"class":64},[50,129083,129043],{"class":158},[50,129085,155],{"class":64},[50,129087,69],{"class":68},[50,129089,45],{"class":72},[50,129091,69],{"class":68},[50,129093,186],{"class":64},[50,129095,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,129097,366],{"class":151},[50,129099,155],{"class":64},[50,129101,27464],{"class":158},[50,129103,4382],{"class":64},[50,129105,129106],{"class":4385},"    # -1\n",[44257,129108,129109],{},[20,129110,221,129111,129113,129114,129116],{},[15,129112,125014],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,129115,66532],{}," if the substring is not found.",[36,129118,228,129120,231],{"id":129119},"what-find-does",[15,129121,125014],{},[20,129123,129124,129126],{},[15,129125,125014],{}," is a string method that:",[233,129128,129129,129132,129135,129140],{},[236,129130,129131],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[236,129133,129134],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[236,129136,12126,129137,129139],{},[15,129138,66532],{}," if no match is found",[236,129141,127205],{},[20,129143,2931],{},[41,129145,129147],{"className":43,"code":129146,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,129148,129149,129161,129165,129189,129213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129150,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129152,35372],{"class":56},[50,129154,61],{"class":60},[50,129156,81],{"class":68},[50,129158,4806],{"class":72},[50,129160,4082],{"class":68},[50,129162,129163],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129164,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129166,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129168,366],{"class":151},[50,129170,155],{"class":64},[50,129172,35393],{"class":158},[50,129174,838],{"class":64},[50,129176,129043],{"class":158},[50,129178,155],{"class":64},[50,129180,69],{"class":68},[50,129182,124112],{"class":72},[50,129184,69],{"class":68},[50,129186,6075],{"class":64},[50,129188,58323],{"class":4385},[50,129190,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209,129211],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129192,366],{"class":151},[50,129194,155],{"class":64},[50,129196,35393],{"class":158},[50,129198,838],{"class":64},[50,129200,129043],{"class":158},[50,129202,155],{"class":64},[50,129204,69],{"class":68},[50,129206,2896],{"class":72},[50,129208,69],{"class":68},[50,129210,6075],{"class":64},[50,129212,129106],{"class":4385},[50,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,129216,366],{"class":151},[50,129218,155],{"class":64},[50,129220,35393],{"class":158},[50,129222,4382],{"class":64},[50,129224,129225],{"class":4385},"              # banana\n",[20,129227,21469,129228,129231,129232,838],{},[15,129229,129230],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129233,422],{},[36,129235,256],{"id":255},[20,129237,2882],{},[41,129239,129241],{"className":43,"code":129240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129242,129243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129244,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129246,61853],{"class":56},[50,129248,838],{"class":64},[50,129250,129043],{"class":158},[50,129252,155],{"class":64},[50,129254,3197],{"class":158},[50,129256,78],{"class":64},[50,129258,36729],{"class":158},[50,129260,78],{"class":64},[50,129262,65718],{"class":158},[50,129264,186],{"class":64},[1112,129266,18093],{"id":18092},[233,129268,129269,129273,129278],{},[236,129270,129271,124211],{},[15,129272,3197],{},[236,129274,129275,129277],{},[15,129276,36750],{},": optional starting position",[236,129279,129280,129282],{},[15,129281,53338],{},": optional ending position",[20,129284,129285,827,129287,129289],{},[15,129286,36750],{},[15,129288,53338],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129291,127348],{},[41,129293,129295],{"className":43,"code":129294,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129296,129297,129309,129313,129338,129367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129298,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129300,35372],{"class":56},[50,129302,61],{"class":60},[50,129304,81],{"class":68},[50,129306,61085],{"class":72},[50,129308,4082],{"class":68},[50,129310,129311],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129312,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129314,129315,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129316,366],{"class":151},[50,129318,155],{"class":64},[50,129320,35393],{"class":158},[50,129322,838],{"class":64},[50,129324,129043],{"class":158},[50,129326,155],{"class":64},[50,129328,69],{"class":68},[50,129330,61152],{"class":72},[50,129332,69],{"class":68},[50,129334,6075],{"class":64},[50,129336,129337],{"class":4385},"        # 4\n",[50,129339,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129341,366],{"class":151},[50,129343,155],{"class":64},[50,129345,35393],{"class":158},[50,129347,838],{"class":64},[50,129349,129043],{"class":158},[50,129351,155],{"class":64},[50,129353,69],{"class":68},[50,129355,61152],{"class":72},[50,129357,69],{"class":68},[50,129359,78],{"class":64},[50,129361,5325],{"class":111},[50,129363,6075],{"class":64},[50,129365,129366],{"class":4385},"     # 7\n",[50,129368,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,129370,366],{"class":151},[50,129372,155],{"class":64},[50,129374,35393],{"class":158},[50,129376,838],{"class":64},[50,129378,129043],{"class":158},[50,129380,155],{"class":64},[50,129382,69],{"class":68},[50,129384,61152],{"class":72},[50,129386,69],{"class":68},[50,129388,78],{"class":64},[50,129390,5325],{"class":111},[50,129392,78],{"class":64},[50,129394,6706],{"class":111},[50,129396,6075],{"class":64},[50,129398,129399],{"class":4385},"  # -1\n",[36,129401,38698],{"id":38697},[20,129403,58222,129404,129406],{},[15,129405,125014],{}," is always an integer.",[233,129408,129409,129415,129418],{},[236,129410,129411,129412,129414],{},"A number ",[15,129413,2842],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[236,129416,129417],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[236,129419,129420,129422],{},[15,129421,66532],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129424,2931],{},[41,129426,129428],{"className":43,"code":129427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129429,129430,129442,129446,129471,129496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129431,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129433,35372],{"class":56},[50,129435,61],{"class":60},[50,129437,81],{"class":68},[50,129439,45],{"class":72},[50,129441,4082],{"class":68},[50,129443,129444],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129445,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129447,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129465,129467,129469],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129449,366],{"class":151},[50,129451,155],{"class":64},[50,129453,35393],{"class":158},[50,129455,838],{"class":64},[50,129457,129043],{"class":158},[50,129459,155],{"class":64},[50,129461,69],{"class":68},[50,129463,129464],{"class":72},"py",[50,129466,69],{"class":68},[50,129468,6075],{"class":64},[50,129470,21466],{"class":4385},[50,129472,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129490,129492,129494],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129474,366],{"class":151},[50,129476,155],{"class":64},[50,129478,35393],{"class":158},[50,129480,838],{"class":64},[50,129482,129043],{"class":158},[50,129484,155],{"class":64},[50,129486,69],{"class":68},[50,129488,129489],{"class":72},"th",[50,129491,69],{"class":68},[50,129493,6075],{"class":64},[50,129495,58323],{"class":4385},[50,129497,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,129499,366],{"class":151},[50,129501,155],{"class":64},[50,129503,35393],{"class":158},[50,129505,838],{"class":64},[50,129507,129043],{"class":158},[50,129509,155],{"class":64},[50,129511,69],{"class":68},[50,129513,22775],{"class":72},[50,129515,69],{"class":68},[50,129517,6075],{"class":64},[50,129519,129106],{"class":4385},[20,129521,90577,129522,9166,129524,3602,129526,838],{},[15,129523,125014],{},[15,129525,4326],{},[15,129527,4396],{},[20,129529,129530],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[36,129532,2447,129533,827,129535],{"id":66084},[15,129534,36750],{},[15,129536,53338],{},[20,129538,221,129539,129541],{},[15,129540,36750],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129543,221,129544,129546],{},[15,129545,53338],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129548,2704,129549,76135,129551,129553],{},[15,129550,53338],{},[4465,129552,65747],{}," in the search.",[41,129555,129557],{"className":43,"code":129556,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129558,129559,129572,129576,129600,129629,129661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129562,35372],{"class":56},[50,129564,61],{"class":60},[50,129566,81],{"class":68},[50,129568,129569],{"class":72},"one two three two",[50,129571,4082],{"class":68},[50,129573,129574],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129575,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129577,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129579,366],{"class":151},[50,129581,155],{"class":64},[50,129583,35393],{"class":158},[50,129585,838],{"class":64},[50,129587,129043],{"class":158},[50,129589,155],{"class":64},[50,129591,69],{"class":68},[50,129593,79944],{"class":72},[50,129595,69],{"class":68},[50,129597,6075],{"class":64},[50,129599,129337],{"class":4385},[50,129601,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129603,366],{"class":151},[50,129605,155],{"class":64},[50,129607,35393],{"class":158},[50,129609,838],{"class":64},[50,129611,129043],{"class":158},[50,129613,155],{"class":64},[50,129615,69],{"class":68},[50,129617,79944],{"class":72},[50,129619,69],{"class":68},[50,129621,78],{"class":64},[50,129623,5325],{"class":111},[50,129625,6075],{"class":64},[50,129627,129628],{"class":4385},"     # 14\n",[50,129630,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,129632,366],{"class":151},[50,129634,155],{"class":64},[50,129636,35393],{"class":158},[50,129638,838],{"class":64},[50,129640,129043],{"class":158},[50,129642,155],{"class":64},[50,129644,69],{"class":68},[50,129646,79944],{"class":72},[50,129648,69],{"class":68},[50,129650,78],{"class":64},[50,129652,4556],{"class":111},[50,129654,78],{"class":64},[50,129656,6706],{"class":111},[50,129658,6075],{"class":64},[50,129660,51612],{"class":4385},[50,129662,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,129664,366],{"class":151},[50,129666,155],{"class":64},[50,129668,35393],{"class":158},[50,129670,838],{"class":64},[50,129672,129043],{"class":158},[50,129674,155],{"class":64},[50,129676,69],{"class":68},[50,129678,79944],{"class":72},[50,129680,69],{"class":68},[50,129682,78],{"class":64},[50,129684,4556],{"class":111},[50,129686,78],{"class":64},[50,129688,3181],{"class":111},[50,129690,6075],{"class":64},[50,129692,129399],{"class":4385},[20,129694,129695],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129697,129698,129699,55747,129703,838],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[335,129700,129702],{"href":129701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[335,129704,129706,129708],{"href":129705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129707,61210],{}," string method",[36,129710,124666],{"id":124665},[20,129712,129713,124477],{},[15,129714,125014],{},[20,129716,128064,129717,827,129719,129721],{},[15,129718,91085],{},[15,129720,65212],{}," are treated as different text.",[41,129723,129725],{"className":43,"code":129724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129726,129727,129740,129744,129768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129730,35372],{"class":56},[50,129732,61],{"class":60},[50,129734,81],{"class":68},[50,129736,129737],{"class":72},"Hello World",[50,129739,4082],{"class":68},[50,129741,129742],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129743,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129745,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129747,366],{"class":151},[50,129749,155],{"class":64},[50,129751,35393],{"class":158},[50,129753,838],{"class":64},[50,129755,129043],{"class":158},[50,129757,155],{"class":64},[50,129759,69],{"class":68},[50,129761,35552],{"class":72},[50,129763,69],{"class":68},[50,129765,6075],{"class":64},[50,129767,51924],{"class":4385},[50,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,129771,366],{"class":151},[50,129773,155],{"class":64},[50,129775,35393],{"class":158},[50,129777,838],{"class":64},[50,129779,129043],{"class":158},[50,129781,155],{"class":64},[50,129783,69],{"class":68},[50,129785,4568],{"class":72},[50,129787,69],{"class":68},[50,129789,6075],{"class":64},[50,129791,129399],{"class":4385},[20,129793,129794],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[41,129796,129798],{"className":43,"code":129797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129799,129800,129812,129816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129801,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129803,35372],{"class":56},[50,129805,61],{"class":60},[50,129807,81],{"class":68},[50,129809,129737],{"class":72},[50,129811,4082],{"class":68},[50,129813,129814],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129815,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129817,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129819,366],{"class":151},[50,129821,155],{"class":64},[50,129823,35393],{"class":158},[50,129825,838],{"class":64},[50,129827,9351],{"class":158},[50,129829,9348],{"class":64},[50,129831,129043],{"class":158},[50,129833,155],{"class":64},[50,129835,69],{"class":68},[50,129837,4568],{"class":72},[50,129839,69],{"class":68},[50,129841,6075],{"class":64},[50,129843,51924],{"class":4385},[36,129845,129847,11286,129849],{"id":129846},"find-vs-index",[15,129848,125014],{},[15,129850,59646],{},[20,129852,129853,827,129855,129857],{},[15,129854,125014],{},[15,129856,59646],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[233,129859,129860,129866],{},[236,129861,129862,3121,129864],{},[15,129863,125014],{},[15,129865,66532],{},[236,129867,129868,53172,129870],{},[15,129869,59646],{},[15,129871,41381],{},[20,129873,221,129874,129876],{},[15,129875,125014],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129878,221,129879,129881],{},[15,129880,59646],{}," when the value must exist.",[41,129883,129885],{"className":43,"code":129884,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129886,129887,129899,129903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129888,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129890,35372],{"class":56},[50,129892,61],{"class":60},[50,129894,81],{"class":68},[50,129896,4568],{"class":72},[50,129898,4082],{"class":68},[50,129900,129901],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129902,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129904,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129906,366],{"class":151},[50,129908,155],{"class":64},[50,129910,35393],{"class":158},[50,129912,838],{"class":64},[50,129914,129043],{"class":158},[50,129916,155],{"class":64},[50,129918,69],{"class":68},[50,129920,2896],{"class":72},[50,129922,69],{"class":68},[50,129924,6075],{"class":64},[50,129926,129927],{"class":4385},"   # -1\n",[41,129929,129931],{"className":43,"code":129930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129932,129933,129945,129949],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129934,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129936,35372],{"class":56},[50,129938,61],{"class":60},[50,129940,81],{"class":68},[50,129942,4568],{"class":72},[50,129944,4082],{"class":68},[50,129946,129947],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,129948,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,129950,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,129952,366],{"class":151},[50,129954,155],{"class":64},[50,129956,35393],{"class":158},[50,129958,838],{"class":64},[50,129960,2536],{"class":158},[50,129962,155],{"class":64},[50,129964,69],{"class":68},[50,129966,2896],{"class":72},[50,129968,69],{"class":68},[50,129970,6075],{"class":64},[50,129972,129973],{"class":4385},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129975,129976,129977,129981,129982,129984,129985,838],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[335,129978,129979,129708],{"href":125039},[15,129980,59646],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129983,59646],{},", read ",[335,129986,26370,129987],{"href":74155},[15,129988,129989],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[36,129991,1616],{"id":1615},[20,129993,36091,129994,129996],{},[15,129995,125014],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[233,129998,129999,130002,130005,130008],{},[236,130000,130001],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[236,130003,130004],{},"Get the position of a word",[236,130006,130007],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[236,130009,130010],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,130012,130013],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[41,130015,130017],{"className":43,"code":130016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,130018,130019,130032,130055,130059,130074,130090,130109,130123],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130020,130021,130023,130025,130027,130030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130022,35372],{"class":56},[50,130024,61],{"class":60},[50,130026,81],{"class":68},[50,130028,130029],{"class":72},"name:Alice",[50,130031,4082],{"class":68},[50,130033,130034,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130035,130036],{"class":56},"colon_pos ",[50,130038,61],{"class":60},[50,130040,43518],{"class":56},[50,130042,838],{"class":64},[50,130044,129043],{"class":158},[50,130046,155],{"class":64},[50,130048,69],{"class":68},[50,130050,1408],{"class":72},[50,130052,69],{"class":68},[50,130054,186],{"class":64},[50,130056,130057],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130058,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,130060,130061,130063,130066,130068,130070,130072],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130062,7711],{"class":137},[50,130064,130065],{"class":56}," colon_pos ",[50,130067,73265],{"class":60},[50,130069,2946],{"class":60},[50,130071,309],{"class":111},[50,130073,2229],{"class":64},[50,130075,130076,130079,130081,130083,130085,130088],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130077,130078],{"class":56},"    label ",[50,130080,61],{"class":60},[50,130082,43518],{"class":56},[50,130084,76208],{"class":64},[50,130086,130087],{"class":56},"colon_pos",[50,130089,98],{"class":64},[50,130091,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,130093,28091],{"class":56},[50,130095,61],{"class":60},[50,130097,43518],{"class":56},[50,130099,4620],{"class":64},[50,130101,130036],{"class":56},[50,130103,2783],{"class":60},[50,130105,6212],{"class":111},[50,130107,130108],{"class":64},":]\n",[50,130110,130111,130113,130115,130118,130120],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,130112,173],{"class":151},[50,130114,155],{"class":64},[50,130116,130117],{"class":158},"label",[50,130119,4382],{"class":64},[50,130121,130122],{"class":4385},"  # name\n",[50,130124,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,130126,173],{"class":151},[50,130128,155],{"class":64},[50,130130,3197],{"class":158},[50,130132,4382],{"class":64},[50,130134,130135],{"class":4385},"  # Alice\n",[20,130137,130138,130139,838],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[335,130140,128055],{"href":124274},[36,130142,3553],{"id":3552},[20,130144,130145,130146,1408],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,130147,125014],{},[233,130149,130150,130159,130165,130170,130176],{},[236,130151,2120,130152,9166,130154,3602,130156,130158],{},[15,130153,125014],{},[15,130155,4326],{},[15,130157,4396],{}," instead of an index",[236,130160,130161,130162,130164],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,130163,66532],{}," when the substring is missing",[236,130166,2447,130167,130169],{},[15,130168,125014],{}," without handling case differences",[236,130171,37881,130172,9416,130174],{},[15,130173,125014],{},[15,130175,59646],{},[236,130177,5299,130178,130180],{},[15,130179,125014],{}," changes the string",[20,130182,130183],{},"Example of a mistake:",[41,130185,130187],{"className":43,"code":130186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130188,130189,130201,130205,130225,130240,130246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130190,130191,130193,130195,130197,130199],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130192,35372],{"class":56},[50,130194,61],{"class":60},[50,130196,81],{"class":68},[50,130198,4568],{"class":72},[50,130200,4082],{"class":68},[50,130202,130203],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130204,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,130206,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130208,7711],{"class":137},[50,130210,43518],{"class":56},[50,130212,838],{"class":64},[50,130214,129043],{"class":158},[50,130216,155],{"class":64},[50,130218,69],{"class":68},[50,130220,61117],{"class":72},[50,130222,69],{"class":68},[50,130224,167],{"class":64},[50,130226,130227,130229,130231,130233,130236,130238],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130228,173],{"class":151},[50,130230,155],{"class":64},[50,130232,69],{"class":68},[50,130234,130235],{"class":72},"Found",[50,130237,69],{"class":68},[50,130239,186],{"class":64},[50,130241,130242,130244],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130243,28124],{"class":137},[50,130245,2229],{"class":64},[50,130247,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,130249,173],{"class":151},[50,130251,155],{"class":64},[50,130253,69],{"class":68},[50,130255,27006],{"class":72},[50,130257,69],{"class":68},[50,130259,186],{"class":64},[20,130261,100581],{},[41,130263,130265],{"className":43,"code":130264,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Not found\n",[15,130266,130267],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130268,130269],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130270,130264],{"class":56},[20,130272,46379,130273,130276,130277,17772,130279,130281,130282,130284],{},[15,130274,130275],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130278,2842],{},[15,130280,2842],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130283,7711],{}," statement.",[20,130286,130287],{},"A safer version is:",[41,130289,130291],{"className":43,"code":130290,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130292,130293,130305,130309,130338,130352,130358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130294,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130296,35372],{"class":56},[50,130298,61],{"class":60},[50,130300,81],{"class":68},[50,130302,4568],{"class":72},[50,130304,4082],{"class":68},[50,130306,130307],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130308,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,130310,130311,130313,130315,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130332,130334,130336],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130312,7711],{"class":137},[50,130314,43518],{"class":56},[50,130316,838],{"class":64},[50,130318,129043],{"class":158},[50,130320,155],{"class":64},[50,130322,69],{"class":68},[50,130324,61117],{"class":72},[50,130326,69],{"class":68},[50,130328,4382],{"class":64},[50,130330,130331],{"class":60}," !=",[50,130333,2946],{"class":60},[50,130335,309],{"class":111},[50,130337,2229],{"class":64},[50,130339,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348,130350],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130341,173],{"class":151},[50,130343,155],{"class":64},[50,130345,69],{"class":68},[50,130347,130235],{"class":72},[50,130349,69],{"class":68},[50,130351,186],{"class":64},[50,130353,130354,130356],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130355,28124],{"class":137},[50,130357,2229],{"class":64},[50,130359,130360,130362,130364,130366,130368,130370],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,130361,173],{"class":151},[50,130363,155],{"class":64},[50,130365,69],{"class":68},[50,130367,27006],{"class":72},[50,130369,69],{"class":68},[50,130371,186],{"class":64},[20,130373,130374],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[41,130376,130378],{"className":43,"code":130377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130379,130380,130402,130416,130442,130456],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130381,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130383,366],{"class":151},[50,130385,155],{"class":64},[50,130387,35393],{"class":158},[50,130389,838],{"class":64},[50,130391,129043],{"class":158},[50,130393,155],{"class":64},[50,130395,413],{"class":68},[50,130397,39067],{"class":72},[50,130399,413],{"class":68},[50,130401,1077],{"class":64},[50,130403,130404,130406,130408,130410,130412,130414],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130405,366],{"class":151},[50,130407,155],{"class":64},[50,130409,42455],{"class":151},[50,130411,155],{"class":64},[50,130413,35393],{"class":158},[50,130415,1077],{"class":64},[50,130417,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130419,366],{"class":151},[50,130421,155],{"class":64},[50,130423,35393],{"class":158},[50,130425,838],{"class":64},[50,130427,9351],{"class":158},[50,130429,9348],{"class":64},[50,130431,129043],{"class":158},[50,130433,155],{"class":64},[50,130435,413],{"class":68},[50,130437,39067],{"class":72},[50,130439,413],{"class":68},[50,130441,1077],{"class":64},[50,130443,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130445,366],{"class":151},[50,130447,155],{"class":64},[50,130449,1060],{"class":151},[50,130451,155],{"class":64},[50,130453,35393],{"class":158},[50,130455,1077],{"class":64},[50,130457,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130459,366],{"class":151},[50,130461,155],{"class":64},[50,130463,35393],{"class":158},[50,130465,838],{"class":64},[50,130467,129043],{"class":158},[50,130469,155],{"class":64},[50,130471,413],{"class":68},[50,130473,39067],{"class":72},[50,130475,413],{"class":68},[50,130477,78],{"class":64},[50,130479,36729],{"class":158},[50,130481,78],{"class":64},[50,130483,65718],{"class":158},[50,130485,1077],{"class":64},[20,130487,130488],{},"These help you check:",[233,130490,130491,130496,130501,130506,130509],{},[236,130492,130493,130494],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130495,125014],{},[236,130497,130498,130499],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130500,123233],{},[236,130502,130503,130504],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130505,124749],{},[236,130507,130508],{},"The string length",[236,130510,130511,130512,827,130514,130516],{},"Whether your ",[15,130513,36750],{},[15,130515,53338],{}," values are correct",[36,130518,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,130520,130522,130523,130525],{"id":130521},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130524,125014],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130527,5861,130528,838],{},[15,130529,66532],{},[1112,130531,2569,130533,130535],{"id":130532},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130534,125014],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130537,130538],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1112,130540,130542,130543,125355],{"id":130541},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130544,125014],{},[20,130546,130547],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1112,130549,5893,130551,827,130553,70330],{"id":130550},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130552,125014],{},[15,130554,59646],{},[20,130556,130557,3121,130559,130561,130562,53172,130564,838],{},[15,130558,125014],{},[15,130560,66532],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130563,59646],{},[15,130565,41381],{},[1112,130567,29019,130569,130571],{"id":130568},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130570,125014],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130573,130574,130575,827,130577,66831],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130576,36750],{},[15,130578,53338],{},[36,130580,2610],{"id":2609},[233,130582,130583,130589,130595,130602,130608,130615,130619,130624],{},[236,130584,130585],{},[335,130586,127019,130587,11442],{"href":125039},[15,130588,59646],{},[236,130590,130591],{},[335,130592,127019,130593,11442],{"href":129705},[15,130594,61210],{},[236,130596,130597],{},[335,130598,127019,130600,11442],{"href":130599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130601,125190],{},[236,130603,130604],{},[335,130605,127019,130606,11442],{"href":128384},[15,130607,128387],{},[236,130609,130610],{},[335,130611,127019,130613,11442],{"href":130612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130614,127077],{},[236,130616,130617],{},[335,130618,125418],{"href":124274},[236,130620,130621],{},[335,130622,130623],{"href":129701},"How to split a string in Python",[236,130625,130626],{},[335,130627,26813,130628],{"href":74155},[15,130629,129989],{},[2640,130631,130632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":130634},[130635,130637,130640,130641,130642,130643,130645,130646,130647,130659],{"id":129119,"depth":101,"text":130636},"What find() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":130638},[130639],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698},{"id":66084,"depth":101,"text":66867},{"id":124665,"depth":101,"text":124666},{"id":129846,"depth":101,"text":130644},"find() vs index()",{"id":1615,"depth":101,"text":1616},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":130648},[130649,130651,130653,130655,130657],{"id":130521,"depth":127,"text":130650},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130532,"depth":127,"text":130652},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130541,"depth":127,"text":130654},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130550,"depth":127,"text":130656},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130568,"depth":127,"text":130658},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128991,"description":130660},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130667,"title":130668,"body":130669,"description":132594,"extension":2687,"meta":132595,"navigation":130,"path":132596,"seo":132597,"stem":132598,"__hash__":132599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130670,"toc":132562},[130671,130676,130681,130684,130686,130762,130766,130794,130802,130806,130811,130815,130832,130834,130901,130905,130927,130935,130937,130940,130964,130967,130981,130983,131068,131072,131084,131087,131091,131097,131147,131151,131168,131177,131180,131188,131191,131240,131244,131269,131272,131327,131331,131343,131349,131353,131359,131364,131431,131435,131461,131464,131475,131477,131543,131547,131572,131579,131583,131588,131595,131603,131605,131657,131661,131679,131681,131726,131730,131745,131748,131758,131765,131767,131771,131774,131785,131787,131847,131851,131879,131882,131888,131893,131896,131900,131944,131947,131985,131988,131996,131998,132003,132007,132010,132058,132061,132064,132120,132124,132129,132132,132181,132183,132232,132238,132243,132245,132292,132296,132309,132311,132362,132368,132371,132375,132378,132384,132389,132391,132394,132466,132469,132486,132488,132493,132496,132500,132506,132512,132519,132525,132531,132533,132559],[10,130672,124019,130674,12024],{"id":130673},"python-string-format-method",[15,130675,127022],{},[20,130677,124024,130678,130680],{},[15,130679,127022],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130682,130683],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[36,130685,39],{"id":38},[41,130687,130689],{"className":43,"code":130688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130690,130691,130703,130711,130715,130752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130692,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130694,8589],{"class":56},[50,130696,61],{"class":60},[50,130698,81],{"class":68},[50,130700,12212],{"class":72},[50,130702,4082],{"class":68},[50,130704,130705,130707,130709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130706,22327],{"class":56},[50,130708,61],{"class":60},[50,130710,89466],{"class":111},[50,130712,130713],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130714,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,130716,130717,130719,130721,130723,130726,130728,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130718,90674],{"class":56},[50,130720,61],{"class":60},[50,130722,81],{"class":68},[50,130724,130725],{"class":72},"My name is ",[50,130727,4515],{"class":111},[50,130729,130730],{"class":72}," and I am ",[50,130732,4515],{"class":111},[50,130734,123015],{"class":72},[50,130736,69],{"class":68},[50,130738,838],{"class":64},[50,130740,130741],{"class":158},"format",[50,130743,155],{"class":64},[50,130745,178],{"class":158},[50,130747,78],{"class":64},[50,130749,9899],{"class":158},[50,130751,186],{"class":64},[50,130753,130754,130756,130758,130760],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130755,366],{"class":151},[50,130757,155],{"class":64},[50,130759,90691],{"class":158},[50,130761,186],{"class":64},[20,130763,130764],{},[4465,130765,189],{},[41,130767,130769],{"className":43,"code":130768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130770,130771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130772,130773,130776,130778,130781,130784,130787,130790,130792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130774,130775],{"class":56},"My name ",[50,130777,12898],{"class":60},[50,130779,130780],{"class":56}," Maya ",[50,130782,130783],{"class":60},"and",[50,130785,130786],{"class":56}," I am ",[50,130788,130789],{"class":111},"12",[50,130791,123048],{"class":56},[50,130793,123051],{"class":64},[20,130795,221,130796,130798,130799,130801],{},[15,130797,4515],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130800,127022],{}," in the same order.",[20,130803,125771,130804,838],{},[335,130805,125774],{"href":51652},[36,130807,13699,130809,13702],{"id":130808},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130810,127022],{},[20,130812,2704,130813,12115],{},[15,130814,127022],{},[233,130816,130817,130820,130826,130829],{},[236,130818,130819],{},"inserts values into a string",[236,130821,130822,130823,130825],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130824,4515],{}," with given values",[236,130827,130828],{},"returns a new string",[236,130830,130831],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130833,2931],{},[41,130835,130837],{"className":43,"code":130836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130838,130839,130853,130876,130880,130891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130840,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130842,35372],{"class":56},[50,130844,61],{"class":60},[50,130846,81],{"class":68},[50,130848,45579],{"class":72},[50,130850,4515],{"class":111},[50,130852,4082],{"class":68},[50,130854,130855,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130856,130857],{"class":56},"new_text ",[50,130859,61],{"class":60},[50,130861,43518],{"class":56},[50,130863,838],{"class":64},[50,130865,130741],{"class":158},[50,130867,155],{"class":64},[50,130869,69],{"class":68},[50,130871,8390],{"class":72},[50,130873,69],{"class":68},[50,130875,186],{"class":64},[50,130877,130878],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,130879,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,130881,130882,130884,130886,130889],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,130883,366],{"class":151},[50,130885,155],{"class":64},[50,130887,130888],{"class":158},"new_text",[50,130890,186],{"class":64},[50,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,130894,366],{"class":151},[50,130896,155],{"class":64},[50,130898,35393],{"class":158},[50,130900,186],{"class":64},[20,130902,130903],{},[4465,130904,189],{},[41,130906,130908],{"className":43,"code":130907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130909,130910,130919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130911,130912,130914,130916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130913,35552],{"class":56},[50,130915,78],{"class":64},[50,130917,130918],{"class":56}," Sam\n",[50,130920,130921,130923,130925],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,130922,35552],{"class":56},[50,130924,78],{"class":64},[50,130926,10539],{"class":64},[20,130928,976,130929,130931,130932,130934],{},[15,130930,35393],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130933,127022],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[36,130936,256],{"id":255},[20,130938,130939],{},"The general form is:",[41,130941,130943],{"className":43,"code":130942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130944,130945],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130946,130947,130949,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130948,69],{"class":44005},[50,130950,130951],{"class":44009},"text {}",[50,130953,69],{"class":44005},[50,130955,838],{"class":64},[50,130957,130741],{"class":158},[50,130959,155],{"class":64},[50,130961,3197],{"class":158},[50,130963,186],{"class":64},[20,130965,130966],{},"Key idea:",[233,130968,130969,130975,130978],{},[236,130970,130971,130972,130974],{},"each ",[15,130973,4515],{}," is a placeholder",[236,130976,130977],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[236,130979,130980],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130982,2931],{},[41,130984,130986],{"className":43,"code":130985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130987,130988,131001,131015,131019,131057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130989,130990,130993,130995,130997,130999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130991,130992],{"class":56},"animal ",[50,130994,61],{"class":60},[50,130996,81],{"class":68},[50,130998,37724],{"class":72},[50,131000,4082],{"class":68},[50,131002,131003,131006,131008,131010,131013],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131004,131005],{"class":56},"sound ",[50,131007,61],{"class":60},[50,131009,81],{"class":68},[50,131011,131012],{"class":72},"meow",[50,131014,4082],{"class":68},[50,131016,131017],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,131018,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,131020,131021,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131050,131052,131055],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,131022,131023],{"class":56},"sentence ",[50,131025,61],{"class":60},[50,131027,81],{"class":68},[50,131029,2704],{"class":72},[50,131031,4515],{"class":111},[50,131033,131034],{"class":72}," says ",[50,131036,4515],{"class":111},[50,131038,838],{"class":72},[50,131040,69],{"class":68},[50,131042,838],{"class":64},[50,131044,130741],{"class":158},[50,131046,155],{"class":64},[50,131048,131049],{"class":158},"animal",[50,131051,78],{"class":64},[50,131053,131054],{"class":158}," sound",[50,131056,186],{"class":64},[50,131058,131059,131061,131063,131066],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,131060,366],{"class":151},[50,131062,155],{"class":64},[50,131064,131065],{"class":158},"sentence",[50,131067,186],{"class":64},[20,131069,131070],{},[4465,131071,189],{},[41,131073,131075],{"className":43,"code":131074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,131076,131077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131078,131079,131082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131080,131081],{"class":56},"The cat says meow",[50,131083,123051],{"class":64},[20,131085,131086],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[36,131088,131090],{"id":131089},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,131092,131093,131094,131096],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,131095,4515],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[41,131098,131100],{"className":43,"code":131099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,131101,131102],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131103,131104,131106,131108,131110,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131134,131136,131138,131140,131143,131145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131105,366],{"class":151},[50,131107,155],{"class":64},[50,131109,69],{"class":68},[50,131111,131112],{"class":72},"I like ",[50,131114,4515],{"class":111},[50,131116,827],{"class":72},[50,131118,4515],{"class":111},[50,131120,838],{"class":72},[50,131122,69],{"class":68},[50,131124,838],{"class":64},[50,131126,130741],{"class":158},[50,131128,155],{"class":64},[50,131130,69],{"class":68},[50,131132,131133],{"class":72},"pizza",[50,131135,69],{"class":68},[50,131137,78],{"class":64},[50,131139,81],{"class":68},[50,131141,131142],{"class":72},"pasta",[50,131144,69],{"class":68},[50,131146,1077],{"class":64},[20,131148,131149],{},[4465,131150,189],{},[41,131152,131154],{"className":43,"code":131153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,131155,131156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131157,131158,131161,131163,131166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131159,131160],{"class":56},"I like pizza ",[50,131162,130783],{"class":60},[50,131164,131165],{"class":56}," pasta",[50,131167,123051],{"class":64},[20,131169,131170,131171,827,131174,838],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,131172,131173],{},"{0}",[15,131175,131176],{},"{1}",[20,131178,131179],{},"This is helpful when:",[233,131181,131182,131185],{},[236,131183,131184],{},"you want to reuse a value",[236,131186,131187],{},"you want to change the order",[20,131189,131190],{},"Example with reused values:",[41,131192,131194],{"className":43,"code":131193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131195,131196,131230],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131197,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131209,131211,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131199,35372],{"class":56},[50,131201,61],{"class":60},[50,131203,81],{"class":68},[50,131205,131173],{"class":111},[50,131207,131208],{"class":72}," is learning Python. ",[50,131210,131173],{"class":111},[50,131212,131213],{"class":72}," likes coding.",[50,131215,69],{"class":68},[50,131217,838],{"class":64},[50,131219,130741],{"class":158},[50,131221,155],{"class":64},[50,131223,69],{"class":68},[50,131225,20581],{"class":72},[50,131227,69],{"class":68},[50,131229,186],{"class":64},[50,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131233,366],{"class":151},[50,131235,155],{"class":64},[50,131237,35393],{"class":158},[50,131239,186],{"class":64},[20,131241,131242],{},[4465,131243,189],{},[41,131245,131247],{"className":43,"code":131246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131248,131249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131250,131251,131254,131256,131259,131261,131264,131267],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131252,131253],{"class":56},"Lina ",[50,131255,12898],{"class":60},[50,131257,131258],{"class":56}," learning Python",[50,131260,838],{"class":64},[50,131262,131263],{"class":25443}," Lina",[50,131265,131266],{"class":56}," likes coding",[50,131268,123051],{"class":64},[20,131270,131271],{},"Example with changed order:",[41,131273,131275],{"className":43,"code":131274,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131276,131277,131317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131278,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131280,35372],{"class":56},[50,131282,61],{"class":60},[50,131284,81],{"class":68},[50,131286,131176],{"class":111},[50,131288,83994],{"class":72},[50,131290,131173],{"class":111},[50,131292,838],{"class":72},[50,131294,69],{"class":68},[50,131296,838],{"class":64},[50,131298,130741],{"class":158},[50,131300,155],{"class":64},[50,131302,69],{"class":68},[50,131304,7298],{"class":72},[50,131306,69],{"class":68},[50,131308,78],{"class":64},[50,131310,81],{"class":68},[50,131312,79944],{"class":72},[50,131314,69],{"class":68},[50,131316,186],{"class":64},[50,131318,131319,131321,131323,131325],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131320,366],{"class":151},[50,131322,155],{"class":64},[50,131324,35393],{"class":158},[50,131326,186],{"class":64},[20,131328,131329],{},[4465,131330,189],{},[41,131332,131334],{"className":43,"code":131333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131335,131336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131337,131338,131341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131339,131340],{"class":56},"two comes after one",[50,131342,123051],{"class":64},[20,131344,131345,131346,131348],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131347,4515],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[36,131350,131352],{"id":131351},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131354,131355,131356,838],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131357,131358],{},"{name}",[20,131360,131361,131362,1408],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131363,127022],{},[41,131365,131367],{"className":43,"code":131366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131368,131369,131421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131370,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131384,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131372,35372],{"class":56},[50,131374,61],{"class":60},[50,131376,81],{"class":68},[50,131378,130725],{"class":72},[50,131380,131358],{"class":111},[50,131382,131383],{"class":72}," and I live in ",[50,131385,131386],{"class":111},"{city}",[50,131388,838],{"class":72},[50,131390,69],{"class":68},[50,131392,838],{"class":64},[50,131394,130741],{"class":158},[50,131396,155],{"class":64},[50,131398,178],{"class":9886},[50,131400,61],{"class":60},[50,131402,69],{"class":68},[50,131404,73],{"class":72},[50,131406,69],{"class":68},[50,131408,78],{"class":64},[50,131410,32072],{"class":9886},[50,131412,61],{"class":60},[50,131414,69],{"class":68},[50,131416,1343],{"class":72},[50,131418,69],{"class":68},[50,131420,186],{"class":64},[50,131422,131423,131425,131427,131429],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131424,366],{"class":151},[50,131426,155],{"class":64},[50,131428,35393],{"class":158},[50,131430,186],{"class":64},[20,131432,131433],{},[4465,131434,189],{},[41,131436,131438],{"className":43,"code":131437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131439,131440],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131441,131442,131444,131446,131449,131451,131454,131456,131459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131443,130775],{"class":56},[50,131445,12898],{"class":60},[50,131447,131448],{"class":56}," Ana ",[50,131450,130783],{"class":60},[50,131452,131453],{"class":56}," I live ",[50,131455,148],{"class":60},[50,131457,131458],{"class":56}," Lima",[50,131460,123051],{"class":64},[20,131462,131463],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[233,131465,131466,131469,131472],{},[236,131467,131468],{},"they make code easier to read",[236,131470,131471],{},"they help when a string has many values",[236,131473,131474],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131476,2931],{},[41,131478,131480],{"className":43,"code":131479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131481,131482,131533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131483,131484,131487,131489,131491,131494,131497,131500,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131485,131486],{"class":56},"report ",[50,131488,61],{"class":60},[50,131490,81],{"class":68},[50,131492,131493],{"class":72},"Student: ",[50,131495,131496],{"class":111},"{student}",[50,131498,131499],{"class":72},", Score: ",[50,131501,131502],{"class":111},"{score}",[50,131504,69],{"class":68},[50,131506,838],{"class":64},[50,131508,130741],{"class":158},[50,131510,155],{"class":64},[50,131512,14327],{"class":9886},[50,131514,61],{"class":60},[50,131516,69],{"class":68},[50,131518,131519],{"class":72},"Noah",[50,131521,69],{"class":68},[50,131523,78],{"class":64},[50,131525,183],{"class":9886},[50,131527,61],{"class":60},[50,131529,131530],{"class":111},"95",[50,131532,186],{"class":64},[50,131534,131535,131537,131539,131541],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131536,366],{"class":151},[50,131538,155],{"class":64},[50,131540,128732],{"class":158},[50,131542,186],{"class":64},[20,131544,131545],{},[4465,131546,189],{},[41,131548,131550],{"className":43,"code":131549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131551,131552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131553,131554,131557,131559,131562,131564,131567,131569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131555,131556],{"class":56},"Student",[50,131558,1408],{"class":64},[50,131560,131561],{"class":56}," Noah",[50,131563,78],{"class":64},[50,131565,131566],{"class":56}," Score",[50,131568,1408],{"class":64},[50,131570,131571],{"class":111}," 95\n",[20,131573,131574,131575,838],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[335,131576,13,131577,2551],{"href":42851},[15,131578,48359],{},[36,131580,131582],{"id":131581},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131584,131585,131587],{},[15,131586,127022],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131589,131590,131591,131594],{},"A common example is ",[15,131592,131593],{},":.2f",", which means:",[233,131596,131597,131600],{},[236,131598,131599],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[236,131601,131602],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131604,2931],{},[41,131606,131608],{"className":43,"code":131607,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131609,131610,131618,131647],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131611,131612,131614,131616],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131613,41064],{"class":56},[50,131615,61],{"class":60},[50,131617,49952],{"class":111},[50,131619,131620,131622,131624,131626,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131621,35372],{"class":56},[50,131623,61],{"class":60},[50,131625,81],{"class":68},[50,131627,131628],{"class":72},"Price: $",[50,131630,758],{"class":111},[50,131632,131593],{"class":752},[50,131634,763],{"class":111},[50,131636,69],{"class":68},[50,131638,838],{"class":64},[50,131640,130741],{"class":158},[50,131642,155],{"class":64},[50,131644,2097],{"class":158},[50,131646,186],{"class":64},[50,131648,131649,131651,131653,131655],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,131650,366],{"class":151},[50,131652,155],{"class":64},[50,131654,35393],{"class":158},[50,131656,186],{"class":64},[20,131658,131659],{},[4465,131660,189],{},[41,131662,131664],{"className":43,"code":131663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131665,131666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131667,131668,131671,131673,131676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131669,131670],{"class":56},"Price",[50,131672,1408],{"class":64},[50,131674,131675],{"class":38044}," $",[50,131677,131678],{"class":111},"3.50\n",[20,131680,52757],{},[41,131682,131684],{"className":43,"code":131683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131685,131686,131696],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131687,131688,131691,131693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131689,131690],{"class":56},"average ",[50,131692,61],{"class":60},[50,131694,131695],{"class":111}," 91.236\n",[50,131697,131698,131700,131702,131704,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131724],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131699,366],{"class":151},[50,131701,155],{"class":64},[50,131703,69],{"class":68},[50,131705,131706],{"class":72},"Average: ",[50,131708,758],{"class":111},[50,131710,131593],{"class":752},[50,131712,763],{"class":111},[50,131714,69],{"class":68},[50,131716,838],{"class":64},[50,131718,130741],{"class":158},[50,131720,155],{"class":64},[50,131722,131723],{"class":158},"average",[50,131725,1077],{"class":64},[20,131727,131728],{},[4465,131729,189],{},[41,131731,131733],{"className":43,"code":131732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131734,131735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131736,131737,131740,131742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131738,131739],{"class":56},"Average",[50,131741,1408],{"class":64},[50,131743,131744],{"class":111}," 91.24\n",[20,131746,131747],{},"This is useful for:",[233,131749,131750,131752,131755],{},[236,131751,83752],{},[236,131753,131754],{},"averages",[236,131756,131757],{},"percentages",[20,131759,131760,131761,838],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[335,131762,13,131763,3027],{"href":47125},[15,131764,47128],{},[36,131766,18117],{"id":18116},[20,131768,131769,93186],{},[15,131770,127022],{},[20,131772,131773],{},"That means you can:",[233,131775,131776,131779,131782],{},[236,131777,131778],{},"save it in a variable",[236,131780,131781],{},"print it directly",[236,131783,131784],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131786,2931],{},[41,131788,131790],{"className":43,"code":131789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131791,131792,131823,131833],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131793,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131819,131821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131795,90674],{"class":56},[50,131797,61],{"class":60},[50,131799,81],{"class":68},[50,131801,45579],{"class":72},[50,131803,4515],{"class":111},[50,131805,90515],{"class":72},[50,131807,69],{"class":68},[50,131809,838],{"class":64},[50,131811,130741],{"class":158},[50,131813,155],{"class":64},[50,131815,69],{"class":68},[50,131817,131818],{"class":72},"Chris",[50,131820,69],{"class":68},[50,131822,186],{"class":64},[50,131824,131825,131827,131829,131831],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131826,366],{"class":151},[50,131828,155],{"class":64},[50,131830,90691],{"class":158},[50,131832,186],{"class":64},[50,131834,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,131836,366],{"class":151},[50,131838,155],{"class":64},[50,131840,3945],{"class":371},[50,131842,155],{"class":64},[50,131844,90691],{"class":158},[50,131846,1077],{"class":64},[20,131848,131849],{},[4465,131850,189],{},[41,131852,131854],{"className":43,"code":131853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131855,131856,131865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131857,131858,131860,131862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131859,35552],{"class":56},[50,131861,78],{"class":64},[50,131863,131864],{"class":56}," Chris!\n",[50,131866,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131868,4014],{"class":60},[50,131870,4017],{"class":752},[50,131872,408],{"class":68},[50,131874,4167],{"class":72},[50,131876,413],{"class":68},[50,131878,4026],{"class":60},[20,131880,131881],{},"The original string is not changed.",[36,131883,131885,131887],{"id":131884},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131886,127022],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131889,131890,131892],{},[15,131891,127022],{}," is a string method.",[20,131894,131895],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131897,46716,131898,1408],{},[15,131899,127022],{},[41,131901,131903],{"className":43,"code":131902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131904,131905,131918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131906,131907,131909,131911,131913,131916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131908,8589],{"class":56},[50,131910,61],{"class":60},[50,131912,81],{"class":68},[50,131914,131915],{"class":72},"Rita",[50,131917,4082],{"class":68},[50,131919,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131921,366],{"class":151},[50,131923,155],{"class":64},[50,131925,69],{"class":68},[50,131927,45579],{"class":72},[50,131929,4515],{"class":111},[50,131931,90515],{"class":72},[50,131933,69],{"class":68},[50,131935,838],{"class":64},[50,131937,130741],{"class":158},[50,131939,155],{"class":64},[50,131941,178],{"class":158},[50,131943,1077],{"class":64},[20,131945,131946],{},"Example with an f-string:",[41,131948,131950],{"className":43,"code":131949,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131951,131952,131964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131953,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131955,8589],{"class":56},[50,131957,61],{"class":60},[50,131959,81],{"class":68},[50,131961,131915],{"class":72},[50,131963,4082],{"class":68},[50,131965,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131983],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,131967,366],{"class":151},[50,131969,155],{"class":64},[50,131971,753],{"class":752},[50,131973,44023],{"class":72},[50,131975,758],{"class":111},[50,131977,178],{"class":158},[50,131979,763],{"class":111},[50,131981,131982],{"class":72},"!\"",[50,131984,186],{"class":64},[20,131986,131987],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131989,131990,131991,131993,131994,838],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131992,127022],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[335,131995,90360],{"href":90359},[36,131997,3553],{"id":3552},[20,131999,132000,132001,838],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,132002,127022],{},[1112,132004,132006],{"id":132005},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,132008,132009],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[41,132011,132013],{"className":43,"code":132012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132014,132015,132048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132016,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132018,35372],{"class":56},[50,132020,61],{"class":60},[50,132022,81],{"class":68},[50,132024,45579],{"class":72},[50,132026,4515],{"class":111},[50,132028,132029],{"class":111}," {}",[50,132031,90515],{"class":72},[50,132033,69],{"class":68},[50,132035,838],{"class":64},[50,132037,130741],{"class":158},[50,132039,155],{"class":64},[50,132041,69],{"class":68},[50,132043,8390],{"class":72},[50,132045,69],{"class":68},[50,132047,186],{"class":64},[50,132049,132050,132052,132054,132056],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132051,366],{"class":151},[50,132053,155],{"class":64},[50,132055,35393],{"class":158},[50,132057,186],{"class":64},[20,132059,132060],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,132062,132063],{},"Fixed version:",[41,132065,132067],{"className":43,"code":132066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132068,132069,132110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132070,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132106,132108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132072,35372],{"class":56},[50,132074,61],{"class":60},[50,132076,81],{"class":68},[50,132078,45579],{"class":72},[50,132080,4515],{"class":111},[50,132082,132029],{"class":111},[50,132084,90515],{"class":72},[50,132086,69],{"class":68},[50,132088,838],{"class":64},[50,132090,130741],{"class":158},[50,132092,155],{"class":64},[50,132094,69],{"class":68},[50,132096,8390],{"class":72},[50,132098,69],{"class":68},[50,132100,78],{"class":64},[50,132102,81],{"class":68},[50,132104,132105],{"class":72},"Lee",[50,132107,69],{"class":68},[50,132109,186],{"class":64},[50,132111,132112,132114,132116,132118],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132113,366],{"class":151},[50,132115,155],{"class":64},[50,132117,35393],{"class":158},[50,132119,186],{"class":64},[1112,132121,132123],{"id":132122},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,132125,132126,132127,838],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,132128,127022],{},[20,132130,132131],{},"Problem:",[41,132133,132135],{"className":43,"code":132134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132136,132137,132171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132138,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132140,35372],{"class":56},[50,132142,61],{"class":60},[50,132144,81],{"class":68},[50,132146,45579],{"class":72},[50,132148,131358],{"class":111},[50,132150,90515],{"class":72},[50,132152,69],{"class":68},[50,132154,838],{"class":64},[50,132156,130741],{"class":158},[50,132158,155],{"class":64},[50,132160,8698],{"class":9886},[50,132162,61],{"class":60},[50,132164,69],{"class":68},[50,132166,8390],{"class":72},[50,132168,69],{"class":68},[50,132170,186],{"class":64},[50,132172,132173,132175,132177,132179],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132174,366],{"class":151},[50,132176,155],{"class":64},[50,132178,35393],{"class":158},[50,132180,186],{"class":64},[20,132182,132063],{},[41,132184,132186],{"className":43,"code":132185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132187,132188,132222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132189,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132191,35372],{"class":56},[50,132193,61],{"class":60},[50,132195,81],{"class":68},[50,132197,45579],{"class":72},[50,132199,131358],{"class":111},[50,132201,90515],{"class":72},[50,132203,69],{"class":68},[50,132205,838],{"class":64},[50,132207,130741],{"class":158},[50,132209,155],{"class":64},[50,132211,178],{"class":9886},[50,132213,61],{"class":60},[50,132215,69],{"class":68},[50,132217,8390],{"class":72},[50,132219,69],{"class":68},[50,132221,186],{"class":64},[50,132223,132224,132226,132228,132230],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132225,366],{"class":151},[50,132227,155],{"class":64},[50,132229,35393],{"class":158},[50,132231,186],{"class":64},[1112,132233,2120,132235,132237],{"id":132234},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132236,127022],{}," to change the original string",[20,132239,132240,132242],{},[15,132241,127022],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132244,132131],{},[41,132246,132248],{"className":43,"code":132247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132249,132250,132264,132282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132253,35372],{"class":56},[50,132255,61],{"class":60},[50,132257,81],{"class":68},[50,132259,45579],{"class":72},[50,132261,4515],{"class":111},[50,132263,4082],{"class":68},[50,132265,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132267,35393],{"class":56},[50,132269,838],{"class":64},[50,132271,130741],{"class":158},[50,132273,155],{"class":64},[50,132275,69],{"class":68},[50,132277,8390],{"class":72},[50,132279,69],{"class":68},[50,132281,186],{"class":64},[50,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132285,366],{"class":151},[50,132287,155],{"class":64},[50,132289,35393],{"class":158},[50,132291,186],{"class":64},[20,132293,132294],{},[4465,132295,189],{},[41,132297,132299],{"className":43,"code":132298,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132300,132301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132302,132303,132305,132307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132304,35552],{"class":56},[50,132306,78],{"class":64},[50,132308,10539],{"class":64},[20,132310,132063],{},[41,132312,132314],{"className":43,"code":132313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132315,132316,132330,132352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132317,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132319,35372],{"class":56},[50,132321,61],{"class":60},[50,132323,81],{"class":68},[50,132325,45579],{"class":72},[50,132327,4515],{"class":111},[50,132329,4082],{"class":68},[50,132331,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132333,35372],{"class":56},[50,132335,61],{"class":60},[50,132337,43518],{"class":56},[50,132339,838],{"class":64},[50,132341,130741],{"class":158},[50,132343,155],{"class":64},[50,132345,69],{"class":68},[50,132347,8390],{"class":72},[50,132349,69],{"class":68},[50,132351,186],{"class":64},[50,132353,132354,132356,132358,132360],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132355,366],{"class":151},[50,132357,155],{"class":64},[50,132359,35393],{"class":158},[50,132361,186],{"class":64},[1112,132363,5424,132365,132367],{"id":132364},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132366,127022],{}," returns a new string",[20,132369,132370],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1112,132372,132374],{"id":132373},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132376,132377],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132379,132380,132381,132383],{},"Use simple ",[15,132382,4515],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132385,132386,132387,838],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[335,132388,91073],{"href":91072},[36,132390,68573],{"id":68572},[20,132392,132393],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[41,132395,132397],{"className":43,"code":132396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132398,132399,132409,132423,132452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132402,366],{"class":151},[50,132404,155],{"class":64},[50,132406,35393],{"class":158},[50,132408,186],{"class":64},[50,132410,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132412,366],{"class":151},[50,132414,155],{"class":64},[50,132416,3945],{"class":371},[50,132418,155],{"class":64},[50,132420,3197],{"class":158},[50,132422,1077],{"class":64},[50,132424,132425,132427,132429,132431,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132426,366],{"class":151},[50,132428,155],{"class":64},[50,132430,69],{"class":68},[50,132432,132433],{"class":72},"Hello ",[50,132435,4515],{"class":111},[50,132437,69],{"class":68},[50,132439,838],{"class":64},[50,132441,130741],{"class":158},[50,132443,155],{"class":64},[50,132445,69],{"class":68},[50,132447,8390],{"class":72},[50,132449,69],{"class":68},[50,132451,1077],{"class":64},[50,132453,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,132455,32840],{"class":151},[50,132457,155],{"class":64},[50,132459,4167],{"class":371},[50,132461,838],{"class":64},[50,132463,130741],{"class":25443},[50,132465,186],{"class":64},[20,132467,132468],{},"Use them to check:",[233,132470,132471,132474,132477,132480],{},[236,132472,132473],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[236,132475,132476],{},"what type your value has",[236,132478,132479],{},"whether a small test example works",[236,132481,132482,132483],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132484,132485],{},"str.format",[36,132487,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,132489,130522,132491,13419],{"id":132490},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132492,127022],{},[20,132494,132495],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1112,132497,132499],{"id":132498},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132501,132502,132503,132505],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132504,4515],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1112,132507,132509,132510,2582],{"id":132508},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132511,127022],{},[20,132513,132514,132515,132518],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132516,132517],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1112,132520,15605,132522,132524],{"id":132521},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132523,127022],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132526,132527,132528,132530],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132529,127022],{}," is still useful and common.",[36,132532,2610],{"id":2609},[233,132534,132535,132539,132543,132549,132555],{},[236,132536,132537],{},[335,132538,125774],{"href":51652},[236,132540,132541],{},[335,132542,91350],{"href":90359},[236,132544,132545],{},[335,132546,13,132547,2551],{"href":47125},[15,132548,47128],{},[236,132550,132551],{},[335,132552,13,132553,2551],{"href":42851},[15,132554,48359],{},[236,132556,132557],{},[335,132558,91073],{"href":91072},[2640,132560,132561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":132563},[132564,132565,132567,132568,132569,132570,132571,132572,132574,132583,132584,132593],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":130808,"depth":101,"text":132566},"What the format() method does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":131089,"depth":101,"text":131090},{"id":131351,"depth":101,"text":131352},{"id":131581,"depth":101,"text":131582},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":131884,"depth":101,"text":132573},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":132575},[132576,132577,132578,132580,132582],{"id":132005,"depth":127,"text":132006},{"id":132122,"depth":127,"text":132123},{"id":132234,"depth":127,"text":132579},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132364,"depth":127,"text":132581},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132373,"depth":127,"text":132374},{"id":68572,"depth":101,"text":68573},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":132585},[132586,132588,132589,132591],{"id":132490,"depth":127,"text":132587},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132498,"depth":127,"text":132499},{"id":132508,"depth":127,"text":132590},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132521,"depth":127,"text":132592},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130668,"description":132594},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132601,"title":132602,"body":132603,"description":134083,"extension":2687,"meta":134084,"navigation":130,"path":134085,"seo":134086,"stem":134087,"__hash__":134088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132604,"toc":134055},[132605,132610,132615,132620,132622,132684,132691,132697,132702,132704,132720,132722,132793,132795,132809,132812,132862,132864,132866,132893,132896,132911,132914,132955,132958,133003,133010,133059,133061,133069,133071,133089,133091,133184,133192,133233,133238,133245,133251,133258,133261,133265,133366,133368,133390,133394,133447,133450,133453,133459,133466,133468,133507,133509,133527,133537,133544,133627,133630,133637,133644,133651,133655,133663,133709,133713,133722,133787,133792,133797,133808,133810,133815,133842,133844,133947,133950,133970,133972,133977,133980,133984,133988,133995,134004,134010,134013,134019,134021,134023,134052],[10,132606,124019,132608,12024],{"id":132607},"python-string-index-method",[15,132609,59646],{},[20,132611,124024,132612,132614],{},[15,132613,59646],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132616,132617,132618,838],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132619,41381],{},[36,132621,39],{"id":38},[41,132623,132625],{"className":43,"code":132624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132626,132627,132639,132661,132671,132675,132679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132628,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132630,35372],{"class":56},[50,132632,61],{"class":60},[50,132634,81],{"class":68},[50,132636,61085],{"class":72},[50,132638,4082],{"class":68},[50,132640,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132642,65597],{"class":56},[50,132644,61],{"class":60},[50,132646,43518],{"class":56},[50,132648,838],{"class":64},[50,132650,2536],{"class":158},[50,132652,155],{"class":64},[50,132654,69],{"class":68},[50,132656,61270],{"class":72},[50,132658,69],{"class":68},[50,132660,186],{"class":64},[50,132662,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132664,366],{"class":151},[50,132666,155],{"class":64},[50,132668,65624],{"class":158},[50,132670,186],{"class":64},[50,132672,132673],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,132674,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,132676,132677],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,132678,91491],{"class":4385},[50,132680,132681],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,132682,132683],{"class":4385},"# 6\n",[20,132685,221,132686,132688,132689,838],{},[15,132687,59646],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132690,41381],{},[36,132692,228,132694,231],{"id":132693},"what-strindex-does",[15,132695,132696],{},"str.index()",[20,132698,132699,132701],{},[15,132700,132696],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132703,13755],{},[233,132705,132706,132709,132712,132715],{},[236,132707,132708],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[236,132710,132711],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[236,132713,132714],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[236,132716,30983,132717,132719],{},[15,132718,41381],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132721,2931],{},[41,132723,132725],{"className":43,"code":132724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132726,132727,132739,132743,132768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132728,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132730,35372],{"class":56},[50,132732,61],{"class":60},[50,132734,81],{"class":68},[50,132736,4806],{"class":72},[50,132738,4082],{"class":68},[50,132740,132741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132742,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,132744,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132746,366],{"class":151},[50,132748,155],{"class":64},[50,132750,35393],{"class":158},[50,132752,838],{"class":64},[50,132754,2536],{"class":158},[50,132756,155],{"class":64},[50,132758,69],{"class":68},[50,132760,335],{"class":72},[50,132762,69],{"class":68},[50,132764,6075],{"class":64},[50,132766,132767],{"class":4385},"     # 1\n",[50,132769,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,132771,366],{"class":151},[50,132773,155],{"class":64},[50,132775,35393],{"class":158},[50,132777,838],{"class":64},[50,132779,2536],{"class":158},[50,132781,155],{"class":64},[50,132783,69],{"class":68},[50,132785,124112],{"class":72},[50,132787,69],{"class":68},[50,132789,6075],{"class":64},[50,132791,132792],{"class":4385},"    # 2\n",[20,132794,2901],{},[233,132796,132797,132803],{},[236,132798,132799,129231,132801],{},[15,132800,18794],{},[15,132802,309],{},[236,132804,132805,129231,132807],{},[15,132806,129230],{},[15,132808,422],{},[20,132810,132811],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[41,132813,132815],{"className":43,"code":132814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132816,132817,132829,132833,132857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132818,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132820,35372],{"class":56},[50,132822,61],{"class":60},[50,132824,81],{"class":68},[50,132826,35552],{"class":72},[50,132828,4082],{"class":68},[50,132830,132831],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132832,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,132834,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,132836,366],{"class":151},[50,132838,155],{"class":64},[50,132840,35393],{"class":158},[50,132842,838],{"class":64},[50,132844,2536],{"class":158},[50,132846,155],{"class":64},[50,132848,69],{"class":68},[50,132850,51868],{"class":72},[50,132852,69],{"class":68},[50,132854,6075],{"class":64},[50,132856,21466],{"class":4385},[50,132858,132859],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,132860,132861],{"class":4385},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[36,132863,256],{"id":255},[20,132865,2882],{},[41,132867,132869],{"className":43,"code":132868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132870,132871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132872,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132874,61853],{"class":56},[50,132876,838],{"class":64},[50,132878,2536],{"class":158},[50,132880,155],{"class":64},[50,132882,3197],{"class":158},[50,132884,78],{"class":64},[50,132886,36729],{"class":158},[50,132888,78],{"class":64},[50,132890,65718],{"class":158},[50,132892,186],{"class":64},[20,132894,132895],{},"Parameters:",[233,132897,132898,132902,132906],{},[236,132899,132900,124211],{},[15,132901,3197],{},[236,132903,132904,129277],{},[15,132905,36750],{},[236,132907,132908,132910],{},[15,132909,53338],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132912,132913],{},"You can use just the value:",[41,132915,132917],{"className":43,"code":132916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132918,132919,132931],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132920,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132922,35372],{"class":56},[50,132924,61],{"class":60},[50,132926,81],{"class":68},[50,132928,45],{"class":72},[50,132930,4082],{"class":68},[50,132932,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132934,366],{"class":151},[50,132936,155],{"class":64},[50,132938,35393],{"class":158},[50,132940,838],{"class":64},[50,132942,2536],{"class":158},[50,132944,155],{"class":64},[50,132946,69],{"class":68},[50,132948,63966],{"class":72},[50,132950,69],{"class":68},[50,132952,6075],{"class":64},[50,132954,52092],{"class":4385},[20,132956,132957],{},"Or include a start position:",[41,132959,132961],{"className":43,"code":132960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132962,132963,132975],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132964,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132966,35372],{"class":56},[50,132968,61],{"class":60},[50,132970,81],{"class":68},[50,132972,4806],{"class":72},[50,132974,4082],{"class":68},[50,132976,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,132978,366],{"class":151},[50,132980,155],{"class":64},[50,132982,35393],{"class":158},[50,132984,838],{"class":64},[50,132986,2536],{"class":158},[50,132988,155],{"class":64},[50,132990,69],{"class":68},[50,132992,335],{"class":72},[50,132994,69],{"class":68},[50,132996,78],{"class":64},[50,132998,314],{"class":111},[50,133000,6075],{"class":64},[50,133002,51447],{"class":4385},[20,133004,133005,133006,827,133008,1408],{},"Or include both ",[15,133007,36750],{},[15,133009,53338],{},[41,133011,133013],{"className":43,"code":133012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,133014,133015,133027],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133016,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133018,35372],{"class":56},[50,133020,61],{"class":60},[50,133022,81],{"class":68},[50,133024,4806],{"class":72},[50,133026,4082],{"class":68},[50,133028,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133030,366],{"class":151},[50,133032,155],{"class":64},[50,133034,35393],{"class":158},[50,133036,838],{"class":64},[50,133038,2536],{"class":158},[50,133040,155],{"class":64},[50,133042,69],{"class":68},[50,133044,335],{"class":72},[50,133046,69],{"class":68},[50,133048,78],{"class":64},[50,133050,314],{"class":111},[50,133052,78],{"class":64},[50,133054,5325],{"class":111},[50,133056,6075],{"class":64},[50,133058,51447],{"class":4385},[36,133060,38698],{"id":38697},[20,133062,29399,133063,133065,133066,838],{},[15,133064,59646],{}," is a ",[4465,133067,133068],{},"zero-based index",[20,133070,2829],{},[233,133072,133073,133079,133084],{},[236,133074,133075,133076,133078],{},"Index ",[15,133077,2842],{}," is the first character",[236,133080,133075,133081,133083],{},[15,133082,309],{}," is the second character",[236,133085,133075,133086,133088],{},[15,133087,422],{}," is the third character",[20,133090,2931],{},[41,133092,133094],{"className":43,"code":133093,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,133095,133096,133108,133112,133136,133160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133097,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133099,35372],{"class":56},[50,133101,61],{"class":60},[50,133103,81],{"class":68},[50,133105,37724],{"class":72},[50,133107,4082],{"class":68},[50,133109,133110],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133111,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,133113,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133115,366],{"class":151},[50,133117,155],{"class":64},[50,133119,35393],{"class":158},[50,133121,838],{"class":64},[50,133123,2536],{"class":158},[50,133125,155],{"class":64},[50,133127,69],{"class":68},[50,133129,353],{"class":72},[50,133131,69],{"class":68},[50,133133,6075],{"class":64},[50,133135,51924],{"class":4385},[50,133137,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,133139,366],{"class":151},[50,133141,155],{"class":64},[50,133143,35393],{"class":158},[50,133145,838],{"class":64},[50,133147,2536],{"class":158},[50,133149,155],{"class":64},[50,133151,69],{"class":68},[50,133153,335],{"class":72},[50,133155,69],{"class":68},[50,133157,6075],{"class":64},[50,133159,28470],{"class":4385},[50,133161,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,133163,366],{"class":151},[50,133165,155],{"class":64},[50,133167,35393],{"class":158},[50,133169,838],{"class":64},[50,133171,2536],{"class":158},[50,133173,155],{"class":64},[50,133175,69],{"class":68},[50,133177,63966],{"class":72},[50,133179,69],{"class":68},[50,133181,6075],{"class":64},[50,133183,52092],{"class":4385},[20,133185,133186,133188,133189,133191],{},[15,133187,59646],{}," returns only the ",[4465,133190,30598],{}," matching position.",[41,133193,133195],{"className":43,"code":133194,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,133196,133197,133209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133198,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133200,35372],{"class":56},[50,133202,61],{"class":60},[50,133204,81],{"class":68},[50,133206,4806],{"class":72},[50,133208,4082],{"class":68},[50,133210,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133212,366],{"class":151},[50,133214,155],{"class":64},[50,133216,35393],{"class":158},[50,133218,838],{"class":64},[50,133220,2536],{"class":158},[50,133222,155],{"class":64},[50,133224,69],{"class":68},[50,133226,335],{"class":72},[50,133228,69],{"class":68},[50,133230,6075],{"class":64},[50,133232,28470],{"class":4385},[20,133234,21676,133235,133237],{},[15,133236,18794],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133239,133240,133241,838],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[335,133242,133243,11442],{"href":125469},[15,133244,59268],{},[36,133246,2447,133247,827,133249],{"id":66084},[15,133248,36750],{},[15,133250,53338],{},[20,133252,2704,133253,827,133255,133257],{},[15,133254,36750],{},[15,133256,53338],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133259,133260],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133262,46716,133263,1408],{},[15,133264,36750],{},[41,133266,133268],{"className":43,"code":133267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133269,133270,133282,133286,133310,133338],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133271,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133273,35372],{"class":56},[50,133275,61],{"class":60},[50,133277,81],{"class":68},[50,133279,4806],{"class":72},[50,133281,4082],{"class":68},[50,133283,133284],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133285,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,133287,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133289,366],{"class":151},[50,133291,155],{"class":64},[50,133293,35393],{"class":158},[50,133295,838],{"class":64},[50,133297,2536],{"class":158},[50,133299,155],{"class":64},[50,133301,69],{"class":68},[50,133303,335],{"class":72},[50,133305,69],{"class":68},[50,133307,6075],{"class":64},[50,133309,51797],{"class":4385},[50,133311,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,133313,366],{"class":151},[50,133315,155],{"class":64},[50,133317,35393],{"class":158},[50,133319,838],{"class":64},[50,133321,2536],{"class":158},[50,133323,155],{"class":64},[50,133325,69],{"class":68},[50,133327,335],{"class":72},[50,133329,69],{"class":68},[50,133331,78],{"class":64},[50,133333,314],{"class":111},[50,133335,6075],{"class":64},[50,133337,51646],{"class":4385},[50,133339,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,133341,366],{"class":151},[50,133343,155],{"class":64},[50,133345,35393],{"class":158},[50,133347,838],{"class":64},[50,133349,2536],{"class":158},[50,133351,155],{"class":64},[50,133353,69],{"class":68},[50,133355,335],{"class":72},[50,133357,69],{"class":68},[50,133359,78],{"class":64},[50,133361,3181],{"class":111},[50,133363,6075],{"class":64},[50,133365,51430],{"class":4385},[20,133367,20655],{},[233,133369,133370,133377,133383],{},[236,133371,133372,133373,66274,133375],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133374,18794],{},[15,133376,309],{},[236,133378,133379,133380,133382],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133381,422],{}," skips that first match",[236,133384,133379,133385,133387,133388],{},[15,133386,1089],{}," finds the last ",[15,133389,18794],{},[20,133391,46716,133392,1408],{},[15,133393,53338],{},[41,133395,133397],{"className":43,"code":133396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133398,133399,133411,133415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133400,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133402,35372],{"class":56},[50,133404,61],{"class":60},[50,133406,81],{"class":68},[50,133408,4806],{"class":72},[50,133410,4082],{"class":68},[50,133412,133413],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133414,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,133416,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133418,366],{"class":151},[50,133420,155],{"class":64},[50,133422,35393],{"class":158},[50,133424,838],{"class":64},[50,133426,2536],{"class":158},[50,133428,155],{"class":64},[50,133430,69],{"class":68},[50,133432,76703],{"class":72},[50,133434,69],{"class":68},[50,133436,78],{"class":64},[50,133438,4556],{"class":111},[50,133440,78],{"class":64},[50,133442,3181],{"class":111},[50,133444,6075],{"class":64},[50,133446,52092],{"class":4385},[20,133448,133449],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133451,133452],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[36,133454,44890,133456,133458],{"id":133455},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133457,59646],{}," causes an error",[20,133460,133461,133462,53172,133464,838],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133463,59646],{},[15,133465,41381],{},[20,133467,2931],{},[41,133469,133471],{"className":43,"code":133470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133472,133473,133485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133474,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133476,35372],{"class":56},[50,133478,61],{"class":60},[50,133480,81],{"class":68},[50,133482,4568],{"class":72},[50,133484,4082],{"class":68},[50,133486,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133488,366],{"class":151},[50,133490,155],{"class":64},[50,133492,35393],{"class":158},[50,133494,838],{"class":64},[50,133496,2536],{"class":158},[50,133498,155],{"class":64},[50,133500,69],{"class":68},[50,133502,22775],{"class":72},[50,133504,69],{"class":68},[50,133506,1077],{"class":64},[20,133508,189],{},[41,133510,133512],{"className":43,"code":133511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133513,133514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133515,133516,133518,133520,133523,133525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133517,41381],{"class":371},[50,133519,1408],{"class":64},[50,133521,133522],{"class":56}," substring ",[50,133524,5351],{"class":60},[50,133526,66507],{"class":56},[20,133528,54019,133529,126985,133534,133536],{},[335,133530,133531],{"href":130662},[15,133532,133533],{},"str.find()",[15,133535,66532],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133538,133539,133540,827,133542,1408],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133541,30493],{},[15,133543,30524],{},[41,133545,133547],{"className":43,"code":133546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133548,133549,133561,133565,133571,133594,133604,133612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133552,35372],{"class":56},[50,133554,61],{"class":60},[50,133556,81],{"class":68},[50,133558,4568],{"class":72},[50,133560,4082],{"class":68},[50,133562,133563],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133564,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,133566,133567,133569],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133568,30493],{"class":137},[50,133570,2229],{"class":64},[50,133572,133573,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,133574,133575],{"class":56},"    position ",[50,133577,61],{"class":60},[50,133579,43518],{"class":56},[50,133581,838],{"class":64},[50,133583,2536],{"class":158},[50,133585,155],{"class":64},[50,133587,69],{"class":68},[50,133589,22775],{"class":72},[50,133591,69],{"class":68},[50,133593,186],{"class":64},[50,133595,133596,133598,133600,133602],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,133597,173],{"class":151},[50,133599,155],{"class":64},[50,133601,65624],{"class":158},[50,133603,186],{"class":64},[50,133605,133606,133608,133610],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,133607,30524],{"class":137},[50,133609,42602],{"class":371},[50,133611,2229],{"class":64},[50,133613,133614,133616,133618,133620,133623,133625],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,133615,173],{"class":151},[50,133617,155],{"class":64},[50,133619,69],{"class":68},[50,133621,133622],{"class":72},"Substring not found",[50,133624,69],{"class":68},[50,133626,186],{"class":64},[20,133628,133629],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133631,42622,133632,838],{},[335,133633,26370,133635],{"href":133634},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133636,129989],{},[36,133638,133640,11286,133642],{"id":133639},"index-vs-find",[15,133641,59646],{},[15,133643,125014],{},[20,133645,133646,827,133648,133650],{},[15,133647,59646],{},[15,133649,125014],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1112,133652,133653],{"id":2536},[15,133654,59646],{},[233,133656,133657,133660],{},[236,133658,133659],{},"Returns the first match position",[236,133661,133662],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[41,133664,133666],{"className":43,"code":133665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133667,133668,133680,133704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133669,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133671,35372],{"class":56},[50,133673,61],{"class":60},[50,133675,81],{"class":68},[50,133677,4568],{"class":72},[50,133679,4082],{"class":68},[50,133681,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133683,366],{"class":151},[50,133685,155],{"class":64},[50,133687,35393],{"class":158},[50,133689,838],{"class":64},[50,133691,2536],{"class":158},[50,133693,155],{"class":64},[50,133695,69],{"class":68},[50,133697,61126],{"class":72},[50,133699,69],{"class":68},[50,133701,6075],{"class":64},[50,133703,28470],{"class":4385},[50,133705,133706],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133707,133708],{"class":4385},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1112,133710,133711],{"id":129043},[15,133712,125014],{},[233,133714,133715,133717],{},[236,133716,133659],{},[236,133718,12126,133719,133721],{},[15,133720,66532],{}," if nothing is found",[41,133723,133725],{"className":43,"code":133724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133726,133727,133739,133763],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133728,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133730,35372],{"class":56},[50,133732,61],{"class":60},[50,133734,81],{"class":68},[50,133736,4568],{"class":72},[50,133738,4082],{"class":68},[50,133740,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133742,366],{"class":151},[50,133744,155],{"class":64},[50,133746,35393],{"class":158},[50,133748,838],{"class":64},[50,133750,129043],{"class":158},[50,133752,155],{"class":64},[50,133754,69],{"class":68},[50,133756,61126],{"class":72},[50,133758,69],{"class":68},[50,133760,6075],{"class":64},[50,133762,28470],{"class":4385},[50,133764,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133766,366],{"class":151},[50,133768,155],{"class":64},[50,133770,35393],{"class":158},[50,133772,838],{"class":64},[50,133774,129043],{"class":158},[50,133776,155],{"class":64},[50,133778,69],{"class":68},[50,133780,22775],{"class":72},[50,133782,69],{"class":68},[50,133784,6075],{"class":64},[50,133786,129399],{"class":4385},[20,133788,221,133789,133791],{},[15,133790,59646],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133793,221,133794,133796],{},[15,133795,125014],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133798,133799,133800,3602,133805,838],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[335,133801,133802,133804],{"href":130662},[15,133803,133533],{}," method reference",[335,133806,128055],{"href":133807},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[36,133809,3553],{"id":3552},[20,133811,133812,133813,1408],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133814,59646],{},[233,133816,133817,133820,133827,133832,133837],{},[236,133818,133819],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[236,133821,2120,133822,9166,133824,133826],{},[15,133823,59646],{},[15,133825,66532],{}," when no match exists",[236,133828,2447,133829,133831],{},[15,133830,59646],{}," on a value that may not be present",[236,133833,133834,133835],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133836,309],{},[236,133838,5299,133839,133841],{},[15,133840,59646],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133843,62974],{},[41,133845,133847],{"className":43,"code":133846,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133848,133849,133859,133873,133895,133917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133850,133851,133853,133855,133857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133852,366],{"class":151},[50,133854,155],{"class":64},[50,133856,35393],{"class":158},[50,133858,186],{"class":64},[50,133860,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,133862,366],{"class":151},[50,133864,155],{"class":64},[50,133866,42455],{"class":151},[50,133868,155],{"class":64},[50,133870,35393],{"class":158},[50,133872,1077],{"class":64},[50,133874,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,133876,366],{"class":151},[50,133878,155],{"class":64},[50,133880,35393],{"class":158},[50,133882,838],{"class":64},[50,133884,2536],{"class":158},[50,133886,155],{"class":64},[50,133888,69],{"class":68},[50,133890,3197],{"class":72},[50,133892,69],{"class":68},[50,133894,1077],{"class":64},[50,133896,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,133898,366],{"class":151},[50,133900,155],{"class":64},[50,133902,35393],{"class":158},[50,133904,838],{"class":64},[50,133906,129043],{"class":158},[50,133908,155],{"class":64},[50,133910,69],{"class":68},[50,133912,3197],{"class":72},[50,133914,69],{"class":68},[50,133916,1077],{"class":64},[50,133918,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,133920,366],{"class":151},[50,133922,155],{"class":64},[50,133924,35393],{"class":158},[50,133926,838],{"class":64},[50,133928,2536],{"class":158},[50,133930,155],{"class":64},[50,133932,69],{"class":68},[50,133934,3197],{"class":72},[50,133936,69],{"class":68},[50,133938,78],{"class":64},[50,133940,36729],{"class":158},[50,133942,78],{"class":64},[50,133944,65718],{"class":158},[50,133946,1077],{"class":64},[20,133948,133949],{},"Tips:",[233,133951,133952,133957,133962,133965],{},[236,133953,221,133954,133956],{},[15,133955,126941],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[236,133958,221,133959,133961],{},[15,133960,125014],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[236,133963,133964],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[236,133966,133967,133968],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133969,2842],{},[36,133971,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,133973,130522,133975,13419],{"id":133974},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133976,59646],{},[20,133978,133979],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1112,133981,133983],{"id":133982},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133985,77531,133986,838],{},[15,133987,41381],{},[1112,133989,5893,133991,827,133993,2582],{"id":133990},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133992,59646],{},[15,133994,125014],{},[20,133996,133997,133999,134000,3121,134002,7344],{},[15,133998,59646],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,134001,125014],{},[15,134003,66532],{},[1112,134005,5883,134007,134009],{"id":134006},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,134008,59646],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,134011,134012],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1112,134014,134016,134017,125355],{"id":134015},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,134018,59646],{},[20,134020,130547],{},[36,134022,2610],{"id":2609},[233,134024,134025,134031,134035,134040,134046],{},[236,134026,134027],{},[335,134028,134029,11442],{"href":130662},[15,134030,133533],{},[236,134032,134033],{},[335,134034,125418],{"href":133807},[236,134036,134037],{},[335,134038,130623],{"href":134039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[236,134041,134042],{},[335,134043,134044,11442],{"href":125469},[15,134045,59268],{},[236,134047,134048],{},[335,134049,31037,134050],{"href":133634},[15,134051,129989],{},[2640,134053,134054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":134056},[134057,134058,134060,134061,134062,134063,134065,134070,134071,134082],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":132693,"depth":101,"text":134059},"What str.index() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698},{"id":66084,"depth":101,"text":66867},{"id":133455,"depth":101,"text":134064},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133639,"depth":101,"text":134066,"children":134067},"index() vs find()",[134068,134069],{"id":2536,"depth":127,"text":59646},{"id":129043,"depth":127,"text":125014},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":134072},[134073,134075,134076,134078,134080],{"id":133974,"depth":127,"text":134074},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133982,"depth":127,"text":133983},{"id":133990,"depth":127,"text":134077},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":134006,"depth":127,"text":134079},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":134015,"depth":127,"text":134081},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132602,"description":134083},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":134090,"title":134091,"body":134092,"description":136866,"extension":2687,"meta":136867,"navigation":130,"path":136868,"seo":136869,"stem":136870,"__hash__":136871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":134093,"toc":136802},[134094,134100,134105,134108,134111,134122,134124,134193,134195,134209,134214,134219,134224,134226,134269,134271,134354,134356,134402,134408,134410,134412,134432,134434,134457,134459,134533,134535,134553,134558,134560,134564,134636,134638,134652,134656,134732,134734,134753,134757,134851,134853,134862,134869,134945,134947,134965,134969,134972,134979,135028,135030,135039,135046,135105,135107,135125,135128,135135,135194,135196,135214,135221,135278,135280,135289,135293,135298,135302,135361,135363,135381,135385,135432,135437,135440,135509,135511,135528,135535,135541,135596,135601,135604,135681,135683,135701,135707,135713,135773,135775,135794,135800,135803,135810,135863,135868,135870,135931,135940,135947,135949,136006,136011,136013,136084,136088,136143,136145,136154,136159,136165,136234,136236,136268,136274,136282,136289,136295,136360,136362,136371,136377,136458,136460,136469,136474,136488,136495,136499,136504,136532,136534,136667,136670,136707,136709,136715,136724,136729,136732,136737,136742,136748,136751,136760,136763,136765,136794,136799],[10,134095,124019,134097,12024],{"id":134096},"python-string-join-method",[15,134098,134099],{},"join()",[20,134101,124024,134102,134104],{},[15,134103,134099],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134106,134107],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,134109,134110],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[233,134112,134113,134119],{},[236,134114,134115,134116,134118],{},"You call ",[15,134117,134099],{}," on the separator string",[236,134120,134121],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[36,134123,4331],{"id":4330},[41,134125,134127],{"className":43,"code":134126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,134128,134129,134162,134183],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134158,134160],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134132,4788],{"class":56},[50,134134,61],{"class":60},[50,134136,65],{"class":64},[50,134138,69],{"class":68},[50,134140,8010],{"class":72},[50,134142,69],{"class":68},[50,134144,78],{"class":64},[50,134146,81],{"class":68},[50,134148,12898],{"class":72},[50,134150,69],{"class":68},[50,134152,78],{"class":64},[50,134154,81],{"class":68},[50,134156,134157],{"class":72},"fun",[50,134159,69],{"class":68},[50,134161,98],{"class":64},[50,134163,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134177,134179,134181],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134165,2954],{"class":56},[50,134167,61],{"class":60},[50,134169,81],{"class":68},[50,134171,81],{"class":68},[50,134173,838],{"class":64},[50,134175,134176],{"class":158},"join",[50,134178,155],{"class":64},[50,134180,4832],{"class":158},[50,134182,186],{"class":64},[50,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134186,366],{"class":151},[50,134188,155],{"class":64},[50,134190,2989],{"class":158},[50,134192,186],{"class":64},[20,134194,189],{},[41,134196,134198],{"className":43,"code":134197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is fun\n",[15,134199,134200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134201,134202,134204,134206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134203,13],{"class":56},[50,134205,12898],{"class":60},[50,134207,134208],{"class":56}," fun\n",[20,134210,221,134211,134213],{},[15,134212,134099],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[36,134215,228,134217,231],{"id":134216},"what-join-does",[15,134218,134099],{},[20,134220,134221,134223],{},[15,134222,134099],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134225,12161],{},[233,134227,134228,134235,134263,134266],{},[236,134229,134230,134231,134234],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,134232,134233],{},".join()"," as the separator",[236,134236,134237,134238],{},"Common separators are:\n",[233,134239,134240,134246,134252,134258],{},[236,134241,134242,134245],{},[15,134243,134244],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[236,134247,134248,134251],{},[15,134249,134250],{},"\", \""," for commas",[236,134253,134254,134257],{},[15,134255,134256],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[236,134259,134260,134262],{},[15,134261,6985],{}," for no separator",[236,134264,134265],{},"It returns a new string",[236,134267,134268],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134270,2931],{},[41,134272,134274],{"className":43,"code":134273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134275,134276,134308,134330,134334,134344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134277,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134279,4788],{"class":56},[50,134281,61],{"class":60},[50,134283,65],{"class":64},[50,134285,69],{"class":68},[50,134287,13796],{"class":72},[50,134289,69],{"class":68},[50,134291,78],{"class":64},[50,134293,81],{"class":68},[50,134295,18154],{"class":72},[50,134297,69],{"class":68},[50,134299,78],{"class":64},[50,134301,81],{"class":68},[50,134303,13813],{"class":72},[50,134305,69],{"class":68},[50,134307,98],{"class":64},[50,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134311,2954],{"class":56},[50,134313,61],{"class":60},[50,134315,81],{"class":68},[50,134317,2912],{"class":72},[50,134319,69],{"class":68},[50,134321,838],{"class":64},[50,134323,134176],{"class":158},[50,134325,155],{"class":64},[50,134327,4832],{"class":158},[50,134329,186],{"class":64},[50,134331,134332],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134333,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134335,134336,134338,134340,134342],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134337,366],{"class":151},[50,134339,155],{"class":64},[50,134341,2989],{"class":158},[50,134343,186],{"class":64},[50,134345,134346,134348,134350,134352],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,134347,366],{"class":151},[50,134349,155],{"class":64},[50,134351,4832],{"class":158},[50,134353,186],{"class":64},[20,134355,189],{},[41,134357,134359],{"className":43,"code":134358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134360,134361,134374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134362,134363,134365,134367,134370,134372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134364,13796],{"class":56},[50,134366,78],{"class":64},[50,134368,134369],{"class":56}," green",[50,134371,78],{"class":64},[50,134373,36563],{"class":56},[50,134375,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134377,4620],{"class":64},[50,134379,413],{"class":68},[50,134381,13796],{"class":72},[50,134383,413],{"class":68},[50,134385,78],{"class":64},[50,134387,408],{"class":68},[50,134389,18154],{"class":72},[50,134391,413],{"class":68},[50,134393,78],{"class":64},[50,134395,408],{"class":68},[50,134397,13813],{"class":72},[50,134399,413],{"class":68},[50,134401,98],{"class":64},[20,134403,134404,134405,134407],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134406,134099],{}," creates a new string.",[36,134409,256],{"id":255},[20,134411,259],{},[41,134413,134415],{"className":43,"code":134414,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134416,134417],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134418,134419,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134420,134421],{"class":56},"separator",[50,134423,838],{"class":64},[50,134425,134176],{"class":158},[50,134427,155],{"class":64},[50,134429,4442],{"class":158},[50,134431,186],{"class":64},[1112,134433,49686],{"id":49685},[233,134435,134436,134449,134454],{},[236,134437,134438,134440,134441,2912,134443,2912,134445,2916,134447],{},[15,134439,134421],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134442,134244],{},[15,134444,134250],{},[15,134446,134256],{},[15,134448,6985],{},[236,134450,134451,134453],{},[15,134452,4442],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[236,134455,134456],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134458,2931],{},[41,134460,134462],{"className":43,"code":134461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134463,134464,134496,134519,134523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134465,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134467,57],{"class":56},[50,134469,61],{"class":60},[50,134471,65],{"class":64},[50,134473,69],{"class":68},[50,134475,73],{"class":72},[50,134477,69],{"class":68},[50,134479,78],{"class":64},[50,134481,81],{"class":68},[50,134483,84],{"class":72},[50,134485,69],{"class":68},[50,134487,78],{"class":64},[50,134489,81],{"class":68},[50,134491,93],{"class":72},[50,134493,69],{"class":68},[50,134495,98],{"class":64},[50,134497,134498,134500,134502,134504,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134499,2954],{"class":56},[50,134501,61],{"class":60},[50,134503,81],{"class":68},[50,134505,134506],{"class":72}," | ",[50,134508,69],{"class":68},[50,134510,838],{"class":64},[50,134512,134176],{"class":158},[50,134514,155],{"class":64},[50,134516,159],{"class":158},[50,134518,186],{"class":64},[50,134520,134521],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134522,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134526,366],{"class":151},[50,134528,155],{"class":64},[50,134530,2989],{"class":158},[50,134532,186],{"class":64},[20,134534,189],{},[41,134536,134538],{"className":43,"code":134537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134539,134540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134541,134542,134544,134546,134549,134551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134543,199],{"class":56},[50,134545,114526],{"class":60},[50,134547,134548],{"class":56}," Ben ",[50,134550,114526],{"class":60},[50,134552,36699],{"class":56},[20,134554,134555,134556,838],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[335,134557,125774],{"href":51652},[36,134559,122550],{"id":122549},[1112,134561,134563],{"id":134562},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[41,134565,134567],{"className":43,"code":134566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134568,134569,134602,134622,134626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134570,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134598,134600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134572,4788],{"class":56},[50,134574,61],{"class":60},[50,134576,65],{"class":64},[50,134578,69],{"class":68},[50,134580,8010],{"class":72},[50,134582,69],{"class":68},[50,134584,78],{"class":64},[50,134586,81],{"class":68},[50,134588,12898],{"class":72},[50,134590,69],{"class":68},[50,134592,78],{"class":64},[50,134594,81],{"class":68},[50,134596,134597],{"class":72},"easy",[50,134599,69],{"class":68},[50,134601,98],{"class":64},[50,134603,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134605,2954],{"class":56},[50,134607,61],{"class":60},[50,134609,81],{"class":68},[50,134611,81],{"class":68},[50,134613,838],{"class":64},[50,134615,134176],{"class":158},[50,134617,155],{"class":64},[50,134619,4832],{"class":158},[50,134621,186],{"class":64},[50,134623,134624],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134625,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134627,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134629,366],{"class":151},[50,134631,155],{"class":64},[50,134633,2989],{"class":158},[50,134635,186],{"class":64},[20,134637,189],{},[41,134639,134641],{"className":43,"code":134640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is easy\n",[15,134642,134643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134644,134645,134647,134649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134646,13],{"class":56},[50,134648,12898],{"class":60},[50,134650,134651],{"class":56}," easy\n",[1112,134653,134655],{"id":134654},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[41,134657,134659],{"className":43,"code":134658,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134660,134661,134696,134718,134722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134662,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134674,134676,134678,134680,134683,134685,134687,134689,134692,134694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134664,8493],{"class":56},[50,134666,61],{"class":60},[50,134668,65],{"class":64},[50,134670,69],{"class":68},[50,134672,134673],{"class":72},"apples",[50,134675,69],{"class":68},[50,134677,78],{"class":64},[50,134679,81],{"class":68},[50,134681,134682],{"class":72},"bananas",[50,134684,69],{"class":68},[50,134686,78],{"class":64},[50,134688,81],{"class":68},[50,134690,134691],{"class":72},"oranges",[50,134693,69],{"class":68},[50,134695,98],{"class":64},[50,134697,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134699,2954],{"class":56},[50,134701,61],{"class":60},[50,134703,81],{"class":68},[50,134705,2912],{"class":72},[50,134707,69],{"class":68},[50,134709,838],{"class":64},[50,134711,134176],{"class":158},[50,134713,155],{"class":64},[50,134715,8522],{"class":158},[50,134717,186],{"class":64},[50,134719,134720],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134721,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134723,134724,134726,134728,134730],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134725,366],{"class":151},[50,134727,155],{"class":64},[50,134729,2989],{"class":158},[50,134731,186],{"class":64},[20,134733,189],{},[41,134735,134737],{"className":43,"code":134736,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134738,134739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134740,134741,134743,134745,134748,134750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134742,134673],{"class":56},[50,134744,78],{"class":64},[50,134746,134747],{"class":56}," bananas",[50,134749,78],{"class":64},[50,134751,134752],{"class":56}," oranges\n",[1112,134754,134756],{"id":134755},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[41,134758,134760],{"className":43,"code":134759,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134761,134762,134819,134837,134841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134763,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134765,326],{"class":56},[50,134767,61],{"class":60},[50,134769,65],{"class":64},[50,134771,69],{"class":68},[50,134773,134774],{"class":72},"P",[50,134776,69],{"class":68},[50,134778,78],{"class":64},[50,134780,81],{"class":68},[50,134782,12449],{"class":72},[50,134784,69],{"class":68},[50,134786,78],{"class":64},[50,134788,81],{"class":68},[50,134790,63966],{"class":72},[50,134792,69],{"class":68},[50,134794,78],{"class":64},[50,134796,81],{"class":68},[50,134798,61117],{"class":72},[50,134800,69],{"class":68},[50,134802,78],{"class":64},[50,134804,81],{"class":68},[50,134806,61152],{"class":72},[50,134808,69],{"class":68},[50,134810,78],{"class":64},[50,134812,81],{"class":68},[50,134814,76703],{"class":72},[50,134816,69],{"class":68},[50,134818,98],{"class":64},[50,134820,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134822,2954],{"class":56},[50,134824,61],{"class":60},[50,134826,6839],{"class":68},[50,134828,838],{"class":64},[50,134830,134176],{"class":158},[50,134832,155],{"class":64},[50,134834,36820],{"class":158},[50,134836,186],{"class":64},[50,134838,134839],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134840,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134842,134843,134845,134847,134849],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134844,366],{"class":151},[50,134846,155],{"class":64},[50,134848,2989],{"class":158},[50,134850,186],{"class":64},[20,134852,189],{},[41,134854,134856],{"className":43,"code":134855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python\n",[15,134857,134858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134859,134860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134861,134855],{"class":56},[1112,134863,134865,134866,134868],{"id":134864},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134867,134099],{}," returns the result",[41,134870,134872],{"className":43,"code":134871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134873,134874,134907,134930,134934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134875,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134903,134905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134877,4788],{"class":56},[50,134879,61],{"class":60},[50,134881,65],{"class":64},[50,134883,69],{"class":68},[50,134885,7298],{"class":72},[50,134887,69],{"class":68},[50,134889,78],{"class":64},[50,134891,81],{"class":68},[50,134893,79944],{"class":72},[50,134895,69],{"class":68},[50,134897,78],{"class":64},[50,134899,81],{"class":68},[50,134901,134902],{"class":72},"three",[50,134904,69],{"class":68},[50,134906,98],{"class":64},[50,134908,134909,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,134910,134911],{"class":56},"joined_text ",[50,134913,61],{"class":60},[50,134915,81],{"class":68},[50,134917,2746],{"class":72},[50,134919,69],{"class":68},[50,134921,838],{"class":64},[50,134923,134176],{"class":158},[50,134925,155],{"class":64},[50,134927,4832],{"class":158},[50,134929,186],{"class":64},[50,134931,134932],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,134933,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,134935,134936,134938,134940,134943],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,134937,366],{"class":151},[50,134939,155],{"class":64},[50,134941,134942],{"class":158},"joined_text",[50,134944,186],{"class":64},[20,134946,189],{},[41,134948,134950],{"className":43,"code":134949,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one-two-three\n",[15,134951,134952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134955,7298],{"class":56},[50,134957,2746],{"class":60},[50,134959,79944],{"class":56},[50,134961,2746],{"class":60},[50,134963,134964],{"class":56},"three\n",[36,134966,134968],{"id":134967},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134970,134971],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1112,134973,134975,134978],{"id":134974},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134976,134977],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[41,134980,134982],{"className":43,"code":134981,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134983,134984,135008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134985,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134987,4788],{"class":56},[50,134989,61],{"class":60},[50,134991,65],{"class":64},[50,134993,69],{"class":68},[50,134995,4568],{"class":72},[50,134997,69],{"class":68},[50,134999,78],{"class":64},[50,135001,81],{"class":68},[50,135003,61270],{"class":72},[50,135005,69],{"class":68},[50,135007,98],{"class":64},[50,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135011,366],{"class":151},[50,135013,155],{"class":64},[50,135015,69],{"class":68},[50,135017,81],{"class":68},[50,135019,838],{"class":64},[50,135021,134176],{"class":158},[50,135023,155],{"class":64},[50,135025,4832],{"class":158},[50,135027,1077],{"class":64},[20,135029,189],{},[41,135031,135033],{"className":43,"code":135032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n",[15,135034,135035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135036,135037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135038,135032],{"class":56},[1112,135040,135042,135045],{"id":135041},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,135043,135044],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[41,135047,135049],{"className":43,"code":135048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,135050,135051,135083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135052,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135054,13779],{"class":56},[50,135056,61],{"class":60},[50,135058,65],{"class":64},[50,135060,69],{"class":68},[50,135062,13796],{"class":72},[50,135064,69],{"class":68},[50,135066,78],{"class":64},[50,135068,81],{"class":68},[50,135070,13813],{"class":72},[50,135072,69],{"class":68},[50,135074,78],{"class":64},[50,135076,81],{"class":68},[50,135078,18154],{"class":72},[50,135080,69],{"class":68},[50,135082,98],{"class":64},[50,135084,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135086,366],{"class":151},[50,135088,155],{"class":64},[50,135090,69],{"class":68},[50,135092,2912],{"class":72},[50,135094,69],{"class":68},[50,135096,838],{"class":64},[50,135098,134176],{"class":158},[50,135100,155],{"class":64},[50,135102,18201],{"class":158},[50,135104,1077],{"class":64},[20,135106,189],{},[41,135108,135110],{"className":43,"code":135109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, blue, green\n",[15,135111,135112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135113,135114,135116,135118,135121,135123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135115,13796],{"class":56},[50,135117,78],{"class":64},[50,135119,135120],{"class":56}," blue",[50,135122,78],{"class":64},[50,135124,36556],{"class":56},[20,135126,135127],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1112,135129,135131,135134],{"id":135130},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,135132,135133],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[41,135136,135138],{"className":43,"code":135137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,135139,135140,135172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135143,43513],{"class":56},[50,135145,61],{"class":60},[50,135147,65],{"class":64},[50,135149,69],{"class":68},[50,135151,45],{"class":72},[50,135153,69],{"class":68},[50,135155,78],{"class":64},[50,135157,81],{"class":68},[50,135159,61853],{"class":72},[50,135161,69],{"class":68},[50,135163,78],{"class":64},[50,135165,81],{"class":68},[50,135167,134176],{"class":72},[50,135169,69],{"class":68},[50,135171,98],{"class":64},[50,135173,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135175,366],{"class":151},[50,135177,155],{"class":64},[50,135179,69],{"class":68},[50,135181,2746],{"class":72},[50,135183,69],{"class":68},[50,135185,838],{"class":64},[50,135187,134176],{"class":158},[50,135189,155],{"class":64},[50,135191,43545],{"class":158},[50,135193,1077],{"class":64},[20,135195,189],{},[41,135197,135199],{"className":43,"code":135198,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python-string-join\n",[15,135200,135201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135202,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135204,45],{"class":56},[50,135206,2746],{"class":60},[50,135208,61853],{"class":56},[50,135210,2746],{"class":60},[50,135212,135213],{"class":56},"join\n",[1112,135215,135217,135220],{"id":135216},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,135218,135219],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[41,135222,135224],{"className":43,"code":135223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,135225,135226,135259],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135227,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135255,135257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135229,113598],{"class":56},[50,135231,61],{"class":60},[50,135233,65],{"class":64},[50,135235,69],{"class":68},[50,135237,522],{"class":72},[50,135239,69],{"class":68},[50,135241,78],{"class":64},[50,135243,81],{"class":68},[50,135245,531],{"class":72},[50,135247,69],{"class":68},[50,135249,78],{"class":64},[50,135251,81],{"class":68},[50,135253,135254],{"class":72},"C",[50,135256,69],{"class":68},[50,135258,98],{"class":64},[50,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135276],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135262,366],{"class":151},[50,135264,155],{"class":64},[50,135266,6985],{"class":68},[50,135268,838],{"class":64},[50,135270,134176],{"class":158},[50,135272,155],{"class":64},[50,135274,135275],{"class":158},"chars",[50,135277,1077],{"class":64},[20,135279,189],{},[41,135281,135283],{"className":43,"code":135282,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ABC\n",[15,135284,135285],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135286,135287],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135288,135282],{"class":35138},[36,135290,135292],{"id":135291},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135294,135295,135297],{},[15,135296,134099],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1112,135299,135301],{"id":135300},"this-works","This works",[41,135303,135305],{"className":43,"code":135304,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135306,135307,135339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135308,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135310,1321],{"class":56},[50,135312,61],{"class":60},[50,135314,65],{"class":64},[50,135316,69],{"class":68},[50,135318,1868],{"class":72},[50,135320,69],{"class":68},[50,135322,78],{"class":64},[50,135324,81],{"class":68},[50,135326,16457],{"class":72},[50,135328,69],{"class":68},[50,135330,78],{"class":64},[50,135332,81],{"class":68},[50,135334,37518],{"class":72},[50,135336,69],{"class":68},[50,135338,98],{"class":64},[50,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135342,366],{"class":151},[50,135344,155],{"class":64},[50,135346,69],{"class":68},[50,135348,2912],{"class":72},[50,135350,69],{"class":68},[50,135352,838],{"class":64},[50,135354,134176],{"class":158},[50,135356,155],{"class":64},[50,135358,6072],{"class":158},[50,135360,1077],{"class":64},[20,135362,189],{},[41,135364,135366],{"className":43,"code":135365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135367,135368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135369,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135371,1868],{"class":111},[50,135373,78],{"class":64},[50,135375,1873],{"class":111},[50,135377,78],{"class":64},[50,135379,135380],{"class":111}," 30\n",[1112,135382,135384],{"id":135383},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[41,135386,135388],{"className":43,"code":135387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135389,135390,135410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135391,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135393,1321],{"class":56},[50,135395,61],{"class":60},[50,135397,65],{"class":64},[50,135399,309],{"class":111},[50,135401,78],{"class":64},[50,135403,314],{"class":111},[50,135405,78],{"class":64},[50,135407,319],{"class":111},[50,135409,98],{"class":64},[50,135411,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135413,366],{"class":151},[50,135415,155],{"class":64},[50,135417,69],{"class":68},[50,135419,2912],{"class":72},[50,135421,69],{"class":68},[50,135423,838],{"class":64},[50,135425,134176],{"class":158},[50,135427,155],{"class":64},[50,135429,6072],{"class":158},[50,135431,1077],{"class":64},[20,135433,90978,135434,135436],{},[15,135435,3727],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135438,135439],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[41,135441,135443],{"className":43,"code":135442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135444,135445,135465,135495,135499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135446,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135448,1321],{"class":56},[50,135450,61],{"class":60},[50,135452,65],{"class":64},[50,135454,309],{"class":111},[50,135456,78],{"class":64},[50,135458,314],{"class":111},[50,135460,78],{"class":64},[50,135462,319],{"class":111},[50,135464,98],{"class":64},[50,135466,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135468,2954],{"class":56},[50,135470,61],{"class":60},[50,135472,81],{"class":68},[50,135474,2912],{"class":72},[50,135476,69],{"class":68},[50,135478,838],{"class":64},[50,135480,134176],{"class":158},[50,135482,155],{"class":64},[50,135484,40536],{"class":151},[50,135486,155],{"class":64},[50,135488,4167],{"class":371},[50,135490,78],{"class":64},[50,135492,1375],{"class":158},[50,135494,1077],{"class":64},[50,135496,135497],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,135498,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,135502,366],{"class":151},[50,135504,155],{"class":64},[50,135506,2989],{"class":158},[50,135508,186],{"class":64},[20,135510,189],{},[41,135512,135514],{"className":43,"code":135513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135515,135516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135517,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135519,309],{"class":111},[50,135521,78],{"class":64},[50,135523,314],{"class":111},[50,135525,78],{"class":64},[50,135527,3299],{"class":111},[20,135529,135530,135531,838],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[335,135532,13,135533,2551],{"href":42851},[15,135534,48359],{},[1112,135536,135538,135540],{"id":135537},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135539,4501],{}," values do not work directly",[41,135542,135544],{"className":43,"code":135543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135545,135546,135574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135547,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135549,1321],{"class":56},[50,135551,61],{"class":60},[50,135553,65],{"class":64},[50,135555,69],{"class":68},[50,135557,4797],{"class":72},[50,135559,69],{"class":68},[50,135561,78],{"class":64},[50,135563,4575],{"class":1806},[50,135565,78],{"class":64},[50,135567,81],{"class":68},[50,135569,4806],{"class":72},[50,135571,69],{"class":68},[50,135573,98],{"class":64},[50,135575,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135577,366],{"class":151},[50,135579,155],{"class":64},[50,135581,69],{"class":68},[50,135583,2912],{"class":72},[50,135585,69],{"class":68},[50,135587,838],{"class":64},[50,135589,134176],{"class":158},[50,135591,155],{"class":64},[50,135593,6072],{"class":158},[50,135595,1077],{"class":64},[20,135597,135598,135599,838],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135600,3727],{},[20,135602,135603],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[41,135605,135607],{"className":43,"code":135606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135608,135609,135637,135667,135671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135610,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135612,1321],{"class":56},[50,135614,61],{"class":60},[50,135616,65],{"class":64},[50,135618,69],{"class":68},[50,135620,4797],{"class":72},[50,135622,69],{"class":68},[50,135624,78],{"class":64},[50,135626,4575],{"class":1806},[50,135628,78],{"class":64},[50,135630,81],{"class":68},[50,135632,4806],{"class":72},[50,135634,69],{"class":68},[50,135636,98],{"class":64},[50,135638,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135640,2954],{"class":56},[50,135642,61],{"class":60},[50,135644,81],{"class":68},[50,135646,2912],{"class":72},[50,135648,69],{"class":68},[50,135650,838],{"class":64},[50,135652,134176],{"class":158},[50,135654,155],{"class":64},[50,135656,40536],{"class":151},[50,135658,155],{"class":64},[50,135660,4167],{"class":371},[50,135662,78],{"class":64},[50,135664,1375],{"class":158},[50,135666,1077],{"class":64},[50,135668,135669],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,135670,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,135672,135673,135675,135677,135679],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,135674,366],{"class":151},[50,135676,155],{"class":64},[50,135678,2989],{"class":158},[50,135680,186],{"class":64},[20,135682,189],{},[41,135684,135686],{"className":43,"code":135685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135687,135688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135689,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135691,4797],{"class":56},[50,135693,78],{"class":64},[50,135695,4575],{"class":1806},[50,135697,78],{"class":64},[50,135699,135700],{"class":56}," banana\n",[20,135702,135703,135704,135706],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135705,4501],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1112,135708,135710,135712],{"id":135709},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135711,134099],{}," also works with tuples",[41,135714,135716],{"className":43,"code":135715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135717,135718,135750],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135719,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135721,57],{"class":56},[50,135723,61],{"class":60},[50,135725,419],{"class":64},[50,135727,69],{"class":68},[50,135729,8390],{"class":72},[50,135731,69],{"class":68},[50,135733,78],{"class":64},[50,135735,81],{"class":68},[50,135737,132105],{"class":72},[50,135739,69],{"class":68},[50,135741,78],{"class":64},[50,135743,81],{"class":68},[50,135745,8634],{"class":72},[50,135747,69],{"class":68},[50,135749,186],{"class":64},[50,135751,135752,135754,135756,135758,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135753,366],{"class":151},[50,135755,155],{"class":64},[50,135757,69],{"class":68},[50,135759,135760],{"class":72}," \u002F ",[50,135762,69],{"class":68},[50,135764,838],{"class":64},[50,135766,134176],{"class":158},[50,135768,155],{"class":64},[50,135770,159],{"class":158},[50,135772,1077],{"class":64},[20,135774,189],{},[41,135776,135778],{"className":43,"code":135777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135779,135780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135781,135782,135785,135787,135790,135792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135783,135784],{"class":56},"Sam ",[50,135786,127911],{"class":60},[50,135788,135789],{"class":56}," Lee ",[50,135791,127911],{"class":60},[50,135793,23028],{"class":56},[36,135795,135797,135798],{"id":135796},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135799,134099],{},[20,135801,135802],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1112,135804,135806,135807,135809],{"id":135805},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135808,3727],{}," because not all items are strings",[41,135811,135813],{"className":43,"code":135812,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135814,135815,135843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135816,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135818,8493],{"class":56},[50,135820,61],{"class":60},[50,135822,65],{"class":64},[50,135824,69],{"class":68},[50,135826,335],{"class":72},[50,135828,69],{"class":68},[50,135830,78],{"class":64},[50,135832,314],{"class":111},[50,135834,78],{"class":64},[50,135836,81],{"class":68},[50,135838,353],{"class":72},[50,135840,69],{"class":68},[50,135842,98],{"class":64},[50,135844,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135846,366],{"class":151},[50,135848,155],{"class":64},[50,135850,69],{"class":68},[50,135852,81],{"class":68},[50,135854,838],{"class":64},[50,135856,134176],{"class":158},[50,135858,155],{"class":64},[50,135860,8522],{"class":158},[50,135862,1077],{"class":64},[20,135864,49186,135865,135867],{},[15,135866,422],{}," is an integer.",[20,135869,39938],{},[41,135871,135873],{"className":43,"code":135872,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135874,135875,135903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135876,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135878,8493],{"class":56},[50,135880,61],{"class":60},[50,135882,65],{"class":64},[50,135884,69],{"class":68},[50,135886,335],{"class":72},[50,135888,69],{"class":68},[50,135890,78],{"class":64},[50,135892,314],{"class":111},[50,135894,78],{"class":64},[50,135896,81],{"class":68},[50,135898,353],{"class":72},[50,135900,69],{"class":68},[50,135902,98],{"class":64},[50,135904,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135906,366],{"class":151},[50,135908,155],{"class":64},[50,135910,69],{"class":68},[50,135912,81],{"class":68},[50,135914,838],{"class":64},[50,135916,134176],{"class":158},[50,135918,155],{"class":64},[50,135920,40536],{"class":151},[50,135922,155],{"class":64},[50,135924,4167],{"class":371},[50,135926,78],{"class":64},[50,135928,6678],{"class":158},[50,135930,389],{"class":64},[20,135932,135933,135934,838],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[335,135935,26370,135937],{"href":135936},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135938,135939],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1112,135941,135943,135944,135946],{"id":135942},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135945,134099],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135948,5245],{},[41,135950,135952],{"className":43,"code":135951,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135953,135954,135986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135955,135956,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982,135984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135957,4788],{"class":56},[50,135959,61],{"class":60},[50,135961,65],{"class":64},[50,135963,69],{"class":68},[50,135965,8010],{"class":72},[50,135967,69],{"class":68},[50,135969,78],{"class":64},[50,135971,81],{"class":68},[50,135973,12898],{"class":72},[50,135975,69],{"class":68},[50,135977,78],{"class":64},[50,135979,81],{"class":68},[50,135981,134157],{"class":72},[50,135983,69],{"class":68},[50,135985,98],{"class":64},[50,135987,135988,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998,136000,136002,136004],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,135989,2954],{"class":56},[50,135991,61],{"class":60},[50,135993,6881],{"class":56},[50,135995,838],{"class":64},[50,135997,134176],{"class":158},[50,135999,155],{"class":64},[50,136001,69],{"class":68},[50,136003,81],{"class":68},[50,136005,186],{"class":64},[20,136007,136008,136010],{},[15,136009,134099],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,136012,11509],{},[41,136014,136016],{"className":43,"code":136015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136017,136018,136050,136070,136074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136019,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032,136034,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136021,4788],{"class":56},[50,136023,61],{"class":60},[50,136025,65],{"class":64},[50,136027,69],{"class":68},[50,136029,8010],{"class":72},[50,136031,69],{"class":68},[50,136033,78],{"class":64},[50,136035,81],{"class":68},[50,136037,12898],{"class":72},[50,136039,69],{"class":68},[50,136041,78],{"class":64},[50,136043,81],{"class":68},[50,136045,134157],{"class":72},[50,136047,69],{"class":68},[50,136049,98],{"class":64},[50,136051,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066,136068],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136053,2954],{"class":56},[50,136055,61],{"class":60},[50,136057,81],{"class":68},[50,136059,81],{"class":68},[50,136061,838],{"class":64},[50,136063,134176],{"class":158},[50,136065,155],{"class":64},[50,136067,4832],{"class":158},[50,136069,186],{"class":64},[50,136071,136072],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136073,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,136075,136076,136078,136080,136082],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,136077,366],{"class":151},[50,136079,155],{"class":64},[50,136081,2989],{"class":158},[50,136083,186],{"class":64},[1112,136085,136087],{"id":136086},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[41,136089,136091],{"className":43,"code":136090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,136092,136093,136125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136094,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105,136107,136109,136111,136113,136115,136117,136119,136121,136123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136096,4788],{"class":56},[50,136098,61],{"class":60},[50,136100,65],{"class":64},[50,136102,69],{"class":68},[50,136104,7298],{"class":72},[50,136106,69],{"class":68},[50,136108,78],{"class":64},[50,136110,81],{"class":68},[50,136112,79944],{"class":72},[50,136114,69],{"class":68},[50,136116,78],{"class":64},[50,136118,81],{"class":68},[50,136120,134902],{"class":72},[50,136122,69],{"class":68},[50,136124,98],{"class":64},[50,136126,136127,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137,136139,136141],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136128,366],{"class":151},[50,136130,155],{"class":64},[50,136132,6985],{"class":68},[50,136134,838],{"class":64},[50,136136,134176],{"class":158},[50,136138,155],{"class":64},[50,136140,4832],{"class":158},[50,136142,1077],{"class":64},[20,136144,189],{},[41,136146,136148],{"className":43,"code":136147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"onetwothree\n",[15,136149,136150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136151,136152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136153,136147],{"class":56},[20,136155,136156,136157,7344],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,136158,134244],{},[1112,136160,136162,136163,132367],{"id":136161},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,136164,134099],{},[41,136166,136168],{"className":43,"code":136167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,136169,136170,136202,136220,136224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136171,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136173,4788],{"class":56},[50,136175,61],{"class":60},[50,136177,65],{"class":64},[50,136179,69],{"class":68},[50,136181,335],{"class":72},[50,136183,69],{"class":68},[50,136185,78],{"class":64},[50,136187,81],{"class":68},[50,136189,344],{"class":72},[50,136191,69],{"class":68},[50,136193,78],{"class":64},[50,136195,81],{"class":68},[50,136197,353],{"class":72},[50,136199,69],{"class":68},[50,136201,98],{"class":64},[50,136203,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136205,69],{"class":44005},[50,136207,2746],{"class":44009},[50,136209,69],{"class":44005},[50,136211,838],{"class":64},[50,136213,134176],{"class":158},[50,136215,155],{"class":64},[50,136217,4832],{"class":158},[50,136219,186],{"class":64},[50,136221,136222],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136223,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,136225,136226,136228,136230,136232],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,136227,366],{"class":151},[50,136229,155],{"class":64},[50,136231,4832],{"class":158},[50,136233,186],{"class":64},[20,136235,189],{},[41,136237,136238],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,136239,136240],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136241,136242,136244,136246,136248,136250,136252,136254,136256,136258,136260,136262,136264,136266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136243,4620],{"class":64},[50,136245,413],{"class":68},[50,136247,335],{"class":72},[50,136249,413],{"class":68},[50,136251,78],{"class":64},[50,136253,408],{"class":68},[50,136255,344],{"class":72},[50,136257,413],{"class":68},[50,136259,78],{"class":64},[50,136261,408],{"class":68},[50,136263,353],{"class":72},[50,136265,413],{"class":68},[50,136267,98],{"class":64},[20,136269,136270,136271,136273],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136272,134099],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[36,136275,136277,136279,136280],{"id":136276},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136278,134099],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136281,2783],{},[20,136283,11291,136284,827,136286,136288],{},[15,136285,134099],{},[15,136287,2783],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1112,136290,221,136292,136294],{"id":136291},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136293,2783],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[41,136296,136298],{"className":43,"code":136297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136299,136300,136313,136326,136346,136350],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136301,136302,136305,136307,136309,136311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136303,136304],{"class":56},"first ",[50,136306,61],{"class":60},[50,136308,81],{"class":68},[50,136310,35552],{"class":72},[50,136312,4082],{"class":68},[50,136314,136315,136318,136320,136322,136324],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136316,136317],{"class":56},"second ",[50,136319,61],{"class":60},[50,136321,81],{"class":68},[50,136323,90407],{"class":72},[50,136325,4082],{"class":68},[50,136327,136328,136330,136332,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136329,2954],{"class":56},[50,136331,61],{"class":60},[50,136333,136334],{"class":56}," first ",[50,136336,2783],{"class":60},[50,136338,81],{"class":68},[50,136340,81],{"class":68},[50,136342,3178],{"class":60},[50,136344,136345],{"class":56}," second\n",[50,136347,136348],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,136349,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,136351,136352,136354,136356,136358],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,136353,366],{"class":151},[50,136355,155],{"class":64},[50,136357,2989],{"class":158},[50,136359,186],{"class":64},[20,136361,189],{},[41,136363,136365],{"className":43,"code":136364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello World\n",[15,136366,136367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136368,136369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136370,136364],{"class":56},[1112,136372,221,136374,136376],{"id":136373},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136375,134099],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[41,136378,136380],{"className":43,"code":136379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136381,136382,136424,136444,136448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136403,136405,136407,136409,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136385,4788],{"class":56},[50,136387,61],{"class":60},[50,136389,65],{"class":64},[50,136391,69],{"class":68},[50,136393,8010],{"class":72},[50,136395,69],{"class":68},[50,136397,78],{"class":64},[50,136399,81],{"class":68},[50,136401,136402],{"class":72},"makes",[50,136404,69],{"class":68},[50,136406,78],{"class":64},[50,136408,81],{"class":68},[50,136410,136411],{"class":72},"this",[50,136413,69],{"class":68},[50,136415,78],{"class":64},[50,136417,81],{"class":68},[50,136419,134597],{"class":72},[50,136421,69],{"class":68},[50,136423,98],{"class":64},[50,136425,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136427,2954],{"class":56},[50,136429,61],{"class":60},[50,136431,81],{"class":68},[50,136433,81],{"class":68},[50,136435,838],{"class":64},[50,136437,134176],{"class":158},[50,136439,155],{"class":64},[50,136441,4832],{"class":158},[50,136443,186],{"class":64},[50,136445,136446],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136447,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,136451,366],{"class":151},[50,136453,155],{"class":64},[50,136455,2989],{"class":158},[50,136457,186],{"class":64},[20,136459,189],{},[41,136461,136463],{"className":43,"code":136462,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136464,136465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136466,136467],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136468,136462],{"class":56},[20,136470,136471,136473],{},[15,136472,134099],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[233,136475,136476,136479,136482],{},[236,136477,136478],{},"You already have a list of strings",[236,136480,136481],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[236,136483,136484,136485,136487],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136486,2783],{}," operators",[20,136489,136490,136491,838],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[335,136492,136494],{"href":136493},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[36,136496,136498],{"id":136497},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136500,9587,136501,136503],{},[15,136502,134099],{}," is not working, check these first:",[233,136505,136506,136509,136514,136523,136529],{},[236,136507,136508],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[236,136510,136511,136512],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136513,4501],{},[236,136515,136516,136517,11794,136520],{},"You may have written ",[15,136518,136519],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136521,136522],{},"string.join(...)",[236,136524,136525,136526,136528],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136527,134099],{}," to change the original iterable",[236,136530,136531],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136533,95045],{},[41,136535,136537],{"className":43,"code":136536,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136538,136539,136553,136563,136587,136627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136542,366],{"class":151},[50,136544,155],{"class":64},[50,136546,3945],{"class":371},[50,136548,155],{"class":64},[50,136550,8522],{"class":158},[50,136552,1077],{"class":64},[50,136554,136555,136557,136559,136561],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136556,366],{"class":151},[50,136558,155],{"class":64},[50,136560,8522],{"class":158},[50,136562,186],{"class":64},[50,136564,136565,136567,136569,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136566,366],{"class":151},[50,136568,2182],{"class":64},[50,136570,3945],{"class":371},[50,136572,155],{"class":64},[50,136574,2238],{"class":158},[50,136576,4382],{"class":64},[50,136578,4599],{"class":137},[50,136580,2221],{"class":158},[50,136582,148],{"class":137},[50,136584,6678],{"class":158},[50,136586,2210],{"class":64},[50,136588,136589,136591,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,136590,366],{"class":151},[50,136592,155],{"class":64},[50,136594,413],{"class":68},[50,136596,408],{"class":68},[50,136598,838],{"class":64},[50,136600,134176],{"class":158},[50,136602,2182],{"class":64},[50,136604,413],{"class":68},[50,136606,335],{"class":72},[50,136608,413],{"class":68},[50,136610,78],{"class":64},[50,136612,408],{"class":68},[50,136614,344],{"class":72},[50,136616,413],{"class":68},[50,136618,78],{"class":64},[50,136620,408],{"class":68},[50,136622,353],{"class":72},[50,136624,413],{"class":68},[50,136626,3721],{"class":64},[50,136628,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639,136641,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,136630,366],{"class":151},[50,136632,155],{"class":64},[50,136634,413],{"class":68},[50,136636,2912],{"class":72},[50,136638,413],{"class":68},[50,136640,838],{"class":64},[50,136642,134176],{"class":158},[50,136644,155],{"class":64},[50,136646,40536],{"class":151},[50,136648,155],{"class":64},[50,136650,4167],{"class":371},[50,136652,78],{"class":64},[50,136654,65],{"class":64},[50,136656,309],{"class":111},[50,136658,78],{"class":64},[50,136660,314],{"class":111},[50,136662,78],{"class":64},[50,136664,319],{"class":111},[50,136666,37942],{"class":64},[20,136668,136669],{},"What these checks do:",[233,136671,136672,136680,136686,136692,136701],{},[236,136673,136674,136677,136678,8808],{},[15,136675,136676],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136679,8522],{},[236,136681,136682,136685],{},[15,136683,136684],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[236,136687,136688,136691],{},[15,136689,136690],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[236,136693,136694,136697,136698,136700],{},[15,136695,136696],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136699,134099],{}," behavior",[236,136702,136703,136706],{},[15,136704,136705],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[36,136708,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,136710,2569,136712,136714],{"id":136711},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136713,134099],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136716,136717,136718,136720,136721,838],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136719,134099],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136722,136723],{},"map(str, values)",[1112,136725,2569,136727,57841],{"id":136726},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136728,134099],{},[20,136730,136731],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1112,136733,29019,136735,63314],{"id":136734},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136736,134099],{},[20,136738,42828,136739,136741],{},[15,136740,134099],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1112,136743,2559,136745,40637],{"id":136744},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136746,136747],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136749,136750],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1112,136752,136754,136755,136757,136758,2582],{"id":136753},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136756,3727],{}," when using ",[15,136759,134099],{},[20,136761,136762],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[36,136764,2610],{"id":2609},[233,136766,136767,136772,136778,136784,136790],{},[236,136768,136769],{},[335,136770,136771],{"href":136493},"How to join strings in Python",[236,136773,136774],{},[335,136775,127019,136776,11442],{"href":129705},[15,136777,61210],{},[236,136779,136780],{},[335,136781,13,136782,2551],{"href":42851},[15,136783,48359],{},[236,136785,136786],{},[335,136787,31037,136788],{"href":135936},[15,136789,135939],{},[236,136791,136792],{},[335,136793,125774],{"href":51652},[20,136795,98015,136796,136798],{},[15,136797,134099],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2640,136800,136801],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":136803},[136804,136805,136807,136810,136817,136827,136835,136845,136852,136853,136865],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":134216,"depth":101,"text":136806},"What join() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":136808},[136809],{"id":49685,"depth":127,"text":49686},{"id":122549,"depth":101,"text":122550,"children":136811},[136812,136813,136814,136815],{"id":134562,"depth":127,"text":134563},{"id":134654,"depth":127,"text":134655},{"id":134755,"depth":127,"text":134756},{"id":134864,"depth":127,"text":136816},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134967,"depth":101,"text":134968,"children":136818},[136819,136821,136823,136825],{"id":134974,"depth":127,"text":136820},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":135041,"depth":127,"text":136822},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":135130,"depth":127,"text":136824},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135216,"depth":127,"text":136826},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135291,"depth":101,"text":135292,"children":136828},[136829,136830,136831,136833],{"id":135300,"depth":127,"text":135301},{"id":135383,"depth":127,"text":135384},{"id":135537,"depth":127,"text":136832},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135709,"depth":127,"text":136834},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135796,"depth":101,"text":136836,"children":136837},"Common errors with join()",[136838,136840,136842,136843],{"id":135805,"depth":127,"text":136839},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135942,"depth":127,"text":136841},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":136086,"depth":127,"text":136087},{"id":136161,"depth":127,"text":136844},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136276,"depth":101,"text":136846,"children":136847},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136848,136850],{"id":136291,"depth":127,"text":136849},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136373,"depth":127,"text":136851},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136497,"depth":101,"text":136498},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":136854},[136855,136857,136859,136861,136863],{"id":136711,"depth":127,"text":136856},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136726,"depth":127,"text":136858},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136734,"depth":127,"text":136860},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136744,"depth":127,"text":136862},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136753,"depth":127,"text":136864},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":134091,"description":136866},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136873,"title":136874,"body":136875,"description":138443,"extension":2687,"meta":138444,"navigation":130,"path":138445,"seo":138446,"stem":138447,"__hash__":138448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136876,"toc":138410},[136877,136882,136887,136889,136903,136948,136955,136960,136965,136967,136983,136992,136994,136996,137011,137013,137023,137025,137087,137089,137092,137153,137155,137171,137173,137186,137189,137236,137238,137244,137247,137250,137310,137318,137404,137408,137413,137415,137429,137432,137517,137520,137578,137589,137644,137646,137653,137659,137665,137709,137712,137759,137761,137763,137770,137772,137803,137806,137808,137839,137843,137846,137848,137888,137890,137933,137939,137944,137946,137973,137978,137981,138030,138034,138037,138112,138123,138126,138183,138190,138196,138204,138209,138216,138223,138241,138243,138297,138305,138307,138312,138315,138321,138327,138332,138335,138341,138347,138354,138362,138364,138407],[10,136878,124019,136880,12024],{"id":136879},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136881,124749],{},[20,136883,124024,136884,136886],{},[15,136885,124749],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136888,24780],{},[233,136890,136891,136894,136897,136900],{},[236,136892,136893],{},"convert text to lowercase",[236,136895,136896],{},"compare text without case differences",[236,136898,136899],{},"clean up user input",[236,136901,136902],{},"make simple text matching easier",[41,136904,136906],{"className":43,"code":136905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136907,136908,136921,136935],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136909,136910,136912,136914,136916,136919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136911,35372],{"class":56},[50,136913,61],{"class":60},[50,136915,81],{"class":68},[50,136917,136918],{"class":72},"Hello WORLD",[50,136920,4082],{"class":68},[50,136922,136923,136925,136927,136929,136931,136933],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,136924,2954],{"class":56},[50,136926,61],{"class":60},[50,136928,43518],{"class":56},[50,136930,838],{"class":64},[50,136932,9351],{"class":158},[50,136934,9354],{"class":64},[50,136936,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,136938,366],{"class":151},[50,136940,155],{"class":64},[50,136942,2989],{"class":158},[50,136944,4382],{"class":64},[50,136946,136947],{"class":4385},"  # hello world\n",[20,136949,136950,89630,136952,136954],{},[4465,136951,84489],{},[15,136953,124749],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[36,136956,228,136958,231],{"id":136957},"what-lower-does",[15,136959,124749],{},[20,136961,136962,136964],{},[15,136963,124749],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136966,13755],{},[233,136968,136969,136974,136977,136980],{},[236,136970,136971,136973],{},[15,136972,124749],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[236,136975,136976],{},"It works on string objects",[236,136978,136979],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[236,136981,136982],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136984,125771,136985,136989,136990,838],{},[335,136986,136988],{"href":136987},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[335,136991,51653],{"href":51652},[36,136993,256],{"id":255},[20,136995,2882],{},[41,136997,136999],{"className":43,"code":136998,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.lower()\n",[15,137000,137001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137002,137003,137005,137007,137009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137004,61853],{"class":56},[50,137006,838],{"class":64},[50,137008,9351],{"class":158},[50,137010,9354],{"class":64},[20,137012,44327],{},[233,137014,137015,137017,137020],{},[236,137016,98193],{},[236,137018,137019],{},"You call it directly on a string",[236,137021,137022],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,137024,2931],{},[41,137026,137028],{"className":43,"code":137027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,137029,137030,137053,137057,137070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137041,137043,137045,137047,137050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137033,366],{"class":151},[50,137035,155],{"class":64},[50,137037,69],{"class":68},[50,137039,137040],{"class":72},"HELLO",[50,137042,69],{"class":68},[50,137044,838],{"class":64},[50,137046,9351],{"class":158},[50,137048,137049],{"class":64},"())",[50,137051,137052],{"class":4385},"  # hello\n",[50,137054,137055],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137056,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137068],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137060,8589],{"class":56},[50,137062,61],{"class":60},[50,137064,81],{"class":68},[50,137066,137067],{"class":72},"PyThOn",[50,137069,4082],{"class":68},[50,137071,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137073,366],{"class":151},[50,137075,155],{"class":64},[50,137077,178],{"class":158},[50,137079,838],{"class":64},[50,137081,9351],{"class":158},[50,137083,137049],{"class":64},[50,137085,137086],{"class":4385},"  # python\n",[36,137088,12178],{"id":12177},[20,137090,137091],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[41,137093,137095],{"className":43,"code":137094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,137096,137097,137109,137113,137128,137132,137143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137098,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137100,35372],{"class":56},[50,137102,61],{"class":60},[50,137104,81],{"class":68},[50,137106,136918],{"class":72},[50,137108,4082],{"class":68},[50,137110,137111],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137112,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137114,137115,137118,137120,137122,137124,137126],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137116,137117],{"class":56},"lower_text ",[50,137119,61],{"class":60},[50,137121,43518],{"class":56},[50,137123,838],{"class":64},[50,137125,9351],{"class":158},[50,137127,9354],{"class":64},[50,137129,137130],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137131,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137133,137134,137136,137138,137141],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,137135,366],{"class":151},[50,137137,155],{"class":64},[50,137139,137140],{"class":158},"lower_text",[50,137142,186],{"class":64},[50,137144,137145,137147,137149,137151],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,137146,366],{"class":151},[50,137148,155],{"class":64},[50,137150,35393],{"class":158},[50,137152,186],{"class":64},[20,137154,189],{},[41,137156,137158],{"className":43,"code":137157,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,137159,137160,137164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137161,137162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137163,135032],{"class":56},[50,137165,137166,137168],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137167,132433],{"class":56},[50,137169,137170],{"class":35138},"WORLD\n",[20,137172,25300],{},[233,137174,137175,137180],{},[236,137176,137177,137179],{},[15,137178,124749],{}," returns the lowercase result",[236,137181,137182,137183,137185],{},"the original ",[15,137184,35393],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,137187,137188],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[41,137190,137192],{"className":43,"code":137191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,137193,137194,137206,137220,137224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137195,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137197,35372],{"class":56},[50,137199,61],{"class":60},[50,137201,81],{"class":68},[50,137203,136918],{"class":72},[50,137205,4082],{"class":68},[50,137207,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216,137218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137209,35372],{"class":56},[50,137211,61],{"class":60},[50,137213,43518],{"class":56},[50,137215,838],{"class":64},[50,137217,9351],{"class":158},[50,137219,9354],{"class":64},[50,137221,137222],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137223,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137225,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137227,366],{"class":151},[50,137229,155],{"class":64},[50,137231,35393],{"class":158},[50,137233,4382],{"class":64},[50,137235,136947],{"class":4385},[36,137237,18117],{"id":18116},[20,137239,137240,22673,137242,838],{},[15,137241,124749],{},[4465,137243,61853],{},[20,137245,137246],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137248,137249],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[41,137251,137253],{"className":43,"code":137252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137254,137255,137269,137273,137296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137256,137257,137260,137262,137264,137267],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137258,137259],{"class":56},"answer ",[50,137261,61],{"class":60},[50,137263,81],{"class":68},[50,137265,137266],{"class":72},"YES",[50,137268,4082],{"class":68},[50,137270,137271],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137272,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137274,137275,137277,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137276,7711],{"class":137},[50,137278,137279],{"class":56}," answer",[50,137281,838],{"class":64},[50,137283,9351],{"class":158},[50,137285,8079],{"class":64},[50,137287,7121],{"class":60},[50,137289,81],{"class":68},[50,137291,9369],{"class":72},[50,137293,69],{"class":68},[50,137295,2229],{"class":64},[50,137297,137298,137300,137302,137304,137306,137308],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137299,173],{"class":151},[50,137301,155],{"class":64},[50,137303,69],{"class":68},[50,137305,97502],{"class":72},[50,137307,69],{"class":68},[50,137309,186],{"class":64},[20,137311,137312,137313,1408],{},"This is especially useful with ",[335,137314,137315,137316,3027],{"href":8931},"the ",[15,137317,3681],{},[41,137319,137321],{"className":43,"code":137320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137322,137323,137342,137346,137368,137383,137389],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137324,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333,137335,137338,137340],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137326,137259],{"class":56},[50,137328,61],{"class":60},[50,137330,8954],{"class":151},[50,137332,155],{"class":64},[50,137334,69],{"class":68},[50,137336,137337],{"class":72},"Type yes or no: ",[50,137339,69],{"class":68},[50,137341,186],{"class":64},[50,137343,137344],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137345,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137347,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362,137364,137366],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137349,7711],{"class":137},[50,137351,137279],{"class":56},[50,137353,838],{"class":64},[50,137355,9351],{"class":158},[50,137357,8079],{"class":64},[50,137359,7121],{"class":60},[50,137361,81],{"class":68},[50,137363,9369],{"class":72},[50,137365,69],{"class":68},[50,137367,2229],{"class":64},[50,137369,137370,137372,137374,137376,137379,137381],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137371,173],{"class":151},[50,137373,155],{"class":64},[50,137375,69],{"class":68},[50,137377,137378],{"class":72},"You typed yes",[50,137380,69],{"class":68},[50,137382,186],{"class":64},[50,137384,137385,137387],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,137386,28124],{"class":137},[50,137388,2229],{"class":64},[50,137390,137391,137393,137395,137397,137400,137402],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,137392,173],{"class":151},[50,137394,155],{"class":64},[50,137396,69],{"class":68},[50,137398,137399],{"class":72},"You typed something else",[50,137401,69],{"class":68},[50,137403,186],{"class":64},[36,137405,137407],{"id":137406},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137409,137410,137412],{},[15,137411,124749],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137414,8056],{},[233,137416,137417,137420,137423,137426],{},[236,137418,137419],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[236,137421,137422],{},"Make text matching easier",[236,137424,137425],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[236,137427,137428],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137430,137431],{},"Example: checking user input",[41,137433,137435],{"className":43,"code":137434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137436,137437,137455,137459,137481,137496,137502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137438,137439,137441,137443,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137440,45635],{"class":56},[50,137442,61],{"class":60},[50,137444,8954],{"class":151},[50,137446,155],{"class":64},[50,137448,69],{"class":68},[50,137450,45646],{"class":72},[50,137452,69],{"class":68},[50,137454,186],{"class":64},[50,137456,137457],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137458,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137460,137461,137463,137465,137467,137469,137471,137473,137475,137477,137479],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137462,7711],{"class":137},[50,137464,36533],{"class":56},[50,137466,838],{"class":64},[50,137468,9351],{"class":158},[50,137470,8079],{"class":64},[50,137472,7121],{"class":60},[50,137474,81],{"class":68},[50,137476,13813],{"class":72},[50,137478,69],{"class":68},[50,137480,2229],{"class":64},[50,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137492,137494],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137484,173],{"class":151},[50,137486,155],{"class":64},[50,137488,69],{"class":68},[50,137490,137491],{"class":72},"Nice choice!",[50,137493,69],{"class":68},[50,137495,186],{"class":64},[50,137497,137498,137500],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,137499,28124],{"class":137},[50,137501,2229],{"class":64},[50,137503,137504,137506,137508,137510,137513,137515],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,137505,173],{"class":151},[50,137507,155],{"class":64},[50,137509,69],{"class":68},[50,137511,137512],{"class":72},"Got it.",[50,137514,69],{"class":68},[50,137516,186],{"class":64},[20,137518,137519],{},"Example: simple search",[41,137521,137523],{"className":43,"code":137522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137524,137525,137538,137542,137563],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137526,137527,137529,137531,137533,137536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137528,90674],{"class":56},[50,137530,61],{"class":60},[50,137532,81],{"class":68},[50,137534,137535],{"class":72},"Python Is Fun",[50,137537,4082],{"class":68},[50,137539,137540],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137541,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137543,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554,137557,137559,137561],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137545,7711],{"class":137},[50,137547,81],{"class":68},[50,137549,45],{"class":72},[50,137551,69],{"class":68},[50,137553,21872],{"class":60},[50,137555,137556],{"class":56}," message",[50,137558,838],{"class":64},[50,137560,9351],{"class":158},[50,137562,22294],{"class":64},[50,137564,137565,137567,137569,137571,137574,137576],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137566,173],{"class":151},[50,137568,155],{"class":64},[50,137570,69],{"class":68},[50,137572,137573],{"class":72},"Found it",[50,137575,69],{"class":68},[50,137577,186],{"class":64},[20,137579,137580,137581,137583,137584,1408],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137582,124749],{}," is often used with ",[335,137585,137587],{"href":137586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137588,42329],{},[41,137590,137592],{"className":43,"code":137591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137593,137594,137607,137626,137630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137595,137596,137598,137600,137602,137605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137597,8589],{"class":56},[50,137599,61],{"class":60},[50,137601,81],{"class":68},[50,137603,137604],{"class":72},"  ALICE  ",[50,137606,4082],{"class":68},[50,137608,137609,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137610,137611],{"class":56},"clean_name ",[50,137613,61],{"class":60},[50,137615,140],{"class":56},[50,137617,838],{"class":64},[50,137619,9345],{"class":158},[50,137621,9348],{"class":64},[50,137623,9351],{"class":158},[50,137625,9354],{"class":64},[50,137627,137628],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137629,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137631,137632,137634,137636,137639,137641],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137633,366],{"class":151},[50,137635,155],{"class":64},[50,137637,137638],{"class":158},"clean_name",[50,137640,4382],{"class":64},[50,137642,137643],{"class":4385},"  # alice\n",[36,137645,16299],{"id":16298},[20,137647,137648,137649,137652],{},"Strings are ",[4465,137650,137651],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137654,137655,137656,137658],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137657,124749],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137660,137661,137662,137664],{},"So this does ",[4465,137663,5351],{}," update the original variable:",[41,137666,137668],{"className":43,"code":137667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137669,137670,137682,137692,137696],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137671,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137673,35372],{"class":56},[50,137675,61],{"class":60},[50,137677,81],{"class":68},[50,137679,137040],{"class":72},[50,137681,4082],{"class":68},[50,137683,137684,137686,137688,137690],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137685,35393],{"class":56},[50,137687,838],{"class":64},[50,137689,9351],{"class":158},[50,137691,9354],{"class":64},[50,137693,137694],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137695,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137697,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137699,366],{"class":151},[50,137701,155],{"class":64},[50,137703,35393],{"class":158},[50,137705,4382],{"class":64},[50,137707,137708],{"class":4385},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137710,137711],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[41,137713,137715],{"className":43,"code":137714,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137716,137717,137729,137743,137747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137718,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137720,35372],{"class":56},[50,137722,61],{"class":60},[50,137724,81],{"class":68},[50,137726,137040],{"class":72},[50,137728,4082],{"class":68},[50,137730,137731,137733,137735,137737,137739,137741],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137732,35372],{"class":56},[50,137734,61],{"class":60},[50,137736,43518],{"class":56},[50,137738,838],{"class":64},[50,137740,9351],{"class":158},[50,137742,9354],{"class":64},[50,137744,137745],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137746,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,137748,137749,137751,137753,137755,137757],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,137750,366],{"class":151},[50,137752,155],{"class":64},[50,137754,35393],{"class":158},[50,137756,4382],{"class":64},[50,137758,137052],{"class":4385},[36,137760,3553],{"id":3552},[1112,137762,26378],{"id":26377},[20,137764,137765,137766,11794,137768,838],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137767,9351],{},[15,137769,124749],{},[20,137771,17344],{},[41,137773,137775],{"className":43,"code":137774,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137776,137777,137789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137778,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137780,35372],{"class":56},[50,137782,61],{"class":60},[50,137784,81],{"class":68},[50,137786,137040],{"class":72},[50,137788,4082],{"class":68},[50,137790,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137792,366],{"class":151},[50,137794,155],{"class":64},[50,137796,35393],{"class":158},[50,137798,838],{"class":64},[50,137800,9351],{"class":25443},[50,137802,186],{"class":64},[20,137804,137805],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137807,17356],{},[41,137809,137811],{"className":43,"code":137810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137812,137813,137825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137814,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137816,35372],{"class":56},[50,137818,61],{"class":60},[50,137820,81],{"class":68},[50,137822,137040],{"class":72},[50,137824,4082],{"class":68},[50,137826,137827,137829,137831,137833,137835,137837],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137828,366],{"class":151},[50,137830,155],{"class":64},[50,137832,35393],{"class":158},[50,137834,838],{"class":64},[50,137836,9351],{"class":158},[50,137838,7908],{"class":64},[1112,137840,137842],{"id":137841},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137844,137845],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137847,17344],{},[41,137849,137851],{"className":43,"code":137850,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137852,137853,137865,137875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137854,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137856,35372],{"class":56},[50,137858,61],{"class":60},[50,137860,81],{"class":68},[50,137862,137040],{"class":72},[50,137864,4082],{"class":68},[50,137866,137867,137869,137871,137873],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137868,35393],{"class":56},[50,137870,838],{"class":64},[50,137872,9351],{"class":158},[50,137874,9354],{"class":64},[50,137876,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137878,366],{"class":151},[50,137880,155],{"class":64},[50,137882,35393],{"class":158},[50,137884,4382],{"class":64},[50,137886,137887],{"class":4385},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137889,17356],{},[41,137891,137893],{"className":43,"code":137892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137894,137895,137907,137921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137896,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137898,35372],{"class":56},[50,137900,61],{"class":60},[50,137902,81],{"class":68},[50,137904,137040],{"class":72},[50,137906,4082],{"class":68},[50,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137910,35372],{"class":56},[50,137912,61],{"class":60},[50,137914,43518],{"class":56},[50,137916,838],{"class":64},[50,137918,9351],{"class":158},[50,137920,9354],{"class":64},[50,137922,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,137924,366],{"class":151},[50,137926,155],{"class":64},[50,137928,35393],{"class":158},[50,137930,4382],{"class":64},[50,137932,137052],{"class":4385},[1112,137934,2447,137936,137938],{"id":137935},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137937,124749],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137940,137941,137943],{},[15,137942,124749],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137945,17344],{},[41,137947,137949],{"className":43,"code":137948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137950,137951,137959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137952,137953,137955,137957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137954,2941],{"class":56},[50,137956,61],{"class":60},[50,137958,125701],{"class":111},[50,137960,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,137962,366],{"class":151},[50,137964,155],{"class":64},[50,137966,2964],{"class":158},[50,137968,838],{"class":64},[50,137970,9351],{"class":158},[50,137972,7908],{"class":64},[20,137974,137975,137976,34285],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137977,124749],{},[20,137979,137980],{},"You can check the type first:",[41,137982,137984],{"className":43,"code":137983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137985,137986,137998,138002,138016],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137987,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137989,35372],{"class":56},[50,137991,61],{"class":60},[50,137993,81],{"class":68},[50,137995,137040],{"class":72},[50,137997,4082],{"class":68},[50,137999,138000],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138001,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138003,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138005,366],{"class":151},[50,138007,155],{"class":64},[50,138009,3945],{"class":371},[50,138011,155],{"class":64},[50,138013,35393],{"class":158},[50,138015,1077],{"class":64},[50,138017,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138019,366],{"class":151},[50,138021,155],{"class":64},[50,138023,35393],{"class":158},[50,138025,838],{"class":64},[50,138027,9351],{"class":158},[50,138029,7908],{"class":64},[1112,138031,138033],{"id":138032},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,138035,138036],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[41,138038,138040],{"className":43,"code":138039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,138041,138042,138055,138059,138076,138091,138097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138043,138044,138046,138048,138050,138053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138045,137259],{"class":56},[50,138047,61],{"class":60},[50,138049,81],{"class":68},[50,138051,138052],{"class":72},"Yes",[50,138054,4082],{"class":68},[50,138056,138057],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138058,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138060,138061,138063,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138062,7711],{"class":137},[50,138064,138065],{"class":56}," answer ",[50,138067,1945],{"class":60},[50,138069,81],{"class":68},[50,138071,9369],{"class":72},[50,138073,69],{"class":68},[50,138075,2229],{"class":64},[50,138077,138078,138080,138082,138084,138087,138089],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138079,173],{"class":151},[50,138081,155],{"class":64},[50,138083,69],{"class":68},[50,138085,138086],{"class":72},"Match",[50,138088,69],{"class":68},[50,138090,186],{"class":64},[50,138092,138093,138095],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,138094,28124],{"class":137},[50,138096,2229],{"class":64},[50,138098,138099,138101,138103,138105,138108,138110],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,138100,173],{"class":151},[50,138102,155],{"class":64},[50,138104,69],{"class":68},[50,138106,138107],{"class":72},"No match",[50,138109,69],{"class":68},[50,138111,186],{"class":64},[20,138113,1107,138114,827,138117,138120,138121,838],{},[15,138115,138116],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,138118,138119],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,138122,138107],{},[20,138124,138125],{},"Better:",[41,138127,138129],{"className":43,"code":138128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,138130,138131,138143,138147,138169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138132,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138134,137259],{"class":56},[50,138136,61],{"class":60},[50,138138,81],{"class":68},[50,138140,138052],{"class":72},[50,138142,4082],{"class":68},[50,138144,138145],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138146,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138148,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138150,7711],{"class":137},[50,138152,137279],{"class":56},[50,138154,838],{"class":64},[50,138156,9351],{"class":158},[50,138158,8079],{"class":64},[50,138160,7121],{"class":60},[50,138162,81],{"class":68},[50,138164,9369],{"class":72},[50,138166,69],{"class":68},[50,138168,2229],{"class":64},[50,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138172,173],{"class":151},[50,138174,155],{"class":64},[50,138176,69],{"class":68},[50,138178,138086],{"class":72},[50,138180,69],{"class":68},[50,138182,186],{"class":64},[1112,138184,44890,138186,138189],{"id":138185},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,138187,138188],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,138191,138192,138193,138195],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,138194,124749],{}," is enough.",[20,138197,138198,138199,138201,138202,838],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,138200,138188],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,138203,124749],{},[20,138205,138206,138207,123261],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,138208,124749],{},[36,138210,138212,11286,138214],{"id":138211},"lower-vs-upper",[15,138213,124749],{},[15,138215,128896],{},[20,138217,138218,827,138220,138222],{},[15,138219,124749],{},[15,138221,128896],{}," are very similar.",[233,138224,138225,138230,138235,138238],{},[236,138226,138227,138229],{},[15,138228,124749],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[236,138231,138232,138234],{},[15,138233,128896],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[236,138236,138237],{},"Both return new strings",[236,138239,138240],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138242,2931],{},[41,138244,138246],{"className":43,"code":138245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138247,138248,138260,138264,138280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138249,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138251,35372],{"class":56},[50,138253,61],{"class":60},[50,138255,81],{"class":68},[50,138257,129737],{"class":72},[50,138259,4082],{"class":68},[50,138261,138262],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138263,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138265,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138267,366],{"class":151},[50,138269,155],{"class":64},[50,138271,35393],{"class":158},[50,138273,838],{"class":64},[50,138275,9351],{"class":158},[50,138277,137049],{"class":64},[50,138279,136947],{"class":4385},[50,138281,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138283,366],{"class":151},[50,138285,155],{"class":64},[50,138287,35393],{"class":158},[50,138289,838],{"class":64},[50,138291,35162],{"class":158},[50,138293,137049],{"class":64},[50,138295,138296],{"class":4385},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138298,138299,138300,838],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[335,138301,127019,138303,11442],{"href":138302},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138304,128896],{},[36,138306,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,138308,2569,138310,125346],{"id":138309},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138311,124749],{},[20,138313,138314],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1112,138316,2569,138318,138320],{"id":138317},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138319,124749],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138322,138323,138324,838],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138325,138326],{},"string.lower()",[1112,138328,2559,138330,13419],{"id":138329},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138331,124749],{},[20,138333,138334],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1112,138336,29019,138338,138340],{"id":138337},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138339,124749],{}," on user input?",[20,138342,138343,138344,138346],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138345,3681],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1112,138348,5893,138350,827,138352,2582],{"id":138349},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138351,124749],{},[15,138353,138188],{},[20,138355,138356,138358,138359,138361],{},[15,138357,124749],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138360,138188],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[36,138363,2610],{"id":2609},[233,138365,138366,138370,138376,138382,138388,138392,138396,138402],{},[236,138367,138368],{},[335,138369,51653],{"href":51652},[236,138371,138372],{},[335,138373,127019,138374,11442],{"href":138302},[15,138375,128896],{},[236,138377,138378],{},[335,138379,127019,138380,11442],{"href":137586},[15,138381,42329],{},[236,138383,138384],{},[335,138385,127019,138386,11442],{"href":130599},[15,138387,125190],{},[236,138389,138390],{},[335,138391,125418],{"href":124274},[236,138393,138394],{},[335,138395,91350],{"href":90359},[236,138397,138398],{},[335,138399,13,138400,2551],{"href":8931},[15,138401,3681],{},[236,138403,138404],{},[335,138405,138406],{"href":136987},"What is a string in Python?",[2640,138408,138409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":138411},[138412,138414,138415,138416,138417,138418,138419,138428,138430,138442],{"id":136957,"depth":101,"text":138413},"What lower() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":137406,"depth":101,"text":137407},{"id":16298,"depth":101,"text":16299},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":138420},[138421,138422,138423,138425,138426],{"id":26377,"depth":127,"text":26378},{"id":137841,"depth":127,"text":137842},{"id":137935,"depth":127,"text":138424},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":138032,"depth":127,"text":138033},{"id":138185,"depth":127,"text":138427},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138211,"depth":101,"text":138429},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":138431},[138432,138434,138436,138438,138440],{"id":138309,"depth":127,"text":138433},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138317,"depth":127,"text":138435},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138329,"depth":127,"text":138437},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138337,"depth":127,"text":138439},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138349,"depth":127,"text":138441},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136874,"description":138443},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138450,"title":138451,"body":138452,"description":140002,"extension":2687,"meta":140003,"navigation":130,"path":140004,"seo":140005,"stem":140006,"__hash__":140007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138453,"toc":139963},[138454,138459,138464,138470,138485,138487,138547,138549,138558,138564,138569,138574,138576,138590,138594,138596,138643,138645,138663,138665,138668,138739,138741,138755,138758,138770,138779,138783,138788,138793,138797,138863,138865,138874,138878,138943,138945,138954,138957,138962,138966,138971,138975,139036,139038,139047,139051,139054,139110,139112,139121,139124,139137,139139,139143,139150,139212,139214,139227,139233,139236,139243,139248,139253,139256,139264,139266,139327,139329,139338,139341,139388,139391,139438,139440,139445,139462,139469,139474,139527,139529,139537,139539,139596,139598,139606,139610,139657,139659,139667,139675,139679,139727,139729,139738,139743,139794,139796,139805,139812,139815,139836,139838,139843,139846,139850,139853,139857,139860,139887,139893,139896,139923,139928,139930,139932,139960],[10,138455,124019,138457,12024],{"id":138456},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138458,125190],{},[20,138460,124024,138461,138463],{},[15,138462,125190],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138465,138466,138467,138469],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138468,125190],{},". You will learn:",[233,138471,138472,138476,138479,138482],{},[236,138473,26710,138474,231],{},[15,138475,125190],{},[236,138477,138478],{},"how its syntax works",[236,138480,138481],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[236,138483,138484],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[36,138486,39],{"id":38},[41,138488,138490],{"className":43,"code":138489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138491,138492,138505,138537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138493,138494,138496,138498,138500,138503],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138495,35372],{"class":56},[50,138497,61],{"class":60},[50,138499,81],{"class":68},[50,138501,138502],{"class":72},"I like cats",[50,138504,4082],{"class":68},[50,138506,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138524,138526,138528,138530,138533,138535],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138508,130857],{"class":56},[50,138510,61],{"class":60},[50,138512,43518],{"class":56},[50,138514,838],{"class":64},[50,138516,35684],{"class":158},[50,138518,155],{"class":64},[50,138520,69],{"class":68},[50,138522,138523],{"class":72},"cats",[50,138525,69],{"class":68},[50,138527,78],{"class":64},[50,138529,81],{"class":68},[50,138531,138532],{"class":72},"dogs",[50,138534,69],{"class":68},[50,138536,186],{"class":64},[50,138538,138539,138541,138543,138545],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138540,366],{"class":151},[50,138542,155],{"class":64},[50,138544,130888],{"class":158},[50,138546,186],{"class":64},[20,138548,189],{},[41,138550,138552],{"className":43,"code":138551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like dogs\n",[15,138553,138554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138555,138556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138557,138551],{"class":56},[20,138559,221,138560,138563],{},[15,138561,138562],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[36,138565,228,138567,231],{"id":138566},"what-replace-does",[15,138568,125190],{},[20,138570,138571,138573],{},[15,138572,125190],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138575,13755],{},[233,138577,138578,138580,138582,138585],{},[236,138579,134265],{},[236,138581,136982],{},[236,138583,138584],{},"It works on exact matches",[236,138586,138587,138588],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138589,41935],{},[20,138591,125771,138592,838],{},[335,138593,125774],{"href":51652},[36,138595,6145],{"id":6144},[41,138597,138599],{"className":43,"code":138598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138600,138601,138621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138602,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611,138614,138616,138619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138604,61853],{"class":56},[50,138606,838],{"class":64},[50,138608,35684],{"class":158},[50,138610,155],{"class":64},[50,138612,138613],{"class":158},"old",[50,138615,78],{"class":64},[50,138617,138618],{"class":158}," new",[50,138620,186],{"class":64},[50,138622,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138624,61853],{"class":56},[50,138626,838],{"class":64},[50,138628,35684],{"class":158},[50,138630,155],{"class":64},[50,138632,138613],{"class":158},[50,138634,78],{"class":64},[50,138636,138618],{"class":158},[50,138638,78],{"class":64},[50,138640,50278],{"class":158},[50,138642,186],{"class":64},[1112,138644,18093],{"id":18092},[233,138646,138647,138652,138658],{},[236,138648,138649,138651],{},[15,138650,138613],{}," = the text to find",[236,138653,138654,138657],{},[15,138655,138656],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[236,138659,138660,138662],{},[15,138661,41935],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[36,138664,6501],{"id":6500},[20,138666,138667],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[41,138669,138671],{"className":43,"code":138670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138672,138673,138685,138715,138719,138729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138674,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138676,35372],{"class":56},[50,138678,61],{"class":60},[50,138680,81],{"class":68},[50,138682,138502],{"class":72},[50,138684,4082],{"class":68},[50,138686,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138688,130857],{"class":56},[50,138690,61],{"class":60},[50,138692,43518],{"class":56},[50,138694,838],{"class":64},[50,138696,35684],{"class":158},[50,138698,155],{"class":64},[50,138700,69],{"class":68},[50,138702,138523],{"class":72},[50,138704,69],{"class":68},[50,138706,78],{"class":64},[50,138708,81],{"class":68},[50,138710,138532],{"class":72},[50,138712,69],{"class":68},[50,138714,186],{"class":64},[50,138716,138717],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138718,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138720,138721,138723,138725,138727],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138722,366],{"class":151},[50,138724,155],{"class":64},[50,138726,35393],{"class":158},[50,138728,186],{"class":64},[50,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,138732,366],{"class":151},[50,138734,155],{"class":64},[50,138736,130888],{"class":158},[50,138738,186],{"class":64},[20,138740,189],{},[41,138742,138744],{"className":43,"code":138743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138745,138746,138751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138747,138748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138749,138750],{"class":56},"I like cats\n",[50,138752,138753],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138754,138551],{"class":56},[20,138756,138757],{},"Notice what happened:",[233,138759,138760,138765],{},[236,138761,138762,138764],{},[15,138763,35393],{}," did not change",[236,138766,138767,138769],{},[15,138768,130888],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138771,138772,138773,138775,138776,138778],{},"This happens because strings are ",[4465,138774,137651],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138777,125190],{}," return a new string instead.",[36,138780,138782],{"id":138781},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138784,90368,138785,138787],{},[15,138786,125190],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138789,138790,138791,37298],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138792,41935],{},[1112,138794,138796],{"id":138795},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[41,138798,138800],{"className":43,"code":138799,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138801,138802,138815,138849,138853],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138803,138804,138806,138808,138810,138813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138805,35372],{"class":56},[50,138807,61],{"class":60},[50,138809,81],{"class":68},[50,138811,138812],{"class":72},"cat cat cat",[50,138814,4082],{"class":68},[50,138816,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138818,2954],{"class":56},[50,138820,61],{"class":60},[50,138822,43518],{"class":56},[50,138824,838],{"class":64},[50,138826,35684],{"class":158},[50,138828,155],{"class":64},[50,138830,69],{"class":68},[50,138832,37724],{"class":72},[50,138834,69],{"class":68},[50,138836,78],{"class":64},[50,138838,81],{"class":68},[50,138840,58805],{"class":72},[50,138842,69],{"class":68},[50,138844,78],{"class":64},[50,138846,6212],{"class":111},[50,138848,186],{"class":64},[50,138850,138851],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138852,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138854,138855,138857,138859,138861],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138856,366],{"class":151},[50,138858,155],{"class":64},[50,138860,2989],{"class":158},[50,138862,186],{"class":64},[20,138864,189],{},[41,138866,138868],{"className":43,"code":138867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138869,138870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138871,138872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138873,138867],{"class":56},[1112,138875,138877],{"id":138876},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[41,138879,138881],{"className":43,"code":138880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138882,138883,138895,138929,138933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138884,138885,138887,138889,138891,138893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138886,35372],{"class":56},[50,138888,61],{"class":60},[50,138890,81],{"class":68},[50,138892,138812],{"class":72},[50,138894,4082],{"class":68},[50,138896,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138898,2954],{"class":56},[50,138900,61],{"class":60},[50,138902,43518],{"class":56},[50,138904,838],{"class":64},[50,138906,35684],{"class":158},[50,138908,155],{"class":64},[50,138910,69],{"class":68},[50,138912,37724],{"class":72},[50,138914,69],{"class":68},[50,138916,78],{"class":64},[50,138918,81],{"class":68},[50,138920,58805],{"class":72},[50,138922,69],{"class":68},[50,138924,78],{"class":64},[50,138926,314],{"class":111},[50,138928,186],{"class":64},[50,138930,138931],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,138932,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,138934,138935,138937,138939,138941],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,138936,366],{"class":151},[50,138938,155],{"class":64},[50,138940,2989],{"class":158},[50,138942,186],{"class":64},[20,138944,189],{},[41,138946,138948],{"className":43,"code":138947,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138949,138950],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138951,138952],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138953,138947],{"class":56},[20,138955,138956],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138958,138959,138960,838],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[335,138961,128743],{"href":125187},[36,138963,138965],{"id":138964},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138967,138968,138970],{},[15,138969,125190],{}," can also change single characters.",[1112,138972,138974],{"id":138973},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[41,138976,138978],{"className":43,"code":138977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138979,138980,138992,139022,139026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138983,35372],{"class":56},[50,138985,61],{"class":60},[50,138987,81],{"class":68},[50,138989,4806],{"class":72},[50,138991,4082],{"class":68},[50,138993,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,138995,2954],{"class":56},[50,138997,61],{"class":60},[50,138999,43518],{"class":56},[50,139001,838],{"class":64},[50,139003,35684],{"class":158},[50,139005,155],{"class":64},[50,139007,69],{"class":68},[50,139009,335],{"class":72},[50,139011,69],{"class":68},[50,139013,78],{"class":64},[50,139015,81],{"class":68},[50,139017,61152],{"class":72},[50,139019,69],{"class":68},[50,139021,186],{"class":64},[50,139023,139024],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139025,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,139027,139028,139030,139032,139034],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,139029,366],{"class":151},[50,139031,155],{"class":64},[50,139033,2989],{"class":158},[50,139035,186],{"class":64},[20,139037,189],{},[41,139039,139041],{"className":43,"code":139040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bonono\n",[15,139042,139043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139044,139045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139046,139040],{"class":56},[1112,139048,139050],{"id":139049},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,139052,139053],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[41,139055,139057],{"className":43,"code":139056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139058,139059,139072,139096,139100],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139060,139061,139063,139065,139067,139070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139062,35372],{"class":56},[50,139064,61],{"class":60},[50,139066,81],{"class":68},[50,139068,139069],{"class":72},"a b c",[50,139071,4082],{"class":68},[50,139073,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139075,2954],{"class":56},[50,139077,61],{"class":60},[50,139079,43518],{"class":56},[50,139081,838],{"class":64},[50,139083,35684],{"class":158},[50,139085,155],{"class":64},[50,139087,69],{"class":68},[50,139089,81],{"class":68},[50,139091,78],{"class":64},[50,139093,6839],{"class":68},[50,139095,186],{"class":64},[50,139097,139098],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139099,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,139101,139102,139104,139106,139108],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,139103,366],{"class":151},[50,139105,155],{"class":64},[50,139107,2989],{"class":158},[50,139109,186],{"class":64},[20,139111,189],{},[41,139113,139115],{"className":43,"code":139114,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abc\n",[15,139116,139117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139118,139119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139120,139114],{"class":56},[20,139122,139123],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,139125,139126,139127,139131,139132,139136],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[335,139128,127019,139129,11442],{"href":129705},[15,139130,61210],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[335,139133,127019,139134,11442],{"href":137586},[15,139135,42329],{}," is often a better choice.",[36,139138,124666],{"id":124665},[20,139140,139141,124477],{},[15,139142,125190],{},[20,139144,128064,139145,827,139147,128071],{},[15,139146,113703],{},[15,139148,139149],{},"\"Cat\"",[41,139151,139153],{"className":43,"code":139152,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139154,139155,139168,139198,139202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139156,139157,139159,139161,139163,139166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139158,35372],{"class":56},[50,139160,61],{"class":60},[50,139162,81],{"class":68},[50,139164,139165],{"class":72},"Cat cat CAT",[50,139167,4082],{"class":68},[50,139169,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139171,2954],{"class":56},[50,139173,61],{"class":60},[50,139175,43518],{"class":56},[50,139177,838],{"class":64},[50,139179,35684],{"class":158},[50,139181,155],{"class":64},[50,139183,69],{"class":68},[50,139185,37724],{"class":72},[50,139187,69],{"class":68},[50,139189,78],{"class":64},[50,139191,81],{"class":68},[50,139193,58805],{"class":72},[50,139195,69],{"class":68},[50,139197,186],{"class":64},[50,139199,139200],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139201,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,139203,139204,139206,139208,139210],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,139205,366],{"class":151},[50,139207,155],{"class":64},[50,139209,2989],{"class":158},[50,139211,186],{"class":64},[20,139213,189],{},[41,139215,139217],{"className":43,"code":139216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139218,139219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139220,139221,139224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139222,139223],{"class":56},"Cat dog ",[50,139225,139226],{"class":35138},"CAT\n",[20,139228,139229,139230,139232],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139231,113703],{}," was replaced.",[20,139234,139235],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139237,139238,139239,838],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[335,139240,127019,139241,11442],{"href":124746},[15,139242,124749],{},[36,139244,228,139246,12409],{"id":139245},"what-replace-returns",[15,139247,125190],{},[20,139249,139250,139252],{},[15,139251,125190],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139254,139255],{},"If no match is found:",[233,139257,139258,139261],{},[236,139259,139260],{},"no error happens",[236,139262,139263],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139265,2931],{},[41,139267,139269],{"className":43,"code":139268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139270,139271,139283,139313,139317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139272,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139274,35372],{"class":56},[50,139276,61],{"class":60},[50,139278,81],{"class":68},[50,139280,4568],{"class":72},[50,139282,4082],{"class":68},[50,139284,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139286,2954],{"class":56},[50,139288,61],{"class":60},[50,139290,43518],{"class":56},[50,139292,838],{"class":64},[50,139294,35684],{"class":158},[50,139296,155],{"class":64},[50,139298,69],{"class":68},[50,139300,2896],{"class":72},[50,139302,69],{"class":68},[50,139304,78],{"class":64},[50,139306,81],{"class":68},[50,139308,12449],{"class":72},[50,139310,69],{"class":68},[50,139312,186],{"class":64},[50,139314,139315],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139316,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,139318,139319,139321,139323,139325],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,139320,366],{"class":151},[50,139322,155],{"class":64},[50,139324,2989],{"class":158},[50,139326,186],{"class":64},[20,139328,189],{},[41,139330,139332],{"className":43,"code":139331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello\n",[15,139333,139334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139335,139336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139337,139331],{"class":56},[20,139339,139340],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[41,139342,139344],{"className":43,"code":139343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139345,139346,139358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139347,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139349,35372],{"class":56},[50,139351,61],{"class":60},[50,139353,81],{"class":68},[50,139355,61085],{"class":72},[50,139357,4082],{"class":68},[50,139359,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139361,130857],{"class":56},[50,139363,61],{"class":60},[50,139365,43518],{"class":56},[50,139367,838],{"class":64},[50,139369,35684],{"class":158},[50,139371,155],{"class":64},[50,139373,69],{"class":68},[50,139375,61270],{"class":72},[50,139377,69],{"class":68},[50,139379,78],{"class":64},[50,139381,81],{"class":68},[50,139383,8010],{"class":72},[50,139385,69],{"class":68},[50,139387,186],{"class":64},[20,139389,139390],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[41,139392,139394],{"className":43,"code":139393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139395,139396,139408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139397,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139399,35372],{"class":56},[50,139401,61],{"class":60},[50,139403,81],{"class":68},[50,139405,61085],{"class":72},[50,139407,4082],{"class":68},[50,139409,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139411,35372],{"class":56},[50,139413,61],{"class":60},[50,139415,43518],{"class":56},[50,139417,838],{"class":64},[50,139419,35684],{"class":158},[50,139421,155],{"class":64},[50,139423,69],{"class":68},[50,139425,61270],{"class":72},[50,139427,69],{"class":68},[50,139429,78],{"class":64},[50,139431,81],{"class":68},[50,139433,8010],{"class":72},[50,139435,69],{"class":68},[50,139437,186],{"class":64},[36,139439,5238],{"id":5237},[20,139441,139442,139443,1408],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139444,125190],{},[233,139446,139447,139450,139454,139457],{},[236,139448,139449],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[236,139451,2120,139452,132237],{},[15,139453,125190],{},[236,139455,139456],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[236,139458,37881,139459,139461],{},[15,139460,125190],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1112,139463,139465,139466,139468],{"id":139464},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139467,125190],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139470,139471,139472,1408],{},"This does not update ",[15,139473,35393],{},[41,139475,139477],{"className":43,"code":139476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139478,139479,139491,139517],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139480,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139482,35372],{"class":56},[50,139484,61],{"class":60},[50,139486,81],{"class":68},[50,139488,138502],{"class":72},[50,139490,4082],{"class":68},[50,139492,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139494,35393],{"class":56},[50,139496,838],{"class":64},[50,139498,35684],{"class":158},[50,139500,155],{"class":64},[50,139502,69],{"class":68},[50,139504,138523],{"class":72},[50,139506,69],{"class":68},[50,139508,78],{"class":64},[50,139510,81],{"class":68},[50,139512,138532],{"class":72},[50,139514,69],{"class":68},[50,139516,186],{"class":64},[50,139518,139519,139521,139523,139525],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139520,366],{"class":151},[50,139522,155],{"class":64},[50,139524,35393],{"class":158},[50,139526,186],{"class":64},[20,139528,189],{},[41,139530,139531],{"className":43,"code":138750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,139532,139533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139534,139535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139536,138750],{"class":56},[20,139538,11509],{},[41,139540,139542],{"className":43,"code":139541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139543,139544,139556,139586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139547,35372],{"class":56},[50,139549,61],{"class":60},[50,139551,81],{"class":68},[50,139553,138502],{"class":72},[50,139555,4082],{"class":68},[50,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139559,35372],{"class":56},[50,139561,61],{"class":60},[50,139563,43518],{"class":56},[50,139565,838],{"class":64},[50,139567,35684],{"class":158},[50,139569,155],{"class":64},[50,139571,69],{"class":68},[50,139573,138523],{"class":72},[50,139575,69],{"class":68},[50,139577,78],{"class":64},[50,139579,81],{"class":68},[50,139581,138532],{"class":72},[50,139583,69],{"class":68},[50,139585,186],{"class":64},[50,139587,139588,139590,139592,139594],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,139589,366],{"class":151},[50,139591,155],{"class":64},[50,139593,35393],{"class":158},[50,139595,186],{"class":64},[20,139597,189],{},[41,139599,139600],{"className":43,"code":138551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,139601,139602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139603,139604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139605,138551],{"class":56},[1112,139607,139609],{"id":139608},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[41,139611,139613],{"className":43,"code":139612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139614,139615,139627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139616,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139618,35372],{"class":56},[50,139620,61],{"class":60},[50,139622,81],{"class":68},[50,139624,35552],{"class":72},[50,139626,4082],{"class":68},[50,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139630,366],{"class":151},[50,139632,155],{"class":64},[50,139634,35393],{"class":158},[50,139636,838],{"class":64},[50,139638,35684],{"class":158},[50,139640,155],{"class":64},[50,139642,69],{"class":68},[50,139644,4568],{"class":72},[50,139646,69],{"class":68},[50,139648,78],{"class":64},[50,139650,81],{"class":68},[50,139652,90603],{"class":72},[50,139654,69],{"class":68},[50,139656,1077],{"class":64},[20,139658,189],{},[41,139660,139661],{"className":43,"code":89616,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,139662,139663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139664,139665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139666,89616],{"class":56},[20,139668,139669,139670,827,139672,139674],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139671,65212],{},[15,139673,91085],{}," are not the same.",[1112,139676,139678],{"id":139677},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[41,139680,139682],{"className":43,"code":139681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139683,139684,139697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139685,139686,139688,139690,139692,139695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139687,35372],{"class":56},[50,139689,61],{"class":60},[50,139691,81],{"class":68},[50,139693,139694],{"class":72},"red red red",[50,139696,4082],{"class":68},[50,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139700,366],{"class":151},[50,139702,155],{"class":64},[50,139704,35393],{"class":158},[50,139706,838],{"class":64},[50,139708,35684],{"class":158},[50,139710,155],{"class":64},[50,139712,69],{"class":68},[50,139714,13796],{"class":72},[50,139716,69],{"class":68},[50,139718,78],{"class":64},[50,139720,81],{"class":68},[50,139722,13813],{"class":72},[50,139724,69],{"class":68},[50,139726,1077],{"class":64},[20,139728,189],{},[41,139730,139732],{"className":43,"code":139731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139733,139734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139735,139736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139737,139731],{"class":56},[20,139739,139740,139741,1408],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139742,41935],{},[41,139744,139746],{"className":43,"code":139745,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139747,139748,139760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139749,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139751,35372],{"class":56},[50,139753,61],{"class":60},[50,139755,81],{"class":68},[50,139757,139694],{"class":72},[50,139759,4082],{"class":68},[50,139761,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,139763,366],{"class":151},[50,139765,155],{"class":64},[50,139767,35393],{"class":158},[50,139769,838],{"class":64},[50,139771,35684],{"class":158},[50,139773,155],{"class":64},[50,139775,69],{"class":68},[50,139777,13796],{"class":72},[50,139779,69],{"class":68},[50,139781,78],{"class":64},[50,139783,81],{"class":68},[50,139785,13813],{"class":72},[50,139787,69],{"class":68},[50,139789,78],{"class":64},[50,139791,6212],{"class":111},[50,139793,1077],{"class":64},[20,139795,189],{},[41,139797,139799],{"className":43,"code":139798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue red red\n",[15,139800,139801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139802,139803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139804,139798],{"class":56},[1112,139806,139808,139809,139811],{"id":139807},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139810,125190],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139813,139814],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[233,139816,139817,139824,139831],{},[236,139818,221,139819,139823],{},[335,139820,139821],{"href":129705},[15,139822,61210],{}," to break a string into a list",[236,139825,221,139826,139830],{},[335,139827,139828],{"href":137586},[15,139829,42329],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[236,139832,221,139833,139835],{},[15,139834,125190],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[36,139837,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,139839,2569,139841,125346],{"id":139840},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139842,125190],{},[20,139844,139845],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1112,139847,139849],{"id":139848},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139851,139852],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1112,139854,139856],{"id":139855},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139858,139859],{},"Use the third argument:",[41,139861,139863],{"className":43,"code":139862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139864,139865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139868,35393],{"class":56},[50,139870,838],{"class":64},[50,139872,35684],{"class":158},[50,139874,155],{"class":64},[50,139876,138613],{"class":158},[50,139878,78],{"class":64},[50,139880,138618],{"class":158},[50,139882,78],{"class":64},[50,139884,6212],{"class":111},[50,139886,186],{"class":64},[1112,139888,5883,139890,139892],{"id":139889},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139891,125190],{}," remove text?",[20,139894,139895],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[41,139897,139899],{"className":43,"code":139898,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139900,139901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139902,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139904,35393],{"class":56},[50,139906,838],{"class":64},[50,139908,35684],{"class":158},[50,139910,155],{"class":64},[50,139912,69],{"class":68},[50,139914,2896],{"class":72},[50,139916,69],{"class":68},[50,139918,78],{"class":64},[50,139920,6839],{"class":68},[50,139922,186],{"class":64},[1112,139924,15605,139926,125355],{"id":139925},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139927,125190],{},[20,139929,130547],{},[36,139931,2610],{"id":2609},[233,139933,139934,139938,139944,139950,139956],{},[236,139935,139936],{},[335,139937,125425],{"href":125187},[236,139939,139940],{},[335,139941,127019,139942,11442],{"href":129705},[15,139943,61210],{},[236,139945,139946],{},[335,139947,127019,139948,11442],{"href":137586},[15,139949,42329],{},[236,139951,139952],{},[335,139953,127019,139954,11442],{"href":124746},[15,139955,124749],{},[236,139957,139958],{},[335,139959,125774],{"href":51652},[2640,139961,139962],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":139964},[139965,139966,139968,139971,139972,139976,139980,139981,139983,139991,140001],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":138566,"depth":101,"text":139967},"What replace() does",{"id":6144,"depth":101,"text":6145,"children":139969},[139970],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":6500,"depth":101,"text":6501},{"id":138781,"depth":101,"text":138782,"children":139973},[139974,139975],{"id":138795,"depth":127,"text":138796},{"id":138876,"depth":127,"text":138877},{"id":138964,"depth":101,"text":138965,"children":139977},[139978,139979],{"id":138973,"depth":127,"text":138974},{"id":139049,"depth":127,"text":139050},{"id":124665,"depth":101,"text":124666},{"id":139245,"depth":101,"text":139982},"What replace() returns",{"id":5237,"depth":101,"text":5238,"children":139984},[139985,139987,139988,139989],{"id":139464,"depth":127,"text":139986},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139608,"depth":127,"text":139609},{"id":139677,"depth":127,"text":139678},{"id":139807,"depth":127,"text":139990},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":139992},[139993,139995,139996,139997,139999],{"id":139840,"depth":127,"text":139994},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139848,"depth":127,"text":139849},{"id":139855,"depth":127,"text":139856},{"id":139889,"depth":127,"text":139998},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139925,"depth":127,"text":140000},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138451,"description":140002},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":140009,"title":140010,"body":140011,"description":142030,"extension":2687,"meta":142031,"navigation":130,"path":142032,"seo":142033,"stem":142034,"__hash__":142035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":140012,"toc":141994},[140013,140018,140023,140026,140037,140039,140094,140099,140104,140111,140113,140128,140130,140186,140188,140226,140231,140233,140257,140260,140273,140278,140280,140312,140314,140347,140353,140358,140361,140371,140374,140376,140432,140434,140484,140487,140495,140498,140554,140556,140629,140642,140650,140654,140665,140668,140671,140724,140726,140758,140761,140815,140817,140852,140855,140860,140865,140870,140873,140875,140933,140935,140969,140971,140986,140989,140991,141033,141035,141061,141066,141074,141077,141079,141161,141163,141214,141217,141228,141236,141238,141311,141313,141331,141335,141338,141342,141369,141371,141379,141383,141418,141420,141433,141437,141440,141479,141481,141498,141503,141508,141519,141522,141533,141535,141537,141563,141566,141615,141617,141634,141637,141639,141691,141693,141725,141728,141786,141791,141793,141798,141901,141903,141917,141919,141926,141931,141936,141941,141946,141951,141954,141958,141963,141965,141991],[10,140014,124019,140016,12024],{"id":140015},"python-string-split-method",[15,140017,61210],{},[20,140019,124024,140020,140022],{},[15,140021,61210],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,140024,140025],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[233,140027,140028,140031,140034],{},[236,140029,140030],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[236,140032,140033],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[236,140035,140036],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[36,140038,39],{"id":38},[41,140040,140042],{"className":43,"code":140041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,140043,140044,140057,140079,140089],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140045,140046,140048,140050,140052,140055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140047,35372],{"class":56},[50,140049,61],{"class":60},[50,140051,81],{"class":68},[50,140053,140054],{"class":72},"apple,banana,cherry",[50,140056,4082],{"class":68},[50,140058,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140060,43513],{"class":56},[50,140062,61],{"class":60},[50,140064,43518],{"class":56},[50,140066,838],{"class":64},[50,140068,35153],{"class":158},[50,140070,155],{"class":64},[50,140072,69],{"class":68},[50,140074,78],{"class":72},[50,140076,69],{"class":68},[50,140078,186],{"class":64},[50,140080,140081,140083,140085,140087],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140082,366],{"class":151},[50,140084,155],{"class":64},[50,140086,43545],{"class":158},[50,140088,186],{"class":64},[50,140090,140091],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140092,140093],{"class":4385},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,140095,221,140096,140098],{},[15,140097,61210],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[36,140100,228,140102,231],{"id":140101},"what-split-does",[15,140103,61210],{},[20,140105,140106,133065,140108,838],{},[15,140107,61210],{},[4465,140109,140110],{},"string method",[20,140112,49603],{},[233,140114,140115,140118,140123],{},[236,140116,140117],{},"divides a string into parts",[236,140119,120321,140120],{},[4465,140121,140122],{},"new list of strings",[236,140124,120327,140125,140127],{},[4465,140126,5351],{}," change the original string",[20,140129,2931],{},[41,140131,140133],{"className":43,"code":140132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140134,140135,140148,140162,140166,140176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140136,140137,140139,140141,140143,140146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140138,35372],{"class":56},[50,140140,61],{"class":60},[50,140142,81],{"class":68},[50,140144,140145],{"class":72},"red blue green",[50,140147,4082],{"class":68},[50,140149,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140151,43513],{"class":56},[50,140153,61],{"class":60},[50,140155,43518],{"class":56},[50,140157,838],{"class":64},[50,140159,35153],{"class":158},[50,140161,9354],{"class":64},[50,140163,140164],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140165,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140169,366],{"class":151},[50,140171,155],{"class":64},[50,140173,35393],{"class":158},[50,140175,186],{"class":64},[50,140177,140178,140180,140182,140184],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,140179,366],{"class":151},[50,140181,155],{"class":64},[50,140183,43545],{"class":158},[50,140185,186],{"class":64},[20,140187,189],{},[41,140189,140191],{"className":43,"code":140190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,140192,140193,140198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140194,140195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140196,140197],{"class":56},"red blue green\n",[50,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140201,4620],{"class":64},[50,140203,413],{"class":68},[50,140205,13796],{"class":72},[50,140207,413],{"class":68},[50,140209,78],{"class":64},[50,140211,408],{"class":68},[50,140213,13813],{"class":72},[50,140215,413],{"class":68},[50,140217,78],{"class":64},[50,140219,408],{"class":68},[50,140221,18154],{"class":72},[50,140223,413],{"class":68},[50,140225,98],{"class":64},[20,140227,140228,140229,838],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[335,140230,125774],{"href":51652},[36,140232,256],{"id":255},[41,140234,140236],{"className":43,"code":140235,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140237,140238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140255],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140241,61853],{"class":56},[50,140243,838],{"class":64},[50,140245,35153],{"class":158},[50,140247,155],{"class":64},[50,140249,134421],{"class":158},[50,140251,78],{"class":64},[50,140253,140254],{"class":158}," maxsplit",[50,140256,186],{"class":64},[20,140258,140259],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[233,140261,140262,140267],{},[236,140263,140264,140266],{},[15,140265,134421],{}," tells Python where to split",[236,140268,140269,140272],{},[15,140270,140271],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140274,9587,140275,140277],{},[15,140276,134421],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140279,2931],{},[41,140281,140283],{"className":43,"code":140282,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140284,140285,140298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140286,140287,140289,140291,140293,140296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140288,35372],{"class":56},[50,140290,61],{"class":60},[50,140292,81],{"class":68},[50,140294,140295],{"class":72},"one two three",[50,140297,4082],{"class":68},[50,140299,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140301,366],{"class":151},[50,140303,155],{"class":64},[50,140305,35393],{"class":158},[50,140307,838],{"class":64},[50,140309,35153],{"class":158},[50,140311,7908],{"class":64},[20,140313,189],{},[41,140315,140317],{"className":43,"code":140316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140318,140319],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140322,4620],{"class":64},[50,140324,413],{"class":68},[50,140326,7298],{"class":72},[50,140328,413],{"class":68},[50,140330,78],{"class":64},[50,140332,408],{"class":68},[50,140334,79944],{"class":72},[50,140336,413],{"class":68},[50,140338,78],{"class":64},[50,140340,408],{"class":68},[50,140342,134902],{"class":72},[50,140344,413],{"class":68},[50,140346,98],{"class":64},[36,140348,2447,140350,140352],{"id":140349},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140351,61210],{}," with no separator",[20,140354,70847,140355,140357],{},[15,140356,61210],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140359,140360],{},"Whitespace includes:",[233,140362,140363,140365,140368],{},[236,140364,11152],{},[236,140366,140367],{},"tabs",[236,140369,140370],{},"new lines",[20,140372,140373],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140375,2931],{},[41,140377,140379],{"className":43,"code":140378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140380,140381,140404,140418,140422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140382,140383,140385,140387,140389,140392,140395,140397,140399,140402],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140384,35372],{"class":56},[50,140386,61],{"class":60},[50,140388,81],{"class":68},[50,140390,140391],{"class":72},"Python   is",[50,140393,140394],{"class":35138},"\\t",[50,140396,134157],{"class":72},[50,140398,87820],{"class":35138},[50,140400,140401],{"class":72},"and useful",[50,140403,4082],{"class":68},[50,140405,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140407,43513],{"class":56},[50,140409,61],{"class":60},[50,140411,43518],{"class":56},[50,140413,838],{"class":64},[50,140415,35153],{"class":158},[50,140417,9354],{"class":64},[50,140419,140420],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140421,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140423,140424,140426,140428,140430],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140425,366],{"class":151},[50,140427,155],{"class":64},[50,140429,43545],{"class":158},[50,140431,186],{"class":64},[20,140433,189],{},[41,140435,140437],{"className":43,"code":140436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140438,140439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140440,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140480,140482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140442,4620],{"class":64},[50,140444,413],{"class":68},[50,140446,8010],{"class":72},[50,140448,413],{"class":68},[50,140450,78],{"class":64},[50,140452,408],{"class":68},[50,140454,12898],{"class":72},[50,140456,413],{"class":68},[50,140458,78],{"class":64},[50,140460,408],{"class":68},[50,140462,134157],{"class":72},[50,140464,413],{"class":68},[50,140466,78],{"class":64},[50,140468,408],{"class":68},[50,140470,130783],{"class":72},[50,140472,413],{"class":68},[50,140474,78],{"class":64},[50,140476,408],{"class":68},[50,140478,140479],{"class":72},"useful",[50,140481,413],{"class":68},[50,140483,98],{"class":64},[20,140485,140486],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1112,140488,140490,11286,140492],{"id":140489},"split-vs-split",[15,140491,61210],{},[15,140493,140494],{},"split(' ')",[20,140496,140497],{},"These are not the same.",[41,140499,140501],{"className":43,"code":140500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140502,140503,140516,140520,140534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140504,140505,140507,140509,140511,140514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140506,35372],{"class":56},[50,140508,61],{"class":60},[50,140510,81],{"class":68},[50,140512,140513],{"class":72},"a  b   c",[50,140515,4082],{"class":68},[50,140517,140518],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140519,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140521,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140523,366],{"class":151},[50,140525,155],{"class":64},[50,140527,35393],{"class":158},[50,140529,838],{"class":64},[50,140531,35153],{"class":158},[50,140533,7908],{"class":64},[50,140535,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140537,366],{"class":151},[50,140539,155],{"class":64},[50,140541,35393],{"class":158},[50,140543,838],{"class":64},[50,140545,35153],{"class":158},[50,140547,155],{"class":64},[50,140549,69],{"class":68},[50,140551,81],{"class":68},[50,140553,1077],{"class":64},[20,140555,189],{},[41,140557,140559],{"className":43,"code":140558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140560,140561,140589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140562,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140564,4620],{"class":64},[50,140566,413],{"class":68},[50,140568,335],{"class":72},[50,140570,413],{"class":68},[50,140572,78],{"class":64},[50,140574,408],{"class":68},[50,140576,344],{"class":72},[50,140578,413],{"class":68},[50,140580,78],{"class":64},[50,140582,408],{"class":68},[50,140584,353],{"class":72},[50,140586,413],{"class":68},[50,140588,98],{"class":64},[50,140590,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625,140627],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140592,4620],{"class":64},[50,140594,413],{"class":68},[50,140596,335],{"class":72},[50,140598,413],{"class":68},[50,140600,78],{"class":64},[50,140602,4561],{"class":68},[50,140604,78],{"class":64},[50,140606,408],{"class":68},[50,140608,344],{"class":72},[50,140610,413],{"class":68},[50,140612,78],{"class":64},[50,140614,4561],{"class":68},[50,140616,78],{"class":64},[50,140618,4561],{"class":68},[50,140620,78],{"class":64},[50,140622,408],{"class":68},[50,140624,353],{"class":72},[50,140626,413],{"class":68},[50,140628,98],{"class":64},[233,140630,140631,140636],{},[236,140632,140633,140635],{},[15,140634,61210],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[236,140637,140638,140641],{},[15,140639,140640],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140643,140644,140645,140649],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[335,140646,127019,140647,11442],{"href":137586},[15,140648,42329],{}," is often useful.",[36,140651,140653],{"id":140652},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140655,140656,140657,2912,140660,2916,140662,838],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140658,140659],{},"\",\"",[15,140661,134256],{},[15,140663,140664],{},"\"::\"",[20,140666,140667],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140669,140670],{},"Example with commas:",[41,140672,140674],{"className":43,"code":140673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140675,140676,140688,140710,140714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140677,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140679,35372],{"class":56},[50,140681,61],{"class":60},[50,140683,81],{"class":68},[50,140685,140054],{"class":72},[50,140687,4082],{"class":68},[50,140689,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140706,140708],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140691,43513],{"class":56},[50,140693,61],{"class":60},[50,140695,43518],{"class":56},[50,140697,838],{"class":64},[50,140699,35153],{"class":158},[50,140701,155],{"class":64},[50,140703,69],{"class":68},[50,140705,78],{"class":72},[50,140707,69],{"class":68},[50,140709,186],{"class":64},[50,140711,140712],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140713,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140715,140716,140718,140720,140722],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140717,366],{"class":151},[50,140719,155],{"class":64},[50,140721,43545],{"class":158},[50,140723,186],{"class":64},[20,140725,189],{},[41,140727,140728],{"className":43,"code":79123,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140729,140730],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140733,4620],{"class":64},[50,140735,413],{"class":68},[50,140737,4797],{"class":72},[50,140739,413],{"class":68},[50,140741,78],{"class":64},[50,140743,408],{"class":68},[50,140745,4806],{"class":72},[50,140747,413],{"class":68},[50,140749,78],{"class":64},[50,140751,408],{"class":68},[50,140753,4815],{"class":72},[50,140755,413],{"class":68},[50,140757,98],{"class":64},[20,140759,140760],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[41,140762,140764],{"className":43,"code":140763,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140765,140766,140779,140801,140805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140767,140768,140770,140772,140774,140777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140769,35372],{"class":56},[50,140771,61],{"class":60},[50,140773,81],{"class":68},[50,140775,140776],{"class":72},"2024::10::31",[50,140778,4082],{"class":68},[50,140780,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140782,43513],{"class":56},[50,140784,61],{"class":60},[50,140786,43518],{"class":56},[50,140788,838],{"class":64},[50,140790,35153],{"class":158},[50,140792,155],{"class":64},[50,140794,69],{"class":68},[50,140796,77340],{"class":72},[50,140798,69],{"class":68},[50,140800,186],{"class":64},[50,140802,140803],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140804,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140806,140807,140809,140811,140813],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140808,366],{"class":151},[50,140810,155],{"class":64},[50,140812,43545],{"class":158},[50,140814,186],{"class":64},[20,140816,189],{},[41,140818,140820],{"className":43,"code":140819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140821,140822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140823,140824,140826,140828,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140845,140848,140850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140825,4620],{"class":64},[50,140827,413],{"class":68},[50,140829,140830],{"class":72},"2024",[50,140832,413],{"class":68},[50,140834,78],{"class":64},[50,140836,408],{"class":68},[50,140838,1868],{"class":72},[50,140840,413],{"class":68},[50,140842,78],{"class":64},[50,140844,408],{"class":68},[50,140846,140847],{"class":72},"31",[50,140849,413],{"class":68},[50,140851,98],{"class":64},[20,140853,140854],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140856,140857,140858,838],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[335,140859,129702],{"href":129701},[36,140861,2447,140863],{"id":140862},"using-maxsplit",[15,140864,140271],{},[20,140866,140867,140869],{},[15,140868,140271],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140871,140872],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140874,2931],{},[41,140876,140878],{"className":43,"code":140877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140879,140880,140893,140919,140923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140881,140882,140884,140886,140888,140891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140883,35372],{"class":56},[50,140885,61],{"class":60},[50,140887,81],{"class":68},[50,140889,140890],{"class":72},"name:age:city:country",[50,140892,4082],{"class":68},[50,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,140896,43513],{"class":56},[50,140898,61],{"class":60},[50,140900,43518],{"class":56},[50,140902,838],{"class":64},[50,140904,35153],{"class":158},[50,140906,155],{"class":64},[50,140908,69],{"class":68},[50,140910,1408],{"class":72},[50,140912,69],{"class":68},[50,140914,78],{"class":64},[50,140916,314],{"class":111},[50,140918,186],{"class":64},[50,140920,140921],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,140922,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,140924,140925,140927,140929,140931],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,140926,366],{"class":151},[50,140928,155],{"class":64},[50,140930,43545],{"class":158},[50,140932,186],{"class":64},[20,140934,189],{},[41,140936,140938],{"className":43,"code":140937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140939,140940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140965,140967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140943,4620],{"class":64},[50,140945,413],{"class":68},[50,140947,178],{"class":72},[50,140949,413],{"class":68},[50,140951,78],{"class":64},[50,140953,408],{"class":68},[50,140955,1303],{"class":72},[50,140957,413],{"class":68},[50,140959,78],{"class":64},[50,140961,408],{"class":68},[50,140963,140964],{"class":72},"city:country",[50,140966,413],{"class":68},[50,140968,98],{"class":64},[20,140970,2901],{},[233,140972,140973,140978,140983],{},[236,140974,140975,140976],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140977,1408],{},[236,140979,140980,140981],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140982,1408],{},[236,140984,140985],{},"then stops",[20,140987,140988],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140990,52757],{},[41,140992,140994],{"className":43,"code":140993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140995,140996,141009],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140997,140998,141000,141002,141004,141007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140999,35372],{"class":56},[50,141001,61],{"class":60},[50,141003,81],{"class":68},[50,141005,141006],{"class":72},"apple banana cherry grape",[50,141008,4082],{"class":68},[50,141010,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141012,366],{"class":151},[50,141014,155],{"class":64},[50,141016,35393],{"class":158},[50,141018,838],{"class":64},[50,141020,35153],{"class":158},[50,141022,155],{"class":64},[50,141024,69],{"class":68},[50,141026,81],{"class":68},[50,141028,78],{"class":64},[50,141030,6212],{"class":111},[50,141032,1077],{"class":64},[20,141034,189],{},[41,141036,141038],{"className":43,"code":141037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,141039,141040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141041,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141057,141059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141043,4620],{"class":64},[50,141045,413],{"class":68},[50,141047,4797],{"class":72},[50,141049,413],{"class":68},[50,141051,78],{"class":64},[50,141053,408],{"class":68},[50,141055,141056],{"class":72},"banana cherry grape",[50,141058,413],{"class":68},[50,141060,98],{"class":64},[36,141062,228,141064,12409],{"id":141063},"what-split-returns",[15,141065,61210],{},[20,141067,141068,141069,141071,141072,838],{},"The result of ",[15,141070,61210],{}," is always a ",[4465,141073,372],{},[20,141075,141076],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,141078,2931],{},[41,141080,141082],{"className":43,"code":141081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,141083,141084,141097,141119,141123,141133,141147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141085,141086,141088,141090,141092,141095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141087,35372],{"class":56},[50,141089,61],{"class":60},[50,141091,81],{"class":68},[50,141093,141094],{"class":72},"cat,dog,bird",[50,141096,4082],{"class":68},[50,141098,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141100,43513],{"class":56},[50,141102,61],{"class":60},[50,141104,43518],{"class":56},[50,141106,838],{"class":64},[50,141108,35153],{"class":158},[50,141110,155],{"class":64},[50,141112,69],{"class":68},[50,141114,78],{"class":72},[50,141116,69],{"class":68},[50,141118,186],{"class":64},[50,141120,141121],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141122,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141126,366],{"class":151},[50,141128,155],{"class":64},[50,141130,43545],{"class":158},[50,141132,186],{"class":64},[50,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,141136,366],{"class":151},[50,141138,155],{"class":64},[50,141140,3945],{"class":371},[50,141142,155],{"class":64},[50,141144,43545],{"class":158},[50,141146,1077],{"class":64},[50,141148,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,141150,366],{"class":151},[50,141152,155],{"class":64},[50,141154,43545],{"class":158},[50,141156,4620],{"class":64},[50,141158,2842],{"class":111},[50,141160,2210],{"class":64},[20,141162,189],{},[41,141164,141166],{"className":43,"code":141165,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,141167,141168,141196,141210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141169,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141171,4620],{"class":64},[50,141173,413],{"class":68},[50,141175,37724],{"class":72},[50,141177,413],{"class":68},[50,141179,78],{"class":64},[50,141181,408],{"class":68},[50,141183,58805],{"class":72},[50,141185,413],{"class":68},[50,141187,78],{"class":64},[50,141189,408],{"class":68},[50,141191,58822],{"class":72},[50,141193,413],{"class":68},[50,141195,98],{"class":64},[50,141197,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141199,4014],{"class":60},[50,141201,4017],{"class":752},[50,141203,408],{"class":68},[50,141205,372],{"class":72},[50,141207,413],{"class":68},[50,141209,4026],{"class":60},[50,141211,141212],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141213,86137],{"class":56},[20,141215,141216],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[233,141218,141219,141222,141225],{},[236,141220,141221],{},"loop over it",[236,141223,141224],{},"access items by index",[236,141226,141227],{},"combine items again later",[20,141229,141230,141231,838],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[335,141232,127019,141234,11442],{"href":141233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141235,134099],{},[20,141237,2931],{},[41,141239,141241],{"className":43,"code":141240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141242,141243,141275,141297,141301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141244,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141246,43513],{"class":56},[50,141248,61],{"class":60},[50,141250,65],{"class":64},[50,141252,413],{"class":68},[50,141254,37724],{"class":72},[50,141256,413],{"class":68},[50,141258,78],{"class":64},[50,141260,408],{"class":68},[50,141262,58805],{"class":72},[50,141264,413],{"class":68},[50,141266,78],{"class":64},[50,141268,408],{"class":68},[50,141270,58822],{"class":72},[50,141272,413],{"class":68},[50,141274,98],{"class":64},[50,141276,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141278,35372],{"class":56},[50,141280,61],{"class":60},[50,141282,81],{"class":68},[50,141284,2746],{"class":72},[50,141286,69],{"class":68},[50,141288,838],{"class":64},[50,141290,134176],{"class":158},[50,141292,155],{"class":64},[50,141294,43545],{"class":158},[50,141296,186],{"class":64},[50,141298,141299],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141300,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,141302,141303,141305,141307,141309],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141304,366],{"class":151},[50,141306,155],{"class":64},[50,141308,35393],{"class":158},[50,141310,186],{"class":64},[20,141312,189],{},[41,141314,141316],{"className":43,"code":141315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141317,141318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141319,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141321,37724],{"class":56},[50,141323,2746],{"class":60},[50,141325,58805],{"class":56},[50,141327,2746],{"class":60},[50,141329,141330],{"class":56},"bird\n",[36,141332,141334],{"id":141333},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141336,141337],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1112,141339,141341],{"id":141340},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[41,141343,141345],{"className":43,"code":141344,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141346,141347,141355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141348,141349,141351,141353],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141350,35372],{"class":56},[50,141352,61],{"class":60},[50,141354,8594],{"class":68},[50,141356,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141358,366],{"class":151},[50,141360,155],{"class":64},[50,141362,35393],{"class":158},[50,141364,838],{"class":64},[50,141366,35153],{"class":158},[50,141368,7908],{"class":64},[20,141370,189],{},[41,141372,141373],{"className":43,"code":1602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,141374,141375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141376,141377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141378,1602],{"class":64},[1112,141380,141382],{"id":141381},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[41,141384,141386],{"className":43,"code":141385,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141387,141388,141396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141389,141390,141392,141394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141391,35372],{"class":56},[50,141393,61],{"class":60},[50,141395,8594],{"class":68},[50,141397,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141399,366],{"class":151},[50,141401,155],{"class":64},[50,141403,35393],{"class":158},[50,141405,838],{"class":64},[50,141407,35153],{"class":158},[50,141409,155],{"class":64},[50,141411,69],{"class":68},[50,141413,78],{"class":72},[50,141415,69],{"class":68},[50,141417,1077],{"class":64},[20,141419,189],{},[41,141421,141423],{"className":43,"code":141422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['']\n",[15,141424,141425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141426,141427,141429,141431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141428,4620],{"class":64},[50,141430,4496],{"class":68},[50,141432,98],{"class":64},[1112,141434,141436],{"id":141435},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141438,141439],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[41,141441,141443],{"className":43,"code":141442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141444,141445,141457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141446,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141448,35372],{"class":56},[50,141450,61],{"class":60},[50,141452,81],{"class":68},[50,141454,4568],{"class":72},[50,141456,4082],{"class":68},[50,141458,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141460,366],{"class":151},[50,141462,155],{"class":64},[50,141464,35393],{"class":158},[50,141466,838],{"class":64},[50,141468,35153],{"class":158},[50,141470,155],{"class":64},[50,141472,69],{"class":68},[50,141474,78],{"class":72},[50,141476,69],{"class":68},[50,141478,1077],{"class":64},[20,141480,189],{},[41,141482,141484],{"className":43,"code":141483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello']\n",[15,141485,141486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141487,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141489,4620],{"class":64},[50,141491,413],{"class":68},[50,141493,4568],{"class":72},[50,141495,413],{"class":68},[50,141497,98],{"class":64},[36,141499,5681,141501],{"id":141500},"when-to-use-split",[15,141502,61210],{},[20,141504,221,141505,141507],{},[15,141506,61210],{}," when you need to:",[233,141509,141510,141513,141516],{},[236,141511,141512],{},"split a sentence into words",[236,141514,141515],{},"split comma-separated values",[236,141517,141518],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141520,141521],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[233,141523,141524,141527,141530],{},[236,141525,141526],{},"cleaning text",[236,141528,141529],{},"parsing user input",[236,141531,141532],{},"processing simple file content",[36,141534,3553],{"id":3552},[20,141536,84908],{},[233,141538,141539,141543,141549,141552,141560],{},[236,141540,51182,141541,132237],{},[15,141542,61210],{},[236,141544,141545,141546,141548],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141547,61210],{}," returns a list, not a string",[236,141550,141551],{},"using the wrong separator",[236,141553,141554,141555,141557,141558],{},"assuming ",[15,141556,140494],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141559,61210],{},[236,141561,141562],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141564,141565],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[41,141567,141569],{"className":43,"code":141568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141570,141571,141583,141601,141605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141572,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141574,35372],{"class":56},[50,141576,61],{"class":60},[50,141578,81],{"class":68},[50,141580,43506],{"class":72},[50,141582,4082],{"class":68},[50,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141586,35393],{"class":56},[50,141588,838],{"class":64},[50,141590,35153],{"class":158},[50,141592,155],{"class":64},[50,141594,69],{"class":68},[50,141596,78],{"class":72},[50,141598,69],{"class":68},[50,141600,186],{"class":64},[50,141602,141603],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141604,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,141606,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141608,366],{"class":151},[50,141610,155],{"class":64},[50,141612,35393],{"class":158},[50,141614,186],{"class":64},[20,141616,189],{},[41,141618,141620],{"className":43,"code":141619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a,b,c\n",[15,141621,141622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141623,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141625,335],{"class":56},[50,141627,78],{"class":64},[50,141629,344],{"class":56},[50,141631,78],{"class":64},[50,141633,69923],{"class":56},[20,141635,141636],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141638,11509],{},[41,141640,141641],{"className":43,"code":43493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,141642,141643,141655,141677,141681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141644,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141646,35372],{"class":56},[50,141648,61],{"class":60},[50,141650,81],{"class":68},[50,141652,43506],{"class":72},[50,141654,4082],{"class":68},[50,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141658,43513],{"class":56},[50,141660,61],{"class":60},[50,141662,43518],{"class":56},[50,141664,838],{"class":64},[50,141666,35153],{"class":158},[50,141668,155],{"class":64},[50,141670,69],{"class":68},[50,141672,78],{"class":72},[50,141674,69],{"class":68},[50,141676,186],{"class":64},[50,141678,141679],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141680,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141684,366],{"class":151},[50,141686,155],{"class":64},[50,141688,43545],{"class":158},[50,141690,186],{"class":64},[20,141692,189],{},[41,141694,141695],{"className":43,"code":43552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,141696,141697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141698,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141700,4620],{"class":64},[50,141702,413],{"class":68},[50,141704,335],{"class":72},[50,141706,413],{"class":68},[50,141708,78],{"class":64},[50,141710,408],{"class":68},[50,141712,344],{"class":72},[50,141714,413],{"class":68},[50,141716,78],{"class":64},[50,141718,408],{"class":68},[50,141720,353],{"class":72},[50,141722,413],{"class":68},[50,141724,98],{"class":64},[20,141726,141727],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[41,141729,141731],{"className":43,"code":141730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141732,141733,141746,141768,141772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141734,141735,141737,141739,141741,141744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141736,35372],{"class":56},[50,141738,61],{"class":60},[50,141740,81],{"class":68},[50,141742,141743],{"class":72},"apple,banana",[50,141745,4082],{"class":68},[50,141747,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141749,43513],{"class":56},[50,141751,61],{"class":60},[50,141753,43518],{"class":56},[50,141755,838],{"class":64},[50,141757,35153],{"class":158},[50,141759,155],{"class":64},[50,141761,69],{"class":68},[50,141763,78],{"class":72},[50,141765,69],{"class":68},[50,141767,186],{"class":64},[50,141769,141770],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141771,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,141773,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141775,366],{"class":151},[50,141777,155],{"class":64},[50,141779,43545],{"class":158},[50,141781,4620],{"class":64},[50,141783,422],{"class":111},[50,141785,2210],{"class":64},[20,141787,141788,141789,838],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[335,141790,69936],{"href":69935},[1112,141792,61389],{"id":61388},[20,141794,9587,141795,141797],{},[15,141796,61210],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[41,141799,141801],{"className":43,"code":141800,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141802,141803,141813,141827,141849,141875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141804,141805,141807,141809,141811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141806,366],{"class":151},[50,141808,155],{"class":64},[50,141810,35393],{"class":158},[50,141812,186],{"class":64},[50,141814,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,141816,366],{"class":151},[50,141818,155],{"class":64},[50,141820,35393],{"class":158},[50,141822,838],{"class":64},[50,141824,35153],{"class":158},[50,141826,7908],{"class":64},[50,141828,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,141830,366],{"class":151},[50,141832,155],{"class":64},[50,141834,35393],{"class":158},[50,141836,838],{"class":64},[50,141838,35153],{"class":158},[50,141840,155],{"class":64},[50,141842,413],{"class":68},[50,141844,78],{"class":72},[50,141846,413],{"class":68},[50,141848,1077],{"class":64},[50,141850,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,141852,366],{"class":151},[50,141854,155],{"class":64},[50,141856,1060],{"class":151},[50,141858,155],{"class":64},[50,141860,35393],{"class":158},[50,141862,838],{"class":64},[50,141864,35153],{"class":158},[50,141866,155],{"class":64},[50,141868,413],{"class":68},[50,141870,78],{"class":72},[50,141872,413],{"class":68},[50,141874,389],{"class":64},[50,141876,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,141878,366],{"class":151},[50,141880,155],{"class":64},[50,141882,3945],{"class":371},[50,141884,155],{"class":64},[50,141886,35393],{"class":158},[50,141888,838],{"class":64},[50,141890,35153],{"class":158},[50,141892,155],{"class":64},[50,141894,413],{"class":68},[50,141896,78],{"class":72},[50,141898,413],{"class":68},[50,141900,389],{"class":64},[20,141902,11872],{},[233,141904,141905,141908,141911,141914],{},[236,141906,141907],{},"what the original string looks like",[236,141909,141910],{},"which separator works",[236,141912,141913],{},"how many items were created",[236,141915,141916],{},"that the result is a list",[36,141918,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,141920,5893,141922,827,141924,2582],{"id":141921},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141923,61210],{},[15,141925,140494],{},[20,141927,141928,141930],{},[15,141929,61210],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141932,141933,141935],{},[15,141934,140494],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1112,141937,2569,141939,125346],{"id":141938},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141940,61210],{},[20,141942,141943,141944,57157],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141945,61210],{},[1112,141947,2559,141949,40637],{"id":141948},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141950,140271],{},[20,141952,141953],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1112,141955,141957],{"id":141956},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141959,1107,141960,141962],{},[15,141961,61210],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[36,141964,2610],{"id":2609},[233,141966,141967,141971,141977,141983,141987],{},[236,141968,141969],{},[335,141970,130623],{"href":129701},[236,141972,141973],{},[335,141974,127019,141975,11442],{"href":141233},[15,141976,134099],{},[236,141978,141979],{},[335,141980,127019,141981,11442],{"href":137586},[15,141982,42329],{},[236,141984,141985],{},[335,141986,125774],{"href":51652},[236,141988,141989],{},[335,141990,69936],{"href":69935},[2640,141992,141993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":141995},[141996,141997,141999,142000,142005,142006,142008,142010,142015,142017,142020,142029],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":140101,"depth":101,"text":141998},"What split() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":140349,"depth":101,"text":142001,"children":142002},"Using split() with no separator",[142003],{"id":140489,"depth":127,"text":142004},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140652,"depth":101,"text":140653},{"id":140862,"depth":101,"text":142007},"Using maxsplit",{"id":141063,"depth":101,"text":142009},"What split() returns",{"id":141333,"depth":101,"text":141334,"children":142011},[142012,142013,142014],{"id":141340,"depth":127,"text":141341},{"id":141381,"depth":127,"text":141382},{"id":141435,"depth":127,"text":141436},{"id":141500,"depth":101,"text":142016},"When to use split()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":142018},[142019],{"id":61388,"depth":127,"text":61389},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":142021},[142022,142024,142026,142028],{"id":141921,"depth":127,"text":142023},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141938,"depth":127,"text":142025},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141948,"depth":127,"text":142027},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141956,"depth":127,"text":141957},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":140010,"description":142030},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":142037,"title":142038,"body":142039,"description":143982,"extension":2687,"meta":143983,"navigation":130,"path":143984,"seo":143985,"stem":143986,"__hash__":143987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":142040,"toc":143941},[142041,142046,142051,142058,142131,142136,142141,142146,142162,142164,142234,142236,142238,142258,142260,142305,142310,142312,142410,142415,142419,142424,142428,142431,142473,142477,142480,142525,142529,142532,142582,142586,142591,142643,142645,142650,142661,142666,142746,142748,142760,142769,142776,142791,142793,142908,142914,142918,142921,142926,143068,143071,143078,143080,143084,143092,143161,143167,143216,143221,143226,143228,143248,143250,143316,143318,143322,143325,143329,143370,143372,143405,143410,143413,143440,143442,143485,143492,143497,143507,143573,143577,143585,143590,143641,143645,143648,143650,143659,143661,143711,143713,143820,143822,143827,143834,143840,143843,143874,143879,143881,143888,143896,143905,143908,143910,143938],[10,142042,124019,142044,12024],{"id":142043},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,142045,128387],{},[20,142047,124024,142048,142050],{},[15,142049,128387],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,142052,127085,142053,3602,142055,142057],{},[15,142054,4326],{},[15,142056,4396],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[41,142059,142061],{"className":43,"code":142060,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,142062,142063,142076,142080,142105],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142064,142065,142067,142069,142071,142074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142066,35372],{"class":56},[50,142068,61],{"class":60},[50,142070,81],{"class":68},[50,142072,142073],{"class":72},"Python Beginner Help",[50,142075,4082],{"class":68},[50,142077,142078],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142079,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142081,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142083,366],{"class":151},[50,142085,155],{"class":64},[50,142087,35393],{"class":158},[50,142089,838],{"class":64},[50,142091,142092],{"class":158},"startswith",[50,142094,155],{"class":64},[50,142096,69],{"class":68},[50,142098,8010],{"class":72},[50,142100,69],{"class":68},[50,142102,6075],{"class":64},[50,142104,44532],{"class":4385},[50,142106,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142124,142126,142128],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142108,366],{"class":151},[50,142110,155],{"class":64},[50,142112,35393],{"class":158},[50,142114,838],{"class":64},[50,142116,142092],{"class":158},[50,142118,155],{"class":64},[50,142120,69],{"class":68},[50,142122,142123],{"class":72},"Beginner",[50,142125,69],{"class":68},[50,142127,6075],{"class":64},[50,142129,142130],{"class":4385}," # False\n",[20,142132,221,142133,142135],{},[15,142134,128387],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[36,142137,228,142139,231],{"id":142138},"what-startswith-does",[15,142140,128387],{},[20,142142,142143,142145],{},[15,142144,128387],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[233,142147,142148,142151,142157,142159],{},[236,142149,142150],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[236,142152,5861,142153,3602,142155],{},[15,142154,4326],{},[15,142156,4396],{},[236,142158,124162],{},[236,142160,142161],{},"It works only on strings",[20,142163,2931],{},[41,142165,142167],{"className":43,"code":142166,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,142168,142169,142181,142185,142210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142170,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142172,8589],{"class":56},[50,142174,61],{"class":60},[50,142176,81],{"class":68},[50,142178,8010],{"class":72},[50,142180,4082],{"class":68},[50,142182,142183],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142184,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142186,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142204,142206,142208],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142188,366],{"class":151},[50,142190,155],{"class":64},[50,142192,178],{"class":158},[50,142194,838],{"class":64},[50,142196,142092],{"class":158},[50,142198,155],{"class":64},[50,142200,69],{"class":68},[50,142202,142203],{"class":72},"Py",[50,142205,69],{"class":68},[50,142207,6075],{"class":64},[50,142209,44532],{"class":4385},[50,142211,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142213,366],{"class":151},[50,142215,155],{"class":64},[50,142217,178],{"class":158},[50,142219,838],{"class":64},[50,142221,142092],{"class":158},[50,142223,155],{"class":64},[50,142225,69],{"class":68},[50,142227,129464],{"class":72},[50,142229,69],{"class":68},[50,142231,6075],{"class":64},[50,142233,44549],{"class":4385},[36,142235,256],{"id":255},[20,142237,43061],{},[41,142239,142241],{"className":43,"code":142240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142242,142243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142244,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142256],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142246,61853],{"class":56},[50,142248,838],{"class":64},[50,142250,142092],{"class":158},[50,142252,155],{"class":64},[50,142254,142255],{"class":158},"prefix",[50,142257,186],{"class":64},[20,142259,31453],{},[41,142261,142263],{"className":43,"code":142262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142264,142265,142283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142266,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142268,61853],{"class":56},[50,142270,838],{"class":64},[50,142272,142092],{"class":158},[50,142274,155],{"class":64},[50,142276,142255],{"class":158},[50,142278,78],{"class":64},[50,142280,36729],{"class":158},[50,142282,186],{"class":64},[50,142284,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142286,61853],{"class":56},[50,142288,838],{"class":64},[50,142290,142092],{"class":158},[50,142292,155],{"class":64},[50,142294,142255],{"class":158},[50,142296,78],{"class":64},[50,142298,36729],{"class":158},[50,142300,78],{"class":64},[50,142302,65718],{"class":158},[50,142304,186],{"class":64},[20,142306,21469,142307,142309],{},[15,142308,142255],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142311,2931],{},[41,142313,142315],{"className":43,"code":142314,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142316,142317,142329,142333,142358,142382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142320,35372],{"class":56},[50,142322,61],{"class":60},[50,142324,81],{"class":68},[50,142326,61085],{"class":72},[50,142328,4082],{"class":68},[50,142330,142331],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142332,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142336,366],{"class":151},[50,142338,155],{"class":64},[50,142340,35393],{"class":158},[50,142342,838],{"class":64},[50,142344,142092],{"class":158},[50,142346,155],{"class":64},[50,142348,69],{"class":68},[50,142350,4568],{"class":72},[50,142352,69],{"class":68},[50,142354,6075],{"class":64},[50,142356,142357],{"class":4385},"      # True\n",[50,142359,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142361,366],{"class":151},[50,142363,155],{"class":64},[50,142365,35393],{"class":158},[50,142367,838],{"class":64},[50,142369,142092],{"class":158},[50,142371,155],{"class":64},[50,142373,69],{"class":68},[50,142375,61270],{"class":72},[50,142377,69],{"class":68},[50,142379,6075],{"class":64},[50,142381,21899],{"class":4385},[50,142383,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,142385,366],{"class":151},[50,142387,155],{"class":64},[50,142389,35393],{"class":158},[50,142391,838],{"class":64},[50,142393,142092],{"class":158},[50,142395,155],{"class":64},[50,142397,69],{"class":68},[50,142399,61270],{"class":72},[50,142401,69],{"class":68},[50,142403,78],{"class":64},[50,142405,38321],{"class":111},[50,142407,6075],{"class":64},[50,142409,44532],{"class":4385},[20,142411,142412,142413,838],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[335,142414,125774],{"href":51652},[36,142416,142418],{"id":142417},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142420,142421,142423],{},[15,142422,128387],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1112,142425,142426],{"id":142255},[15,142427,142255],{},[20,142429,142430],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[41,142432,142434],{"className":43,"code":142433,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142435,142436,142448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142437,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142439,35372],{"class":56},[50,142441,61],{"class":60},[50,142443,81],{"class":68},[50,142445,4806],{"class":72},[50,142447,4082],{"class":68},[50,142449,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142467,142469,142471],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142451,366],{"class":151},[50,142453,155],{"class":64},[50,142455,35393],{"class":158},[50,142457,838],{"class":64},[50,142459,142092],{"class":158},[50,142461,155],{"class":64},[50,142463,69],{"class":68},[50,142465,142466],{"class":72},"ban",[50,142468,69],{"class":68},[50,142470,6075],{"class":64},[50,142472,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,142474,142475],{"id":36750},[15,142476,36750],{},[20,142478,142479],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[41,142481,142483],{"className":43,"code":142482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142484,142485,142497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142486,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142488,35372],{"class":56},[50,142490,61],{"class":60},[50,142492,81],{"class":68},[50,142494,61085],{"class":72},[50,142496,4082],{"class":68},[50,142498,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142500,366],{"class":151},[50,142502,155],{"class":64},[50,142504,35393],{"class":158},[50,142506,838],{"class":64},[50,142508,142092],{"class":158},[50,142510,155],{"class":64},[50,142512,69],{"class":68},[50,142514,61270],{"class":72},[50,142516,69],{"class":68},[50,142518,78],{"class":64},[50,142520,38321],{"class":111},[50,142522,6075],{"class":64},[50,142524,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,142526,142527],{"id":53338},[15,142528,53338],{},[20,142530,142531],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[41,142533,142535],{"className":43,"code":142534,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142536,142537,142549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142538,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142540,35372],{"class":56},[50,142542,61],{"class":60},[50,142544,81],{"class":68},[50,142546,61085],{"class":72},[50,142548,4082],{"class":68},[50,142550,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142552,366],{"class":151},[50,142554,155],{"class":64},[50,142556,35393],{"class":158},[50,142558,838],{"class":64},[50,142560,142092],{"class":158},[50,142562,155],{"class":64},[50,142564,69],{"class":68},[50,142566,142567],{"class":72},"wor",[50,142569,69],{"class":68},[50,142571,78],{"class":64},[50,142573,38321],{"class":111},[50,142575,78],{"class":64},[50,142577,54814],{"class":111},[50,142579,6075],{"class":64},[50,142581,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,142583,142585],{"id":142584},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142587,142588,142590],{},[15,142589,142255],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[41,142592,142594],{"className":43,"code":142593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142595,142596,142609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142597,142598,142600,142602,142604,142607],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142599,127102],{"class":56},[50,142601,61],{"class":60},[50,142603,81],{"class":68},[50,142605,142606],{"class":72},"img_001.png",[50,142608,4082],{"class":68},[50,142610,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142628,142630,142632,142634,142637,142639,142641],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142612,366],{"class":151},[50,142614,155],{"class":64},[50,142616,127120],{"class":158},[50,142618,838],{"class":64},[50,142620,142092],{"class":158},[50,142622,6225],{"class":64},[50,142624,69],{"class":68},[50,142626,142627],{"class":72},"img_",[50,142629,69],{"class":68},[50,142631,78],{"class":64},[50,142633,81],{"class":68},[50,142635,142636],{"class":72},"photo_",[50,142638,69],{"class":68},[50,142640,51768],{"class":64},[50,142642,4386],{"class":4385},[36,142644,18117],{"id":18116},[20,142646,142647,142649],{},[15,142648,128387],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[233,142651,142652,142657],{},[236,142653,142654,142656],{},[15,142655,4326],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[236,142658,142659,127704],{},[15,142660,4396],{},[20,142662,142663,142664,7886],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142665,7711],{},[41,142667,142669],{"className":43,"code":142668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142670,142671,142685,142689,142710,142725,142731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142672,142673,142676,142678,142680,142683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142674,142675],{"class":56},"command ",[50,142677,61],{"class":60},[50,142679,81],{"class":68},[50,142681,142682],{"class":72},"\u002Fhelp",[50,142684,4082],{"class":68},[50,142686,142687],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142688,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142690,142691,142693,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142692,7711],{"class":137},[50,142694,142695],{"class":56}," command",[50,142697,838],{"class":64},[50,142699,142092],{"class":158},[50,142701,155],{"class":64},[50,142703,69],{"class":68},[50,142705,127911],{"class":72},[50,142707,69],{"class":68},[50,142709,167],{"class":64},[50,142711,142712,142714,142716,142718,142721,142723],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142713,173],{"class":151},[50,142715,155],{"class":64},[50,142717,69],{"class":68},[50,142719,142720],{"class":72},"This looks like a command.",[50,142722,69],{"class":68},[50,142724,186],{"class":64},[50,142726,142727,142729],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,142728,28124],{"class":137},[50,142730,2229],{"class":64},[50,142732,142733,142735,142737,142739,142742,142744],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,142734,173],{"class":151},[50,142736,155],{"class":64},[50,142738,69],{"class":68},[50,142740,142741],{"class":72},"This is normal text.",[50,142743,69],{"class":68},[50,142745,186],{"class":64},[20,142747,189],{},[41,142749,142751],{"className":43,"code":142750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142752,142753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142754,142755,142758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142756,142757],{"class":56},"This looks like a command",[50,142759,123051],{"class":64},[36,142761,2447,142763,9416,142765,827,142767],{"id":142762},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142764,128387],{},[15,142766,36750],{},[15,142768,53338],{},[20,142770,2704,142771,827,142773,142775],{},[15,142772,36750],{},[15,142774,53338],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[233,142777,142778,142783,142788],{},[236,142779,142780,142782],{},[15,142781,36750],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[236,142784,142785,142787],{},[15,142786,53338],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[236,142789,142790],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142792,2931],{},[41,142794,142796],{"className":43,"code":142795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142797,142798,142810,142814,142843,142876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142799,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142801,35372],{"class":56},[50,142803,61],{"class":60},[50,142805,81],{"class":68},[50,142807,140295],{"class":72},[50,142809,4082],{"class":68},[50,142811,142812],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142813,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142815,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142817,366],{"class":151},[50,142819,155],{"class":64},[50,142821,35393],{"class":158},[50,142823,838],{"class":64},[50,142825,142092],{"class":158},[50,142827,155],{"class":64},[50,142829,69],{"class":68},[50,142831,79944],{"class":72},[50,142833,69],{"class":68},[50,142835,78],{"class":64},[50,142837,3181],{"class":111},[50,142839,6075],{"class":64},[50,142841,142842],{"class":4385},"        # True\n",[50,142844,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142872,142874],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142846,366],{"class":151},[50,142848,155],{"class":64},[50,142850,35393],{"class":158},[50,142852,838],{"class":64},[50,142854,142092],{"class":158},[50,142856,155],{"class":64},[50,142858,69],{"class":68},[50,142860,134902],{"class":72},[50,142862,69],{"class":68},[50,142864,78],{"class":64},[50,142866,7073],{"class":111},[50,142868,78],{"class":64},[50,142870,142871],{"class":111}," 13",[50,142873,6075],{"class":64},[50,142875,4386],{"class":4385},[50,142877,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,142879,366],{"class":151},[50,142881,155],{"class":64},[50,142883,35393],{"class":158},[50,142885,838],{"class":64},[50,142887,142092],{"class":158},[50,142889,155],{"class":64},[50,142891,69],{"class":68},[50,142893,134902],{"class":72},[50,142895,69],{"class":68},[50,142897,78],{"class":64},[50,142899,7073],{"class":111},[50,142901,78],{"class":64},[50,142903,31632],{"class":111},[50,142905,6075],{"class":64},[50,142907,5491],{"class":4385},[20,142909,142910,142911,142913],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142912,53338],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[36,142915,142917],{"id":142916},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142919,142920],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142922,142923,142924,50024],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142925,41514],{},[41,142927,142929],{"className":43,"code":142928,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142930,142931,142945,142959,142973,142977,143001,143005,143026,143047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142932,142933,142936,142938,142940,142943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142934,142935],{"class":56},"filename1 ",[50,142937,61],{"class":60},[50,142939,81],{"class":68},[50,142941,142942],{"class":72},"img_101.jpg",[50,142944,4082],{"class":68},[50,142946,142947,142950,142952,142954,142957],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,142948,142949],{"class":56},"filename2 ",[50,142951,61],{"class":60},[50,142953,81],{"class":68},[50,142955,142956],{"class":72},"photo_202.jpg",[50,142958,4082],{"class":68},[50,142960,142961,142964,142966,142968,142971],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,142962,142963],{"class":56},"filename3 ",[50,142965,61],{"class":60},[50,142967,81],{"class":68},[50,142969,142970],{"class":72},"doc_303.jpg",[50,142972,4082],{"class":68},[50,142974,142975],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,142976,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,142978,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,142980,128314],{"class":56},[50,142982,61],{"class":60},[50,142984,419],{"class":64},[50,142986,69],{"class":68},[50,142988,142627],{"class":72},[50,142990,69],{"class":68},[50,142992,78],{"class":64},[50,142994,81],{"class":68},[50,142996,142636],{"class":72},[50,142998,69],{"class":68},[50,143000,186],{"class":64},[50,143002,143003],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,143004,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143006,143007,143009,143011,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,143008,366],{"class":151},[50,143010,155],{"class":64},[50,143012,143013],{"class":158},"filename1",[50,143015,838],{"class":64},[50,143017,142092],{"class":158},[50,143019,155],{"class":64},[50,143021,128366],{"class":158},[50,143023,6075],{"class":64},[50,143025,4386],{"class":4385},[50,143027,143028,143030,143032,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,143029,366],{"class":151},[50,143031,155],{"class":64},[50,143033,143034],{"class":158},"filename2",[50,143036,838],{"class":64},[50,143038,142092],{"class":158},[50,143040,155],{"class":64},[50,143042,128366],{"class":158},[50,143044,6075],{"class":64},[50,143046,4386],{"class":4385},[50,143048,143049,143051,143053,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,143050,366],{"class":151},[50,143052,155],{"class":64},[50,143054,143055],{"class":158},"filename3",[50,143057,838],{"class":64},[50,143059,142092],{"class":158},[50,143061,155],{"class":64},[50,143063,128366],{"class":158},[50,143065,6075],{"class":64},[50,143067,5491],{"class":4385},[20,143069,143070],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,143072,75445,143073,143077],{},[335,143074,127019,143075,11442],{"href":130612},[15,143076,127077],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[36,143079,124666],{"id":124665},[20,143081,143082,124477],{},[15,143083,128387],{},[20,143085,128064,143086,827,143089,128071],{},[15,143087,143088],{},"\"Python\"",[15,143090,143091],{},"\"python\"",[41,143093,143095],{"className":43,"code":143094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,143096,143097,143109,143113,143137],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143098,143099,143101,143103,143105,143107],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143100,35372],{"class":56},[50,143102,61],{"class":60},[50,143104,81],{"class":68},[50,143106,8010],{"class":72},[50,143108,4082],{"class":68},[50,143110,143111],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143112,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143114,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143116,366],{"class":151},[50,143118,155],{"class":64},[50,143120,35393],{"class":158},[50,143122,838],{"class":64},[50,143124,142092],{"class":158},[50,143126,155],{"class":64},[50,143128,69],{"class":68},[50,143130,142203],{"class":72},[50,143132,69],{"class":68},[50,143134,6075],{"class":64},[50,143136,4386],{"class":4385},[50,143138,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,143140,366],{"class":151},[50,143142,155],{"class":64},[50,143144,35393],{"class":158},[50,143146,838],{"class":64},[50,143148,142092],{"class":158},[50,143150,155],{"class":64},[50,143152,69],{"class":68},[50,143154,129464],{"class":72},[50,143156,69],{"class":68},[50,143158,6075],{"class":64},[50,143160,5491],{"class":4385},[20,143162,128156,143163,838],{},[335,143164,143165],{"href":124746},[15,143166,124749],{},[41,143168,143170],{"className":43,"code":143169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,143171,143172,143184,143188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143173,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143175,35372],{"class":56},[50,143177,61],{"class":60},[50,143179,81],{"class":68},[50,143181,8010],{"class":72},[50,143183,4082],{"class":68},[50,143185,143186],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143187,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143189,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143191,366],{"class":151},[50,143193,155],{"class":64},[50,143195,35393],{"class":158},[50,143197,838],{"class":64},[50,143199,9351],{"class":158},[50,143201,9348],{"class":64},[50,143203,142092],{"class":158},[50,143205,155],{"class":64},[50,143207,69],{"class":68},[50,143209,129464],{"class":72},[50,143211,69],{"class":68},[50,143213,6075],{"class":64},[50,143215,4386],{"class":4385},[36,143217,5681,143219],{"id":143218},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143220,128387],{},[20,143222,143223,143225],{},[15,143224,128387],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143227,10075],{},[233,143229,143230,143233,143236,143245],{},[236,143231,143232],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[236,143234,143235],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[236,143237,143238,143239,3602,143242],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143240,143241],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143243,143244],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[236,143246,143247],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143249,2931],{},[41,143251,143253],{"className":43,"code":143252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143254,143255,143268,143272,143301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143256,143257,143259,143261,143263,143266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143258,127882],{"class":56},[50,143260,61],{"class":60},[50,143262,81],{"class":68},[50,143264,143265],{"class":72},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[50,143267,4082],{"class":68},[50,143269,143270],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143271,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143273,143274,143276,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293,143295,143297,143299],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143275,7711],{"class":137},[50,143277,143278],{"class":56}," url",[50,143280,838],{"class":64},[50,143282,142092],{"class":158},[50,143284,6225],{"class":64},[50,143286,69],{"class":68},[50,143288,143241],{"class":72},[50,143290,69],{"class":68},[50,143292,78],{"class":64},[50,143294,81],{"class":68},[50,143296,143244],{"class":72},[50,143298,69],{"class":68},[50,143300,70240],{"class":64},[50,143302,143303,143305,143307,143309,143312,143314],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,143304,173],{"class":151},[50,143306,155],{"class":64},[50,143308,69],{"class":68},[50,143310,143311],{"class":72},"This looks like a web URL.",[50,143313,69],{"class":68},[50,143315,186],{"class":64},[36,143317,3553],{"id":3552},[20,143319,23788,143320,838],{},[15,143321,128387],{},[1112,143323,139456],{"id":143324},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143326,143327,124477],{},[15,143328,128387],{},[41,143330,143332],{"className":43,"code":143331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143333,143334,143346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143335,143336,143338,143340,143342,143344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143337,35372],{"class":56},[50,143339,61],{"class":60},[50,143341,81],{"class":68},[50,143343,8010],{"class":72},[50,143345,4082],{"class":68},[50,143347,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143349,366],{"class":151},[50,143351,155],{"class":64},[50,143353,35393],{"class":158},[50,143355,838],{"class":64},[50,143357,142092],{"class":158},[50,143359,155],{"class":64},[50,143361,69],{"class":68},[50,143363,45],{"class":72},[50,143365,69],{"class":68},[50,143367,6075],{"class":64},[50,143369,5491],{"class":4385},[20,143371,39938],{},[41,143373,143375],{"className":43,"code":143374,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143376,143377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143378,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401,143403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143380,366],{"class":151},[50,143382,155],{"class":64},[50,143384,35393],{"class":158},[50,143386,838],{"class":64},[50,143388,9351],{"class":158},[50,143390,9348],{"class":64},[50,143392,142092],{"class":158},[50,143394,155],{"class":64},[50,143396,69],{"class":68},[50,143398,45],{"class":72},[50,143400,69],{"class":68},[50,143402,6075],{"class":64},[50,143404,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,143406,30339,143408,137938],{"id":143407},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143409,128387],{},[20,143411,143412],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[41,143414,143416],{"className":43,"code":143415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143417,143418,143426,143430,143435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143419,143420,143422,143424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143421,3171],{"class":56},[50,143423,61],{"class":60},[50,143425,125701],{"class":111},[50,143427,143428],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143429,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143431,143432],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143433,143434],{"class":4385},"# This will cause an error:\n",[50,143436,143437],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,143438,143439],{"class":4385},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143441,39938],{},[41,143443,143445],{"className":43,"code":143444,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143446,143447,143461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143448,143449,143451,143453,143455,143457,143459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143450,3171],{"class":56},[50,143452,61],{"class":60},[50,143454,49580],{"class":371},[50,143456,155],{"class":64},[50,143458,50922],{"class":111},[50,143460,186],{"class":64},[50,143462,143463,143465,143467,143469,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143464,366],{"class":151},[50,143466,155],{"class":64},[50,143468,3197],{"class":158},[50,143470,838],{"class":64},[50,143472,142092],{"class":158},[50,143474,155],{"class":64},[50,143476,69],{"class":68},[50,143478,309],{"class":72},[50,143480,69],{"class":68},[50,143482,6075],{"class":64},[50,143484,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,143486,37881,143488,9416,143490],{"id":143487},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143489,128387],{},[15,143491,148],{},[20,143493,143494,143496],{},[15,143495,128387],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143498,143499,143500,143502,143503,838],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143501,148],{}," or methods like ",[335,143504,143505],{"href":125029},[15,143506,125014],{},[41,143508,143510],{"className":43,"code":143509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143511,143512,143524,143528,143552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143513,143514,143516,143518,143520,143522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143515,35372],{"class":56},[50,143517,61],{"class":60},[50,143519,81],{"class":68},[50,143521,61085],{"class":72},[50,143523,4082],{"class":68},[50,143525,143526],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143527,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143529,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143531,366],{"class":151},[50,143533,155],{"class":64},[50,143535,35393],{"class":158},[50,143537,838],{"class":64},[50,143539,142092],{"class":158},[50,143541,155],{"class":64},[50,143543,69],{"class":68},[50,143545,61270],{"class":72},[50,143547,69],{"class":68},[50,143549,6075],{"class":64},[50,143551,5491],{"class":4385},[50,143553,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,143555,366],{"class":151},[50,143557,155],{"class":64},[50,143559,69],{"class":68},[50,143561,61270],{"class":72},[50,143563,69],{"class":68},[50,143565,21872],{"class":137},[50,143567,43518],{"class":158},[50,143569,4382],{"class":64},[50,143571,143572],{"class":4385},"           # True\n",[20,143574,136490,143575,838],{},[335,143576,128055],{"href":124274},[1112,143578,5424,143580,827,143582,143584],{"id":143579},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143581,36750],{},[15,143583,53338],{}," use index positions",[20,143586,143587,143588,838],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143589,2842],{},[41,143591,143593],{"className":43,"code":143592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143594,143595,143608,143612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143596,143597,143599,143601,143603,143606],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143598,35372],{"class":56},[50,143600,61],{"class":60},[50,143602,81],{"class":68},[50,143604,143605],{"class":72},"abcdef",[50,143607,4082],{"class":68},[50,143609,143610],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143611,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,143613,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628,143631,143633,143635,143637,143639],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143615,366],{"class":151},[50,143617,155],{"class":64},[50,143619,35393],{"class":158},[50,143621,838],{"class":64},[50,143623,142092],{"class":158},[50,143625,155],{"class":64},[50,143627,69],{"class":68},[50,143629,143630],{"class":72},"cd",[50,143632,69],{"class":68},[50,143634,78],{"class":64},[50,143636,314],{"class":111},[50,143638,6075],{"class":64},[50,143640,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,143642,143644],{"id":143643},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143646,143647],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143649,17344],{},[41,143651,143653],{"className":43,"code":143652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143654,143655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143656,143657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143658,143652],{"class":4385},[20,143660,17356],{},[41,143662,143664],{"className":43,"code":143663,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143665,143666,143678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143667,143668,143670,143672,143674,143676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143669,35372],{"class":56},[50,143671,61],{"class":60},[50,143673,81],{"class":68},[50,143675,8010],{"class":72},[50,143677,4082],{"class":68},[50,143679,143680,143682,143684,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143705,143707,143709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143681,366],{"class":151},[50,143683,155],{"class":64},[50,143685,35393],{"class":158},[50,143687,838],{"class":64},[50,143689,142092],{"class":158},[50,143691,6225],{"class":64},[50,143693,69],{"class":68},[50,143695,142203],{"class":72},[50,143697,69],{"class":68},[50,143699,78],{"class":64},[50,143701,81],{"class":68},[50,143703,143704],{"class":72},"Ja",[50,143706,69],{"class":68},[50,143708,51768],{"class":64},[50,143710,4386],{"class":4385},[20,143712,32770],{},[41,143714,143716],{"className":43,"code":143715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143717,143718,143728,143742,143764,143790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143719,143720,143722,143724,143726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143721,366],{"class":151},[50,143723,155],{"class":64},[50,143725,35393],{"class":158},[50,143727,186],{"class":64},[50,143729,143730,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,143731,366],{"class":151},[50,143733,155],{"class":64},[50,143735,3945],{"class":371},[50,143737,155],{"class":64},[50,143739,35393],{"class":158},[50,143741,1077],{"class":64},[50,143743,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,143745,366],{"class":151},[50,143747,155],{"class":64},[50,143749,35393],{"class":158},[50,143751,838],{"class":64},[50,143753,142092],{"class":158},[50,143755,155],{"class":64},[50,143757,69],{"class":68},[50,143759,142203],{"class":72},[50,143761,69],{"class":68},[50,143763,1077],{"class":64},[50,143765,143766,143768,143770,143772,143774,143776,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,143767,366],{"class":151},[50,143769,155],{"class":64},[50,143771,35393],{"class":158},[50,143773,838],{"class":64},[50,143775,9351],{"class":158},[50,143777,9348],{"class":64},[50,143779,142092],{"class":158},[50,143781,155],{"class":64},[50,143783,69],{"class":68},[50,143785,129464],{"class":72},[50,143787,69],{"class":68},[50,143789,1077],{"class":64},[50,143791,143792,143794,143796,143798,143800,143802,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814,143816,143818],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,143793,366],{"class":151},[50,143795,155],{"class":64},[50,143797,35393],{"class":158},[50,143799,838],{"class":64},[50,143801,142092],{"class":158},[50,143803,6225],{"class":64},[50,143805,69],{"class":68},[50,143807,142203],{"class":72},[50,143809,69],{"class":68},[50,143811,78],{"class":64},[50,143813,81],{"class":68},[50,143815,143704],{"class":72},[50,143817,69],{"class":68},[50,143819,389],{"class":64},[36,143821,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,143823,2569,143825,128865],{"id":143824},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143826,128387],{},[20,143828,143829,143830,3602,143832,838],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143831,4326],{},[15,143833,4396],{},[1112,143835,5883,143837,143839],{"id":143836},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143838,128387],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143841,143842],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[41,143844,143846],{"className":43,"code":143845,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143847,143848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143849,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143851,35393],{"class":56},[50,143853,838],{"class":64},[50,143855,142092],{"class":158},[50,143857,6225],{"class":64},[50,143859,69],{"class":68},[50,143861,335],{"class":72},[50,143863,69],{"class":68},[50,143865,78],{"class":64},[50,143867,81],{"class":68},[50,143869,344],{"class":72},[50,143871,69],{"class":68},[50,143873,1077],{"class":64},[1112,143875,15605,143877,125355],{"id":143876},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143878,128387],{},[20,143880,130547],{},[1112,143882,5893,143884,827,143886,2582],{"id":143883},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143885,128387],{},[15,143887,148],{},[20,143889,143890,143892,143893,143895],{},[15,143891,128387],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143894,148],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1112,143897,29019,143899,827,143901,9416,143903,2582],{"id":143898},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143900,36750],{},[15,143902,53338],{},[15,143904,128387],{},[20,143906,143907],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[36,143909,2610],{"id":2609},[233,143911,143912,143918,143924,143930,143934],{},[236,143913,143914],{},[335,143915,127019,143916,11442],{"href":130612},[15,143917,127077],{},[236,143919,143920],{},[335,143921,127019,143922,11442],{"href":125029},[15,143923,125014],{},[236,143925,143926],{},[335,143927,127019,143928,11442],{"href":124746},[15,143929,124749],{},[236,143931,143932],{},[335,143933,125418],{"href":124274},[236,143935,143936],{},[335,143937,125774],{"href":51652},[2640,143939,143940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":142417,"depth":101,"text":142418,"children":143947},[143948,143949,143950,143951],{"id":142255,"depth":127,"text":142255},{"id":36750,"depth":127,"text":36750},{"id":53338,"depth":127,"text":53338},{"id":142584,"depth":127,"text":142585},{"id":18116,"depth":101,"text":18117},{"id":142762,"depth":101,"text":143954},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142916,"depth":101,"text":142917},{"id":124665,"depth":101,"text":124666},{"id":143218,"depth":101,"text":143958},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":143960},[143961,143962,143964,143966,143968],{"id":143324,"depth":127,"text":139456},{"id":143407,"depth":127,"text":143963},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143487,"depth":127,"text":143965},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143579,"depth":127,"text":143967},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143643,"depth":127,"text":143644},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":143970},[143971,143973,143975,143977,143979],{"id":143824,"depth":127,"text":143972},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143836,"depth":127,"text":143974},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143876,"depth":127,"text":143976},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143883,"depth":127,"text":143978},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143898,"depth":127,"text":143980},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":142038,"description":143982},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143989,"title":143990,"body":143991,"description":145445,"extension":2687,"meta":145446,"navigation":130,"path":145447,"seo":145448,"stem":145449,"__hash__":145450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143992,"toc":145415},[143993,143998,144003,144006,144008,144052,144054,144062,144067,144072,144077,144079,144097,144099,144145,144147,144161,144170,144174,144176,144178,144190,144195,144198,144230,144232,144241,144246,144249,144290,144292,144300,144302,144315,144321,144325,144328,144344,144346,144395,144397,144406,144409,144468,144470,144479,144486,144489,144542,144544,144568,144575,144581,144585,144591,144594,144605,144607,144647,144649,144657,144659,144699,144701,144710,144712,144730,144733,144740,144751,144754,144771,144773,144850,144852,144883,144886,144888,144891,144917,144919,144959,144961,144970,144980,144988,144996,145001,145006,145008,145022,145024,145075,145077,145086,145096,145098,145100,145122,145125,145204,145206,145242,145245,145320,145325,145327,145333,145338,145343,145346,145352,145355,145362,145370,145374,145382,145384,145412],[10,143994,124019,143996,12024],{"id":143995},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143997,42329],{},[20,143999,33004,144000,144002],{},[15,144001,42329],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,144004,144005],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[36,144007,4331],{"id":4330},[41,144009,144011],{"className":43,"code":144010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,144012,144013,144026,144041],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144014,144015,144017,144019,144021,144024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144016,35372],{"class":56},[50,144018,61],{"class":60},[50,144020,81],{"class":68},[50,144022,144023],{"class":72},"  hello  ",[50,144025,4082],{"class":68},[50,144027,144028,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144029,144030],{"class":56},"clean_text ",[50,144032,61],{"class":60},[50,144034,43518],{"class":56},[50,144036,838],{"class":64},[50,144038,9345],{"class":158},[50,144040,9354],{"class":64},[50,144042,144043,144045,144047,144050],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144044,366],{"class":151},[50,144046,155],{"class":64},[50,144048,144049],{"class":158},"clean_text",[50,144051,186],{"class":64},[20,144053,189],{},[41,144055,144056],{"className":43,"code":139331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,144057,144058],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144059,144060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144061,139331],{"class":56},[20,144063,221,144064,144066],{},[15,144065,42329],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[36,144068,228,144070,231],{"id":144069},"what-strip-does",[15,144071,42329],{},[20,144073,144074,144076],{},[15,144075,42329],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,144078,13755],{},[233,144080,144081,144085,144088,144091,144094],{},[236,144082,144083,132367],{},[15,144084,42329],{},[236,144086,144087],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[236,144089,144090],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[236,144092,144093],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[236,144095,144096],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,144098,2931],{},[41,144100,144102],{"className":43,"code":144101,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,144103,144104,144117,144121,144135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144107,35372],{"class":56},[50,144109,61],{"class":60},[50,144111,81],{"class":68},[50,144113,144114],{"class":72},"  hello world  ",[50,144116,4082],{"class":68},[50,144118,144119],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144120,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,144122,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144124,366],{"class":151},[50,144126,155],{"class":64},[50,144128,35393],{"class":158},[50,144130,838],{"class":64},[50,144132,9345],{"class":158},[50,144134,7908],{"class":64},[50,144136,144137,144139,144141,144143],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,144138,366],{"class":151},[50,144140,155],{"class":64},[50,144142,35393],{"class":158},[50,144144,186],{"class":64},[20,144146,189],{},[41,144148,144150],{"className":43,"code":144149,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,144151,144152,144156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144153,144154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144155,135032],{"class":56},[50,144157,144158],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144159,144160],{"class":56},"  hello world\n",[20,144162,144163,144164,144166,144167,144169],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,144165,42329],{},", but the original ",[15,144168,35393],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,144171,125771,144172,838],{},[335,144173,125774],{"href":51652},[36,144175,256],{"id":255},[20,144177,27178],{},[233,144179,144180,144185],{},[236,144181,144182],{},[15,144183,144184],{},"string.strip()",[236,144186,144187],{},[15,144188,144189],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1112,144191,144193],{"id":144192},"stringstrip",[15,144194,144184],{},[20,144196,144197],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[41,144199,144201],{"className":43,"code":144200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,144202,144203,144216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144204,144205,144207,144209,144211,144214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144206,8589],{"class":56},[50,144208,61],{"class":60},[50,144210,81],{"class":68},[50,144212,144213],{"class":72},"  Alice  ",[50,144215,4082],{"class":68},[50,144217,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144219,366],{"class":151},[50,144221,155],{"class":64},[50,144223,178],{"class":158},[50,144225,838],{"class":64},[50,144227,9345],{"class":158},[50,144229,7908],{"class":64},[20,144231,189],{},[41,144233,144235],{"className":43,"code":144234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Alice\n",[15,144236,144237],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144238,144239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144240,144234],{"class":56},[1112,144242,144244],{"id":144243},"stringstripchars",[15,144245,144189],{},[20,144247,144248],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[41,144250,144252],{"className":43,"code":144251,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144253,144254,144267],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144255,144256,144258,144260,144262,144265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144257,35372],{"class":56},[50,144259,61],{"class":60},[50,144261,81],{"class":68},[50,144263,144264],{"class":72},"!!hello??",[50,144266,4082],{"class":68},[50,144268,144269,144271,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144286,144288],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144270,366],{"class":151},[50,144272,155],{"class":64},[50,144274,35393],{"class":158},[50,144276,838],{"class":64},[50,144278,9345],{"class":158},[50,144280,155],{"class":64},[50,144282,69],{"class":68},[50,144284,144285],{"class":72},"!?",[50,144287,69],{"class":68},[50,144289,1077],{"class":64},[20,144291,189],{},[41,144293,144294],{"className":43,"code":139331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,144295,144296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144297,144298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144299,139331],{"class":56},[20,144301,84489],{},[233,144303,144304,144309],{},[236,144305,144306,144308],{},[15,144307,135275],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[236,144310,144311,144312,144314],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144313,135275],{}," does not matter",[36,144316,144318,144319],{"id":144317},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144320,42329],{},[20,144322,31574,144323,838],{},[15,144324,42329],{},[20,144326,144327],{},"It is useful for:",[233,144329,144330,144335,144338,144341],{},[236,144331,144332,144333,1375],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144334,3681],{},[236,144336,144337],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[236,144339,144340],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[236,144342,144343],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144345,49037],{},[41,144347,144349],{"className":43,"code":144348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144350,144351,144364,144380,144384],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359,144362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144354,8674],{"class":56},[50,144356,61],{"class":60},[50,144358,81],{"class":68},[50,144360,144361],{"class":72},"  sam  ",[50,144363,4082],{"class":68},[50,144365,144366,144369,144371,144374,144376,144378],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144367,144368],{"class":56},"clean_username ",[50,144370,61],{"class":60},[50,144372,144373],{"class":56}," username",[50,144375,838],{"class":64},[50,144377,9345],{"class":158},[50,144379,9354],{"class":64},[50,144381,144382],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144383,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,144385,144386,144388,144390,144393],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,144387,366],{"class":151},[50,144389,155],{"class":64},[50,144391,144392],{"class":158},"clean_username",[50,144394,186],{"class":64},[20,144396,189],{},[41,144398,144400],{"className":43,"code":144399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sam\n",[15,144401,144402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144403,144404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144405,144399],{"class":56},[20,144407,144408],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[41,144410,144412],{"className":43,"code":144411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144413,144414,144427,144431,144453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422,144425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144417,137259],{"class":56},[50,144419,61],{"class":60},[50,144421,81],{"class":68},[50,144423,144424],{"class":72}," yes  ",[50,144426,4082],{"class":68},[50,144428,144429],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144430,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,144432,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144434,7711],{"class":137},[50,144436,137279],{"class":56},[50,144438,838],{"class":64},[50,144440,9345],{"class":158},[50,144442,8079],{"class":64},[50,144444,7121],{"class":60},[50,144446,81],{"class":68},[50,144448,9369],{"class":72},[50,144450,69],{"class":68},[50,144452,2229],{"class":64},[50,144454,144455,144457,144459,144461,144464,144466],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,144456,173],{"class":151},[50,144458,155],{"class":64},[50,144460,69],{"class":68},[50,144462,144463],{"class":72},"Matched",[50,144465,69],{"class":68},[50,144467,186],{"class":64},[20,144469,189],{},[41,144471,144473],{"className":43,"code":144472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Matched\n",[15,144474,144475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144476,144477],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144478,144472],{"class":56},[20,144480,144481,144482,838],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[335,144483,144485],{"href":144484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144487,144488],{},"Example with file-style text:",[41,144490,144492],{"className":43,"code":144491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144493,144494,144510,144524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144495,144496,144499,144501,144503,144506,144508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144497,144498],{"class":56},"line ",[50,144500,61],{"class":60},[50,144502,81],{"class":68},[50,144504,144505],{"class":72},"Python basics",[50,144507,87820],{"class":35138},[50,144509,4082],{"class":68},[50,144511,144512,144514,144516,144518,144520,144522],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144513,366],{"class":151},[50,144515,155],{"class":64},[50,144517,42455],{"class":151},[50,144519,155],{"class":64},[50,144521,52],{"class":158},[50,144523,1077],{"class":64},[50,144525,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538,144540],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144527,366],{"class":151},[50,144529,155],{"class":64},[50,144531,42455],{"class":151},[50,144533,155],{"class":64},[50,144535,52],{"class":158},[50,144537,838],{"class":64},[50,144539,9345],{"class":158},[50,144541,7003],{"class":64},[20,144543,189],{},[41,144545,144547],{"className":43,"code":144546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144548,144549,144560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144550,144551,144553,144555,144558],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144552,413],{"class":44005},[50,144554,144505],{"class":44009},[50,144556,87820],{"class":144557},"sfi6f",[50,144559,30389],{"class":44005},[50,144561,144562,144564,144566],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144563,413],{"class":44005},[50,144565,144505],{"class":44009},[50,144567,30389],{"class":44005},[20,144569,2447,144570,144572,144573,838],{},[15,144571,123233],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144574,87820],{},[20,144576,144577,144578,838],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[335,144579,144580],{"href":88473},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144582,144584],{"id":144583},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144586,144587,144588,838],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144589,144590],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144592,144593],{},"Python will:",[233,144595,144596,144599,144602],{},[236,144597,144598],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[236,144600,144601],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[236,144603,144604],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144606,2931],{},[41,144608,144610],{"className":43,"code":144609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144611,144612,144625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144613,144614,144616,144618,144620,144623],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144615,35372],{"class":56},[50,144617,61],{"class":60},[50,144619,81],{"class":68},[50,144621,144622],{"class":72},"??hello!!",[50,144624,4082],{"class":68},[50,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639,144641,144643,144645],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144628,366],{"class":151},[50,144630,155],{"class":64},[50,144632,35393],{"class":158},[50,144634,838],{"class":64},[50,144636,9345],{"class":158},[50,144638,155],{"class":64},[50,144640,69],{"class":68},[50,144642,144285],{"class":72},[50,144644,69],{"class":68},[50,144646,1077],{"class":64},[20,144648,189],{},[41,144650,144651],{"className":43,"code":139331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,144652,144653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144654,144655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144656,139331],{"class":56},[20,144658,52757],{},[41,144660,144662],{"className":43,"code":144661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144663,144664,144677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144665,144666,144668,144670,144672,144675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144667,35372],{"class":56},[50,144669,61],{"class":60},[50,144671,81],{"class":68},[50,144673,144674],{"class":72},"abcHelloCba",[50,144676,4082],{"class":68},[50,144678,144679,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689,144691,144693,144695,144697],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144680,366],{"class":151},[50,144682,155],{"class":64},[50,144684,35393],{"class":158},[50,144686,838],{"class":64},[50,144688,9345],{"class":158},[50,144690,155],{"class":64},[50,144692,69],{"class":68},[50,144694,42236],{"class":72},[50,144696,69],{"class":68},[50,144698,1077],{"class":64},[20,144700,189],{},[41,144702,144704],{"className":43,"code":144703,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloC\n",[15,144705,144706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144707,144708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144709,144703],{"class":56},[20,144711,6948],{},[20,144713,144714,14755,144717,144719,144720,144722,144723,2912,144725,2916,144727,144729],{},[15,144715,144716],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[4465,144718,5351],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144721,42236],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144724,335],{},[15,144726,344],{},[15,144728,353],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144731,144732],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144734,144735,144736,7344],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[335,144737,144738],{"href":130599},[15,144739,125190],{},[36,144741,144743,11286,144745,11286,144748],{"id":144742},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144744,42329],{},[15,144746,144747],{},"lstrip()",[15,144749,144750],{},"rstrip()",[20,144752,144753],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[233,144755,144756,144761,144766],{},[236,144757,144758,144760],{},[15,144759,42329],{}," removes from both ends",[236,144762,144763,144765],{},[15,144764,144747],{}," removes from the left side only",[236,144767,144768,144770],{},[15,144769,144750],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144772,2931],{},[41,144774,144776],{"className":43,"code":144775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144777,144778,144790,144794,144812,144831],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144781,35372],{"class":56},[50,144783,61],{"class":60},[50,144785,81],{"class":68},[50,144787,144023],{"class":72},[50,144789,4082],{"class":68},[50,144791,144792],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144793,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,144795,144796,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806,144808,144810],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144797,366],{"class":151},[50,144799,155],{"class":64},[50,144801,42455],{"class":151},[50,144803,155],{"class":64},[50,144805,35393],{"class":158},[50,144807,838],{"class":64},[50,144809,9345],{"class":158},[50,144811,7003],{"class":64},[50,144813,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822,144824,144826,144829],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,144815,366],{"class":151},[50,144817,155],{"class":64},[50,144819,42455],{"class":151},[50,144821,155],{"class":64},[50,144823,35393],{"class":158},[50,144825,838],{"class":64},[50,144827,144828],{"class":158},"lstrip",[50,144830,7003],{"class":64},[50,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839,144841,144843,144845,144848],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,144834,366],{"class":151},[50,144836,155],{"class":64},[50,144838,42455],{"class":151},[50,144840,155],{"class":64},[50,144842,35393],{"class":158},[50,144844,838],{"class":64},[50,144846,144847],{"class":158},"rstrip",[50,144849,7003],{"class":64},[20,144851,189],{},[41,144853,144855],{"className":43,"code":144854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144856,144857,144865,144874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144858,144859,144861,144863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144860,413],{"class":44005},[50,144862,4568],{"class":44009},[50,144864,30389],{"class":44005},[50,144866,144867,144869,144872],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144868,413],{"class":44005},[50,144870,144871],{"class":44009},"hello  ",[50,144873,30389],{"class":44005},[50,144875,144876,144878,144881],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,144877,413],{"class":44005},[50,144879,144880],{"class":44009},"  hello",[50,144882,30389],{"class":44005},[20,144884,144885],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[36,144887,109028],{"id":109027},[20,144889,144890],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[233,144892,144893,144901,144911,144914],{},[236,144894,144895,144897,144898,144900],{},[15,144896,144716],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144899,42205],{}," once",[236,144902,144903,144904,2912,144906,2916,144908,144910],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144905,335],{},[15,144907,344],{},[15,144909,353],{}," from both ends",[236,144912,144913],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[236,144915,144916],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144918,2931],{},[41,144920,144922],{"className":43,"code":144921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144923,144924,144937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144925,144926,144928,144930,144932,144935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144927,127102],{"class":56},[50,144929,61],{"class":60},[50,144931,81],{"class":68},[50,144933,144934],{"class":72},"txt_report.txt",[50,144936,4082],{"class":68},[50,144938,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,144940,366],{"class":151},[50,144942,155],{"class":64},[50,144944,127120],{"class":158},[50,144946,838],{"class":64},[50,144948,9345],{"class":158},[50,144950,155],{"class":64},[50,144952,69],{"class":68},[50,144954,127155],{"class":72},[50,144956,69],{"class":68},[50,144958,1077],{"class":64},[20,144960,189],{},[41,144962,144964],{"className":43,"code":144963,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"_report\n",[15,144965,144966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144967,144968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144969,144963],{"class":56},[20,144971,144972,144973,2912,144975,2916,144977,144979],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144974,838],{},[15,144976,63966],{},[15,144978,2896],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144981,54331,144982,5503,144985,144987],{},[15,144983,144984],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[4465,144986,5351],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144989,144990,144991,144995],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[335,144992,144993],{"href":130599},[15,144994,125190],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[36,144997,5681,144999],{"id":144998},"when-to-use-strip",[15,145000,42329],{},[20,145002,221,145003,145005],{},[15,145004,42329],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,145007,37103],{},[233,145009,145010,145014,145016,145019],{},[236,145011,144332,145012,1375],{},[15,145013,3681],{},[236,145015,144337],{},[236,145017,145018],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[236,145020,145021],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,145023,2931],{},[41,145025,145027],{"className":43,"code":145026,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,145028,145029,145043,145047,145060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145030,145031,145034,145036,145038,145041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145032,145033],{"class":56},"email ",[50,145035,61],{"class":60},[50,145037,81],{"class":68},[50,145039,145040],{"class":72},"  user@example.com  ",[50,145042,4082],{"class":68},[50,145044,145045],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145046,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145048,145049,145051,145054,145056,145058],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145050,7711],{"class":137},[50,145052,145053],{"class":56}," email",[50,145055,838],{"class":64},[50,145057,9345],{"class":158},[50,145059,22294],{"class":64},[50,145061,145062,145064,145066,145068,145071,145073],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145063,173],{"class":151},[50,145065,155],{"class":64},[50,145067,69],{"class":68},[50,145069,145070],{"class":72},"Email was entered",[50,145072,69],{"class":68},[50,145074,186],{"class":64},[20,145076,189],{},[41,145078,145080],{"className":43,"code":145079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Email was entered\n",[15,145081,145082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145083,145084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145085,145079],{"class":56},[20,145087,145088,145089,145091,145092,838],{},"You may also combine ",[15,145090,42329],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[335,145093,145094],{"href":124746},[15,145095,124749],{},[36,145097,3553],{"id":3552},[20,145099,84908],{},[233,145101,145102,145106,145111,145116],{},[236,145103,2120,145104,132237],{},[15,145105,42329],{},[236,145107,2120,145108,145110],{},[15,145109,42329],{}," to remove text from the middle",[236,145112,2447,145113,145115],{},[15,145114,144984],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[236,145117,5424,145118,145121],{},[15,145119,145120],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,145123,145124],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[41,145126,145128],{"className":43,"code":145127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,145129,145130,145144,145148,145158,145172,145186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145131,145132,145134,145136,145138,145140,145142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145133,35372],{"class":56},[50,145135,61],{"class":60},[50,145137,81],{"class":68},[50,145139,144880],{"class":72},[50,145141,87820],{"class":35138},[50,145143,4082],{"class":68},[50,145145,145146],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145147,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145149,145150,145152,145154,145156],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145151,366],{"class":151},[50,145153,155],{"class":64},[50,145155,35393],{"class":158},[50,145157,186],{"class":64},[50,145159,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145161,366],{"class":151},[50,145163,155],{"class":64},[50,145165,42455],{"class":151},[50,145167,155],{"class":64},[50,145169,35393],{"class":158},[50,145171,1077],{"class":64},[50,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182,145184],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,145175,366],{"class":151},[50,145177,155],{"class":64},[50,145179,35393],{"class":158},[50,145181,838],{"class":64},[50,145183,9345],{"class":158},[50,145185,7908],{"class":64},[50,145187,145188,145190,145192,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,145189,366],{"class":151},[50,145191,155],{"class":64},[50,145193,42455],{"class":151},[50,145195,155],{"class":64},[50,145197,35393],{"class":158},[50,145199,838],{"class":64},[50,145201,9345],{"class":158},[50,145203,7003],{"class":64},[20,145205,189],{},[41,145207,145209],{"className":43,"code":145208,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,145210,145211,145216,145220,145230,145234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145212,145213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145214,145215],{"class":56},"  hello\n",[50,145217,145218],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145219,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145221,145222,145224,145226,145228],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145223,413],{"class":44005},[50,145225,144880],{"class":44009},[50,145227,87820],{"class":144557},[50,145229,30389],{"class":44005},[50,145231,145232],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145233,139331],{"class":56},[50,145235,145236,145238,145240],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,145237,413],{"class":44005},[50,145239,4568],{"class":44009},[50,145241,30389],{"class":44005},[20,145243,145244],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[41,145246,145248],{"className":43,"code":145247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145249,145250,145260,145274,145288,145306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145253,366],{"class":151},[50,145255,155],{"class":64},[50,145257,35393],{"class":158},[50,145259,186],{"class":64},[50,145261,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145263,366],{"class":151},[50,145265,155],{"class":64},[50,145267,42455],{"class":151},[50,145269,155],{"class":64},[50,145271,35393],{"class":158},[50,145273,1077],{"class":64},[50,145275,145276,145278,145280,145282,145284,145286],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145277,366],{"class":151},[50,145279,155],{"class":64},[50,145281,35393],{"class":158},[50,145283,838],{"class":64},[50,145285,9345],{"class":158},[50,145287,7908],{"class":64},[50,145289,145290,145292,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145291,366],{"class":151},[50,145293,155],{"class":64},[50,145295,42455],{"class":151},[50,145297,155],{"class":64},[50,145299,35393],{"class":158},[50,145301,838],{"class":64},[50,145303,9345],{"class":158},[50,145305,7003],{"class":64},[50,145307,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316,145318],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,145309,32840],{"class":151},[50,145311,155],{"class":64},[50,145313,4167],{"class":371},[50,145315,838],{"class":64},[50,145317,9345],{"class":25443},[50,145319,186],{"class":64},[20,145321,145322,145324],{},[15,145323,123233],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[36,145326,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,145328,2569,145330,145332],{"id":145329},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145331,42329],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145334,47041,145335,145337],{},[15,145336,42329],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1112,145339,2569,145341,125346],{"id":145340},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145342,42329],{},[20,145344,145345],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1112,145347,2559,145349,145351],{"id":145348},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145350,42329],{}," remove by default?",[20,145353,145354],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1112,145356,34890,145358,34893,145360,2582],{"id":145357},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145359,42329],{},[15,145361,125190],{},[20,145363,145364,145366,145367,145369],{},[15,145365,42329],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145368,125190],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1112,145371,145373],{"id":145372},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145375,2596,145376,145378,145379,145381],{},[15,145377,144747],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145380,144750],{}," for the right side.",[36,145383,2610],{"id":2609},[233,145385,145386,145392,145398,145403,145408],{},[236,145387,145388],{},[335,145389,127019,145390,11442],{"href":124746},[15,145391,124749],{},[236,145393,145394],{},[335,145395,127019,145396,11442],{"href":130599},[15,145397,125190],{},[236,145399,145400],{},[335,145401,145402],{"href":144484},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[236,145404,145405],{},[335,145406,145407],{"href":88473},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[236,145409,145410],{},[335,145411,125774],{"href":51652},[2640,145413,145414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":145416},[145417,145418,145420,145424,145426,145427,145429,145430,145432,145433,145444],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":144069,"depth":101,"text":145419},"What strip() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":145421},[145422,145423],{"id":144192,"depth":127,"text":144184},{"id":144243,"depth":127,"text":144189},{"id":144317,"depth":101,"text":145425},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144583,"depth":101,"text":144584},{"id":144742,"depth":101,"text":145428},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":109027,"depth":101,"text":109028},{"id":144998,"depth":101,"text":145431},"When to use strip()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":145434},[145435,145437,145439,145441,145443],{"id":145329,"depth":127,"text":145436},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145340,"depth":127,"text":145438},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145348,"depth":127,"text":145440},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145357,"depth":127,"text":145442},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145372,"depth":127,"text":145373},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143990,"description":145445},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145452,"title":145453,"body":145454,"description":146634,"extension":2687,"meta":146635,"navigation":130,"path":146636,"seo":146637,"stem":146638,"__hash__":146639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145455,"toc":146604},[145456,145461,145466,145471,145473,145519,145527,145532,145546,145552,145554,145556,145571,145573,145583,145586,145617,145620,145643,145645,145648,145705,145707,145721,145723,145737,145743,145748,145751,145792,145794,145803,145811,145814,145859,145861,145870,145873,145877,145882,145896,145898,145930,145932,145952,145955,145960,145965,145967,145978,145981,146038,146040,146048,146057,146059,146061,146067,146069,146106,146108,146116,146118,146159,146161,146170,146175,146180,146182,146209,146216,146219,146250,146252,146261,146267,146276,146307,146309,146321,146334,146338,146343,146373,146375,146442,146444,146454,146456,146461,146464,146469,146474,146478,146484,146490,146493,146495,146553,146555,146563,146565,146601],[10,145457,124019,145459,12024],{"id":145458},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145460,128896],{},[20,145462,124024,145463,145465],{},[15,145464,128896],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145467,85285,145468,145470],{},[15,145469,128896],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[36,145472,39],{"id":38},[41,145474,145476],{"className":43,"code":145475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145477,145478,145490,145504,145514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145479,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145481,35372],{"class":56},[50,145483,61],{"class":60},[50,145485,81],{"class":68},[50,145487,129737],{"class":72},[50,145489,4082],{"class":68},[50,145491,145492,145494,145496,145498,145500,145502],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145493,2954],{"class":56},[50,145495,61],{"class":60},[50,145497,43518],{"class":56},[50,145499,838],{"class":64},[50,145501,35162],{"class":158},[50,145503,9354],{"class":64},[50,145505,145506,145508,145510,145512],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145507,366],{"class":151},[50,145509,155],{"class":64},[50,145511,2989],{"class":158},[50,145513,186],{"class":64},[50,145515,145516],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145517,145518],{"class":4385},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145520,145521,145523,145524,145526],{},[15,145522,128896],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[4465,145525,5351],{}," change the original string in place.",[36,145528,228,145530,231],{"id":145529},"what-upper-does",[15,145531,128896],{},[233,145533,145534,145539,145542,145544],{},[236,145535,145536,145538],{},[15,145537,128896],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[236,145540,145541],{},"It works on string values only",[236,145543,134265],{},[236,145545,136982],{},[20,145547,125771,145548,3602,145550,838],{},[335,145549,136988],{"href":136987},[335,145551,125774],{"href":51652},[36,145553,256],{"id":255},[20,145555,2882],{},[41,145557,145559],{"className":43,"code":145558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.upper()\n",[15,145560,145561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145562,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145564,61853],{"class":56},[50,145566,838],{"class":64},[50,145568,35162],{"class":158},[50,145570,9354],{"class":64},[20,145572,12161],{},[233,145574,145575,145577,145580],{},[236,145576,98193],{},[236,145578,145579],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[236,145581,145582],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145584,145585],{},"Example with a variable:",[41,145587,145589],{"className":43,"code":145588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145590,145591,145603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145592,145593,145595,145597,145599,145601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145594,8589],{"class":56},[50,145596,61],{"class":60},[50,145598,81],{"class":68},[50,145600,45],{"class":72},[50,145602,4082],{"class":68},[50,145604,145605,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145606,366],{"class":151},[50,145608,155],{"class":64},[50,145610,178],{"class":158},[50,145612,838],{"class":64},[50,145614,35162],{"class":158},[50,145616,7908],{"class":64},[20,145618,145619],{},"Example with a string literal:",[41,145621,145623],{"className":43,"code":145622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145626,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637,145639,145641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145628,366],{"class":151},[50,145630,155],{"class":64},[50,145632,69],{"class":68},[50,145634,4568],{"class":72},[50,145636,69],{"class":68},[50,145638,838],{"class":64},[50,145640,35162],{"class":158},[50,145642,7908],{"class":64},[36,145644,12178],{"id":12177},[20,145646,145647],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[41,145649,145651],{"className":43,"code":145650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145652,145653,145665,145680,145684,145694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145654,145655,145657,145659,145661,145663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145656,6867],{"class":56},[50,145658,61],{"class":60},[50,145660,81],{"class":68},[50,145662,4806],{"class":72},[50,145664,4082],{"class":68},[50,145666,145667,145670,145672,145674,145676,145678],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145668,145669],{"class":56},"uppercase_word ",[50,145671,61],{"class":60},[50,145673,39058],{"class":56},[50,145675,838],{"class":64},[50,145677,35162],{"class":158},[50,145679,9354],{"class":64},[50,145681,145682],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145683,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145685,145686,145688,145690,145692],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145687,366],{"class":151},[50,145689,155],{"class":64},[50,145691,39067],{"class":158},[50,145693,186],{"class":64},[50,145695,145696,145698,145700,145703],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,145697,366],{"class":151},[50,145699,155],{"class":64},[50,145701,145702],{"class":158},"uppercase_word",[50,145704,186],{"class":64},[20,145706,189],{},[41,145708,145710],{"className":43,"code":145709,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145711,145712,145716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145713,145714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145715,71079],{"class":56},[50,145717,145718],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145719,145720],{"class":35138},"BANANA\n",[20,145722,113133],{},[233,145724,145725,145730],{},[236,145726,145727,145729],{},[15,145728,39067],{}," keeps its original value",[236,145731,145732,145734,145735],{},[15,145733,145702],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145736,128896],{},[36,145738,145740,145742],{"id":145739},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145741,128896],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145744,137648,145745,145747],{},[4465,145746,137651],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145749,145750],{},"So this method:",[41,145752,145754],{"className":43,"code":145753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145755,145756,145768,145778,145782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145757,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145759,8589],{"class":56},[50,145761,61],{"class":60},[50,145763,81],{"class":68},[50,145765,18502],{"class":72},[50,145767,4082],{"class":68},[50,145769,145770,145772,145774,145776],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145771,178],{"class":56},[50,145773,838],{"class":64},[50,145775,35162],{"class":158},[50,145777,9354],{"class":64},[50,145779,145780],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145781,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145783,145784,145786,145788,145790],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145785,366],{"class":151},[50,145787,155],{"class":64},[50,145789,178],{"class":158},[50,145791,186],{"class":64},[20,145793,189],{},[41,145795,145797],{"className":43,"code":145796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"alice\n",[15,145798,145799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145800,145801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145802,145796],{"class":56},[20,145804,21676,145805,145807,145808,145810],{},[15,145806,128896],{}," was called, ",[15,145809,178],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145812,145813],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[41,145815,145817],{"className":43,"code":145816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145818,145819,145831,145845,145849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145820,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145822,8589],{"class":56},[50,145824,61],{"class":60},[50,145826,81],{"class":68},[50,145828,18502],{"class":72},[50,145830,4082],{"class":68},[50,145832,145833,145835,145837,145839,145841,145843],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145834,8589],{"class":56},[50,145836,61],{"class":60},[50,145838,140],{"class":56},[50,145840,838],{"class":64},[50,145842,35162],{"class":158},[50,145844,9354],{"class":64},[50,145846,145847],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,145848,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,145850,145851,145853,145855,145857],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,145852,366],{"class":151},[50,145854,155],{"class":64},[50,145856,178],{"class":158},[50,145858,186],{"class":64},[20,145860,189],{},[41,145862,145864],{"className":43,"code":145863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ALICE\n",[15,145865,145866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145867,145868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145869,145863],{"class":35138},[20,145871,145872],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[36,145874,145876],{"id":145875},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145878,145879,145881],{},[15,145880,128896],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[233,145883,145884,145887,145890,145893],{},[236,145885,145886],{},"Numbers stay the same",[236,145888,145889],{},"Spaces stay the same",[236,145891,145892],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[236,145894,145895],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145897,2931],{},[41,145899,145901],{"className":43,"code":145900,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145902,145903,145916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145904,145905,145907,145909,145911,145914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145906,35372],{"class":56},[50,145908,61],{"class":60},[50,145910,81],{"class":68},[50,145912,145913],{"class":72},"Room 7, table #3!",[50,145915,4082],{"class":68},[50,145917,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926,145928],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,145919,366],{"class":151},[50,145921,155],{"class":64},[50,145923,35393],{"class":158},[50,145925,838],{"class":64},[50,145927,35162],{"class":158},[50,145929,7908],{"class":64},[20,145931,189],{},[41,145933,145935],{"className":43,"code":145934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145936,145937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145938,145939,145942,145944,145946,145949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145940,145941],{"class":35138},"ROOM",[50,145943,6706],{"class":111},[50,145945,78],{"class":64},[50,145947,145948],{"class":35138}," TABLE",[50,145950,145951],{"class":4385}," #3!\n",[20,145953,145954],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[36,145956,5681,145958],{"id":145957},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145959,128896],{},[20,145961,145962,145964],{},[15,145963,128896],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145966,49015],{},[233,145968,145969,145972,145975],{},[236,145970,145971],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[236,145973,145974],{},"Format labels or headings",[236,145976,145977],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145979,145980],{},"Example: simple comparison",[41,145982,145984],{"className":43,"code":145983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145985,145986,145998,146002,146024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145987,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145989,137259],{"class":56},[50,145991,61],{"class":60},[50,145993,81],{"class":68},[50,145995,9369],{"class":72},[50,145997,4082],{"class":68},[50,145999,146000],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146001,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146003,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146005,7711],{"class":137},[50,146007,137279],{"class":56},[50,146009,838],{"class":64},[50,146011,35162],{"class":158},[50,146013,8079],{"class":64},[50,146015,7121],{"class":60},[50,146017,81],{"class":68},[50,146019,137266],{"class":72},[50,146021,69],{"class":68},[50,146023,2229],{"class":64},[50,146025,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,146027,173],{"class":151},[50,146029,155],{"class":64},[50,146031,69],{"class":68},[50,146033,144463],{"class":72},[50,146035,69],{"class":68},[50,146037,186],{"class":64},[20,146039,189],{},[41,146041,146042],{"className":43,"code":144472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146043,146044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146045,146046],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146047,144472],{"class":56},[20,146049,146050,146051,2912,146053,2916,146055,838],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,146052,9369],{},[15,146054,138052],{},[15,146056,137266],{},[36,146058,3553],{"id":3552},[1112,146060,96554],{"id":96553},[20,146062,8828,146063,146066],{},[15,146064,146065],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,146068,17344],{},[41,146070,146072],{"className":43,"code":146071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146073,146074,146086,146096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146075,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146077,35372],{"class":56},[50,146079,61],{"class":60},[50,146081,81],{"class":68},[50,146083,4568],{"class":72},[50,146085,4082],{"class":68},[50,146087,146088,146090,146092,146094],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146089,35393],{"class":56},[50,146091,838],{"class":64},[50,146093,35162],{"class":158},[50,146095,9354],{"class":64},[50,146097,146098,146100,146102,146104],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146099,366],{"class":151},[50,146101,155],{"class":64},[50,146103,35393],{"class":158},[50,146105,186],{"class":64},[20,146107,189],{},[41,146109,146110],{"className":43,"code":139331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146111,146112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146113,146114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146115,139331],{"class":56},[20,146117,17356],{},[41,146119,146121],{"className":43,"code":146120,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146122,146123,146135,146149],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146124,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146126,35372],{"class":56},[50,146128,61],{"class":60},[50,146130,81],{"class":68},[50,146132,4568],{"class":72},[50,146134,4082],{"class":68},[50,146136,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146138,35372],{"class":56},[50,146140,61],{"class":60},[50,146142,43518],{"class":56},[50,146144,838],{"class":64},[50,146146,35162],{"class":158},[50,146148,9354],{"class":64},[50,146150,146151,146153,146155,146157],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146152,366],{"class":151},[50,146154,155],{"class":64},[50,146156,35393],{"class":158},[50,146158,186],{"class":64},[20,146160,189],{},[41,146162,146164],{"className":43,"code":146163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO\n",[15,146165,146166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146167,146168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146169,146163],{"class":35138},[1112,146171,19606,146173,137938],{"id":146172},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,146174,128896],{},[20,146176,146177,146179],{},[15,146178,128896],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,146181,2931],{},[41,146183,146185],{"className":43,"code":146184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,146186,146187,146195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146188,146189,146191,146193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146190,2941],{"class":56},[50,146192,61],{"class":60},[50,146194,125701],{"class":111},[50,146196,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146198,366],{"class":151},[50,146200,155],{"class":64},[50,146202,2964],{"class":158},[50,146204,838],{"class":64},[50,146206,35162],{"class":158},[50,146208,7908],{"class":64},[20,146210,40330,146211,146213,146214,34285],{},[15,146212,2911],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146215,128896],{},[20,146217,146218],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[41,146220,146222],{"className":43,"code":146221,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146223,146224,146232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146225,146226,146228,146230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146227,2941],{"class":56},[50,146229,61],{"class":60},[50,146231,125701],{"class":111},[50,146233,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146235,366],{"class":151},[50,146237,155],{"class":64},[50,146239,4167],{"class":371},[50,146241,155],{"class":64},[50,146243,2964],{"class":158},[50,146245,9342],{"class":64},[50,146247,35162],{"class":158},[50,146249,7908],{"class":64},[20,146251,189],{},[41,146253,146255],{"className":43,"code":146254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"123\n",[15,146256,146257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146258,146259],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146260,146254],{"class":111},[1112,146262,37881,146264,146266],{"id":146263},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146265,128896],{}," with title case",[20,146268,146269,146271,146272,146275],{},[15,146270,128896],{}," makes ",[4465,146273,146274],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[41,146277,146279],{"className":43,"code":146278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146280,146281,146293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146282,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146284,35372],{"class":56},[50,146286,61],{"class":60},[50,146288,81],{"class":68},[50,146290,61085],{"class":72},[50,146292,4082],{"class":68},[50,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146296,366],{"class":151},[50,146298,155],{"class":64},[50,146300,35393],{"class":158},[50,146302,838],{"class":64},[50,146304,35162],{"class":158},[50,146306,7908],{"class":64},[20,146308,189],{},[41,146310,146312],{"className":43,"code":146311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146313,146314],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146315,146316,146318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146317,137040],{"class":35138},[50,146319,146320],{"class":35138}," WORLD\n",[20,146322,146323,146324,146328,146329,146333],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[335,146325,146326],{"href":124746},[15,146327,124749],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[335,146330,146331],{"href":130599},[15,146332,125190],{}," changes parts of a string.",[36,146335,146337],{"id":146336},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146339,146340,146341,1408],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146342,128896],{},[233,146344,146345,146352,146359,146366],{},[236,146346,146347,146351],{},[335,146348,146349],{"href":124746},[15,146350,124749],{}," for lowercase text",[236,146353,146354,146358],{},[335,146355,146356],{"href":137586},[15,146357,42329],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[236,146360,146361,146365],{},[335,146362,146363],{"href":130599},[15,146364,125190],{}," for changing parts of a string",[236,146367,146368,827,146370,146372],{},[15,146369,128387],{},[15,146371,127077],{}," for checks",[20,146374,2931],{},[41,146376,146378],{"className":43,"code":146377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146379,146380,146392,146396,146411,146427,146431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146381,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146383,35372],{"class":56},[50,146385,61],{"class":60},[50,146387,81],{"class":68},[50,146389,144114],{"class":72},[50,146391,4082],{"class":68},[50,146393,146394],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146395,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146397,146398,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146399,146400],{"class":56},"cleaned ",[50,146402,61],{"class":60},[50,146404,43518],{"class":56},[50,146406,838],{"class":64},[50,146408,9345],{"class":158},[50,146410,9354],{"class":64},[50,146412,146413,146416,146418,146421,146423,146425],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,146414,146415],{"class":56},"loud ",[50,146417,61],{"class":60},[50,146419,146420],{"class":56}," cleaned",[50,146422,838],{"class":64},[50,146424,35162],{"class":158},[50,146426,9354],{"class":64},[50,146428,146429],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,146430,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146432,146433,146435,146437,146440],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,146434,366],{"class":151},[50,146436,155],{"class":64},[50,146438,146439],{"class":158},"loud",[50,146441,186],{"class":64},[20,146443,189],{},[41,146445,146446],{"className":43,"code":146311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146447,146448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146449,146450,146452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146451,137040],{"class":35138},[50,146453,146320],{"class":35138},[36,146455,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,146457,2569,146459,125346],{"id":146458},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146460,128896],{},[20,146462,146463],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1112,146465,2569,146467,138320],{"id":146466},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146468,128896],{},[20,146470,146471,146472,838],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146473,146065],{},[1112,146475,146477],{"id":146476},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146479,146480,146481,146483],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146482,128896],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1112,146485,29019,146487,146489],{"id":146486},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146488,128896],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146491,146492],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146494,2931],{},[41,146496,146498],{"className":43,"code":146497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146499,146500,146512,146525,146529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146501,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146503,1942],{"class":56},[50,146505,61],{"class":60},[50,146507,81],{"class":68},[50,146509,45],{"class":72},[50,146511,4082],{"class":68},[50,146513,146514,146516,146518,146520,146523],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146515,3304],{"class":56},[50,146517,61],{"class":60},[50,146519,81],{"class":68},[50,146521,146522],{"class":72},"PYTHON",[50,146524,4082],{"class":68},[50,146526,146527],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146528,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146530,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,146532,366],{"class":151},[50,146534,155],{"class":64},[50,146536,335],{"class":158},[50,146538,838],{"class":64},[50,146540,35162],{"class":158},[50,146542,8079],{"class":64},[50,146544,7121],{"class":60},[50,146546,1948],{"class":158},[50,146548,838],{"class":64},[50,146550,35162],{"class":158},[50,146552,7908],{"class":64},[20,146554,189],{},[41,146556,146557],{"className":43,"code":1962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146558,146559],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146560,146561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146562,1962],{"class":1806},[36,146564,2610],{"id":2609},[233,146566,146567,146571,146577,146583,146589,146593,146597],{},[236,146568,146569],{},[335,146570,125774],{"href":51652},[236,146572,146573],{},[335,146574,127019,146575,11442],{"href":124746},[15,146576,124749],{},[236,146578,146579],{},[335,146580,127019,146581,11442],{"href":137586},[15,146582,42329],{},[236,146584,146585],{},[335,146586,127019,146587,11442],{"href":130599},[15,146588,125190],{},[236,146590,146591],{},[335,146592,91350],{"href":90359},[236,146594,146595],{},[335,146596,125418],{"href":124274},[236,146598,146599],{},[335,146600,138406],{"href":136987},[2640,146602,146603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":146605},[146606,146607,146609,146610,146611,146613,146614,146616,146623,146624,146633],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":145529,"depth":101,"text":146608},"What upper() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":145739,"depth":101,"text":146612},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145875,"depth":101,"text":145876},{"id":145957,"depth":101,"text":146615},"When to use upper()",{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":146617},[146618,146619,146621],{"id":96553,"depth":127,"text":96554},{"id":146172,"depth":127,"text":146620},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146263,"depth":127,"text":146622},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146336,"depth":101,"text":146337},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":146625},[146626,146628,146630,146631],{"id":146458,"depth":127,"text":146627},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146466,"depth":127,"text":146629},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146476,"depth":127,"text":146477},{"id":146486,"depth":127,"text":146632},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145453,"description":146634},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146641,"title":146642,"body":146643,"description":148520,"extension":2687,"meta":148521,"navigation":130,"path":148522,"seo":148523,"stem":148524,"__hash__":148525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146644,"toc":148470},[146645,146651,146658,146664,146666,146722,146727,146732,146737,146740,146759,146762,146764,146788,146806,146817,146819,146822,146875,146877,146885,146887,146905,146910,146913,146970,146972,146981,146984,147004,147007,147013,147018,147020,147063,147065,147073,147076,147117,147119,147128,147134,147140,147167,147169,147177,147182,147186,147198,147241,147243,147251,147256,147262,147267,147271,147273,147316,147319,147366,147368,147377,147384,147388,147391,147437,147442,147446,147448,147491,147494,147502,147504,147509,147511,147513,147532,147535,147547,147549,147568,147570,147578,147582,147584,147635,147638,147713,147715,147723,147726,147730,147732,147779,147782,147853,147855,147863,147869,147871,147946,147950,148029,148031,148039,148045,148051,148056,148061,148110,148114,148185,148188,148193,148204,148207,148218,148228,148230,148235,148260,148265,148346,148348,148373,148375,148380,148383,148389,148398,148404,148407,148413,148419,148426,148429,148431,148467],[10,146646,13,146648,18],{"id":146647},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146649,146650],{},"sum()",[20,146652,9835,146653,146655,146656,25457],{},[15,146654,146650],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146657,60677],{},[20,146659,146660,146661,146663],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146662,36750],{}," value and a few important limits.",[36,146665,39],{"id":38},[41,146667,146669],{"className":43,"code":146668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146670,146671,146695,146710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146672,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146674,302],{"class":56},[50,146676,61],{"class":60},[50,146678,65],{"class":64},[50,146680,309],{"class":111},[50,146682,78],{"class":64},[50,146684,314],{"class":111},[50,146686,78],{"class":64},[50,146688,319],{"class":111},[50,146690,78],{"class":64},[50,146692,3181],{"class":111},[50,146694,98],{"class":64},[50,146696,146697,146699,146701,146704,146706,146708],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146698,41858],{"class":56},[50,146700,61],{"class":60},[50,146702,146703],{"class":151}," sum",[50,146705,155],{"class":64},[50,146707,381],{"class":158},[50,146709,186],{"class":64},[50,146711,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146713,366],{"class":151},[50,146715,155],{"class":64},[50,146717,41887],{"class":158},[50,146719,4382],{"class":64},[50,146721,27486],{"class":4385},[20,146723,221,146724,146726],{},[15,146725,146650],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[36,146728,228,146730,231],{"id":146729},"what-sum-does",[15,146731,146650],{},[20,146733,146734,146736],{},[15,146735,146650],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146738,146739],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[233,146741,146742,146745,146748,146753],{},[236,146743,146744],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[236,146746,146747],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[236,146749,146750,146751],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146752,36875],{},[236,146754,146755,146756,146758],{},"Counting ",[15,146757,4326],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146760,146761],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[36,146763,256],{"id":255},[41,146765,146767],{"className":43,"code":146766,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146768,146769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146770,146771,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146772,146773],{"class":151},"sum",[50,146775,155],{"class":64},[50,146777,4442],{"class":158},[50,146779,78],{"class":64},[50,146781,36729],{"class":9886},[50,146783,61],{"class":60},[50,146785,2842],{"class":111},[50,146787,186],{"class":64},[233,146789,146790,146795,146800],{},[236,146791,146792,146794],{},[15,146793,4442],{}," is the group of values to add",[236,146796,146797,146799],{},[15,146798,36750],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[236,146801,146802,146803],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146804,146805],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146807,146808,146809,146812,146813,838],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146810,146811,4442],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[335,146814,146815,25310],{"href":36872},[15,146816,36875],{},[36,146818,12178],{"id":12177},[20,146820,146821],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[41,146823,146825],{"className":43,"code":146824,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146826,146827,146847,146861,146865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146830,302],{"class":56},[50,146832,61],{"class":60},[50,146834,65],{"class":64},[50,146836,2859],{"class":111},[50,146838,78],{"class":64},[50,146840,6717],{"class":111},[50,146842,78],{"class":64},[50,146844,38614],{"class":111},[50,146846,98],{"class":64},[50,146848,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146850,41858],{"class":56},[50,146852,61],{"class":60},[50,146854,146703],{"class":151},[50,146856,155],{"class":64},[50,146858,381],{"class":158},[50,146860,186],{"class":64},[50,146862,146863],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146864,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,146868,366],{"class":151},[50,146870,155],{"class":64},[50,146872,41887],{"class":158},[50,146874,186],{"class":64},[20,146876,189],{},[41,146878,146879],{"className":43,"code":70514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146880,146881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146882,146883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146884,70514],{"class":111},[20,146886,12387],{},[233,146888,146889,146894,146900],{},[236,146890,146891,146893],{},[15,146892,381],{}," contains three integers",[236,146895,146896,146899],{},[15,146897,146898],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[236,146901,146902,146903],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146904,41887],{},[36,146906,37289,146908,9144],{"id":146907},"using-the-start-value",[15,146909,36750],{},[20,146911,146912],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[41,146914,146916],{"className":43,"code":146915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146917,146918,146938,146956,146960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146919,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146921,302],{"class":56},[50,146923,61],{"class":60},[50,146925,65],{"class":64},[50,146927,309],{"class":111},[50,146929,78],{"class":64},[50,146931,314],{"class":111},[50,146933,78],{"class":64},[50,146935,319],{"class":111},[50,146937,98],{"class":64},[50,146939,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,146941,41858],{"class":56},[50,146943,61],{"class":60},[50,146945,146703],{"class":151},[50,146947,155],{"class":64},[50,146949,381],{"class":158},[50,146951,78],{"class":64},[50,146953,6717],{"class":111},[50,146955,186],{"class":64},[50,146957,146958],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,146959,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,146961,146962,146964,146966,146968],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,146963,366],{"class":151},[50,146965,155],{"class":64},[50,146967,41887],{"class":158},[50,146969,186],{"class":64},[20,146971,189],{},[41,146973,146975],{"className":43,"code":146974,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"16\n",[15,146976,146977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146978,146979],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146980,146974],{"class":111},[20,146982,146983],{},"This works like:",[233,146985,146986,146991,146996,147000],{},[236,146987,146988,146989],{},"Start at ",[15,146990,1868],{},[236,146992,146993,146994],{},"Add ",[15,146995,309],{},[236,146997,146993,146998],{},[15,146999,422],{},[236,147001,146993,147002],{},[15,147003,437],{},[20,147005,147006],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[36,147008,228,147010,147012],{"id":147009},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,147011,146650],{}," can work with",[20,147014,147015,147017],{},[15,147016,146650],{}," works with numeric values.",[1112,147019,41102],{"id":41101},[41,147021,147023],{"className":43,"code":147022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147024,147025,147049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147026,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147028,1321],{"class":56},[50,147030,61],{"class":60},[50,147032,65],{"class":64},[50,147034,309],{"class":111},[50,147036,78],{"class":64},[50,147038,314],{"class":111},[50,147040,78],{"class":64},[50,147042,319],{"class":111},[50,147044,78],{"class":64},[50,147046,3181],{"class":111},[50,147048,98],{"class":64},[50,147050,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147052,366],{"class":151},[50,147054,155],{"class":64},[50,147056,146773],{"class":151},[50,147058,155],{"class":64},[50,147060,6072],{"class":158},[50,147062,1077],{"class":64},[20,147064,189],{},[41,147066,147067],{"className":43,"code":3100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147068,147069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147070,147071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147072,3100],{"class":111},[1112,147074,147075],{"id":52723},"Floats",[41,147077,147079],{"className":43,"code":147078,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,147080,147081,147103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147082,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147096,147098,147101],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147084,2021],{"class":56},[50,147086,61],{"class":60},[50,147088,65],{"class":64},[50,147090,41834],{"class":111},[50,147092,78],{"class":64},[50,147094,147095],{"class":111}," 3.75",[50,147097,78],{"class":64},[50,147099,147100],{"class":111}," 1.25",[50,147102,98],{"class":64},[50,147104,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147106,366],{"class":151},[50,147108,155],{"class":64},[50,147110,146773],{"class":151},[50,147112,155],{"class":64},[50,147114,83752],{"class":158},[50,147116,1077],{"class":64},[20,147118,189],{},[41,147120,147122],{"className":43,"code":147121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.5\n",[15,147123,147124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147125,147126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147127,147121],{"class":111},[20,147129,147130,147131,838],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[335,147132,147133],{"href":3143},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1112,147135,147137,147138],{"id":147136},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,147139,36875],{},[41,147141,147143],{"className":43,"code":147142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,147144,147145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147146,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147148,366],{"class":151},[50,147150,155],{"class":64},[50,147152,146773],{"class":151},[50,147154,155],{"class":64},[50,147156,60677],{"class":151},[50,147158,155],{"class":64},[50,147160,309],{"class":111},[50,147162,78],{"class":64},[50,147164,38321],{"class":111},[50,147166,389],{"class":64},[20,147168,189],{},[41,147170,147171],{"className":43,"code":47716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147172,147173],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147174,147175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147176,47716],{"class":111},[20,147178,114223,147179,838],{},[15,147180,147181],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1112,147183,147185],{"id":147184},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,147187,147188,147189,147191,147192,827,147194,147191,147196,838],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,147190,4326],{}," acts like ",[15,147193,309],{},[15,147195,4396],{},[15,147197,2842],{},[41,147199,147201],{"className":43,"code":147200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,147202,147203,147227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147204,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147206,52643],{"class":56},[50,147208,61],{"class":60},[50,147210,65],{"class":64},[50,147212,4326],{"class":1806},[50,147214,78],{"class":64},[50,147216,4627],{"class":1806},[50,147218,78],{"class":64},[50,147220,1807],{"class":1806},[50,147222,78],{"class":64},[50,147224,1807],{"class":1806},[50,147226,98],{"class":64},[50,147228,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147230,366],{"class":151},[50,147232,155],{"class":64},[50,147234,146773],{"class":151},[50,147236,155],{"class":64},[50,147238,52696],{"class":158},[50,147240,1077],{"class":64},[20,147242,189],{},[41,147244,147245],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147246,147247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147248,147249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147250,47292],{"class":111},[20,147252,147253,147254,838],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147255,4326],{},[36,147257,228,147259,147261],{"id":147258},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147260,146650],{}," does not work with",[20,147263,147264,147266],{},[15,147265,146650],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1112,147268,147270],{"id":147269},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147272,3560],{},[41,147274,147276],{"className":43,"code":147275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147277,147278,147302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147279,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147281,4788],{"class":56},[50,147283,61],{"class":60},[50,147285,65],{"class":64},[50,147287,69],{"class":68},[50,147289,4568],{"class":72},[50,147291,69],{"class":68},[50,147293,78],{"class":64},[50,147295,81],{"class":68},[50,147297,61270],{"class":72},[50,147299,69],{"class":68},[50,147301,98],{"class":64},[50,147303,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147305,366],{"class":151},[50,147307,155],{"class":64},[50,147309,146773],{"class":151},[50,147311,155],{"class":64},[50,147313,4832],{"class":158},[50,147315,1077],{"class":64},[20,147317,147318],{},"Use string joining instead:",[41,147320,147322],{"className":43,"code":147321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147323,147324,147348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147325,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147327,4788],{"class":56},[50,147329,61],{"class":60},[50,147331,65],{"class":64},[50,147333,69],{"class":68},[50,147335,4568],{"class":72},[50,147337,69],{"class":68},[50,147339,78],{"class":64},[50,147341,81],{"class":68},[50,147343,61270],{"class":72},[50,147345,69],{"class":68},[50,147347,98],{"class":64},[50,147349,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147351,366],{"class":151},[50,147353,155],{"class":64},[50,147355,6985],{"class":68},[50,147357,838],{"class":64},[50,147359,134176],{"class":158},[50,147361,155],{"class":64},[50,147363,4832],{"class":158},[50,147365,1077],{"class":64},[20,147367,189],{},[41,147369,147371],{"className":43,"code":147370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"helloworld\n",[15,147372,147373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147374,147375],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147376,147370],{"class":56},[20,147378,147379,147380,838],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[335,147381,147382,6497],{"href":42851},[15,147383,48359],{},[1112,147385,147387],{"id":147386},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147389,147390],{},"This also causes an error:",[41,147392,147394],{"className":43,"code":147393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147395,147396,147423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147397,147398,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147399,147400],{"class":56},"lists ",[50,147402,61],{"class":60},[50,147404,56972],{"class":64},[50,147406,309],{"class":111},[50,147408,78],{"class":64},[50,147410,314],{"class":111},[50,147412,2191],{"class":64},[50,147414,65],{"class":64},[50,147416,437],{"class":111},[50,147418,78],{"class":64},[50,147420,3181],{"class":111},[50,147422,53920],{"class":64},[50,147424,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147426,366],{"class":151},[50,147428,155],{"class":64},[50,147430,146773],{"class":151},[50,147432,155],{"class":64},[50,147434,6013],{"class":158},[50,147436,1077],{"class":64},[20,147438,147439,147441],{},[15,147440,146650],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1112,147443,147445],{"id":147444},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147447,6186],{},[41,147449,147451],{"className":43,"code":147450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147452,147453,147477],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147454,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147456,1321],{"class":56},[50,147458,61],{"class":60},[50,147460,65],{"class":64},[50,147462,309],{"class":111},[50,147464,78],{"class":64},[50,147466,314],{"class":111},[50,147468,78],{"class":64},[50,147470,81],{"class":68},[50,147472,437],{"class":72},[50,147474,69],{"class":68},[50,147476,98],{"class":64},[50,147478,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147480,366],{"class":151},[50,147482,155],{"class":64},[50,147484,146773],{"class":151},[50,147486,155],{"class":64},[50,147488,6072],{"class":158},[50,147490,1077],{"class":64},[20,147492,147493],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147495,147496,147497,147499,147500,838],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147498,66623],{},", convert them first. See ",[335,147501,3686],{"href":3685},[36,147503,42180],{"id":42179},[20,147505,147506,147507,838],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147508,146650],{},[1112,147510,7237],{"id":7236},[20,147512,5245],{},[41,147514,147516],{"className":43,"code":147515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147517,147518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147519,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147521,366],{"class":151},[50,147523,155],{"class":64},[50,147525,146773],{"class":151},[50,147527,155],{"class":64},[50,147529,2859],{"class":111},[50,147531,1077],{"class":64},[20,147533,147534],{},"Why it fails:",[233,147536,147537,147542],{},[236,147538,147539,147541],{},[15,147540,2859],{}," is a single integer",[236,147543,147544,147546],{},[15,147545,146650],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147548,7267],{},[41,147550,147552],{"className":43,"code":147551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147553,147554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147555,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147557,366],{"class":151},[50,147559,155],{"class":64},[50,147561,146773],{"class":151},[50,147563,2182],{"class":64},[50,147565,2859],{"class":111},[50,147567,3721],{"class":64},[20,147569,189],{},[41,147571,147572],{"className":43,"code":3670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147573,147574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147575,147576],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147577,3670],{"class":111},[1112,147579,147581],{"id":147580},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147583,5245],{},[41,147585,147587],{"className":43,"code":147586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147588,147589,147621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147590,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147592,1321],{"class":56},[50,147594,61],{"class":60},[50,147596,65],{"class":64},[50,147598,69],{"class":68},[50,147600,309],{"class":72},[50,147602,69],{"class":68},[50,147604,78],{"class":64},[50,147606,81],{"class":68},[50,147608,422],{"class":72},[50,147610,69],{"class":68},[50,147612,78],{"class":64},[50,147614,81],{"class":68},[50,147616,437],{"class":72},[50,147618,69],{"class":68},[50,147620,98],{"class":64},[50,147622,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147624,366],{"class":151},[50,147626,155],{"class":64},[50,147628,146773],{"class":151},[50,147630,155],{"class":64},[50,147632,6072],{"class":158},[50,147634,1077],{"class":64},[20,147636,147637],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[41,147639,147641],{"className":43,"code":147640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147642,147643,147675,147703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147644,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147646,1321],{"class":56},[50,147648,61],{"class":60},[50,147650,65],{"class":64},[50,147652,69],{"class":68},[50,147654,309],{"class":72},[50,147656,69],{"class":68},[50,147658,78],{"class":64},[50,147660,81],{"class":68},[50,147662,422],{"class":72},[50,147664,69],{"class":68},[50,147666,78],{"class":64},[50,147668,81],{"class":68},[50,147670,437],{"class":72},[50,147672,69],{"class":68},[50,147674,98],{"class":64},[50,147676,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147678,41858],{"class":56},[50,147680,61],{"class":60},[50,147682,146703],{"class":151},[50,147684,155],{"class":64},[50,147686,2911],{"class":371},[50,147688,155],{"class":64},[50,147690,2896],{"class":158},[50,147692,4382],{"class":64},[50,147694,4599],{"class":137},[50,147696,4602],{"class":158},[50,147698,148],{"class":137},[50,147700,1375],{"class":158},[50,147702,186],{"class":64},[50,147704,147705,147707,147709,147711],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,147706,366],{"class":151},[50,147708,155],{"class":64},[50,147710,41887],{"class":158},[50,147712,186],{"class":64},[20,147714,189],{},[41,147716,147717],{"className":43,"code":3377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147718,147719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147720,147721],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147722,3377],{"class":111},[20,147724,147725],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1112,147727,147729],{"id":147728},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147731,5245],{},[41,147733,147735],{"className":43,"code":147734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147736,147737,147765],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147738,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147740,1321],{"class":56},[50,147742,61],{"class":60},[50,147744,65],{"class":64},[50,147746,309],{"class":111},[50,147748,78],{"class":64},[50,147750,314],{"class":111},[50,147752,78],{"class":64},[50,147754,81],{"class":68},[50,147756,437],{"class":72},[50,147758,69],{"class":68},[50,147760,78],{"class":64},[50,147762,3181],{"class":111},[50,147764,98],{"class":64},[50,147766,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147768,366],{"class":151},[50,147770,155],{"class":64},[50,147772,146773],{"class":151},[50,147774,155],{"class":64},[50,147776,6072],{"class":158},[50,147778,1077],{"class":64},[20,147780,147781],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[41,147783,147785],{"className":43,"code":147784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147786,147787,147815,147843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147788,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147790,1321],{"class":56},[50,147792,61],{"class":60},[50,147794,65],{"class":64},[50,147796,309],{"class":111},[50,147798,78],{"class":64},[50,147800,314],{"class":111},[50,147802,78],{"class":64},[50,147804,81],{"class":68},[50,147806,437],{"class":72},[50,147808,69],{"class":68},[50,147810,78],{"class":64},[50,147812,3181],{"class":111},[50,147814,98],{"class":64},[50,147816,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147818,41858],{"class":56},[50,147820,61],{"class":60},[50,147822,146703],{"class":151},[50,147824,155],{"class":64},[50,147826,2911],{"class":371},[50,147828,155],{"class":64},[50,147830,2896],{"class":158},[50,147832,4382],{"class":64},[50,147834,4599],{"class":137},[50,147836,4602],{"class":158},[50,147838,148],{"class":137},[50,147840,1375],{"class":158},[50,147842,186],{"class":64},[50,147844,147845,147847,147849,147851],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,147846,366],{"class":151},[50,147848,155],{"class":64},[50,147850,41887],{"class":158},[50,147852,186],{"class":64},[20,147854,189],{},[41,147856,147857],{"className":43,"code":3100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147858,147859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147860,147861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147862,3100],{"class":111},[1112,147864,2447,147866,147868],{"id":147865},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147867,146650],{}," to join text",[20,147870,5245],{},[41,147872,147874],{"className":43,"code":147873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147875,147876,147932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147877,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147879,326],{"class":56},[50,147881,61],{"class":60},[50,147883,65],{"class":64},[50,147885,69],{"class":68},[50,147887,134774],{"class":72},[50,147889,69],{"class":68},[50,147891,78],{"class":64},[50,147893,81],{"class":68},[50,147895,12449],{"class":72},[50,147897,69],{"class":68},[50,147899,78],{"class":64},[50,147901,81],{"class":68},[50,147903,63966],{"class":72},[50,147905,69],{"class":68},[50,147907,78],{"class":64},[50,147909,81],{"class":68},[50,147911,61117],{"class":72},[50,147913,69],{"class":68},[50,147915,78],{"class":64},[50,147917,81],{"class":68},[50,147919,61152],{"class":72},[50,147921,69],{"class":68},[50,147923,78],{"class":64},[50,147925,81],{"class":68},[50,147927,76703],{"class":72},[50,147929,69],{"class":68},[50,147931,98],{"class":64},[50,147933,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,147935,366],{"class":151},[50,147937,155],{"class":64},[50,147939,146773],{"class":151},[50,147941,155],{"class":64},[50,147943,36820],{"class":158},[50,147945,1077],{"class":64},[20,147947,221,147948,61211],{},[15,147949,134099],{},[41,147951,147953],{"className":43,"code":147952,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147954,147955,148011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147956,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147958,326],{"class":56},[50,147960,61],{"class":60},[50,147962,65],{"class":64},[50,147964,69],{"class":68},[50,147966,134774],{"class":72},[50,147968,69],{"class":68},[50,147970,78],{"class":64},[50,147972,81],{"class":68},[50,147974,12449],{"class":72},[50,147976,69],{"class":68},[50,147978,78],{"class":64},[50,147980,81],{"class":68},[50,147982,63966],{"class":72},[50,147984,69],{"class":68},[50,147986,78],{"class":64},[50,147988,81],{"class":68},[50,147990,61117],{"class":72},[50,147992,69],{"class":68},[50,147994,78],{"class":64},[50,147996,81],{"class":68},[50,147998,61152],{"class":72},[50,148000,69],{"class":68},[50,148002,78],{"class":64},[50,148004,81],{"class":68},[50,148006,76703],{"class":72},[50,148008,69],{"class":68},[50,148010,98],{"class":64},[50,148012,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148014,366],{"class":151},[50,148016,155],{"class":64},[50,148018,6985],{"class":68},[50,148020,838],{"class":64},[50,148022,134176],{"class":158},[50,148024,155],{"class":64},[50,148026,36820],{"class":158},[50,148028,1077],{"class":64},[20,148030,189],{},[41,148032,148033],{"className":43,"code":134855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,148034,148035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148036,148037],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148038,134855],{"class":56},[20,148040,148041,148042,838],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[335,148043,148044],{"href":135936},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[36,148046,148048,148050],{"id":148047},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,148049,146650],{}," vs manual loop",[20,148052,148053,148055],{},[15,148054,146650],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1112,148057,2447,148059],{"id":148058},"using-sum",[15,148060,146650],{},[41,148062,148064],{"className":43,"code":148063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,148065,148066,148086,148100],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148067,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148069,302],{"class":56},[50,148071,61],{"class":60},[50,148073,65],{"class":64},[50,148075,1089],{"class":111},[50,148077,78],{"class":64},[50,148079,6706],{"class":111},[50,148081,78],{"class":64},[50,148083,54814],{"class":111},[50,148085,98],{"class":64},[50,148087,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148089,41858],{"class":56},[50,148091,61],{"class":60},[50,148093,146703],{"class":151},[50,148095,155],{"class":64},[50,148097,381],{"class":158},[50,148099,186],{"class":64},[50,148101,148102,148104,148106,148108],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148103,366],{"class":151},[50,148105,155],{"class":64},[50,148107,41887],{"class":158},[50,148109,186],{"class":64},[1112,148111,148113],{"id":148112},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[41,148115,148117],{"className":43,"code":148116,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,148118,148119,148139,148147,148151,148163,148171,148175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148120,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148122,302],{"class":56},[50,148124,61],{"class":60},[50,148126,65],{"class":64},[50,148128,1089],{"class":111},[50,148130,78],{"class":64},[50,148132,6706],{"class":111},[50,148134,78],{"class":64},[50,148136,54814],{"class":111},[50,148138,98],{"class":64},[50,148140,148141,148143,148145],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148142,41858],{"class":56},[50,148144,61],{"class":60},[50,148146,39189],{"class":111},[50,148148,148149],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148150,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,148152,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,148154,33],{"class":137},[50,148156,7100],{"class":56},[50,148158,148],{"class":137},[50,148160,4982],{"class":56},[50,148162,2229],{"class":64},[50,148164,148165,148167,148169],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,148166,90774],{"class":56},[50,148168,90777],{"class":60},[50,148170,90780],{"class":56},[50,148172,148173],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,148174,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,148176,148177,148179,148181,148183],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,148178,366],{"class":151},[50,148180,155],{"class":64},[50,148182,41887],{"class":158},[50,148184,186],{"class":64},[20,148186,148187],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,148189,3213,148190,148192],{},[15,148191,146650],{}," is often better:",[233,148194,148195,148198,148201],{},[236,148196,148197],{},"Shorter code",[236,148199,148200],{},"Easier to read",[236,148202,148203],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,148205,148206],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[233,148208,148209,148212,148215],{},[236,148210,148211],{},"You need to skip some values",[236,148213,148214],{},"You need extra checks",[236,148216,148217],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148219,148220,148221,148224,148225,148227],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[335,148222,148223],{"href":40685},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148226,146650],{}," on the filtered result.",[36,148229,3553],{"id":3552},[20,148231,148232,148233,1408],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148234,146650],{},[233,148236,148237,148243,148250,148257],{},[236,148238,148239,148240],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148241,148242],{},"sum(5)",[236,148244,148245,148246,148249],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148247,148248],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[236,148251,2447,148252,148254,148255],{},[15,148253,146650],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148256,134099],{},[236,148258,148259],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148261,9587,148262,148264],{},[15,148263,146650],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[41,148266,148268],{"className":43,"code":148267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148269,148270,148280,148294,148318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148271,148272,148274,148276,148278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148273,366],{"class":151},[50,148275,155],{"class":64},[50,148277,6072],{"class":158},[50,148279,186],{"class":64},[50,148281,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148283,366],{"class":151},[50,148285,155],{"class":64},[50,148287,3945],{"class":371},[50,148289,155],{"class":64},[50,148291,6072],{"class":158},[50,148293,1077],{"class":64},[50,148295,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148297,366],{"class":151},[50,148299,2182],{"class":64},[50,148301,3945],{"class":371},[50,148303,155],{"class":64},[50,148305,2896],{"class":158},[50,148307,4382],{"class":64},[50,148309,4599],{"class":137},[50,148311,4602],{"class":158},[50,148313,148],{"class":137},[50,148315,1375],{"class":158},[50,148317,2210],{"class":64},[50,148319,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,148321,366],{"class":151},[50,148323,155],{"class":64},[50,148325,146773],{"class":151},[50,148327,2182],{"class":64},[50,148329,2911],{"class":371},[50,148331,155],{"class":64},[50,148333,2896],{"class":158},[50,148335,4382],{"class":64},[50,148337,4599],{"class":137},[50,148339,4602],{"class":158},[50,148341,148],{"class":137},[50,148343,1375],{"class":158},[50,148345,3721],{"class":64},[20,148347,136669],{},[233,148349,148350,148356,148362,148367],{},[236,148351,148352,148355],{},[15,148353,148354],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[236,148357,148358,148361],{},[15,148359,148360],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[236,148363,148364,136691],{},[15,148365,148366],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[236,148368,148369,148372],{},[15,148370,148371],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[36,148374,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,148376,2559,148378,2562],{"id":148377},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148379,146650],{},[20,148381,148382],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1112,148384,5883,148386,148388],{"id":148385},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148387,146650],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148390,30960,148391,3602,148394,148397],{},[15,148392,148393],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148395,148396],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1112,148399,5883,148401,148403],{"id":148400},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148402,146650],{}," work with floats?",[20,148405,148406],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1112,148408,148410,148411,2582],{"id":148409},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148412,146650],{},[20,148414,148415,148416,148418],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148417,36750],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1112,148420,5871,148422,120057,148424,2582],{"id":148421},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148423,146650],{},[15,148425,3727],{},[20,148427,148428],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[36,148430,2610],{"id":2609},[233,148432,148433,148437,148443,148449,148455,148459,148463],{},[236,148434,148435],{},[335,148436,147133],{"href":3143},[236,148438,148439],{},[335,148440,13,148441,2551],{"href":36872},[15,148442,36875],{},[236,148444,148445],{},[335,148446,13,148447,2551],{"href":43034},[15,148448,43037],{},[236,148450,148451],{},[335,148452,13,148453,2551],{"href":42851},[15,148454,48359],{},[236,148456,148457],{},[335,148458,5934],{"href":40685},[236,148460,148461],{},[335,148462,4249],{"href":3685},[236,148464,148465],{},[335,148466,148044],{"href":135936},[2640,148468,148469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":148471},[148472,148473,148475,148476,148477,148479,148487,148493,148500,148506,148507,148519],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":146729,"depth":101,"text":148474},"What sum() does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":146907,"depth":101,"text":148478},"Using the start value",{"id":147009,"depth":101,"text":148480,"children":148481},"What sum() can work with",[148482,148483,148484,148486],{"id":41101,"depth":127,"text":41102},{"id":52723,"depth":127,"text":147075},{"id":147136,"depth":127,"text":148485},"Values from range()",{"id":147184,"depth":127,"text":147185},{"id":147258,"depth":101,"text":148488,"children":148489},"What sum() does not work with",[148490,148491,148492],{"id":147269,"depth":127,"text":147270},{"id":147386,"depth":127,"text":147387},{"id":147444,"depth":127,"text":147445},{"id":42179,"depth":101,"text":42180,"children":148494},[148495,148496,148497,148498],{"id":7236,"depth":127,"text":7237},{"id":147580,"depth":127,"text":147581},{"id":147728,"depth":127,"text":147729},{"id":147865,"depth":127,"text":148499},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":148047,"depth":101,"text":148501,"children":148502},"sum() vs manual loop",[148503,148505],{"id":148058,"depth":127,"text":148504},"Using sum()",{"id":148112,"depth":127,"text":148113},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":148508},[148509,148511,148513,148515,148517],{"id":148377,"depth":127,"text":148510},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148385,"depth":127,"text":148512},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148400,"depth":127,"text":148514},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148409,"depth":127,"text":148516},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148421,"depth":127,"text":148518},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146642,"description":148520},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148527,"title":148528,"body":148529,"description":149931,"extension":2687,"meta":149932,"navigation":130,"path":149933,"seo":149934,"stem":149935,"__hash__":149936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148530,"toc":149899},[148531,148537,148543,148546,148609,148615,148620,148624,148641,148655,148659,148679,148693,148695,148788,148790,148804,148806,148809,148898,148900,148908,148917,148919,148923,148944,148946,149038,149040,149061,149063,149067,149081,149083,149157,149159,149178,149182,149185,149208,149210,149321,149328,149336,149338,149344,149347,149390,149393,149416,149424,149428,149503,149509,149534,149541,149544,149547,149551,149556,149644,149652,149656,149659,149684,149688,149749,149753,149802,149812,149814,149819,149822,149828,149831,149835,149839,149845,149848,149856,149864,149866,149896],[10,148532,148534,148535,12024],{"id":148533},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148536,57968],{},[20,148538,148539,148542],{},[15,148540,148541],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148544,148545],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[41,148547,148549],{"className":43,"code":148548,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148550,148551,148579,148597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148552,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148554,302],{"class":56},[50,148556,61],{"class":60},[50,148558,419],{"class":64},[50,148560,309],{"class":111},[50,148562,78],{"class":64},[50,148564,314],{"class":111},[50,148566,78],{"class":64},[50,148568,314],{"class":111},[50,148570,78],{"class":64},[50,148572,319],{"class":111},[50,148574,78],{"class":64},[50,148576,314],{"class":111},[50,148578,186],{"class":64},[50,148580,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148582,2954],{"class":56},[50,148584,61],{"class":60},[50,148586,4982],{"class":56},[50,148588,838],{"class":64},[50,148590,41935],{"class":158},[50,148592,155],{"class":64},[50,148594,422],{"class":111},[50,148596,186],{"class":64},[50,148598,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148600,366],{"class":151},[50,148602,155],{"class":64},[50,148604,2989],{"class":158},[50,148606,4382],{"class":64},[50,148608,51447],{"class":4385},[20,148610,221,148611,148614],{},[15,148612,148613],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[36,148616,228,148618,231],{"id":148617},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148619,148541],{},[20,148621,148622,1408],{},[15,148623,148613],{},[233,148625,148626,148632,148635,148638],{},[236,148627,148628,148629,148631],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148630,3197],{}," appears in the tuple",[236,148633,148634],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[236,148636,148637],{},"Returns an integer",[236,148639,148640],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148642,148643,148644,148646,148647,3602,148651,838],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148645,57968],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[335,148648,148650],{"href":148649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[335,148652,148654],{"href":148653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[36,148656,148658],{"id":148657},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[41,148660,148662],{"className":43,"code":148661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148663,148664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148665,148666,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148667,148668],{"class":56},"my_tuple",[50,148670,838],{"class":64},[50,148672,41935],{"class":158},[50,148674,155],{"class":64},[50,148676,3197],{"class":158},[50,148678,186],{"class":64},[233,148680,148681,148685,148688],{},[236,148682,148683,58133],{},[15,148684,3197],{},[236,148686,148687],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[236,148689,148690,148691],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148692,2842],{},[1112,148694,103773],{"id":103772},[41,148696,148698],{"className":43,"code":148697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148699,148700,148740,148764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148701,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148703,13779],{"class":56},[50,148705,61],{"class":60},[50,148707,419],{"class":64},[50,148709,69],{"class":68},[50,148711,13796],{"class":72},[50,148713,69],{"class":68},[50,148715,78],{"class":64},[50,148717,81],{"class":68},[50,148719,13813],{"class":72},[50,148721,69],{"class":68},[50,148723,78],{"class":64},[50,148725,81],{"class":68},[50,148727,13796],{"class":72},[50,148729,69],{"class":68},[50,148731,78],{"class":64},[50,148733,81],{"class":68},[50,148735,18154],{"class":72},[50,148737,69],{"class":68},[50,148739,186],{"class":64},[50,148741,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148743,366],{"class":151},[50,148745,155],{"class":64},[50,148747,18201],{"class":158},[50,148749,838],{"class":64},[50,148751,41935],{"class":158},[50,148753,155],{"class":64},[50,148755,69],{"class":68},[50,148757,13796],{"class":72},[50,148759,69],{"class":68},[50,148761,6075],{"class":64},[50,148763,58323],{"class":4385},[50,148765,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148767,366],{"class":151},[50,148769,155],{"class":64},[50,148771,18201],{"class":158},[50,148773,838],{"class":64},[50,148775,41935],{"class":158},[50,148777,155],{"class":64},[50,148779,69],{"class":68},[50,148781,23218],{"class":72},[50,148783,69],{"class":68},[50,148785,6075],{"class":64},[50,148787,51924],{"class":4385},[20,148789,20655],{},[233,148791,148792,148797],{},[236,148793,148794,148796],{},[15,148795,66070],{}," appears 2 times",[236,148798,148799,148801,148802],{},[15,148800,110469],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148803,2842],{},[36,148805,12178],{"id":12177},[20,148807,148808],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[41,148810,148812],{"className":43,"code":148811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148813,148814,148862,148866,148888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148815,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148817,36916],{"class":56},[50,148819,61],{"class":60},[50,148821,419],{"class":64},[50,148823,69],{"class":68},[50,148825,4797],{"class":72},[50,148827,69],{"class":68},[50,148829,78],{"class":64},[50,148831,81],{"class":68},[50,148833,4806],{"class":72},[50,148835,69],{"class":68},[50,148837,78],{"class":64},[50,148839,81],{"class":68},[50,148841,4797],{"class":72},[50,148843,69],{"class":68},[50,148845,78],{"class":64},[50,148847,81],{"class":68},[50,148849,33905],{"class":72},[50,148851,69],{"class":68},[50,148853,78],{"class":64},[50,148855,81],{"class":68},[50,148857,4797],{"class":72},[50,148859,69],{"class":68},[50,148861,186],{"class":64},[50,148863,148864],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148865,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,148867,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148869,2954],{"class":56},[50,148871,61],{"class":60},[50,148873,53529],{"class":56},[50,148875,838],{"class":64},[50,148877,41935],{"class":158},[50,148879,155],{"class":64},[50,148881,69],{"class":68},[50,148883,4797],{"class":72},[50,148885,69],{"class":68},[50,148887,186],{"class":64},[50,148889,148890,148892,148894,148896],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,148891,366],{"class":151},[50,148893,155],{"class":64},[50,148895,2989],{"class":158},[50,148897,186],{"class":64},[20,148899,189],{},[41,148901,148902],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,148903,148904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148905,148906],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148907,47292],{"class":111},[20,148909,148910,148912,148913,3121,148915,838],{},[15,148911,58511],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148914,57968],{},[15,148916,437],{},[36,148918,38698],{"id":38697},[20,148920,58222,148921,129406],{},[15,148922,57968],{},[233,148924,148925,148930,148935,148938],{},[236,148926,12126,148927,148929],{},[15,148928,2842],{}," when the value does not exist",[236,148931,12126,148932,148934],{},[15,148933,309],{}," when the value appears once",[236,148936,148937],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[236,148939,148940,148941,148943],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148942,7711],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148945,2931],{},[41,148947,148949],{"className":43,"code":148948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148950,148951,148992,148996,149023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148952,148953,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148954,148955],{"class":56},"answers ",[50,148957,61],{"class":60},[50,148959,419],{"class":64},[50,148961,69],{"class":68},[50,148963,9369],{"class":72},[50,148965,69],{"class":68},[50,148967,78],{"class":64},[50,148969,81],{"class":68},[50,148971,9308],{"class":72},[50,148973,69],{"class":68},[50,148975,78],{"class":64},[50,148977,81],{"class":68},[50,148979,9369],{"class":72},[50,148981,69],{"class":68},[50,148983,78],{"class":64},[50,148985,81],{"class":68},[50,148987,9369],{"class":72},[50,148989,69],{"class":68},[50,148991,186],{"class":64},[50,148993,148994],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,148995,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,148997,148998,149000,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149021],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,148999,7711],{"class":137},[50,149001,149002],{"class":56}," answers",[50,149004,838],{"class":64},[50,149006,41935],{"class":158},[50,149008,155],{"class":64},[50,149010,69],{"class":68},[50,149012,9369],{"class":72},[50,149014,69],{"class":68},[50,149016,4382],{"class":64},[50,149018,39072],{"class":60},[50,149020,6212],{"class":111},[50,149022,2229],{"class":64},[50,149024,149025,149027,149029,149031,149034,149036],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,149026,173],{"class":151},[50,149028,155],{"class":64},[50,149030,69],{"class":68},[50,149032,149033],{"class":72},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[50,149035,69],{"class":68},[50,149037,186],{"class":64},[20,149039,189],{},[41,149041,149043],{"className":43,"code":149042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,149044,149045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149046,149047,149050,149052,149054,149056,149059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149048,149049],{"class":56},"The answer ",[50,149051,413],{"class":68},[50,149053,9369],{"class":72},[50,149055,413],{"class":68},[50,149057,149058],{"class":56}," appears more than once",[50,149060,123051],{"class":64},[36,149062,1616],{"id":1615},[20,149064,36091,149065,105236],{},[15,149066,148541],{},[233,149068,149069,149072,149075,149078],{},[236,149070,149071],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[236,149073,149074],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[236,149076,149077],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[236,149079,149080],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,149082,2931],{},[41,149084,149086],{"className":43,"code":149085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,149087,149088,149116,149120,149142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149089,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149091,104],{"class":56},[50,149093,61],{"class":60},[50,149095,419],{"class":64},[50,149097,1868],{"class":111},[50,149099,78],{"class":64},[50,149101,1873],{"class":111},[50,149103,78],{"class":64},[50,149105,6717],{"class":111},[50,149107,78],{"class":64},[50,149109,1878],{"class":111},[50,149111,78],{"class":64},[50,149113,6717],{"class":111},[50,149115,186],{"class":64},[50,149117,149118],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149119,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,149121,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149123,7711],{"class":137},[50,149125,164],{"class":56},[50,149127,838],{"class":64},[50,149129,41935],{"class":158},[50,149131,155],{"class":64},[50,149133,1868],{"class":111},[50,149135,4382],{"class":64},[50,149137,51965],{"class":60},[50,149139,314],{"class":111},[50,149141,2229],{"class":64},[50,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149153,149155],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,149145,173],{"class":151},[50,149147,155],{"class":64},[50,149149,69],{"class":68},[50,149151,149152],{"class":72},"The score 10 is repeated.",[50,149154,69],{"class":68},[50,149156,186],{"class":64},[20,149158,189],{},[41,149160,149162],{"className":43,"code":149161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,149163,149164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149165,149166,149169,149171,149173,149176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149167,149168],{"class":56},"The score ",[50,149170,1868],{"class":111},[50,149172,8808],{"class":60},[50,149174,149175],{"class":56}," repeated",[50,149177,123051],{"class":64},[36,149179,149181],{"id":149180},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,149183,149184],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[233,149186,149187,149193,149198,149201],{},[236,149188,149189,149190,149192],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,149191,57968],{}," still works because it only reads data",[236,149194,149195,149197],{},[15,149196,57968],{}," counts exact matches",[236,149199,149200],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[236,149202,149203,827,149205,149207],{},[15,149204,309],{},[15,149206,42834],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,149209,2931],{},[41,149211,149213],{"className":43,"code":149212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,149214,149215,149249,149253,149273,149297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149216,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149230,149232,149234,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149218,1321],{"class":56},[50,149220,61],{"class":60},[50,149222,419],{"class":64},[50,149224,309],{"class":111},[50,149226,78],{"class":64},[50,149228,149229],{"class":111}," 1.0",[50,149231,78],{"class":64},[50,149233,81],{"class":68},[50,149235,149236],{"class":72},"Cat",[50,149238,69],{"class":68},[50,149240,78],{"class":64},[50,149242,81],{"class":68},[50,149244,37724],{"class":72},[50,149246,69],{"class":68},[50,149248,186],{"class":64},[50,149250,149251],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149252,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,149254,149255,149257,149259,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149256,366],{"class":151},[50,149258,155],{"class":64},[50,149260,6072],{"class":158},[50,149262,838],{"class":64},[50,149264,41935],{"class":158},[50,149266,155],{"class":64},[50,149268,309],{"class":111},[50,149270,6075],{"class":64},[50,149272,51771],{"class":4385},[50,149274,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,149276,366],{"class":151},[50,149278,155],{"class":64},[50,149280,6072],{"class":158},[50,149282,838],{"class":64},[50,149284,41935],{"class":158},[50,149286,155],{"class":64},[50,149288,69],{"class":68},[50,149290,149236],{"class":72},[50,149292,69],{"class":68},[50,149294,6075],{"class":64},[50,149296,28470],{"class":4385},[50,149298,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,149300,366],{"class":151},[50,149302,155],{"class":64},[50,149304,6072],{"class":158},[50,149306,838],{"class":64},[50,149308,41935],{"class":158},[50,149310,155],{"class":64},[50,149312,69],{"class":68},[50,149314,37724],{"class":72},[50,149316,69],{"class":68},[50,149318,6075],{"class":64},[50,149320,28470],{"class":4385},[20,149322,5871,149323,5874,149326,2582],{},[15,149324,149325],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149327,422],{},[20,149329,9497,149330,5503,149333,149335],{},[15,149331,149332],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149334,4326],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[36,149337,3553],{"id":3552},[1112,149339,2447,149341,149343],{"id":149340},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149342,41935],{}," without parentheses",[20,149345,149346],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[41,149348,149350],{"className":43,"code":149349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149351,149352,149376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149353,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149355,302],{"class":56},[50,149357,61],{"class":60},[50,149359,419],{"class":64},[50,149361,309],{"class":111},[50,149363,78],{"class":64},[50,149365,314],{"class":111},[50,149367,78],{"class":64},[50,149369,314],{"class":111},[50,149371,78],{"class":64},[50,149373,319],{"class":111},[50,149375,186],{"class":64},[50,149377,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149379,366],{"class":151},[50,149381,155],{"class":64},[50,149383,381],{"class":158},[50,149385,838],{"class":64},[50,149387,41935],{"class":25443},[50,149389,186],{"class":64},[20,149391,149392],{},"To call the method correctly:",[41,149394,149396],{"className":43,"code":149395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149397,149398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149399,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149401,366],{"class":151},[50,149403,155],{"class":64},[50,149405,381],{"class":158},[50,149407,838],{"class":64},[50,149409,41935],{"class":158},[50,149411,155],{"class":64},[50,149413,422],{"class":111},[50,149415,1077],{"class":64},[1112,149417,2120,149418,9166,149420,3602,149422],{"id":59271},[15,149419,57968],{},[15,149421,4326],{},[15,149423,4396],{},[20,149425,149426,59282],{},[15,149427,57968],{},[41,149429,149431],{"className":43,"code":149430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149432,149433,149465,149487,149491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149434,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149436,326],{"class":56},[50,149438,61],{"class":60},[50,149440,419],{"class":64},[50,149442,69],{"class":68},[50,149444,335],{"class":72},[50,149446,69],{"class":68},[50,149448,78],{"class":64},[50,149450,81],{"class":68},[50,149452,344],{"class":72},[50,149454,69],{"class":68},[50,149456,78],{"class":64},[50,149458,81],{"class":68},[50,149460,335],{"class":72},[50,149462,69],{"class":68},[50,149464,186],{"class":64},[50,149466,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149468,2954],{"class":56},[50,149470,61],{"class":60},[50,149472,386],{"class":56},[50,149474,838],{"class":64},[50,149476,41935],{"class":158},[50,149478,155],{"class":64},[50,149480,69],{"class":68},[50,149482,335],{"class":72},[50,149484,69],{"class":68},[50,149486,186],{"class":64},[50,149488,149489],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149490,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,149492,149493,149495,149497,149499,149501],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,149494,366],{"class":151},[50,149496,155],{"class":64},[50,149498,2989],{"class":158},[50,149500,4382],{"class":64},[50,149502,52092],{"class":4385},[20,149504,149505,149506,149508],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149507,148],{}," is often simpler:",[41,149510,149512],{"className":43,"code":149511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149513,149514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149517,366],{"class":151},[50,149519,155],{"class":64},[50,149521,69],{"class":68},[50,149523,335],{"class":72},[50,149525,69],{"class":68},[50,149527,21872],{"class":137},[50,149529,386],{"class":158},[50,149531,4382],{"class":64},[50,149533,4386],{"class":4385},[1112,149535,37881,149537,9416,149539],{"id":149536},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149538,148541],{},[15,149540,57973],{},[20,149542,149543],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149545,149546],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1112,149548,149550],{"id":149549},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149552,149553,149555],{},[15,149554,57968],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[41,149557,149559],{"className":43,"code":149558,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149560,149561,149594,149620],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149562,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149564,4788],{"class":56},[50,149566,61],{"class":60},[50,149568,419],{"class":64},[50,149570,69],{"class":68},[50,149572,4797],{"class":72},[50,149574,69],{"class":68},[50,149576,78],{"class":64},[50,149578,81],{"class":68},[50,149580,149581],{"class":72},"pineapple",[50,149583,69],{"class":68},[50,149585,78],{"class":64},[50,149587,81],{"class":68},[50,149589,4797],{"class":72},[50,149591,69],{"class":68},[50,149593,186],{"class":64},[50,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149613,149615,149617],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149597,366],{"class":151},[50,149599,155],{"class":64},[50,149601,4832],{"class":158},[50,149603,838],{"class":64},[50,149605,41935],{"class":158},[50,149607,155],{"class":64},[50,149609,69],{"class":68},[50,149611,149612],{"class":72},"app",[50,149614,69],{"class":68},[50,149616,6075],{"class":64},[50,149618,149619],{"class":4385},"    # 0\n",[50,149621,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149623,366],{"class":151},[50,149625,155],{"class":64},[50,149627,4832],{"class":158},[50,149629,838],{"class":64},[50,149631,41935],{"class":158},[50,149633,155],{"class":64},[50,149635,69],{"class":68},[50,149637,4797],{"class":72},[50,149639,69],{"class":68},[50,149641,6075],{"class":64},[50,149643,52092],{"class":4385},[20,149645,149646,149649,149650,838],{},[15,149647,149648],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149651,2842],{},[36,149653,149655],{"id":149654},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149657,149658],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[233,149660,149661,149666,149675,149681],{},[236,149662,221,149663,149665],{},[15,149664,148],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[236,149667,221,149668,149674],{},[335,149669,149671,149672],{"href":149670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149673,59646],{}," to find the position of a value",[236,149676,221,149677,149680],{},[15,149678,149679],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[236,149682,149683],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149685,46716,149686,1408],{},[15,149687,148],{},[41,149689,149691],{"className":43,"code":149690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149692,149693,149713,149717,149733],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149696,302],{"class":56},[50,149698,61],{"class":60},[50,149700,419],{"class":64},[50,149702,1089],{"class":111},[50,149704,78],{"class":64},[50,149706,6706],{"class":111},[50,149708,78],{"class":64},[50,149710,54814],{"class":111},[50,149712,186],{"class":64},[50,149714,149715],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149716,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,149718,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149720,366],{"class":151},[50,149722,155],{"class":64},[50,149724,2749],{"class":111},[50,149726,21872],{"class":137},[50,149728,4982],{"class":158},[50,149730,4382],{"class":64},[50,149732,44532],{"class":4385},[50,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,149736,366],{"class":151},[50,149738,155],{"class":64},[50,149740,2859],{"class":111},[50,149742,21872],{"class":137},[50,149744,4982],{"class":158},[50,149746,4382],{"class":64},[50,149748,44549],{"class":4385},[20,149750,46716,149751,1408],{},[15,149752,59646],{},[41,149754,149756],{"className":43,"code":149755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149757,149758,149782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149759,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149761,302],{"class":56},[50,149763,61],{"class":60},[50,149765,419],{"class":64},[50,149767,1089],{"class":111},[50,149769,78],{"class":64},[50,149771,6706],{"class":111},[50,149773,78],{"class":64},[50,149775,54814],{"class":111},[50,149777,78],{"class":64},[50,149779,6706],{"class":111},[50,149781,186],{"class":64},[50,149783,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149785,366],{"class":151},[50,149787,155],{"class":64},[50,149789,381],{"class":158},[50,149791,838],{"class":64},[50,149793,2536],{"class":158},[50,149795,155],{"class":64},[50,149797,2749],{"class":111},[50,149799,6075],{"class":64},[50,149801,28470],{"class":4385},[20,149803,149804,149806,149807,149809,149811],{},[15,149805,57968],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10547,149808],{},[15,149810,59646],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[36,149813,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,149815,2559,149817,2562],{"id":149816},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149818,148541],{},[20,149820,149821],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1112,149823,2569,149825,149827],{"id":149824},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149826,148541],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149829,149830],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1112,149832,149834],{"id":149833},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149836,12615,149837,838],{},[15,149838,2842],{},[1112,149840,5883,149842,149844],{"id":149841},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149843,148541],{}," count strings?",[20,149846,149847],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1112,149849,5893,149851,827,149853,2582],{"id":149850},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149852,148541],{},[15,149854,149855],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149857,149858,149860,149861,149863],{},[15,149859,57968],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149862,59646],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[36,149865,2610],{"id":2609},[233,149867,149868,149872,149877,149884,149892],{},[236,149869,149870],{},[335,149871,148650],{"href":148649},[236,149873,149874],{},[335,149875,149876],{"href":148653},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[236,149878,149879],{},[335,149880,149881,149882,11442],{"href":149670},"Python tuple ",[15,149883,59646],{},[236,149885,149886],{},[335,149887,149889,149890],{"href":149888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149891,43037],{},[236,149893,149894],{},[335,149895,59634],{"href":59633},[2640,149897,149898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":148657,"depth":101,"text":148658,"children":149904},[149905],{"id":103772,"depth":127,"text":103773},{"id":12177,"depth":101,"text":12178},{"id":38697,"depth":101,"text":38698},{"id":1615,"depth":101,"text":1616},{"id":149180,"depth":101,"text":149181},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":149911},[149912,149914,149915,149917],{"id":149340,"depth":127,"text":149913},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59271,"depth":127,"text":59687},{"id":149536,"depth":127,"text":149916},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149549,"depth":127,"text":149550},{"id":149654,"depth":101,"text":149655},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":149920},[149921,149923,149925,149926,149928],{"id":149816,"depth":127,"text":149922},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149824,"depth":127,"text":149924},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149833,"depth":127,"text":149834},{"id":149841,"depth":127,"text":149927},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149850,"depth":127,"text":149929},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148528,"description":149931},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149938,"title":149939,"body":149940,"description":151627,"extension":2687,"meta":151628,"navigation":130,"path":151629,"seo":151630,"stem":151631,"__hash__":151632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149941,"toc":151590},[149942,149945,149948,149957,149959,150089,150091,150152,150158,150160,150180,150184,150187,150190,150225,150227,150248,150251,150290,150292,150317,150324,150328,150331,150368,150370,150393,150396,150399,150411,150417,150421,150424,150430,150471,150473,150496,150499,150540,150542,150569,150571,150588,150590,150607,150610,150614,150617,150619,150653,150655,150702,150706,150745,150749,150752,150809,150811,150852,150858,150864,150869,150871,150908,150910,150930,150932,150965,150967,151000,151003,151007,151040,151042,151067,151070,151072,151086,151093,151095,151098,151102,151105,151140,151143,151178,151182,151185,151224,151227,151266,151270,151272,151302,151305,151312,151314,151346,151349,151381,151384,151415,151417,151434,151438,151441,151505,151507,151511,151518,151522,151525,151529,151532,151536,151539,151544,151550,151552,151587],[10,149943,149939],{"id":149944},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149946,149947],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149949,149950,149951,3602,149955,838],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[335,149952,149954],{"href":149953},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[335,149956,148650],{"href":148649},[36,149958,39],{"id":38},[41,149960,149962],{"className":43,"code":149961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149963,149964,149984,149993,150007,150043,150047,150057,150067,150078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149965,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149967,302],{"class":56},[50,149969,61],{"class":60},[50,149971,419],{"class":64},[50,149973,309],{"class":111},[50,149975,78],{"class":64},[50,149977,314],{"class":111},[50,149979,78],{"class":64},[50,149981,319],{"class":111},[50,149983,186],{"class":64},[50,149985,149986,149988,149990],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,149987,125517],{"class":56},[50,149989,61],{"class":60},[50,149991,149992],{"class":64}," ()\n",[50,149994,149995,149998,150000,150002,150004],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,149996,149997],{"class":56},"one_item ",[50,149999,61],{"class":60},[50,150001,419],{"class":64},[50,150003,2859],{"class":111},[50,150005,150006],{"class":64},",)\n",[50,150008,150009,150012,150014,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,150010,150011],{"class":56},"from_list ",[50,150013,61],{"class":60},[50,150015,150016],{"class":371}," tuple",[50,150018,2182],{"class":64},[50,150020,69],{"class":68},[50,150022,335],{"class":72},[50,150024,69],{"class":68},[50,150026,78],{"class":64},[50,150028,81],{"class":68},[50,150030,344],{"class":72},[50,150032,69],{"class":68},[50,150034,78],{"class":64},[50,150036,81],{"class":68},[50,150038,353],{"class":72},[50,150040,69],{"class":68},[50,150042,2210],{"class":64},[50,150044,150045],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,150046,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,150048,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,150050,366],{"class":151},[50,150052,155],{"class":64},[50,150054,381],{"class":158},[50,150056,186],{"class":64},[50,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,150060,366],{"class":151},[50,150062,155],{"class":64},[50,150064,125568],{"class":158},[50,150066,186],{"class":64},[50,150068,150069,150071,150073,150076],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,150070,366],{"class":151},[50,150072,155],{"class":64},[50,150074,150075],{"class":158},"one_item",[50,150077,186],{"class":64},[50,150079,150080,150082,150084,150087],{"class":52,"line":7144},[50,150081,366],{"class":151},[50,150083,155],{"class":64},[50,150085,150086],{"class":158},"from_list",[50,150088,186],{"class":64},[20,150090,189],{},[41,150092,150094],{"className":43,"code":150093,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150095,150096,150112,150116,150124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150099,155],{"class":64},[50,150101,309],{"class":111},[50,150103,78],{"class":64},[50,150105,314],{"class":111},[50,150107,78],{"class":64},[50,150109,319],{"class":111},[50,150111,186],{"class":64},[50,150113,150114],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150115,9354],{"class":64},[50,150117,150118,150120,150122],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,150119,155],{"class":64},[50,150121,2859],{"class":111},[50,150123,150006],{"class":64},[50,150125,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,150127,155],{"class":64},[50,150129,413],{"class":68},[50,150131,335],{"class":72},[50,150133,413],{"class":68},[50,150135,78],{"class":64},[50,150137,408],{"class":68},[50,150139,344],{"class":72},[50,150141,413],{"class":68},[50,150143,78],{"class":64},[50,150145,408],{"class":68},[50,150147,353],{"class":72},[50,150149,413],{"class":68},[50,150151,186],{"class":64},[20,150153,150154,150155,838],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,150156,150157],{},"(5,)",[36,150159,15865],{"id":15864},[233,150161,150162,150165,150168,150171,150174,150177],{},[236,150163,150164],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[236,150166,150167],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[236,150169,150170],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[236,150172,150173],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[236,150175,150176],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[236,150178,150179],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[36,150181,150183],{"id":150182},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,150185,150186],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,150188,150189],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[41,150191,150193],{"className":43,"code":150192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150194,150195,150215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150196,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150198,302],{"class":56},[50,150200,61],{"class":60},[50,150202,419],{"class":64},[50,150204,309],{"class":111},[50,150206,78],{"class":64},[50,150208,314],{"class":111},[50,150210,78],{"class":64},[50,150212,319],{"class":111},[50,150214,186],{"class":64},[50,150216,150217,150219,150221,150223],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150218,366],{"class":151},[50,150220,155],{"class":64},[50,150222,381],{"class":158},[50,150224,186],{"class":64},[20,150226,189],{},[41,150228,150230],{"className":43,"code":150229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150231,150232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150233,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150235,155],{"class":64},[50,150237,309],{"class":111},[50,150239,78],{"class":64},[50,150241,314],{"class":111},[50,150243,78],{"class":64},[50,150245,319],{"class":111},[50,150247,186],{"class":64},[20,150249,150250],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[41,150252,150254],{"className":43,"code":150253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150255,150256,150280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150259,1818],{"class":56},[50,150261,61],{"class":60},[50,150263,419],{"class":64},[50,150265,309],{"class":111},[50,150267,78],{"class":64},[50,150269,81],{"class":68},[50,150271,4797],{"class":72},[50,150273,69],{"class":68},[50,150275,78],{"class":64},[50,150277,1807],{"class":1806},[50,150279,186],{"class":64},[50,150281,150282,150284,150286,150288],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150283,366],{"class":151},[50,150285,155],{"class":64},[50,150287,1845],{"class":158},[50,150289,186],{"class":64},[20,150291,189],{},[41,150293,150295],{"className":43,"code":150294,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150296,150297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150298,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150300,155],{"class":64},[50,150302,309],{"class":111},[50,150304,78],{"class":64},[50,150306,408],{"class":68},[50,150308,4797],{"class":72},[50,150310,413],{"class":68},[50,150312,78],{"class":64},[50,150314,1807],{"class":1806},[50,150316,186],{"class":64},[20,150318,150319,150320,838],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[335,150321,150323],{"href":150322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[36,150325,150327],{"id":150326},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150329,150330],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[41,150332,150334],{"className":43,"code":150333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150335,150336,150344,150354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150337,150338,150340,150342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150339,125517],{"class":56},[50,150341,61],{"class":60},[50,150343,149992],{"class":64},[50,150345,150346,150348,150350,150352],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150347,366],{"class":151},[50,150349,155],{"class":64},[50,150351,125568],{"class":158},[50,150353,186],{"class":64},[50,150355,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,150357,366],{"class":151},[50,150359,155],{"class":64},[50,150361,3945],{"class":371},[50,150363,155],{"class":64},[50,150365,125568],{"class":158},[50,150367,1077],{"class":64},[20,150369,189],{},[41,150371,150373],{"className":43,"code":150372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150374,150375,150379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150376,150377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150378,9354],{"class":64},[50,150380,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150382,4014],{"class":60},[50,150384,4017],{"class":752},[50,150386,408],{"class":68},[50,150388,49629],{"class":72},[50,150390,413],{"class":68},[50,150392,4026],{"class":60},[20,150394,150395],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150397,150398],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[233,150400,150401,150406],{},[236,150402,150403,150404],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150405,8079],{},[236,150407,150408,150409],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150410,4510],{},[20,150412,150413,150414,838],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[335,150415,150416],{"href":57831},"Python list: creating a list",[36,150418,150420],{"id":150419},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150422,150423],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150425,150426,150427,150429],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[4465,150428,5351],{}," automatically a tuple:",[41,150431,150433],{"className":43,"code":150432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150434,150435,150447,150457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150436,150437,150439,150441,150443,150445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150438,3171],{"class":56},[50,150440,61],{"class":60},[50,150442,419],{"class":64},[50,150444,2859],{"class":111},[50,150446,186],{"class":64},[50,150448,150449,150451,150453,150455],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150450,366],{"class":151},[50,150452,155],{"class":64},[50,150454,3197],{"class":158},[50,150456,186],{"class":64},[50,150458,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,150460,366],{"class":151},[50,150462,155],{"class":64},[50,150464,3945],{"class":371},[50,150466,155],{"class":64},[50,150468,3197],{"class":158},[50,150470,1077],{"class":64},[20,150472,189],{},[41,150474,150476],{"className":43,"code":150475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150477,150478,150482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150479,150480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150481,3670],{"class":111},[50,150483,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150485,4014],{"class":60},[50,150487,4017],{"class":752},[50,150489,408],{"class":68},[50,150491,2911],{"class":72},[50,150493,413],{"class":68},[50,150495,4026],{"class":60},[20,150497,150498],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[41,150500,150502],{"className":43,"code":150501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150503,150504,150516,150526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150505,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150507,149997],{"class":56},[50,150509,61],{"class":60},[50,150511,419],{"class":64},[50,150513,2859],{"class":111},[50,150515,150006],{"class":64},[50,150517,150518,150520,150522,150524],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150519,366],{"class":151},[50,150521,155],{"class":64},[50,150523,150075],{"class":158},[50,150525,186],{"class":64},[50,150527,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,150529,366],{"class":151},[50,150531,155],{"class":64},[50,150533,3945],{"class":371},[50,150535,155],{"class":64},[50,150537,150075],{"class":158},[50,150539,1077],{"class":64},[20,150541,189],{},[41,150543,150545],{"className":43,"code":150544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150546,150547,150555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150548,150549,150551,150553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150550,155],{"class":64},[50,150552,2859],{"class":111},[50,150554,150006],{"class":64},[50,150556,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150558,4014],{"class":60},[50,150560,4017],{"class":752},[50,150562,408],{"class":68},[50,150564,49629],{"class":72},[50,150566,413],{"class":68},[50,150568,4026],{"class":60},[20,150570,17356],{},[41,150572,150574],{"className":43,"code":150573,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150575,150576],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150579,155],{"class":64},[50,150581,69],{"class":68},[50,150583,4797],{"class":72},[50,150585,69],{"class":68},[50,150587,150006],{"class":64},[20,150589,17344],{},[41,150591,150593],{"className":43,"code":150592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150594,150595],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150596,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150598,155],{"class":64},[50,150600,69],{"class":68},[50,150602,4797],{"class":72},[50,150604,69],{"class":68},[50,150606,186],{"class":64},[20,150608,150609],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[36,150611,150613],{"id":150612},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150615,150616],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1112,150618,57140],{"id":381},[41,150620,150621],{"className":43,"code":150192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150622,150623,150643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150624,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150626,302],{"class":56},[50,150628,61],{"class":60},[50,150630,419],{"class":64},[50,150632,309],{"class":111},[50,150634,78],{"class":64},[50,150636,314],{"class":111},[50,150638,78],{"class":64},[50,150640,319],{"class":111},[50,150642,186],{"class":64},[50,150644,150645,150647,150649,150651],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150646,366],{"class":151},[50,150648,155],{"class":64},[50,150650,381],{"class":158},[50,150652,186],{"class":64},[1112,150654,57143],{"id":6022},[41,150656,150658],{"className":43,"code":150657,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150659,150660,150692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150663,13779],{"class":56},[50,150665,61],{"class":60},[50,150667,419],{"class":64},[50,150669,69],{"class":68},[50,150671,13796],{"class":72},[50,150673,69],{"class":68},[50,150675,78],{"class":64},[50,150677,81],{"class":68},[50,150679,18154],{"class":72},[50,150681,69],{"class":68},[50,150683,78],{"class":64},[50,150685,81],{"class":68},[50,150687,13813],{"class":72},[50,150689,69],{"class":68},[50,150691,186],{"class":64},[50,150693,150694,150696,150698,150700],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150695,366],{"class":151},[50,150697,155],{"class":64},[50,150699,18201],{"class":158},[50,150701,186],{"class":64},[1112,150703,150705],{"id":150704},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[41,150707,150709],{"className":43,"code":150708,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150710,150711,150735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150712,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150714,60151],{"class":56},[50,150716,61],{"class":60},[50,150718,419],{"class":64},[50,150720,309],{"class":111},[50,150722,78],{"class":64},[50,150724,81],{"class":68},[50,150726,4797],{"class":72},[50,150728,69],{"class":68},[50,150730,78],{"class":64},[50,150732,1807],{"class":1806},[50,150734,186],{"class":64},[50,150736,150737,150739,150741,150743],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150738,366],{"class":151},[50,150740,155],{"class":64},[50,150742,60204],{"class":158},[50,150744,186],{"class":64},[1112,150746,150748],{"id":150747},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150750,150751],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[41,150753,150755],{"className":43,"code":150754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150756,150757,150798],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150758,150759,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794,150796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150760,150761],{"class":56},"nested ",[50,150763,61],{"class":60},[50,150765,419],{"class":64},[50,150767,309],{"class":111},[50,150769,78],{"class":64},[50,150771,419],{"class":64},[50,150773,69],{"class":68},[50,150775,335],{"class":72},[50,150777,69],{"class":68},[50,150779,78],{"class":64},[50,150781,81],{"class":68},[50,150783,344],{"class":72},[50,150785,69],{"class":68},[50,150787,416],{"class":64},[50,150789,65],{"class":64},[50,150791,1868],{"class":111},[50,150793,78],{"class":64},[50,150795,1873],{"class":111},[50,150797,2210],{"class":64},[50,150799,150800,150802,150804,150807],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150801,366],{"class":151},[50,150803,155],{"class":64},[50,150805,150806],{"class":158},"nested",[50,150808,186],{"class":64},[20,150810,189],{},[41,150812,150814],{"className":43,"code":150813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150815,150816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150817,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150819,155],{"class":64},[50,150821,309],{"class":111},[50,150823,78],{"class":64},[50,150825,419],{"class":64},[50,150827,413],{"class":68},[50,150829,335],{"class":72},[50,150831,413],{"class":68},[50,150833,78],{"class":64},[50,150835,408],{"class":68},[50,150837,344],{"class":72},[50,150839,413],{"class":68},[50,150841,416],{"class":64},[50,150843,65],{"class":64},[50,150845,1868],{"class":111},[50,150847,78],{"class":64},[50,150849,1873],{"class":111},[50,150851,2210],{"class":64},[36,150853,150855,150856],{"id":150854},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150857,38724],{},[20,150859,150860,150861,150863],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150862,38724],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150865,150866,150867,838],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[335,150868,63897],{"href":63896},[1112,150870,105913],{"id":105912},[41,150872,150874],{"className":43,"code":150873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150875,150876,150898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150877,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150879,302],{"class":56},[50,150881,61],{"class":60},[50,150883,150016],{"class":371},[50,150885,2182],{"class":64},[50,150887,309],{"class":111},[50,150889,78],{"class":64},[50,150891,314],{"class":111},[50,150893,78],{"class":64},[50,150895,319],{"class":111},[50,150897,2210],{"class":64},[50,150899,150900,150902,150904,150906],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150901,366],{"class":151},[50,150903,155],{"class":64},[50,150905,381],{"class":158},[50,150907,186],{"class":64},[20,150909,189],{},[41,150911,150912],{"className":43,"code":150229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150913,150914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150915,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150917,155],{"class":64},[50,150919,309],{"class":111},[50,150921,78],{"class":64},[50,150923,314],{"class":111},[50,150925,78],{"class":64},[50,150927,319],{"class":111},[50,150929,186],{"class":64},[1112,150931,106099],{"id":106098},[41,150933,150935],{"className":43,"code":150934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150936,150937,150955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150940,326],{"class":56},[50,150942,61],{"class":60},[50,150944,150016],{"class":371},[50,150946,155],{"class":64},[50,150948,69],{"class":68},[50,150950,42236],{"class":72},[50,150952,69],{"class":68},[50,150954,186],{"class":64},[50,150956,150957,150959,150961,150963],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,150958,366],{"class":151},[50,150960,155],{"class":64},[50,150962,36820],{"class":158},[50,150964,186],{"class":64},[20,150966,189],{},[41,150968,150970],{"className":43,"code":150969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150971,150972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150973,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150975,155],{"class":64},[50,150977,413],{"class":68},[50,150979,335],{"class":72},[50,150981,413],{"class":68},[50,150983,78],{"class":64},[50,150985,408],{"class":68},[50,150987,344],{"class":72},[50,150989,413],{"class":68},[50,150991,78],{"class":64},[50,150993,408],{"class":68},[50,150995,353],{"class":72},[50,150997,413],{"class":68},[50,150999,186],{"class":64},[20,151001,151002],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1112,151004,151006],{"id":151005},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[41,151008,151010],{"className":43,"code":151009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,151011,151012,151030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151013,151014,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151015,1321],{"class":56},[50,151017,61],{"class":60},[50,151019,150016],{"class":371},[50,151021,155],{"class":64},[50,151023,60677],{"class":151},[50,151025,155],{"class":64},[50,151027,1089],{"class":111},[50,151029,1077],{"class":64},[50,151031,151032,151034,151036,151038],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151033,366],{"class":151},[50,151035,155],{"class":64},[50,151037,6072],{"class":158},[50,151039,186],{"class":64},[20,151041,189],{},[41,151043,151045],{"className":43,"code":151044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,151046,151047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151048,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151050,155],{"class":64},[50,151052,2842],{"class":111},[50,151054,78],{"class":64},[50,151056,6212],{"class":111},[50,151058,78],{"class":64},[50,151060,314],{"class":111},[50,151062,78],{"class":64},[50,151064,319],{"class":111},[50,151066,186],{"class":64},[20,151068,151069],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[36,151071,21499],{"id":21498},[233,151073,151074,151077,151080,151083],{},[236,151075,151076],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[236,151078,151079],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[236,151081,151082],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[236,151084,151085],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,151087,151088,151089,838],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[335,151090,151092],{"href":151091},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[36,151094,3553],{"id":3552},[20,151096,151097],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1112,151099,151101],{"id":151100},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,151103,151104],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[41,151106,151108],{"className":43,"code":151107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151109,151110,151126],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151111,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151113,29229],{"class":56},[50,151115,61],{"class":60},[50,151117,419],{"class":64},[50,151119,69],{"class":68},[50,151121,4797],{"class":72},[50,151123,69],{"class":68},[50,151125,186],{"class":64},[50,151127,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151129,366],{"class":151},[50,151131,155],{"class":64},[50,151133,3945],{"class":371},[50,151135,155],{"class":64},[50,151137,2238],{"class":158},[50,151139,1077],{"class":64},[20,151141,151142],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[41,151144,151146],{"className":43,"code":151145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151147,151148,151164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151151,29229],{"class":56},[50,151153,61],{"class":60},[50,151155,419],{"class":64},[50,151157,69],{"class":68},[50,151159,4797],{"class":72},[50,151161,69],{"class":68},[50,151163,150006],{"class":64},[50,151165,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151167,366],{"class":151},[50,151169,155],{"class":64},[50,151171,3945],{"class":371},[50,151173,155],{"class":64},[50,151175,2238],{"class":158},[50,151177,1077],{"class":64},[1112,151179,151181],{"id":151180},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,151183,151184],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[41,151186,151188],{"className":43,"code":151187,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151189,151190,151210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151193,1321],{"class":56},[50,151195,61],{"class":60},[50,151197,65],{"class":64},[50,151199,309],{"class":111},[50,151201,78],{"class":64},[50,151203,314],{"class":111},[50,151205,78],{"class":64},[50,151207,319],{"class":111},[50,151209,98],{"class":64},[50,151211,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151213,366],{"class":151},[50,151215,155],{"class":64},[50,151217,3945],{"class":371},[50,151219,155],{"class":64},[50,151221,6072],{"class":158},[50,151223,1077],{"class":64},[20,151225,151226],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[41,151228,151230],{"className":43,"code":151229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151231,151232,151252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151233,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151235,1321],{"class":56},[50,151237,61],{"class":60},[50,151239,419],{"class":64},[50,151241,309],{"class":111},[50,151243,78],{"class":64},[50,151245,314],{"class":111},[50,151247,78],{"class":64},[50,151249,319],{"class":111},[50,151251,186],{"class":64},[50,151253,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151255,366],{"class":151},[50,151257,155],{"class":64},[50,151259,3945],{"class":371},[50,151261,155],{"class":64},[50,151263,6072],{"class":158},[50,151265,1077],{"class":64},[1112,151267,151269],{"id":151268},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151271,151082],{},[41,151273,151275],{"className":43,"code":151274,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151276,151277,151297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151278,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151280,302],{"class":56},[50,151282,61],{"class":60},[50,151284,419],{"class":64},[50,151286,309],{"class":111},[50,151288,78],{"class":64},[50,151290,314],{"class":111},[50,151292,78],{"class":64},[50,151294,319],{"class":111},[50,151296,186],{"class":64},[50,151298,151299],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151300,151301],{"class":4385},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151303,151304],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1112,151306,37881,151308,151311],{"id":151307},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151309,151310],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151313,65321],{},[41,151315,151316],{"className":43,"code":150934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151317,151318,151336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151319,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151321,326],{"class":56},[50,151323,61],{"class":60},[50,151325,150016],{"class":371},[50,151327,155],{"class":64},[50,151329,69],{"class":68},[50,151331,42236],{"class":72},[50,151333,69],{"class":68},[50,151335,186],{"class":64},[50,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151339,366],{"class":151},[50,151341,155],{"class":64},[50,151343,36820],{"class":158},[50,151345,186],{"class":64},[20,151347,151348],{},"gives:",[41,151350,151351],{"className":43,"code":150969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151352,151353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151356,155],{"class":64},[50,151358,413],{"class":68},[50,151360,335],{"class":72},[50,151362,413],{"class":68},[50,151364,78],{"class":64},[50,151366,408],{"class":68},[50,151368,344],{"class":72},[50,151370,413],{"class":68},[50,151372,78],{"class":64},[50,151374,408],{"class":68},[50,151376,353],{"class":72},[50,151378,413],{"class":68},[50,151380,186],{"class":64},[20,151382,151383],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[41,151385,151387],{"className":43,"code":151386,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151388,151389,151405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151390,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151392,6867],{"class":56},[50,151394,61],{"class":60},[50,151396,419],{"class":64},[50,151398,69],{"class":68},[50,151400,42236],{"class":72},[50,151402,69],{"class":68},[50,151404,150006],{"class":64},[50,151406,151407,151409,151411,151413],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151408,366],{"class":151},[50,151410,155],{"class":64},[50,151412,39067],{"class":158},[50,151414,186],{"class":64},[20,151416,189],{},[41,151418,151420],{"className":43,"code":151419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('abc',)\n",[15,151421,151422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151423,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151425,155],{"class":64},[50,151427,413],{"class":68},[50,151429,42236],{"class":72},[50,151431,413],{"class":68},[50,151433,150006],{"class":64},[1112,151435,151437],{"id":151436},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151439,151440],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[41,151442,151444],{"className":43,"code":151443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151445,151446,151463,151467,151477,151491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151447,151448,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151449,151450],{"class":56},"my_tuple ",[50,151452,61],{"class":60},[50,151454,419],{"class":64},[50,151456,69],{"class":68},[50,151458,4797],{"class":72},[50,151460,69],{"class":68},[50,151462,150006],{"class":64},[50,151464,151465],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151466,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,151468,151469,151471,151473,151475],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,151470,366],{"class":151},[50,151472,155],{"class":64},[50,151474,148668],{"class":158},[50,151476,186],{"class":64},[50,151478,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,151480,366],{"class":151},[50,151482,155],{"class":64},[50,151484,3945],{"class":371},[50,151486,155],{"class":64},[50,151488,148668],{"class":158},[50,151490,1077],{"class":64},[50,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,151494,366],{"class":151},[50,151496,155],{"class":64},[50,151498,1060],{"class":151},[50,151500,155],{"class":64},[50,151502,148668],{"class":158},[50,151504,1077],{"class":64},[36,151506,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,151508,151510],{"id":151509},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151512,151513,151514,151517],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151515,151516],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1112,151519,151521],{"id":151520},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151523,151524],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1112,151526,151528],{"id":151527},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151530,151531],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1112,151533,151535],{"id":151534},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151537,151538],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1112,151540,2559,151542,13419],{"id":151541},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151543,151310],{},[20,151545,5861,151546,151549],{},[15,151547,151548],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[36,151551,2610],{"id":2609},[233,151553,151554,151558,151562,151568,151573,151578,151582],{},[236,151555,151556],{},[335,151557,148650],{"href":148649},[236,151559,151560],{},[335,151561,150323],{"href":150322},[236,151563,151564],{},[335,151565,151567],{"href":151566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[236,151569,151570],{},[335,151571,151572],{"href":149888},"Python tuple length with len()",[236,151574,151575],{},[335,151576,151577],{"href":149953},"What is a tuple in Python?",[236,151579,151580],{},[335,151581,63897],{"href":63896},[236,151583,151584],{},[335,151585,151586],{"href":151091},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2640,151588,151589],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":151591},[151592,151593,151594,151595,151596,151597,151603,151609,151610,151618,151626],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":150182,"depth":101,"text":150183},{"id":150326,"depth":101,"text":150327},{"id":150419,"depth":101,"text":150420},{"id":150612,"depth":101,"text":150613,"children":151598},[151599,151600,151601,151602],{"id":381,"depth":127,"text":57140},{"id":6022,"depth":127,"text":57143},{"id":150704,"depth":127,"text":150705},{"id":150747,"depth":127,"text":150748},{"id":150854,"depth":101,"text":151604,"children":151605},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151606,151607,151608],{"id":105912,"depth":127,"text":105913},{"id":106098,"depth":127,"text":106099},{"id":151005,"depth":127,"text":151006},{"id":21498,"depth":101,"text":21499},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":151611},[151612,151613,151614,151615,151617],{"id":151100,"depth":127,"text":151101},{"id":151180,"depth":127,"text":151181},{"id":151268,"depth":127,"text":151269},{"id":151307,"depth":127,"text":151616},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151436,"depth":127,"text":151437},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":151619},[151620,151621,151622,151623,151624],{"id":151509,"depth":127,"text":151510},{"id":151520,"depth":127,"text":151521},{"id":151527,"depth":127,"text":151528},{"id":151534,"depth":127,"text":151535},{"id":151541,"depth":127,"text":151625},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149939,"description":151627},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151634,"title":151635,"body":151636,"description":153181,"extension":2687,"meta":153182,"navigation":130,"path":153183,"seo":153184,"stem":153185,"__hash__":153186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151637,"toc":153151},[151638,151641,151646,151648,151661,151667,151669,151736,151738,151773,151778,151782,151786,151788,151799,151807,151809,151811,151832,151834,151854,151857,151859,151864,151907,151909,151931,151934,151947,151951,151955,151958,152011,152013,152034,152039,152043,152046,152091,152093,152126,152138,152142,152150,152187,152189,152218,152222,152225,152278,152280,152300,152307,152311,152316,152385,152387,152412,152416,152419,152425,152502,152504,152563,152565,152577,152582,152586,152590,152604,152606,152641,152643,152660,152663,152676,152680,152684,152695,152700,152715,152718,152721,152723,152726,152730,152732,152746,152748,152772,152777,152781,152784,152803,152806,152855,152860,152877,152880,152913,152917,152919,152970,152973,152998,153001,153024,153028,153034,153036,153071,153074,153079,153081,153085,153088,153092,153097,153101,153104,153108,153111,153115,153120,153122,153148],[10,151639,151635],{"id":151640},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151642,9835,151643,151645],{},[15,151644,38724],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151647,83258],{},[233,151649,151650,151655],{},[236,151651,151652,151654],{},[15,151653,38724],{}," creates an empty tuple",[236,151656,151657,151660],{},[15,151658,151659],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151662,151663,151664,151666],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151665,38724],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[36,151668,39],{"id":38},[41,151670,151672],{"className":43,"code":151671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151673,151674,151694,151708,151712,151722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151675,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151677,302],{"class":56},[50,151679,61],{"class":60},[50,151681,65],{"class":64},[50,151683,309],{"class":111},[50,151685,78],{"class":64},[50,151687,314],{"class":111},[50,151689,78],{"class":64},[50,151691,319],{"class":111},[50,151693,98],{"class":64},[50,151695,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151697,2954],{"class":56},[50,151699,61],{"class":60},[50,151701,150016],{"class":371},[50,151703,155],{"class":64},[50,151705,381],{"class":158},[50,151707,186],{"class":64},[50,151709,151710],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,151711,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,151713,151714,151716,151718,151720],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,151715,366],{"class":151},[50,151717,155],{"class":64},[50,151719,2989],{"class":158},[50,151721,186],{"class":64},[50,151723,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,151725,366],{"class":151},[50,151727,155],{"class":64},[50,151729,3945],{"class":371},[50,151731,155],{"class":64},[50,151733,2989],{"class":158},[50,151735,1077],{"class":64},[20,151737,189],{},[41,151739,151741],{"className":43,"code":151740,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151742,151743,151759],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151746,155],{"class":64},[50,151748,309],{"class":111},[50,151750,78],{"class":64},[50,151752,314],{"class":111},[50,151754,78],{"class":64},[50,151756,319],{"class":111},[50,151758,186],{"class":64},[50,151760,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151762,4014],{"class":60},[50,151764,4017],{"class":752},[50,151766,408],{"class":68},[50,151768,49629],{"class":72},[50,151770,413],{"class":68},[50,151772,4026],{"class":60},[20,151774,221,151775,151777],{},[15,151776,151659],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[36,151779,151781],{"id":151780},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151783,151784,63605],{},[15,151785,38724],{},[20,151787,49603],{},[233,151789,151790,151793,151796],{},[236,151791,151792],{},"creates a tuple object",[236,151794,151795],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[236,151797,151798],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151800,151801,151802,151804,151805,838],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[335,151803,149954],{"href":149953}," or the full guide to ",[335,151806,148650],{"href":148649},[36,151808,256],{"id":255},[20,151810,27178],{},[41,151812,151814],{"className":43,"code":151813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151815,151816,151822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151817,151818,151820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151819,49629],{"class":371},[50,151821,9354],{"class":64},[50,151823,151824,151826,151828,151830],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151825,49629],{"class":371},[50,151827,155],{"class":64},[50,151829,4442],{"class":158},[50,151831,186],{"class":64},[20,151833,12161],{},[233,151835,151836,151839],{},[236,151837,151838],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[236,151840,151841,151842],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[233,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852],{},[236,151845,6013],{},[236,151847,6022],{},[236,151849,63676],{},[236,151851,6019],{},[236,151853,7964],{},[20,151855,151856],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[36,151858,150327],{"id":150326},[20,151860,30339,151861,151863],{},[15,151862,38724],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[41,151865,151867],{"className":43,"code":151866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151868,151869,151879,151883,151893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151870,151871,151873,151875,151877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151872,125517],{"class":56},[50,151874,61],{"class":60},[50,151876,150016],{"class":371},[50,151878,9354],{"class":64},[50,151880,151881],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151882,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,151884,151885,151887,151889,151891],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,151886,366],{"class":151},[50,151888,155],{"class":64},[50,151890,125568],{"class":158},[50,151892,186],{"class":64},[50,151894,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,151896,366],{"class":151},[50,151898,155],{"class":64},[50,151900,3945],{"class":371},[50,151902,155],{"class":64},[50,151904,125568],{"class":158},[50,151906,1077],{"class":64},[20,151908,189],{},[41,151910,151911],{"className":43,"code":150372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151912,151913,151917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151914,151915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151916,9354],{"class":64},[50,151918,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151920,4014],{"class":60},[50,151922,4017],{"class":752},[50,151924,408],{"class":68},[50,151926,49629],{"class":72},[50,151928,413],{"class":68},[50,151930,4026],{"class":60},[20,151932,151933],{},"This is equivalent to:",[41,151935,151937],{"className":43,"code":151936,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\n",[15,151938,151939],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151940,151941,151943,151945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151942,125517],{"class":56},[50,151944,61],{"class":60},[50,151946,149992],{"class":64},[36,151948,151950],{"id":151949},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1112,151952,151954],{"id":151953},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151956,151957],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[41,151959,151961],{"className":43,"code":151960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151962,151963,151983,151997,152001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151964,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151966,302],{"class":56},[50,151968,61],{"class":60},[50,151970,65],{"class":64},[50,151972,1868],{"class":111},[50,151974,78],{"class":64},[50,151976,1873],{"class":111},[50,151978,78],{"class":64},[50,151980,1878],{"class":111},[50,151982,98],{"class":64},[50,151984,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,151986,2954],{"class":56},[50,151988,61],{"class":60},[50,151990,150016],{"class":371},[50,151992,155],{"class":64},[50,151994,381],{"class":158},[50,151996,186],{"class":64},[50,151998,151999],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152000,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152002,152003,152005,152007,152009],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,152004,366],{"class":151},[50,152006,155],{"class":64},[50,152008,2989],{"class":158},[50,152010,186],{"class":64},[20,152012,189],{},[41,152014,152016],{"className":43,"code":152015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,152017,152018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152019,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152021,155],{"class":64},[50,152023,1868],{"class":111},[50,152025,78],{"class":64},[50,152027,1873],{"class":111},[50,152029,78],{"class":64},[50,152031,1878],{"class":111},[50,152033,186],{"class":64},[20,152035,152036,152037,838],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[335,152038,105718],{"href":60734},[1112,152040,152042],{"id":152041},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,152044,152045],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[41,152047,152049],{"className":43,"code":152048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152050,152051,152063,152077,152081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152054,35372],{"class":56},[50,152056,61],{"class":60},[50,152058,81],{"class":68},[50,152060,37724],{"class":72},[50,152062,4082],{"class":68},[50,152064,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152066,2954],{"class":56},[50,152068,61],{"class":60},[50,152070,150016],{"class":371},[50,152072,155],{"class":64},[50,152074,35393],{"class":158},[50,152076,186],{"class":64},[50,152078,152079],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152080,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152082,152083,152085,152087,152089],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,152084,366],{"class":151},[50,152086,155],{"class":64},[50,152088,2989],{"class":158},[50,152090,186],{"class":64},[20,152092,189],{},[41,152094,152096],{"className":43,"code":152095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,152097,152098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152099,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152101,155],{"class":64},[50,152103,413],{"class":68},[50,152105,353],{"class":72},[50,152107,413],{"class":68},[50,152109,78],{"class":64},[50,152111,408],{"class":68},[50,152113,335],{"class":72},[50,152115,413],{"class":68},[50,152117,78],{"class":64},[50,152119,408],{"class":68},[50,152121,63966],{"class":72},[50,152123,413],{"class":68},[50,152125,186],{"class":64},[20,152127,152128,152129,14755,152132,152134,152135,838],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,152130,152131],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[4465,152133,5351],{}," create ",[15,152136,152137],{},"('cat',)",[1112,152139,152141],{"id":152140},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,152143,152144,152146,152147,152149],{},[15,152145,36875],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,152148,38724],{}," collects them all.",[41,152151,152153],{"className":43,"code":152152,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152154,152155,152173,152177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152156,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152158,2954],{"class":56},[50,152160,61],{"class":60},[50,152162,150016],{"class":371},[50,152164,155],{"class":64},[50,152166,60677],{"class":151},[50,152168,155],{"class":64},[50,152170,2859],{"class":111},[50,152172,1077],{"class":64},[50,152174,152175],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152176,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152178,152179,152181,152183,152185],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152180,366],{"class":151},[50,152182,155],{"class":64},[50,152184,2989],{"class":158},[50,152186,186],{"class":64},[20,152188,189],{},[41,152190,152192],{"className":43,"code":152191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,152193,152194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152195,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152197,155],{"class":64},[50,152199,2842],{"class":111},[50,152201,78],{"class":64},[50,152203,6212],{"class":111},[50,152205,78],{"class":64},[50,152207,314],{"class":111},[50,152209,78],{"class":64},[50,152211,319],{"class":111},[50,152213,78],{"class":64},[50,152215,3181],{"class":111},[50,152217,186],{"class":64},[1112,152219,152221],{"id":152220},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152223,152224],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[41,152226,152228],{"className":43,"code":152227,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152229,152230,152250,152264,152268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152231,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152233,1321],{"class":56},[50,152235,61],{"class":60},[50,152237,11191],{"class":64},[50,152239,309],{"class":111},[50,152241,78],{"class":64},[50,152243,314],{"class":111},[50,152245,78],{"class":64},[50,152247,319],{"class":111},[50,152249,1445],{"class":64},[50,152251,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152253,2954],{"class":56},[50,152255,61],{"class":60},[50,152257,150016],{"class":371},[50,152259,155],{"class":64},[50,152261,6072],{"class":158},[50,152263,186],{"class":64},[50,152265,152266],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152267,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152269,152270,152272,152274,152276],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,152271,366],{"class":151},[50,152273,155],{"class":64},[50,152275,2989],{"class":158},[50,152277,186],{"class":64},[20,152279,189],{},[41,152281,152282],{"className":43,"code":150229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152283,152284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152285,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152287,155],{"class":64},[50,152289,309],{"class":111},[50,152291,78],{"class":64},[50,152293,314],{"class":111},[50,152295,78],{"class":64},[50,152297,319],{"class":111},[50,152299,186],{"class":64},[20,152301,152302,152303,838],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[335,152304,152306],{"href":152305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1112,152308,152310],{"id":152309},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152312,64219,152313,152315],{},[15,152314,38724],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[41,152317,152319],{"className":43,"code":152318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152320,152321,152357,152371,152375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152322,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152324,1356],{"class":56},[50,152326,61],{"class":60},[50,152328,11191],{"class":64},[50,152330,69],{"class":68},[50,152332,178],{"class":72},[50,152334,69],{"class":68},[50,152336,1408],{"class":64},[50,152338,81],{"class":68},[50,152340,73],{"class":72},[50,152342,69],{"class":68},[50,152344,78],{"class":64},[50,152346,81],{"class":68},[50,152348,1303],{"class":72},[50,152350,69],{"class":68},[50,152352,1408],{"class":64},[50,152354,1336],{"class":111},[50,152356,1445],{"class":64},[50,152358,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152360,2954],{"class":56},[50,152362,61],{"class":60},[50,152364,150016],{"class":371},[50,152366,155],{"class":64},[50,152368,1386],{"class":158},[50,152370,186],{"class":64},[50,152372,152373],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152374,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152376,152377,152379,152381,152383],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,152378,366],{"class":151},[50,152380,155],{"class":64},[50,152382,2989],{"class":158},[50,152384,186],{"class":64},[20,152386,30719],{},[41,152388,152390],{"className":43,"code":152389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152391,152392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152393,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152395,155],{"class":64},[50,152397,413],{"class":68},[50,152399,178],{"class":72},[50,152401,413],{"class":68},[50,152403,78],{"class":64},[50,152405,408],{"class":68},[50,152407,1303],{"class":72},[50,152409,413],{"class":68},[50,152411,186],{"class":64},[36,152413,152415],{"id":152414},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152417,152418],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152420,152421,152424],{},[15,152422,152423],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[41,152426,152428],{"className":43,"code":152427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152429,152430,152466,152470,152484],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152431,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152433,1356],{"class":56},[50,152435,61],{"class":60},[50,152437,11191],{"class":64},[50,152439,69],{"class":68},[50,152441,178],{"class":72},[50,152443,69],{"class":68},[50,152445,1408],{"class":64},[50,152447,81],{"class":68},[50,152449,73],{"class":72},[50,152451,69],{"class":68},[50,152453,78],{"class":64},[50,152455,81],{"class":68},[50,152457,1303],{"class":72},[50,152459,69],{"class":68},[50,152461,1408],{"class":64},[50,152463,1336],{"class":111},[50,152465,1445],{"class":64},[50,152467,152468],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152469,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,152471,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,152473,366],{"class":151},[50,152475,155],{"class":64},[50,152477,49629],{"class":371},[50,152479,155],{"class":64},[50,152481,1386],{"class":158},[50,152483,1077],{"class":64},[50,152485,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,152487,366],{"class":151},[50,152489,155],{"class":64},[50,152491,49629],{"class":371},[50,152493,155],{"class":64},[50,152495,1386],{"class":158},[50,152497,838],{"class":64},[50,152499,8522],{"class":158},[50,152501,7003],{"class":64},[20,152503,189],{},[41,152505,152507],{"className":43,"code":152506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152508,152509,152529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152510,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152512,155],{"class":64},[50,152514,413],{"class":68},[50,152516,178],{"class":72},[50,152518,413],{"class":68},[50,152520,78],{"class":64},[50,152522,408],{"class":68},[50,152524,1303],{"class":72},[50,152526,413],{"class":68},[50,152528,186],{"class":64},[50,152530,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152532,6225],{"class":64},[50,152534,413],{"class":68},[50,152536,178],{"class":72},[50,152538,413],{"class":68},[50,152540,78],{"class":64},[50,152542,408],{"class":68},[50,152544,73],{"class":72},[50,152546,413],{"class":68},[50,152548,416],{"class":64},[50,152550,419],{"class":64},[50,152552,413],{"class":68},[50,152554,1303],{"class":72},[50,152556,413],{"class":68},[50,152558,78],{"class":64},[50,152560,1336],{"class":111},[50,152562,1077],{"class":64},[20,152564,19393],{},[233,152566,152567,152572],{},[236,152568,152569,152571],{},[15,152570,152423],{}," for keys",[236,152573,152574,33244],{},[15,152575,152576],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152578,152579,152580,838],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[335,152581,64229],{"href":64228},[36,152583,152585],{"id":152584},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152587,152588,19017],{},[15,152589,38724],{},[233,152591,152592,152595,152598,152601],{},[236,152593,152594],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[236,152596,152597],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[236,152599,152600],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[236,152602,152603],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152605,2931],{},[41,152607,152609],{"className":43,"code":152608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152610,152611,152630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152612,152613,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152614,152615],{"class":56},"coordinates ",[50,152617,61],{"class":60},[50,152619,150016],{"class":371},[50,152621,2182],{"class":64},[50,152623,1089],{"class":111},[50,152625,78],{"class":64},[50,152627,6706],{"class":111},[50,152629,2210],{"class":64},[50,152631,152632,152634,152636,152639],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152633,366],{"class":151},[50,152635,155],{"class":64},[50,152637,152638],{"class":158},"coordinates",[50,152640,186],{"class":64},[20,152642,189],{},[41,152644,152646],{"className":43,"code":152645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152647,152648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152649,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152651,155],{"class":64},[50,152653,1089],{"class":111},[50,152655,78],{"class":64},[50,152657,6706],{"class":111},[50,152659,186],{"class":64},[20,152661,152662],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[233,152664,152665,152667,152670,152673],{},[236,152666,152638],{},[236,152668,152669],{},"RGB colors",[236,152671,152672],{},"dates",[236,152674,152675],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[36,152677,152679],{"id":152678},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152681,45106,152682,11302],{},[15,152683,38724],{},[233,152685,152686,152689,152692],{},[236,152687,152688],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[236,152690,152691],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[236,152693,152694],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152696,117144,152697,152699],{},[4465,152698,5351],{}," work:",[41,152701,152703],{"className":43,"code":152702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152704,152705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152706,152707,152709,152711,152713],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152708,49629],{"class":371},[50,152710,155],{"class":64},[50,152712,2859],{"class":111},[50,152714,186],{"class":64},[20,152716,152717],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152719,152720],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[36,152722,115982],{"id":115981},[20,152724,152725],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1112,152727,152729],{"id":152728},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152731,3560],{},[41,152733,152734],{"className":43,"code":152702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152735,152736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152737,152738,152740,152742,152744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152739,49629],{"class":371},[50,152741,155],{"class":64},[50,152743,2859],{"class":111},[50,152745,186],{"class":64},[20,152747,30370],{},[41,152749,152750],{"className":43,"code":64333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152751,152752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152753,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152755,3727],{"class":371},[50,152757,1408],{"class":64},[50,152759,408],{"class":68},[50,152761,2911],{"class":72},[50,152763,413],{"class":68},[50,152765,25310],{"class":371},[50,152767,8808],{"class":60},[50,152769,8811],{"class":60},[50,152771,64356],{"class":56},[20,152773,152774,152775,838],{},"If you see this, read ",[335,152776,62970],{"href":53277},[1112,152778,152780],{"id":152779},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152782,152783],{},"This code:",[41,152785,152787],{"className":43,"code":152786,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152788,152789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152790,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152792,49629],{"class":371},[50,152794,155],{"class":64},[50,152796,69],{"class":68},[50,152798,4568],{"class":72},[50,152800,69],{"class":68},[50,152802,186],{"class":64},[20,152804,152805],{},"returns:",[41,152807,152809],{"className":43,"code":152808,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152810,152811],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152812,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152814,155],{"class":64},[50,152816,413],{"class":68},[50,152818,61117],{"class":72},[50,152820,413],{"class":68},[50,152822,78],{"class":64},[50,152824,408],{"class":68},[50,152826,61126],{"class":72},[50,152828,413],{"class":68},[50,152830,78],{"class":64},[50,152832,408],{"class":68},[50,152834,61135],{"class":72},[50,152836,413],{"class":68},[50,152838,78],{"class":64},[50,152840,408],{"class":68},[50,152842,61135],{"class":72},[50,152844,413],{"class":68},[50,152846,78],{"class":64},[50,152848,408],{"class":68},[50,152850,61152],{"class":72},[50,152852,413],{"class":68},[50,152854,186],{"class":64},[20,152856,41583,152857,152859],{},[4465,152858,5351],{}," return:",[41,152861,152863],{"className":43,"code":152862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('hello',)\n",[15,152864,152865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152866,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152868,155],{"class":64},[50,152870,413],{"class":68},[50,152872,4568],{"class":72},[50,152874,413],{"class":68},[50,152876,150006],{"class":64},[20,152878,152879],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[41,152881,152883],{"className":43,"code":152882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152884,152885,152902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152886,152887,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152888,152889],{"class":56},"single ",[50,152891,61],{"class":60},[50,152893,419],{"class":64},[50,152895,69],{"class":68},[50,152897,4568],{"class":72},[50,152899,69],{"class":68},[50,152901,150006],{"class":64},[50,152903,152904,152906,152908,152911],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152905,366],{"class":151},[50,152907,155],{"class":64},[50,152909,152910],{"class":158},"single",[50,152912,186],{"class":64},[1112,152914,152916],{"id":152915},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152918,152783],{},[41,152920,152922],{"className":43,"code":152921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152923,152924,152956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152925,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152927,1818],{"class":56},[50,152929,61],{"class":60},[50,152931,11191],{"class":64},[50,152933,69],{"class":68},[50,152935,335],{"class":72},[50,152937,69],{"class":68},[50,152939,1408],{"class":64},[50,152941,6212],{"class":111},[50,152943,78],{"class":64},[50,152945,81],{"class":68},[50,152947,344],{"class":72},[50,152949,69],{"class":68},[50,152951,1408],{"class":64},[50,152953,314],{"class":111},[50,152955,1445],{"class":64},[50,152957,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,152959,366],{"class":151},[50,152961,155],{"class":64},[50,152963,49629],{"class":371},[50,152965,155],{"class":64},[50,152967,1845],{"class":158},[50,152969,1077],{"class":64},[20,152971,152972],{},"returns only the keys:",[41,152974,152976],{"className":43,"code":152975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152977,152978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152981,155],{"class":64},[50,152983,413],{"class":68},[50,152985,335],{"class":72},[50,152987,413],{"class":68},[50,152989,78],{"class":64},[50,152991,408],{"class":68},[50,152993,344],{"class":72},[50,152995,413],{"class":68},[50,152997,186],{"class":64},[20,152999,153000],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[41,153002,153004],{"className":43,"code":153003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,153005,153006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153007,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153009,366],{"class":151},[50,153011,155],{"class":64},[50,153013,49629],{"class":371},[50,153015,155],{"class":64},[50,153017,1845],{"class":158},[50,153019,838],{"class":64},[50,153021,8522],{"class":158},[50,153023,7003],{"class":64},[1112,153025,153027],{"id":153026},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,153029,153030,153031,153033],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,153032,38724],{}," conversion.",[20,153035,6186],{},[41,153037,153039],{"className":43,"code":153038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,153040,153041,153061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153042,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153044,3171],{"class":56},[50,153046,61],{"class":60},[50,153048,419],{"class":64},[50,153050,309],{"class":111},[50,153052,78],{"class":64},[50,153054,314],{"class":111},[50,153056,78],{"class":64},[50,153058,319],{"class":111},[50,153060,186],{"class":64},[50,153062,153063,153065,153067,153069],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153064,366],{"class":151},[50,153066,155],{"class":64},[50,153068,3197],{"class":158},[50,153070,186],{"class":64},[20,153072,153073],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,153075,26196,153076,153078],{},[15,153077,38724],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[36,153080,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,153082,153084],{"id":153083},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,153086,153087],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1112,153089,153091],{"id":153090},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,153093,153094,153095,838],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,153096,8079],{},[1112,153098,153100],{"id":153099},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,153102,153103],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1112,153105,153107],{"id":153106},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,153109,153110],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1112,153112,153114],{"id":153113},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,153116,153117,153118,838],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,153119,3727],{},[36,153121,2610],{"id":2609},[233,153123,153124,153128,153132,153136,153140,153144],{},[236,153125,153126],{},[335,153127,148650],{"href":148649},[236,153129,153130],{},[335,153131,151577],{"href":149953},[236,153133,153134],{},[335,153135,105718],{"href":60734},[236,153137,153138],{},[335,153139,152306],{"href":152305},[236,153141,153142],{},[335,153143,64229],{"href":64228},[236,153145,153146],{},[335,153147,62970],{"href":53277},[2640,153149,153150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":153152},[153153,153154,153155,153156,153157,153164,153165,153166,153167,153173,153180],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":151780,"depth":101,"text":151781},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":150326,"depth":101,"text":150327},{"id":151949,"depth":101,"text":151950,"children":153158},[153159,153160,153161,153162,153163],{"id":151953,"depth":127,"text":151954},{"id":152041,"depth":127,"text":152042},{"id":152140,"depth":127,"text":152141},{"id":152220,"depth":127,"text":152221},{"id":152309,"depth":127,"text":152310},{"id":152414,"depth":101,"text":152415},{"id":152584,"depth":101,"text":152585},{"id":152678,"depth":101,"text":152679},{"id":115981,"depth":101,"text":115982,"children":153168},[153169,153170,153171,153172],{"id":152728,"depth":127,"text":152729},{"id":152779,"depth":127,"text":152780},{"id":152915,"depth":127,"text":152916},{"id":153026,"depth":127,"text":153027},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":153174},[153175,153176,153177,153178,153179],{"id":153083,"depth":127,"text":153084},{"id":153090,"depth":127,"text":153091},{"id":153099,"depth":127,"text":153100},{"id":153106,"depth":127,"text":153107},{"id":153113,"depth":127,"text":153114},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151635,"description":153181},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153188,"title":153189,"body":153190,"description":154603,"extension":2687,"meta":154604,"navigation":130,"path":154605,"seo":154606,"stem":154607,"__hash__":154608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153191,"toc":154575},[153192,153197,153202,153205,153207,153286,153292,153297,153301,153316,153318,153365,153367,153375,153383,153389,153391,153396,153416,153419,153446,153448,153472,153474,153616,153618,153622,153630,153633,153635,153712,153714,153722,153726,153730,153740,153750,153752,153757,153759,153818,153823,153825,153925,153927,153941,153946,153952,153959,153962,153964,154074,154078,154095,154097,154160,154162,154170,154182,154186,154191,154219,154222,154304,154306,154317,154319,154323,154350,154352,154354,154434,154442,154444,154499,154501,154506,154509,154513,154517,154519,154523,154527,154535,154542,154545,154547,154572],[10,153193,148534,153195,12024],{"id":153194},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,153196,59646],{},[20,153198,153199,153201],{},[15,153200,149855],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,153203,153204],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[36,153206,39],{"id":38},[41,153208,153210],{"className":43,"code":153209,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,153211,153212,153252,153274],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153213,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153215,13779],{"class":56},[50,153217,61],{"class":60},[50,153219,419],{"class":64},[50,153221,69],{"class":68},[50,153223,13796],{"class":72},[50,153225,69],{"class":68},[50,153227,78],{"class":64},[50,153229,81],{"class":68},[50,153231,13813],{"class":72},[50,153233,69],{"class":68},[50,153235,78],{"class":64},[50,153237,81],{"class":68},[50,153239,18154],{"class":72},[50,153241,69],{"class":68},[50,153243,78],{"class":64},[50,153245,81],{"class":68},[50,153247,13813],{"class":72},[50,153249,69],{"class":68},[50,153251,186],{"class":64},[50,153253,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153255,65597],{"class":56},[50,153257,61],{"class":60},[50,153259,13827],{"class":56},[50,153261,838],{"class":64},[50,153263,2536],{"class":158},[50,153265,155],{"class":64},[50,153267,69],{"class":68},[50,153269,13813],{"class":72},[50,153271,69],{"class":68},[50,153273,186],{"class":64},[50,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,153277,366],{"class":151},[50,153279,155],{"class":64},[50,153281,65624],{"class":158},[50,153283,4382],{"class":64},[50,153285,28470],{"class":4385},[20,153287,153288,153291],{},[15,153289,153290],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[36,153293,228,153295,231],{"id":153294},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153296,149855],{},[20,153298,2704,153299,12115],{},[15,153300,59646],{},[233,153302,153303,153306,153308,153311],{},[236,153304,153305],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[236,153307,129134],{},[236,153309,153310],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[236,153312,153313,153314],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153315,2842],{},[20,153317,2931],{},[41,153319,153321],{"className":43,"code":153320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153322,153323,153347],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153326,302],{"class":56},[50,153328,61],{"class":60},[50,153330,419],{"class":64},[50,153332,1868],{"class":111},[50,153334,78],{"class":64},[50,153336,1873],{"class":111},[50,153338,78],{"class":64},[50,153340,1878],{"class":111},[50,153342,78],{"class":64},[50,153344,1873],{"class":111},[50,153346,186],{"class":64},[50,153348,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153350,366],{"class":151},[50,153352,155],{"class":64},[50,153354,381],{"class":158},[50,153356,838],{"class":64},[50,153358,2536],{"class":158},[50,153360,155],{"class":64},[50,153362,16457],{"class":111},[50,153364,1077],{"class":64},[20,153366,189],{},[41,153368,153369],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,153370,153371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153372,153373],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153374,47592],{"class":111},[20,153376,21676,153377,153379,153380,153382],{},[15,153378,16457],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153381,59646],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153384,151801,153385,838],{},[335,153386,153388],{"href":153387},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[36,153390,256],{"id":255},[20,153392,8476,153393,153395],{},[15,153394,59646],{}," in two ways:",[41,153397,153399],{"className":43,"code":153398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153400,153401],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153402,153403,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153404,153405],{"class":56},"tuple_name",[50,153407,838],{"class":64},[50,153409,2536],{"class":158},[50,153411,155],{"class":64},[50,153413,3197],{"class":158},[50,153415,186],{"class":64},[20,153417,153418],{},"or:",[41,153420,153422],{"className":43,"code":153421,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153423,153424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153425,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153427,153405],{"class":56},[50,153429,838],{"class":64},[50,153431,2536],{"class":158},[50,153433,155],{"class":64},[50,153435,3197],{"class":158},[50,153437,78],{"class":64},[50,153439,36729],{"class":158},[50,153441,78],{"class":64},[50,153443,65718],{"class":158},[50,153445,186],{"class":64},[1112,153447,18093],{"id":18092},[233,153449,153450,153455,153460,153465],{},[236,153451,153452,153454],{},[15,153453,3197],{}," — the item to search for",[236,153456,153457,153459],{},[15,153458,36750],{}," — optional starting position",[236,153461,153462,153464],{},[15,153463,53338],{}," — optional ending position",[236,153466,153467,5503,153469,153471],{},[15,153468,53338],{},[4465,153470,65747],{}," in the search",[20,153473,2931],{},[41,153475,153477],{"className":43,"code":153476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153478,153479,153527,153531,153556,153584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153480,153481,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153482,326],{"class":56},[50,153484,61],{"class":60},[50,153486,419],{"class":64},[50,153488,69],{"class":68},[50,153490,335],{"class":72},[50,153492,69],{"class":68},[50,153494,78],{"class":64},[50,153496,81],{"class":68},[50,153498,344],{"class":72},[50,153500,69],{"class":68},[50,153502,78],{"class":64},[50,153504,81],{"class":68},[50,153506,353],{"class":72},[50,153508,69],{"class":68},[50,153510,78],{"class":64},[50,153512,81],{"class":68},[50,153514,344],{"class":72},[50,153516,69],{"class":68},[50,153518,78],{"class":64},[50,153520,81],{"class":68},[50,153522,19466],{"class":72},[50,153524,69],{"class":68},[50,153526,186],{"class":64},[50,153528,153529],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153530,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,153532,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551,153553],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,153534,366],{"class":151},[50,153536,155],{"class":64},[50,153538,36820],{"class":158},[50,153540,838],{"class":64},[50,153542,2536],{"class":158},[50,153544,155],{"class":64},[50,153546,69],{"class":68},[50,153548,344],{"class":72},[50,153550,69],{"class":68},[50,153552,6075],{"class":64},[50,153554,153555],{"class":4385},"        # 1\n",[50,153557,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,153559,366],{"class":151},[50,153561,155],{"class":64},[50,153563,36820],{"class":158},[50,153565,838],{"class":64},[50,153567,2536],{"class":158},[50,153569,155],{"class":64},[50,153571,69],{"class":68},[50,153573,344],{"class":72},[50,153575,69],{"class":68},[50,153577,78],{"class":64},[50,153579,314],{"class":111},[50,153581,6075],{"class":64},[50,153583,51595],{"class":4385},[50,153585,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,153587,366],{"class":151},[50,153589,155],{"class":64},[50,153591,36820],{"class":158},[50,153593,838],{"class":64},[50,153595,2536],{"class":158},[50,153597,155],{"class":64},[50,153599,69],{"class":68},[50,153601,344],{"class":72},[50,153603,69],{"class":68},[50,153605,78],{"class":64},[50,153607,6212],{"class":111},[50,153609,78],{"class":64},[50,153611,319],{"class":111},[50,153613,6075],{"class":64},[50,153615,28470],{"class":4385},[36,153617,104045],{"id":104044},[20,153619,153620,26199],{},[15,153621,149855],{},[233,153623,153624,153627],{},[236,153625,153626],{},"An integer",[236,153628,153629],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153631,153632],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153634,2931],{},[41,153636,153638],{"className":43,"code":153637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153639,153640,153680,153702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153641,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153643,109144],{"class":56},[50,153645,61],{"class":60},[50,153647,419],{"class":64},[50,153649,69],{"class":68},[50,153651,37724],{"class":72},[50,153653,69],{"class":68},[50,153655,78],{"class":64},[50,153657,81],{"class":68},[50,153659,58805],{"class":72},[50,153661,69],{"class":68},[50,153663,78],{"class":64},[50,153665,81],{"class":68},[50,153667,58822],{"class":72},[50,153669,69],{"class":68},[50,153671,78],{"class":64},[50,153673,81],{"class":68},[50,153675,58805],{"class":72},[50,153677,69],{"class":68},[50,153679,186],{"class":64},[50,153681,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153683,2954],{"class":56},[50,153685,61],{"class":60},[50,153687,109187],{"class":56},[50,153689,838],{"class":64},[50,153691,2536],{"class":158},[50,153693,155],{"class":64},[50,153695,69],{"class":68},[50,153697,58805],{"class":72},[50,153699,69],{"class":68},[50,153701,186],{"class":64},[50,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,153705,366],{"class":151},[50,153707,155],{"class":64},[50,153709,2989],{"class":158},[50,153711,186],{"class":64},[20,153713,189],{},[41,153715,153716],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,153717,153718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153719,153720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153721,47592],{"class":111},[36,153723,153725],{"id":153724},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153727,221,153728,11302],{},[15,153729,149855],{},[233,153731,153732,153734,153737],{},[236,153733,66776],{},[236,153735,153736],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[236,153738,153739],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153741,153742,153743,153746,153747,838],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153744,153745],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[335,153748,150323],{"href":153749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[36,153751,66308],{"id":66307},[20,153753,153754,153755,838],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153756,41381],{},[20,153758,2931],{},[41,153760,153762],{"className":43,"code":153761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153763,153764,153796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153765,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153767,13779],{"class":56},[50,153769,61],{"class":60},[50,153771,419],{"class":64},[50,153773,69],{"class":68},[50,153775,13796],{"class":72},[50,153777,69],{"class":68},[50,153779,78],{"class":64},[50,153781,81],{"class":68},[50,153783,13813],{"class":72},[50,153785,69],{"class":68},[50,153787,78],{"class":64},[50,153789,81],{"class":68},[50,153791,18154],{"class":72},[50,153793,69],{"class":68},[50,153795,186],{"class":64},[50,153797,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153799,366],{"class":151},[50,153801,155],{"class":64},[50,153803,18201],{"class":158},[50,153805,838],{"class":64},[50,153807,2536],{"class":158},[50,153809,155],{"class":64},[50,153811,69],{"class":68},[50,153813,23218],{"class":72},[50,153815,69],{"class":68},[50,153817,1077],{"class":64},[20,153819,40330,153820,153822],{},[15,153821,110469],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153824,66383],{},[41,153826,153828],{"className":43,"code":153827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153829,153830,153862,153866,153882,153904,153910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153831,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153833,13779],{"class":56},[50,153835,61],{"class":60},[50,153837,419],{"class":64},[50,153839,69],{"class":68},[50,153841,13796],{"class":72},[50,153843,69],{"class":68},[50,153845,78],{"class":64},[50,153847,81],{"class":68},[50,153849,13813],{"class":72},[50,153851,69],{"class":68},[50,153853,78],{"class":64},[50,153855,81],{"class":68},[50,153857,18154],{"class":72},[50,153859,69],{"class":68},[50,153861,186],{"class":64},[50,153863,153864],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,153865,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,153867,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,153869,7711],{"class":137},[50,153871,81],{"class":68},[50,153873,23218],{"class":72},[50,153875,69],{"class":68},[50,153877,21872],{"class":60},[50,153879,13827],{"class":56},[50,153881,2229],{"class":64},[50,153883,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,153885,173],{"class":151},[50,153887,155],{"class":64},[50,153889,18201],{"class":158},[50,153891,838],{"class":64},[50,153893,2536],{"class":158},[50,153895,155],{"class":64},[50,153897,69],{"class":68},[50,153899,23218],{"class":72},[50,153901,69],{"class":68},[50,153903,1077],{"class":64},[50,153905,153906,153908],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,153907,28124],{"class":137},[50,153909,2229],{"class":64},[50,153911,153912,153914,153916,153918,153921,153923],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,153913,173],{"class":151},[50,153915,155],{"class":64},[50,153917,69],{"class":68},[50,153919,153920],{"class":72},"Value not found",[50,153922,69],{"class":68},[50,153924,186],{"class":64},[20,153926,189],{},[41,153928,153930],{"className":43,"code":153929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Value not found\n",[15,153931,153932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153933,153934,153937,153939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153935,153936],{"class":56},"Value ",[50,153938,5351],{"class":60},[50,153940,66507],{"class":56},[20,153942,153943,153944,838],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[335,153945,66517],{"href":66516},[36,153947,2447,153948,827,153950],{"id":66084},[15,153949,36750],{},[15,153951,53338],{},[20,153953,2704,153954,827,153956,153958],{},[15,153955,36750],{},[15,153957,53338],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153960,153961],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153963,2931],{},[41,153965,153967],{"className":43,"code":153966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153968,153969,153997,154001,154022,154046],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153970,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153972,1321],{"class":56},[50,153974,61],{"class":60},[50,153976,419],{"class":64},[50,153978,2859],{"class":111},[50,153980,78],{"class":64},[50,153982,6717],{"class":111},[50,153984,78],{"class":64},[50,153986,5325],{"class":111},[50,153988,78],{"class":64},[50,153990,1873],{"class":111},[50,153992,78],{"class":64},[50,153994,5325],{"class":111},[50,153996,186],{"class":64},[50,153998,153999],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154000,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154002,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154004,366],{"class":151},[50,154006,155],{"class":64},[50,154008,6072],{"class":158},[50,154010,838],{"class":64},[50,154012,2536],{"class":158},[50,154014,155],{"class":64},[50,154016,2859],{"class":111},[50,154018,6075],{"class":64},[50,154020,154021],{"class":4385},"        # 0\n",[50,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154025,366],{"class":151},[50,154027,155],{"class":64},[50,154029,6072],{"class":158},[50,154031,838],{"class":64},[50,154033,2536],{"class":158},[50,154035,155],{"class":64},[50,154037,2859],{"class":111},[50,154039,78],{"class":64},[50,154041,6212],{"class":111},[50,154043,6075],{"class":64},[50,154045,51629],{"class":4385},[50,154047,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,154049,366],{"class":151},[50,154051,155],{"class":64},[50,154053,6072],{"class":158},[50,154055,838],{"class":64},[50,154057,2536],{"class":158},[50,154059,155],{"class":64},[50,154061,2859],{"class":111},[50,154063,78],{"class":64},[50,154065,319],{"class":111},[50,154067,78],{"class":64},[50,154069,5325],{"class":111},[50,154071,6075],{"class":64},[50,154073,51612],{"class":4385},[1112,154075,154077],{"id":154076},"how-it-works","How it works",[233,154079,154080,154085,154090],{},[236,154081,154082,154084],{},[15,154083,36750],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[236,154086,154087,154089],{},[15,154088,53338],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[236,154091,2704,154092,154094],{},[15,154093,53338],{}," position itself is not included",[20,154096,2931],{},[41,154098,154100],{"className":43,"code":154099,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,154101,154102,154130,154134],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154103,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154105,1321],{"class":56},[50,154107,61],{"class":60},[50,154109,419],{"class":64},[50,154111,2859],{"class":111},[50,154113,78],{"class":64},[50,154115,6717],{"class":111},[50,154117,78],{"class":64},[50,154119,5325],{"class":111},[50,154121,78],{"class":64},[50,154123,1873],{"class":111},[50,154125,78],{"class":64},[50,154127,5325],{"class":111},[50,154129,186],{"class":64},[50,154131,154132],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154133,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154135,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154137,366],{"class":151},[50,154139,155],{"class":64},[50,154141,6072],{"class":158},[50,154143,838],{"class":64},[50,154145,2536],{"class":158},[50,154147,155],{"class":64},[50,154149,2859],{"class":111},[50,154151,78],{"class":64},[50,154153,6212],{"class":111},[50,154155,78],{"class":64},[50,154157,3181],{"class":111},[50,154159,1077],{"class":64},[20,154161,189],{},[41,154163,154164],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,154165,154166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154167,154168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154169,17756],{"class":111},[20,154171,154172,154173,2912,154175,17772,154177,154179,154180,838],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,154174,309],{},[15,154176,422],{},[15,154178,437],{},", but not ",[15,154181,1089],{},[36,154183,154185],{"id":154184},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,154187,154188,154189,1408],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,154190,149855],{},[233,154192,154193,154201,154206,154213],{},[236,154194,154195,154196,154198,154199],{},"Do not confuse the ",[4465,154197,3197],{}," with the ",[4465,154200,2536],{},[236,154202,154203,154204],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,154205,2842],{},[236,154207,221,154208,154212],{},[335,154209,149881,154210,11442],{"href":149933},[15,154211,57968],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[236,154214,154215,154216,154218],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154217,153745],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154220,154221],{},"Example of value vs index:",[41,154223,154225],{"className":43,"code":154224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154226,154227,154259,154263,154287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154228,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154230,36916],{"class":56},[50,154232,61],{"class":60},[50,154234,419],{"class":64},[50,154236,69],{"class":68},[50,154238,4797],{"class":72},[50,154240,69],{"class":68},[50,154242,78],{"class":64},[50,154244,81],{"class":68},[50,154246,4806],{"class":72},[50,154248,69],{"class":68},[50,154250,78],{"class":64},[50,154252,81],{"class":68},[50,154254,33905],{"class":72},[50,154256,69],{"class":68},[50,154258,186],{"class":64},[50,154260,154261],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154262,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154264,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154266,366],{"class":151},[50,154268,155],{"class":64},[50,154270,36968],{"class":158},[50,154272,838],{"class":64},[50,154274,2536],{"class":158},[50,154276,155],{"class":64},[50,154278,69],{"class":68},[50,154280,4806],{"class":72},[50,154282,69],{"class":68},[50,154284,6075],{"class":64},[50,154286,28470],{"class":4385},[50,154288,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154290,366],{"class":151},[50,154292,155],{"class":64},[50,154294,36968],{"class":158},[50,154296,4620],{"class":64},[50,154298,309],{"class":111},[50,154300,21144],{"class":64},[50,154302,154303],{"class":4385},"               # banana\n",[20,154305,2901],{},[233,154307,154308,154312],{},[236,154309,154310,15949],{},[15,154311,65952],{},[236,154313,154314,154316],{},[15,154315,309],{}," is the index",[36,154318,3553],{"id":3552},[20,154320,106783,154321,1408],{},[15,154322,149855],{},[233,154324,154325,154328,154333,154338,154345],{},[236,154326,154327],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[236,154329,2120,154330,154332],{},[15,154331,59646],{}," to return all matching positions",[236,154334,154335,154336],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154337,2842],{},[236,154339,154340,154341,827,154343],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154342,36750],{},[15,154344,53338],{},[236,154346,37881,154347,154349],{},[15,154348,149855],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1112,154351,61389],{"id":61388},[20,154353,95045],{},[41,154355,154357],{"className":43,"code":154356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154358,154359,154369,154383,154398,154416],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154360,154361,154363,154365,154367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154362,366],{"class":151},[50,154364,155],{"class":64},[50,154366,148668],{"class":158},[50,154368,186],{"class":64},[50,154370,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154372,366],{"class":151},[50,154374,155],{"class":64},[50,154376,1060],{"class":151},[50,154378,155],{"class":64},[50,154380,148668],{"class":158},[50,154382,1077],{"class":64},[50,154384,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154396],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154386,366],{"class":151},[50,154388,155],{"class":64},[50,154390,3171],{"class":158},[50,154392,148],{"class":137},[50,154394,154395],{"class":158}," my_tuple",[50,154397,186],{"class":64},[50,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154401,366],{"class":151},[50,154403,155],{"class":64},[50,154405,148668],{"class":158},[50,154407,838],{"class":64},[50,154409,41935],{"class":158},[50,154411,155],{"class":64},[50,154413,3197],{"class":158},[50,154415,1077],{"class":64},[50,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,154419,366],{"class":151},[50,154421,155],{"class":64},[50,154423,148668],{"class":158},[50,154425,838],{"class":64},[50,154427,2536],{"class":158},[50,154429,155],{"class":64},[50,154431,3197],{"class":158},[50,154433,1077],{"class":64},[20,154435,154436,154437,85065,154439,154441],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154438,41381],{},[15,154440,3197],{}," is missing.",[20,154443,130287],{},[41,154445,154447],{"className":43,"code":154446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154448,154449,154461,154479,154485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154450,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154452,7711],{"class":137},[50,154454,22283],{"class":56},[50,154456,148],{"class":60},[50,154458,154395],{"class":56},[50,154460,2229],{"class":64},[50,154462,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154464,173],{"class":151},[50,154466,155],{"class":64},[50,154468,148668],{"class":158},[50,154470,838],{"class":64},[50,154472,2536],{"class":158},[50,154474,155],{"class":64},[50,154476,3197],{"class":158},[50,154478,1077],{"class":64},[50,154480,154481,154483],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154482,28124],{"class":137},[50,154484,2229],{"class":64},[50,154486,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154488,173],{"class":151},[50,154490,155],{"class":64},[50,154492,69],{"class":68},[50,154494,153920],{"class":72},[50,154496,69],{"class":68},[50,154498,186],{"class":64},[36,154500,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,154502,2559,154504,13419],{"id":154503},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154505,149855],{},[20,154507,154508],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1112,154510,154512],{"id":154511},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154514,154515,153382],{},[15,154516,149855],{},[1112,154518,149834],{"id":149833},[20,154520,77531,154521,838],{},[15,154522,41381],{},[1112,154524,154526],{"id":154525},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154528,154529,154530,827,154532,154534],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154531,36750],{},[15,154533,53338],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1112,154536,15605,154538,57883,154540,2582],{"id":154537},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154539,149855],{},[15,154541,65543],{},[20,154543,154544],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[36,154546,2610],{"id":2609},[233,154548,154549,154555,154559,154564,154568],{},[236,154550,154551],{},[335,154552,149881,154553,11442],{"href":149933},[15,154554,57968],{},[236,154556,154557],{},[335,154558,150323],{"href":153749},[236,154560,154561],{},[335,154562,154563],{"href":151629},"Creating a tuple in Python",[236,154565,154566],{},[335,154567,66517],{"href":66516},[236,154569,154570],{},[335,154571,151577],{"href":153387},[2640,154573,154574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256,"children":154581},[154582],{"id":18092,"depth":127,"text":18093},{"id":104044,"depth":101,"text":104045},{"id":153724,"depth":101,"text":153725},{"id":66307,"depth":101,"text":66308},{"id":66084,"depth":101,"text":66867,"children":154587},[154588],{"id":154076,"depth":127,"text":154077},{"id":154184,"depth":101,"text":154185},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553,"children":154591},[154592],{"id":61388,"depth":127,"text":61389},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":154594},[154595,154597,154598,154599,154600],{"id":154503,"depth":127,"text":154596},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154511,"depth":127,"text":154512},{"id":149833,"depth":127,"text":149834},{"id":154525,"depth":127,"text":154526},{"id":154537,"depth":127,"text":154601},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153189,"description":154603},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154610,"title":154611,"body":154612,"description":156007,"extension":2687,"meta":156008,"navigation":130,"path":153749,"seo":156009,"stem":156010,"__hash__":156011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154613,"toc":155989},[154614,154617,154620,154623,154637,154639,154642,154736,154746,154752,154756,154759,154762,154764,154782,154784,154855,154857,154874,154878,154882,154885,154902,154905,154920,154922,155013,155016,155020,155023,155040,155042,155137,155140,155143,155147,155150,155244,155246,155265,155268,155272,155275,155277,155332,155334,155369,155372,155386,155394,155487,155496,155500,155503,155510,155513,155560,155562,155570,155573,155624,155626,155643,155648,155652,155655,155658,155660,155711,155714,155769,155772,155775,155777,155780,155800,155802,155875,155878,155891,155893,155897,155902,155906,155911,155928,155932,155935,155952,155956,155959,155961,155986],[10,154615,154611],{"id":154616},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154618,154619],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154621,154622],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[233,154624,154625,154628,154631,154634],{},[236,154626,154627],{},"positive indexes",[236,154629,154630],{},"negative indexes",[236,154632,154633],{},"common indexing mistakes",[236,154635,154636],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[36,154638,4331],{"id":4330},[20,154640,154641],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[41,154643,154645],{"className":43,"code":154644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154646,154647,154679,154683,154700,154717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154648,154649,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154650,13779],{"class":56},[50,154652,61],{"class":60},[50,154654,419],{"class":64},[50,154656,69],{"class":68},[50,154658,13796],{"class":72},[50,154660,69],{"class":68},[50,154662,78],{"class":64},[50,154664,81],{"class":68},[50,154666,18154],{"class":72},[50,154668,69],{"class":68},[50,154670,78],{"class":64},[50,154672,81],{"class":68},[50,154674,13813],{"class":72},[50,154676,69],{"class":68},[50,154678,186],{"class":64},[50,154680,154681],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154682,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154684,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154686,366],{"class":151},[50,154688,155],{"class":64},[50,154690,18201],{"class":158},[50,154692,4620],{"class":64},[50,154694,2842],{"class":111},[50,154696,21144],{"class":64},[50,154698,154699],{"class":4385},"   # red\n",[50,154701,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154703,366],{"class":151},[50,154705,155],{"class":64},[50,154707,18201],{"class":158},[50,154709,4620],{"class":64},[50,154711,309],{"class":111},[50,154713,21144],{"class":64},[50,154715,154716],{"class":4385},"   # green\n",[50,154718,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,154720,366],{"class":151},[50,154722,155],{"class":64},[50,154724,18201],{"class":158},[50,154726,4620],{"class":64},[50,154728,2746],{"class":60},[50,154730,309],{"class":111},[50,154732,21144],{"class":64},[50,154734,154735],{"class":4385},"  # blue\n",[233,154737,154738,154743],{},[236,154739,133075,154740,154742],{},[15,154741,2842],{}," is the first item.",[236,154744,154745],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154747,154748,154749,838],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[335,154750,154751],{"href":148653},"how to create a tuple in Python",[36,154753,154755],{"id":154754},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154757,154758],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154760,154761],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154763,12161],{},[233,154765,154766,154769,154776,154779],{},[236,154767,154768],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[236,154770,154771,154772,19662,154774],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154773,2842],{},[15,154775,309],{},[236,154777,154778],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[236,154780,154781],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154783,2931],{},[41,154785,154787],{"className":43,"code":154786,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154788,154789,154809,154813,154827,154841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154792,302],{"class":56},[50,154794,61],{"class":60},[50,154796,419],{"class":64},[50,154798,1868],{"class":111},[50,154800,78],{"class":64},[50,154802,1873],{"class":111},[50,154804,78],{"class":64},[50,154806,1878],{"class":111},[50,154808,186],{"class":64},[50,154810,154811],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154812,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154814,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154816,366],{"class":151},[50,154818,155],{"class":64},[50,154820,381],{"class":158},[50,154822,4620],{"class":64},[50,154824,2842],{"class":111},[50,154826,2210],{"class":64},[50,154828,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154830,366],{"class":151},[50,154832,155],{"class":64},[50,154834,381],{"class":158},[50,154836,4620],{"class":64},[50,154838,309],{"class":111},[50,154840,2210],{"class":64},[50,154842,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,154844,366],{"class":151},[50,154846,155],{"class":64},[50,154848,381],{"class":158},[50,154850,4620],{"class":64},[50,154852,422],{"class":111},[50,154854,2210],{"class":64},[20,154856,189],{},[41,154858,154860],{"className":43,"code":154859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154861,154862,154866,154870],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154863,154864],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154865,3100],{"class":111},[50,154867,154868],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154869,71897],{"class":111},[50,154871,154872],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154873,70514],{"class":111},[20,154875,60071,154876,838],{},[335,154877,148650],{"href":148649},[36,154879,154881],{"id":154880},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154883,154884],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[233,154886,154887,154892,154897],{},[236,154888,154889,154891],{},[15,154890,2842],{}," = first item",[236,154893,154894,154896],{},[15,154895,309],{}," = second item",[236,154898,154899,154901],{},[15,154900,422],{}," = third item",[20,154903,154904],{},"Pattern:",[41,154906,154908],{"className":43,"code":154907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154909,154910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154911,154912,154914,154916,154918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154913,153405],{"class":56},[50,154915,4620],{"class":64},[50,154917,2536],{"class":56},[50,154919,98],{"class":64},[20,154921,2931],{},[41,154923,154925],{"className":43,"code":154924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154926,154927,154959,154963,154980,154996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154928,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154930,36916],{"class":56},[50,154932,61],{"class":60},[50,154934,419],{"class":64},[50,154936,69],{"class":68},[50,154938,4797],{"class":72},[50,154940,69],{"class":68},[50,154942,78],{"class":64},[50,154944,81],{"class":68},[50,154946,4806],{"class":72},[50,154948,69],{"class":68},[50,154950,78],{"class":64},[50,154952,81],{"class":68},[50,154954,4815],{"class":72},[50,154956,69],{"class":68},[50,154958,186],{"class":64},[50,154960,154961],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,154962,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,154964,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975,154977],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,154966,366],{"class":151},[50,154968,155],{"class":64},[50,154970,36968],{"class":158},[50,154972,4620],{"class":64},[50,154974,2842],{"class":111},[50,154976,21144],{"class":64},[50,154978,154979],{"class":4385},"  # apple\n",[50,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,154983,366],{"class":151},[50,154985,155],{"class":64},[50,154987,36968],{"class":158},[50,154989,4620],{"class":64},[50,154991,309],{"class":111},[50,154993,21144],{"class":64},[50,154995,52163],{"class":4385},[50,154997,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,154999,366],{"class":151},[50,155001,155],{"class":64},[50,155003,36968],{"class":158},[50,155005,4620],{"class":64},[50,155007,422],{"class":111},[50,155009,21144],{"class":64},[50,155011,155012],{"class":4385},"  # cherry\n",[20,155014,155015],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[36,155017,155019],{"id":155018},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,155021,155022],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[233,155024,155025,155030,155035],{},[236,155026,155027,155029],{},[15,155028,66532],{}," = last item",[236,155031,155032,155034],{},[15,155033,96075],{}," = second-to-last item",[236,155036,155037,155039],{},[15,155038,48346],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,155041,2931],{},[41,155043,155045],{"className":43,"code":155044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,155046,155047,155079,155083,155101,155119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155048,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155050,36916],{"class":56},[50,155052,61],{"class":60},[50,155054,419],{"class":64},[50,155056,69],{"class":68},[50,155058,4797],{"class":72},[50,155060,69],{"class":68},[50,155062,78],{"class":64},[50,155064,81],{"class":68},[50,155066,4806],{"class":72},[50,155068,69],{"class":68},[50,155070,78],{"class":64},[50,155072,81],{"class":68},[50,155074,4815],{"class":72},[50,155076,69],{"class":68},[50,155078,186],{"class":64},[50,155080,155081],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155082,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155084,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155086,366],{"class":151},[50,155088,155],{"class":64},[50,155090,36968],{"class":158},[50,155092,4620],{"class":64},[50,155094,2746],{"class":60},[50,155096,309],{"class":111},[50,155098,21144],{"class":64},[50,155100,155012],{"class":4385},[50,155102,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,155104,366],{"class":151},[50,155106,155],{"class":64},[50,155108,36968],{"class":158},[50,155110,4620],{"class":64},[50,155112,2746],{"class":60},[50,155114,422],{"class":111},[50,155116,21144],{"class":64},[50,155118,52163],{"class":4385},[50,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,155122,366],{"class":151},[50,155124,155],{"class":64},[50,155126,36968],{"class":158},[50,155128,4620],{"class":64},[50,155130,2746],{"class":60},[50,155132,437],{"class":111},[50,155134,21144],{"class":64},[50,155136,154979],{"class":4385},[20,155138,155139],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,155141,155142],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[36,155144,155146],{"id":155145},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,155148,155149],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[41,155151,155153],{"className":43,"code":155152,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,155154,155155,155187,155191,155208,155225],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155156,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155158,57],{"class":56},[50,155160,61],{"class":60},[50,155162,419],{"class":64},[50,155164,69],{"class":68},[50,155166,73],{"class":72},[50,155168,69],{"class":68},[50,155170,78],{"class":64},[50,155172,81],{"class":68},[50,155174,84],{"class":72},[50,155176,69],{"class":68},[50,155178,78],{"class":64},[50,155180,81],{"class":68},[50,155182,93],{"class":72},[50,155184,69],{"class":68},[50,155186,186],{"class":64},[50,155188,155189],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155190,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155194,366],{"class":151},[50,155196,155],{"class":64},[50,155198,159],{"class":158},[50,155200,4620],{"class":64},[50,155202,2842],{"class":111},[50,155204,21144],{"class":64},[50,155206,155207],{"class":4385},"   # first item\n",[50,155209,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,155211,366],{"class":151},[50,155213,155],{"class":64},[50,155215,159],{"class":158},[50,155217,4620],{"class":64},[50,155219,309],{"class":111},[50,155221,21144],{"class":64},[50,155223,155224],{"class":4385},"   # middle item\n",[50,155226,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,155228,366],{"class":151},[50,155230,155],{"class":64},[50,155232,159],{"class":158},[50,155234,4620],{"class":64},[50,155236,2746],{"class":60},[50,155238,309],{"class":111},[50,155240,21144],{"class":64},[50,155242,155243],{"class":4385},"  # last item\n",[20,155245,189],{},[41,155247,155249],{"className":43,"code":155248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155250,155251,155255,155260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155252,155253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155254,50716],{"class":56},[50,155256,155257],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155258,155259],{"class":56},"Ben\n",[50,155261,155262],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155263,155264],{"class":56},"Cara\n",[20,155266,155267],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[36,155269,155271],{"id":155270},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155273,155274],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155276,2931],{},[41,155278,155280],{"className":43,"code":155279,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155281,155282,155314,155318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155283,155284,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155285,326],{"class":56},[50,155287,61],{"class":60},[50,155289,419],{"class":64},[50,155291,69],{"class":68},[50,155293,335],{"class":72},[50,155295,69],{"class":68},[50,155297,78],{"class":64},[50,155299,81],{"class":68},[50,155301,344],{"class":72},[50,155303,69],{"class":68},[50,155305,78],{"class":64},[50,155307,81],{"class":68},[50,155309,353],{"class":72},[50,155311,69],{"class":68},[50,155313,186],{"class":64},[50,155315,155316],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155317,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155319,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155321,366],{"class":151},[50,155323,155],{"class":64},[50,155325,36820],{"class":158},[50,155327,4620],{"class":64},[50,155329,2859],{"class":111},[50,155331,2210],{"class":64},[20,155333,189],{},[41,155335,155337],{"className":43,"code":155336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155338,155339,155351,155356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155340,155341,155344,155346,155349],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155342,155343],{"class":158},"Traceback ",[50,155345,155],{"class":64},[50,155347,155348],{"class":158},"most recent call last",[50,155350,167],{"class":64},[50,155352,155353],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155354,155355],{"class":35138},"  ...\n",[50,155357,155358,155360,155362,155364,155367],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155359,71404],{"class":371},[50,155361,1408],{"class":64},[50,155363,150016],{"class":371},[50,155365,155366],{"class":56}," index out of ",[50,155368,71596],{"class":151},[20,155370,155371],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[233,155373,155374,155378,155382],{},[236,155375,155376],{},[15,155377,2842],{},[236,155379,155380],{},[15,155381,309],{},[236,155383,155384],{},[15,155385,422],{},[20,155387,155388,155389,838],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[335,155390,155391,155393],{"href":149888},[15,155392,43037],{}," on a tuple",[41,155395,155397],{"className":43,"code":155396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155398,155399,155431,155435,155451,155455,155473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155400,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155402,326],{"class":56},[50,155404,61],{"class":60},[50,155406,419],{"class":64},[50,155408,69],{"class":68},[50,155410,335],{"class":72},[50,155412,69],{"class":68},[50,155414,78],{"class":64},[50,155416,81],{"class":68},[50,155418,344],{"class":72},[50,155420,69],{"class":68},[50,155422,78],{"class":64},[50,155424,81],{"class":68},[50,155426,353],{"class":72},[50,155428,69],{"class":68},[50,155430,186],{"class":64},[50,155432,155433],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155434,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155436,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155438,366],{"class":151},[50,155440,155],{"class":64},[50,155442,1060],{"class":151},[50,155444,155],{"class":64},[50,155446,36820],{"class":158},[50,155448,6075],{"class":64},[50,155450,51447],{"class":4385},[50,155452,155453],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,155454,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,155458,7711],{"class":137},[50,155460,1069],{"class":151},[50,155462,155],{"class":64},[50,155464,36820],{"class":158},[50,155466,4382],{"class":64},[50,155468,39072],{"class":60},[50,155470,314],{"class":111},[50,155472,2229],{"class":64},[50,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,155476,173],{"class":151},[50,155478,155],{"class":64},[50,155480,36820],{"class":158},[50,155482,4620],{"class":64},[50,155484,422],{"class":111},[50,155486,2210],{"class":64},[20,155488,155489,155490,838],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[335,155491,26370,155493],{"href":155492},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155494,155495],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[36,155497,155499],{"id":155498},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155501,155502],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[233,155504,155505,155507],{},[236,155506,77548],{},[236,155508,155509],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155511,155512],{},"Indexing example:",[41,155514,155516],{"className":43,"code":155515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155517,155518,155542,155546],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155519,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155521,302],{"class":56},[50,155523,61],{"class":60},[50,155525,419],{"class":64},[50,155527,1868],{"class":111},[50,155529,78],{"class":64},[50,155531,1873],{"class":111},[50,155533,78],{"class":64},[50,155535,1878],{"class":111},[50,155537,78],{"class":64},[50,155539,51520],{"class":111},[50,155541,186],{"class":64},[50,155543,155544],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155545,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155547,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556,155558],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155549,366],{"class":151},[50,155551,155],{"class":64},[50,155553,381],{"class":158},[50,155555,4620],{"class":64},[50,155557,309],{"class":111},[50,155559,2210],{"class":64},[20,155561,189],{},[41,155563,155564],{"className":43,"code":71897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155565,155566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155567,155568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155569,71897],{"class":111},[20,155571,155572],{},"Slicing example:",[41,155574,155576],{"className":43,"code":155575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155577,155578,155602,155606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155579,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155581,302],{"class":56},[50,155583,61],{"class":60},[50,155585,419],{"class":64},[50,155587,1868],{"class":111},[50,155589,78],{"class":64},[50,155591,1873],{"class":111},[50,155593,78],{"class":64},[50,155595,1878],{"class":111},[50,155597,78],{"class":64},[50,155599,51520],{"class":111},[50,155601,186],{"class":64},[50,155603,155604],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155605,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,155607,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155609,366],{"class":151},[50,155611,155],{"class":64},[50,155613,381],{"class":158},[50,155615,4620],{"class":64},[50,155617,309],{"class":111},[50,155619,1408],{"class":64},[50,155621,437],{"class":111},[50,155623,2210],{"class":64},[20,155625,189],{},[41,155627,155629],{"className":43,"code":155628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155630,155631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155632,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155634,155],{"class":64},[50,155636,16457],{"class":111},[50,155638,78],{"class":64},[50,155640,1878],{"class":111},[50,155642,186],{"class":64},[20,155644,155645,155646,838],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[335,155647,151567],{"href":151566},[36,155649,155651],{"id":155650},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155653,155654],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155656,155657],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155659,7401],{},[41,155661,155663],{"className":43,"code":155662,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155664,155665,155697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155666,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155668,13779],{"class":56},[50,155670,61],{"class":60},[50,155672,419],{"class":64},[50,155674,69],{"class":68},[50,155676,13796],{"class":72},[50,155678,69],{"class":68},[50,155680,78],{"class":64},[50,155682,81],{"class":68},[50,155684,18154],{"class":72},[50,155686,69],{"class":68},[50,155688,78],{"class":64},[50,155690,81],{"class":68},[50,155692,13813],{"class":72},[50,155694,69],{"class":68},[50,155696,186],{"class":64},[50,155698,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155700,366],{"class":151},[50,155702,155],{"class":64},[50,155704,18201],{"class":158},[50,155706,4620],{"class":64},[50,155708,309],{"class":111},[50,155710,2210],{"class":64},[20,155712,155713],{},"But this does not work:",[41,155715,155717],{"className":43,"code":155716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155718,155719,155751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155720,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155722,13779],{"class":56},[50,155724,61],{"class":60},[50,155726,419],{"class":64},[50,155728,69],{"class":68},[50,155730,13796],{"class":72},[50,155732,69],{"class":68},[50,155734,78],{"class":64},[50,155736,81],{"class":68},[50,155738,18154],{"class":72},[50,155740,69],{"class":68},[50,155742,78],{"class":64},[50,155744,81],{"class":68},[50,155746,13813],{"class":72},[50,155748,69],{"class":68},[50,155750,186],{"class":64},[50,155752,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155754,18201],{"class":56},[50,155756,4620],{"class":64},[50,155758,309],{"class":111},[50,155760,13976],{"class":64},[50,155762,13979],{"class":60},[50,155764,81],{"class":68},[50,155766,23218],{"class":72},[50,155768,4082],{"class":68},[20,155770,155771],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155773,155774],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[36,155776,3553],{"id":3552},[20,155778,155779],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[233,155781,155782,155788,155791,155794],{},[236,155783,133379,155784,11794,155786],{},[15,155785,309],{},[15,155787,2842],{},[236,155789,155790],{},"Using an index that is too large",[236,155792,155793],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[236,155795,155796,155797],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155798,155799],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155801,62974],{},[41,155803,155805],{"className":43,"code":155804,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155806,155807,155817,155831,155845,155861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155808,155809,155811,155813,155815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155810,366],{"class":151},[50,155812,155],{"class":64},[50,155814,148668],{"class":158},[50,155816,186],{"class":64},[50,155818,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,155820,366],{"class":151},[50,155822,155],{"class":64},[50,155824,1060],{"class":151},[50,155826,155],{"class":64},[50,155828,148668],{"class":158},[50,155830,1077],{"class":64},[50,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,155834,366],{"class":151},[50,155836,155],{"class":64},[50,155838,148668],{"class":158},[50,155840,4620],{"class":64},[50,155842,2842],{"class":111},[50,155844,2210],{"class":64},[50,155846,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,155848,366],{"class":151},[50,155850,155],{"class":64},[50,155852,148668],{"class":158},[50,155854,4620],{"class":64},[50,155856,2746],{"class":60},[50,155858,309],{"class":111},[50,155860,2210],{"class":64},[50,155862,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,155864,366],{"class":151},[50,155866,155],{"class":64},[50,155868,3945],{"class":371},[50,155870,155],{"class":64},[50,155872,148668],{"class":158},[50,155874,1077],{"class":64},[20,155876,155877],{},"These can help you confirm:",[233,155879,155880,155883,155885,155888],{},[236,155881,155882],{},"what the tuple contains",[236,155884,61463],{},[236,155886,155887],{},"what the first and last items are",[236,155889,155890],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[36,155892,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,155894,155896],{"id":155895},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155898,155899,155900,838],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155901,2842],{},[1112,155903,155905],{"id":155904},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155907,221,155908,155910],{},[15,155909,66532],{}," as the index:",[41,155912,155914],{"className":43,"code":155913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155915,155916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155917,155918,155920,155922,155924,155926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155919,148668],{"class":56},[50,155921,4620],{"class":64},[50,155923,2746],{"class":60},[50,155925,309],{"class":111},[50,155927,98],{"class":64},[1112,155929,155931],{"id":155930},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155933,155934],{},"Python raises:",[41,155936,155938],{"className":43,"code":155937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155939,155940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155941,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155943,71404],{"class":371},[50,155945,1408],{"class":64},[50,155947,150016],{"class":371},[50,155949,155366],{"class":56},[50,155951,71596],{"class":151},[1112,155953,155955],{"id":155954},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155957,155958],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[36,155960,2610],{"id":2609},[233,155962,155963,155968,155972,155976,155982],{},[236,155964,155965],{},[335,155966,155967],{"href":148653},"How to create a tuple in Python",[236,155969,155970],{},[335,155971,151567],{"href":151566},[236,155973,155974],{},[335,155975,151572],{"href":149888},[236,155977,155978],{},[335,155979,26813,155980],{"href":155492},[15,155981,155495],{},[236,155983,155984],{},[335,155985,148650],{"href":148649},[2640,155987,155988],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":155990},[155991,155992,155993,155994,155995,155996,155997,155998,155999,156000,156006],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":154754,"depth":101,"text":154755},{"id":154880,"depth":101,"text":154881},{"id":155018,"depth":101,"text":155019},{"id":155145,"depth":101,"text":155146},{"id":155270,"depth":101,"text":155271},{"id":155498,"depth":101,"text":155499},{"id":155650,"depth":101,"text":155651},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":156001},[156002,156003,156004,156005],{"id":155895,"depth":127,"text":155896},{"id":155904,"depth":127,"text":155905},{"id":155930,"depth":127,"text":155931},{"id":155954,"depth":127,"text":155955},{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154611,"description":156007},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":156013,"title":156014,"body":156015,"description":157904,"extension":2687,"meta":157905,"navigation":130,"path":157906,"seo":157907,"stem":157908,"__hash__":157909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":156016,"toc":157861},[156017,156023,156028,156079,156083,156091,156097,156099,156115,156117,156120,156135,156137,156150,156152,156209,156213,156221,156228,156234,156240,156244,156295,156299,156307,156311,156340,156344,156352,156356,156389,156393,156401,156405,156408,156459,156463,156471,156473,156490,156494,156498,156557,156561,156569,156572,156599,156603,156611,156615,156621,156696,156700,156737,156745,156749,156812,156816,156824,156829,156833,156839,156882,156886,156894,156900,156903,156950,156954,156962,156971,156977,157032,157036,157044,157047,157051,157053,157084,157088,157107,157110,157155,157159,157182,157188,157193,157195,157242,157247,157250,157298,157302,157310,157314,157319,157323,157373,157377,157392,157396,157454,157458,157473,157477,157548,157552,157561,157565,157644,157648,157670,157678,157680,157683,157708,157710,157763,157765,157782,157784,157788,157794,157799,157804,157808,157813,157817,157822,157828,157831,157833,157858],[10,156018,156020,156021,4382],{"id":156019},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,156022,1060],{},[20,156024,221,156025,156027],{},[15,156026,43037],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[41,156029,156031],{"className":43,"code":156030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156032,156033,156065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156036,13779],{"class":56},[50,156038,61],{"class":60},[50,156040,419],{"class":64},[50,156042,69],{"class":68},[50,156044,13796],{"class":72},[50,156046,69],{"class":68},[50,156048,78],{"class":64},[50,156050,81],{"class":68},[50,156052,18154],{"class":72},[50,156054,69],{"class":68},[50,156056,78],{"class":64},[50,156058,81],{"class":68},[50,156060,13813],{"class":72},[50,156062,69],{"class":68},[50,156064,186],{"class":64},[50,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156068,366],{"class":151},[50,156070,155],{"class":64},[50,156072,1060],{"class":151},[50,156074,155],{"class":64},[50,156076,18201],{"class":158},[50,156078,1077],{"class":64},[20,156080,156081],{},[4465,156082,189],{},[41,156084,156085],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156086,156087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156088,156089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156090,47292],{"class":111},[20,156092,221,156093,156096],{},[15,156094,156095],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[36,156098,15865],{"id":15864},[233,156100,156101,156106,156110,156113],{},[236,156102,4917,156103,156105],{},[15,156104,43037],{}," works with tuples",[236,156107,68936,156108,12409],{},[15,156109,43037],{},[236,156111,156112],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[236,156114,5238],{},[36,156116,256],{"id":255},[20,156118,156119],{},"Use this pattern:",[41,156121,156123],{"className":43,"code":156122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,156124,156125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156126,156127,156129,156131,156133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156128,1060],{"class":151},[50,156130,155],{"class":64},[50,156132,148668],{"class":158},[50,156134,186],{"class":64},[20,156136,12161],{},[233,156138,156139,156142,156145],{},[236,156140,156141],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[236,156143,156144],{},"The result is an integer",[236,156146,156147,156149],{},[15,156148,43037],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,156151,2931],{},[41,156153,156155],{"className":43,"code":156154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,156156,156157,156181,156195,156199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156158,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156160,302],{"class":56},[50,156162,61],{"class":60},[50,156164,419],{"class":64},[50,156166,1868],{"class":111},[50,156168,78],{"class":64},[50,156170,1873],{"class":111},[50,156172,78],{"class":64},[50,156174,1878],{"class":111},[50,156176,78],{"class":64},[50,156178,51520],{"class":111},[50,156180,186],{"class":64},[50,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156184,41917],{"class":56},[50,156186,61],{"class":60},[50,156188,1069],{"class":151},[50,156190,155],{"class":64},[50,156192,381],{"class":158},[50,156194,186],{"class":64},[50,156196,156197],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,156198,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,156200,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,156202,366],{"class":151},[50,156204,155],{"class":64},[50,156206,41935],{"class":158},[50,156208,186],{"class":64},[20,156210,156211],{},[4465,156212,189],{},[41,156214,156215],{"className":43,"code":49326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156216,156217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156218,156219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156220,49326],{"class":111},[20,156222,156223,156224,838],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[335,156225,13,156226,2551],{"href":43034},[15,156227,43037],{},[36,156229,228,156231,156233],{"id":156230},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156232,43037],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156235,156236,156237,156239],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156238,43037],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1112,156241,156243],{"id":156242},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[41,156245,156247],{"className":43,"code":156246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156248,156249,156281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156250,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156252,36916],{"class":56},[50,156254,61],{"class":60},[50,156256,419],{"class":64},[50,156258,69],{"class":68},[50,156260,4797],{"class":72},[50,156262,69],{"class":68},[50,156264,78],{"class":64},[50,156266,81],{"class":68},[50,156268,4806],{"class":72},[50,156270,69],{"class":68},[50,156272,78],{"class":64},[50,156274,81],{"class":68},[50,156276,33905],{"class":72},[50,156278,69],{"class":68},[50,156280,186],{"class":64},[50,156282,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156284,366],{"class":151},[50,156286,155],{"class":64},[50,156288,1060],{"class":151},[50,156290,155],{"class":64},[50,156292,36968],{"class":158},[50,156294,1077],{"class":64},[20,156296,156297],{},[4465,156298,189],{},[41,156300,156301],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156302,156303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156304,156305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156306,47292],{"class":111},[1112,156308,156310],{"id":156309},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[41,156312,156314],{"className":43,"code":156313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156315,156316,156325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156317,156318,156321,156323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156319,156320],{"class":56},"empty_tuple ",[50,156322,61],{"class":60},[50,156324,149992],{"class":64},[50,156326,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156338],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156328,366],{"class":151},[50,156330,155],{"class":64},[50,156332,1060],{"class":151},[50,156334,155],{"class":64},[50,156336,156337],{"class":158},"empty_tuple",[50,156339,1077],{"class":64},[20,156341,156342],{},[4465,156343,189],{},[41,156345,156346],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156347,156348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156349,156350],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156351,47927],{"class":111},[1112,156353,156355],{"id":156354},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[41,156357,156359],{"className":43,"code":156358,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156360,156361,156374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156362,156363,156366,156368,156370,156372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156364,156365],{"class":56},"single_value ",[50,156367,61],{"class":60},[50,156369,419],{"class":64},[50,156371,2859],{"class":111},[50,156373,150006],{"class":64},[50,156375,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156387],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156377,366],{"class":151},[50,156379,155],{"class":64},[50,156381,1060],{"class":151},[50,156383,155],{"class":64},[50,156385,156386],{"class":158},"single_value",[50,156388,1077],{"class":64},[20,156390,156391],{},[4465,156392,189],{},[41,156394,156395],{"className":43,"code":47592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156396,156397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156398,156399],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156400,47592],{"class":111},[1112,156402,156404],{"id":156403},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156406,156407],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[41,156409,156411],{"className":43,"code":156410,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156412,156413,156445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156414,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156416,1818],{"class":56},[50,156418,61],{"class":60},[50,156420,419],{"class":64},[50,156422,309],{"class":111},[50,156424,78],{"class":64},[50,156426,419],{"class":64},[50,156428,422],{"class":111},[50,156430,78],{"class":64},[50,156432,319],{"class":111},[50,156434,416],{"class":64},[50,156436,65],{"class":64},[50,156438,1089],{"class":111},[50,156440,78],{"class":64},[50,156442,5325],{"class":111},[50,156444,2210],{"class":64},[50,156446,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156448,366],{"class":151},[50,156450,155],{"class":64},[50,156452,1060],{"class":151},[50,156454,155],{"class":64},[50,156456,1845],{"class":158},[50,156458,1077],{"class":64},[20,156460,156461],{},[4465,156462,189],{},[41,156464,156465],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156466,156467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156468,156469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156470,47292],{"class":111},[20,156472,20655],{},[233,156474,156475,156480,156485],{},[236,156476,156477,156479],{},[15,156478,309],{}," is one item",[236,156481,156482,156479],{},[15,156483,156484],{},"(2, 3)",[236,156486,156487,156479],{},[15,156488,156489],{},"[4, 5]",[36,156491,156493],{"id":156492},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1112,156495,156497],{"id":156496},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[41,156499,156501],{"className":43,"code":156500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156502,156503,156543],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156504,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156506,13779],{"class":56},[50,156508,61],{"class":60},[50,156510,419],{"class":64},[50,156512,69],{"class":68},[50,156514,13796],{"class":72},[50,156516,69],{"class":68},[50,156518,78],{"class":64},[50,156520,81],{"class":68},[50,156522,18154],{"class":72},[50,156524,69],{"class":68},[50,156526,78],{"class":64},[50,156528,81],{"class":68},[50,156530,13813],{"class":72},[50,156532,69],{"class":68},[50,156534,78],{"class":64},[50,156536,81],{"class":68},[50,156538,23218],{"class":72},[50,156540,69],{"class":68},[50,156542,186],{"class":64},[50,156544,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156546,366],{"class":151},[50,156548,155],{"class":64},[50,156550,1060],{"class":151},[50,156552,155],{"class":64},[50,156554,18201],{"class":158},[50,156556,1077],{"class":64},[20,156558,156559],{},[4465,156560,189],{},[41,156562,156563],{"className":43,"code":49326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156564,156565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156566,156567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156568,49326],{"class":111},[1112,156570,156310],{"id":156571},"empty-tuple-1",[41,156573,156575],{"className":43,"code":156574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156576,156577,156585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156578,156579,156581,156583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156580,8493],{"class":56},[50,156582,61],{"class":60},[50,156584,149992],{"class":64},[50,156586,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156588,366],{"class":151},[50,156590,155],{"class":64},[50,156592,1060],{"class":151},[50,156594,155],{"class":64},[50,156596,8522],{"class":158},[50,156598,1077],{"class":64},[20,156600,156601],{},[4465,156602,189],{},[41,156604,156605],{"className":43,"code":47927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156606,156607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156608,156609],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156610,47927],{"class":111},[1112,156612,156614],{"id":156613},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156616,156617,156618,156620],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[4465,156619,5351],{}," always a tuple.",[41,156622,156624],{"className":43,"code":156623,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156625,156626,156638,156650,156654,156668,156682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156627,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156629,1942],{"class":56},[50,156631,61],{"class":60},[50,156633,419],{"class":64},[50,156635,2859],{"class":111},[50,156637,186],{"class":64},[50,156639,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156641,3304],{"class":56},[50,156643,61],{"class":60},[50,156645,419],{"class":64},[50,156647,2859],{"class":111},[50,156649,150006],{"class":64},[50,156651,156652],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,156653,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,156655,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,156657,366],{"class":151},[50,156659,155],{"class":64},[50,156661,3945],{"class":371},[50,156663,155],{"class":64},[50,156665,335],{"class":158},[50,156667,1077],{"class":64},[50,156669,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,156671,366],{"class":151},[50,156673,155],{"class":64},[50,156675,3945],{"class":371},[50,156677,155],{"class":64},[50,156679,344],{"class":158},[50,156681,1077],{"class":64},[50,156683,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,156685,366],{"class":151},[50,156687,155],{"class":64},[50,156689,1060],{"class":151},[50,156691,155],{"class":64},[50,156693,344],{"class":158},[50,156695,1077],{"class":64},[20,156697,156698],{},[4465,156699,189],{},[41,156701,156703],{"className":43,"code":156702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156704,156705,156719,156733],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156706,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156708,4014],{"class":60},[50,156710,4017],{"class":752},[50,156712,408],{"class":68},[50,156714,2911],{"class":72},[50,156716,413],{"class":68},[50,156718,4026],{"class":60},[50,156720,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156722,4014],{"class":60},[50,156724,4017],{"class":752},[50,156726,408],{"class":68},[50,156728,49629],{"class":72},[50,156730,413],{"class":68},[50,156732,4026],{"class":60},[50,156734,156735],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,156736,47592],{"class":111},[20,156738,156739,156740,827,156743,838],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[335,156741,156742],{"href":148653},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[335,156744,149954],{"href":149953},[1112,156746,156748],{"id":156747},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[41,156750,156752],{"className":43,"code":156751,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156753,156754,156798],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156755,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156757,60151],{"class":56},[50,156759,61],{"class":60},[50,156761,419],{"class":64},[50,156763,69],{"class":68},[50,156765,4797],{"class":72},[50,156767,69],{"class":68},[50,156769,78],{"class":64},[50,156771,65],{"class":64},[50,156773,309],{"class":111},[50,156775,78],{"class":64},[50,156777,314],{"class":111},[50,156779,2191],{"class":64},[50,156781,419],{"class":64},[50,156783,69],{"class":68},[50,156785,2896],{"class":72},[50,156787,69],{"class":68},[50,156789,78],{"class":64},[50,156791,81],{"class":68},[50,156793,12449],{"class":72},[50,156795,69],{"class":68},[50,156797,1077],{"class":64},[50,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156801,366],{"class":151},[50,156803,155],{"class":64},[50,156805,1060],{"class":151},[50,156807,155],{"class":64},[50,156809,60204],{"class":158},[50,156811,1077],{"class":64},[20,156813,156814],{},[4465,156815,189],{},[41,156817,156818],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156819,156820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156821,156822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156823,47292],{"class":111},[20,156825,156826,156828],{},[15,156827,43037],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[36,156830,156832],{"id":156831},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1112,156834,156836,156838],{"id":156835},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156837,43037],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[41,156840,156842],{"className":43,"code":156841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156843,156844,156868],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156845,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156847,4788],{"class":56},[50,156849,61],{"class":60},[50,156851,419],{"class":64},[50,156853,69],{"class":68},[50,156855,64275],{"class":72},[50,156857,69],{"class":68},[50,156859,78],{"class":64},[50,156861,81],{"class":68},[50,156863,45],{"class":72},[50,156865,69],{"class":68},[50,156867,186],{"class":64},[50,156869,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156871,366],{"class":151},[50,156873,155],{"class":64},[50,156875,1060],{"class":151},[50,156877,155],{"class":64},[50,156879,4832],{"class":158},[50,156881,1077],{"class":64},[20,156883,156884],{},[4465,156885,189],{},[41,156887,156888],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156889,156890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156891,156892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156893,17756],{"class":111},[20,156895,156896,156897,156899],{},"This result is ",[15,156898,422],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156901,156902],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[41,156904,156906],{"className":43,"code":156905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156907,156908,156932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156909,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156911,4788],{"class":56},[50,156913,61],{"class":60},[50,156915,419],{"class":64},[50,156917,69],{"class":68},[50,156919,64275],{"class":72},[50,156921,69],{"class":68},[50,156923,78],{"class":64},[50,156925,81],{"class":68},[50,156927,45],{"class":72},[50,156929,69],{"class":68},[50,156931,186],{"class":64},[50,156933,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,156935,366],{"class":151},[50,156937,155],{"class":64},[50,156939,1060],{"class":151},[50,156941,155],{"class":64},[50,156943,4832],{"class":158},[50,156945,4620],{"class":64},[50,156947,2842],{"class":111},[50,156949,3721],{"class":64},[20,156951,156952],{},[4465,156953,189],{},[41,156955,156956],{"className":43,"code":17756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156957,156958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156959,156960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156961,17756],{"class":111},[20,156963,21469,156964,156967,156968,838],{},[15,156965,156966],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156969,156970],{},"\"hi\"",[1112,156972,156974,156976],{"id":156973},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156975,43037],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[41,156978,156980],{"className":43,"code":156979,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156981,156982,157018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156985,1321],{"class":56},[50,156987,61],{"class":60},[50,156989,10696],{"class":64},[50,156991,309],{"class":111},[50,156993,78],{"class":64},[50,156995,314],{"class":111},[50,156997,416],{"class":64},[50,156999,419],{"class":64},[50,157001,437],{"class":111},[50,157003,78],{"class":64},[50,157005,3181],{"class":111},[50,157007,416],{"class":64},[50,157009,419],{"class":64},[50,157011,2859],{"class":111},[50,157013,78],{"class":64},[50,157015,38321],{"class":111},[50,157017,1077],{"class":64},[50,157019,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157021,366],{"class":151},[50,157023,155],{"class":64},[50,157025,1060],{"class":151},[50,157027,155],{"class":64},[50,157029,6072],{"class":158},[50,157031,1077],{"class":64},[20,157033,157034],{},[4465,157035,189],{},[41,157037,157038],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,157039,157040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157041,157042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157043,47292],{"class":111},[20,157045,157046],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1112,157048,157050],{"id":157049},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,157052,26381],{},[41,157054,157056],{"className":43,"code":157055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,157057,157058,157070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157059,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157061,3171],{"class":56},[50,157063,61],{"class":60},[50,157065,419],{"class":64},[50,157067,1868],{"class":111},[50,157069,186],{"class":64},[50,157071,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157073,366],{"class":151},[50,157075,155],{"class":64},[50,157077,3945],{"class":371},[50,157079,155],{"class":64},[50,157081,3197],{"class":158},[50,157083,1077],{"class":64},[20,157085,157086],{},[4465,157087,189],{},[41,157089,157091],{"className":43,"code":157090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,157092,157093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157094,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157096,4014],{"class":60},[50,157098,4017],{"class":752},[50,157100,408],{"class":68},[50,157102,2911],{"class":72},[50,157104,413],{"class":68},[50,157106,4026],{"class":60},[20,157108,157109],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[41,157111,157113],{"className":43,"code":157112,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,157114,157115,157127,157141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157116,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157118,3171],{"class":56},[50,157120,61],{"class":60},[50,157122,419],{"class":64},[50,157124,1868],{"class":111},[50,157126,150006],{"class":64},[50,157128,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157130,366],{"class":151},[50,157132,155],{"class":64},[50,157134,3945],{"class":371},[50,157136,155],{"class":64},[50,157138,3197],{"class":158},[50,157140,1077],{"class":64},[50,157142,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157144,366],{"class":151},[50,157146,155],{"class":64},[50,157148,1060],{"class":151},[50,157150,155],{"class":64},[50,157152,3197],{"class":158},[50,157154,1077],{"class":64},[20,157156,157157],{},[4465,157158,189],{},[41,157160,157162],{"className":43,"code":157161,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,157163,157164,157178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157165,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157167,4014],{"class":60},[50,157169,4017],{"class":752},[50,157171,408],{"class":68},[50,157173,49629],{"class":72},[50,157175,413],{"class":68},[50,157177,4026],{"class":60},[50,157179,157180],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157181,47592],{"class":111},[1112,157183,157185,157187],{"id":157184},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,157186,1060],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,157189,45106,157190,157192],{},[15,157191,1060],{}," as a variable name.",[20,157194,45137],{},[41,157196,157198],{"className":43,"code":157197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157199,157200,157208,157228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157201,157202,157204,157206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157203,1060],{"class":151},[50,157205,13979],{"class":60},[50,157207,3309],{"class":111},[50,157209,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157211,302],{"class":56},[50,157213,61],{"class":60},[50,157215,419],{"class":64},[50,157217,309],{"class":111},[50,157219,78],{"class":64},[50,157221,314],{"class":111},[50,157223,78],{"class":64},[50,157225,319],{"class":111},[50,157227,186],{"class":64},[50,157229,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157231,366],{"class":151},[50,157233,155],{"class":64},[50,157235,1060],{"class":151},[50,157237,155],{"class":64},[50,157239,381],{"class":158},[50,157241,1077],{"class":64},[20,157243,40330,157244,157246],{},[15,157245,1060],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157248,157249],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[41,157251,157253],{"className":43,"code":157252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157254,157255,157264,157284],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157256,157257,157260,157262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157258,157259],{"class":56},"length_value ",[50,157261,61],{"class":60},[50,157263,3309],{"class":111},[50,157265,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157267,302],{"class":56},[50,157269,61],{"class":60},[50,157271,419],{"class":64},[50,157273,309],{"class":111},[50,157275,78],{"class":64},[50,157277,314],{"class":111},[50,157279,78],{"class":64},[50,157281,319],{"class":111},[50,157283,186],{"class":64},[50,157285,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157287,366],{"class":151},[50,157289,155],{"class":64},[50,157291,1060],{"class":151},[50,157293,155],{"class":64},[50,157295,381],{"class":158},[50,157297,1077],{"class":64},[20,157299,157300],{},[4465,157301,189],{},[41,157303,157304],{"className":43,"code":47292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,157305,157306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157307,157308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157309,47292],{"class":111},[36,157311,157313],{"id":157312},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157315,157316,157318],{},[15,157317,43037],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1112,157320,157322],{"id":157321},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[41,157324,157326],{"className":43,"code":157325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157327,157328,157336,157340,157358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157329,157330,157332,157334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157331,8493],{"class":56},[50,157333,61],{"class":60},[50,157335,149992],{"class":64},[50,157337,157338],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157339,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,157341,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157343,7711],{"class":137},[50,157345,1069],{"class":151},[50,157347,155],{"class":64},[50,157349,8522],{"class":158},[50,157351,4382],{"class":64},[50,157353,7121],{"class":60},[50,157355,4556],{"class":111},[50,157357,2229],{"class":64},[50,157359,157360,157362,157364,157366,157369,157371],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,157361,173],{"class":151},[50,157363,155],{"class":64},[50,157365,69],{"class":68},[50,157367,157368],{"class":72},"The tuple is empty",[50,157370,69],{"class":68},[50,157372,186],{"class":64},[20,157374,157375],{},[4465,157376,189],{},[41,157378,157380],{"className":43,"code":157379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157381,157382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157383,157384,157386,157388,157390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157385,2704],{"class":56},[50,157387,49629],{"class":371},[50,157389,8808],{"class":60},[50,157391,8814],{"class":56},[1112,157393,157395],{"id":157394},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[41,157397,157399],{"className":43,"code":157398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157400,157401,157417,157421,157439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157402,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157404,52062],{"class":56},[50,157406,61],{"class":60},[50,157408,419],{"class":64},[50,157410,1089],{"class":111},[50,157412,78],{"class":64},[50,157414,6706],{"class":111},[50,157416,186],{"class":64},[50,157418,157419],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157420,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,157422,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157424,7711],{"class":137},[50,157426,1069],{"class":151},[50,157428,155],{"class":64},[50,157430,52087],{"class":158},[50,157432,4382],{"class":64},[50,157434,7121],{"class":60},[50,157436,314],{"class":111},[50,157438,2229],{"class":64},[50,157440,157441,157443,157445,157447,157450,157452],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,157442,173],{"class":151},[50,157444,155],{"class":64},[50,157446,69],{"class":68},[50,157448,157449],{"class":72},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[50,157451,69],{"class":68},[50,157453,186],{"class":64},[20,157455,157456],{},[4465,157457,189],{},[41,157459,157461],{"className":43,"code":157460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157462,157463],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157464,157465,157468,157470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157466,157467],{"class":56},"This looks like an x",[50,157469,78],{"class":64},[50,157471,157472],{"class":56}," y coordinate\n",[1112,157474,157476],{"id":157475},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[41,157478,157480],{"className":43,"code":157479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157481,157482,157511,157515,157533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157483,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157507,157509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157485,12191],{"class":56},[50,157487,61],{"class":60},[50,157489,419],{"class":64},[50,157491,69],{"class":68},[50,157493,73],{"class":72},[50,157495,69],{"class":68},[50,157497,78],{"class":64},[50,157499,1336],{"class":111},[50,157501,78],{"class":64},[50,157503,81],{"class":68},[50,157505,157506],{"class":72},"Canada",[50,157508,69],{"class":68},[50,157510,186],{"class":64},[50,157512,157513],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157514,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,157516,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157518,7711],{"class":137},[50,157520,1069],{"class":151},[50,157522,155],{"class":64},[50,157524,12285],{"class":158},[50,157526,4382],{"class":64},[50,157528,7121],{"class":60},[50,157530,319],{"class":111},[50,157532,2229],{"class":64},[50,157534,157535,157537,157539,157541,157544,157546],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,157536,173],{"class":151},[50,157538,155],{"class":64},[50,157540,69],{"class":68},[50,157542,157543],{"class":72},"User record has the expected number of values",[50,157545,69],{"class":68},[50,157547,186],{"class":64},[20,157549,157550],{},[4465,157551,189],{},[41,157553,157555],{"className":43,"code":157554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157556,157557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157558,157559],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157560,157554],{"class":56},[1112,157562,157564],{"id":157563},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[41,157566,157568],{"className":43,"code":157567,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157569,157570,157602,157606,157626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157571,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157573,326],{"class":56},[50,157575,61],{"class":60},[50,157577,419],{"class":64},[50,157579,69],{"class":68},[50,157581,335],{"class":72},[50,157583,69],{"class":68},[50,157585,78],{"class":64},[50,157587,81],{"class":68},[50,157589,344],{"class":72},[50,157591,69],{"class":68},[50,157593,78],{"class":64},[50,157595,81],{"class":68},[50,157597,353],{"class":72},[50,157599,69],{"class":68},[50,157601,186],{"class":64},[50,157603,157604],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157605,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,157607,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157609,33],{"class":137},[50,157611,70225],{"class":56},[50,157613,148],{"class":137},[50,157615,54748],{"class":151},[50,157617,155],{"class":64},[50,157619,1060],{"class":151},[50,157621,155],{"class":64},[50,157623,36820],{"class":158},[50,157625,70240],{"class":64},[50,157627,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,157629,173],{"class":151},[50,157631,155],{"class":64},[50,157633,36831],{"class":158},[50,157635,78],{"class":64},[50,157637,386],{"class":158},[50,157639,4620],{"class":64},[50,157641,36831],{"class":158},[50,157643,2210],{"class":64},[20,157645,157646],{},[4465,157647,189],{},[41,157649,157650],{"className":43,"code":36843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,157651,157652,157658,157664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157653,157654,157656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157655,2842],{"class":111},[50,157657,36852],{"class":56},[50,157659,157660,157662],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157661,309],{"class":111},[50,157663,36859],{"class":56},[50,157665,157666,157668],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157667,422],{"class":111},[50,157669,36866],{"class":56},[20,157671,157672,157673,157675,157676,838],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[335,157674,150323],{"href":150322},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[335,157677,151567],{"href":151566},[36,157679,3553],{"id":3552},[20,157681,157682],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[233,157684,157685,157693,157700,157705],{},[236,157686,157687,157688,11794,157691],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157689,157690],{},"(5)",[15,157692,150157],{},[236,157694,2447,157695,157697,157698],{},[15,157696,1060],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157699,43037],{},[236,157701,2120,157702,157704],{},[15,157703,43037],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[236,157706,157707],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157709,32770],{},[41,157711,157713],{"className":43,"code":157712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157714,157715,157725,157739,157753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157716,157717,157719,157721,157723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157718,366],{"class":151},[50,157720,155],{"class":64},[50,157722,148668],{"class":158},[50,157724,186],{"class":64},[50,157726,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157728,366],{"class":151},[50,157730,155],{"class":64},[50,157732,3945],{"class":371},[50,157734,155],{"class":64},[50,157736,148668],{"class":158},[50,157738,1077],{"class":64},[50,157740,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157742,366],{"class":151},[50,157744,155],{"class":64},[50,157746,1060],{"class":151},[50,157748,155],{"class":64},[50,157750,148668],{"class":158},[50,157752,1077],{"class":64},[50,157754,157755,157757,157759,157761],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,157756,32840],{"class":151},[50,157758,155],{"class":64},[50,157760,1060],{"class":151},[50,157762,186],{"class":64},[20,157764,155877],{},[233,157766,157767,157770,157773,157777],{},[236,157768,157769],{},"what value you are using",[236,157771,157772],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[236,157774,26710,157775,12409],{},[15,157776,43037],{},[236,157778,124044,157779,157781],{},[15,157780,43037],{}," is documented in Python",[36,157783,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,157785,157787],{"id":157786},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157789,221,157790,157793],{},[15,157791,157792],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1112,157795,2569,157797,149827],{"id":157796},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157798,43037],{},[20,157800,47041,157801,157803],{},[15,157802,43037],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1112,157805,157807],{"id":157806},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157809,157810,157811,838],{},"The length is ",[15,157812,2842],{},[1112,157814,157816],{"id":157815},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157818,151513,157819,157821],{},[15,157820,151516],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1112,157823,2569,157825,157827],{"id":157824},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157826,43037],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157829,157830],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[36,157832,2610],{"id":2609},[233,157834,157835,157841,157845,157849,157853],{},[236,157836,157837],{},[335,157838,13,157839,2551],{"href":43034},[15,157840,43037],{},[236,157842,157843],{},[335,157844,156742],{"href":148653},[236,157846,157847],{},[335,157848,150323],{"href":150322},[236,157850,157851],{},[335,157852,151567],{"href":151566},[236,157854,157855],{},[335,157856,157857],{"href":149953},"What is a tuple in Python",[2640,157859,157860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":157862},[157863,157864,157865,157872,157878,157887,157893,157894,157903],{"id":15864,"depth":101,"text":15865},{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":156230,"depth":101,"text":157866,"children":157867},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157868,157869,157870,157871],{"id":156242,"depth":127,"text":156243},{"id":156309,"depth":127,"text":156310},{"id":156354,"depth":127,"text":156355},{"id":156403,"depth":127,"text":156404},{"id":156492,"depth":101,"text":156493,"children":157873},[157874,157875,157876,157877],{"id":156496,"depth":127,"text":156497},{"id":156571,"depth":127,"text":156310},{"id":156613,"depth":127,"text":156614},{"id":156747,"depth":127,"text":156748},{"id":156831,"depth":101,"text":156832,"children":157879},[157880,157882,157884,157885],{"id":156835,"depth":127,"text":157881},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156973,"depth":127,"text":157883},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":157049,"depth":127,"text":157050},{"id":157184,"depth":127,"text":157886},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157312,"depth":101,"text":157313,"children":157888},[157889,157890,157891,157892],{"id":157321,"depth":127,"text":157322},{"id":157394,"depth":127,"text":157395},{"id":157475,"depth":127,"text":157476},{"id":157563,"depth":127,"text":157564},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":157895},[157896,157897,157899,157900,157901],{"id":157786,"depth":127,"text":157787},{"id":157796,"depth":127,"text":157898},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157806,"depth":127,"text":157807},{"id":157815,"depth":127,"text":157816},{"id":157824,"depth":127,"text":157902},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":156014,"description":157904},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157911,"title":157912,"body":157913,"description":160298,"extension":2687,"meta":160299,"navigation":130,"path":160300,"seo":160301,"stem":160302,"__hash__":160303},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157914,"toc":160259},[157915,157918,157921,157924,157947,157953,157955,158066,158070,158073,158083,158085,158184,158186,158263,158269,158273,158276,158299,158302,158319,158322,158324,158387,158389,158406,158417,158422,158424,158427,158433,158484,158486,158506,158510,158561,158563,158584,158588,158643,158645,158666,158670,158725,158727,158748,158752,158805,158807,158836,158838,158840,158843,158847,158904,158906,158927,158931,158984,158986,159011,159016,159020,159025,159043,159046,159109,159111,159132,159135,159196,159198,159219,159222,159265,159268,159272,159277,159281,159360,159362,159393,159397,159472,159474,159501,159505,159552,159554,159562,159567,159571,159574,159589,159591,159679,159681,159706,159709,159752,159761,159763,159766,159781,159784,159788,159842,159844,159864,159869,159873,159875,159913,159916,159966,159970,160043,160045,160082,160085,160087,160090,160110,160113,160182,160184,160197,160199,160203,160206,160210,160213,160218,160221,160227,160232,160234,160256],[10,157916,157912],{"id":157917},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157919,157920],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157922,157923],{},"Use this format:",[41,157925,157927],{"className":43,"code":157926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157928,157929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157932,49629],{"class":56},[50,157934,4620],{"class":64},[50,157936,36750],{"class":56},[50,157938,1408],{"class":64},[50,157940,76099],{"class":56},[50,157942,1408],{"class":64},[50,157944,76102],{"class":56},[50,157946,98],{"class":64},[20,157948,2704,157949,76135,157951,838],{},[15,157950,76099],{},[4465,157952,65747],{},[36,157954,39],{"id":38},[41,157956,157958],{"className":43,"code":157957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157959,157960,157988,157992,158013,158030,158047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157963,302],{"class":56},[50,157965,61],{"class":60},[50,157967,419],{"class":64},[50,157969,1868],{"class":111},[50,157971,78],{"class":64},[50,157973,1873],{"class":111},[50,157975,78],{"class":64},[50,157977,1878],{"class":111},[50,157979,78],{"class":64},[50,157981,51520],{"class":111},[50,157983,78],{"class":64},[50,157985,5798],{"class":111},[50,157987,186],{"class":64},[50,157989,157990],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,157991,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,157993,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,157995,366],{"class":151},[50,157997,155],{"class":64},[50,157999,381],{"class":158},[50,158001,4620],{"class":64},[50,158003,309],{"class":111},[50,158005,1408],{"class":64},[50,158007,1089],{"class":111},[50,158009,21144],{"class":64},[50,158011,158012],{"class":4385},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[50,158014,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,158016,366],{"class":151},[50,158018,155],{"class":64},[50,158020,381],{"class":158},[50,158022,76208],{"class":64},[50,158024,437],{"class":111},[50,158026,21144],{"class":64},[50,158028,158029],{"class":4385},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[50,158031,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,158033,366],{"class":151},[50,158035,155],{"class":64},[50,158037,381],{"class":158},[50,158039,74795],{"class":64},[50,158041,422],{"class":111},[50,158043,21144],{"class":64},[50,158045,158046],{"class":4385},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[50,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,158050,366],{"class":151},[50,158052,155],{"class":64},[50,158054,381],{"class":158},[50,158056,74795],{"class":64},[50,158058,2746],{"class":60},[50,158060,309],{"class":111},[50,158062,21144],{"class":64},[50,158064,158065],{"class":4385},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[36,158067,158069],{"id":158068},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,158071,158072],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[233,158074,158075,158077,158080],{},[236,158076,76402],{},[236,158078,158079],{},"The result is a new tuple",[236,158081,158082],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,158084,2931],{},[41,158086,158088],{"className":43,"code":158087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,158089,158090,158138,158142,158160,158164,158174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158093,326],{"class":56},[50,158095,61],{"class":60},[50,158097,419],{"class":64},[50,158099,69],{"class":68},[50,158101,335],{"class":72},[50,158103,69],{"class":68},[50,158105,78],{"class":64},[50,158107,81],{"class":68},[50,158109,344],{"class":72},[50,158111,69],{"class":68},[50,158113,78],{"class":64},[50,158115,81],{"class":68},[50,158117,353],{"class":72},[50,158119,69],{"class":68},[50,158121,78],{"class":64},[50,158123,81],{"class":68},[50,158125,19466],{"class":72},[50,158127,69],{"class":68},[50,158129,78],{"class":64},[50,158131,81],{"class":68},[50,158133,61126],{"class":72},[50,158135,69],{"class":68},[50,158137,186],{"class":64},[50,158139,158140],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158141,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158143,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158145,76332],{"class":56},[50,158147,61],{"class":60},[50,158149,386],{"class":56},[50,158151,4620],{"class":64},[50,158153,309],{"class":111},[50,158155,1408],{"class":64},[50,158157,1089],{"class":111},[50,158159,98],{"class":64},[50,158161,158162],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,158163,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158165,158166,158168,158170,158172],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,158167,366],{"class":151},[50,158169,155],{"class":64},[50,158171,76355],{"class":158},[50,158173,186],{"class":64},[50,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,158177,366],{"class":151},[50,158179,155],{"class":64},[50,158181,36820],{"class":158},[50,158183,186],{"class":64},[20,158185,189],{},[41,158187,158189],{"className":43,"code":158188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,158190,158191,158219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158192,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158194,155],{"class":64},[50,158196,413],{"class":68},[50,158198,344],{"class":72},[50,158200,413],{"class":68},[50,158202,78],{"class":64},[50,158204,408],{"class":68},[50,158206,353],{"class":72},[50,158208,413],{"class":68},[50,158210,78],{"class":64},[50,158212,408],{"class":68},[50,158214,19466],{"class":72},[50,158216,413],{"class":68},[50,158218,186],{"class":64},[50,158220,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158222,155],{"class":64},[50,158224,413],{"class":68},[50,158226,335],{"class":72},[50,158228,413],{"class":68},[50,158230,78],{"class":64},[50,158232,408],{"class":68},[50,158234,344],{"class":72},[50,158236,413],{"class":68},[50,158238,78],{"class":64},[50,158240,408],{"class":68},[50,158242,353],{"class":72},[50,158244,413],{"class":68},[50,158246,78],{"class":64},[50,158248,408],{"class":68},[50,158250,19466],{"class":72},[50,158252,413],{"class":68},[50,158254,78],{"class":64},[50,158256,408],{"class":68},[50,158258,61126],{"class":72},[50,158260,413],{"class":68},[50,158262,186],{"class":64},[20,158264,158265,158266,838],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[335,158267,148650],{"href":158268},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[36,158270,158272],{"id":158271},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158274,158275],{},"The full syntax is:",[41,158277,158279],{"className":43,"code":158278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158280,158281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158284,148668],{"class":56},[50,158286,4620],{"class":64},[50,158288,36750],{"class":56},[50,158290,1408],{"class":64},[50,158292,76099],{"class":56},[50,158294,1408],{"class":64},[50,158296,76102],{"class":56},[50,158298,98],{"class":64},[20,158300,158301],{},"Each part has a job:",[233,158303,158304,158309,158314],{},[236,158305,158306,158308],{},[15,158307,36750],{},": where slicing begins",[236,158310,158311,158313],{},[15,158312,76099],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[236,158315,158316,158318],{},[15,158317,76102],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158320,158321],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158323,2931],{},[41,158325,158327],{"className":43,"code":158326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158328,158329,158361,158365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158330,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158332,302],{"class":56},[50,158334,61],{"class":60},[50,158336,419],{"class":64},[50,158338,1868],{"class":111},[50,158340,78],{"class":64},[50,158342,1873],{"class":111},[50,158344,78],{"class":64},[50,158346,1878],{"class":111},[50,158348,78],{"class":64},[50,158350,51520],{"class":111},[50,158352,78],{"class":64},[50,158354,5798],{"class":111},[50,158356,78],{"class":64},[50,158358,76773],{"class":111},[50,158360,186],{"class":64},[50,158362,158363],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158364,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158366,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158368,366],{"class":151},[50,158370,155],{"class":64},[50,158372,381],{"class":158},[50,158374,4620],{"class":64},[50,158376,309],{"class":111},[50,158378,1408],{"class":64},[50,158380,2859],{"class":111},[50,158382,1408],{"class":64},[50,158384,422],{"class":111},[50,158386,2210],{"class":64},[20,158388,189],{},[41,158390,158392],{"className":43,"code":158391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158393,158394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158395,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158397,155],{"class":64},[50,158399,16457],{"class":111},[50,158401,78],{"class":64},[50,158403,51520],{"class":111},[50,158405,186],{"class":64},[20,158407,158408,158409,158411,158412,158414,158415,838],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158410,309],{},", stops before index ",[15,158413,2859],{},", and moves by ",[15,158416,422],{},[20,158418,158419,158420,838],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[335,158421,150323],{"href":153749},[36,158423,76689],{"id":76688},[20,158425,158426],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1112,158428,158430,158431,6678],{"id":158429},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158432,76703],{},[41,158434,158436],{"className":43,"code":158435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158437,158438,158466,158470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158439,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158441,302],{"class":56},[50,158443,61],{"class":60},[50,158445,419],{"class":64},[50,158447,1868],{"class":111},[50,158449,78],{"class":64},[50,158451,1873],{"class":111},[50,158453,78],{"class":64},[50,158455,1878],{"class":111},[50,158457,78],{"class":64},[50,158459,51520],{"class":111},[50,158461,78],{"class":64},[50,158463,5798],{"class":111},[50,158465,186],{"class":64},[50,158467,158468],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158469,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158471,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158473,366],{"class":151},[50,158475,155],{"class":64},[50,158477,381],{"class":158},[50,158479,76208],{"class":64},[50,158481,437],{"class":111},[50,158483,2210],{"class":64},[20,158485,189],{},[41,158487,158488],{"className":43,"code":152015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,158489,158490],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158491,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158493,155],{"class":64},[50,158495,1868],{"class":111},[50,158497,78],{"class":64},[50,158499,1873],{"class":111},[50,158501,78],{"class":64},[50,158503,1878],{"class":111},[50,158505,186],{"class":64},[1112,158507,158509],{"id":158508},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[41,158511,158513],{"className":43,"code":158512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158514,158515,158543,158547],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158516,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158518,302],{"class":56},[50,158520,61],{"class":60},[50,158522,419],{"class":64},[50,158524,1868],{"class":111},[50,158526,78],{"class":64},[50,158528,1873],{"class":111},[50,158530,78],{"class":64},[50,158532,1878],{"class":111},[50,158534,78],{"class":64},[50,158536,51520],{"class":111},[50,158538,78],{"class":64},[50,158540,5798],{"class":111},[50,158542,186],{"class":64},[50,158544,158545],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158546,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158548,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158550,366],{"class":151},[50,158552,155],{"class":64},[50,158554,381],{"class":158},[50,158556,4620],{"class":64},[50,158558,422],{"class":111},[50,158560,78389],{"class":64},[20,158562,189],{},[41,158564,158566],{"className":43,"code":158565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158567,158568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158569,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158571,155],{"class":64},[50,158573,37518],{"class":111},[50,158575,78],{"class":64},[50,158577,51520],{"class":111},[50,158579,78],{"class":64},[50,158581,5798],{"class":111},[50,158583,186],{"class":64},[1112,158585,158587],{"id":158586},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[41,158589,158591],{"className":43,"code":158590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158592,158593,158621,158625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158594,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158596,302],{"class":56},[50,158598,61],{"class":60},[50,158600,419],{"class":64},[50,158602,1868],{"class":111},[50,158604,78],{"class":64},[50,158606,1873],{"class":111},[50,158608,78],{"class":64},[50,158610,1878],{"class":111},[50,158612,78],{"class":64},[50,158614,51520],{"class":111},[50,158616,78],{"class":64},[50,158618,5798],{"class":111},[50,158620,186],{"class":64},[50,158622,158623],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158624,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158626,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158628,366],{"class":151},[50,158630,155],{"class":64},[50,158632,381],{"class":158},[50,158634,4620],{"class":64},[50,158636,309],{"class":111},[50,158638,1408],{"class":64},[50,158640,1089],{"class":111},[50,158642,2210],{"class":64},[20,158644,189],{},[41,158646,158648],{"className":43,"code":158647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158649,158650],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158651,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158653,155],{"class":64},[50,158655,16457],{"class":111},[50,158657,78],{"class":64},[50,158659,1878],{"class":111},[50,158661,78],{"class":64},[50,158663,51520],{"class":111},[50,158665,186],{"class":64},[1112,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[41,158671,158673],{"className":43,"code":158672,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158674,158675,158707,158711],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158678,302],{"class":56},[50,158680,61],{"class":60},[50,158682,419],{"class":64},[50,158684,1868],{"class":111},[50,158686,78],{"class":64},[50,158688,1873],{"class":111},[50,158690,78],{"class":64},[50,158692,1878],{"class":111},[50,158694,78],{"class":64},[50,158696,51520],{"class":111},[50,158698,78],{"class":64},[50,158700,5798],{"class":111},[50,158702,78],{"class":64},[50,158704,76773],{"class":111},[50,158706,186],{"class":64},[50,158708,158709],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158710,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158714,366],{"class":151},[50,158716,155],{"class":64},[50,158718,381],{"class":158},[50,158720,74795],{"class":64},[50,158722,422],{"class":111},[50,158724,2210],{"class":64},[20,158726,189],{},[41,158728,158730],{"className":43,"code":158729,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158731,158732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158733,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158735,155],{"class":64},[50,158737,1868],{"class":111},[50,158739,78],{"class":64},[50,158741,1878],{"class":111},[50,158743,78],{"class":64},[50,158745,5798],{"class":111},[50,158747,186],{"class":64},[1112,158749,158751],{"id":158750},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[41,158753,158755],{"className":43,"code":158754,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158756,158757,158785,158789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158758,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158760,302],{"class":56},[50,158762,61],{"class":60},[50,158764,419],{"class":64},[50,158766,1868],{"class":111},[50,158768,78],{"class":64},[50,158770,1873],{"class":111},[50,158772,78],{"class":64},[50,158774,1878],{"class":111},[50,158776,78],{"class":64},[50,158778,51520],{"class":111},[50,158780,78],{"class":64},[50,158782,5798],{"class":111},[50,158784,186],{"class":64},[50,158786,158787],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158788,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158790,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158792,366],{"class":151},[50,158794,155],{"class":64},[50,158796,381],{"class":158},[50,158798,74795],{"class":64},[50,158800,2746],{"class":60},[50,158802,309],{"class":111},[50,158804,2210],{"class":64},[20,158806,189],{},[41,158808,158810],{"className":43,"code":158809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158811,158812],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158813,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158815,155],{"class":64},[50,158817,77467],{"class":111},[50,158819,78],{"class":64},[50,158821,51520],{"class":111},[50,158823,78],{"class":64},[50,158825,1878],{"class":111},[50,158827,78],{"class":64},[50,158829,1873],{"class":111},[50,158831,78],{"class":64},[50,158833,6717],{"class":111},[50,158835,186],{"class":64},[36,158837,76983],{"id":76982},[20,158839,155022],{},[20,158841,158842],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1112,158844,158846],{"id":158845},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[41,158848,158850],{"className":43,"code":158849,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158851,158852,158884,158888],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158853,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158855,302],{"class":56},[50,158857,61],{"class":60},[50,158859,419],{"class":64},[50,158861,1868],{"class":111},[50,158863,78],{"class":64},[50,158865,1873],{"class":111},[50,158867,78],{"class":64},[50,158869,1878],{"class":111},[50,158871,78],{"class":64},[50,158873,51520],{"class":111},[50,158875,78],{"class":64},[50,158877,5798],{"class":111},[50,158879,78],{"class":64},[50,158881,76773],{"class":111},[50,158883,186],{"class":64},[50,158885,158886],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158887,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158889,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158891,366],{"class":151},[50,158893,155],{"class":64},[50,158895,381],{"class":158},[50,158897,4620],{"class":64},[50,158899,2746],{"class":60},[50,158901,437],{"class":111},[50,158903,78389],{"class":64},[20,158905,189],{},[41,158907,158909],{"className":43,"code":158908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158910,158911],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158914,155],{"class":64},[50,158916,57371],{"class":111},[50,158918,78],{"class":64},[50,158920,5798],{"class":111},[50,158922,78],{"class":64},[50,158924,76773],{"class":111},[50,158926,186],{"class":64},[1112,158928,158930],{"id":158929},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[41,158932,158934],{"className":43,"code":158933,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158935,158936,158964,158968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158937,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158939,302],{"class":56},[50,158941,61],{"class":60},[50,158943,419],{"class":64},[50,158945,1868],{"class":111},[50,158947,78],{"class":64},[50,158949,1873],{"class":111},[50,158951,78],{"class":64},[50,158953,1878],{"class":111},[50,158955,78],{"class":64},[50,158957,51520],{"class":111},[50,158959,78],{"class":64},[50,158961,5798],{"class":111},[50,158963,186],{"class":64},[50,158965,158966],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,158967,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,158969,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,158971,366],{"class":151},[50,158973,155],{"class":64},[50,158975,381],{"class":158},[50,158977,76208],{"class":64},[50,158979,2746],{"class":60},[50,158981,309],{"class":111},[50,158983,2210],{"class":64},[20,158985,189],{},[41,158987,158989],{"className":43,"code":158988,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158990,158991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158992,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007,159009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158994,155],{"class":64},[50,158996,1868],{"class":111},[50,158998,78],{"class":64},[50,159000,1873],{"class":111},[50,159002,78],{"class":64},[50,159004,1878],{"class":111},[50,159006,78],{"class":64},[50,159008,51520],{"class":111},[50,159010,186],{"class":64},[20,159012,159013,159014,838],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[335,159015,151572],{"href":157906},[36,159017,159019],{"id":159018},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,159021,2704,159022,159024],{},[15,159023,76102],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[233,159026,159027,159029,159031,159037],{},[236,159028,77239],{},[236,159030,77242],{},[236,159032,159033,159036],{},[15,159034,159035],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[236,159038,159039,159040,159042],{},"A step of ",[15,159041,2842],{}," is not allowed",[20,159044,159045],{},"Example with a positive step:",[41,159047,159049],{"className":43,"code":159048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,159050,159051,159083,159087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159052,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159054,302],{"class":56},[50,159056,61],{"class":60},[50,159058,419],{"class":64},[50,159060,1868],{"class":111},[50,159062,78],{"class":64},[50,159064,1873],{"class":111},[50,159066,78],{"class":64},[50,159068,1878],{"class":111},[50,159070,78],{"class":64},[50,159072,51520],{"class":111},[50,159074,78],{"class":64},[50,159076,5798],{"class":111},[50,159078,78],{"class":64},[50,159080,76773],{"class":111},[50,159082,186],{"class":64},[50,159084,159085],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159086,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159088,159089,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159090,366],{"class":151},[50,159092,155],{"class":64},[50,159094,381],{"class":158},[50,159096,4620],{"class":64},[50,159098,309],{"class":111},[50,159100,1408],{"class":64},[50,159102,81267],{"class":111},[50,159104,1408],{"class":64},[50,159106,422],{"class":111},[50,159108,2210],{"class":64},[20,159110,189],{},[41,159112,159114],{"className":43,"code":159113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,159115,159116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159117,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159119,155],{"class":64},[50,159121,16457],{"class":111},[50,159123,78],{"class":64},[50,159125,51520],{"class":111},[50,159127,78],{"class":64},[50,159129,76773],{"class":111},[50,159131,186],{"class":64},[20,159133,159134],{},"Example with a negative step:",[41,159136,159138],{"className":43,"code":159137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,159139,159140,159168,159172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159141,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159143,302],{"class":56},[50,159145,61],{"class":60},[50,159147,419],{"class":64},[50,159149,1868],{"class":111},[50,159151,78],{"class":64},[50,159153,1873],{"class":111},[50,159155,78],{"class":64},[50,159157,1878],{"class":111},[50,159159,78],{"class":64},[50,159161,51520],{"class":111},[50,159163,78],{"class":64},[50,159165,5798],{"class":111},[50,159167,186],{"class":64},[50,159169,159170],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159171,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159173,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159175,366],{"class":151},[50,159177,155],{"class":64},[50,159179,381],{"class":158},[50,159181,4620],{"class":64},[50,159183,1089],{"class":111},[50,159185,1408],{"class":64},[50,159187,309],{"class":111},[50,159189,1408],{"class":64},[50,159191,2746],{"class":60},[50,159193,309],{"class":111},[50,159195,2210],{"class":64},[20,159197,189],{},[41,159199,159201],{"className":43,"code":159200,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,159202,159203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159204,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159206,155],{"class":64},[50,159208,77467],{"class":111},[50,159210,78],{"class":64},[50,159212,51520],{"class":111},[50,159214,78],{"class":64},[50,159216,1878],{"class":111},[50,159218,186],{"class":64},[20,159220,159221],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[41,159223,159225],{"className":43,"code":159224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159226,159227,159247,159251],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159228,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159230,302],{"class":56},[50,159232,61],{"class":60},[50,159234,419],{"class":64},[50,159236,1868],{"class":111},[50,159238,78],{"class":64},[50,159240,1873],{"class":111},[50,159242,78],{"class":64},[50,159244,1878],{"class":111},[50,159246,186],{"class":64},[50,159248,159249],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159250,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159252,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159254,366],{"class":151},[50,159256,155],{"class":64},[50,159258,381],{"class":158},[50,159260,74795],{"class":64},[50,159262,2842],{"class":111},[50,159264,2210],{"class":64},[20,159266,159267],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[36,159269,159271],{"id":159270},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159273,159274,159275,34426],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[4465,159276,49629],{},[1112,159278,159280],{"id":159279},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[41,159282,159284],{"className":43,"code":159283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159285,159286,159310,159314,159332,159336,159346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159287,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159289,302],{"class":56},[50,159291,61],{"class":60},[50,159293,419],{"class":64},[50,159295,1868],{"class":111},[50,159297,78],{"class":64},[50,159299,1873],{"class":111},[50,159301,78],{"class":64},[50,159303,1878],{"class":111},[50,159305,78],{"class":64},[50,159307,51520],{"class":111},[50,159309,186],{"class":64},[50,159311,159312],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159313,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159315,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159317,2954],{"class":56},[50,159319,61],{"class":60},[50,159321,4982],{"class":56},[50,159323,4620],{"class":64},[50,159325,309],{"class":111},[50,159327,1408],{"class":64},[50,159329,437],{"class":111},[50,159331,98],{"class":64},[50,159333,159334],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,159335,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159337,159338,159340,159342,159344],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,159339,366],{"class":151},[50,159341,155],{"class":64},[50,159343,2989],{"class":158},[50,159345,186],{"class":64},[50,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,159349,366],{"class":151},[50,159351,155],{"class":64},[50,159353,3945],{"class":371},[50,159355,155],{"class":64},[50,159357,2989],{"class":158},[50,159359,1077],{"class":64},[20,159361,189],{},[41,159363,159365],{"className":43,"code":159364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159366,159367,159379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159368,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159370,155],{"class":64},[50,159372,16457],{"class":111},[50,159374,78],{"class":64},[50,159376,1878],{"class":111},[50,159378,186],{"class":64},[50,159380,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159382,4014],{"class":60},[50,159384,4017],{"class":752},[50,159386,408],{"class":68},[50,159388,49629],{"class":72},[50,159390,413],{"class":68},[50,159392,4026],{"class":60},[1112,159394,159396],{"id":159395},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[41,159398,159400],{"className":43,"code":159399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159401,159402,159422,159426,159444,159448,159458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159403,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159405,302],{"class":56},[50,159407,61],{"class":60},[50,159409,419],{"class":64},[50,159411,1868],{"class":111},[50,159413,78],{"class":64},[50,159415,1873],{"class":111},[50,159417,78],{"class":64},[50,159419,1878],{"class":111},[50,159421,186],{"class":64},[50,159423,159424],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159425,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159427,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159429,2954],{"class":56},[50,159431,61],{"class":60},[50,159433,4982],{"class":56},[50,159435,4620],{"class":64},[50,159437,309],{"class":111},[50,159439,1408],{"class":64},[50,159441,422],{"class":111},[50,159443,98],{"class":64},[50,159445,159446],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,159447,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159449,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,159451,366],{"class":151},[50,159453,155],{"class":64},[50,159455,2989],{"class":158},[50,159457,186],{"class":64},[50,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,159461,366],{"class":151},[50,159463,155],{"class":64},[50,159465,3945],{"class":371},[50,159467,155],{"class":64},[50,159469,2989],{"class":158},[50,159471,1077],{"class":64},[20,159473,189],{},[41,159475,159477],{"className":43,"code":159476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159478,159479,159487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159480,159481,159483,159485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159482,155],{"class":64},[50,159484,16457],{"class":111},[50,159486,150006],{"class":64},[50,159488,159489,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159490,4014],{"class":60},[50,159492,4017],{"class":752},[50,159494,408],{"class":68},[50,159496,49629],{"class":72},[50,159498,413],{"class":68},[50,159500,4026],{"class":60},[1112,159502,159504],{"id":159503},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[41,159506,159508],{"className":43,"code":159507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159509,159510,159530,159534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159513,302],{"class":56},[50,159515,61],{"class":60},[50,159517,419],{"class":64},[50,159519,1868],{"class":111},[50,159521,78],{"class":64},[50,159523,1873],{"class":111},[50,159525,78],{"class":64},[50,159527,1878],{"class":111},[50,159529,186],{"class":64},[50,159531,159532],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159533,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159535,159536,159538,159540,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159537,366],{"class":151},[50,159539,155],{"class":64},[50,159541,381],{"class":158},[50,159543,4620],{"class":64},[50,159545,2859],{"class":111},[50,159547,1408],{"class":64},[50,159549,3069],{"class":111},[50,159551,2210],{"class":64},[20,159553,189],{},[41,159555,159556],{"className":43,"code":9354,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159557,159558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159559,159560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159561,9354],{"class":64},[20,159563,159564,159565,838],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[335,159566,156742],{"href":151629},[36,159568,159570],{"id":159569},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159572,159573],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[233,159575,159576,159578,159581,159586],{},[236,159577,77548],{},[236,159579,159580],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[236,159582,159583,159584],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159585,71404],{},[236,159587,159588],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159590,2931],{},[41,159592,159594],{"className":43,"code":159593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159595,159596,159616,159620,159637,159658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159597,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159599,302],{"class":56},[50,159601,61],{"class":60},[50,159603,419],{"class":64},[50,159605,1868],{"class":111},[50,159607,78],{"class":64},[50,159609,1873],{"class":111},[50,159611,78],{"class":64},[50,159613,1878],{"class":111},[50,159615,186],{"class":64},[50,159617,159618],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159619,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159621,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159623,366],{"class":151},[50,159625,155],{"class":64},[50,159627,381],{"class":158},[50,159629,4620],{"class":64},[50,159631,309],{"class":111},[50,159633,21144],{"class":64},[50,159635,159636],{"class":4385},"    # one item\n",[50,159638,159639,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,159640,366],{"class":151},[50,159642,155],{"class":64},[50,159644,381],{"class":158},[50,159646,4620],{"class":64},[50,159648,309],{"class":111},[50,159650,1408],{"class":64},[50,159652,2859],{"class":111},[50,159654,21144],{"class":64},[50,159656,159657],{"class":4385},"  # slice\n",[50,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,159661,366],{"class":151},[50,159663,155],{"class":64},[50,159665,381],{"class":158},[50,159667,4620],{"class":64},[50,159669,2859],{"class":111},[50,159671,1408],{"class":64},[50,159673,3069],{"class":111},[50,159675,21144],{"class":64},[50,159677,159678],{"class":4385},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159680,189],{},[41,159682,159684],{"className":43,"code":159683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159685,159686,159690,159702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159687,159688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159689,71897],{"class":111},[50,159691,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159693,155],{"class":64},[50,159695,16457],{"class":111},[50,159697,78],{"class":64},[50,159699,1878],{"class":111},[50,159701,186],{"class":64},[50,159703,159704],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159705,9354],{"class":64},[20,159707,159708],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[41,159710,159712],{"className":43,"code":159711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159713,159714,159734,159738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159715,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159717,302],{"class":56},[50,159719,61],{"class":60},[50,159721,419],{"class":64},[50,159723,1868],{"class":111},[50,159725,78],{"class":64},[50,159727,1873],{"class":111},[50,159729,78],{"class":64},[50,159731,1878],{"class":111},[50,159733,186],{"class":64},[50,159735,159736],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159737,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159739,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159741,366],{"class":151},[50,159743,155],{"class":64},[50,159745,381],{"class":158},[50,159747,4620],{"class":64},[50,159749,2859],{"class":111},[50,159751,2210],{"class":64},[20,159753,159754,159755,159757,159758,838],{},"This raises an ",[15,159756,71404],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[335,159759,155495],{"href":159760},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[36,159762,15879],{"id":77815},[20,159764,159765],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[233,159767,159768,159771,159773,159776],{},[236,159769,159770],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[236,159772,61371],{},[236,159774,159775],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[236,159777,159778,159779],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159780,2842],{},[20,159782,159783],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1112,159785,159787],{"id":159786},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[41,159789,159790],{"className":43,"code":158590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159791,159792,159820,159824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159793,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159795,302],{"class":56},[50,159797,61],{"class":60},[50,159799,419],{"class":64},[50,159801,1868],{"class":111},[50,159803,78],{"class":64},[50,159805,1873],{"class":111},[50,159807,78],{"class":64},[50,159809,1878],{"class":111},[50,159811,78],{"class":64},[50,159813,51520],{"class":111},[50,159815,78],{"class":64},[50,159817,5798],{"class":111},[50,159819,186],{"class":64},[50,159821,159822],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159823,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159827,366],{"class":151},[50,159829,155],{"class":64},[50,159831,381],{"class":158},[50,159833,4620],{"class":64},[50,159835,309],{"class":111},[50,159837,1408],{"class":64},[50,159839,1089],{"class":111},[50,159841,2210],{"class":64},[20,159843,189],{},[41,159845,159846],{"className":43,"code":158647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159847,159848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159849,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159851,155],{"class":64},[50,159853,16457],{"class":111},[50,159855,78],{"class":64},[50,159857,1878],{"class":111},[50,159859,78],{"class":64},[50,159861,51520],{"class":111},[50,159863,186],{"class":64},[20,159865,133075,159866,159868],{},[15,159867,1089],{}," is not included.",[1112,159870,159872],{"id":159871},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159874,5245],{},[41,159876,159878],{"className":43,"code":159877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159879,159880,159904,159908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159883,302],{"class":56},[50,159885,61],{"class":60},[50,159887,419],{"class":64},[50,159889,1868],{"class":111},[50,159891,78],{"class":64},[50,159893,1873],{"class":111},[50,159895,78],{"class":64},[50,159897,1878],{"class":111},[50,159899,78],{"class":64},[50,159901,51520],{"class":111},[50,159903,186],{"class":64},[50,159905,159906],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159907,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159909,159910],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159911,159912],{"class":4385},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159914,159915],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[41,159917,159918],{"className":43,"code":155575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159919,159920,159944,159948],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159921,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159923,302],{"class":56},[50,159925,61],{"class":60},[50,159927,419],{"class":64},[50,159929,1868],{"class":111},[50,159931,78],{"class":64},[50,159933,1873],{"class":111},[50,159935,78],{"class":64},[50,159937,1878],{"class":111},[50,159939,78],{"class":64},[50,159941,51520],{"class":111},[50,159943,186],{"class":64},[50,159945,159946],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,159947,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,159949,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,159951,366],{"class":151},[50,159953,155],{"class":64},[50,159955,381],{"class":158},[50,159957,4620],{"class":64},[50,159959,309],{"class":111},[50,159961,1408],{"class":64},[50,159963,437],{"class":111},[50,159965,2210],{"class":64},[1112,159967,159969],{"id":159968},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[41,159971,159973],{"className":43,"code":159972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159974,159975,159999,160003,160018,160022,160033],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159976,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159978,302],{"class":56},[50,159980,61],{"class":60},[50,159982,419],{"class":64},[50,159984,1868],{"class":111},[50,159986,78],{"class":64},[50,159988,1873],{"class":111},[50,159990,78],{"class":64},[50,159992,1878],{"class":111},[50,159994,78],{"class":64},[50,159996,51520],{"class":111},[50,159998,186],{"class":64},[50,160000,160001],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160002,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,160004,160005,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160006,160007],{"class":56},"slice_result ",[50,160009,61],{"class":60},[50,160011,4982],{"class":56},[50,160013,76208],{"class":64},[50,160015,422],{"class":111},[50,160017,98],{"class":64},[50,160019,160020],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160021,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,160023,160024,160026,160028,160031],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,160025,366],{"class":151},[50,160027,155],{"class":64},[50,160029,160030],{"class":158},"slice_result",[50,160032,186],{"class":64},[50,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,160036,366],{"class":151},[50,160038,155],{"class":64},[50,160040,381],{"class":158},[50,160042,186],{"class":64},[20,160044,189],{},[41,160046,160048],{"className":43,"code":160047,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,160049,160050,160062],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160051,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160053,155],{"class":64},[50,160055,1868],{"class":111},[50,160057,78],{"class":64},[50,160059,1873],{"class":111},[50,160061,186],{"class":64},[50,160063,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160065,155],{"class":64},[50,160067,1868],{"class":111},[50,160069,78],{"class":64},[50,160071,1873],{"class":111},[50,160073,78],{"class":64},[50,160075,1878],{"class":111},[50,160077,78],{"class":64},[50,160079,51520],{"class":111},[50,160081,186],{"class":64},[20,160083,160084],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[36,160086,114391],{"id":114390},[20,160088,160089],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[233,160091,160092,160095,160098,160104,160107],{},[236,160093,160094],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[236,160096,160097],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[236,160099,160100,160101],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,160102,160103],{},"tuple[::0]",[236,160105,160106],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[236,160108,160109],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,160111,160112],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[41,160114,160116],{"className":43,"code":160115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,160117,160118,160128,160146,160168],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160121,366],{"class":151},[50,160123,155],{"class":64},[50,160125,148668],{"class":158},[50,160127,186],{"class":64},[50,160129,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160131,366],{"class":151},[50,160133,155],{"class":64},[50,160135,148668],{"class":158},[50,160137,4620],{"class":64},[50,160139,309],{"class":111},[50,160141,1408],{"class":64},[50,160143,1089],{"class":111},[50,160145,2210],{"class":64},[50,160147,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160149,366],{"class":151},[50,160151,155],{"class":64},[50,160153,3945],{"class":371},[50,160155,155],{"class":64},[50,160157,148668],{"class":158},[50,160159,4620],{"class":64},[50,160161,309],{"class":111},[50,160163,1408],{"class":64},[50,160165,1089],{"class":111},[50,160167,3721],{"class":64},[50,160169,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160171,366],{"class":151},[50,160173,155],{"class":64},[50,160175,1060],{"class":151},[50,160177,155],{"class":64},[50,160179,148668],{"class":158},[50,160181,1077],{"class":64},[20,160183,11872],{},[233,160185,160186,160188,160191,160194],{},[236,160187,155882],{},[236,160189,160190],{},"what the slice actually returns",[236,160192,160193],{},"that the result is a tuple",[236,160195,160196],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[36,160198,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,160200,160202],{"id":160201},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,160204,160205],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1112,160207,160209],{"id":160208},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,160211,160212],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1112,160214,2559,160216,40637],{"id":160215},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160217,159035],{},[20,160219,160220],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1112,160222,160224,160225,2582],{"id":160223},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160226,71404],{},[20,160228,160229,160230,838],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160231,71404],{},[36,160233,2610],{"id":2609},[233,160235,160236,160240,160244,160248,160252],{},[236,160237,160238],{},[335,160239,156742],{"href":151629},[236,160241,160242],{},[335,160243,150323],{"href":153749},[236,160245,160246],{},[335,160247,151572],{"href":157906},[236,160249,160250],{},[335,160251,148650],{"href":158268},[236,160253,160254],{},[335,160255,155495],{"href":159760},[2640,160257,160258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":160260},[160261,160262,160263,160264,160272,160276,160277,160282,160283,160288,160289,160297],{"id":38,"depth":101,"text":39},{"id":158068,"depth":101,"text":158069},{"id":158271,"depth":101,"text":158272},{"id":76688,"depth":101,"text":76689,"children":160265},[160266,160268,160269,160270,160271],{"id":158429,"depth":127,"text":160267},"Get the first n items",{"id":158508,"depth":127,"text":158509},{"id":158586,"depth":127,"text":158587},{"id":158668,"depth":127,"text":158669},{"id":158750,"depth":127,"text":158751},{"id":76982,"depth":101,"text":76983,"children":160273},[160274,160275],{"id":158845,"depth":127,"text":158846},{"id":158929,"depth":127,"text":158930},{"id":159018,"depth":101,"text":159019},{"id":159270,"depth":101,"text":159271,"children":160278},[160279,160280,160281],{"id":159279,"depth":127,"text":159280},{"id":159395,"depth":127,"text":159396},{"id":159503,"depth":127,"text":159504},{"id":159569,"depth":101,"text":159570},{"id":77815,"depth":101,"text":15879,"children":160284},[160285,160286,160287],{"id":159786,"depth":127,"text":159787},{"id":159871,"depth":127,"text":159872},{"id":159968,"depth":127,"text":159969},{"id":114390,"depth":101,"text":114391},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":160290},[160291,160292,160293,160295],{"id":160201,"depth":127,"text":160202},{"id":160208,"depth":127,"text":160209},{"id":160215,"depth":127,"text":160294},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160223,"depth":127,"text":160296},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157912,"description":160298},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160305,"title":160306,"body":160307,"description":162130,"extension":2687,"meta":162131,"navigation":130,"path":35493,"seo":162132,"stem":162133,"__hash__":162134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160308,"toc":162096},[160309,160314,160319,160323,160341,160344,160359,160365,160367,160424,160426,160458,160470,160476,160481,160484,160519,160525,160527,160530,160544,160547,160549,160572,160574,160592,160595,160611,160613,160616,160729,160731,160820,160823,160828,160834,160837,160840,160939,160941,161000,161005,161008,161077,161081,161113,161129,161134,161141,161148,161160,161162,161211,161213,161236,161242,161290,161295,161302,161310,161316,161319,161343,161346,161348,161424,161426,161451,161457,161460,161465,161469,161483,161485,161548,161550,161582,161585,161601,161603,161609,161616,161618,161637,161639,161657,161664,161669,161676,161678,161715,161718,161725,161729,161732,161790,161793,161796,161851,161853,161865,161871,161873,161877,161910,161917,161919,161982,161985,161987,161992,162006,162013,162021,162030,162039,162045,162051,162053,162093],[10,160310,13,160312,18],{"id":160311},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160313,3026],{},[20,160315,33004,160316,160318],{},[15,160317,3026],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160320,63446,160321,105236],{},[15,160322,3026],{},[233,160324,160325,160328,160331,160334],{},[236,160326,160327],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[236,160329,160330],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[236,160332,160333],{},"debug confusing code",[236,160335,160336,160337],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[335,160338,160339],{"href":8931},[15,160340,3681],{},[20,160342,160343],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[41,160345,160347],{"className":43,"code":160346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(object)\n",[15,160348,160349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160350,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160352,3945],{"class":371},[50,160354,155],{"class":64},[50,160356,43075],{"class":371},[50,160358,186],{"class":64},[20,160360,160361,160362,160364],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160363,3026],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[36,160366,4331],{"id":4330},[41,160368,160370],{"className":43,"code":160369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160371,160372,160384,160398,160402,160410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160373,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160375,8589],{"class":56},[50,160377,61],{"class":60},[50,160379,81],{"class":68},[50,160381,5723],{"class":72},[50,160383,4082],{"class":68},[50,160385,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160387,366],{"class":151},[50,160389,155],{"class":64},[50,160391,3945],{"class":371},[50,160393,155],{"class":64},[50,160395,178],{"class":158},[50,160397,1077],{"class":64},[50,160399,160400],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160401,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,160403,160404,160406,160408],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160405,2941],{"class":56},[50,160407,61],{"class":60},[50,160409,3309],{"class":111},[50,160411,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,160413,366],{"class":151},[50,160415,155],{"class":64},[50,160417,3945],{"class":371},[50,160419,155],{"class":64},[50,160421,2964],{"class":158},[50,160423,1077],{"class":64},[20,160425,189],{},[41,160427,160428],{"className":43,"code":125738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160429,160430,160444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160431,160432,160434,160436,160438,160440,160442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160433,4014],{"class":60},[50,160435,4017],{"class":752},[50,160437,408],{"class":68},[50,160439,4167],{"class":72},[50,160441,413],{"class":68},[50,160443,4026],{"class":60},[50,160445,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454,160456],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160447,4014],{"class":60},[50,160449,4017],{"class":752},[50,160451,408],{"class":68},[50,160453,2911],{"class":72},[50,160455,413],{"class":68},[50,160457,4026],{"class":60},[20,160459,221,160460,160463,160464,827,160467,838],{},[15,160461,160462],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160465,160466],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160468,160469],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[36,160471,13699,160473,160475],{"id":160472},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160474,3026],{}," function does",[20,160477,160478,160480],{},[15,160479,3026],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160482,160483],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[233,160485,160486,160491,160496,160501,160506,160511],{},[236,160487,160488,160490],{},[15,160489,4167],{}," for text",[236,160492,160493,160495],{},[15,160494,2911],{}," for whole numbers",[236,160497,160498,160500],{},[15,160499,2915],{}," for decimal numbers",[236,160502,160503,160505],{},[15,160504,372],{}," for lists",[236,160507,160508,160510],{},[15,160509,9533],{}," for dictionaries",[236,160512,160513,69772,160515,827,160517],{},[15,160514,4590],{},[15,160516,4326],{},[15,160518,4396],{},[20,160520,160521,160522,160524],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160523,3026],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[36,160526,256],{"id":255},[20,160528,160529],{},"The main beginner form is:",[41,160531,160532],{"className":43,"code":160346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160533,160534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160535,160536,160538,160540,160542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160537,3945],{"class":371},[50,160539,155],{"class":64},[50,160541,43075],{"class":371},[50,160543,186],{"class":64},[20,160545,160546],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160548,2931],{},[41,160550,160552],{"className":43,"code":160551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160553,160554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160555,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160557,366],{"class":151},[50,160559,155],{"class":64},[50,160561,3945],{"class":371},[50,160563,155],{"class":64},[50,160565,69],{"class":68},[50,160567,4568],{"class":72},[50,160569,69],{"class":68},[50,160571,1077],{"class":64},[20,160573,189],{},[41,160575,160576],{"className":43,"code":46446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160577,160578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160579,160580,160582,160584,160586,160588,160590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160581,4014],{"class":60},[50,160583,4017],{"class":752},[50,160585,408],{"class":68},[50,160587,4167],{"class":72},[50,160589,413],{"class":68},[50,160591,4026],{"class":60},[20,160593,160594],{},"You can pass either:",[233,160596,160597,160604],{},[236,160598,160599,160600,3602,160602],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160601,65212],{},[15,160603,47202],{},[236,160605,160606,160607,3602,160609],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160608,178],{},[15,160610,1303],{},[36,160612,122550],{"id":122549},[20,160614,160615],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[41,160617,160619],{"className":43,"code":160618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160620,160621,160639,160653,160667,160689,160715],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160624,366],{"class":151},[50,160626,155],{"class":64},[50,160628,3945],{"class":371},[50,160630,155],{"class":64},[50,160632,69],{"class":68},[50,160634,4568],{"class":72},[50,160636,69],{"class":68},[50,160638,1077],{"class":64},[50,160640,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160642,366],{"class":151},[50,160644,155],{"class":64},[50,160646,3945],{"class":371},[50,160648,155],{"class":64},[50,160650,1868],{"class":111},[50,160652,1077],{"class":64},[50,160654,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160656,366],{"class":151},[50,160658,155],{"class":64},[50,160660,3945],{"class":371},[50,160662,155],{"class":64},[50,160664,40820],{"class":111},[50,160666,1077],{"class":64},[50,160668,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160670,366],{"class":151},[50,160672,155],{"class":64},[50,160674,3945],{"class":371},[50,160676,2182],{"class":64},[50,160678,309],{"class":111},[50,160680,78],{"class":64},[50,160682,314],{"class":111},[50,160684,78],{"class":64},[50,160686,319],{"class":111},[50,160688,3721],{"class":64},[50,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,160692,366],{"class":151},[50,160694,155],{"class":64},[50,160696,3945],{"class":371},[50,160698,6244],{"class":64},[50,160700,69],{"class":68},[50,160702,178],{"class":72},[50,160704,69],{"class":68},[50,160706,1408],{"class":64},[50,160708,81],{"class":68},[50,160710,5723],{"class":72},[50,160712,69],{"class":68},[50,160714,6253],{"class":64},[50,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,160718,366],{"class":151},[50,160720,155],{"class":64},[50,160722,3945],{"class":371},[50,160724,155],{"class":64},[50,160726,4326],{"class":1806},[50,160728,1077],{"class":64},[20,160730,189],{},[41,160732,160734],{"className":43,"code":160733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160735,160736,160750,160764,160778,160792,160806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160739,4014],{"class":60},[50,160741,4017],{"class":752},[50,160743,408],{"class":68},[50,160745,4167],{"class":72},[50,160747,413],{"class":68},[50,160749,4026],{"class":60},[50,160751,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160753,4014],{"class":60},[50,160755,4017],{"class":752},[50,160757,408],{"class":68},[50,160759,2911],{"class":72},[50,160761,413],{"class":68},[50,160763,4026],{"class":60},[50,160765,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160776],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160767,4014],{"class":60},[50,160769,4017],{"class":752},[50,160771,408],{"class":68},[50,160773,2915],{"class":72},[50,160775,413],{"class":68},[50,160777,4026],{"class":60},[50,160779,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160781,4014],{"class":60},[50,160783,4017],{"class":752},[50,160785,408],{"class":68},[50,160787,372],{"class":72},[50,160789,413],{"class":68},[50,160791,4026],{"class":60},[50,160793,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,160795,4014],{"class":60},[50,160797,4017],{"class":752},[50,160799,408],{"class":68},[50,160801,9533],{"class":72},[50,160803,413],{"class":68},[50,160805,4026],{"class":60},[50,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,160809,4014],{"class":60},[50,160811,4017],{"class":752},[50,160813,408],{"class":68},[50,160815,4590],{"class":72},[50,160817,413],{"class":68},[50,160819,4026],{"class":60},[20,160821,160822],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160824,160825,160826,838],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[335,160827,45475],{"href":49654},[36,160829,2447,160831,160833],{"id":160830},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160832,3026],{}," with variables",[20,160835,160836],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160838,160839],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[41,160841,160843],{"className":43,"code":160842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160844,160845,160853,160871,160875,160887,160905,160909,160921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160846,160847,160849,160851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160848,3171],{"class":56},[50,160850,61],{"class":60},[50,160852,3309],{"class":111},[50,160854,160855,160857,160859,160861,160863,160865,160867,160869],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160856,366],{"class":151},[50,160858,155],{"class":64},[50,160860,3197],{"class":158},[50,160862,78],{"class":64},[50,160864,50066],{"class":371},[50,160866,155],{"class":64},[50,160868,3197],{"class":158},[50,160870,1077],{"class":64},[50,160872,160873],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160874,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,160876,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,160878,3171],{"class":56},[50,160880,61],{"class":60},[50,160882,81],{"class":68},[50,160884,46583],{"class":72},[50,160886,4082],{"class":68},[50,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160901,160903],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,160890,366],{"class":151},[50,160892,155],{"class":64},[50,160894,3197],{"class":158},[50,160896,78],{"class":64},[50,160898,50066],{"class":371},[50,160900,155],{"class":64},[50,160902,3197],{"class":158},[50,160904,1077],{"class":64},[50,160906,160907],{"class":52,"line":1533},[50,160908,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,160910,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919],{"class":52,"line":1548},[50,160912,3171],{"class":56},[50,160914,61],{"class":60},[50,160916,65],{"class":64},[50,160918,1868],{"class":111},[50,160920,98],{"class":64},[50,160922,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935,160937],{"class":52,"line":7138},[50,160924,366],{"class":151},[50,160926,155],{"class":64},[50,160928,3197],{"class":158},[50,160930,78],{"class":64},[50,160932,50066],{"class":371},[50,160934,155],{"class":64},[50,160936,3197],{"class":158},[50,160938,1077],{"class":64},[20,160940,189],{},[41,160942,160944],{"className":43,"code":160943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160945,160946,160963,160980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160947,160948,160950,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160949,1868],{"class":111},[50,160951,160952],{"class":60}," \u003C",[50,160954,4017],{"class":752},[50,160956,408],{"class":68},[50,160958,2911],{"class":72},[50,160960,413],{"class":68},[50,160962,4026],{"class":60},[50,160964,160965,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,160966,160967],{"class":56},"ten ",[50,160969,4014],{"class":60},[50,160971,4017],{"class":752},[50,160973,408],{"class":68},[50,160975,4167],{"class":72},[50,160977,413],{"class":68},[50,160979,4026],{"class":60},[50,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,160983,4620],{"class":64},[50,160985,1868],{"class":111},[50,160987,13976],{"class":64},[50,160989,160952],{"class":60},[50,160991,4017],{"class":752},[50,160993,408],{"class":68},[50,160995,372],{"class":72},[50,160997,413],{"class":68},[50,160999,4026],{"class":60},[20,161001,161002,161004],{},[15,161003,3026],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,161006,161007],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[41,161009,161011],{"className":43,"code":161010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,161012,161013,161031,161045,161049,161063],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161014,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161016,4115],{"class":56},[50,161018,61],{"class":60},[50,161020,8954],{"class":151},[50,161022,155],{"class":64},[50,161024,69],{"class":68},[50,161026,42547],{"class":72},[50,161028,69],{"class":68},[50,161030,186],{"class":64},[50,161032,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161034,366],{"class":151},[50,161036,155],{"class":64},[50,161038,3945],{"class":371},[50,161040,155],{"class":64},[50,161042,4141],{"class":158},[50,161044,1077],{"class":64},[50,161046,161047],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161048,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161050,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161052,123662],{"class":56},[50,161054,61],{"class":60},[50,161056,45953],{"class":371},[50,161058,155],{"class":64},[50,161060,4141],{"class":158},[50,161062,186],{"class":64},[50,161064,161065,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,161066,366],{"class":151},[50,161068,155],{"class":64},[50,161070,3945],{"class":371},[50,161072,155],{"class":64},[50,161074,123685],{"class":158},[50,161076,1077],{"class":64},[20,161078,41796,161079,41800],{},[15,161080,9904],{},[41,161082,161083],{"className":43,"code":125738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161084,161085,161099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161086,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161088,4014],{"class":60},[50,161090,4017],{"class":752},[50,161092,408],{"class":68},[50,161094,4167],{"class":72},[50,161096,413],{"class":68},[50,161098,4026],{"class":60},[50,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161102,4014],{"class":60},[50,161104,4017],{"class":752},[50,161106,408],{"class":68},[50,161108,2911],{"class":72},[50,161110,413],{"class":68},[50,161112,4026],{"class":60},[20,161114,46379,161115,161119,161120,3602,161124,161128],{},[335,161116,161117],{"href":8931},[15,161118,3681],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[335,161121,161122],{"href":3598},[15,161123,3601],{},[335,161125,161126],{"href":3605},[15,161127,3608],{}," if you need a number.",[20,161130,161131,161132,838],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[335,161133,9693],{"href":9692},[36,161135,161137,11286,161139],{"id":161136},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,161138,3026],{},[15,161140,45483],{},[20,161142,161143,827,161145,161147],{},[15,161144,3026],{},[15,161146,45483],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[233,161149,161150,161155],{},[236,161151,161152,161154],{},[15,161153,3026],{}," tells you the exact type",[236,161156,161157,161159],{},[15,161158,45483],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,161161,2931],{},[41,161163,161165],{"className":43,"code":161164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161166,161167,161175,161179,161193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161168,161169,161171,161173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161170,3171],{"class":56},[50,161172,61],{"class":60},[50,161174,35527],{"class":111},[50,161176,161177],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161178,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161180,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161182,366],{"class":151},[50,161184,155],{"class":64},[50,161186,3945],{"class":371},[50,161188,155],{"class":64},[50,161190,3197],{"class":158},[50,161192,1077],{"class":64},[50,161194,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161196,366],{"class":151},[50,161198,155],{"class":64},[50,161200,49551],{"class":151},[50,161202,155],{"class":64},[50,161204,3197],{"class":158},[50,161206,78],{"class":64},[50,161208,45953],{"class":371},[50,161210,1077],{"class":64},[20,161212,189],{},[41,161214,161216],{"className":43,"code":161215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161217,161218,161232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161219,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161221,4014],{"class":60},[50,161223,4017],{"class":752},[50,161225,408],{"class":68},[50,161227,2911],{"class":72},[50,161229,413],{"class":68},[50,161231,4026],{"class":60},[50,161233,161234],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161235,1962],{"class":1806},[20,161237,161238,161239,161241],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161240,45483],{}," is more practical.",[41,161243,161245],{"className":43,"code":161244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161246,161247,161255,161259,161275],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161248,161249,161251,161253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161250,3171],{"class":56},[50,161252,61],{"class":60},[50,161254,35527],{"class":111},[50,161256,161257],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161258,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161260,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161262,7711],{"class":137},[50,161264,50289],{"class":151},[50,161266,155],{"class":64},[50,161268,3197],{"class":158},[50,161270,78],{"class":64},[50,161272,45953],{"class":371},[50,161274,167],{"class":64},[50,161276,161277,161279,161281,161283,161286,161288],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161278,173],{"class":151},[50,161280,155],{"class":64},[50,161282,69],{"class":68},[50,161284,161285],{"class":72},"This is an integer",[50,161287,69],{"class":68},[50,161289,186],{"class":64},[20,161291,221,161292,161294],{},[15,161293,3026],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161296,221,161297,161299,161300,7886],{},[15,161298,45483],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161301,7711],{},[20,161303,161304,161305,838],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[335,161306,13,161308,2551],{"href":161307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161309,45483],{},[36,161311,161313,161314],{"id":161312},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161315,3026],{},[20,161317,161318],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[41,161320,161322],{"className":43,"code":161321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161323,161324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161325,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334,161337,161339,161341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161327,3945],{"class":371},[50,161329,155],{"class":64},[50,161331,178],{"class":158},[50,161333,78],{"class":64},[50,161335,161336],{"class":158}," bases",[50,161338,78],{"class":64},[50,161340,1361],{"class":371},[50,161342,186],{"class":64},[20,161344,161345],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161347,2931],{},[41,161349,161351],{"className":43,"code":161350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161352,161353,161396,161400,161410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161354,161355,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161369,161371,161373,161376,161378,161380,161383,161385,161387,161389,161392,161394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161356,161357],{"class":56},"Person ",[50,161359,61],{"class":60},[50,161361,50066],{"class":371},[50,161363,155],{"class":64},[50,161365,69],{"class":68},[50,161367,161368],{"class":72},"Person",[50,161370,69],{"class":68},[50,161372,78],{"class":64},[50,161374,161375],{"class":64}," (),",[50,161377,11191],{"class":64},[50,161379,69],{"class":68},[50,161381,161382],{"class":72},"species",[50,161384,69],{"class":68},[50,161386,1408],{"class":64},[50,161388,81],{"class":68},[50,161390,161391],{"class":72},"human",[50,161393,69],{"class":68},[50,161395,31186],{"class":64},[50,161397,161398],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161399,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161401,161402,161404,161406,161408],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161403,366],{"class":151},[50,161405,155],{"class":64},[50,161407,161368],{"class":158},[50,161409,186],{"class":64},[50,161411,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161413,366],{"class":151},[50,161415,155],{"class":64},[50,161417,161368],{"class":158},[50,161419,838],{"class":64},[50,161421,161382],{"class":25443},[50,161423,186],{"class":64},[20,161425,189],{},[41,161427,161429],{"className":43,"code":161428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161430,161431,161446],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161432,161433,161435,161437,161439,161442,161444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161434,4014],{"class":60},[50,161436,4017],{"class":752},[50,161438,408],{"class":68},[50,161440,161441],{"class":72},"__main__.Person",[50,161443,413],{"class":68},[50,161445,4026],{"class":60},[50,161447,161448],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161449,161450],{"class":56},"human\n",[20,161452,161453,161454,161456],{},"Most beginners do ",[4465,161455,5351],{}," need this form.",[20,161458,161459],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[36,161461,5681,161463],{"id":161462},"when-to-use-type",[15,161464,3026],{},[20,161466,161467,13149],{},[15,161468,3026],{},[233,161470,161471,161474,161477,161480],{},[236,161472,161473],{},"debug unexpected values",[236,161475,161476],{},"check what a conversion produced",[236,161478,161479],{},"learn Python data types",[236,161481,161482],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161484,6186],{},[41,161486,161488],{"className":43,"code":161487,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161489,161490,161502,161516,161520,161534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161491,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161493,35372],{"class":56},[50,161495,61],{"class":60},[50,161497,81],{"class":68},[50,161499,50922],{"class":72},[50,161501,4082],{"class":68},[50,161503,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161505,2941],{"class":56},[50,161507,61],{"class":60},[50,161509,45953],{"class":371},[50,161511,155],{"class":64},[50,161513,35393],{"class":158},[50,161515,186],{"class":64},[50,161517,161518],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161519,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161521,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161523,366],{"class":151},[50,161525,155],{"class":64},[50,161527,3945],{"class":371},[50,161529,155],{"class":64},[50,161531,35393],{"class":158},[50,161533,1077],{"class":64},[50,161535,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,161537,366],{"class":151},[50,161539,155],{"class":64},[50,161541,3945],{"class":371},[50,161543,155],{"class":64},[50,161545,2964],{"class":158},[50,161547,1077],{"class":64},[20,161549,189],{},[41,161551,161552],{"className":43,"code":125738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161553,161554,161568],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161555,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161557,4014],{"class":60},[50,161559,4017],{"class":752},[50,161561,408],{"class":68},[50,161563,4167],{"class":72},[50,161565,413],{"class":68},[50,161567,4026],{"class":60},[50,161569,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161571,4014],{"class":60},[50,161573,4017],{"class":752},[50,161575,408],{"class":68},[50,161577,2911],{"class":72},[50,161579,413],{"class":68},[50,161581,4026],{"class":60},[20,161583,161584],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161586,161587,161588,2912,161592,17772,161596,161600],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[335,161589,161590],{"href":42851},[15,161591,48359],{},[335,161593,161594],{"href":3598},[15,161595,3601],{},[335,161597,161598],{"href":3605},[15,161599,3608],{}," are often the next step.",[36,161602,26048],{"id":26047},[20,161604,161605,161606,161608],{},"A few things about ",[15,161607,3026],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1112,161610,161612,161615],{"id":161611},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161613,161614],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161617,65321],{},[41,161619,161621],{"className":43,"code":161620,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161622,161623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161624,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161626,366],{"class":151},[50,161628,155],{"class":64},[50,161630,3945],{"class":371},[50,161632,155],{"class":64},[50,161634,2859],{"class":111},[50,161636,1077],{"class":64},[20,161638,123581],{},[41,161640,161641],{"className":43,"code":157090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161642,161643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161646,4014],{"class":60},[50,161648,4017],{"class":752},[50,161650,408],{"class":68},[50,161652,2911],{"class":72},[50,161654,413],{"class":68},[50,161656,4026],{"class":60},[20,161658,41583,161659,161661,161662,838],{},[4465,161660,5351],{}," print just ",[15,161663,2911],{},[20,161665,7390,161666,161668],{},[15,161667,3026],{}," returns a class object.",[1112,161670,161672,3121,161674],{"id":161671},"input-returns-str",[15,161673,3681],{},[15,161675,4167],{},[20,161677,80215],{},[41,161679,161681],{"className":43,"code":161680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161682,161683,161701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161684,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161686,3171],{"class":56},[50,161688,61],{"class":60},[50,161690,8954],{"class":151},[50,161692,155],{"class":64},[50,161694,69],{"class":68},[50,161696,46986],{"class":72},[50,161698,69],{"class":68},[50,161700,186],{"class":64},[50,161702,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161704,366],{"class":151},[50,161706,155],{"class":64},[50,161708,3945],{"class":371},[50,161710,155],{"class":64},[50,161712,3197],{"class":158},[50,161714,1077],{"class":64},[20,161716,161717],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161719,161720,161721,3602,161723,838],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161722,3601],{},[15,161724,3608],{},[1112,161726,161728],{"id":161727},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161730,161731],{},"Avoid code like this:",[41,161733,161735],{"className":43,"code":161734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161736,161737,161745,161749,161775],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161738,161739,161741,161743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161740,3171],{"class":56},[50,161742,61],{"class":60},[50,161744,35527],{"class":111},[50,161746,161747],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161748,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161750,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161752,7711],{"class":137},[50,161754,49580],{"class":371},[50,161756,155],{"class":64},[50,161758,3945],{"class":371},[50,161760,155],{"class":64},[50,161762,3197],{"class":158},[50,161764,6075],{"class":64},[50,161766,7121],{"class":60},[50,161768,81],{"class":68},[50,161770,160469],{"class":72},[50,161772,69],{"class":68},[50,161774,2229],{"class":64},[50,161776,161777,161779,161781,161783,161786,161788],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161778,173],{"class":151},[50,161780,155],{"class":64},[50,161782,69],{"class":68},[50,161784,161785],{"class":72},"It is an int",[50,161787,69],{"class":68},[50,161789,186],{"class":64},[20,161791,161792],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161794,161795],{},"Better options:",[41,161797,161799],{"className":43,"code":161798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161800,161801,161809,161813,161833],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161802,161803,161805,161807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161804,3171],{"class":56},[50,161806,61],{"class":60},[50,161808,35527],{"class":111},[50,161810,161811],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161812,131],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":130},[50,161814,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161816,366],{"class":151},[50,161818,155],{"class":64},[50,161820,3945],{"class":371},[50,161822,155],{"class":64},[50,161824,3197],{"class":158},[50,161826,4382],{"class":64},[50,161828,7121],{"class":60},[50,161830,45953],{"class":371},[50,161832,186],{"class":64},[50,161834,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161836,366],{"class":151},[50,161838,155],{"class":64},[50,161840,49551],{"class":151},[50,161842,155],{"class":64},[50,161844,3197],{"class":158},[50,161846,78],{"class":64},[50,161848,45953],{"class":371},[50,161850,1077],{"class":64},[20,161852,189],{},[41,161854,161855],{"className":43,"code":5224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161856,161857,161861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161858,161859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161860,1962],{"class":1806},[50,161862,161863],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161864,1962],{"class":1806},[20,161866,161867,161868,161870],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161869,45483],{}," is the more useful check.",[36,161872,3553],{"id":3552},[20,161874,15435,161875,1408],{},[15,161876,3026],{},[233,161878,161879,161889,161898,161907],{},[236,161880,2447,161881,161883,161884,161888],{},[15,161882,3026],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[335,161885,161886],{"href":8931},[15,161887,3681],{}," always returns a string",[236,161890,2120,161891,161893,161894,11794,161896],{},[15,161892,3026],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161895,2911],{},[15,161897,160469],{},[236,161899,2447,161900,45307,161903,161906],{},[15,161901,161902],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161904,161905],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[236,161908,161909],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161911,161912,161913,838],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[335,161914,161916],{"href":161915},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161918,145244],{},[41,161920,161922],{"className":43,"code":161921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161923,161924,161938,161948,161962,161972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161925,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161927,366],{"class":151},[50,161929,155],{"class":64},[50,161931,3945],{"class":371},[50,161933,155],{"class":64},[50,161935,3197],{"class":158},[50,161937,1077],{"class":64},[50,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":52,"line":101},[50,161941,366],{"class":151},[50,161943,155],{"class":64},[50,161945,3197],{"class":158},[50,161947,186],{"class":64},[50,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960],{"class":52,"line":127},[50,161951,366],{"class":151},[50,161953,155],{"class":64},[50,161955,42455],{"class":151},[50,161957,155],{"class":64},[50,161959,3197],{"class":158},[50,161961,1077],{"class":64},[50,161963,161964,161966,161968,161970],{"class":52,"line":134},[50,161965,32840],{"class":151},[50,161967,155],{"class":64},[50,161969,3945],{"class":371},[50,161971,186],{"class":64},[50,161973,161974,161976,161978,161980],{"class":52,"line":170},[50,161975,35057],{"class":151},[50,161977,155],{"class":64},[50,161979,3197],{"class":158},[50,161981,186],{"class":64},[20,161983,161984],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[36,161986,2555],{"id":2554},[1112,161988,2559,161990,2562],{"id":161989},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161991,3026],{},[20,161993,161994,161995,2912,161997,2912,161999,2916,162001,162003,162004,838],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161996,4167],{},[15,161998,2911],{},[15,162000,372],{},[15,162002,9533],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,162005,160466],{},[1112,162007,15605,162009,57883,162011,2582],{"id":162008},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,162010,3026],{},[15,162012,45483],{},[20,162014,47041,162015,162017,162018,162020],{},[15,162016,3026],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,162019,45483],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1112,162022,5871,162024,162027,162028,2582],{"id":162023},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,162025,162026],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,162029,4167],{},[20,162031,1107,162032,162034,162035,3602,162037,161128],{},[15,162033,3681],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,162036,3601],{},[15,162038,3608],{},[1112,162040,5883,162042,162044],{"id":162041},"can-type-create-classes",[15,162043,3026],{}," create classes?",[20,162046,162047,162048,838],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,162049,162050],{},"type(object)",[36,162052,2610],{"id":2609},[233,162054,162055,162059,162065,162071,162075,162081,162087],{},[236,162056,162057],{},[335,162058,45475],{"href":49654},[236,162060,162061],{},[335,162062,13,162063,2551],{"href":161307},[15,162064,45483],{},[236,162066,162067],{},[335,162068,13,162069,2551],{"href":8931},[15,162070,3681],{},[236,162072,162073],{},[335,162074,9770],{"href":9692},[236,162076,162077],{},[335,162078,13,162079,2551],{"href":3598},[15,162080,3601],{},[236,162082,162083],{},[335,162084,13,162085,2551],{"href":3605},[15,162086,3608],{},[236,162088,162089],{},[335,162090,13,162091,2551],{"href":42851},[15,162092,48359],{},[2640,162094,162095],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":162097},[162098,162099,162101,162102,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111,162118,162119,162129],{"id":4330,"depth":101,"text":4331},{"id":160472,"depth":101,"text":162100},"What the type() function does",{"id":255,"depth":101,"text":256},{"id":122549,"depth":101,"text":122550},{"id":160830,"depth":101,"text":162104},"Using type() with variables",{"id":161136,"depth":101,"text":162106},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161312,"depth":101,"text":162108},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161462,"depth":101,"text":162110},"When to use type()",{"id":26047,"depth":101,"text":26048,"children":162112},[162113,162115,162117],{"id":161611,"depth":127,"text":162114},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161671,"depth":127,"text":162116},"input() returns str",{"id":161727,"depth":127,"text":161728},{"id":3552,"depth":101,"text":3553},{"id":2554,"depth":101,"text":2555,"children":162120},[162121,162123,162125,162127],{"id":161989,"depth":127,"text":162122},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":162008,"depth":127,"text":162124},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":162023,"depth":127,"text":162126},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":162041,"depth":127,"text":162128},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2609,"depth":101,"text":2610},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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